Journal articles: 'Content constraints'

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Wrathall, Mark A. "Social Constraints on Conversational Content." Philosophical Topics 27, no. 2 (1999): 25–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/philtopics19992723.

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Potts, Christopher, and Geoffrey K. Pullum. "Model theory and the content of OT constraints." Phonology 19, no. 3 (December 2002): 361–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0952675703004408.

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We develop an extensible description logic for stating the content of optimality-theoretic constraints in phonology, and specify a class of structures for interpreting it. The aim is a transparent formalisation of OT. We show how to state a wide range of constraints, including markedness, input–output faithfulness and base–reduplicant faithfulness. However, output–output correspondence and ‘intercandidate’ sympathy are revealed to be problematic: it is unclear that any reasonable class of structures can reconstruct their proponents' intentions. But our contribution is positive. Proponents of both output–output correspondence and sympathy have offered alternatives that fit into the general OT picture. We show how to state these in a reasonable extension of our formalism. The problematic constraint types were developed to deal with opaque phenomena. We hope to shed new light on the debate about how to handle opacity, by subjecting some common responses to it within OT to critical investigation.

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Di Iorio, Angelo, Francesco Draicchio, Fabio Vitali, and Stefano Zacchiroli. "Constrained Wiki: The WikiWay to Validating Content." Advances in Human-Computer Interaction 2012 (2012): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/893575.

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The “WikiWay” is the open editing philosophy of wikis meant to foster open collaboration and continuous improvement of their content. Just like other online communities, wikis often introduce and enforce conventions, constraints, and rules for their content, but do so in a considerably softer way, expecting authors to deliver content that satisfies the conventions and the constraints, or, failing that, having volunteers of the community, the WikiGnomes, fix others' content accordingly. Constrained wikis is our generic framework for wikis to implement validators of community-specific constraints and conventions that preserve the WikiWay and their open collaboration features. To this end, specific requirements need to be observed by validators and a specific software architecture can be used for their implementation, that is, as independent functions (implemented as internal modules or external services) used in a nonintrusive way. Two separate proof-of-concept validators have been implemented for MediaWiki and MoinMoin, respectively, providing an annotated view functions, that is, presenting content authors with violation warnings, rather than preventing them from saving a noncompliant text.

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Xu, Yanli. "A Device-to-Device Multicast Scheme for Delay-Constraint Content Delivery." Mobile Information Systems 2017 (2017): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/8012517.

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Motivated by the explosive increase of mobile traffic, study on the device-to-device (D2D) communication is kicked off for content delivery through proximal transmission among users. D2D multicast has advantage on serving multiple users simultaneously with less resource cost. However, when D2D multicast is appropriate for content delivery and how to make it serve delay-constraint traffic are still unclear. In this paper, parameters impacting on D2D multicast content delivery is investigated to find good chances for utilizing D2D multicast. Furthermore, some rules to be obeyed are proposed for the content caching and delivery of D2D multicast to satisfy delay constraints. Based on these analyses, a delay-aware multicast scheme is proposed to maximize the network performance utility while satisfying delay constraints of contents. Simulations results verify our analyses and show that the proposed scheme can significantly improve multicast efficiency with guaranteed delay.

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Grifka, Jasmin, Maximilian Weigand, Andreas Kemna, and Thomas Heinze. "Impact of an Uncertain Structural Constraint on Electrical Resistivity Tomography for Water Content Estimation in Landslides." Land 11, no. 8 (July 31, 2022): 1207. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11081207.

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Geoelectrical methods can be part of early warning systems for landslide-prone hillslopes by giving estimates of the water content distribution. Structurally constrained inversions of geoelectrical data can improve the water content estimation by reducing the smoothness constraint along known lithological boundaries, which is especially important for landslides, as often layers with strongly divergent hydrological parameters and varying electrical signatures are present in landslides. However, any a priori information about those boundaries has an intrinsic uncertainty. A detailed synthetic study and a field investigation are combined to study the influence of misplaced structural constraints and the strength of the smoothness reduction via a coupling coefficient on inversion results of electrical resistivity data. While a well-known lithological boundary with a substantial reduction of the smoothness constraint can significantly improve the inversion result, a flawed constraint can cause strong divergences from the synthetic model. The divergence can even grow above the divergence of a fully smoothed inversion result. For correctly placed structural constraints, a coupling coefficient smaller than 10−4 uncovers previously unseen dynamics in the resistivity distribution compared to smoothed inversion results. Uncertain layer boundaries can be included in the inversion process with a larger coupling coefficient to avoid flawed results as long as the uncertainty of the layer thickness is below 20%. The application to field data confirms these findings but is less sensitive to a further reduction of the coupling coefficient, probably due to uncertainties in the structural information.

