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1
Belleri, Delia <1983>. "Semantic under-determinacy, Content and Context." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2012. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/4980/1/Belleri_Delia_Tesi.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of the thesis is to investigate the topic of semantic under-determinacy, i.e. the failure of the semantic content of certain expressions to determine a truth-evaluable utterance content. In the first part of the thesis, I engage with the problem of setting apart semantic under-determinacy as opposed to other phenomena such as ambiguity, vagueness, indexicality. As I will argue, the feature that distinguishes semantic under-determinacy from these phenomena is its being explainable solely in terms of under-articulation. In the second part of the thesis, I discuss the topic of how communication is possible, despite the semantic under-determinacy of language. I discuss a number of answers that have been offered: (i) the Radical Contextualist explanation which emphasises the role of pragmatic processes in utterance comprehension; (ii) the Indexicalist explanation in terms of hidden syntactic positions; (iii) the Relativist account, which regards sentences as true or false relative to extra coordinates in the circumstances of evaluation (besides possible worlds). In the final chapter, I propose an account of the comprehension of utterances of semantically under-determined sentences in terms of conceptual constraints, i.e. ways of organising information which regulate thought and discourse on certain matters. Conceptual constraints help the hearer to work out the truth-conditions of an utterance of a semantically under-determined sentence. Their role is clearly semantic, in that they contribute to “what is said” (rather than to “what is implied”); however, they do not respond to any syntactic constraint. The view I propose therefore differs, on the one hand, from Radical Contextualism, because it stresses the role of semantic-governed processes as opposed to pragmatics-governed processes; on the other hand, it differs from Indexicalism in its not endorsing any commitment as to hidden syntactic positions; and it differs from Relativism in that it maintains a monadic notion if truth.Scopo della tesi è indagare il tema della sottodeterminazione semantica, ossia il fenomeno per cui il contenuto semantico di un'espressione non determina un contenuto passibile di valutazione per i propri proferimenti. Nella prima parte della tesi, affronto il problema di come distinguere la sottodeterminazione semantica da fenomeni quali ambiguità, vaghezza, indicalità. Sosterrò che ciò che distingue la sottodeterminazione semantica è la possibilità di spiegarla unicamente in termini di sotto-articolazione. Nella seconda parte della tesi, discuto il problema di come la comunicazione sia possibile, nonostante la sottodeterminazione semantica. Prendo in considerazione varie risposte: (i) il Contestualismo Radicale, per cui processi pragmatici intervengono nella comprensione dei proferimenti; (ii) la spiegazione Indicalista, in termini di posizioni articolate in sintassi profonda; (iii) il Relativismo, secondo cui gli enunciati sono veri o falsi rispetto a coordinate aggiuntive nelle circostanze di valutazione (oltre ai mondi possibili). Nel capitolo finale, propongo un resoconto per cui la comprensione di enunciati sottodeterminati si avvale di vincoli concettuali. I vincoli concettuali sono modi di organizzare l'informazione che regolano il pensiero e il discorso. Nella prospettiva che difendo, i vincoli concettuali vengono sfruttati dall'ascoltatore per ricostruire il contenuto di un proferimento sotto-determinato. Il ruolo dei vincoli concettuali è senza dubbio semantico, poiché essi contribuiscono a determinare “ciò che è detto” (non “ciò che è implicato”). Ciononostante, essi non rispondono ad alcun vincolo sintattico. La mia proposta si discosta dal Contestualismo Radicale, perché dà risalto a processi semantici anziché a processi pragmatici. D'altro canto, si discosta dall'Indicalismo nel non postulare posizioni nascoste in sintassi profonda; infine, differisce dal Relativismo poiché mantiene una nozione monadica di verità.
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Belleri, Delia <1983>. "Semantic under-determinacy, Content and Context." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2012. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/4980/.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of the thesis is to investigate the topic of semantic under-determinacy, i.e. the failure of the semantic content of certain expressions to determine a truth-evaluable utterance content. In the first part of the thesis, I engage with the problem of setting apart semantic under-determinacy as opposed to other phenomena such as ambiguity, vagueness, indexicality. As I will argue, the feature that distinguishes semantic under-determinacy from these phenomena is its being explainable solely in terms of under-articulation. In the second part of the thesis, I discuss the topic of how communication is possible, despite the semantic under-determinacy of language. I discuss a number of answers that have been offered: (i) the Radical Contextualist explanation which emphasises the role of pragmatic processes in utterance comprehension; (ii) the Indexicalist explanation in terms of hidden syntactic positions; (iii) the Relativist account, which regards sentences as true or false relative to extra coordinates in the circumstances of evaluation (besides possible worlds). In the final chapter, I propose an account of the comprehension of utterances of semantically under-determined sentences in terms of conceptual constraints, i.e. ways of organising information which regulate thought and discourse on certain matters. Conceptual constraints help the hearer to work out the truth-conditions of an utterance of a semantically under-determined sentence. Their role is clearly semantic, in that they contribute to “what is said” (rather than to “what is implied”); however, they do not respond to any syntactic constraint. The view I propose therefore differs, on the one hand, from Radical Contextualism, because it stresses the role of semantic-governed processes as opposed to pragmatics-governed processes; on the other hand, it differs from Indexicalism in its not endorsing any commitment as to hidden syntactic positions; and it differs from Relativism in that it maintains a monadic notion if truth.Scopo della tesi è indagare il tema della sottodeterminazione semantica, ossia il fenomeno per cui il contenuto semantico di un'espressione non determina un contenuto passibile di valutazione per i propri proferimenti. Nella prima parte della tesi, affronto il problema di come distinguere la sottodeterminazione semantica da fenomeni quali ambiguità, vaghezza, indicalità. Sosterrò che ciò che distingue la sottodeterminazione semantica è la possibilità di spiegarla unicamente in termini di sotto-articolazione. Nella seconda parte della tesi, discuto il problema di come la comunicazione sia possibile, nonostante la sottodeterminazione semantica. Prendo in considerazione varie risposte: (i) il Contestualismo Radicale, per cui processi pragmatici intervengono nella comprensione dei proferimenti; (ii) la spiegazione Indicalista, in termini di posizioni articolate in sintassi profonda; (iii) il Relativismo, secondo cui gli enunciati sono veri o falsi rispetto a coordinate aggiuntive nelle circostanze di valutazione (oltre ai mondi possibili). Nel capitolo finale, propongo un resoconto per cui la comprensione di enunciati sottodeterminati si avvale di vincoli concettuali. I vincoli concettuali sono modi di organizzare l'informazione che regolano il pensiero e il discorso. Nella prospettiva che difendo, i vincoli concettuali vengono sfruttati dall'ascoltatore per ricostruire il contenuto di un proferimento sotto-determinato. Il ruolo dei vincoli concettuali è senza dubbio semantico, poiché essi contribuiscono a determinare “ciò che è detto” (non “ciò che è implicato”). Ciononostante, essi non rispondono ad alcun vincolo sintattico. La mia proposta si discosta dal Contestualismo Radicale, perché dà risalto a processi semantici anziché a processi pragmatici. D'altro canto, si discosta dall'Indicalismo nel non postulare posizioni nascoste in sintassi profonda; infine, differisce dal Relativismo poiché mantiene una nozione monadica di verità.
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Jakobsen, Gitte Dreyer, and Andreas Persson. "Environmental Performance : Content and Context." Thesis, Högskolan i Kalmar, Handelshögskolan BBS, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hik:diva-1793.
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We started out with a focus on how companies act when considering the environment in business, but the research took us further than that and led us to the root of our research focus. We are discussing aspects pertaining to the relation of society – and business life, and how human beings perceive the connection to nature. Our initial thought was to study business and how companies handle the environmental context, but the social context appeared to us as well with its strong connection to the environment. The master thesis is written with a respect for the environment and with an aspiration to give a sense of the larger context wherein nature and human itself exist. The environment is a complex issue for companies to handle. The benefits of improving the environmental performance are not always clear, which induces companies with insecurity as to what strategic action should be taken. The development of environmental performance over the years has resulted in certain environmental deeds, which have become institutionalized in different industries. What is considered to be ethically acceptable is not easily established, but it is a term companies are facing more often, especially when companies take actions that give them higher influence on society. Every company can claim to be environmentally friendly, at the same time, consumers are skeptical towards these claims, which complicates sincere attempts of environmental improvements. A company’s reality is constructed by people, and the company has to adjust to the demands people have outside and inside the organization. It is people’s perception of the environment that will state the demands of a company. We have studied three companies and how they handle their environmental performance that is determined by the business context, and the perception the interviewees have thereof. In the environmental area of sustainability, ISO-certification is an industry norm that is created, sustainable forestry is another, but we have realized that the environmental area is not balanced. The norms and expectations of society conflict with business and environmental considerations. That is why some companies are hesitant in initiating environmental action, because environmental initiatives cost, as any investment does, and might not give back tangible benefits.
