Journal articles on the topic 'Context-driven activity theory'
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Saguna, Saguna, Arkady Zaslavsky, and Dipanjan Chakraborty. "Complex activity recognition using context-driven activity theory and activity signatures." ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction 20, no. 6 (December 2013): 1–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2490832.
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Li, Xuan-Song, Xian-Ping Tao, Wei Song, and Kai Dong. "AocML: A Domain-Specific Language for Model-Driven Development of Activity-Oriented Context-Aware Applications." Journal of Computer Science and Technology 33, no. 5 (September 2018): 900–917. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11390-018-1865-9.
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Rostami, Nasrin, Mohsen Khyareh, and Reza Mazhari. "Competitiveness, entrepreneurship, and economic performance: Evidence from factor-, efficiency-, and innovation-driven countries." Ekonomski anali 64, no. 221 (2019): 33–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/eka1921033r.
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Many scholars have highlighted the importance of economic competitiveness for entrepreneurial activity, and hence economic growth. However, few studies quantitatively analyse the interrelationship between competitiveness and its role in increasing entrepreneurial activity at various stages of development. The aim of this study is to fill this gap in the entrepreneurship literature and to study the causal relationship between the ?pillars? of competitiveness and the different macroeconomic effects of entrepreneurship, mediated by entrepreneurial behaviour, in a panel of 81 factor-, efficiency-, and innovation-driven countries during 2012-2017. Using a MIMIC model, the results show that innovation, higher education, and technological readiness have a positive and significant impact on the level of entrepreneurial activity in the three groups of countries. In addition, development of the financial market and market size has a positive impact on entrepreneurship in factor-driven countries. Higher education and institutional strengthening have a positive and significant impact on the level of entrepreneurship in the efficiency- and innovation-driven countries, but are not significant in factor-driven countries. Moreover, the impact of infrastructure on the level of entrepreneurial activity in the factor-, efficiency-, and innovationdriven countries is positive. Good entrepreneurial behaviour generates a simultaneous and/or medium-term favourable effect on the growth of gross domestic product, exports, imports, and employment rate. Therefore, besides immediate growth, it also assures sustainable economic and social progress in the analysed countries. Our results confirm previous findings of empirical studies in the field. These findings are consistent with received economic theory on how national context affects entrepreneurial activity.
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Perold, Rudolf, Ronnie Donaldson, and Oswald Devisch. "Architecture in Southern African informal settlements: A contextually appropriate intervention." Urbani izziv Supplement, no. 30 (February 17, 2019): 96–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.5379/urbani-izziv-en-2019-30-supplement-007.
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Architectural professionals can contribute to efforts at achieving sustainable urbanism. However, the realm of professional discourse is extremely limited. Grounded architectural practice (GAP) is developed as a conceptual framework to explore an emergent form of contextually appropriate architectural practice in the context of a resident-driven in situ informal settlement upgrading project. The exploration takes the form of a descriptive narrative. Each challenge that arose during the descriptive narrative was mapped according to Engeström’s activity system model, an analytical tool emanating from cultural-historical activity theory (CHAT). By participating in live projects in informal settlements and analysing these projects by means of CHAT, the authors explored the highly improvising and generative everyday practices of the urban majority. Architectural practice in such a context requires a multi-disciplinary approach which extends beyond conventional professional boundaries, and attention must be paid to building the capacity of all participants to function in such uncharted territory.
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Arkhypov, O. V., and M. L. Khodachenko. "Empirically revealed properties of Rieger-type cycles of stellar activity." Astronomy & Astrophysics 651 (July 2021): A28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202140629.
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Context. The Rieger cycles were discovered in the Sun as a specific 154-day periodicity of flare occurrence; they strongly influence terrestrial space weather. This phenomenon is far from being understood. Various proposed mechanisms for this periodicity need further verification in stars with stellar parameters different from those of the Sun. Aims. In this work, we study the Rieger-type cycle (RTC) periods PRTC of stellar activity surveyed in the photometric data of the Kepler space telescope. Methods. The processing of 1726 stellar light curves reveals statistics of PRTC values for different main-sequence stars with different effective temperatures Teff and periods of rotation P. This study uses as an index of stellar activity the squared amplitude of the first rotational harmonic A12 of the stellar light curve variability. Results. The obtained information on PRTC of the considered stars confirms the phenomenological analogy between stellar RTCs and the solar Rieger cycles. Two types of RTCs were found: (1) activity cycles with PRTC independent on the stellar rotation, which are typical for the stars with Teff ≲ 5500 K, and (2) activity cycles with PRTC proportional to the stellar rotation period P, which take place on stars with Teff ≳ 6300 K. These two types of RTCs can be driven by the Kelvin and Rossby waves, respectively. The Rossby wave-driven RTCs show a relation with the location of tachocline at shallow depths in the hot stars. This confirms the theoretical predictions of the connection of the RTC with the tachocline. At the same time, the Kelvin wave-driven RTCs do not show this connection. Apparently, both types of wave drivers of RTCs can coexist, resulting in the joint modulation of the magnetic flux tubes emergence by Kelvin and Rossby waves, and the corresponding behavior of PRTC. Conclusions. The signatures of two types of wave drivers discovered for RTCs and their different relations with the tachocline call for a revision and further elaboration of the theory of RTCs.
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Webster, Collin Andrew, Peter Caputi, Melanie Perreault, Rob Doan, Panayiotis Doutis, and Robert Glenn Weaver. "Elementary Classroom Teachers’ Adoption of Physical Activity Promotion in the Context of a Statewide Policy: An Innovation Diffusion and Socio-Ecologic Perspective." Journal of Teaching in Physical Education 32, no. 4 (October 2013): 419–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jtpe.32.4.419.
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Physical activity promotion in the academic classroom (PAPAC) is an effective means for increasing children’s school-based physical activity. In the context of a South Carolina policy requiring elementary schools to provide children with 90 min of physical activity beyond physical education every week, the purpose of this study was to test a theoretical model of elementary classroom teachers’ (ECT) PAPAC adoption drawing from Rogers’ (1995) diffusion of innovations theory and a social ecological perspective. ECTs (N = 201) were assessed on their policy awareness, perceived school support for PAPAC, perceived attributes of PAPAC, domain-specific innovativeness, and self-reported PAPAC. Partial least squares analysis supported most of the hypothesized relationships. Policy awareness predicted perceived school support, which in turn predicted perceived attributes and domain-specific innovativeness. Perceived compatibility, simplicity, and observability, and domain-specific innovativeness predicted self-reported PAPAC. This study identifies variables that should be considered in policy-driven efforts to promote PAPAC adoption.
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Unuigbe, Maria, Sambo Lyson Zulu, and David Johnston. "Exploring Factors Influencing Renewable Energy Diffusion in Commercial Buildings in Nigeria: A Grounded Theory Approach." Sustainability 14, no. 15 (August 7, 2022): 9726. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14159726.
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The adoption and integration of renewable energy technologies (RETs) into buildings is key to making the necessary transition to low-carbon and resilient built environments. However, such technologies have struggled to gain a firm foothold in countries within the sub-Saharan African (SSA) region. This is particularly the case in Nigeria, which suffers from severe energy poverty, despite its significant RE and conventional energy potential. In Nigeria, a significant proportion of the energy demand for offices is provided by self-powered off-grid fossil-fuel generators. The country is also one of the primary settings for increased construction activity. This, combined with its susceptibility to the effects of climate change, presents significant concerns relating to the resilience of its built environment. However, there has not yet been a comprehensive empirical study addressing this, as previous studies have been limited in their insight and perspectives. This study adopted a grounded theory method (GTM) aligned with Charmaz’s approach, to gain in-depth participant-driven insights into factors influencing sustainable energy use in commercial buildings, focusing on solar photovoltaics (PVs). This led to the development of a theory of the sustainability transition process of construction professionals (CPs). It provides relevant, reliable, and relatable points of reference that would be beneficial to policymakers in developing plans for actionable interventions for PV and broader sustainable measures toward green energy transition. Furthermore, it highlights the value of employing GTMs in construction management research beyond the developing context. This paper contributes theoretically, empirically, and methodologically to facilitate a better understanding of the situations (context) grounded in empirical data.
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Newman, Eamonn, and Margaret Farren. "Transforming self-driven learning using action research." Journal of Work-Applied Management 10, no. 1 (June 4, 2018): 4–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jwam-10-2017-0029.
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Purpose This purpose of this paper is to use autoethnographic methods to enable an individual to reflect on their learning practices and habits in their professional role in computing and data science. Design/methodology/approach Action reflection cycles with autoethnographic methods are used in this enquiry to examine and transform the self-driven learning in the role of a professional in the context of computing and data science. Data are collected using personal thoughts and emotions in order to determine to what degree the changes that are brought about are improving their learning practice. Findings An incongruity between espoused theory and theory-in-use is identified. In this paper the authors explore how engaging in reflection within the structure of an action research framework can change the learning behaviour of an individual, motivating them to engage more positively and consistently with self-directed learning in their workplace environment. Research limitations/implications Through analysis of reflective journals key aspects of personal and professional life that influences the individual’s approach to the learning tasks is identified. In addition, activity logs are maintained which collect information on the tasks that are undertaken. These activity logs are automatically generated using specific task-tracking software. Double-loop learning (Argyris and Schön, 1974) helps to identify the values that underpin the learning practice. Practical implications By resolving the tension created due to the incongruity of values, the individual has been able to find more motivation for learning and thus become more engaged in the learning process. Social implications Participation in the knowledge economy requires individuals to engage in continuous learning. Organisations that support individuals in continuous learning are best adapted to take advantage of emergent and evolving knowledge and skill requirements. Originality/value This paper examined the behaviour of an individual engaging in self-directed learning and showed how through engagement with reflection and critical self-analysis, he increased his motivation and efficiency for self-directed learning. The authors show how this skill becomes increasingly important in modern knowledge economy workplaces.
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Das, Priyam, Christine B. Peterson, Kim-Anh Do, Rehan Akbani, and Veerabhadran Baladandayuthapani. "NExUS: Bayesian simultaneous network estimation across unequal sample sizes." Bioinformatics 36, no. 3 (August 28, 2019): 798–804. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btz636.
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Abstract Motivation Network-based analyses of high-throughput genomics data provide a holistic, systems-level understanding of various biological mechanisms for a common population. However, when estimating multiple networks across heterogeneous sub-populations, varying sample sizes pose a challenge in the estimation and inference, as network differences may be driven by differences in power. We are particularly interested in addressing this challenge in the context of proteomic networks for related cancers, as the number of subjects available for rare cancer (sub-)types is often limited. Results We develop NExUS (Network Estimation across Unequal Sample sizes), a Bayesian method that enables joint learning of multiple networks while avoiding artefactual relationship between sample size and network sparsity. We demonstrate through simulations that NExUS outperforms existing network estimation methods in this context, and apply it to learn network similarity and shared pathway activity for groups of cancers with related origins represented in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) proteomic data. Availability and implementation The NExUS source code is freely available for download at https://github.com/priyamdas2/NExUS. Supplementary information Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
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Harrington, Robert J., Michael C. Ottenbacher, Laura Schmidt, Jessica C. Murray, and Burkhard von Freyberg. "Experience perceptions, memorability and life satisfaction: a test and theory extension in the context of Oktoberfest." International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management 33, no. 2 (January 18, 2021): 735–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijchm-07-2020-0723.
