Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Context awareness'
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Wang, Chia-Hao. "Context Awareness." Thesis, Konstfack, Inredningsarkitektur & Möbeldesign, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:konstfack:diva-5870.
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From anti-modernism to the movement of regaining identity, in one way or another, we are all somehow looking for ways to find the harmony in this world. Respecting nature, be aware of the environment and co-exist with it, is worth further investigation. That is why I chose to examine the relationship of context and interior, with the help of natural light.
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Verdaguer, Sergi Laencina. "Model driven context awareness." Thesis, KTH, Kommunikationssystem, CoS, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-92029.
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The very nature of mobile phones makes them ideal vehicles to study both individuals and organizations: people habitually carry a mobile phone with them and use it as a medium for much of their communication. The information available from today's phones includes the user's location, people nearby, and communication (call and SMS logs), as well as application usage and phone status (idle, charging, and so on). The main goal of this project is to combine some of the new technologies of voice over IP (VoIP) with context awareness services for mobile users and create a demonstrator for a typical routine of a student in Kista. We used context awareness together with the SIP Express Router to make a system more intelligent for the user. In this thesis the definition of CPL scripts and how they could exploit context information to provide SIP service that would be useful to a student were examined. A simple test was conducted to measure the overhead of using context awareness by the SIP proxy when processing CPL scripts.Mobila telefoner gör dem ideala medel för att studera både individer och organisationar: personer bär ofta en mobil telefon med dem och använder den som ett medel för mycket av deras kommunikation. Informationen som är tillgänglig från dagens telefoner inkluderar användares läge, personer som är närliggande och kommunikation, såväl som applikationanvändning och telefon status. Målet av detta projekt är att kombinera som några av de nya teknologierna av röst över IP (VoIP) med kontextuppmärksamma servar för mobila användare och skapar en demonstrant för en typisk rutin av en studerande i Kista. Vi använde kontextuppmärksamma med SIP Express Router för att göra ett system mer intelligent för användare. I detta examensarbetet undersöker vi CPL skrifter och hur de skulle kunna exploatera kontext information för att ge den SIP tjänsten som är användbar till en studerande. Ett enkelt test förades för att mäta det över huvudet av att använda kontextuppmärksamma av den SIP proxyen när det arbetar med CPL skrifter.
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Haseloff, Sandra. "Context awareness in information logistics." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2005. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=974827967.
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Bristow, Huw William. "Context awareness for wearable computers." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2004. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/9/.
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The research described in this thesis considers mobile technology with particular reference to the use of context sensing. It is argued that such technologies are useful to enhance user proficiency in everyday tasks. A wearable, context–aware computer system and a set of evaluation tasks are devised to investigate this premise. A photograph diary study is carried out to elicit defining features of a broad range of everyday activities. These features are called Context Identifiers. From this a structured definition of context is suggested that bridges the gap between the current theoretical and technological definitions of context. Based on a literature review of current mobile and wearable technology and on the findings of the photograph diary study, a novel wearable computer and supporting software is developed. The wearable computer can detect and interpret features of everyday context, including Location, Posture and Movement, and Objects. During the design cycle of the wearable computer, experiments are conducted to evaluate three versions of the wearable computer. The usability of the computer is considered based on measures of efficiency, effectiveness and user satisfaction. Use of the system is shown to improve user task proficiency in the completion of simple tasks and the wearable computer is shown to capture context in a similar way to humans. Specifically when the first version of the system is used in an information retrieval task, the wearable computer is shown to significantly decrease task completion time when compared to using a standard internet enabled computer or users searching for information in their environment. In addition the task accuracy is increased. The second version of the system in which the number of everyday contextual features the system can detect is increased, again significantly decrease the task completion time when compared to the same system detecting less context features. The third version of the system which detects further more contextual features is shown to be highly usable based on a number of usability measures and is shown to capture context in a similar fashion to humans.
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Clarkson, Brian (Brian Patrick) 1975. "Environmental audio-visual context awareness." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/80607.
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Costa, Breno Jacinto Duarte da. "3D Routing with Context Awareness." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2009. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/1771.
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Previous issue date: 2009Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
O surgimento de interfaces de rede sem-fio de baixo custo no mercado e o crescimento na demanda por dispositivos móveis (como Smartphones, PDAs, Internet Tablets e Laptops) permitiram a criação de cenários onde serviços de rede para usuários móveis possam existir sem nenhuma infra-estrutrutura pré-configurada. No entanto, a interoperabilidade entre tais redes, que são dinâmicas e heterogêneas, é atualmente objeto de pesquisa. Várias pesquisas na área de redes ad hoc sem-fio tem focado em uma única tecnologia sem-fio, baseada no padrão IEEE 802.11, onde os nós da rede são vistos de maneira plana (2D), ou seja, como elementos homogêneos, identificados apenas por endereços IP, não levando em consideração seus perfis de hardware e tecnologias de rede. Desta forma, pesquisas envolvendo mais de uma tecnologia de rede encontram-se em estágios iniciais. Novas propostas são necessárias para estes cenários, que são cada vez mais comuns, envolvendo múltiplos dispositivos com múltiplas interfaces de rede (multi-homed). Este trabalho propõe o protocolo de roteamento 3D, direcionado a cenários onde há heterogeneidade de dispositivos e tecnologias de rede. O objetivo do protocolo de roteamento proposto é prover mecanismos para a interoperabilidade de redes ad hoc heterogêneas, considerando outra dimensão de informações, aqui denominada de terceira dimensão (3D), que consiste em agregar mais informações, como informações de contexto, recursos dos dispositivos e interfaces de rede, ao processo de roteamento. Para isto, o protocolo considera os seguintes aspectos fundamentais: o processo de bootstrapping da rede heterogênea e dos nós, a construção e disseminação de informações de ciência de contexto entre os nós, e a atribuição de papéis específicos para determinados nós da rede. A avaliação do protocolo é feita através de experimentos em um test-bed real, utilizando um protótipo da implementação do protocolo, num cenário composto de dispositivos móveis como Smartphones OpenMoko, Internet Tablets N810 da Nokia e Laptops, possuindo tecnologias Bluetooth e 802.11, executando versões embarcadas do sistema operacional Linux
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Fridvall, Freddie, and Helena Svärd. "Exploring context awareness in mobile games." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för teknik och samhälle (TS), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-20082.
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Today mobiles are a standard, multiple sensors that gathers data about the user is embedded within those mobiles. But the use of this data is not as common as one would think in the mobile game market. To observe and analyse how an implementation of this data would affect a mobile game from a common genre such as time-passing games a prototype were built. This prototype could be seen as a reversed gamification using training data, in this case footsteps, in order to enhance the game and make it more interesting for the user. Findings of how the data could be integrated within the game in a way that would interest users more have been gathered through a survey and are discussed and presented.
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Gonçalves, João Miguel Ribeiro. "Context-awareness privacy in data communications." Doctoral thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/15760.
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Doutoramento em InformáticaInternet users consume online targeted advertising based on information collected about them and voluntarily share personal information in social networks. Sensor information and data from smart-phones is collected and used by applications, sometimes in unclear ways. As it happens today with smartphones, in the near future sensors will be shipped in all types of connected devices, enabling ubiquitous information gathering from the physical environment, enabling the vision of Ambient Intelligence. The value of gathered data, if not obvious, can be harnessed through data mining techniques and put to use by enabling personalized and tailored services as well as business intelligence practices, fueling the digital economy. However, the ever-expanding information gathering and use undermines the privacy conceptions of the past. Natural social practices of managing privacy in daily relations are overridden by socially-awkward communication tools, service providers struggle with security issues resulting in harmful data leaks, governments use mass surveillance techniques, the incentives of the digital economy threaten consumer privacy, and the advancement of consumergrade data-gathering technology enables new inter-personal abuses. A wide range of fields attempts to address technology-related privacy problems, however they vary immensely in terms of assumptions, scope and approach. Privacy of future use cases is typically handled vertically, instead of building upon previous work that can be re-contextualized, while current privacy problems are typically addressed per type in a more focused way. Because significant effort was required to make sense of the relations and structure of privacy-related work, this thesis attempts to transmit a structured view of it. It is multi-disciplinary - from cryptography to economics, including distributed systems and information theory - and addresses privacy issues of different natures. As existing work is framed and discussed, the contributions to the state-of-theart done in the scope of this thesis are presented. The contributions add to five distinct areas: 1) identity in distributed systems; 2) future context-aware services; 3) event-based context management; 4) low-latency information flow control; 5) high-dimensional dataset anonymity. Finally, having laid out such landscape of the privacy-preserving work, the current and future privacy challenges are discussed, considering not only technical but also socio-economic perspectives.