4
Brouwer, John Frederick. "Richard Baxter's Christian Directory : context and content." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2005. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/251961.
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Arnatt, Matthew. "Contents, and criticisms as reflexes to content." Thesis, Goldsmiths College (University of London), 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.514226.
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Yli-Vakkuri, Tuomo Juhani. "Essays on semantic content and context-sensitivity." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2012. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:bbdfacab-c35b-42a9-9f77-28479e3015b9.
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The thesis comprises three foundational studies on the topics named in its title, together with an introduction. Ch. 1 argues against a popular combination of views in the philosophy of language: Propositionality, which says that the semantic values of natural language sentences (relative to contexts) are the propositions they express (in those contexts) and Compositionality, which says that the semantic value of a complex expression of a natural language (in a context) is determined by the semantic values its immediate constituents have (in that same context) together with their syntactic mode of combination. Ch. 1 argues that the Naïve Picture is inconsistent with the presence of variable-binding in natural languages. Ch. 2 criticizes the strategy of using “operator arguments” to establish relativist conclusions such as: that the truth values of propositions vary with time (Time Relativism) or that they vary with location (Location Relativism). Operator arguments purport to derive the conclusion that propositions vary in truth value along some parameter P from the premise that there are, in some language, sentential operators that operate on or “shift” the P parameter. I identify two forms of operator argument, offer a reconstruction of each, and I argue that both they rely on an implausible, coarse-grained conception of propositions. Ch. 3 is an assessment of the prospects for semantic internalism. It argues, first, that to accommodate Putnam’s famous Twin Earth examples, an internalist must maintain that narrow semantic content determines different extensions relative to agents and times. Second, that the most thoroughly worked out version of semantic internalism – the epistemic two-dimensionalism (E2D) of David Chalmers – can accommodate the original Twin Earth thought experiments but is refuted by similar thought experiments that involve temporally or spatially symmetric agents.
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Kassim, Mona Yati Mohd. "Tourism in Brunei Darussalam : content and context." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2003. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/34408.
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The purpose of this research was to analyse the content and context of tourism stakeholder management in Negara Brunei Darussalam and to investigate stakeholder views on tourism management, planning and development. The author attempted to identify the web of stakeholders as perceived by the main key groups of players in the tourism industry in the months leading up to the sultanate's first ever 'Visit Brunei Year 2001'. In addition, she attempted to investigate the underlying causes of ineffective tourism management in Negara Brunei Darussalam, which operates under a strict Malay Muslim Monarchy ('Melayu Islam Beraja' or'MIB') system of governance and national philosophy. Many hold the view that developing the tourism industry in Negara Brunei Darussalam is a necessary stepping-stone towards diversification from its dependence on oil and gas. However, very little effort has been made to educate the general community on its benefits and disadvantages. In addition, only a very select group of people are directly involved in its planning and development leading to conflict in the community. Little has been said about real community support of tourism development and on the impact it may have on its stakeholders. The present study has attempted to do this. Problems in tourism management, planning and development are expected to arise because of Negara Brunei Darussalam's inexperience in this field, lack of coordination and planning between government and private sectors; and, perhaps due to conflict between its MIB philosophy and the perceived negative nature of the tourism industry. Research was conducted in several stages from November 1999 to February 2001. Data collection from the fieldwork was elicited through questionnaires administered by four trained interviewers in all four districts in Negara Brunei Darussalam and through in-depth interviews with selected tourism stakeholders by the author. The author observed that key players of tourism were relatively unaware of the concept of community participation in tourism development and planning, as well as the identity of a wider range of tourism stakeholders. The community at large does support tourism development and planning and expectations for accrual of tourism revenue and benefits are high. Many in the private sector have voiced the view that the government should do more to give this industry a boost. Similarly, the governmental body believes that a pro-active private sector is needed for sustainability of this industry. An alternative model to western stakeholder management is proposed that is applicable to this small Muslim sultanate.
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RUBINSZTEJN, HANA KARINA SALLES. "CONTEXT-BASED CONTENT ADAPTATION FOR PUBLISH/SUBSCRIBE SYSTEMS." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2007. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=11494@1.
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CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICOServiços para disseminação de informações (serviços push) têm sido amplamente utilizados, em particular para aplicações envolvendo usuários móveis. Estes serviços geralmente atendem a dispositivos com recursos bem diferenciados e em contextos de execução (conectividade sem fio, reserva de energia, etc.) distintos, fazendo necessário adaptar o conteúdo difundido dinamica- e individualmente para cada cliente. Uma vez que muitas adaptações de conteúdo envolvem operações custosas e demandam alto poder de processamento, estas não devem ser realizadas nos clientes móveis. Por outro lado, executar no servidor, as adaptações para cada cliente móvel, torna- se pouco eficiente e escalável. Assim, em tais serviços, é comum utilizar-se intermediários dedicados às adaptações de conteúdo (de acordo com o contexto) dos clientes. Comunicação assíncrona, como publish/subscribe, é considerada por muitos como a mais apropriada para este tipo de serviço. Por outro lado, sistemas para adaptação de conteúdo sensível a contexto não dão suporte a este tipo de comunicação, até porque a adaptação precisa ser individual, e portanto conflita com o paradigma de comunicação um-para-muitos. Neste trabalho apresentamos uma arquitetura para sistemas publish/subscribe com adaptação sensível a contexto, que utiliza um algoritmo que otimiza a adaptação de conteúdo para grandes conjuntos de clientes de uma difusão.
Services for information dissemination (push services) are being widely used, in particular for applications involving mobile users. These services generally serve devices with diferent resources and with distinct execution contexts (wireless connectivity, energy source, etc.), making it necessary to adapt disseminated content individual and dynamically for each client. Since many content adaptations involve costly operations and demand high processing power, these should not be executed at the mobile clients. On the other hand, it is neither efficient nor scalable to execute the adaptations for each mobile client at the server. Thus, in such services, it is common to use proxies dedicated to content adaptations (based on the context) of clients. Asynchronous communication, such as publish/- subscribe, is considered the most appropriate form of communication for this type of service. On the other hand, systems for context-aware content adaptation do not support this type of communication. In this thesis we present an architecture for publish/subscribe systems with context-aware content adaptation, that uses an algorithm that optimizes the content adaptation for large sets of clients.
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Solomontos-Kountouri, Olga. "The stages, content and context of adolescent identity." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2006. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10020527/.
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Adolescent identity attracts much interest in the research community, however the majority of existing studies conceptualise it as a global construct with minor examination of its content. The present research focuses on a snapshot of domainspecific identities: political, religious and occupational, viewed as complex constructs, and examines them in various dimensions. First, the developmental stages of global identity as theorised by Erikson and Marcia are critically contrasted with domainspecific identities. Second, the analysis of the content of adolescents' identities reveals different values, attitudes and beliefs, which were used in a cluster analysis to identify distinct identity types. Thirdly, gender and context differences of developmental stages, content and types of adolescents' identities are considered. The context of Greek Cypriot society, specifically, the ecological systems of the politics of partition, the strong Greek Orthodox faith and the contradictions of tradition and modernisation/Europeanization are used to understand the role of the environment in adolescents' identities. In a cross-sectional survey, 1,038 Greek Cypriot adolescents (449 males and 589 females, mean age 16.8) completed part of the Extended Objective Measure of Ego- Identity Status, which assesses identity developmental stages in both global and domain-specific identities. They were also asked to write three answers to three questions of the type "Who Are You?" in each of the referred identity domains. This valuable textual data was analysed by using both variable and person-centered approaches. The results suggest that the identity of adolescents does not always develop synchronously across its domains, thus, the presentation of only global identity conceals the complexity of identity as a multi-faceted concept. This was especially evident in the analysis of the content of political, religious and occupational identities that revealed interesting and varying elements, as well as meaningful and heterogeneous identity types. The significance of identity content and its use in the understanding of adolescent identity is highlighted. Gender and context are integral parts of the developmental stages and the content of adolescents' identities.
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Gilfether, Kevin G. "The Content of Thought Experiments and Philosophical Context." Oberlin College Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=oberlin1368182630.
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Abou, Osman Andrei, and Amela Gerzic. "Content creation activities related to content marketing through social media. : A qualitative study in a B2B context." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för marknadsföring (MF), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-67310.