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Iacconi, Laura, Matteo Fasiello, Hooshyar Assadullahi, Emanuela Dimastrogiovanni, and David Wands. "Interferometer constraints on the inflationary field content." Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics 2020, no. 03 (March 13, 2020): 031. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1475-7516/2020/03/031.

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7

Campbell, Anne. "Female competition: Causes, constraints, content, and contexts." Journal of Sex Research 41, no. 1 (February 2004): 16–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00224490409552210.

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McKinnon, Karen A., and Peter Huybers. "Seasonal constraints on inferred planetary heat content." Geophysical Research Letters 43, no. 20 (October 28, 2016): 10,955–10,964. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2016gl071055.

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Kumar Mishra, Anjay, and Kailash Kumar Moktan. "IDENTIFICATION OF CONSTRAINTS IN PROJECT SCHEDULE MANAGEMENT." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 7, no. 2 (March 31, 2019): 18–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v7.i2.2019.990.

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Theory of Constraints (TOC) is new concept of project management. Every project has some constraints. This study explores the constraints to improve the project performance dealing with time constraint with a case of Sankosh-Tipling Road project and Bhimdhunga-Lamidanda Road Project of Dhading District. Questionnaire survey, Project report analysis, Key informant interview and case studies were the methods used for the data collection and content analysis, S-Curve and interim payment assessment were done to process the data. The major constraint among several other constraints in Bhimdhunga-Lamidanda Road project, legal constraint which is restriction of District Coordination Committee (DCC) to collect gravel and boulders from river and quarry sites was found as major constraint in the project. Constraint has affected with time extension for total 309 days with progress of only 34.76% till 13 june, 2017. Thus, this study has assumed that project could be completed within previously proposed deadline if different counter measures which have been suggested with consideration of TOC.

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Gan, Yan, Junxin Gong, Mao Ye, Yang Qian, Kedi Liu, and Su Zhang. "GANs with Multiple Constraints for Image Translation." Complexity 2018 (December 9, 2018): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/4613935.

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Unpaired image translation is a challenging problem in computer vision, while existing generative adversarial networks (GANs) models mainly use the adversarial loss and other constraints to model. But the degree of constraint imposed on the generator and the discriminator is not enough, which results in bad image quality. In addition, we find that the current GANs-based models have not yet been implemented by adding an auxiliary domain, which is used to constrain the generator. To solve the problem mentioned above, we propose a multiscale and multilevel GANs (MMGANs) model for image translation. In this model, we add an auxiliary domain to constrain generator, which combines this auxiliary domain with the original domains for modelling and helps generator learn the detailed content of the image. Then we use multiscale and multilevel feature matching to constrain the discriminator. The purpose is to make the training process as stable as possible. Finally, we conduct experiments on six image translation tasks. The results verify the validity of the proposed model.

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11

Hall, Alison. "‘Free’ Enrichment and the Nature of Pragmatic Constraints." International Review of Pragmatics 6, no. 1 (2014): 1–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18773109-00601002.

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The contextualist approach to utterance interpretation posits processes of “free” pragmatic enrichment that supply unarticulated constituents of the explicit content of utterances. While this proposal is faithful to our intuitions about the truth conditions of utterances, and accommodates the optionality of these pragmatic effects, there remains a doubt about whether contextualism can account in any principled way for what pragmatically derived material enters into explicit content, and what does not. This gap in the theory leads to objections that the putative process of pragmatic enrichment would massively overgenerate interpretations of utterances, having no way to exclude from explicit content elements of meaning that are truth-conditionally irrelevant. Here I discuss how a derivational account can sort explicit content from implicatures, where the former is a result of “developing” the linguistically-encoded form, while implicatures are entirely inferred, from fully propositional premises. Using the idea that enrichment is constrained to the minimum necessary to inferentially warrant the implications of the utterance, I show how the derivational account can address existing examples of alleged overgeneration, and that these rest on a failure to properly appreciate that the occurrence of such “free” pragmatic processes depends on the details of the particular context in which the utterance was tokened. I conclude with a discussion of what kind of systematicity should be expected from an account of processes whose outcome is inevitably context-specific.

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12

Veldkamp, Bernard P., and Wim J. van der Linden. "Multidimensional adaptive testing with constraints on test content." Psychometrika 67, no. 4 (December 2002): 575–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02295132.

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13

Liapis, Antonios, Georgios Yannakakis, and Julian Togelius. "Optimizing Visual Properties of Game Content Through Neuroevolution." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Interactive Digital Entertainment 7, no. 1 (October 9, 2011): 152–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aiide.v7i1.12444.