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Purpose Based on the Oktoberfest context and memory-dominant logic (MDL), the purpose of the study included assessing drivers of the perceptions of experience uniqueness; if these drivers and experience uniqueness perceptions transformed in memorable experiences; and if memorable experiences translated into enhanced life satisfaction. Based on these relationships, a typology and theory extension is provided integrating practical examples. Design/methodology/approach A five-factor model was tested using exploratory structural equation modeling and structural equation modeling; the factors included food and beverage quality; connectedness; experience uniqueness; meaningfulness and memorability; and life satisfaction. Findings Guests connectedness impacted life satisfaction perceptions. Positive perceptions of the experience uniqueness resulted in higher memorability. Food and beverage quality impacted both memorability and life satisfaction. Higher memorability resulted in higher life satisfaction. Attendee nationality impacted the relationship among several of the study’s factors. Research limitations/implications Progress was made on assessing the MDL concepts and translating them into quantitative values. Study results supported the impact of connectedness and product quality on perceptions of Oktoberfest experience uniqueness along with the impact of meaningfulness of the experience on life satisfaction perceptions. The authors acknowledged limitations because of one Oktoberfest beer tent focus and the weaknesses of survey methodology, limiting pre- and post-activity reporting and future investigation of moderating effects. Practical implications The consideration of higher order impacts (i.e. life satisfaction) is needed when delivering experiences and to entice loyalty and social media apostles. Consumers’ experience connectedness with high-quality perceptions and unique service design are likely to translate to memorable experiences, leading to life satisfaction perceptions. The concept of creating the experience “with” the customer appears to be a key aspect of memorability. Originality/value These results tested aspects of MDL and a typology emerged of ideal types as a modified MDL framework driven by two continua: transactional vs experiential quality and experiences designed “to” vs “with” customers.
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Liu, Jiaqi, Zhenping Zhang, Jiayin Qi, Hong Wu, and Manyi Chen. "Understanding the Impact of Opinion Leaders’ Characteristics on Online Group Knowledge-Sharing Engagement from In-Group and Out-Group Perspectives: Evidence from a Chinese Online Knowledge-Sharing Community." Sustainability 11, no. 16 (August 17, 2019): 4461. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11164461.
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Opinion leaders often play key roles in online knowledge-sharing communities, which has intrigued a lot of researchers and practitioners worldwide. However, it is not clear how various characteristics of opinion leaders may affect different online groups’ knowledge-sharing engagement. This paper aims to answer this question by building upon social capital theory to examine the differential influences of opinion leaders’ characteristics (interactivity, authority, and activity) on online groups. In-groups and out-groups were distinguished, and the study used the context of an investment-oriented online knowledge-sharing community. By leveraging a unique aggregated group-level secondhand dataset collected from Snowball.com, we conducted log-linear and Poisson regression models. The results revealed that the intensity of online group knowledge-sharing engagement was heavily contingent upon the types of characteristics of opinion leaders. We found that in-group knowledge-sharing engagement (generating new knowledge) was driven by an opinion leader’s interactivity and authority, whereas out-group knowledge-sharing engagement (developing new members) could not be facilitated by these types of characteristics. Instead, the opinion leader’s activity hindered out-group users from joining in-groups. The study also identified a “mutual promotion” issue, which was generated from the association between in-group and out-group knowledge-sharing engagement.
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Sahib, Padma Rao, Gerwin Van der Laan, and Hans Van Ees. "The Tide that lifts all boats? Acquisitions and CEO-TMT pay disparity in the Netherlands." Management Decision 56, no. 9 (September 10, 2018): 2038–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/md-08-2017-0804.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine how firm growth, and its decomposition into acquisitive and organic growth, can serve as an antecedent to the disparity in pay between the CEO and other top management team (TMT) members. Design/methodology/approach Drawing on tournament theory, the authors argue that acquisitive and organic growth strategies have different effects on CEO-TMT pay disparity. Findings The authors find that acquisitive growth, measured through the number and size of acquisitions, increases CEO-TMT pay disparity while organic growth has no effect on CEO-TMT pay disparity. Practical implications The findings, based in the context of the Netherlands, imply that boards in their monitoring activity may need to take into account the potential incentive effects of acquisitive activity as CEOs may have a greater motivation to engage in acquisitions than their fellow TMT members. Originality/value This paper contributes to the literature on relative compensation and incentives and the literature on managerial compensation and firm strategy. To investigate the role of firm growth in increasing CEO-TMT pay disparity, the authors adopt a fine-grained approach along two dimensions. First, the authors disaggregate firm growth into organic and acquisition driven firm growth. Second, the authors disaggregate pay disparity in these components.
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Ziębacz, Izabela. "Education on the verge of changes. The process of education in terms of the cybernetic theory of character." Podstawy Edukacji 15 (2022): 189–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.16926/pe.2022.15.13.
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Contemporary change processes in the sphere of education are multi-context and determined by various factors. Undoubtedly, the factor organizing the discussion on the new model of education is the uncertainty related to the shape of the future. This uncertainty is caused by the direction of changes in the area of functioning and development of societies and the emergence of the knowledge-driven economy. These changes, in turn, are the result of the impact of mega trends, including the development of new information and communication technologies (ICT), globalization of various spheres of life, progressive phenomena of socio-economic polarization, cultural changes, acceleration of migration processes, etc. These changes set the framework for processes of education and upbringing generate numerous challenges in educational activity related to fundamental issues: how to teach? by what methods? What kind of results to expect? (Wasyluk et al., 2020). Educational institutions play an important role in this process, including universities, “where self-steering prevails over learning, externally guided” (Laurisz, 2022). M. Mazur’s (CTC) (1976) cybernetic character theory, pioneering on a global scale, is a proposition of a response to these educational challenges. This work is an attempt to use the CTC to identify the parameters of character of the studied students in the field of social work. The proposed solution may support didactic processes by optimally matching the efforts and capabilities of students to the needs of the education process.
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Ukoji, Ukoji V., Ethelbert Okoronkwo, Chukwuechefulam K. Imo, and Chidi S. Mbah. "Civil Registration and Vital Statistics as Sources of Socio-Demographic Data for Good Governance in Nigeria." Nigerian Journal of Sociology and Anthropology 17, no. 1 (June 1, 2019): 102–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.36108/njsa/9102/71(0170).
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Timely and accurate demographic data, resulting from robust Civil Registration and Vital Statistics [CRVS] systems play critical roles in facilitating the realisation of key developmental goals in most countries. A well-functioning CRVS system can afford Nigeria the ambit to gather timely data for evidence-based policy-making. However, just as in many other developing countries, Nigeria’s CRVS framework is plagued by weak institutional linkages resulting to poor quality sociodemographic data. Therefore, this paper focused on the importance of a robust CRVS system as source of quality sociodemographic data in Nigeria, with the objective of situating it within the broader context of good governance. The paper is primarily theoretical and employed the activity theory to examine access to and use of population-based data from the CRVS system for good governance. This paper concludes that the inability to generate actionable and quality population-based data due to Nigeria’s weak CRVS system, as well as non-data driven socioeconomic policies hinders good governance. Therefore, more investments are needed to scale-up Nigeria’s CRVS system and the resulting sociodemographic data should be a priority in driving national policy-making for good governance.
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Nakamura, Noboru, and Da Zhu. "Finite-Amplitude Wave Activity and Diffusive Flux of Potential Vorticity in Eddy–Mean Flow Interaction." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 67, no. 9 (September 1, 2010): 2701–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2010jas3432.1.
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Abstract An exact diagnostic formalism for finite-amplitude eddy–mean flow interaction is developed for barotropic and quasigeostrophic baroclinic flows on the beta plane. Based on the advection–diffusion–reaction equation for potential vorticity (PV), the formalism quantifies both advective and diffusive contributions to the mean flow modification by eddies, of which the latter is the focus of the present article. The present theory adopts a hybrid Eulerian–Lagrangian-mean description of the flow and defines finite-amplitude wave activity in terms of the areal displacement of PV contours from zonal symmetry. Unlike previous formalisms, wave activity is readily calculable from data and the local Eliassen–Palm relation does not involve cubic or higher-order terms in eddy amplitude. This leads to a natural finite-amplitude extension to the local nonacceleration theorem, as well as the global stability theorems, in the inviscid and unforced limit. The formalism incorporates mixing with effective diffusivity of PV, and the diffusive flux of PV is shown to be a sink of wave activity. The relationship between the advective and diffusive fluxes of PV and its implications for parameterization are discussed in the context of wave activity budget. If all momentum associated with wave activity were returned to the zonal-mean flow, a balanced eddy-free flow would ensue. It is shown that this hypothetical flow uREF is unaffected by the advective PV flux and is driven solely by the diffusive PV flux and forcing. For this reason, uREF, rather than the zonal-mean flow, is proposed as a diagnostic for the diffusive mean-flow modification. The formalism is applied to a freely decaying beta-plane turbulence to evaluate the contribution of the diffusive PV flux to the jet formation.
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Russell, Jennifer Lin, Anthony S. Bryk, Jonathan R. Dolle, Louis M. Gomez, Paul G. Lemahieu, and Alicia Grunow. "A Framework for the Initiation of Networked Improvement Communities." Teachers College Record: The Voice of Scholarship in Education 119, no. 5 (May 2017): 1–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/016146811711900501.
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Background/Context Educators around the country are working individually and collectively to improve teaching and learning. Despite marked progress in some places driven by these improvement efforts, overall progress in the education field has been slow and outcomes remain highly variable. This is partly because the field is not organized to learn systematically, accumulate, and disseminate the practical knowledge needed for the improvement of teaching and learning. Purpose/Objective This paper explores the initiation of a social structure to organize collaborative improvement work: the networked improvement community (or NIC). NICs are highly structured, intentionally formed collaborations among education professionals, researchers, and designers that aim to address a high leverage practical problem. We focus on NIC initiation, because of the challenges associated with launching improvement networks. Research Design Drawing on analysis of case studies of network initiation and theory on network initiation and the NIC concept, we posit an organizing framework for describing the process of NIC initiation. Findings/Results The NIC initiation framework specifies five domains of activity that we hypothesize are critical to launching a NIC. These domains attend to: developing a theory of practice improvement; building a measurement and analytics infrastructure; learning and using improvement research methods; leading, organizing, and operating the network; and fostering the emergence of culture, norms, and identity consistent with network aims. We illustrate these five domains with examples from a set of case studies of network initiation that we utilized as a way to test and further elaborate the framework. Conclusions/Recommendations A firm foundation for network initiation is laid through the strategic actions of a network initiation team. By attending to the five domains of activity specified in our framework, initiation teams can catalyze the development of an organizational structure that allows educators to accelerate learning from practice and building a professional knowledge base that enables the field to tackle complex educational problems.
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Taher, Halgurd, Alessandro Torcini, and Simona Olmi. "Exact neural mass model for synaptic-based working memory." PLOS Computational Biology 16, no. 12 (December 15, 2020): e1008533. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1008533.
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A synaptic theory of Working Memory (WM) has been developed in the last decade as a possible alternative to the persistent spiking paradigm. In this context, we have developed a neural mass model able to reproduce exactly the dynamics of heterogeneous spiking neural networks encompassing realistic cellular mechanisms for short-term synaptic plasticity. This population model reproduces the macroscopic dynamics of the network in terms of the firing rate and the mean membrane potential. The latter quantity allows us to gain insight of the Local Field Potential and electroencephalographic signals measured during WM tasks to characterize the brain activity. More specifically synaptic facilitation and depression integrate each other to efficiently mimic WM operations via either synaptic reactivation or persistent activity. Memory access and loading are related to stimulus-locked transient oscillations followed by a steady-state activity in the β-γ band, thus resembling what is observed in the cortex during vibrotactile stimuli in humans and object recognition in monkeys. Memory juggling and competition emerge already by loading only two items. However more items can be stored in WM by considering neural architectures composed of multiple excitatory populations and a common inhibitory pool. Memory capacity depends strongly on the presentation rate of the items and it maximizes for an optimal frequency range. In particular we provide an analytic expression for the maximal memory capacity. Furthermore, the mean membrane potential turns out to be a suitable proxy to measure the memory load, analogously to event driven potentials in experiments on humans. Finally we show that the γ power increases with the number of loaded items, as reported in many experiments, while θ and β power reveal non monotonic behaviours. In particular, β and γ rhythms are crucially sustained by the inhibitory activity, while the θ rhythm is controlled by excitatory synapses.