Quem usa a Internet vê publicidade direccionada com base nos seus hábitos de navegação, e provavelmente partilha voluntariamente informação pessoal em redes sociais. A informação disponível nos novos telemóveis é amplamente acedida e utilizada por aplicações móveis, por vezes sem razões claras para isso. Tal como acontece hoje com os telemóveis, no futuro muitos tipos de dispositivos elecónicos incluirão sensores que permitirão captar dados do ambiente, possibilitando o surgimento de ambientes inteligentes. O valor dos dados captados, se não for óbvio, pode ser derivado através de técnicas de análise de dados e usado para fornecer serviços personalizados e definir estratégias de negócio, fomentando a economia digital. No entanto estas práticas de recolha de informação criam novas questões de privacidade. As práticas naturais de relações inter-pessoais são dificultadas por novos meios de comunicação que não as contemplam, os problemas de segurança de informação sucedem-se, os estados vigiam os seus cidadãos, a economia digital leva á monitorização dos consumidores, e as capacidades de captação e gravação dos novos dispositivos eletrónicos podem ser usadas abusivamente pelos próprios utilizadores contra outras pessoas. Um grande número de áreas científicas focam problemas de privacidade relacionados com tecnologia, no entanto fazem-no de maneiras diferentes e assumindo pontos de partida distintos. A privacidade de novos cenários é tipicamente tratada verticalmente, em vez de re-contextualizar trabalho existente, enquanto os problemas actuais são tratados de uma forma mais focada. Devido a este fraccionamento no trabalho existente, um exercício muito relevante foi a sua estruturação no âmbito desta tese. O trabalho identificado é multi-disciplinar - da criptografia à economia, incluindo sistemas distribuídos e teoria da informação - e trata de problemas de privacidade de naturezas diferentes. À medida que o trabalho existente é apresentado, as contribuições feitas por esta tese são discutidas. Estas enquadram-se em cinco áreas distintas: 1) identidade em sistemas distribuídos; 2) serviços contextualizados; 3) gestão orientada a eventos de informação de contexto; 4) controlo de fluxo de informação com latência baixa; 5) bases de dados de recomendação anónimas. Tendo descrito o trabalho existente em privacidade, os desafios actuais e futuros da privacidade são discutidos considerando também perspectivas socio-económicas.
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Furnari, Antonino. "Context Awareness in First Person Vision." Doctoral thesis, Università di Catania, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10761/3706.
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The First Person Vision (FPV) paradigm allows to seamlessly acquire images of the world from the user's perspective. Compared to standard Third Person Vision, FPV is advantageous for building intelligent wearable systems able to assist the user and augment his abilities. Given their intrinsic mobility and the ability to acquire user-related information, FPV systems have to deal with a continuously evolving environment. Moving from the observation that data acquired from a first person perspective is highly personal, we investigate contextual awareness for First Person Vision systems. We first focus on the task of recognizing personal locations of interest from egocentric videos. We consider personal locations at the instance level and address the problem of rejecting locations not of interest for the user. To challenge the problem, we introduce three datasets of 10 personal locations which we make publicly available, and perform a benchmark of different wearable devices and state-of-the-art representations. Moreover, we propose and evaluate methods to reject negative locations and perform personal location-based temporal segmentation of egocentric videos. As a second aspect, we investigate the anticipation of object interaction. We propose and define the task of next-active-object prediction as recognizing which objects are going to be interacted with, before the actual interaction begins. Even if recognizing next-active-objects is in general not trivial in unconstrained settings, we show that the First Person Vision paradigm provides useful cues to address the challenge. We propose a next-active-object prediction method based on the analysis of egocentric object trajectories and assess its superior performances with respect to other cues such as object appearance, distance from the center of the frame, presence of hands and visual saliency. In appendix, we also report some investigations on extraction features directly from wide angle images.
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Nguyen, Man Hoang, and Jon Ole Nødtvedt. "Mobility and context-awareness in workflow systems." Thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Computer and Information Science, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-264.
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This project aims to describe how workflow systems can integrate and make use of context information from context rich environments, to enhance the execution of workflow processes. Context information can for example be used to control transitions between activities, activity enactment and process/activity coordination. A dynamic contextual environment also requires that a workflow system is capable of responding to contextual events. A set of requirements for a context-aware workflow system, based on existing workflow standards, theory behind context-aware computing and activity theory, will be presented and elaborated. Prototypes, which illustrate how these requirements can be implemented in a standard based workflow system, are also provided. Based on the solutions presented in the prototypes, a new interface for a workflow enactment service is presented. This new interface serves as the link between the contextual environment and the workflow system. We also present a solution for handling context related exception states. The definition of basic terms in workflow systems are expanded to better support context-aware behaviour. Ideas and solutions for more complex requirements not met in our prototypes are also discussed, such as situated activity coordination.
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Ali, Majid. "Improving the Adaptive Context Views and Evaluate Real-Time Performance." Thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Avdelningen för informations- och kommunikationssystem, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-20619.
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The versatility and dimension of smart phone applications is increasing at magnificent rate and getting more and more advanced in a level that could solve complicated real time tasks. One of the important factors for such advancement has been the powerful sensors embedded on a Smartphone devices and sensory networks. Moreover, Context and Context-awareness would have remained a myth without the advent of sensors. The objective of this thesis has been to contribute to the research work carried out under the MediaSense project. Accordingly, the ultimate purpose of the thesis has been to evaluate and study the feasibility of the adaptive context view proposed in MediaSense Platform. In precise words, the thesis has done three core tasks. Firstly, the theoretical presentation of related works and the significance of the research question have been discussed through various social applications. Secondly, a proof-of-concept application has been developed to simulate what has been proposed in the research work. Finally, Android application has been designed and implemented in order to evaluate and study the techniques presented in a practical scenario. Moreover, in the android application known as SundsvallBIGBuddies, we have used the extensions designed for the existing MediaSense platform. The impact of using Android app relaying on a continuous stream of context data has been presented using graphs and tables. In order to study the impact we used smart phone and tablets from Samsung.
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Romero, Acero Daniel Francisco. "Context as a resource : a service-oriented approach for context-awareness." Thesis, Lille 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LIL10016/document.
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L'arrivée des téléphones intelligents (Smartphones) et la disponibilité de services dans des environnements ubiquitaires permettent d'envisager la création d'applications ayant la capacité de s'adapter parfaitement à l'état courant de l'environnement. Toutefois, ces adaptations nécessitent l'intégration d'informations tenant compte de l'hétérogénéité des ressources (plates-formes d'exécution, protocoles) et de la mobilité des personnes, de sorte que les différentes responsabilités de l'adaptation peuvent être distribuées. Pour faire face à ces défis, et compte tenu des limitations des solutions existantes, nous fournissons deux contributions majeures dans cette thèse. Tout d'abord nous introduisons l'intergiciel SPACES comme une solution d'intégration des informations contextuelles et nous définissons ensuite le paradigme de "boucles de contrôle ubiquitaires" pour adapter les applications sensibles à l'état de leur environnement. Nous validons notre proposition avec trois études de cas : (1) une politique de Caching or Off-Loading, dans laquelle le comportement de l'application est modifiée lors de l'exécution, ensuite (2) TRACK.ME, une plateforme pour effectuer des expérimentations scientifiques et enfin (3) DIGIHOME, une plateforme pour la création des maisons intelligentesThe advent of smarthpones and the availability of services in ubiquitous environments enable the design and development of applications that are able to adapt seamlessly to the current environment state. Nevertheless, such adaptations require the integration of information regarding heterogeneity in terms of devices, execution platforms, and communication protocols as well the mobility of applications so that the different responsibilities of the adaptation can be distributed. In order to face these issues, and considering the limitations of existing solutions, we provide two major contributions in this dissertation: (1) SPACES, a middleware approach to integrate context information and (2) Ubiquitous Feedback Control Loops (Ubiquitous FCLs), as an approach to adapt context-aware applications. We validate our proposal with three case studies: (1) a Caching or Off-Loading situation, where the application behavior is modified at runtime, (2) TRACK.ME, a platform for supporting tracking-based scientific experimentations and (3) DIGIHOME, a smarthome platform. These scenarios demonstrate the suitability of our approach when different kinds of devices, protocols and implementation technologies are involved in the adaptation process
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Agbele, Kehinde Kayode. "Context-awareness for adaptive information retrieval systems." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/3845.
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Philosophiae Doctor - PhDThis research study investigates optimization of IRS to individual information needs in order of relevance. The research addressed development of algorithms that optimize the ranking of documents retrieved from IRS. In this thesis, we present two aspects of context-awareness in IR. Firstly, the design of context of information. The context of a query determines retrieved information relevance. Thus, executing the same query in diverse contexts often leads to diverse result rankings. Secondly, the relevant context aspects should be incorporated in a way that supports the knowledge domain representing users’ interests. In this thesis, the use of evolutionary algorithms is incorporated to improve the effectiveness of IRS. A context-based information retrieval system is developed whose retrieval effectiveness is evaluated using precision and recall metrics. The results demonstrate how to use attributes from user interaction behaviour to improve the IR effectiveness
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Daruwala, Yohann. "A Constructive Memory Architecture for Context Awareness." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/2250.
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Context-aware computing is a mobile computing paradigm in which applications can discover, use, and take advantage of contextual information, such as the location, tasks and preferences of the user, in order to adapt their behaviour in response to changing operating environments and user requirements. A problem that arises is the inability to respond to contextual information that cannot be classified into any known context. Many context-aware applications require all discovered contextual information to exactly match a type of context, otherwise the application will not react responsively. The ability to learn and recall contexts based on the contextual information discovered has not been very well addressed by previous context-aware applications and research. The aim of this thesis is to develop a component middleware technology for mobile computing devices for the discovery and capture of contextual information, using the situated reasoning concept of constructive memory. The research contribution of this thesis lies in developing a modified architecture for context-aware systems, using a constructive memory model as a way to learn and recall contexts from previous experiences and application interactions. Using a constructive memory model, previous experiences can be induced to construct potential contexts, given a small amount of learning and interaction. The learning process is able to map the many variations of contextual information currently discovered by the user with a predicted type of context based on what the application has stored and seen previously. It only requires a small amount of contextual information to predict a context, something common context-aware systems lack, as they require all information before a type of context is assigned. Additionally, some mechanism to reason about the contextual information being discovered from past application interactions will be beneficial to induce contexts for future experiences.
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Daruwala, Yohann. "A Constructive Memory Architecture for Context Awareness." University of Sydney, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/2250.