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Background: Companies have lately been engaging their business activities onto social mediaand its platforms. They are taking advantage of the opportunities provided by social media and they are starting to realize the importance of content marketing. Problem Discussion: Content marketing has been researched previously research. However, the research regarding B2B content marketing and the differences between B2B and B2C content is still rather limited. The question lingers whether the same principles apply to firms working with B2B as well. Moreover, a clear framework or guide regarding the way that content should be created does not yet exist – a guide including the aspects may be taken into account when creating content and implementing content marketing. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to understand and describe how companies deal with the content creation process, within content marketing through social media. Research Question: How do companies handle content creation for content marketing through social media? Methodology: This thesis has taken a qualitative and abductive approach on the study. It hasbeen based on a multiple-case study, where semi-structured interviews took place with sevenfirms working with content marketing and content creation - in a B2B context. Conclusion: All seven firms have a uniform understanding of content marketing, aligned withprevious research. The study concludes that there are similarities between the ways that companies handle content marketing. Furthermore, the study concludes that there are general traits that needs to always be taken into consideration when creating content s.a. long term planning, providing value to the customer, well thought out message and choosing the right channels for content distribution.
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Svensson, Martin, and Oskar Pettersson. "Case study: Extending content metadata by appending user context." Thesis, Växjö University, School of Mathematics and Systems Engineering, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:vxu:diva-743.
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Recent developments in modern computing and wireless networks allow mobile devices to be connected to the Internet regardless of their physical location. These mobile devices, such as smart phones and PDAs, have turned into powerful multimedia units allowing users to become producers of rich media content. This latest development contributes to the ever-growing amount of digital material existing on the World Wide Web, and at the same time creates a new information landscape that combines content coming from both, the wired and mobile Internet. Thus, it is important to understand the context or settings in which mobile devices are used, and what is the digital content produced by the different users. In order to gain more knowledge about this domain, we have investigated how to extend the standard metadata related to content with a metadata domain describing the context, or settings in which the content has been created.
In order to limit the scope of our work, we have focused our efforts in a specific case taking place in a project called AMULETS. The AMULETS-project contains all of the elements we need in order to resemble the contextual setting in a metadata model. Combined with the technical metadata associated to the digital content, we try to display the benefits of capturing the different attributes of the context that were present when the content was generated. Additionally, we have created a proof-of-concept Entity Relation (ER)-diagram which proposes how the metadata models can be implemented in a relational database. As the nature of the thesis is design-oriented, a model has been developed and it will be illustrated throughout this report. The aim of the thesis is to show how it is possible to design new metadata models that combine both relevant attributes of the context and content in order to develop new educational activities supported by location-based services.
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Pinto, Filipe Cabral. "Context-aware multimedia content distribution to groups of users." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.545976.
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Terfve, Camille Delphine Alice. "Modelling high content proteomics data in a signalling context." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2014. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.708108.
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Barbro, Patrick A. "Content and Context: Consumer Interactions with Digital Decision Aids." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2015. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/332469.
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Business Administration/MarketingPh.D.
Through four essays, this dissertation contributes to the body of marketing literature by advancing understanding of consumer interactions with digital decision aids. Different aspects of the content contained within digital decision aids are explored in several contexts. First, the drivers of consumer interactivity in an online review community are examined and it is found that violations of community norms are an important factor in stimulating consumer action. Second, a tool is developed to facilitate the normalization of online review content across languages. Next, elements of language and national culture are investigated to determine their influence on consumer reviews in an international context. It is found that cultural biases play an important role in the relative verbosity, valence, and helpfulness of online reviews across countries. Lastly, the role of images in digital decision aids is considered and it is found that image type and perspective can influence consumer product evaluation. In sum, the influence that content and context have on consumer interactions with digital decision aids is clearly demonstrated through a diverse yet intertwined set of studies.
Temple University--Theses
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Apodaca, Andrew Thomas. "Content versus Context in the Accuracy of Episodic Memories." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/192280.
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Broilo, Mattia. "Photo Indexing and Retrieval based on Content and Context." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trento, 2011. https://hdl.handle.net/11572/369243.
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The widespread use of digital cameras, as well as the increasing popularity of online photo sharing has led to the proliferation of networked photo collections. Handling such a huge amount of media, without imposing complex and time consuming archiving procedures, is highly desirable and poses a number of interesting research challenges to the media community. In particular, the definition of suitable content based indexing and retrieval methodologies is attracting the effort of a large number of researchers worldwide, who proposed various tools for automatic content organization, retrieval, search, annotation and summarization. In this thesis, we will present and discuss three different approaches for content-and-context based retrieval. The main focus will be put on personal photo albums, which can be considered one of the most challenging application domains in this field, due to the largely unstructured and variable nature of the datasets. The methodologies that we will describe can be summarized into the following three points:
i. Stochastic approaches to exploit the user interaction in query-by-example photos retrieval. Understanding the subjective meaning of a visual query, by converting it into numerical parameters that can be extracted and compared by a computer, is the paramount challenge in the field of intelligent image retrieval, also referred to as the “semantic gap†problem. An innovative approach is proposed that combines a relevance feedback process with a stochastic optimization engine, as a way to grasp user's semantics through optimized iterative learning providing on one side a better exploration of the search space, and on the other side avoiding stagnation in local minima during the retrieval.
ii. Unsupervised event collection, segmentation and summarization. The need for automatic tools able to extract salient moments and provide automatic summary of large photo galleries is becoming more and more important due to the exponential growth in the use of digital media for recording personal, familiar or social life events. The multi-modal event segmentation algorithm faces the summarization problem in an holistic way, making it possible to exploit the whole available information in a fully unsupervised way. The proposed technique aims at providing such a tool, with the specific goal of reducing the need of complex parameter settings and letting the system be widely useful for as many situations as possible.
iii. Content-based synchronization of multiple galleries related to the same event.
The large spread of photo cameras makes it quite common that an event is acquired through different devices, conveying different subjects and perspectives of the same happening. Automatic tools are more and more used to support the users in organizing such archives, and it is largely accepted that time information is crucial to this purpose. Unfortunately time-stamps may be affected by erroneous or imprecise setting of the camera clock. The synchronization algorithm presented is the first that uses the content of pictures to estimate the mutual delays among different cameras, thus achieving an a-posteriori synchronization of various photo collections referring to the same event.
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Broilo, Mattia. "Photo Indexing and Retrieval based on Content and Context." Doctoral thesis, University of Trento, 2011. http://eprints-phd.biblio.unitn.it/584/1/Mattia_Broilo_-_PhD_Thesis.pdf.
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The widespread use of digital cameras, as well as the increasing popularity of online photo sharing has led to the proliferation of networked photo collections. Handling such a huge amount of media, without imposing complex and time consuming archiving procedures, is highly desirable and poses a number of interesting research challenges to the media community. In particular, the definition of suitable content based indexing and retrieval methodologies is attracting the effort of a large number of researchers worldwide, who proposed various tools for automatic content organization, retrieval, search, annotation and summarization. In this thesis, we will present and discuss three different approaches for content-and-context based retrieval. The main focus will be put on personal photo albums, which can be considered one of the most challenging application domains in this field, due to the largely unstructured and variable nature of the datasets. The methodologies that we will describe can be summarized into the following three points:
i. Stochastic approaches to exploit the user interaction in query-by-example photos retrieval. Understanding the subjective meaning of a visual query, by converting it into numerical parameters that can be extracted and compared by a computer, is the paramount challenge in the field of intelligent image retrieval, also referred to as the “semantic gap” problem. An innovative approach is proposed that combines a relevance feedback process with a stochastic optimization engine, as a way to grasp user's semantics through optimized iterative learning providing on one side a better exploration of the search space, and on the other side avoiding stagnation in local minima during the retrieval.
ii. Unsupervised event collection, segmentation and summarization. The need for automatic tools able to extract salient moments and provide automatic summary of large photo galleries is becoming more and more important due to the exponential growth in the use of digital media for recording personal, familiar or social life events. The multi-modal event segmentation algorithm faces the summarization problem in an holistic way, making it possible to exploit the whole available information in a fully unsupervised way. The proposed technique aims at providing such a tool, with the specific goal of reducing the need of complex parameter settings and letting the system be widely useful for as many situations as possible.
iii. Content-based synchronization of multiple galleries related to the same event.
The large spread of photo cameras makes it quite common that an event is acquired through different devices, conveying different subjects and perspectives of the same happening. Automatic tools are more and more used to support the users in organizing such archives, and it is largely accepted that time information is crucial to this purpose. Unfortunately time-stamps may be affected by erroneous or imprecise setting of the camera clock. The synchronization algorithm presented is the first that uses the content of pictures to estimate the mutual delays among different cameras, thus achieving an a-posteriori synchronization of various photo collections referring to the same event.
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Mamakis, Georgios. "Semantic based content search and content summarization." Thesis, University of South Wales, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.589404.