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Law, Rebecca-Jane, Lynne Williams, Joseph Langley, Christopher Burton, Beth Hall, Julia Hiscock, Val Morrison, et al. "‘Function First—Be Active, Stay Independent’—promoting physical activity and physical function in people with long-term conditions by primary care: a protocol for a realist synthesis with embedded co-production and co-design." BMJ Open 10, no. 2 (February 2020): e035686. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-035686.
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IntroductionPeople with long-term conditions typically have reduced physical functioning, are less physically active and therefore become less able to live independently and do the things they enjoy. However, assessment and promotion of physical function and physical activity is not part of routine management in primary care. This project aims to develop evidence-based recommendations about how primary care can best help people to become more physically active in order to maintain and improve their physical function, thus promoting independence.Methods and analysisThis study takes a realist synthesis approach, following RAMESES guidance, with embedded co-production and co-design. Stage 1 will develop initial programme theories about physical activity and physical function for people with long-term conditions, based on a review of the scientific and grey literature, and two multisector stakeholder workshops using LEGO® SERIOUS PLAY®. Stage 2 will involve focused literature searching, data extraction and synthesis to provide evidence to support or refute the initial programme theories. Searches for evidence will focus on physical activity interventions involving the assessment of physical function which are relevant to primary care. We will describe ‘what works’, ‘for whom’ and ‘in what circumstances’ and develop conjectured programme theories using context, mechanism and outcome configurations. Stage 3 will test and refine these theories through individual stakeholder interviews. The resulting theory-driven recommendations will feed into Stage 4 which will involve three sequential co-design stakeholder workshops in which practical ideas for service innovation in primary care will be developed.Ethics and disseminationHealthcare and Medical Sciences Academic Ethics Committee (Reference 2018-16308) and NHS Wales Research Ethics Committee 5 approval (References 256 729 and 262726) have been obtained. A knowledge mobilisation event will address issues relevant to wider implementation of the intervention and study findings. Findings will be disseminated through peer-reviewed journal publications, conference presentations and formal and informal reports.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42018103027.
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Castro, Luciana. "Strategizing across boundaries: revisiting knowledge brokering activities in French innovation clusters." Journal of Knowledge Management 19, no. 5 (September 14, 2015): 1048–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jkm-02-2015-0050.
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Purpose – Cooperative relationships between actors located in the same geographical area that are economically independent and culturally distinct are the heart of functioning innovation clusters. This can slow down the creation of common innovation projects, particularly in French innovation clusters where cooperation is influenced by the governmental financing devoted to this system. This research focuses on knowledge brokering activities implemented in this inter-organizational context, showing how they cross knowledge boundaries, structure cooperative dynamics and participate in common strategy-making. The mobilization of the strategy as practice theory allows for an in-depth analysis, shedding light on various practices, resources and practitioners related to the brokering activities taking place within an innovation cluster in Paris. Findings show a widespread development of brokering activities that emerges from cluster governance unit to its networks according to a reflexive relationship progressive structured over time. Design/methodology/approach – This research is based on a longitudinal exploratory analysis of the Parisian cluster Advancity. To capture its organizational dynamics, two databases of the cluster (focused on innovation projects and integration of members), 24 power point files presented to negotiate strategy and 13 interviews with managers and members of the cluster were used. The whole data was triangulated and generated categories of data that can be compared with the concepts of the literature on innovation clusters (governance), brokering activities (knowledge access, learning, networking and implementation) and strategy-making (recursive process and adaptation of the strategy). Findings – The analysis shows the effects of each type of brokering activities on strategy-making across knowledge and organizational boundaries. The practices of implementation activity initially absent from the cluster become, in its mature phase, one of the central activities. Moreover, all the brokering activities are initially handled by the managers of the cluster and progressively are extended to their members, then becoming a widespread activity within the internal networks. The maturation of these practices goes together with the maturation of its own cluster. The practice of experimentation particularly affects brokering activities and produces learning and networking effects within the cluster. Practical implications – From a managerial point of view, considering the organization of the clusters as a constellation of communities of practice (Wenger, 1998) emphasizes that the knowledge brokerage activities can be extended and delayed within each community that makes up the organization. A top-down approach could therefore suffocate the network. It would be interesting to develop this research approach in future work and complete this research by reinforcing microscopic analysis enabled, for example, by tracking a small number of innovation projects during their lifecycle. Social implications – The empirical foundation proposed in this research strengthens the scientific nature of the theory of the activity that is itself integrated in the perspective of the practice (Seidl et al., 2006). The multilevel approach and wealth of the mobilized and analysed empirical data allowed making more visible how a social activity builds itself, develops and creates aperture effects on the strategy driven by innovation at the intersection of different boundaries. Originality/value – The results of this research provide a theoretical contribution in that they allow to revisit the classification of the activities of a knowledge broker (Hargadon 1998, 2005) in a new organizational context representative of the knowledge-based innovation (Amin and Cohendet, 2004). They are also contributing to the current emerging from the knowledge-based view of clusters (Bahlmann and Huysman, 2008; Arikan, 2009) by mobilizing the theory of the practice (Whittington, 2006; Jarzabkowski, 2005). This perspective helps to discern a particular form of strategy-making within the clusters.
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Lipkin, Michaela, and Kristina Heinonen. "Customer ecosystems: exploring how ecosystem actors shape customer experience." Journal of Services Marketing 36, no. 9 (March 18, 2022): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jsm-03-2021-0080.
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Purpose This study aims to characterize how ecosystem actors shape customer experience (CX). The study also proposes implications for managers and research regarding the customer ecosystem, its actors and actor constellations in the context of CXs. Design/methodology/approach A qualitative study is conducted among activity tracker users to identify how actors within their ecosystems shape CXs. Data include 28 in-depth interviews and ten self-reported diaries. Findings This study delineates six actor categories in the customer ecosystem shaping CX within and beyond the service. The number of actors and their importance to the focal customer in various actor constellations form individual-, brand- and socially driven ecosystems. These customer ecosystem types show how actors combine to drive CXs. Research limitations/implications Researchers should shift their attention to experiences emerging in the customer’s lifeworld. A customer ecosystem highlights the customer-centered actor configuration emergent within the customer’s lifeworld. It is self-constructed based on the customer’s reference point. Practical implications Managers should aim to locate, monitor and join the customer’s lifeworld to gain more insight into how CXs emerge in the customer ecosystem based on customer logic. Social implications Customers are not isolated actors simply experiencing service; rather, they construct idiosyncratic actor constellations that include various providers, social groups and peers. Originality/value This paper extends the theory on CXs by illustrating how the various actors and actor constellations forming the customer ecosystem shape CXs.
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Palermo, Tonya Mizell. "Assessment of Chronic Pain in Children: Current Status and Emerging Topics." Pain Research and Management 14, no. 1 (2009): 21–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2009/236426.
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The present paper reviews the current status of research on assessment of chronic pain in children and adolescents, primarily in the context of treatment outcome research. Two specific primary aims are addressed. First, the degree of attention devoted to several major domains of chronic pain assessment (pain, physical functioning, role functioning, sleep and emotional functioning) is summarized, highlighting areas where further instrument development and validation are needed. Second, sensitivity of instruments within these domains is presented using data from clinical trials of psychological therapies aimed at treatment of chronic pain in children and adolescents. Findings demonstrate that although there has been recent progress in developing and validating a range of measures of pain-related outcomes, as of yet, very few clinical trials have included any outcomes other than pain intensity. Moreover, in randomized controlled trials where physical, role or emotional functioning outcomes have been included, there have been limited positive findings. The present paper lists some challenges and future directions in assessment of physical and role functioning, including highlighting emerging methodologies for assessment of physical activity and function in children with chronic pain. Clinical implications of integrating assessment tools into clinical practice are discussed. In conclusion, progress in developing and validating specific tools to assess important outcome domains in chronic pain has been realized. Opportunities exist for further measurement validation in most domains, and further theory-driven treatment research to match goals of the treatment with specific interventions and outcomes.
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Tofik, Mirzayeva Aynura. "Development of students' self-educatıon under condıtıons of ınformatızatıon of Educatıon." Scientific bulletin of South Ukrainian National Pedagogical University named after K. D. Ushynsky 2021, no. 4 (137) (December 30, 2021): 52–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.24195/2617-6688-2021-4-7.
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Socio-economic and technological changes arising in connection with the transition to information society require the modernization of the existing education system and the revision of the attention given to self-education. Research in this area helps to clarify the theory of self-education, personal development, the use of information technology in the educational process. In the context of informatization of education, the development of students' self-education activities changes the structure and content of education, stimulates the formation and development of each individual's abilities, allows the individual to choose the path of learning. It is important to ensure the innovative self-learning environment of the university, the integration of pedagogical and information technologies combined with a single idea in the educational process, the organization of the educational process in the interests of graduates to form their own development and self-realization needs. In accordance with the set goal, the following main objectives of the study were identified: 1) to determine the degree of problem development and the socio-historical preconditions for the development of students' self-education activities in the context of informatization of education; 2) to determine the conditions of pedagogical expediency of the use of information technology tools, as well as the regularities affecting the development of self-education activities of students; 3) to theoretically substantiate the motivation- and activity-driven approach that determines the development strategy of students' self-education activities in the context of informatization of education; 4) to develop and theoretically substantiate the pedagogical concept on the development of students' self-education activities in the context of informatization of education; 5) to develop a model for the development of students' self-education activities in the context of informatization of education, to identify examples and to substantiate the technology; 6) to discover the opportunities of an innovative self-education environment at the university and create optimal conditions for the development of students' self-education. Informatization of education, without changing the nature of self-education activities, enriches the teaching process with the methodology of optimal use of information technology, changes the methods and ways to achieve the ultimate goal and helps to create favorable conditions for successful individual development. The development of students' self-education takes place under the influence of a specially organized innovative self-education environment, which ensures the formation of necessary knowledge and self-education skills related to the self-development motivation, forms and methods of self-education and self-education. In our research work, these issues have been broadly interpreted. The main objective of the study is to examine the role of ICT in the development of self-education of students.
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Chen, Daipeng, Zary Forghany, Xinxin Liu, Haijiang Wang, Roeland M. H. Merks, and David A. Baker. "A new model of Notch signalling: Control of Notch receptor cis-inhibition via Notch ligand dimers." PLOS Computational Biology 19, no. 1 (January 20, 2023): e1010169. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1010169.
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All tissue development and replenishment relies upon the breaking of symmetries leading to the morphological and operational differentiation of progenitor cells into more specialized cells. One of the main engines driving this process is the Notch signal transduction pathway, a ubiquitous signalling system found in the vast majority of metazoan cell types characterized to date. Broadly speaking, Notch receptor activity is governed by a balance between two processes: 1) intercellular Notch transactivation triggered via interactions between receptors and ligands expressed in neighbouring cells; 2) intracellular cis inhibition caused by ligands binding to receptors within the same cell. Additionally, recent reports have also unveiled evidence of cis activation. Whilst context-dependent Notch receptor clustering has been hypothesized, to date, Notch signalling has been assumed to involve an interplay between receptor and ligand monomers. In this study, we demonstrate biochemically, through a mutational analysis of DLL4, both in vitro and in tissue culture cells, that Notch ligands can efficiently self-associate. We found that the membrane proximal EGF-like repeat of DLL4 was necessary and sufficient to promote oligomerization/dimerization. Mechanistically, our experimental evidence supports the view that DLL4 ligand dimerization is specifically required for cis-inhibition of Notch receptor activity. To further substantiate these findings, we have adapted and extended existing ordinary differential equation-based models of Notch signalling to take account of the ligand dimerization-dependent cis-inhibition reported here. Our new model faithfully recapitulates our experimental data and improves predictions based upon published data. Collectively, our work favours a model in which net output following Notch receptor/ligand binding results from ligand monomer-driven Notch receptor transactivation (and cis activation) counterposed by ligand dimer-mediated cis-inhibition.