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Master of Philosophy (Architecture)Context-aware computing is a mobile computing paradigm in which applications can discover, use, and take advantage of contextual information, such as the location, tasks and preferences of the user, in order to adapt their behaviour in response to changing operating environments and user requirements. A problem that arises is the inability to respond to contextual information that cannot be classified into any known context. Many context-aware applications require all discovered contextual information to exactly match a type of context, otherwise the application will not react responsively. The ability to learn and recall contexts based on the contextual information discovered has not been very well addressed by previous context-aware applications and research. The aim of this thesis is to develop a component middleware technology for mobile computing devices for the discovery and capture of contextual information, using the situated reasoning concept of constructive memory. The research contribution of this thesis lies in developing a modified architecture for context-aware systems, using a constructive memory model as a way to learn and recall contexts from previous experiences and application interactions. Using a constructive memory model, previous experiences can be induced to construct potential contexts, given a small amount of learning and interaction. The learning process is able to map the many variations of contextual information currently discovered by the user with a predicted type of context based on what the application has stored and seen previously. It only requires a small amount of contextual information to predict a context, something common context-aware systems lack, as they require all information before a type of context is assigned. Additionally, some mechanism to reason about the contextual information being discovered from past application interactions will be beneficial to induce contexts for future experiences.
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Osbakk, Patrik. "A privacy enhancing infrastructure for context-awareness." Thesis, University of Kent, 2007. https://kar.kent.ac.uk/14563/.
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Context-awareness enables applications and services to better fulfil the needs of users by adapting to their situation and their preferences. However, the use of contextual information is complicated by privacy concerns. A subjects context is personal and needs to be regarded as sensitive. Hence, contextual information must only be used with the consensus of the subject and according to their privacy preferences. This thesis examines the development of privacy-friendly context-aware systems. In particular the focus is on (A) improving the overall level of privacy, (B) evaluating access control mechanisms, (C) providing development support, and (D) offering protection to third-party infrastructures. The hypothesis investigated is whether these objectives can be achieved through the use of a privacy enhancing infrastructure. As part of the investigation two conceptual models are presented describing the assumptions made about context and privacy. Also presented is a decentralised privacy enhancing infrastructure developed and implemented to determine the validity of the hypothesis. Along with the infrastructure mechanisms for privacy protection including authentication, access control, and anonymity are discussed. A general data format for context communication in the infrastructure is also presented. Finally the thesis presents the findings uncovered during the investigation and evaluation of the hypothesis. This includes a qualitative analysis of whether the privacy enhancing infrastructure meets the key objectives, a user survey examining the performance of two candidate access control mechanism, a performance measure of the infrastructure when run with resource constrained devices, and a comparison with the approaches taken in related work.
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GARIBOTTO, CHIARA. "Multimedia Context Awareness for Smart Mobile Environments." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Genova, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11567/940889.
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Nowadays the development of the IoT framework and the resulting huge number of smart connected devices opens the door to exploit the presence of multiple smart nodes to accomplish a variety of tasks. Multimedia context awareness, together with the concept of ambient intelligence, is tightly related to the IoT framework, and it can be applied to a large number of smart scenarios. In this thesis, the aim is to study and analyze the role of context awareness in different applications related to smart mobile environments, such as future smart spaces and connected cities. Indeed, this research work focuses on different aspects of ambient intelligence, such as audio-awareness and wireless-awareness. In particular, this thesis tackles two main research topics: the first one, related to the framework of audio-awareness, concerns a multiple observations approach for smart speaker recognition in mobile environments; the second one, tied to the concept of wireless-awareness, regards Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) detection based on WiFi statistical fingerprint analysis.
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Wooten, Ian. "Context of processes : achieving thorough documentation in provenance systems through context awareness." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2009. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/54928/.
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To fully understand real world processes, having evidence which is as comprehensive as possible is essential. Comprehensive evidence enables the reviewer to have some confidence that they are aware of the nuances of a past scenario and can act appropriately upon them in the future. There are examples of this throughout everyday life the outcome of a court case could be affected by available evidence or an antique could be considered more valuable if certain facts about its history are known. Similarly, in computer systems, evidence of processes allow users to make more informed decisions than if it were not captured. Where computer based experimentation has enabled scientists to perform complicated experiments quickly with ease, understanding the precise circumstances of the process which created a particular set of results is important. Significant recent research has sought to address the problem of understanding the provenance of an data item—the process which led to that data item. Increasingly, these experiments are being performed using systems which are distributed, large scale and open. Comprehensive evidence in these environments is achieved when both documentation of the actions per formed and the circumstances in which they occur are captured. Therefore, in order for a user to achieve confidence in results, we argue the importance of documenting the context of a process. This thesis addresses the problem of how context may be suitably modeled, captured and queried to later answer questions concerning data origin. We begin by defining context as any information describing a scenario which has some bearing on a process's outcome. Based on a number of use cases from a Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) workflow, we present a model for representation of context. Our model treats each actor in a process as capable of progressing over a number of finite states as they perform actions. We show that each state can be encoded by using a set of monitored variables from an actor's host. Each transition between states therefore is a series of variable changes and this model is shown to be capable of measuring similarity of context when comparing multiple executions of the same process. It also allows us to consider future state changes for actors based on their past execution. We evaluate through the use of our own context capture system which allows common monitoring tools to be used as an indication of state change and recording of context transparently from stake holders. Our experimental findings suggest our approach to both be acceptable in terms of performance (with an overhead of 4–8% against a non context capturing approach) and use case satisfaction.
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Boyer, Robert T. "Open implementation approach to Internet-scale context awareness." Diss., Connected to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2005. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3169828.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego, 2005.Title from first page of PDF file (viewed January 11, 2006). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 292-299).
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Harmassi, Mariem. "Thing-to-thing context-awareness at the edge." Thesis, La Rochelle, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LAROS037.
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L'Internet des objets (IdO) comprend aujourd'hui une riche offre d'objets connectés, qui permettent de collecter et de partager en continu des données hétérogènes se rapportant à leurs environnements. Ceci a permis l'émergence d'un nouveau type d'applications, qui sont basées sur ces données et permettent de faciliter la vie des citoyens. Ces applications de l'Internet des objets sont dites « sensibles au contexte ». Grâce aux données collectées sur le contexte de l'utilisateur, elles sont en mesure d'adapter leur comportement de manière autonome, sans intervention humaine. Dans cette thèse, nous proposons un nouveau paradigme autour des interactions objet-à-objet, nommé « Interactions objet-à-objet pour la sensibilité au contexte en bordure de réseaux ». Ce dernier, permet de tenir compte d'un nouveau type de contexte, paradoxalement à la notion conventionnelle de « sensibilité au contexte » qui se limite au contexte de l’utilisateur d’une application. Ainsi nous proposons de nous intéresser pour la première fois au contexte des objets en tant que composante même de l’application. Cette thèse vise à doter les objets connectés d’un certain degré d'intelligence, leur permettant de comprendre leur propre environnement et d’en tenir compte dans leurs interactions objet-à-objet. Les contributions majeures de cette thèse se focalisent sur deux modules principaux. Nous proposons, dans un premier temps, un module d’identification de contextes capable de capter les contextes des objets mobiles et de délivrer ce genre d’information de contexte de façon exacte et continue. Sur la base de cette information de contexte assurée par le premier module, nous proposons un deuxième module de collecte de données sensible aux contextes de déploiement des objets connectés. Afin que ceci soit possible, de nombreux verrous restent à lever. Concernant le premier module d’identification de contexte, le premier défi rencontré afin de permettre aux objets connectés de devenir sensibles au contexte est (i) Comment peut-on assurer une identification de contexte exacte pour des objets déployés dans des environnements incontrôlables ? Pour ce faire, nous proposons dans notre premier travail un raisonneur dédié à l'apprentissage et le raisonnement sur le contexte [1]. Le raisonneur proposé est fondé sur une stratégie coopérative entre les différents dispositifs IdO d'un même voisinage. Cette coopération vise à un échange mutuel des données parmi les ressources disponibles d'un même voisinage. La deuxième problématique rencontrée est (ii) Comment peut-on assurer une identification de contexte continue pour des nœuds mobiles appartenant à des réseaux opportunistes ? Nous devons tout d'abord leur permettre de découvrir un maximum de voisins afin d'établir un échange avec. Afin de répondre à cette deuxième problématique nous proposons WELCOME un protocole de découverte des voisinages éco énergétique et à faible latence [2] qui permettra de diminuer considérablement les collisions sur la base d’une découverte de voisinage à faible coût en termes de latence et d’énergie. La troisième problématique, se rapportant au module de collecte de données sensible au contexte, est (iii) Comment peut-on assurer une collecte efficace et précise sur la base du contexte physique de déploiement des capteurs. En effet, d’une part tenir compte de l’information de contexte des capteurs, permet d'éviter toutes transmissions inutiles ou redondante de données. D’autre part, la contextualisation des données implique un partage et donc des transmissions de messages. La question ici (iii) Comment peut-on contextualiser au mieux le plus grand nombre d'objets connectés tout en préservant au mieux leurs ressources énergétiques. Afin de répondre à cette question, nous proposons un Publish-Subscribe à la fois sensible au contexte et éco énergétique basé sur un jeu coalitionnel dynamique qui permet de résoudre ces conflits d’intérêts entre les sources dans un réseauInternet of Things IoT (IoT) today comprises a plethora of different sensors and diverse connected objects, constantly collecting and sharing heterogeneous sensory data from their environment. This enables the emergence of new applications exploiting the collected data towards facilitating citizens lifestyle. These IoT applications are made context-aware thanks to data collected about user's context, to adapt their behavior autonomously without human intervention. In this Thesis, we propose a novel paradigm that concern Machine to Machine (M2M)/Thing To Thing (T2T) interactions to be aware of each other context named \T2T context-awareness at the edge", it brings conventional context-awareness from the application front end to the application back-end. More precisely, we propose to empower IoT devices with intelligence, allowing them to understand their environment and adapt their behaviors based on, and even act upon, the information captured by the neighboringdevices around, thus creating a collective intelligence. The first challenge we face in order to make IoT devices context-aware is (i) How can we extract such information without deploying any dedicated resources for this task? To do so we propose in our first work a context reasoner [1] based a cooperation among IoT devices located in the same surrounding. Such cooperation aims at mutually exchange data about each other context. To enable IoT devices to see, hear, and smell the physical world for themselves, we need firstly to make them connected to share their observations. For a mobile and energy- constrained device, the second challenge we face is (ii) How to discover as much neighbors as possible in its vicinity while preserving its energy resource? We propose Welcome [2] a Low latency and Energy efficient neighbor discovery scheme that is based on a single-delegate election method. Finally, a Publish-Subscribe that take into account the context at the edge of IoT devices, can greatly reduce the overhead and save the energy by avoiding unnecessary transmission of data that doesn't match application requirements. However, if not thought about properly building such T2T context-awareness could imply an overload of subscriptions to meet context-estimation needs. So our third contribution is (iii) How to make IoT devices context-aware while saving energy. To answer this, We propose an Energy efficient and context-aware Publish-Subscribe [3] that strike a balance between energy-consumption due to context estimation and energy-saving due to context-based filtering near to data sources
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Rangappa, Lohith Anusuya. "Quality of service for context awareness in sensorwebs." Pullman, Wash. : Washington State University, 2009. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Thesis/Summer2009/l_anusuya-rangappa_1072009.pdf.