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Document summarization has been an intriguing task of Computational linguistics. A number of definitions have been proposed in References, all of which consider document summarization as a problem of text compression. One of the most complete definitions by Sparck-Jones states that " ... a summary is a reductive transformation of source text to summary text through content condensation by selection and/or generalisation on what is important in the source ... ". The importance of document summarization does not lie only in presenting information in a shortened form, but also in selecting the most appropriate content to present. Moreover, a main feature in summarization is the number of sources from which a summary may be produced; thus, single-document and multi -document have been proposed, denoting the number of sources from which the summary will be produced. In addition, another categorization that may be extracted from this definition refers to the importance of the source, and what the potential user thinks is important. This leads to the definition of generic and query-based or task focused summarization, where generic implies that the summarizer should extract information according to the main topics discussed in the document, while query-based summarization focuses on extracting information according to simple or more complex questions on the document. Moreover, importance of content can be extracted through knowledge-rich (supervised and semi- supervised summarization) and knowledge lean approaches (unsupervised or shallow summarization). The last categorization refers to the type generation of the summary, the two main categories being: extractive summarization, where sentences are maintained in the summarization process unaltered; and abstraction, where the sentences are either semantically altered or compressed. The research depicted in this thesis, presents novel document summarization approaches based on the theories of Machine Learning (ML) and Natural Language Processing (NLP) for generic single-document extractive summarization. The motivation to target on Greek langaguage came from the lack of a Greek summarization system. Most notably, only one system for Greek Summarization system exists in the literature (GreekSum). The research undertaken resulted in: the development of a stemming algorithm used for noun and adjective identification, based on grammatical analysis on Greek language; the development of a novel statistical classification scheme, initially aimed to document summarization, that is proven to outperform other statistical summarizers as Narve Bayes Classifier (NBC) and Language Models (LM); the development of a supervised statistical summarization algorithm based on document classification techniques (Text Classification Assisted Summarization for Greek Language-TCASGL); and the development of a knowledge-lean summarization algorithm (Generic Unsupervised Text Summarization - GUTS), using shallow semantic document analysis and statistics. The results demonstrate that the classification algorithm significantly outperforms widely available statistical algorithms, while the ML approach yielded comparable results to other supervised systems. In addition to that, GUTS was shown to perform equally well with knowledge rich approaches.
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Codina, Busquet Victor. "Exploiting distributional semantics for content-based and context-aware recommendation." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/277574.
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During the last decade, the use of recommender systems has been increasingly growing to the point that, nowadays, the success of many well-known services depends on these technologies. Recommenders Systems help people to tackle the choice overload problem by effectively presenting new content adapted to the user¿s preferences. However, current recommendation algorithms commonly suffer from data sparsity, which refers to the incapability of producing acceptable recommendations until a minimum amount of users¿ ratings are available for training the prediction models.
This thesis investigates how the distributional semantics of concepts describing the entities of the recommendation space can be exploited to mitigate the data-sparsity problem and improve the prediction accuracy with respect to state-of-the-art recommendation techniques. The fundamental idea behind distributional semantics is that concepts repeatedly co-occurring in the same context or usage tend to be related. In this thesis, we propose and evaluate two novel semantically-enhanced prediction models that address the sparsity-related limitations: (1) a content-based approach, which exploits the distributional semantics of item¿s attributes during item and user-profile matching, and (2) a context-aware recommendation approach that exploits the distributional semantics of contextual conditions during context modeling. We demonstrate in an exhaustive experimental evaluation that the proposed algorithms outperform state-of-the-art ones, especially when data are sparse.
Finally, this thesis presents a recommendation framework, which extends the widespread machine learning library Apache Mahout, including all the proposed and evaluated recommendation algorithms as well as a tool for offline evaluation and meta-parameter optimization. The framework has been developed to allow other researchers to reproduce the described evaluation experiments and make new progress on the Recommender Systems field easierDurant l'última dècada, l'ús dels sistemes de recomanació s'ha vist incrementat fins al punt que, actualment, l'èxit de molts dels serveis web més coneguts depèn en aquesta tecnologia. Els Sistemes de Recomanació ajuden als usuaris a trobar els productes o serveis que més s¿adeqüen als seus interessos i preferències. Una gran limitació dels algoritmes de recomanació actuals és el problema de "data-sparsity", que es refereix a la incapacitat d'aquests sistemes de generar recomanacions precises fins que un cert nombre de votacions d'usuari és disponible per entrenar els models de predicció. Per mitigar aquest problema i millorar així la precisió de predicció de les tècniques de recomanació que conformen l'estat de l'art, en aquesta tesi hem investigat diferents maneres d'aprofitar la semàntica distribucional dels conceptes que descriuen les entitats que conformen l'espai del problema de la recomanació, principalment, els objectes a recomanar i la informació contextual. En la semàntica distribucional s'assumeix la següent hipotesi: conceptes que coincideixen repetidament en el mateix context o ús tendeixen a estar semànticament relacionats. Concretament, en aquesta tesi hem proposat i avaluat dos algoritmes de recomanació que fan ús de la semàntica distribucional per mitigar el problem de "data-sparsity": (1) un model basat en contingut que explota les similituds distribucionals dels atributs que representen els objectes a recomanar durant el càlcul de la correspondència entre els perfils d'usuari i dels objectes; (2) un model de recomanació contextual que fa ús de les similituds distribucionals entre condicions contextuals durant la representació del context. Mitjançant una avaluació experimental exhaustiva dels models de recomanació proposats hem demostrat la seva efectivitat en situacions de falta de dades, confirmant que poden millorar la precisió d'algoritmes que conformen l'estat de l'art. Finalment, aquesta tesi presenta una llibreria pel desenvolupament i avaluació d'algoritmes de recomanació com una extensió de la llibreria de "Machine Learning" Apache Mahout, àmpliament utilitzada en el camp del Machine Learning. La nostra extensió inclou tots els algoritmes de recomanació avaluats en aquesta tesi, així com una eina per facilitar l'avaluació experimental dels algoritmes. Hem desenvolupat aquesta llibreria per facilitar a altres investigadors la reproducció dels experiments realitzats i, per tant, el progrés en el camp dels Sistemes de Recomanació.
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Mauthe, Keith Frederick, and University of Lethbridge Faculty of Education. "An investigation of the content and context of social intelligence." Thesis, Lethbridge, AB : University of Lethbridge, Faculty of Education, 1989, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10133/21.
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Subjects' views and conceptions of social intelligence were investigated by having 40 adults, male inmates in an Alberta correctional centre rate the importance of 20 behavioral characteristics representing the domain of social intelligence. Social intelligence was defined as a person's ability to understand others and to act wisely in social situations. The 20 characteristics, derived from an earlier study by Ford and Miura (1983), were rated for each of three common social contexts by having subjects think of the kind of person who would be a close personal friend, a teacher, or a person in a conflict. The following research questions were addressed in the study: a) How do adult, male inmates in an Alberta correctional centre view the construct of social intelligence? b) Do subjects' ratings of the 20 characteristics that describe social intelligence form factors that resemble the clusters identified by subjects rating the same 20 characteristics in a study by Ford and Miura (1983)? c) How do subjects' ratings of social intelligence differ among the three social contexts investigated? d) Is there a common core of social intelligence characteristics that subjects rate as important across all three social contexts? Descriptive statistics revealed that subjects generally rated the 20 characteristics as quite high in importance in all three social contexts. However, the characteristics were rated highest in importance in the context "A teacher", followed by "A close personal friend" and "A person in conflict". Factor analyses revealed that subjects' ratings in the present study shared some similarities in structure with the clusters or categories of characteristics identified by subjects in the earlier study by Ford and Miura (1983). Analyses of variance revealed several significant differences when sujects' ratings of importance of the 20 characteristics and four categories of social intelligence were compared across contexts. In the present study, a common core of four characteristics of social intelligence were ranked highly in importance across all three social contexts. Findings from the present study provide support for the existence of the categories "Prosocial skills" and "Social-instrumental skills" as identified in the study by Ford and Miura (1983). The importance of studying the construct of social intelligence in particular social contexts and particular populations was also demonstrated. Finally, the implications of the findings of the present study are discussed in relation to the planning and delivery of inmate education programs as well as the continuing study of the construct of social intelligence.xii, 82 leaves : ill. ; 28 cm.
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Ognenoski, Ognen. "Content-aware and context-aware adaptive video streaming over HTTP." Thesis, Kingston University, 2016. http://eprints.kingston.ac.uk/37874/.