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Chen, Xi, Andrew F. Neuwald, Leena Hilakivi-Clarke, Robert Clarke, and Jianhua Xuan. "ChIP-GSM: Inferring active transcription factor modules to predict functional regulatory elements." PLOS Computational Biology 17, no. 7 (July 22, 2021): e1009203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1009203.
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Transcription factors (TFs) often function as a module including both master factors and mediators binding at cis-regulatory regions to modulate nearby gene transcription. ChIP-seq profiling of multiple TFs makes it feasible to infer functional TF modules. However, when inferring TF modules based on co-localization of ChIP-seq peaks, often many weak binding events are missed, especially for mediators, resulting in incomplete identification of modules. To address this problem, we develop a ChIP-seq data-driven Gibbs Sampler to infer Modules (ChIP-GSM) using a Bayesian framework that integrates ChIP-seq profiles of multiple TFs. ChIP-GSM samples read counts of module TFs iteratively to estimate the binding potential of a module to each region and, across all regions, estimates the module abundance. Using inferred module-region probabilistic bindings as feature units, ChIP-GSM then employs logistic regression to predict active regulatory elements. Validation of ChIP-GSM predicted regulatory regions on multiple independent datasets sharing the same context confirms the advantage of using TF modules for predicting regulatory activity. In a case study of K562 cells, we demonstrate that the ChIP-GSM inferred modules form as groups, activate gene expression at different time points, and mediate diverse functional cellular processes. Hence, ChIP-GSM infers biologically meaningful TF modules and improves the prediction accuracy of regulatory region activities.
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Leunis, Sofie, Marieke Vandecruys, Véronique Cornelissen, Amaryllis H. Van Craenenbroeck, Sabina De Geest, Diethard Monbaliu, and Stefan De Smet. "Physical Activity Behaviour in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients: Proposal of Theory-Driven Physical Activity Interventions." Kidney and Dialysis 2, no. 2 (June 7, 2022): 298–329. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/kidneydial2020029.
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Physical inactivity is highly prevalent after solid organ transplantation and leads to unfavourable outcomes. This review aimed to understand posttransplant physical activity behaviour and propose physical activity interventions. Michie’s Behavioural Change Wheel was applied, in which the Context and Implementation of Complex Interventions framework, the Capability-Opportunity-Motivation and Behaviour model, and the Theoretical Domains Framework were embedded. Various contextual factors were found to modulate physical activity behaviour. Promising strategies to promote long-term physical activity included (i) tailoring of physical activity programs to patients’ abilities and preferences; (ii) incitement of intrinsic and autonomous motivation to change; (iii) SMART goals setting (e.g., Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Realistic, Timebound), (iv) autonomy-supportive co-design of action plans; (v) foster new habit formation; (vi) self-monitoring of physical activity; (vii) follow-up opportunities for evaluation and adjustment; (viii) education of transplant recipients, healthcare providers, and the patients’ social network; (iv) improvement of self-efficacy through incremental successes, verbal persuasion, peer modelling, and awareness of exercise-related bodily signals; (x) providing physical activity opportunity within patients’ social and environmental setting; (xi) encouragement and support from patients’ social network and healthcare providers; and (xii) governmental action that alleviates financial barriers and restructures the physical environment to promote physical activity. These new insights may contribute to physical activity program development for transplantation recipients.
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Jane, Vosper, D. Clin Psy, Michael Evangeli, Clin Psy D, John Porter, and Farrukh Shah. "Psychological Factors Associated With Episodic Oral Chelation Adherence In Thalassaemia." Blood 122, no. 21 (November 15, 2013): 4706. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v122.21.4706.4706.
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Objectives Beta-Thalassaemia-Major is a life-long genetic haemoglobin disorder where patients require intensive regimens, including frequent blood transfusions and daily chelation therapy. Despite the introduction of oral chelators, non-adherence continues to be prevalent. Understanding psychosocial correlates of chelation adherence is important when considering potential interventions to improve adherence as they may be potentially modifiable. Previous studies of the relationships between psychosocial factors and chelation adherence have neither been theory driven nor assessed theoretically important variables such as self-efficacy and outcome expectancies. In addition, there has been little investigation of situational determinants of adherence (cognitive, behavioural or affective). This study, informed by the Health Action Process Approach, investigated within-participant correlates of oral chelation adherence on a daily (episodic) basis. Design The study used a within-participant cross sectional design. Thirty seven adult participants with Beta-Thalassaemia Major were recruited from clinics at two hospitals, of which 31 were able to identify an adherent and non-adherent episode within the last two months. Sampling was systematic. Main outcome measures A structured interview was developed to assess cognitive, behavioural and affective situational variables related to recent adherent and non-adherent episodes. The main cognitive variables (situational self-efficacy and outcome expectancies) were derived from The Health Action Process Approach (HAPA). Behavioural situation variables included substance use, day of the week, activity, location, access to medication, reminder cues and social context. Affective situational variables were mood and bodily pain. Results Positive outcome expectancies and higher self-efficacy together significantly predicted adherent episodes (p<0.001), however, only self-efficacy independently predicted adherent episodes (β=-.0.26, SE=0.11, p=0.018). This relationship persisted when potentially confounding behavioural factors were controlled (difficulty in accessing medication, location and whether alone) (See Table 1). Conclusion Findings were consistent with the HAPA and suggested the importance of situational cognitive factors, particularly self-efficacy, to chelation adherence. These findings add to the evidence of the effect of self-efficacy on medication adherence across medical conditions and extend previous work in emphasising situational variation in self-efficacy. Adherence interventions should consider situational variables (cognitive and behavioural) that are potentially modifiable. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Rocks, Eddie, and Peter Lavender. "Exploring transformative journeys through a higher education programme in a further education college." Education + Training 60, no. 6 (July 9, 2018): 584–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/et-02-2018-0047.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to understand the experiences of students undertaking higher education in a further education setting in the UK. Since the 1960s, there has been a policy commitment in the UK to widen participation in education to social groups previously under-represented (Thompson, 2000; Burke, 2012). The consequence is a discourse in which it is argued that higher education has been “dumbed down” to include non-traditional students frequently ill-prepared for academic challenges (Haggis, 2006). This research explored an alternative discourse, proposing that education should be a catalyst for significant social, emotional and intellectual growth, culminating in a transformative experience (Mezirow, 1978a, 1991; Cranton, 2006). Design/methodology/approach In total, 12 non-traditional graduates from a full-time BA programme at a Scottish College of Further and Higher Education were interviewed to determine if graduates experienced significant social, emotional and intellectual growth as a result of participation; what teaching and learning settings make this possible; can it be proposed that graduates can be transformed by the experience of higher education in further education? Findings The findings of the research indicate that the participants all experienced some significant shift in attributes such as confidence, independence and willingness to try new things. How they experience, conceptualise and participate in their social worlds has become more discriminating. The authors conclude by proposing that higher education in further education (HE in FE) can have the potential to provide transformative experiences for non-traditional students. Research limitations/implications The implications of this study lie as much in the nature of the transformative learning experience as in the structures in which education is provided. Additionally, it is proposed that transformative teaching and learning theory may be as significant now as it ever was in understanding the changes which learners experience in higher education study. Limitations of the study include the small number of interviewees who were interviewed more than once in some depth, and the particular setting of one further education college. As in all such research generalisation might be difficult. Practical implications Practically, the research suggests that the authors can learn from how students like the ones featured in the transformation stories experience learning in HE in FE. Despite being seen as “non-traditional” students who return to education with weak learning histories and fragile learner identities, the research has shown that if a nurturing, student-centred approach is adopted by teaching staff, a significant shift in how students see themselves and their place in the world can be achieved. This has significant implications for teaching practice. The findings could be an inspiration and guiding principle for other HE in FE tutors and help them find commonalities in their own work. Social implications The authors argue that education should not be regarded only as an economic-driven activity insofar as most HE in FE programmes are vocational and are geared towards preparation for the workplace. The authors’ key proposition is that education can be a life changing experience that might be considered a transformation. The social implication is that participating in HE in FE could be a catalyst for the development of confident and engaged citizens, ready to make a real contribution to the social world beyond and out-with only the workplace. Within a Freirean framework, this might be transformative education’s most significant contribution to society. Originality/value Transformative learning theory research has mostly been undertaken in informal learning contexts and higher education institutions. There has also been research undertaken on diverse contexts not immediately related to education. In terms of empirical research, however, transformation learning theory in HE in FE is yet unexplored. Yet, it is an ideal learning site to promote transformation because of the relatively small, intimate milieu, typical of colleges. The originality lies in the paucity of other research focused on transformation in an FE context. The value lies in its showing that particular teaching approaches can transform students in this context.
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Ņikiforova, Oksana, Vitaly Zabiniako, Jurijs Kornienko, Madara Gasparoviča-Asīte, and Amanda Siliņa. "Mapping of Source and Target Data for Application to Machine Learning Driven Discovery of IS Usability Problems." Applied Computer Systems 26, no. 1 (May 1, 2021): 22–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/acss-2021-0003.
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Abstract Improving IS (Information System) end-user experience is one of the most important tasks in the analysis of end-users behaviour, evaluation and identification of its improvement potential. However, the application of Machine Learning methods for the UX (User Experience) usability and effic iency improvement is not widely researched. In the context of the usability analysis, the information about behaviour of end-users could be used as an input, while in the output data the focus should be made on non-trivial or difficult attention-grabbing events and scenarios. The goal of this paper is to identify which data potentially can serve as an input for Machine Learning methods (and accordingly graph theory, transformation methods, etc.), to define dependency between these data and desired output, which can help to apply Machine Learning / graph algorithms to user activity records.
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Nixon JP Teis and Christo J Els. "Knowledge, competencies and dispositions of lecturers in Technical Engineering in the context of advancing 4IR technologies." Journal of Vocational, Adult and Continuing Education and Training 4, no. 1 (November 30, 2021): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.14426/jovacet.v4i1.186.
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The advent of the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) affirms that the transformation and advancement of all industries and society are progressively driven by emergent and rapidly changing technologies. In order to help establish a technologically literate society, it is crucial for lecturers in Technical Engineering to stay abreast of the latest trends and technological advancements in their area of specialisation. This article reports on the findings of a sub-section of a nationwide survey that collected data from lecturers in Technical Engineering at 52 TVET college campuses across South Africa (n = 577) that offer TVET Engineering Study programmes. The purpose of the survey was to profile TVET Engineering Study lecturers’ knowledge and pedagogical practices in engineering programmes across South Africa. The sub-section of the survey specifically probed the participants’ awareness and understanding of discipline-specific technological advancements and digital educational enterprises, and also the potential impact of these on teaching technical subjects. The findings show that 52,3% (n = 302) of the participating lecturers in Technical Engineering are unaware of any technological advancements in their area of specialisation and that they do not know what the potential impact of this might be on future technical training. When Engeström’s Cultural Historical Activity Theory (CHAT model) is applied to the activity systems that are involved, the underlying tension between these systems is revealed. This article examines the possible implications of these findings for the renewal of the Technical Engineering curriculum, considering that these lecturers demonstrate limited awareness of the technological advancements needed to participate effectively in the 4IR era.