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Thesis (M.S. in computer science )--Washington State University, August 2009.Title from PDF title page (viewed on Apr. 2, 2010). "School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science." Includes bibliographical references (p. 65-73).
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Chihani, Bachir. "Enterprise context-awareness : empowering service users and developers." Phd thesis, Institut National des Télécommunications, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01048688.
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Context-aware applications must manage a continuous stream of context according to dedicated business logic. Research was limited on proposing frameworks and platforms that have predefined behavior toward applications. This thesis attempts to extend background works by proposing new concepts serving as foundation for a flexible approach for building context-aware applications. The thesis examines the state of the art of context-aware computing, then adopts well-established software design principles and a functional decomposition for designing a reference model for context management enabling seamless integration of context-awareness into applications. Also, the thesis studies the use of context in common applications and proposes a context-centric modeling approach which allows the creation of a graph-based representation where entities are connected to each other through links representing context. Furthermore, the context graph decouples the presentation and the semantics of context, leaving each application to manage the appropriate semantic for their context data. Case studies are conducted for the evaluation of the proposed system in terms of its support for the creation of applications enhanced with context-awareness. A simulation study is performed to analyze the performance properties of the proposed system. The result of this thesis is the introduction of a novel approach for supporting the creation of context-aware applications that supports the integration of context-awareness to existing applications. It empowers developers as well as users to participate in the creation process, thereby reducing usability issues
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Chihani, Bachir. "Enterprise context-awareness : empowering service users and developers." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Evry, Institut national des télécommunications, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013TELE0029.
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Les applications contextuelles doivent gérer un flux contenu de contexte selon une logique approprié. Les travaux de recherche en contextualisation se limitent à proposer des plateformes de développement proposant des mécanismes d’adaptation prédéfinie. Cette thèse se propose d’étende l’état de l’art en proposant des nouveaux concepts formant la fondation pour la création d’application contextuelles en adoptant des principes de l’ingénierie logicielle et une décomposition fonctionnelle. Aussi, cela permet l’intégration de comportements contextualisés à des applications non initialement conçus pour cela. La thèse propose une autre manière centrée-contexte permettant de séparer la représentation du contexte de son interprétation, offrant encore plus de flexibilité à la gestion de contexte. Les propositions sont analysées aux lumières d’étude de cas et de simulations. Le résultat de la thèse est l’introduction de nouvelle approche de création d’applications contextuelles qui met en avant le développeur mais aussi l’utilisateurContext-aware applications must manage a continuous stream of context according to dedicated business logic. Research was limited on proposing frameworks and platforms that have predefined behavior toward applications. This thesis attempts to extend background works by proposing new concepts serving as foundation for a flexible approach for building context-aware applications. The thesis examines the state of the art of context-aware computing, then adopts well-established software design principles and a functional decomposition for designing a reference model for context management enabling seamless integration of context-awareness into applications. Also, the thesis studies the use of context in common applications and proposes a context-centric modeling approach which allows the creation of a graph-based representation where entities are connected to each other through links representing context. Furthermore, the context graph decouples the presentation and the semantics of context, leaving each application to manage the appropriate semantic for their context data. Case studies are conducted for the evaluation of the proposed system in terms of its support for the creation of applications enhanced with context-awareness. A simulation study is performed to analyze the performance properties of the proposed system. The result of this thesis is the introduction of a novel approach for supporting the creation of context-aware applications that supports the integration of context-awareness to existing applications. It empowers developers as well as users to participate in the creation process, thereby reducing usability issues
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Riedel, Alexander. "Collaborative scheduling using context-awarenes." Thesis, KTH, Kommunikationssystem, CoS, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-91110.
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Today most cellular phones, personal digital assistants, PCs, etc. offer an electronic calendar. Electronic calendars are especially useful for people who have many different meetings each day and who need to know when the meetings start and who is involved in each meeting. With the aid of a program a calendar can be published on web, shared with other people to enable collaboration, or synchronized between different devices. Current calendaring software offers an almost unlimited set of features and services. However, today such software does not utilize context-awareness, for example exploiting knowledge of the user's location. When people collaborate they often need to meet in order to do a task jointly or discuss something. It can be difficult to plan a meeting because people have booked their available time differently in their calendars. Because of this there is a need to automatically schedule certain types of meetings. In this thesis, a program that schedules meetings automatically is designed, implemented and evaluated. This program facilitates collaboration by finding a commonly available time and/or meeting place for a meeting, thus making it easier for the meeting people to agree. When meetings are scheduled without requiring too much attention from a user and the number of human errors can be reduced while planing a meeting, users do not need to expends as much effort as it goes into scheduling meetings today. Because today a company planing a collaboration task collectively spends a lot of time and effort searching for a commonly available time with this effort increasing non-linearly with increased numbers of participants companies can obviously benefit from automated scheduling systems. Testing with the application reveals that incorporating of user's location information into scheduling is a great tool to facilitate collaboration. The survey also shows the need for extensions to the developed application; with the new features utilizing location information. The evaluation also shows that the developed scheduling program has managed to reduce the time and effort spent while scheduling meetings.Idag finns det en elektronisk kalender i de flesta mobiltelefoner, datorer och PDA:n. Elektroniska kalendrar är användbara framför allt för människor som har flera möten varje dag och som behöver veta när mötena startar vilka som ska delta. Vissa elektroniska kalendrar kan publiceras på webben, delas med andra människor för att möjliggöra samarbete och synkroniseras mellan till exempel mobiltelefoner, datorer och PDA:n. Kalendermjukvara erbjuder idag ett nästan obegränsat antal funktioner och nyttiga tjänster. Denna typ av mjukvara är dock generellt sett inte medveten om information såsom användarens position, vilket i sammanhanget kalls context-awareness. När människor ska samarbeta krävs ofta att de träffas för att utföra uppgifter tillsammans eller diskutera viktiga ämnen. För att kunna ha möten krävs att möten först planeras, vilket kan vara svårt då de inbjudna är olika uppbokade i sina respektive kalendrar. Av den anledningen finns ett behov av att automatisera schemaläggningen för vissa typer av möten. I detta examensarbete skall ett program för automatisk schemaläggning designas, utvecklas och evalueras. Programmet skall underlätta samarbete mellan mötesdeltagare genom att ta över uppgiften att hitta en gemensam tid och/eller plats för ett möte. Programmet skall därmed också underlätta för mötesdeltagarna att komma överens. När möten kan schemaläggas utan att det kräver för mycket uppmärksamhet från användarna och antalet mänskliga fel kan reduceras när möten planeras, behöver man inte lägga lika mycket arbete, som idag, på att schemalägga möten. Eftersom det för tillfället krävs mycket tid och resurser för ett företag för att schemalägga ett möte, samtidigt som tiden för att planera ett möte inte ökar linjärt med antalet deltagare, kommer företag antagligen att dra nytta av ett automatiserat schemaläggningssystem. En undersökning genomförd av ett antal testpersoner som använt applikationen visade på att användarens position var en viktig parameter som kunde förbättra schemaläggningen av möten. Undersökningen visade också att applikationen hade ett stort behov av att vidareutvecklas genom nya potentiella funktioner som tar hänsyn till användarens position. Men viktigast av allt så visade undersökningen på att applikationen lyckats med att reducera tiden det tar för att planera möten.
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Salpietro, Rosario. "Un Sistema di Parcheggio Intelligente basato su Context-Awareness." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2015. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/9109/.
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Leal-Taixé, Laura [Verfasser]. "Multiple object tracking with context awareness / Laura Leal-Taixé." Hannover : Technische Informationsbibliothek und Universitätsbibliothek Hannover (TIB), 2014. http://d-nb.info/1065272502/34.
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Zia, Umar. "Enabling Context Awareness in Ambient Environments using Cloud Infrastructures." Thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Institutionen för informationsteknologi och medier, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-15712.