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Adaptive HTTP video streaming techniques are rapidly becoming the main method for video delivery over the Internet. From a conceptual viewpoint, adaptive HTTP video streaming systems enable adaptation of the video quality according to network conditions (link-awareness), content characteristics (content-awareness), user preferences (user-awareness) or device capabilities (device awareness). Proprietary adaptive HTTP video streaming platforms from Apple, Adobe and Microsoft preceded the completion of a standard for adaptive HTTP video streaming, i.e., the MPEG-DASH standard. The dissertation presents modeling approaches, experiments, simulations and subjective tests tightly related to adaptive HTTP video streaming with particular emphasis on the MPEG-DASH standard. Different case studies are investigated through novel models based on analytical and simulation approaches. In particular, adaptive HTTP video streaming over Long Term Evolution (LTE) networks, over cloud infrastructure, and streaming of medical videos are investigated and the relevant benefits and drawbacks of using adaptive HTTP video streaming for these cases are highlighted. Further, mathematical tools and concepts are used to acquire quantifiable knowledge related to the HTTP/TCP communication protocol stack and to investigate dependencies between adaptive HTTP video streaming parameters and the underlying Quality of Service (QoS) and Quality of Experience (QoE). Additionally, a novel method and model for QoE assessment are proposed, derived in a specific experimental setup. A more general setup is then considered and a QoE metric is derived. The QoE metric expresses the users' quality for adaptive HTTP video streaming by taking into consideration rebuffering, video quality and content-related parameters. In the end, a novel analytical model that captures the user's perception of quality via the experienced delay during streaming navigation is derived. The contributions in this dissertation and the relevant conclusions are obtained by simulations, experimental demo setups, subjective tests and analytical modeling.
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Antoine, Clémentine. "La notion de contenu du contrat : Essai d'une théorie générale." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPASH005.
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L'ordonnance n° 2016-131 du 10 février 2016 portant réforme du droit des contrats, du régime général et de la preuve des obligations a institué, au nouvel article 1128 du Code civil, le « contenu licite et certain » comme troisième et dernière condition de validité du contrat. La notion, jusque-là très peu usitée en droit français, a été placée sur le devant de la scène, tandis que les anciennes conditions d'« objet » et de « cause » ont été, pour la première, reléguée au second plan, et pour la seconde, totalement évincée des textes relatifs à la matière contractuelle. Or, cette dernière n'était connue, pour ainsi dire, qu'à travers les notions bicentenaires d'objet et de cause. Il faut pourtant désormais envisager le contrat par le prisme unique de son « contenu ». La présente thèse a pour objet d'en proposer une théorie générale, c'est-à-dire de définir la notion, son régime, ainsi que d'étudier son impact sur le fonctionnement du contratThe ordinance n° 2016-131 of February 10th, 2016, reforming french contract law, has introduced, in the new article 1128 of the Civil code, the « licit and certain content » as the third and last condition to make a valid contract. The notion, barely used in french law so far, has been placed in the spotlight, whereas the previous conditions of « object » and « cause » were, for the first one, pushed into the background, and for the second, totally removed from the legal rules upon the contractual matters. Yet, the latter was only known, so to speak, through the two bicentenary notions that were the object and the cause. Still, the contract is now to be considered through the only prism of its « content ». This thesis's object is to propose a general theory of it, that is to say to define the notion, its legal regime, and to study its impact on the contract's functioning
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Käck, Adam. "Content Scanner." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-39208.
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Wells, Martha. "Heart's content." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ30993.pdf.
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Simpson, Keith Daniel. "Discovering Content." The Ohio State University, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1343655282.
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Žilka, Radim. "Content Syndication." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2007. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-2116.
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Cílem diplomové práce je poskytnout základní informace o publikování obsahu a charakterizovat na příkladech rovněž možnosti uplatnění v praxi. Takto získané poznatky pak mohou být užitečné širokému spektru lidí ? marketingovým pracovníkům, tvůrcům a správcům webů, programátorům či lidem s podnikatelským duchem, kteří hledají zajímavé tržní příležitosti. Smyslem úvodní, teoretické části je poskytnout základní přehled o syndikaci obsahu uživatelům touto technologií dosud netknutým, ale i pokročilým, kteří zde jistě najdou některé nové a zajímavé informace. Praktická část plní funkci návodu pro každého, kdo si chce technologii osobně vyzkoušet.
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Babori, Abdelghani. "Etude didactique et conception d'une plate-forme d'enseignement à distance d'un contenu en algorithmique. Implications pour la conception d'un MOOC en ingénierie." Thesis, Lille 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIL3H056.
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Le travail que nous présentons dans cette thèse s’inscrit dans une problématique générale d’étude et de conception des MOOCs (Massive Open Online Courses). Elle s’intéresse plus particulièrement à l’étude didactique d’un MOOC d’algorithmique conçu au profit des étudiants de premier cycle de l’université d’Hassan Premier au Maroc. Ce travail se situe dans une approche compréhensive et vise plus précisément à comprendre le processus d’élaboration du contenu d’algorithmique véhiculé par le dispositif MOOC et la manière dont les étudiants le construisent au sein et en relation avec ce dispositif. En considérant le MOOC comme un dispositif didactique, deux approches didactique et épistémologique des activités d’apprentissage en algorithmique ont été articulées. La notion de performance didactique est mobilisée pour examiner les stratégies d’apprentissage adoptées par les étudiants. En recourant aux forums de discussion et en mobilisant un questionnaire et des entretiens semi-directifs, les discours des étudiants ont été analysés en vue de caractériser les contenus construits, les performances didactiques et les difficultés rencontrées. La caractérisation de la conception du MOOC met en évidence deux étapes : 1) l’identification des concepts incontournables en algorithmique : variable, instructions de base, conditions, boucles et leur organisation en unités d’apprentissage 2) la scénarisation pédagogique décrivant les tâches d’apprentissage des unités pédagogiques et leur organisation ; le cours est par ailleurs adapté à la massification des audiences notamment en diminuant la charge horaire des semaines du MOOC et en exigeant peu de prérequis.L’analyse des pratiques identifiées montre que les étudiants ont construit deux types de contenus, d’une part, des savoirs conceptuels (condition et boucle) et d’autre part des savoirs procéduraux (démarche de résolution d’un problème, exécution d’un algorithme) ; que les étudiants ont manifesté plus de performances didactiques cognitives et techniques que sociales pour construire le contenu. Plus particulièrement, la démarche de construction du contenu consiste 1) en des stratégies cognitives d’élaboration telle que la mise en lien du contenu avec les connaissances antérieures et d’organisation à savoir l’utilisation des organigrammes pour construire pas à pas le savoir algorithmique ; 2) en des stratégies techniques en termes de mobilisations des vidéos du MOOC. Les résultats montrent également que même si les étudiants se sont avérés particulièrement performants dans l’analyse des problèmes (détermination des objets d’entrées et sorties), certaines difficultés subsistent, tels que le passage de la phase d’analyse d’un problème à celle d’élaboration de l’algorithme.Ce travail de thèse a l’ambition de proposer aux concepteurs pédagogiques des MOOCs des principes utiles pour l’élaboration d’un contenu, d’une part, et ouvrir une voie de recherche en didactiques, sur les dispositifs MOOCs, qui tient compte de la spécificité des contenus véhiculésThe work presented in this thesis is part of a broader issue of study and design of MOOCs (Massive Open Online Courses). It focuses more particularly on the didactic study of an algorithmic MOOC designed for undergraduate students at Hassan First University (Morocco). This work is part of a comprehensive approach and aims more specifically to understand the process of developing algorithmic content conveyed by the MOOC and how learners construct basic knowledge essential to the course. Considering MOOC as a didactic device, two approaches : didactic and epistemological of algorithmic have been articulated. The notion of didactic performance is mobilized to examine the learning strategies adopted by students. By using discussion forums and mobilizing a questionnaire and semi-structured interviews, the discourses of students were analysed in order to characterize the constructed content, the didactic performance and the difficulties encountered by students.The characterization of the design of the MOOC highlights two steps : 1) identification of the essential concepts in algorithmics :variable, basic instructions, conditions, loops and their organization into learning units 2) development of a pedagogical scenario by describing the learning tasks of the pedagogical units and their organisation, and, on the other hand, that the course is also adapted to the massification of audiences, in particular by decreasing the hourly workload and demanding few prerequisites.The results show that students constructed two types of content: conceptual knowledge (condition, loop and procedural knowledge (analysis of a problem, decomposition of a problem, etc.). Students showed more interest in cognitive and technical didactic performances to build, step by step, content. More specifically, students constructed algorithmic content by making greater use of these learning strategies 1) elaboration strategies (linking the content with previous knowledge) and organization strategies such as the use of flowcharts 2) technical strategies in terms of mobilizing MOOC videos. The results also show that although students have been particularly successful in analysing problems (determination of input and output objects), some difficulties remain, such as passing from analysing problems to elaborating algorithms.These results can not only provide MOOC instructional designers with the necessary elements for content development, but also improve didactic research on MOOCs by providing researchers with elements for the study of MOOCs, taking into account the specificity of their content
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Kocurova, Anna. "Distributed collaborative context-aware content-centric workflow management for mobile devices." Thesis, University of West London, 2013. https://repository.uwl.ac.uk/id/eprint/745/.