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Hula, Yevhen, and Alla Osadcha. "Features of the impact of design on the progress of humanity." Aspects of Historical Musicology 21, no. 21 (March 10, 2020): 8–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.34064/khnum2-21.01.
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Background. Within the framework of art-historical discourse, the peculiarities of the influence of design developments and concepts on progress of humanity are considered. Researchers offer ambiguous estimates of this phenomenon, discussions are lasting and different opinions on the issues of influence of design on technological and cultural progress of human society are putting forward. The aim of the paper is to systematize and generalize scientific concepts about the design role in the society progress. Novelty of the research consisting in synthesis of information on features of development of design for the last years in various spheres of culture and social practice defines its practical significance: the Ukrainian educators and art critics can consider the information contained in the article useful to develop new strategy of training in bases of design to non-specialist students. Methodology. Major publications and monographs on the subject have been reviewed. It has been found that terminological judgment of design began with the middle of the XX century, first, within postmodern paradigm. The design as a component of culture correlates with cultural and art traditions, philosophy, ecology and other areas of public and humanitarian knowledge. Hence, the study of the role of design in ensuring progress provides for the wide use of theoretical and methodological tools not only of design theory, but also of other disciplines: art history, cultural studies, social psychology, aesthetics, ecology, etc. The design is considered both as universal and as a national phenomenon. The definitions of design in the works of a number of domestic and foreign authors in the context of its cultural-creative influence are compared. The analysis of design in its connection with artistic creativity is carried out. The components of contemporary design art are determined, the characteristic to the newest manifestations of design is given. Results. The design represents the hierarchical structure expressed by means of а material, space and balance of proportions, contrasts, repetitions (in ornaments, etc.), scale and a form, a size, a color and density, texture and weight, and other. It is possible to consider culture of design as the huge multilayered text, which is written down by different ways in different spheres of culture and art. However the dilemma “art or production” in the sphere of design is inevitable. Design is directly involved in technical progress in material culture and uses the art of planning, invention, modeling as a method, also introducing new object forms (see, for example, Vershinin & Melentyev, 2005: 1001). The design role in culture is connected with creation of esthetically perfect fine environment. At the same time, it is differentiated essentially depending on the region of the world. So, design creativity is reasonably considered a manifestation of project activities and project culture of the 20th century. However, the progressive function of design at the beginning of the 21st century is that design is becoming a way to bridge the gap between technical civilization and spiritual culture, and design projecting is becoming a way of harmonizing human life in a modern environment. The importance of design for the progress of humankind is clearly demonstrated by the modern ecological direction, one of the components of the international movement of “green” design, namely, “environmental” design. This concept implies the creation of products that are compatible with the environment, the reduction and complete elimination of the negative impact on nature through the use of alternative resources and energy, as well as non-toxic materials. Ideally, the design should be in line with the “3R” ecological principle: reduce, reuse, and recycle. The value of design for progress in art can be understood, having only tracked integration of painting, architecture, industrial and graphic design and having seen what the role in tangled process of creation of design is played by contents and a form, which also are the expression of the thought, the point of view and social responsibility of the designers. It is also important to emphasize the role of the designer’s profession, because for many artists design and art is a cultural mission, where life and work are inseparable. Judgments of design in art are formed, proceeding from two types of estimates: symbolical, or associative (external), and formal (internal). Symbolical estimates are mostly subjective and have no relation to design or art per se, being most often based on a habit, rumors, others thought, personal factors, prejudices, misunderstanding, that is on social, psychological, political, financial and even religious factors. Internal assessments concern an esthetics and actually design (appearance of the work of art, its visual quality) regardless of what it personifies. If external estimates belong to contents, then internal – to beauty. The latter is difficult to measure it and here such factors as talent, erudition, taste, susceptibility, experience and visual feeling matter. When determining a role of design in art, it is also necessary to remember that the principles of laconicism, laws of color, a rhythm and even plot equally work in any material, these fundamentals exist out of time, space, the state, school or style. To resume, human progress is largely driven by the positive influences of design concepts. Summarizing the views of Ukrainian and foreign researchers, it can be argued that design as a type of purposeful creative activity of mankind contributes to progress, since: 1) provides support for the development of civilization by creating new and improving known man-made objects; 2) creates an optimal human environment in order to achieve maximum comfort of his existence; 3) contributes to the formation of creative personality traits, its purposeful activity, which is one of the main social tasks. Design acts as an universal phenomenon, which covers different spheres of human activity, being, at the same time, the factor of socio-cultural communication and the basis for personality realization. As the socio-cultural phenomenon, it correlates with understanding of the person as source of intrinsic forces acting like the harmony catalyst in space.
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Volloch, Vladimir, and Sophia Rits-Volloch. "Alzheimer’s Disease is Driven by Beta-Amyloid Generated in the Amyloid Precursor Protein-Independent Pathway and Retained Intraneuronally: Research and Therapeutic Strategies in a New AD Paradigm." Annals of Integrative Molecular Medicine 2, no. 1 (March 1, 2019): 176–230. http://dx.doi.org/10.33597/aimm.-v2-id1010.
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Abstract The present article describes a New Paradigm of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In the Old Paradigm, formalized in the Amyloid Cascade Hypothesis (ACH) theory of AD, beta amyloid (Aβ) is produced, both in health and disease, solely in the amyloid precursor protein (βAPP) proteolytic/secretory pathway. Two βAPP cleavages are involved. First cleavage, by beta-secretase (Beta-site APP Cleaving Enzyme, BACE) between Met671 and Asp672 (numbering according to the βAPP770 isoform), generates the C-terminal fragment of βAPP (C99, reflecting the number of its amino acid residues) and forms the N-terminus of Aβ. Subsequent second cleavage of C99 by gamma-secretase (gamma-site βAPP cleaving enzyme) forms the C-terminus of Aβ, completes its production, and coincides with its secretion. The overproduction of Aβ results in its extracellular accumulation commencing early in life. This triggers a cascade of molecular and cellular events, including formation of neurofibrillary tangles, which results in neurodegeneration. When the extent of neurodegeneration reaches critical levels, symptoms of the disease are manifested. In this Paradigm, Alzheimer’s disorder is a quintessential “slow” disease. The ACH clearly defined therapeutic targets, which included key events of βAPP proteolysis as well as secreted extracellular Aβ. Eventually, a number of candidate AD drugs, highly effective in animal model systems, was developed. Of those, especially successful were inhibitors of beta-sectretase that not only prevented the emergence of AD symptoms, but also reversed them when administered after symptomatic manifestation of the disease in animal models. At this point, there was every reason to hope that a solution to the Alzheimer’s problem is at hand; this, however proved not to be the case. Both the Old and the New Paradigms share the common point of departure, namely that the overproduction of beta-amyloid is the causative basis of AD. The rest of the notions of the New Paradigm are distinctly different from those of the Old one. Formulation of the New Paradigm theory of Alzheimer’s disease was necessitated by the analysis of results of massive human clinical trials of candidate AD drugs that performed outstandingly in animal studies. They all failed in human trials as spectacularly as they succeeded in animal studies. Or did they? Whereas they indeed showed no efficacy whatsoever, they performed perfectly within confines of their design and purpose. For example, a BACE inhibitor verubecestat penetrated the brain of AD patients, greatly inhibited βAPP cleavage, and strongly suppressed extracellular levels of Aβ. It did all this with the same efficiency it exhibited in animal studies, where it indisputably succeeded in mitigating symptoms of the disease. Why did it fail to do so in human clinical trials? This failure, apparently inexplicable within the confines of the ACH, seems as good an occasion as any to apply the central dictum of Sherlock Holmes: “... when you eliminated the impossible, whatever remains, however improbable, must be the truth”. In the case under discussion, after the elimination of the “impossible”, including elements of the ACH, and provided that Alzheimer’s disease is indeed caused by the overproduction of Aβ, a notion strongly supported by experimental data, the “however improbable”, which is consistent with the outcomes of human clinical trials of AD candidate drugs, is the following. 1. In addition to the βAPP proteolytic/secretory process, in Alzheimer’s disease in humans, Aβ is also produced in the βAPP-independent pathway. This pathway is active only in AD patients. It does not operate in animals and healthy humans. 2. The output of the βAPP-independent Aβ generation pathway is retained intraneuronally, and it is this pool of intraneuronal beta-amyloid that causes and sustains Alzheimer’s disease. These notions constitute the core of the New Paradigm theory of AD. Several mechanisms are capable of achieving the above. They include: RNA-dependent βAPP mRNA amplification, a process implicated in overproduction of specific proteins in mammalian cells; the internal initiation of transcription within the human βAPP gene; cleavage within βAPP mRNA; the internal initiation of translation within βAPP mRNA. Conceptually, in the context of the present article, the nature of the mechanism generating Aβ independently of βAPP is not important; in every case, identical therapeutic strategies would be indicated. All potential mechanisms of βAPP-independent Aβ generation share several common features. (a) In each case, the expression of a crucial component(s) required for activation of a specific mechanism is induced by the integrated stress response (ISR) elicited via OMA1-DELE1- HRI signaling pathway activated by mitochondrial dysfunction triggered by over-the-threshold levels of βAPP-derived Aβ accumulated intracellularly through cellular uptake of secreted Aβ as well as by retention of a fraction of beta-amyloid produced in the βAPP proteolytic pathway. (b) In every potential mechanism of βAPP-independent Aβ generation, translation initiates at the AUG normally encoding Met671 of βAPP and results in C100, i.e. N-terminal Met-containing C99, which is subsequently cleaved by gamma-secretase to produce Aβ (or Met-Aβ). (c) N-terminal Met of C100 is removed post- rather than co-translationally. Therefore a steady-state population of C100 and, possibly, of N-terminal Met-containing Aβ should occur within human neuronal cells with the activated βAPP-independent Aβ production pathway; their detection would provide irrefutable proof of operation of the pathway. (d) The Aβ (or Met-Aβ) output of every potential mechanism is retained intraneuronally. (e) Once activated, every potential βAPP-independent mechanism would, through generation of intraneuronally retained Aβ, sustain mitochondrial dysfunction and support the activity of the OMA1-DELE1-HRI signaling pathway, which, in turn, will promote, via elicitation of the ISR, the operation of the βAPP-independent Aβ production pathway. These self-perpetuating {βAPP-independent generation of intracellularly retained Aβ}/{mitochondrial dysfunction} mutual feedback cycles constitute the “Engine” that drives Alzheimer’s disease. The life- long accumulation of intraneuronal βAPP-derived Aβ to critical levels, sufficient to trigger mitochondrial dysfunction, plays the role of a starter motor in getting car engine moving in a self-sustainable manner. Only when the AD “Engine” is activated does the disease commence. In the New Paradigm, therefore, Alzheimer’s disorder is a “fast” disease that can be treated and cured at the symptomatic stages. The present article proposes conceptually novel research and therapeutic strategies and suggests that BACE activation (yes, activation!) could be a valid approach in AD therapy.
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Volloch, Vladimir, and Sophia Rits-Volloch. "Alzheimer’s Disease is Driven by Beta-Amyloid Generated in the Amyloid Precursor Protein-Independent Pathway and Retained Intraneuronally: Research and Therapeutic Strategies in a New AD Paradigm." Annals of Integrative Molecular Medicine 2, no. 1 (March 1, 2019): 176–230. http://dx.doi.org/10.33597/aimm.-v2-id1010.