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This thesis was prepared in collaboration with Acreo (Research and Development Company) and OpenCare (IT Company). Its purpose was to design and develop a research testbed to enable context awareness in pervasive environments by modifying the MediaSense framework (EU Funded project) of Mid Sweden University. In ubiquitous environments, the proliferation of devices such as sensors, active badges, mobile phones, RFID and NfC tags enables the development of intelligent services towards new forms of pervasive applications. These intelligent services seamlessly gather context information and the benefits offered are in the provision of better services. The inspiration given by these intelligent services has meant that the focus of thesis has been on using these services in a healthcare application. The challenge is that the proposed testbed should address the intelligent delivery of health information to any host, anywhere, based on the user’s context. Further, context reasoning requires substantial computing power and smart devices have limited resources in terms of processing and memory, so, the testbed should enable smart communication to take place between these devices. The proposed solution satisfies the stated requirements by using a cloud infrastructure and a Distributed Context eXchange Protocol (DCXP). Any device on the internet that is DCXP capable may register with the architecture and share context information in an efficient way. In order to view context information, TV, smartphones, internet tablets and web interfaces have been provided for both the user and the health centre. By successfully addressing the requirements of the testbed, this thesis has enabled the creation of a pervasive healthcare application. Hence, this thesis concludes with the observation that the proposed approach for context awareness in a healthcare system has the ability to deal with the stated challenges.
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Knappmeyer, Michael. "A context provisioning middleware with support for evolving awareness." Thesis, University of the West of England, Bristol, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.566482.
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This thesis contributes to the research domain of Ubiquitous and Context-aware Computing. It presents a novel middleware (entitled Context Provisioning Middleware with Support for Evolving Awareness; C- ProMiSE) that applies a consumer-producer role model as architectural basis. The middleware aims at supporting diverse applications and services to easily and coherently acquire relevant context information. A mediat- ing Context Broker facilitates the coordination between distributed Context Provider, Context Source and Context Consumer components. The chosen design principles support' self-management capabilities and modular extendibility during run-time. Communication is based on the Representational State Transfer (REST) approach. Context is represented in ContextML, an XML-based modelling schema, enabling a structured generally applicable basis for various context domains, e.g. spatial, temporal, device-specific and user-centric prop- erties. This combination of context management and context representation model allows for gradual and distributed context processing and reasoning. Context is abstracted in various layers from primitive data up to high-level interpretation, e.g. users' activities. Specific emphasis is put on probabilistic reasoning of data originating from physical, virtual and logical sensors. In addition to the conceptualisation, a specific prototype implementation is presented and utilised as ex- perimentation testbed. Its functional evaluation covers field tests and context emulation. With regard to quantitative evaluation, the C-ProMiSE performance is finally assessed by applying both black-box tests of specific prototype components and Discrete Event Simulation at system level. Focus of the experimen- tation is to estimate the responsive context provisioning behaviour realistically. The obtained results lend weight to the argument that a consumer-producer-broker based framework can serve as basis to realise a distributed multi-domain context provisioning middleware that does not only scale physically but also functionally with regard to context processing capabilities. Furthermore, the con- text management, context representation and context processing concepts allow for supporting a variety of emerging and evolving context-aware applications and services.
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Dillon, PJ. "Enabling tetherless care with context-awareness and opportunistic communication." Thesis, University of Pittsburgh, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3690742.
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Tetherless care is a novel healthcare delivery paradigm that enables an interaction between caregivers and patients beyond the confines of traditional points of care. This thesis presents a synthesis of recent advances in wearable, ubiquitous sensing; mobile computing; wireless networks; and health information technology into a cohesive framework that enables and supports the tetherless care concept. Tetherless care is formally defined and modeled in a higher order logical framework. The model distills three relations between several classes in the model’s domain of discourse. A prototype implementation is developed and evaluated to capture and represent the logical classes of tetherless care and provide the development infrastructure upon which the relational logic outlined by the model can be implemented. An algorithm is presented and evaluated to support the delivery of traffic between mobile devices and servers despite intermittent connectivity given the changing urgency of the patient’s situation. And an example tetherless care application is presented, developed for the framework, and compared with its deployment on a similar platform. Results show that contemporary mobile devices supply sufficient power to support 24 hours of operation and that, at least, some patient environments provide sufficient opportunities for connectivity to reliably meet the demands of some tetherless care applications, ultimately leading to a conclusion of proof-of-concept for tetherless care.
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Pathan, Kamran Taj. "Activity awareness in context-aware systems using software sensors." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/28379.
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Context-aware systems being a component of ubiquitous or pervasive computing environment sense the users’ physical and virtual surrounding to adapt their behaviour accordingly. To achieve activity context tracking devices are common practice. Service Oriented Architecture is based on collections of services that communicate with each other. The communication between users and services involves data that can be used to sense the activity context of the user. SOAP is a simple protocol to let applications exchange their information over the web. Semantic Web provides standards to express the relationship between data to allow machines to process data more intelligently. This work proposes an approach for supporting context-aware activity sensing using software sensors. The main challenges in the work are specifying context information in a machine processable form, developing a mechanism that can understand the data extracted from exchanges of services, utilising the data extracted from these services, and the architecture that supports sensing with software sensors. To address these issues, we have provided a bridge to combine the traditional web services with the semantic web technologies, a knowledge structure that supports the activity context information in the context-aware environments and mapping methods that extract the data out of exchanges occurring between user and services and map it into a context model. The Direct Match, the Synonym Match and the Hierarchical Match methods are developed to put the extracted data from services to the knowledge structure. This research will open doors to further develop automated and dynamic context-aware systems that can exploit the software sensors to sense the activity of the user in the context-aware environments.
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Alotaibi, Nouf. "Augmented reality and context awareness for mobile learning systems." Thesis, De Montfort University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2086/11554.
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Learning is one of the most interactive processes that humans practice. The level of interaction between the instructor and his or her audience has the greatest effect on the output of the learning process. Recent years have witnessed the introduction of e-learning (electronic learning), which was then followed by m-learning (mobile learning). While researchers have studied e-learning and m-learning to devise a framework that can be followed to provide the best possible output of the learning process, m-learning is still being studied in the shadow of e-learning. Such an approach might be valid to a limited extent, since both aims to provide educational material over electronic channels. However, m-learning has more space for user interaction because of the nature of the devices and their capabilities. The objective of this work is to devise a framework that utilises augmented reality and context awareness in m-learning systems to increase their level of interaction and, hence, their usability. The proposed framework was implemented and deployed over an iPhone device. The implementation focused on a specific course. Its material represented the use of augmented reality and the flow of the material utilised context awareness. Furthermore, a software prototype application for smart phones, to assess usability issues of m-learning applications, was designed and implemented. This prototype application was developed using the Java language and the Android software development kit, so that the recommended guidelines of the proposed framework were maintained. A questionnaire survey was conducted at the University, with approximately twenty-four undergraduate computer science students. Twenty-four identical smart phones were used to evaluate the developed prototype, in terms of ease of use, ease of navigating the application content, user satisfaction, attractiveness and learnability. Several validation tests were conducted on the proposed augmented reality m-learning verses m-learning. Generally, the respondents rated m-learning with augmented reality as superior to m-learning alone.
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Rangel, Vacas Inmaculada. "Context Aware and Adaptive Mobile Audio." Thesis, KTH, Mikroelektronik och Informationsteknik, IMIT, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-92291.
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Today a large percentage of the population uses a handheld (either a mobile phone or a PDA) a laptop computer, or some other computing device. As this penetration increases, the user wants to take as great an advantage of these devices as possible. It is for that reason that communication is demanded almost everywhere. Simply having continuous access to the network is no longer sufficient thus context awareness and easy accessibility are becoming more and more relevant. The idea of this masters thesis is to explore these ideas building on the prior work of Maria José Parajón Domínguez. The devices used for this study will be an HP iPAQ h5550 and a laptop. A client-server application, whose components will be explained in detail in further sections, was designed to study some factors that may be taken into account when trying to satisfy the users´ demands as stated above. One of these factors could be, for example, what are the effects of having a personal voice interface on the traffic to and from the user’s mobile device. The aim of this voice interface will be to provide more freedom to the user and also satisfy the demand for greater accessibility and facilitate mobile usage, not only for the common user, but also for handicapped people. Regarding the user’s desire to always have connectivity everywhere, we wish to examine the effects on the traffic to and from the user’s handheld, when exploiting significant local storage. Also related to the requirements on current devices to be always and everywhere connected and the huge amount of resources that this entails, it will be of interest to study the possibility of exchanging personalized CODECs (in the extreme case exchanging voice synthesis modules) and how this might affect traffic to and from the user’s mobile device. This last method could potentially greatly reducing both the demands on the communication links and the cost of this connectivity. With all these ideas in mind, this thesis aims to research an area that is nowadays continuously attracting new users and the goal is to find solutions to the demands that have resulted for these trends.Användningen av portabla elektroniska apparater så som mobiltelefoner, handdatorer med mera är nu för tiden vida utbrett. Ju fler apparater som används desto större blir efterfrågan efter mobila tjänster för dessa. Som ett resultat ökar behovet av goda kommunikationslösningar, ofta mer komplexa än endast kontinuerlig dataåtkomst. Syftet med detta examensarbete är att fortsätta att utforska de idéer som Maria José Parajón Domínguez presenterat. För att utföra detta kommer en HP iPAQ h5550 och en bärbar dator att användas. En klient-server applikation kommer att tas fram för att undersöka några faktorer som påverkar kommunikationslösningarna. Ett exempel på en sådan faktor skulle kunna vara effekten av att ha ett personligt röstgränssnitt för trafiken. Syftet med detta gränssnitt skulle vara att erbjuda användaren större frihet och flexibilitet för sitt mobilanvändande, oavsett om användaren lider av något handikapp eller ej. Försök kommer även att göras med att lagra mycket data lokalt på användarens apparat, detta i ett försök att minska datatrafiken då många apparater kräver ständig och intensiv datakommunikation. Det är även av intresse att studera möjligheten av utbyte av personliga algoritmer, så kallade CODEC, och hur dessa skulle kunna påverka datatrafiken till och från den portabla apparaten. Det genomgående syftet för alla dessa faktorer är att sänka belastningen på de kommunikationslänkar som utnyttjas. Målet med denna studie är att undersöka några sätt att möta den ökade belastning på kommunikationssystemen som väntas om trenden för mobilt användande ökar.