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Ubiquitous mobile devices have become a necessity in today’s society, opening new opportunities for interaction and collaboration between geographically distributed people. With the increased use of mobile phones, people can collaborate while on the move. Collaborators expect technologies that would enhance their teamwork and respond to their individual needs. Workflow is a widely used technology that supports collaboration and can be adapted for a variety of collaborative scenarios. Although the originally computer-based workflow technology has expanded also on mobile devices, there are still research challenges in the development of user-focused device-oriented collaborative workflows. As opposed to desktop computers, mobile devices provide a different, more personalised user experience and are carried by their owners everywhere. Mobile devices can capture user context and behave as digitalised user complements. By integrating context awareness into the workflow technology, workflow decisions can be based on local, context information and therefore, be more adapted to individual collaborators’ circumstances and expectations. Knowing the current context of collaborators and their mobile devices is useful, especially in mobile peer-topeer collaboration where the workflow process execution can be driven by devices according to the situation. In mobile collaboration, team workers share pictures, videos, or other content. Monitoring and exchanging the information on the current state of the content processed on devices can enhance the overall workflow execution. As mobile devices in peer-to-peer collaboration are not aware of a global workflow state, the content state information can be used to communicate progress among collaborators. However, there is still a lack of integrating content lifecycles in process-oriented workflows. The aim of this research was therefore to investigate how workflow technology can be adapted for mobile peer-to-peer collaboration, in particular, how the level of context awareness in mobile collaborative workflows can be increased and how the extra content lifecycle management support can be integrated. The collaborative workflow technology has been adapted for mobile peerto- peer collaboration by integrating context and content awareness. In the first place, a workflow-specific context management approach has been developed that allows defining workflow-specific context models and supports the integration of context models with collaborative workflows. Workflow process has been adapted to make decisions based on context information. Secondly, extra content management support has been added to the workflow technology. A representation for content lifecycles has been designed, and content lifecycles have been integrated with the workflow process. In this thesis, the MobWEL workflow approach is introduced. The Mob- WEL workflow approach allows defining, managing and executing mobile context-aware content-centric workflows. MobWEL is a workflow execution language that extends BPEL, using constructs from existing workflow approaches, Context4BPEL and BPELlight, and adopting elements from the BALSA workflow model. The MobWEL workflow management approach is a technology-based solution that has been designed to provide workflow management support to a specific class of mobile applications.
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Braver, Seth Philip. "Lobachevski illuminated content, methods, and context of The theory of parallels /." CONNECT TO THIS TITLE ONLINE, 2007. http://etd.lib.umt.edu/theses/available/etd-07122007-110855/.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Montana, 2007.Title from title screen. Description based on contents viewed July 19, 2007. Includes German text: Geometrische Untersuchungen zur Theorie der Parallellinien / von Nicolaus Lobatschewsky. Includes bibliographical references (p. 279-282).
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Ku, Sung Mo. "The Influence of Content and Context Motivation on Advertisement Effectiveness Online." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2015. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1177.
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This research proposal provides literature review regarding context motivation and its influence on advertisement effectiveness. I propose two quasi-experiments using motivation as an independent variable while measuring memory for the advertisement in order to predict advertisement effectiveness. The first experiment solely investigates the role of program motivation on advertisement memory. The secondary experiment proposed an investigation looking into the interaction between program motivation and advertisement motivation. Based on previous literature on advertisements, persuasion, and motivation, I hypothesized that high program motivation may impair memory for the advertisements. For Experiment 2, I hypothesized that both independent variables regarding content and context motivation will interact to show different results than Experiment 1, in which only the context motivation is measured. This paper aims to provide an effective marketing strategy in a relatively new yet potent advertising market in OTV (online television).
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Jones, Christopher Richard. "Context, content and cooperation : an ethnographic study of collaborative learning online." Thesis, Manchester Metropolitan University, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.267538.
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Gill, Miriam Clare. "Late medieval wall painting in England : content and context (c1330-c1530)." Thesis, Courtauld Institute of Art (University of London), 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.246809.
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Daniyal, Fahad M. "Automated camera ranking and selection using video content and scene context." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2012. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/2416.
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When observing a scene with multiple cameras, an important problem to solve is to automatically identify “what camera feed should be shown and when?” The answer to this question is of interest for a number of applications and scenarios ranging from sports to surveillance. In this thesis we present a framework for the ranking of each video frame and camera across time and the camera network, respectively. This ranking is then used for automated video production. In the first stage information from each camera view and from the objects in it is extracted and represented in a way that allows for object- and frame-ranking. First objects are detected and ranked within and across camera views. This ranking takes into account both visible and contextual information related to the object. Then content ranking is performed based on the objects in the view and camera-network level information. We propose two novel techniques for content ranking namely: Routing Based Ranking (RBR) and Multivariate Gaussian based Ranking (MVG). In RBR we use a rule based framework where weighted fusion of object and frame level information takes place while in MVG the rank is estimated as a multivariate Gaussian distribution. Through experimental and subjective validation we demonstrate that the proposed content ranking strategies allows the identification of the best-camera at each time. The second part of the thesis focuses on the automatic generation of N-to-1 videos based on the ranked content. We demonstrate that in such production settings it is undesirable to have frequent inter-camera switching. Thus motivating the need for a compromise, between selecting the best camera most of the time and minimising the frequent inter-camera switching, we demonstrate that state-of-the-art techniques for this task are inadequate and fail in dynamic scenes. We propose three novel methods for automated camera selection. The first method (¡go f ) performs a joint optimization of a cost function that depends on both the view quality and inter-camera switching so that a i Abstract ii pleasing best-view video sequence can be composed. The other two methods (¡dbn and ¡util) include the selection decision into the ranking-strategy. In ¡dbn we model the best-camera selection as a state sequence via Directed Acyclic Graphs (DAG) designed as a Dynamic Bayesian Network (DBN), which encodes the contextual knowledge about the camera network and employs the past information to minimize the inter camera switches. In comparison ¡util utilizes the past as well as the future information in a Partially Observable Markov Decision Process (POMDP) where the camera-selection at a certain time is influenced by the past information and its repercussions in the future. The performance of the proposed approach is demonstrated on multiple real and synthetic multi-camera setups. We compare the proposed architectures with various baseline methods with encouraging results. The performance of the proposed approaches is also validated through extensive subjective testing.
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Vassilieva, Elena. "Web Content Authorship: Academic Librarians in Web Content Management." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2012. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc115175/.
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An increasing number of libraries and information centers are using content management (CM) applications to develop, redesign, and maintain their websites. the purpose of this research was to provide understanding of attitudes of academic librarians about how their utilization of CM technology influences the information services they provide at the academic library’s website and to examine their perceptions of how using CM affects the creation of the web content. This research applied a qualitative research design (electronic survey and in-depth semi-structured interviews of academic subject librarians) with elements of a quantitative approach. the study discussed the concept of web authorship and supplied fundamentals for future theoretical research about authorship in web content development at academic libraries. the study provided an overview of CM at academic libraries and explored characteristics of dynamic content and semantic web applications at their websites. It discussed librarians’ opinions about issues of migration to the new content management system (CMS), factors affecting its efficient employment, and roles of librarians in web content management. Results of this study will serve to future research on management behavior of academic librarians authoring web content with the help of CM. the findings about the difficulties observed in the use of CMS and solutions, influence of training and learning, importance of cooperation and communication, adjustment of the CMS to the users’ needs, qualifications and skills needed in application of CM, distribution of responsibilities in the use of CMS, features of the CMS, and requirements to its functionality will have implications for academic and other libraries applying CM.
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Doutis, Panayiotis. "Teachers' pedagogical content knowledge and pedagogical theories of content /." The Ohio State University, 1997. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487948158626617.
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Ndjamoy, Nzoudja Fabrice Edgar. "Dynamic Predictors for Content Selection in Content Distribution Networks." Thesis, KTH, Reglerteknik, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-142844.