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Abstract The present article describes a New Paradigm of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In the Old Paradigm, formalized in the Amyloid Cascade Hypothesis (ACH) theory of AD, beta amyloid (Aβ) is produced, both in health and disease, solely in the amyloid precursor protein (βAPP) proteolytic/secretory pathway. Two βAPP cleavages are involved. First cleavage, by beta-secretase (Beta-site APP Cleaving Enzyme, BACE) between Met671 and Asp672 (numbering according to the βAPP770 isoform), generates the C-terminal fragment of βAPP (C99, reflecting the number of its amino acid residues) and forms the N-terminus of Aβ. Subsequent second cleavage of C99 by gamma-secretase (gamma-site βAPP cleaving enzyme) forms the C-terminus of Aβ, completes its production, and coincides with its secretion. The overproduction of Aβ results in its extracellular accumulation commencing early in life. This triggers a cascade of molecular and cellular events, including formation of neurofibrillary tangles, which results in neurodegeneration. When the extent of neurodegeneration reaches critical levels, symptoms of the disease are manifested. In this Paradigm, Alzheimer’s disorder is a quintessential “slow” disease. The ACH clearly defined therapeutic targets, which included key events of βAPP proteolysis as well as secreted extracellular Aβ. Eventually, a number of candidate AD drugs, highly effective in animal model systems, was developed. Of those, especially successful were inhibitors of beta-sectretase that not only prevented the emergence of AD symptoms, but also reversed them when administered after symptomatic manifestation of the disease in animal models. At this point, there was every reason to hope that a solution to the Alzheimer’s problem is at hand; this, however proved not to be the case. Both the Old and the New Paradigms share the common point of departure, namely that the overproduction of beta-amyloid is the causative basis of AD. The rest of the notions of the New Paradigm are distinctly different from those of the Old one. Formulation of the New Paradigm theory of Alzheimer’s disease was necessitated by the analysis of results of massive human clinical trials of candidate AD drugs that performed outstandingly in animal studies. They all failed in human trials as spectacularly as they succeeded in animal studies. Or did they? Whereas they indeed showed no efficacy whatsoever, they performed perfectly within confines of their design and purpose. For example, a BACE inhibitor verubecestat penetrated the brain of AD patients, greatly inhibited βAPP cleavage, and strongly suppressed extracellular levels of Aβ. It did all this with the same efficiency it exhibited in animal studies, where it indisputably succeeded in mitigating symptoms of the disease. Why did it fail to do so in human clinical trials? This failure, apparently inexplicable within the confines of the ACH, seems as good an occasion as any to apply the central dictum of Sherlock Holmes: “... when you eliminated the impossible, whatever remains, however improbable, must be the truth”. In the case under discussion, after the elimination of the “impossible”, including elements of the ACH, and provided that Alzheimer’s disease is indeed caused by the overproduction of Aβ, a notion strongly supported by experimental data, the “however improbable”, which is consistent with the outcomes of human clinical trials of AD candidate drugs, is the following. 1. In addition to the βAPP proteolytic/secretory process, in Alzheimer’s disease in humans, Aβ is also produced in the βAPP-independent pathway. This pathway is active only in AD patients. It does not operate in animals and healthy humans. 2. The output of the βAPP-independent Aβ generation pathway is retained intraneuronally, and it is this pool of intraneuronal beta-amyloid that causes and sustains Alzheimer’s disease. These notions constitute the core of the New Paradigm theory of AD. Several mechanisms are capable of achieving the above. They include: RNA-dependent βAPP mRNA amplification, a process implicated in overproduction of specific proteins in mammalian cells; the internal initiation of transcription within the human βAPP gene; cleavage within βAPP mRNA; the internal initiation of translation within βAPP mRNA. Conceptually, in the context of the present article, the nature of the mechanism generating Aβ independently of βAPP is not important; in every case, identical therapeutic strategies would be indicated. All potential mechanisms of βAPP-independent Aβ generation share several common features. (a) In each case, the expression of a crucial component(s) required for activation of a specific mechanism is induced by the integrated stress response (ISR) elicited via OMA1-DELE1- HRI signaling pathway activated by mitochondrial dysfunction triggered by over-the-threshold levels of βAPP-derived Aβ accumulated intracellularly through cellular uptake of secreted Aβ as well as by retention of a fraction of beta-amyloid produced in the βAPP proteolytic pathway. (b) In every potential mechanism of βAPP-independent Aβ generation, translation initiates at the AUG normally encoding Met671 of βAPP and results in C100, i.e. N-terminal Met-containing C99, which is subsequently cleaved by gamma-secretase to produce Aβ (or Met-Aβ). (c) N-terminal Met of C100 is removed post- rather than co-translationally. Therefore a steady-state population of C100 and, possibly, of N-terminal Met-containing Aβ should occur within human neuronal cells with the activated βAPP-independent Aβ production pathway; their detection would provide irrefutable proof of operation of the pathway. (d) The Aβ (or Met-Aβ) output of every potential mechanism is retained intraneuronally. (e) Once activated, every potential βAPP-independent mechanism would, through generation of intraneuronally retained Aβ, sustain mitochondrial dysfunction and support the activity of the OMA1-DELE1-HRI signaling pathway, which, in turn, will promote, via elicitation of the ISR, the operation of the βAPP-independent Aβ production pathway. These self-perpetuating {βAPP-independent generation of intracellularly retained Aβ}/{mitochondrial dysfunction} mutual feedback cycles constitute the “Engine” that drives Alzheimer’s disease. The life- long accumulation of intraneuronal βAPP-derived Aβ to critical levels, sufficient to trigger mitochondrial dysfunction, plays the role of a starter motor in getting car engine moving in a self-sustainable manner. Only when the AD “Engine” is activated does the disease commence. In the New Paradigm, therefore, Alzheimer’s disorder is a “fast” disease that can be treated and cured at the symptomatic stages. The present article proposes conceptually novel research and therapeutic strategies and suggests that BACE activation (yes, activation!) could be a valid approach in AD therapy.
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McCaig, Melanie, Davar Rezania, and David Lightheart. "Examining Talent Management Practices in a Canadian Not-for-Profit Context: A Theory-Driven Template Analysis." Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations 77, no. 2 (August 29, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1091592ar.
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Despite significant interest in the field of talent management (TM), research has been largely confined to talent management in large corporations. Recent reviews have identified two significant gaps in the literature: 1) excessive focus on large for-profit organizations in North American, Asian and European private sectors; and 2) lack of consensus on TM definitions and activities in organizations. This article examines how TM is perceived and practised in a Canadian context. We used a theory-based approach and drew on previous conceptualizations of TM to examine the perspectives of 30 Canadian decision-makers. Using a conceptual model based on Bolander, Werr, and Asplund (2017), we observed that non-profit organization (NPO) decision-makers have a unique inclusive and competitive view of TM. Their view is defined predominantly by humanistic (acquired talent, inclusive, inputs and outputs) and competitive factors (recruitment dependence and skill development). They felt that talent should be inclusive and acquired, and many indicated that they were looking for people who could be trained. Their emphasis was on cultural fit, motivation and ability to grow intellectually and professionally, rather than on just acquiring the key skills needed for certain roles. The results indicate that TM is an organizational activity and needs to be understood and supported by the whole organization. Specifically, an inclusive view of TM requires adaptable organizational systems, such as collective agreements and accounting systems, which record how value is created in the organization. Future research could compare and contrast the views of those undertaking other functions in the organization, such as accounting, with the views of HR managers. Abstract While recognizing the importance of human capital in the success of non-profit organizations, existing research has primarily focused on talent management (TM) in large multinational organizations, mainly those in the private sectors of North America, Asia and Europe. In this article, we adopt a theory-driven approach and build on previous conceptualizations of TM to examine the perspectives of 30 Canadian nonprofit and for-profit decision-makers. Results show that Canadian decision-makers have a unique inclusive and competitive view of TM. Their view is defined predominantly by humanistic (acquired talent, inclusive, input and output) and competitive factors (reliance on recruitment and skill development). This study contributes a new perspective by providing empirical insights from managers of Canadian enterprises and pointing to implications for broader discussion, conceptualization and practice in the field.
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Colenberg, Susanne, Rianne Appel-Meulenbroek, Natalia Romero Herrera, and David Keyson. "Conceptualizing social well-being in activity-based offices." Journal of Managerial Psychology ahead-of-print, ahead-of-print (November 10, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jmp-09-2019-0529.
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PurposeThe purpose of this article is to aid conceptualization of social well-being at work by identifying its components in a contemporary office context, so adequate measures can be developed to monitor social well-being and to assess the impact of interventions in the workplace.Design/methodology/approachThis study used existing interview data from recent post-occupancy evaluations of two large activity-based flexible offices in the Dutch public sector. Data-driven concept mapping of 182 different employees' statements on social aspects of well-being was used to find communalities in their perceptions.FindingsFrom the data 14 key concepts emerged referring to employees' social needs, reactions to (anti-)social behaviour of others and perceived social affordances of the work environment. Contrary to established theory, social well-being appeared to be a context-bound phenomenon, including components of both short-term hedonic and long-term eudaimonic well-being.Research limitations/implicationsThe findings serve as an inductive source for the further development of adequate measures of social well-being at work. Limitations concern the specific (cultural) setting of the cases and the use of existing data.Practical implicationsPreliminary suggestions for fostering social well-being include change management, participatory design, being alert of the identified risks of activity-based offices and supporting privacy regulation, identity marking and a sense of community, as well as a diversity of informal face-to-face interactions balanced with quiet spaces.Originality/valueThis article contributes to the conceptualization of social well-being in contemporary offices by discussing established social well-being theory and analysing real-world data, using a method novel to management research.
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Kim, Minjae J., Peter Mende-Siedlecki, Stefano Anzellotti, and Liane Young. "Theory of Mind Following the Violation of Strong and Weak Prior Beliefs." Cerebral Cortex, September 22, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhaa263.
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Abstract Recent work in psychology and neuroscience has revealed differences in impression updating across social distance and group membership. Observers tend to maintain prior impressions of close (vs. distant) and ingroup (vs. outgroup) others in light of new information, and this belief maintenance is at times accompanied by increased activity in Theory of Mind regions. It remains an open question whether differences in the strength of prior beliefs, in a context absent social motivation, contribute to neural differences during belief updating. We devised a functional magnetic resonance imaging study to isolate the impact of experimentally induced prior beliefs on mentalizing activity. Participants learned about targets who performed 2 or 4 same-valenced behaviors (leading to the formation of weak or strong priors), before performing 2 counter-valenced behaviors. We found a greater change in activity in dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (DMPFC) and right temporo-parietal junction following the violation of strong versus weak priors, and a greater change in activity in DMPFC and left temporo-parietal junction following the violation of positive versus negative priors. These results indicate that differences in neural responses to unexpected behaviors from close versus distant others, and ingroup versus outgroup members, may be driven in part by differences in the strength of prior beliefs.
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ESTEVES, ANELISA KISIELEWSKI, and NEUSA MARIA MARQUES DE SOUZA. "TEACHERS' ACTIONS AND THE CHANGES MOVEMENT IN CONTINUING EDUCATION ACTIVITY." Educação em Revista 38 (2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0102-469826206t.
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Abstract: The subject of this article is the continuous education of the elementary school Mathematics teachers. It shows the result of a Ph.D. research conducted to investigate how changes in content and form can be produced in teaching activity in the context of a continuous education seeking process. For this purpose, a formative movement was promoted to teachers and coordinators from the 1st to the 5th grade of a full-time municipal school from the Brazilian education system. In this movement, discussions related to mathematical knowledge, analysis of teaching practices, and experience sharing were conducted. The formative and research actions were supported by the theoretical-methodological principles of historical-cultural theory, focusing on the theory of activity and based on the method coined by Vygotsky. Results suggested that when the content of the teaching activity is based on scientific knowledge and collective work actions are prioritized, new meanings regarding the organization of mathematics teaching and its teaching objects are developed. Driven by the development of theoretical thinking, changes in content and, consequently, in the course of teaching activity, are manifested. These changes are not produced in a linear and/or isolated way, because they are impacted by the forms of school organization in capitalist relations in which the concrete working conditions of the teacher materialize, which are opposed to the movement of change in the content and form of the teaching activity.