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Nwiabu, Nuka D. "Situation awareness approach to context-aware case-based decision support." Thesis, Robert Gordon University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10059/791.
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Context-aware case-based decision support systems (CACBDSS) use the context of users as one of the features for similarity assessment to provide solutions to problems. The combination of a context-aware case-based reasoning (CBR) with general domain knowledge has been shown to improve similarity assessment, solving domain specific problems and problems of uncertain knowledge. Whilst these CBR approaches in context awareness address problems of incomplete data and domain specific problems, future problems that are situation-dependent cannot be anticipated due to lack of data by the CACBDSS to make predictions. Future problems can be predicted through situation awareness (SA), a psychological concept of knowing what is happening around you in order to know the future. The work conducted in this thesis explores the incorporation of SA to CACBDSS. It develops a framework to decouple the interface and underlying data model using an iterative research and design methodology. Two new approaches of using situation awareness to enhance CACBDSS are presented: (1) situation awareness as a problem identification component of CACBDSS (2) situation awareness for both problem identification and solving in CACBDSS. The first approach comprises of two distinct parts; SA, and CBR parts. The SA part understands the problem by using rules to interpret cues from the environment and users. The CBR part uses the knowledge from the SA part to provide solutions. The second approach is a fusion of the two technologies into a single case-based situation awareness (CBSA) model for situation awareness based on experience rather than rule, and problem solving predictions. The CBSA system perceives the users’ context and the environment and uses them to understand the current situation by retrieving similar past situations. The futures of new situations are predicted through knowledge of the history of similar past situations. Implementation of the two approaches in flow assurance control domain to predict the formation of hydrate shows improvements in both similarity assessment and problem solving predictions compared to CACBDSS without SA. Specifically, the second approach provides an improved decision support in scenarios where there are experienced situations. In the absence of experienced situations, the second approach offers more reliable solutions because of its rule-based capability. The adaptation of the user interface of the approaches to the current situation and the presentation of a reusable sequence of tasks in the situation reduces memory loads on operators. The integrated research-design methodology used in realising these approaches links theory and practice, thinking and doing, achieving practical as well as research objectives. The action research with practitioners provided the understanding of the domain activities, the social settings, resources, and goals of users. The user-centered design process ensures an understanding of the users. The agile development model ensures an iterative work, enables faster development of a functional prototype, which are more easily communicated and tested, thus giving better input for the next iteration.
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Halvatzaras, Dimitris. "Combining personalisation and context awareness in a mobile service platform." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/1115.
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Katsiri, Eleftheria. "Middleware support for context-awareness in distributed sensor-driven systems." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.614710.
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Rong, Weng. "Pragmatics and context awareness for web service ranking and selection." Thesis, University of Reading, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.553081.
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Web service plays an important role in implementing Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) for achieving dynamic business process. With the mushrooming number of web services in public repositories, it is becoming vital to provide an efficient web service discovery with respect to a given consumer's requirement. Considerable efforts have been made to address this issue among which includes context aware discovery methods, which have been attained much importance. However, there are two major challenges in this kind of approaches. Firstly, the concept of context is too broad to be defined in a simpler way. As such a question has been raised on how to properly employ contextual information into web service discovery applica- tions. Secondly, a web service discovery process will return a large set of web service candi- dates, among which how to discern the best suited one has become a greater challenge. This research studies contextual information from a web service composition perspective and . explore the possibility of using personal profile to facilitate web service discovery, particu- larly focusing on web service selection as it is pointed out by some scholars that recommen- dation of a proper service is probably the most important task in web service discovery appli- cations. Since it is anticipated that a retrieved web service will often partake in some compo- sition processes, it can be argued that the web service composition provides some useful in- formation for web service discovery. Based on this hypothesis, two types of contextual infor- mation are identified to build up the personal profile, i.e. individual based usage history and group based usage history. The individual based usage history is the consumer's own experi- ence and its capacity is explored to show the feasibility in web service selection. However in reality it is inapplicable to rely on individual history to make decision. To overcome this kind of information insufficiency, a group based usage history is then developed to support coor- dination and knowledge sharing. Finally, a web service selection framework based on the proposed contextual information is presented. An experimental study is then conducted to validate its potential, result analysis is undertaken and some future work directions are identi- fied during the result analysis.
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Leotta, Marco. "Context Awareness in the Internet of Things and its Applications." Doctoral thesis, Università di Catania, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10761/3938.
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In the last decade the role of context awareness, traditionally focused on human to machine interaction, has broadened its perspectives to the machine to machine paradigma. The main goal of this dissertation is both to understand how to apply context awareness to situations , perceived by smart devices, and to conceptually stretch context modeling to a dynamic contextualization in human to machine interactions.
The roots of the Internet of Things paradigma reside in the efforts reached in the Wireless Sensor Networks technology, mostly in data aggregation and in energy saving, and the adoption of multi-agent modeling has gained context awareness application to machine to machine interaction. A well defined methodology, previously applied to human to machine interaction, now can be adopted for smart devices, that behave like humans.
Another evidence of the emergence of the Internet of Things technology nowadays comes from the everyday life experience. The Internet of Things is the key for the practical implementation of innovative software systems for the ubiquitous computing. Thanks to all these technologies, Smart devices (like the Nest Thermostat or the Apple Watch) are currently more and more integrated among them and they are becoming invisible servants for final users. As a proof of this new technological era, we can think about how the usage of the Siri tool has become an automated and unconscious mechanism in looking for a telephone number, in reaching a specific destination, or in driving home heating, to understand the potentialities of merging context awareness to the Internet of Things in a convergent and ubiquitous platform.
The enormous amount of smart devices, currently deployed in the world, have also to deal with an easy knowledge representation of sensed context, in order to provide new mechanisms to automate daily tasks, understanding the behavior of end-users within the surrounding environment.
On the other hand, the rapid growing number of smart devices deployed has a drawback in the future proliferation of high level context models, possibly coupled to lower context levels.
What emerges from the current study is the necessity to easy the management of multiple contexts, to be used by upper level applications. The dynamic contextualization solves this kind of issues, distinguishing from the total amount of features, captured from the surrounding environment, and the context model that is closely related to the issue to be solved.
Deep profiling on context aware usage enhances the development of context aware services, that can simply use an abstraction layer to properly manage underlying context models. What can be deduced is that the customization of context aware services to the user is a key process to narrow the gap between smart devices and their daily usage.
In this dissertation, the definition of high level scenarios have been determined by applying decision trees, for their huge potentialities expressed in dynamic context extraction.
Applications of these concepts were used in developing management systems, addressed to an audience of experienced surgeons in breast cancer, covering surgical suggestions. The formal analysis of multiple datasets (related to the diagnosis of breast cancer), using interactive and navigable decision trees, showed the enormous potentialities of the system, both in knowledge representation (and its spreading), and in the identification of the context, considering the related decision support system mechanisms.
The conclusion of the research activity considers the emergence of context awareness in a future world, more and more full of smart devices connected among them, as an adaptive paradigm, for intra device optimizations and for final users application level benefits.
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Barrientos, Alfredo, Julissa E. Calderón, and Stephanie Mujica. "Context Awareness & Pervasive Computing: Arquitectura lógica de un sistema perceptivo al contexto de un usuario." The International Institute of Informatics and Systemics, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/608513.
Full textAbstract:
Los Sistemas Perceptivos del Contexto son capaces de
reconocer y anticipar proactivamente a necesidades próximas
del usuario teniendo en cuenta intereses, ubicación y
proximidad, incluso sin necesidad de comunicárselo de manera
explícita. Esto gracias al aprovechamiento de las redes sociales
como la herramienta de “Inteligencia de Negocios” que
permitirá no sólo conectar a los consumidores con las marcas
sino también para entender a los clientes finales y con ello
desarrollar productos y servicios especializados. Context
Awareness se apoya de los Sistemas de Posicionamiento Global
(GSP) quienes facilitan servicios basados en la ubicación del
usuario para la creación de soluciones contextuales. Diversas
arquitecturas son propuestas para el desarrollo de soluciones
contextuales sin embargo carecen de ubicuidad, lo que limita la
aplicabilidad de las mismas. Este estudio propone una
arquitectura lógica para un Sistema Perceptivo del Contexto que
permita agilizar la fase de desarrollo reflejando los niveles de
dependencia entre componentes hardware y software. A modo
validación se proponen escenarios aplicativos que consumen los
servicios y dominios propuestos en la arquitectura con ayuda
del procesamiento de los sensores y dispositivos inteligentes del
mercado móvil. De esta manera, el estudio mejora el desarrollo
de los Sistemas Inteligentes.Los Sistemas Perceptivos del Contexto son capaces de reconocer y anticipar proactivamente a necesidades próximas del usuario teniendo en cuenta intereses, ubicación y proximidad, incluso sin necesidad de comunicárselo de manera explícita. Esto gracias al aprovechamiento de las redes sociales como la herramienta de “Inteligencia de Negocios” que permitirá no sólo conectar a los consumidores con las marcas sino también para entender a los clientes finales y con ello desarrollar productos y servicios especializados. Context Awareness se apoya de los Sistemas de Posicionamiento Global (GSP) quienes facilitan servicios basados en la ubicación del usuario para la creación de soluciones contextuales. Diversas arquitecturas son propuestas para el desarrollo de soluciones contextuales sin embargo carecen de ubicuidad, lo que limita la aplicabilidad de las mismas. Este estudio propone una arquitectura lógica para un Sistema Perceptivo del Contexto que permita agilizar la fase de desarrollo reflejando los niveles de dependencia entre componentes hardware y software. A modo validación se proponen escenarios aplicativos que consumen los servicios y dominios propuestos en la arquitectura con ayuda del procesamiento de los sensores y dispositivos inteligentes del mercado móvil. De esta manera, el estudio mejora el desarrollo de los Sistemas Inteligentes.