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Caching in Content Delivery Network is one of the leading methods for saving and providing Quality of Services to users in terms of low latency experienced when requesting multimedia resources. Caching allows a parsimonious use of bandwidth for service providers to have a scalable system and avoid network congestions. Most of the research has focused to save contents in CDN in order to meet the restriction of memory and bandwidth consumption relying on optimal content placement problem and cache policy. The most common policy used to cache content is based on the content's popularity, i.e., the request frequency. The availability of predictions in the requests of content would allow to optimally cache content. However, how to analyze past content requests to have consistent prediction of future data requests is an open and challenging problem. In this master thesis, this has been addressed by considering data mining, which is a multidisciplinary technique involving theoretical and practical data analysis. Dynamic predictors are designed and proposed to retrieve inherent content information for improving the prediction of the content item selection. Numerical results show that the proposed method achieves good results in term of hit ratio, i.e., low prediction error, which might be used by CDN designer and might be a potential input for the optimal content placement problem.
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Ni, Jian. "Content management and admission control in multimedia content delivery networks /." View abstract or full-text, 2003. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?ELEC%202003%20NI.
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Slaughter, Jeanne Marie 1968. "Content construction: How content becomes curriculum in secondary science classrooms." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/282735.
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This study investigated the factors that influence two secondary teachers' planning and teaching when incorporating newly acquired genetics content into their existing curriculum. Data included transcriptions of six audio taped interviews, field notes from two summer content courses and eight classroom observations, classroom documents such as work sheets, and content and pedagogical diagrams completed prior to and immediately following the two summer content courses. Data were analyzed and used to construct three cases: the case of content, the case of Natalie, and the case of June. The cases were combined for additional analysis. The cross case analysis aided in the identification of influential factors and the development of a model of secondary school curriculum influences. Factors found to influence teachers as they incorporate new content into their teaching can be divided into internal and external factors. Internal factors include: the teachers' past experiences with science, personal content knowledge, confidence, and beliefs about science, learning and science teaching. External factors include: students' abilities, time constraints, and physical classroom limitations. The findings suggest that the teachers' previous content knowledge and beliefs have the greatest impact in determining the new content a teacher will incorporate into her existing curriculum.
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Wang, Weize. "A Content Analysis of Reliability in Advertising Content Analysis Studies." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2011. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/1375.
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Content analysis is a systematic research method for examining symbolical content in communication by recording or transcribing these messages into categories. Reliability is one of the most distinctive attributes of content analysis methodology comparing to other techniques in communication. A content analysis was conducted by analyzing the method sections of published journal articles in Communication Abstracts from January 2006 through January 2011 by searching "advertising" and "content analysis". Results suggested that television is still the most focused medium in advertising content analysis research. Most of the content analysis studies employed 2 coders for coding reliability assessment data and final data. Moreover, content analysis researchers had improved in reporting reliability and reliability coefficients. However, there was a low percentage of studies that reported specific reliability for each variable as well as the lowest acceptable level for the reliability coefficients.
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Westberg, Hannes. "Evaluating Features for Promoting Accessible Content in Content Management Systems." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektroteknik och datavetenskap (EECS), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-252735.
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As the web continues to evolve, so does our need for achieving an accessible web for people with disabilities. Content management systems (CMSs) have well observed accessibility problems with generated content, and in recent years, several features have been proposed in order to minimize or eliminate these problems. This study investigated CMSs in current use to find common accessibility problems and evaluated a set of features proposed by Acosta, T. et al. in 2018, targeting these problems. The study initially found a general lack of information, guidance and technical support provided by CMSs to editors promoting the generation of accessible content. The results indicate that even editors highly aware of accessibility may not be able to create accessible content due to the limitations of their systems. The study also received positive feedback towards the evaluated features from professionals, indicating that the features are of practical value and may help the editor by minimizing or eliminating common accessibility problems in content generated through CMSs.Webben fortsätter att utvecklas, och det gör också vårt behov av att göra webben tillgänglig för personer med funktionshinder. Innehållshanteringssystem (CMS) har flera kända tillgänglighetsproblem med dess genererande innehåll och under de senaste åren så har ett antal tillgänglighetsfunktioner föreslagits för att minimera eller eliminera dessa problem. Den här studien undersökte CMS som används idag för att hitta vanliga tillgänglighetsproblem och evaluerade en samling av föreslagna funktioner av Acosta, T. et al. som riktade sig mot dessa problem. Studien fann i början en generell brist på information, vägledning och tekniskt stöd från CMS till redaktörer som främjar skapandet av tillgängligt innehåll. Resultaten visar att även redaktörer som är medvetna om tillgänglighet inte alltid har möjligheten att skapa tillgängligt innehåll på grund av begränsningarna i deras system. Studien fick också positiv återkoppling av de utvärderade funktionerna från yrkesverksamma inom området, vilket indikerar att funktionerna har ett praktiskt värde och kan hjälpa redaktören genom att minimera eller eliminera vanliga tillgänglighetsproblem i innehåll som skapats via CMS.
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McNeely, Heather. "Remembering emotional words, the influence of content and context in memory attribution." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0001/NQ44772.pdf.
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Dry, Simon. "Schemas and the role of realistic content and context in deductive reasoning /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1993. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09SPS/09spsd798.pdf.
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Bierig, Ralf. "Event and map content personalisation in a mobile and context-aware environment." Thesis, Robert Gordon University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10059/484.
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Effective methods for information access are of the greatest importance for our modern lives – particularly with respect to handheld devices. Personalisation is one such method which models a user’s characteristics to deliver content more focused to the user’s needs. The emerging area of sophisticated mobile computing devices has started to inspire new forms of personalised systems that include aspects of the person’s contextual environment. This thesis seeks to understand the role of personalisation and context, to evaluate the effectiveness of context for content personalisation and to investigate the event and map content domain for mobile usage. The work presented in this thesis has three parts: The first part is a user experiment on context that investigated the contextual attributes of time, location and interest, with respect to participants’ perception of their usefulness. Results show highly dynamic and interconnected effects of context on participants’ usefulness ratings. In the second part, these results were applied to create a predictive model of context that was related to attribution theory and then combined with an information retrieval score to create a weighted personalisation model. In the third part of this work, the personalisation model was applied in a mobile experiment. Participants solved situational search tasks using a (i) non-personalized and a (ii) personalized mobile information system, and rating entertainment events based on usefulness. Results showed that the personalised system delivered about 20% more useful content to the mobile user than the non-personalised system, with some indication for reduced search effort in terms of time and the amount of queries per task. The work presented provides evidence for the promising potential of context to facilitate personalised information delivery to users of mobile devices. Overall, it serves as an example of an investigation into the effectiveness of context from multiple angles and provides a potential link to some of the aspects of psychology as a potential source for a deeper understanding of contextual processes in humans.
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Ng, Victor. "Content enrichment for mobile context aware imaging applications with a social aspect." Thesis, McGill University, 2014. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=121246.
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With technological advancements in data collection techniques allowing increasing amounts of contextual metadata to be appended to everyday image files, it has become a daunting task to effectively display such supplemental data alongside original image content without overloading users with information. I propose a unique approach to actively display geo-tagged image content that embeds the images in a navigable 3D environment in a way that makes explicit the geographical context and spatiotemporal relationships between the images. This approach enhances the viewer's comprehension of the image's context and content thus supporting my hypothesis that context extracted from metadata can enhance image content absorption rather than hinder it. The 3D environment is built by mapping Google Street View images onto a spherical tessellation within which user image content is overlaid. The proposed geographical browser and social-networking system is implemented on an iPad, using the iPad's built-in compass, gyroscopes, and accelerometers to provide real-time gesture control and spatial orientation. User studies were performed on the proposed system as well as on a standard social-networking application for comparison purposes. The results were used to evaluate the relative performance of the system in enabling users to absorb and comprehend image information. Test subject were found to consistently answer questions more accurately on images viewed on the proposed system as compared to the images viewed on a typical social-networking application.Les avancées technologiques dans les techniques de collection de données augmentant la quantité de méta données contextuelles à associer aux images de tous les jours, afficher ces données supplémentaires de manière effective avec l'image originale est devenu une tâche ardue. Je propose une approche unique permettant d'afficher de manière active du contenu géo taggué qui renferme des images dans un environnement 3D navigable d'une manière qui rend explicite le contexte géographique et la relation spatiotemporelle entre les images. Cette approche augmente la compréhension du contexte et du contenu de l'image par l'observateur, supportant ainsi ma thèse selon laquelle le contexte extrait des métadonnées peut améliorer l'absorption du contenu de l'image plutôt que de le cacher. L'environnement 3D est construit en cartographiant des images de Google Street View dans une tessellation sphérique sur laquelle le contenu de l'image est superposé. Le navigateur géographique et outil de réseau social proposé est implémenté sur un iPad, utilisant la boussole intégrée à l'iPad, ses gyroscopes et accéléromètres pour fournir en temps-réel des contrôles par gestes et orientation spatiale. Des études utilisateurs ont été effectuées sur le système proposé, de même que sur une application de réseau social standard à fin de comparaisons. Les résultats ont été utilisés afin d'évaluer la performance relative du système à permettre aux utilisateurs d'absorber et comprendre l'information de l'image. Les sujets de test ont donné de manière consistante des réponses plus précise aux questions répondues sur des images observées sur le nouveau système comparé aux images observées sur une application typique de réseau social.