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Lee, Hongmi, and Janice Chen. "A generalized cortical activity pattern at internally-generated mental context boundaries during unguided narrative recall." eLife 11 (May 30, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/elife.73693.
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Current theory and empirical studies suggest that humans segment continuous experiences into events based on the mismatch between predicted and actual sensory inputs; detection of these 'event boundaries' evokes transient neural responses. However, boundaries can also occur at transitions between internal mental states, without relevant external input changes. To what extent do such 'internal boundaries' share neural response properties with externally-driven boundaries? We conducted an fMRI experiment where subjects watched a series of short movies and then verbally recalled the movies, unprompted, in the order of their choosing. During recall, transitions between movies thus constituted major boundaries between internal mental contexts, generated purely by subjects' unguided thoughts. Following the offset of each recalled movie, we observed stereotyped spatial activation patterns in the default mode network, especially the posterior medial cortex, consistent across different movie contents and even across the different tasks of movie watching and recall. Surprisingly, the between-movie boundary patterns did not resemble patterns at boundaries between events within a movie. Thus, major transitions between mental contexts elicit neural phenomena shared across internal and external modes and distinct from within-context event boundary detection, potentially reflecting a cognitive state related to the flushing and reconfiguration of situation models.
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Zhang, Le-Xuan, Bo-Wah Leung, and Yang Yang. "From theory to practice: Student-centered pedagogical implementation in primary music demonstration lessons in Guangdong, China." International Journal of Music Education, July 12, 2022, 025576142211071. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/02557614221107170.
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Demonstration lessons are used in China to provide models of quality music instruction. However, to date, no research has been done on the quality of demonstration lessons and how this relates to the improvement of school music education in China. This content analysis provides an insight into China’s music demonstration lesson implementation and its contextual adaptation for student-centered education (SCE). A total of 19 music demonstration lessons over 760 minutes have been examined, using both a systematic observational method and a qualitative thematic analysis method to look at in-class behavior and interaction. An analysis of data reveals that: (a) direct content-driven activities are still taking dominant roles in class, (b) students’ individuality is seldomly promoted, (c) activity-based lesson structures have become prevalent, and (d) sequential patterns under a behaviorist perspective still can be seen in China’s demonstration lessons. Although findings may not necessarily represent exactly what is happening in a regular school setting and it reveals a different adaptation of SCE compared to an international perspective, it serves as a starting point for understanding the official educational views of China and a different angle in perceiving the adaptation of SCE in practice under China context.
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Pryor, C. "678 THE MENTAL HEALTH NURSE EXPERIENCE OF PROVIDING CARE FOR PEOPLE WITH DELIRIUM SUPERIMPOSED ON DEMENTIA." Age and Ageing 51, Supplement_1 (March 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afac035.678.
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Abstract Introduction People with severe dementia are frequently cared for by registered mental health nurses due to their often complex cognitive or psychological care needs. This study aimed to explore and describe the experiences of mental health nurses who provide care for people with delirium superimposed on dementia. Methods Activity Theory was used to inform, a mixed methods design. Commencing with semi structured interviews, before further quantitative exploration using a questionnaire. Framework analysis was used for qualitative analysis, followed by descriptive statistical analysis of questionnaire data. Robust integration of data was undertaken, and findings presented in an activity system graphic. Participants were registered mental health nurses working in 24-hour care settings for people with dementia. Results Five key themes emerged: 1. For RNMHs to use tools (such as scores or guidelines), they need to see them as useful and contextually relevant. Whilst they are aware of tools, they may choose not to use them if they do not see the value in them. 2. Knowing the person for whom they provide care is central and personal. The RNMHs favour aesthetic ways of knowing and use this to guide their care provision. 3. Hierarchy within the multidisciplinary team remains, however this is not seen as a negative. The RNMHs feel supported and secure within their wider MDT. 4. Burdens of care felt by the RNMHs is driven by the care environment and care context. 6. There remains a disconnection of mental and physical health in both care environments and how the RNMHs see their role. Conclusion This study is the first to explore the complexities of specifically the mental health nurse context in relation to DSD. The novel application of Activity Theory as a lens offered a unique frame to support exploration of the mental health nurses working environments and experiences.
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Ren, Honglei, Robert B. Taylor, Timothy L. Downing, and Elizabeth L. Read. "Locally correlated kinetics of post-replication DNA methylation reveals processivity and region specificity in DNA methylation maintenance." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 19, no. 195 (October 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2022.0415.
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DNA methylation occurs predominantly on cytosine-phosphate-guanine (CpG) dinucleotides in the mammalian genome, and the methylation landscape is maintained over mitotic cell division. It has been posited that coupling of maintenance methylation activity among neighbouring CpGs is critical to stability over cellular generations; however, the mechanism is unclear. We used mathematical models and stochastic simulation to analyse data from experiments that probe genome-wide methylation of nascent DNA post-replication in cells. We find that DNA methylation maintenance rates on individual CpGs are locally correlated, and the degree of this correlation varies by genomic regional context. By using theory of protein diffusion along DNA, we show that exponential decay of methylation rate correlation with genomic distance is consistent with enzyme processivity. Our results provide quantitative evidence of genome-wide methyltransferase processivity in vivo . We further developed a method to disentangle different mechanistic sources of kinetic correlations. From the experimental data, we estimate that an individual methyltransferase methylates neighbour CpGs processively if they are 36 basepairs apart, on average. But other mechanisms of coupling dominate for longer inter-CpG distances. Our study demonstrates that quantitative insights into enzymatic mechanisms can be obtained from replication-associated, cell-based genome-wide measurements, by combining data-driven statistical analyses with hypothesis-driven mathematical modelling.
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van Dijk - Huisman, Hanneke C., Petra H. Raeven-Eijkenboom, Fabienne J. H. Magdelijns, Judith M. Sieben, Robert A. de Bie, and Antoine F. Lenssen. "Barriers and enablers to physical activity behaviour in older adults during hospital stay: a qualitative study guided by the theoretical domains framework." BMC Geriatrics 22, no. 1 (April 10, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12877-022-02887-x.
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Abstract Background Older adults admitted with an acute medical illness spent little time active during hospitalisation and this has been associated with negative health outcomes. Understanding which barriers and enablers influence the physical activity behaviour of hospitalised older adults is a first step towards identifying potentially modifiable factors and developing, evaluating and implementing targeted interventions aimed at increasing their physical activity behaviour. Using a theoretical framework has been found to be more successful in changing behaviour than using a non-theory driven approach. This study aimed to explore barriers and enablers to physical activity behaviour in older adults admitted to a hospital with an acute medical illness, as perceived by patients and healthcare professionals, and to categorise them using the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF). Methods A qualitative study was conducted at a combined university and regional hospital in the Netherlands between January 2019 and February 2020. Older adults (≥70 years) admitted with an acute medical illness, and healthcare professionals (nurses, physicians, physiotherapists) were recruited using purposive sampling. Semi-structured interviews were audiotaped, transcribed and analysed using directed qualitative content analysis. Barriers and enablers to physical activity behaviour during hospitalisation were identified and coded using the TDF. Results Meaning saturation was determined after interviews with 12 patients and 16 healthcare professionals. A large number of barriers and enablers were identified and each categorised to 11 of the 14 domains of the TDF. The ‘Environmental Context and Resources’ domain in particular yielded many examples, and revealed that the hospital environment exerts an inactivating influence on patients. Conclusions The large number of identified barriers and enablers highlights the complexity of influencing older adults’ physical activity behaviour during hospitalisation. This overview of barriers and enablers to physical activity behaviour in older adults admitted to a hospital with an acute medical illness represents an initial step towards developing, evaluating and implementing theory-informed behaviour change interventions to improve hospitalised older adults’ physical activity levels. It can assist clinicians and researchers in selecting modifiable factors that can be targeted in future interventions.
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Rahmoune, Yasmina, and Allaoua Chaoui. "Automatic Bridge between BPMN Models and UML Activity Diagrams based on Graph Transformation." Computer Science 23, no. 3 (October 2, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.7494/csci.2022.23.3.4356.
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Model Driven Engineering (MDE) provides available tools, concepts and languages to create and transform models. One of the most important successes of MDE is model transformation; it permits transforming models used by one community to equivalent models used by another one. Moreover, each community of developers has its own tools for verification, testing and test case generation. Hence, a developer of one community who moves to work with another community needs a transformation process from the second community to (his/her) own community and vice versa. Therefore, the target community can benefit from the expertise of the source one and the developers do not begin from zero.In this context, we propose in this paper an automatic transformation to create a bridge between the BPMN and UML communities. We propose an approach and a visual tool for the automatic transformation of BPMN models to UML Activity Diagrams (UML-AD). The proposed approach is based on Meta-Modeling and Graph Transformation, and uses the AToM3 tool. Indeed, we were inspired by the OMG meta-models of BPMN and UML-AD and implemented versions of both meta-models using AToM3. This last allows generating automatically a visual modeling tool for each proposed meta-model. Based on these two meta-models, we propose a graph grammar composed of sixty rules that perform the transformation process. The proposed approach is illustrated through three case studies.
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Emersic, Christopher, and Ian Cotton. "Experimental comparison of partial discharge between fast-switching pulse waves and square waves." Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, July 4, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6463/ac7e06.
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Abstract The behaviour of partial discharge has been examined for unipolar turn-to-turn–like waveforms with short 10 to 90% rise-times of approximately 25 ns. Such waveforms simulate what may be seen between turns on random-wound inverter-fed electrical machines driven by ultra-fast switching wide-bandgap power semiconductors. The influence of pressure, voltage polarity, and pulse duration was examined, with particular focus on environments relevant to aerospace. Pulse waves were observed to generate distinct partial discharge behaviour relative to square waves, with important implications for detection and lifetime assessment. Partial discharge likelihood for pulse waves at a given voltage was reduced, with comparable discharge activity requiring an additional several hundred volts at both ambient pressure and 116 hPa. Partial discharge events typically occur sooner after voltage rise for shorter duration pulses, whereas discharges occasionally occurred over 1 ms after voltage rise for longer-duration 10–100 Hz square waves at lower pressures, which may be outside the window of detection of some instrumentation. While observations and stochastic behaviour were interpreted within the context of space charge and the latest understanding of Volume-Time theory, some observations have not been able to be accounted for. These include observed stochastic trends between partial discharge delay time and unipolar pulse duration not correlating well, a reduced delay between voltage change and partial discharge activity during voltage fall relative to rise, and the lack of observed partial discharge activity after voltage fall for unipolar voltage pulse durations less than 50 µs.
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"4.P. Workshop: Health promotion policy implementation evaluation: tools, challenges and futures directions." European Journal of Public Health 32, Supplement_3 (October 1, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckac129.267.
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Abstract Background Public policies can enhance opportunities for the whole populations to be more health promoting. They are important tools as they tackle the upstream component of health promotion behaviours to influence the environment and opportunities for the general population. Research has focused on policy development and content, but less on its implementation process and s evaluation. These latter steps are necessary for policy accountability, would serve policy-making process and strengthen policy impact for real change. Objectives The objectives of the workshop are to present different methods and toolkits allowing the evaluation of policy implementation at national level. Workshop format The workshop will include 4 presentations, with two systematic reviews and two tool presentation, to offer opportunities to the audience to understand both theoretical and methodological perspective and applied process in regard to health promotion policy evaluation and implementation evaluation. First, a systematic literature review considering the fitting framework for implementation of policies promoting health nutrition and physically active lifestyle will describe the components and scope of 18 policy implementation frameworks. Second, a systematic literature review on methods of physical activity policy monitoring will help us to learn from the analysis of 112 studies on research-driven, government-driven or co-production approaches, their strengths and weaknesses. The third presentation will introduce the Physical Activity Environment Policy Index, a tool to monitor and benchmark policies to improve the healthiness of physical activity policy environment, as well as provide guidance on how to use it. The fourth presentation will present the health promoting sports clubs national audit tool, aimed at reviewing policy supporting sports clubs to promote health, and present preliminary results from its use in Ireland. During the presentation we will pose questions to the audience, encouraging them to apply the theory/tools to their own context, and to spark conversation and interaction as part of the workshop. After the presentations, questions from the audience will be discussed with each presenter, and a discussion will be open in terms of future challenges for health promotion policies implementation evaluation. Key messages • Guidance is needed to evaluate health promotion policies implementation to improve practice, as well as development of framework and methods to build toolkits. • Policy implementation evaluation is key for improving policy making process.