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Burbey, Ingrid. "Predicting Future Locations and Arrival Times of Individuals." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/27551.
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This work has two objectives: a) to predict people's future locations, and b) to predict when they will be at given locations. Current location-based applications react to the user's current location. The progression from location-awareness to location-prediction can enable the next generation of proactive, context-predicting applications.
Existing location-prediction algorithms predict someone's next location. In contrast, this dissertation predicts someone's future locations. Existing algorithms use a sequence of locations and predict the next location in the sequence. This dissertation incorporates temporal information as timestamps in order to predict someone's location at any time in the future. Sequence predictors based on Markov models have been shown to be effective predictors of someone's next location. This dissertation applies a Markov model to two-dimensional, timestamped location information to predict future locations.
This dissertation also predicts when someone will be at a given location. These predictions can support presence or understanding co-workers’ routines. Predicting the times that someone is going to be at a given location is a very different and more difficult problem than predicting where someone will be at a given time. A location-prediction application may predict one or two key locations for a given time, while there could be hundreds of correct predictions for times of the day that someone will be in a given location. The approach used in this dissertation, a heuristic model loosely based on Market Basket Analysis, is the first to predict when someone will arrive at any given location.
The models are applied to sparse, WiFi mobility data collected on PDAs given to 275 college freshmen. The location-prediction model predicts future locations with 78-91% accuracy. The temporal-prediction model achieves 33-39% accuracy. If a tolerance of plus/minus twenty minutes is allowed, the prediction rates rise to 77%-91%.
This dissertation shows the characteristics of the timestamped, location data which lead to the highest number of correct predictions. The best data cover large portions of the day, with less than three locations for any given timestamp.Ph. D.
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Snow, Bradford Jason. "A Personal Place Awareness System." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1113852696.
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Kaenampornpan, Manasawee. "A context model, design tool and architecture for context-aware systems designs." Thesis, University of Bath, 2009. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.512315.
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Nierhoff, Jan [Verfasser], Thomas A. [Akademischer Betreuer] Herrmann, and Helmut [Akademischer Betreuer] Balzert. "Cognitive context awareness / Jan Nierhoff. Gutachter: Thomas A. Herrmann ; Helmut Balzert." Bochum : Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1089006349/34.
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Zhou, J. (Jiehan). "Pervasive service computing: community coordinated multimedia, context awareness, and service composition." Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2011. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789514296451.
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Abstract This thesis introduces a novel Web service-centric solution to pervasive computing, called Service-oriented Pervasive Computing (also called Pervasive Service Computing), which enables computer systems to deal with context in the user’s environment, to dynamically discover and compose existing services, and to develop Internet-scale multimedia applications that support users’ activities. First, this thesis introduces the concept of Pervasive Service Computing and its relation to community coordinated multimedia, context awareness, and service-oriented computing. It then investigates the state of the art, the practices, and techniques which have been developed to support such services. Building on these tools, this study adopts a service-oriented methodology to design a reference model for Pervasive Service Computing, for accommodating specified technical requirements. This model can serve as a guide for research and development towards Pervasive Service Computing. Second, the thesis examines the nature of community coordinated multimedia, and develops the concept of Community Coordinated Multimedia (CCM). To discover the potentials of discoverability and composability of multimedia applications, the thesis introduces a model for Service-oriented Community Coordinated Multimedia (SCCM), and demonstrates the idea of “multimedia application as a service.” Furthermore, the thesis presents a content annotation service and evaluates its feasibility as an end-user prototype. Third, the thesis investigates the nature of context awareness in Pervasive Service Computing, to broaden the definition of context and context-awareness. This research introduces context-aware pervasive service composition (CAPSC) applications, and specifies three-levels of context awareness. Building on this framework, the context-aware service composition prototype is implemented. Fourth, the author examines the overall potential of service composition in Pervasive Service Computing, distinguishes its two main functions as service collaboration, and service coordination, and then develops an ODPSC (Ontology-Driven Pervasive Service Composition) ontology. To address the availability and scalability of service composition, the thesis introduces options for dynamic service composition in the Cloud, and develops an accelerated Cloud architecture for service composition in the Cloud (namely CM4SC middleware). Last, the CM4SC middleware as a service prototype is implementedTiivistelmä Tässä työssä käsitellään uutta jokapaikan tietotekniikan Web-palvelukeskeistä ratkaisua, palveluorientoitunutta jokapaikan tietotekniikkaa (Pervasive Service Computing). Tämän avulla tietokonejärjestelmät voivat ottaa huomioon käyttäjän ympäristön tilanteen, löytää ja koota palveluja dynaamisesti, ja näin voidaan kehittää Internetin laajuisia käyttäjän toimintoja tukevia multimediasovelluksia. Ensiksi työssä esitellään jokapaikan tietotekniikan palvelujen käsite sekä tällaisten palveluiden suhde yhteisöllisesti koordinoituun multimediaan, tilannetietoisuuten ja palveluorientoituneeseen tietotekniikkaan. Tieteen nykytila sekä tällaisia palveluja tukemaan kehitetyt käytännöt ja tekniikat esitellään. Näihin työkaluihin pohjautuen työssä omaksutaan palveluorientoitunut metodiikka, kun jokapaikan tietotekniikan palveluille suunnitellaan referenssimalli, jonka avulla voidaan määritellä teknisiä vaatimuksia ja joka voi muutenkin toimia ohjenuorana jokapaikan tietotekniikan palvelujen tutkimukselle ja tuotekehitykselle. Toiseksi työssä tutkitaan yhteisöllisesti koordinoidun multimedian ominaispiirteitä ja määritellään yhteisöllisesti koordinoidun multimedian (Community Coordinated Multimedia, CCM) käsite. Multimediasovellusten löydettävyyden ja kokoamisen mahdollisuuksien kartoittamiseen luodaan palveluorientoitunut CCM-malli (Service-oriented Community Coordinated Multimedia, SCCM). Työssä esitellään ”multimediasovellus palveluna” -idea, jonka käyttökelpoisuutta arvioidaan sisältöpohjaisen annotoinnin prototyyppiratkaisun avulla. Kolmanneksi työssä tutkitaan jokapaikan tietotekniikan palvelujen tilannetietoisuutta laajentamalla tilanteen ja tilannetietoisuuden määritelmiä. Tutkimus esittelee tilannetietoiseen jokapaikan tietotekniikan palvelujen kokoamiseen (Context-Aware Pervasive Service Composition, CAPSC) perustuvia sovelluksia ja määrittelee kolme tasoa tilannetietoisuudelle. Tämän viitekehyksen avulla toteutetaan tilannetietoinen palvelujen kokoamisen prototyyppi. Neljänneksi työssä arvioidaan jokapaikan tietotekniikan palvelujen kokoamisen mahdollisuuksia, tunnistetaan sen kaksi keskeistä toiminnallisuutta, palvelujen yhteistoiminnallisuus (service collaboration) ja palvelujen koordinointi (service coordination), sekä kehitetään ODPSC (Ontology-Driven Pervasive Service Composition) -ontologia. Työssä esitetään saavutettavuuden ja laajennettavuuden haasteisiin ratkaisuksi dynaaminen palvelujen kokoaminen pilvipalveluna. Työssä kehitetään kiihdytetty pilviarkkitehtuuri (CM4SC-välikerrosohjelmisto) palvelujen kokoamiseen pilvessä. Lopuksi työssä toteutetaan CM4SC-välikerrosohjelmiston palveluprototyyppi
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Alotaibi, Reem Moteab Sultan. "Learning versatile decision trees : towards context-awareness and multi-label classification." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2016. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.723447.
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Nierhoff, Jan Verfasser], Thomas A. [Akademischer Betreuer] Herrmann, and Helmut [Akademischer Betreuer] [Balzert. "Cognitive context awareness / Jan Nierhoff. Gutachter: Thomas A. Herrmann ; Helmut Balzert." Bochum : Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 2016. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:294-46284.
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Malatras, Apostolos. "Context-awareness for the self-management of mobile ad hoc networks." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2007. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/844631/.