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Ntuli, Esther, and Arnold Nyarambi. "Learning in a Global Context: Education Diplomacy in Primary Grade Content Preparation." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2015. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/8218.
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The article shares the authors' thoughts about the concept of education diplomacy and its relevance in developing content for elementary grade levels. They emphasize the importance of learning about education diplomacy at an early age in order to develop adaptability among human beings. The piece offers insights on developing content for teacher preparation programs to provide elementary teachers with tools to teach about education diplomacy to the future generation. It also opens up a discussion on the importance of the intersecting time-tested skills, knowledge, and dispositions required by education diplomats in understanding and applying the concept.
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Valynseele, Martin. "Strategy making process, its content and context in small professional football clubs." Thesis, Aston University, 1999. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/10731/.
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The study was designed to establish the extent and nature of the difficulties clubs experience with a view to preparing the way for creating practical guidance on ways to overcome them. Clearly, in order to survive in the long term, small professional football clubs require very effective strategic decisions. This study has addressed this issue by inquiring into the nature of strategy making for these organisations with the objective to establish the general direction in which the football clubs in question should be moving. As a result, the main research question to guide this investigation was determined as: Why do small professional football clubs have difficulties making strategies. The investigation was based on an analysis the concept of strategy and its elements, the strategic vision and objectives, the process by which strategic action comes about, the strategic action itself, and the context within which this action occurs. Data has been collected, analysed and interpreted in relation to each of these elements. Together with a wide variety of published material, 20 small football clubs have been sampled and personal interviews were conducted with board members of those clubs. The findings indicate that small football clubs do indeed experience considerable difficulties in making strategies, the reasons for which lie both in the characteristics of their competitive environment and their approaches to strategy-making. The competitive environment is characterised by a cartel-like structure with a high degree of regulation, high levels of uncertainty, little control over the core product or the production process, short-term business cycles and a close geographical link between a club with its local market. The management of clubs is characterised by the need to balance conflicting sporting and business objectives. Formal planning techniques are of little use in the small football club context as decision-making processes have a strong political character and the development of novel strategies is hindered by a strong conservative, industry paradigm and a lack of financial and managerial resources. It is concluded that there is no simple advice to be given to clubs, as they must re-examine the relationship between their playing and business objectives to create a unified and workable approach.
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Miterev, Maxim. "Organizing project-based operations : The interplay of content, context and social processes." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Industriell Management, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-206670.
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Project-based organizations (PBOs) are becoming increasingly widespread and important for the modern economy and society. Thus, they attact significant scholarly attention to their distinctive features. The unit of analysis employed by the majority of the studies is the project-based organization as a whole. Hence, the locus of attention stays at the organizational level, whereas project-related effects are discussed in terms of aggregate properties. With very few exceptions, projects as distinct entities do not feature prominently in the discussion of project-based organizations. This observation creates an interesting paradox. In particular, when projects are discussed as separate units of analysis, their complex organizational dynamics, idiosyncrasies, and institutional embeddedness are among important loci of attention. However, when projects and project collections are discussed within the context of the PBO, the very same aspects tend to be downplayed. Most commonly, projects are either neglected or implicitly assumed to be homogeneous, interchangeable atomic units without internal structure or dynamics, obediently following orders of the parent organizations. Their internal organizational properties are overlooked and the individual-level variables are assumed to have little or no influence on the project outcomes. This thesis questions these assumptions and posits that understanding the dynamics at the project operations level might have important implications for explaining the effectiveness of management arrangements in the PBO. In particular, this thesis aims to explore the factors that shape project-based operations in the setting of the project-based organization. The thesis examines three particular factors which affect organizing of the project-based operations: (1) the content of operations; (2) the context of operations; and (3) the social processes at the operational level. Structurally, the thesis comprises a cover essay and four appended papers (three of them published in international peer-reviewed journals). Largely inductive in nature, the thesis builds on two research studies. The first study represents an in-depth “insider” case study of project-based operations in the Operations division of a large pharmaceutical company. It employs a combination of data collection methods, including semi-structured interviews, participant observations, and document analysis. The second study represents a structured framework-based literature review. Recognizing the organizational properties of projects, the thesis draws upon several literature streams within organization theory and design to analyze the empirical data. The results elaborate how the organizing of project-based operations in the PBO is shaped by the interplay between the content, intra-organizational and wider institutional contexts, as well as endogenous social processes. The thesis contributes to the literature on project-based organizations by developing an institutional, as well as extending a contingency perspective on organizing project-based operations. Further, the results call for revisiting the conceptualization of the PBO by questioning the view of projects as atomic and homogeneous units. Finally, the thesis contributes to the literature by developing an organization design perspective on the PBO. In terms of managerial implications, the thesis offers a few frameworks which can be used to support the decision-making process in a PBO. In particular, Paper I develops a contingency model of program management competences (the 3C model), Paper II derives a framework that can help PBO managers in evaluating the sources of isomorphic pressure on individual projects and programs, while Paper IV puts forth an organization design model for the PBO. At a more general level, Paper II discusses how the identified isomorphic processes within the PBO can limit flexibility, innovation, and efficiency. Finally, the cover essay discusses the important factors that need to be scrutinized in order to assess organizing of the project-based operations, such as the technical content, the project landscape and social landscape or the influence of institutionalised practices and models.QC 20170508
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Hinderer, Sebastian, Dominique Burger, and Bruno Marmol. "Protecting DAISY content." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2011. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-69852.
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DAISY has published a Specification for DAISY Protected Digital Talking Book. This paper discusses why such a specification is useful, not only for rightsholders but also for readers with print disabilities. An implementation of PDTB2 is proposed, called dtbprotect. It makes possible to simply produce an encrypted book from a book in DAISY format. It is currently experimented on the Helene Digital Library for the blind. It will be made available open source as to facilitate its implementation by other digital libraries.
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Helgason, Ólafur. "Opportunistic Content Distribution." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Kommunikationsnät, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-33828.
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In recent decades, communication networks have had a profound effect on society. Wireless communication has affected our lifestyle and altered how humans communicate and the Internet has revolutionized how we access, publish and disseminate information. In recent years we have also witnessed a radical change in how information is generated on the Internet. Today, information is no longer only generated by a small group of professionals but it is created by the users themselves and shared with a broad community with matching interests. This is evident with ”Web 2.0” applications such as blogs, podcasts, YouTube and social platforms like Facebook and Flickr. As a result of these trends, the Internet is today mainly used to provide users with access to contents. With recent advances in mobile platforms, information generation and consumption has spread from personal computers and Internet into people’s palms. This calls for efficient dissemination of information to and from mobile devices. This thesis considers content-centric networking in the context of mobile wireless networks. The main focus is on opportunistic distribution of content where mobile nodes directly exchange content items when they are within communication range. This communication mode enables dissemination of content between mobile nodes without relying on infrastructure, which can be beneficial for several reasons: infrastructure may be absent, overloaded, unreliable, expensive to use, censored or limited to certain users or contents. Opportunistic networking also has different properties than infrastructure based wireless networking, particularly in terms of scalability, locality and dissemination delay. The contributions of this thesis lie in two areas. Firstly we study the feasibility and performance of opportunistic networking among mobile nodes in urban areas using both analytic models and simulations. In particular we study the effect of two enablers of opportunistic networking: cooperation and mobility. By applying models from epidemic modeling, we show that if nodes cooperate by sharing, even in a limited manner, content can spread efficiently in a number of common case scenarios. We also study in detail which aspects of human mobility affect wireless communication and conclude that performance is not very sensitive to accurate estimation of the probability distributions of mobility parameters such as speed and arrival process. Our results however suggest that it is important to capture the scenario and space in which mobility occurs since this may affect performance significantly. Secondly, we present our design and implementation of a middleware architecture for a mobile peer-to-peer content distribution. Our system uses a decentralized content solicitation scheme that allows the distribution of content between mobile devices without requiring Internet connectivity and infrastructure support. Our system is based on the publish/subscribe paradigm and we describe the design and implementation of key components. We evaluate the performance and correctness of the system using both large-scale simulations and small-scale experimentation with our implementation. Finally we present the design and evaluation of an energy-efficient radio subsystem for opportunistic networking.QC 20110524