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Acharya, Gagan, Sebastian F. Ruf, and Erfan Nozari. "Brain modeling for control: A review." Frontiers in Control Engineering 3 (December 2, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcteg.2022.1046764.
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Neurostimulation technologies have seen a recent surge in interest from the neuroscience and controls communities alike due to their proven potential to treat conditions such as epilepsy, Parkinson’s Disease, and depression. The provided stimulation can be of different types, such as electric, magnetic, and optogenetic, and is generally applied to a specific region of the brain in order to drive the local and/or global neural dynamics to a desired state of (in)activity. For most neurostimulation techniques, however, an underlying theoretical understanding of their efficacy is still lacking. From a control-theoretic perspective, it is important to understand how each stimulus modality interacts with the inherent complex network dynamics of the brain in order to assess the controllability of the system and develop neurophysiologically relevant computational models that can be used to design the stimulation profile systematically and in closed loop. In this paper, we review the computational modeling studies of 1) deep brain stimulation, 2) transcranial magnetic stimulation, 3) direct current stimulation, 4) transcranial electrical stimulation, and 5) optogenetics as five of the most popular and commonly used neurostimulation technologies in research and clinical settings. For each technology, we split the reviewed studies into 1) theory-driven biophysical models capturing the low-level physics of the interactions between the stimulation source and neuronal tissue, 2) data-driven stimulus-response models which capture the end-to-end effects of stimulation on various biomarkers of interest, and 3) data-driven dynamical system models that extract the precise dynamics of the brain’s response to neurostimulation from neural data. While our focus is particularly on the latter category due to their greater utility in control design, we review key works in the former two categories as the basis and context in which dynamical system models have been and will be developed. In all cases, we highlight the strength and weaknesses of the reviewed works and conclude the review with discussions on outstanding challenges and critical avenues for future work.
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"The fully nonlinear development of Görtler vortices in growing boundary layers." Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. A. Mathematical and Physical Sciences 415, no. 1849 (February 9, 1988): 421–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspa.1988.0021.
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The fully nonlinear development of small-wavelength Görtler vortices in a growing boundary layer is investigated by a combination of asymptotic and numerical methods. The starting point for the analysis is the weakly nonlinear theory of Hall ( J. Inst. Math. Applies 29, 173 (1982)) who discussed the initial development of large-wavenumber small-amplitude vortices in a neighbourhood of the location where they first become linearly unstable. That development is unusual in the context of nonlinear stability theory in that it is not described by the Stuart-Watson approach. In fact, the development is governed by a pair of coupled nonlinear partial differential evolution equations for the vortex flow and the mean flow correction. Here the further development of this interaction is considered for vortices so large that the mean flow correction driven by them is as large as the basic state. Surprisingly it is found that such a nonlinear interaction can still be described by asymptotic means. It is shown that the vortices spread out across the boundary layer and effectively drive the boundary layer. In fact, the system obtained by the equations for the fundamental component of the vortex generates a differential equation for the basic state. Thus the mean flow adjusts so as to make these large amplitude vortices locally neutral. Moreover in the region where the vortices exist the mean flow has a ‘square-root’ profile and the vortex velocity field can be written down in closed form. The upper and lower boundaries of the region of vortex activity are determined by a free-boundary problem involving the boundary-layer equations. In general it is found that this region ultimately includes almost all of the original boundary layer and much of the free stream. In this situation the mean flow has essentially no relation to the flow that exists in the absence of the vortices.
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Ha, Amy S., Qing He, David R. Lubans, Cecilia H. Chan, and Johan Y. Y. Ng. "Parent-focused online intervention to promote parents’ physical literacy and support children’s physical activity: results from a quasi-experimental trial." BMC Public Health 22, no. 1 (July 12, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12889-022-13739-z.
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Abstract Background The development of physical literacy (PL) early in life may influence children's subsequent physical activity (PA) participation and consequent health benefits across the life course. Interventions designed for parents are lacking, but such efforts can potentially enhance the PL of parents and their children’s PA participation. Additionally, there is insufficient evidence to support the feasibility of delivering a PL intervention using an online format. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the feasibility and effectiveness of a parent-focused, theory-driven, online-delivered intervention designed to improve the parents’ PL and children’s PA behaviors. Methods A non-randomized trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of the program. 224 Hong Kong families (primary school-aged children and their parents) registered to the program were considered the experimental group and were exposed to an online intervention over three months. Another 220 families in Hong Kong were considered the comparison group and did not receive any intervention. Outcome measures included PA behaviors (daily steps and moderate-to-vigorous PA), parent–child co-activity behaviors, family PA routines, and parent perceived PL. Linear mixed models were used to analyze the differences in terms of changes in measured outcomes between groups over time. Results No significant group-by-time effects were found for children’s or parents’ PA behaviors. In terms of the family Co-PA routines, a small positive effect size in favor of the experimental group was found (p = .44, d = 0.2). Group-by-time effects favorable to the experimental group was detected for parent–child co-activity (p < .001, d = 0.7) and parental PL (p < .001, d = 0.9) at post-intervention. The results demonstrated that the intervention was acceptable and that there was potential for scale up. Conclusions Findings indicated that the intervention was effective in increasing parent–child co-activity and parent perceived PL. During the pandemic, online intervention delivery was found to be feasible. Using this mode of delivery, the intervention has the potential to reach a wide population in the local context. Trial registration The study was prospectively registered at the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, Registration number: ChiCTR2100041903, Registered 09 January 2021.
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Nielsen, Anne Maj, and Freja Filine Petersen. "Affectivity and Relational Awareness in Pedagogy and Education." International Review of Theoretical Psychologies 1, no. 2 (July 10, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/irtp.v1i2.128018.
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In this article, we put forward the concept ‘relational awareness’ to describe a conscious awareness of the experience of relational responsivity and dynamics of change in stressful intersubjective encounters in pedagogy and education. This concept is inspired by phenomenology and cultural-historical theory. We introduce the theories of extended affectivity, embodied resonance and intersubjectivity and relate these to cultural-historical psychology in order to explore how people appraise and understand situations related to societal goals, motives, practices and mediating means. Relational awareness, which involves being consciously aware of embodied, pre-reflective relational responsivity, is specific to the cultural context, to the mediating means, and the lived experiences of the person. Relational awareness and responsivity can be objects of reflection and education when educational practices include deliberate work on embodied experience and mediational means to reflect on and change experienced intercorporeity. Relational awareness differs from interpersonal perception in that it involves embodied activity mediated by embodied knowledge and social means of language and discourse.Our conceptualisation of relational awareness is empirically driven by two qualitative studies of preschool teachers’ and teachers’ embodied practices to become presently aware during intersubjective encounters with children in stressful everyday conditions. The embodied practices in the study were inspired by exercises in mindfulness and compassion, which were adjusted according to how the participants experienced their significance. The flexibly adjusted exercises and discourses appeared to provide participants with the mediational embodied and discoursive means to become relationally aware in difficult encounters. Biesta’s conceptualisation of ‘moments of hesitation’ contributes to the discussion of ‘relational awareness’ in education and care.
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Kurtzhals, Mette, Paulina Sander Melby, Peter Elsborg, Glen Nielsen, Sarahjane Belton, Johann Issartel, Wesley O’Brien, and Peter Bentsen. "S03-4 3PL: Promoting pupils’ physical literacy: a pilot study testing feasibility and acceptability of the Y-PATH intervention in a Danish school setting." European Journal of Public Health 32, Supplement_2 (August 27, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckac093.015.
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Abstract Background A considerable number of Danish children and adolescents do not currently meet the national physical activity (PA) recommendations. In recent years, the concept of physical literacy (PL), has gained popularity worldwide, and it is considered as a proximal measure for lifelong PA. However, only a few interventions targeting PL exist on a global scale. In Denmark, the development of theoretically driven and evidence-based PL interventions that aim to increase PL among children and adolescents has not begun. Yet, a promising, theory-based, and internationally tested intervention, the Youth Physical Activity Towards Health (Y-PATH), has proven to be effective on children and adolescents’ PA levels and motor skills. This presentation introduces the Promoting Pupils’ Physical Literacy (3PL) project which aims to test the feasibility and acceptability of the Y-PATH intervention in a Danish context among pupils 9-11 years of age. Methods and Results The hypothesis is that a revised and adapted 3PL intervention protocol that aims to increase pupils’ PL is ready for effectiveness testing by the end of this project. Two public schools will be recruited and randomly assigned to intervention or control condition following a waitlist design. The primary outcomes include the feasibility and acceptability of the intervention. The feasibility of the practicality and the recruitment process will be assessed within a document log administered by research assistants. The acceptability, including demand and experiences, and the intervention implementation degree will be evaluated by short bimonthly questionnaires to teachers, and interviews with pupils, teachers, parents, and school managers. The preliminary effectiveness will be tested by comparing changes in pupils’ PL over time, assessed with the validated Danish Assessment of Physical Literacy tool. Discussion A revised PL intervention, a Template for Intervention Description and Replication TIDieR checklist, and a protocol that offers a solid empirical and theoretical foundation for a future upscaled effectiveness study. Additionally, the development of such protocol and checklist provides a national as well as an international opportunity for researchers to use and compare effectiveness of the intervention across countries.
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Pettersen, Amanda K., Lukas Schuster, and Neil B. Metcalfe. "The Evolution of Offspring Size: a Metabolic Scaling Perspective." Integrative and Comparative Biology, June 3, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icb/icac076.
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Abstract Size at the start of life reflects the initial per offspring parental investment – including both the embryo and the nutrients supplied to it. Initial offspring size can vary substantially both within and among species. Within species, increasing offspring size can enhance growth, reproduction, competitive ability, and reduce susceptibility to predation and starvation later in life, that can ultimately increase fitness. Previous work has suggested that the fitness benefits of larger offspring size may be driven by energy expenditure during development – or how offspring metabolic rate scales with offspring size. Despite the importance of early life energy expenditure in shaping later life fitness trajectories, consideration of among-species scaling of metabolic rate at the time of birth as a potential source of general metabolic scaling patterns has been overlooked by theory. Here we review the patterns and processes of energy expenditure at the start of life when mortality is often greatest. We compile existing data on metabolic rate and offspring size for 191 ectotherm species spanning eight phyla and use phylogenetically-controlled methods to quantify among-species scaling patterns. Across a 109-fold mass range, we find that offspring metabolic rate scales hypometrically with size, with an overall scaling exponent of 0.66. This exponent varies across ontogenetic stage and feeding activity, but is consistently hypometric, including across environmental temperatures. Despite differences in parental investment, life history and habitat, large-offspring species use relatively less energy as a proportion of size, compared with small-offspring species. Greater residual energy can be used to fuel the next stages of life, particularly in low resource environments. Based on available evidence, we conclude that, while large knowledge gaps remain, the evolution of offspring size is likely shaped by context-dependent selection acting on correlated traits, including metabolic rates maintaining hypometric scaling, that operates within broader physical constraints.