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Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs) have emerged as a new paradigm in communication networks, enabling pervasive computing and ubiquitous communication environments. Their main characteristic is the mobility that nodes exhibit, with the network topology changing potentially rapidly and unpredictably. Traditional wireless networks require some form of fixed network infrastructure and centralised administration for their operation. On the contrary, MANETs are spontaneously formed, with individual nodes responsible for dynamically discovering other nodes they can communicate with. The key benefits of MANETs such as the lack of centralised administration, tether-less computing capabilities and community- based short-term network establishment are hindered by the management difficulties caused by the flexible infrastructure that underlies these benefits. There is a need for frameworks that can support the self-management of MANETs according to predefined goals or policies. We assert that such a highly dynamic environment can potentially benefit from context information that will drive its self-management, resulting in a degree of autonomy. High-level management rules expressed as policies - to achieve extensibility and flexibility - can guide the MANET configuration, triggered by context information gathered by every node and disseminated across the MANET for network-wide understanding to be established. This closed-loop adaptive management can thus lead to self-configuration, self-optimisation, and hence autonomy. This thesis addresses all critical aspects of the design, implementation and deployment of a context-aware framework to achieve self-management of MANETs. Context awareness achieved through context modelling and efficient monitoring is the foundation of this thesis. It feeds the management scheme that is built on the requirements of a MANET-oriented organisational model. Based on dynamic context information, the management scheme enforces through a programmable configuration platform changes in the MANET nodes so as to conform to the high-level management decisions. These decisions may in turn result in new context information being generated and thus new management decisions to be taken. Consequently a closed loop self-management cycle is generated, which can lead to self-optimisation, self-protection and self-healing of MANETs, subject to the appropriate network policies having been introduced into the system. The proposed context-aware framework for the self-management of MANETs is generic enough to support management changes based on any type of monitored context information, In order to validate the proposed framework, we have selected a particular application case study that relates to an adaptive routing protocol strategy. The relative mobility of the nodes in a MANET is monitored and relevant information triggers routing protocol selection and deployment. The deployed routing protocol is the appropriate one for the monitored conditions. Evaluation of this work was done using analytical modelling, simulation and also testbed experimentation. Obviously our framework is not restricted to dynamic routing strategies but allows for dynamic strategies of diverse nature to be deployed on MANETs in a generic fashion based on any type of context information. Keywords: context-awareness, context modelling, mobile ad hoc networks, network management.
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Quintal, Kyle. "Context-Awareness for Adversarial and Defensive Machine Learning Methods in Cybersecurity." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/40835.
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Machine Learning has shown great promise when combined with large volumes of historical data and produces great results when combined with contextual properties. In the world of the Internet of Things, the extraction of information regarding context, or contextual information, is increasingly prominent with scientific advances. Combining such advancements with artificial intelligence is one of the themes in this thesis. Particularly, there are two major areas of interest: context-aware attacker modelling and context-aware defensive methods. Both areas use authentication methods to either infiltrate or protect digital systems. After a brief introduction in chapter 1, chapter 2 discusses the current extracted contextual information within cybersecurity studies, and how machine learning accomplishes a variety of cybersecurity goals. Chapter 3 introduces an attacker injection model, championing the adversarial methods. Then, chapter 4 extracts contextual data and provides an intelligent machine learning technique to mitigate anomalous behaviours. Chapter 5 explores the feasibility of adopting a similar defensive methodology in the cyber-physical domain, and future directions are presented in chapter 6. Particularly, we begin this thesis by explaining the need for further improvements in cybersecurity using contextual information and discuss its feasibility, now that ubiquitous sensors exist in our everyday lives. These sensors often show a high correlation with user identity in surprising combinations. Our first contribution lay within the domain of Mobile CrowdSensing (MCS). Despite its benefits, MCS requires proper security solutions to prevent various attacks, notably injection attacks. Our smart-injection model, SINAM, monitors data traffic in an online-learning manner, simulating an injection model with undetection rates of 99%. SINAM leverages contextual similarities within a given sensing campaign to mimic anomalous injections. On the flip-side, we investigate how contextual features can be utilized to improve authentication methods in an enterprise context. Also motivated by the emergence of omnipresent mobile devices, we expand the Spatio-temporal features of unfolding contexts by introducing three contextual metrics: document shareability, document valuation, and user cooperation. These metrics are vetted against modern machine learning techniques and achieved an average of 87% successful authentication attempts. Our third contribution aims to further improve such results but introducing a Smart Enterprise Access Control (SEAC) technique. Combining the new contextual metrics with SEAC achieved an authenticity precision of 99% and a recall of 97%. Finally, the last contribution is an introductory study on risk analysis and mitigation using context. Here, cyber-physical coupling metrics are created to extract a precise representation of unfolding contexts in the medical field. The presented consensus algorithm achieves initial system conveniences and security ratings of 88% and 97% with these news metrics. Even as a feasibility study, physical context extraction shows good promise in improving cybersecurity decisions. In short, machine learning is a powerful tool when coupled with contextual data and is applicable across many industries. Our contributions show how the engineering of contextual features, adversarial and defensive methods can produce applicable solutions in cybersecurity, despite minor shortcomings.
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Le, Roux Theo. "The value of context awareness within information technology audit and governance." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/3012.
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Thesis (MTech (Business Information Systems))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2020A shared common understanding or context awareness (CA) of IT Audit and Governance among all the internal stakeholders of a business remains an important factor. This context awareness is needed between the business itself, the IT department, and the Audit and Risk functions of the business. The research problem states that there is a lack of shared context awareness among all stakeholders when conducting IT audits and implementing IT Governance. To answer the research questions, a case study research strategy was followed using an International Services Group of companies operating from South Africa. The case study offered a diverse group of companies and vast experience in the South African Services, Trading, and Distribution sector. The diversity of this group of companies made it a perfect candidate for understanding context and the value of context in IT when conducting IT audits. The following research questions were asked: i) What are the factors affecting a shared context understanding among the stakeholders when conducting IT audits and implementing IT Governance? ii) How can a shared context understanding among stakeholders be achieved when conducting IT audits and implementing IT Governance? The aim of the study was to explore the value of context awareness within IT Audit and Governance in order to identify the value of shared context understanding. Data collection was done by means of interviews using semi-structured questionnaires and an interview guide. Qualitative data analysis techniques were adopted for this research. The conclusion of the study highlights the importance of a collective understanding of the business’s context in order to obtain alignment in business, IT, and Audit. It refers to the same or a similar understanding of the business processes; this takes time and is unique on all levels.
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SANTOS, Vaninha Vieira dos. "CEManTIKA: a Domain-independent framework for designing context sensitive systems." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2008. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/1573.
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Previous issue date: 2008Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
Em uma época em que os usuários precisam processar uma quantidade cada vez maior de informação e executar tarefas cada vez mais complexas em um intervalo menor de tempo, a introdução do conceito de contexto em sistemas computacionais torna-se uma necessidade. Contexto é definido como as condições interelacionadas em que alguma coisa existe ou ocorre . Contexto é o que viabiliza a identificação do que é ou não relevante em uma dada situação. Sistemas sensíveis ao contexto são aqueles que utilizam contexto para prover informações ou serviços relevantes para a execução de uma tarefa. Projetar um sistema sensível ao contexto não é trivial, uma vez que é necessário lidar com questões relacionadas a que tipo de informação considerar como contexto, como representar essas informações, como podem ser adquiridas e processadas e como projetar o uso do contexto pelo sistema. Embora existam trabalhos que tratem desafios específicos envolvidos no desenvolvimento de sistemas sensíveis ao contexto, a maioria das soluções é proprietária ou restrita a um determinado tipo de aplicação e não são facilmente replicáveis em diferentes domínios de aplicação. Além disso, um outro problema é que projetistas de software têm dificuldade em especificar o que exatamente considerar como contexto e como projetar a sua representação, gerenciamento e uso. Esta tese propõe um framework de apoio ao projeto de sistemas sensíveis ao contexto em diferentes domínios, o qual é composto por quatro elementos principais: (i) uma arquitetura genérica para sistemas sensíveis ao contexto, (ii) um metamodelo de contexto independente de domínio, que guia a modelagem de contexto em diferentes aplicações; (iii) um conjunto de perfis UML que considera a estrutura do contexto e do comportamento sensível ao contexto; e (iv) um processo que direciona a execução de atividades relacionadas à especificação do contexto e ao projeto de sistemas sensíveis ao contexto. Para investigar a viabilidade da proposta, desenvolvemos o projeto de duas aplicações em diferentes domínios. Para uma destas aplicações, foi criado um protótipo funcional, o qual foi avaliado por usuários finais
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Pather, Direshin. "A model for context awareness for mobile applications using multiple-input sources." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/2969.
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Context-aware computing enables mobile applications to discover and benefit from valuable context information, such as user location, time of day and current activity. However, determining the users’ context throughout their daily activities is one of the main challenges of context-aware computing. With the increasing number of built-in mobile sensors and other input sources, existing context models do not effectively handle context information related to personal user context. The objective of this research was to develop an improved context-aware model to support the context awareness needs of mobile applications. An existing context-aware model was selected as the most complete model to use as a basis for the proposed model to support context awareness in mobile applications. The existing context-aware model was modified to address the shortcomings of existing models in dealing with context information related to personal user context. The proposed model supports four different context dimensions, namely Physical, User Activity, Health and User Preferences. A prototype, called CoPro was developed, based on the proposed model, to demonstrate the effectiveness of the model. Several experiments were designed and conducted to determine if CoPro was effective, reliable and capable. CoPro was considered effective as it produced low-level context as well as inferred context. The reliability of the model was confirmed by evaluating CoPro using Quality of Context (QoC) metrics such as Accuracy, Freshness, Certainty and Completeness. CoPro was also found to be capable of dealing with the limitations of the mobile computing platform such as limited processing power. The research determined that the proposed context-aware model can be used to successfully support context awareness in mobile applications. Design recommendations were proposed and future work will involve converting the CoPro prototype into middleware in the form of an API to provide easier access to context awareness support in mobile applications.