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This paper presents a search-based approach to generating game content that satisfies both gameplay requirements and user-expressed aesthetic criteria. Using evolutionary constraint satisfaction, we search for spaceships (for a space combat game) represented as compositional pattern-producing networks. While the gameplay requirements are satisfied by ad-hoc defined constraints, the aesthetic evaluation function can also be informed by human aesthetic judgement. This is achieved using indirect interactive evolution, where an evaluation function re-weights an array of aesthetic criteria based on the choices of a human player. Early results show that we can create aesthetically diverse and interesting spaceships while retaining in-game functionality.

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GENTLE, ADRIAN P., NATHAN D. GEORGE, ARKADY KHEYFETS, and WARNER A. MILLER. "CONSTRAINTS IN QUANTUM GEOMETRODYNAMICS." International Journal of Modern Physics A 19, no. 10 (April 20, 2004): 1609–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x04017008.

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We compare different treatments of the constraints in canonical quantum gravity. The standard approach on the superspace of 3-geometries treats the constraints as the sole carriers of the dynamic content of the theory, thus rendering the traditional dynamical equations obsolete. Quantization of the constraints in both the Dirac and ADM square root Hamiltonian approaches leads to the well known problems of time evolution. These problems of time are of both an interpretational and technical nature. In contrast, the geometrodynamic quantization procedure on the superspace of the true dynamical variables separates the issues of quantization from the enforcement of the constraints. The resulting theory takes into account states that are off-shell with respect to the constraints, and thus avoids the problems of time. We develop, for the first time, the geometrodynamic quantization formalism in a general setting and show that it retains all essential features previously illustrated in the context of homogeneous cosmologies.

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Knapp, Nadia, Alan B. Woodland, and Kevin Klimm. "Experimental constraints in the CMAS system on the Ca-Eskola content of eclogitic clinopyroxene." European Journal of Mineralogy 25, no. 4 (December 20, 2013): 579–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/0935-1221/2013/0025-2326.

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16

Reiter, Ehud. "Pipelines and Size Constraints." Computational Linguistics 26, no. 2 (June 2000): 251–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/089120100561692.

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Some types of documents need to meet size constraints, such as fitting into a limited number of pages. This can be a difficult constraint to enforce in a pipelined natural language generation (NLG) system, because size is mostly determined by content decisions, which usually are made at the beginning of the pipeline, but size cannot be accurately measured until the document has been completely processed by the NLG system. I present experimental data on the performance of single-solution pipeline, multiple-solution pipeline, and revision-based variants of the STOP system (which produces personalized smoking-cessation leaflets) in meeting a size constraint. This shows that a multiple-solution pipeline does much better than a single-solution pipeline, and that a revision-based system does best of all.

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Bureau, M., M. J. Williams, and M. Cappellari. "Lenticular vs spiral galaxies: dark matter content and the Tully-Fisher relation." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 5, H15 (November 2009): 82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921310008355.

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We provide observational constraints on disk galaxy evolution for a sample of 28 local edge-on early-type (S0–Sb) disk galaxies. We do this in two ways: (i) we use simple dynamical modelling techniques to constrain their stellar and dark matter content (Williams et al. 2009) and (ii) we compare the zero points of the Tully-Fisher relations (TFRs; Tully & Fisher 1977) of the spirals and S0s.

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RUDIĆ, GORDANA, and BOJANA DIMIĆ SURLA. "USING OCL IN THE FORMAL SPECIFICATION OF THE LIBRARY STANDARDS." International Journal of Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering 23, no. 03 (April 2013): 341–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218194013500101.

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The goal of the research was to check whether we can use a formal specification language such as OCL — Object Constraint Language to express all constraints on the library records proposed by the MARC 21 library standard. The main results are the classification and systematization of the constraints on the structure and the content of the MARC records as well as the specification of the constraints on the data model of MARC 21 in OCL. The obtained results are used in the implementation of the editor for MARC records for validation of the user input. The originality of the work is the adoption of the formal approach in specification of the constraints instead of writing source code in programming language.

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Yacobi, Lee, Dafne Guetta, and Ehud Behar. "CONSTRAINTS ON THE HADRONIC CONTENT OF GAMMA RAY BURSTS." Astrophysical Journal 793, no. 1 (September 3, 2014): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0004-637x/793/1/48.

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Stecker, M. M. "Approximate information content of a signal with bispectral constraints." IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing 51, no. 1 (January 2003): 52–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tsp.2002.806556.

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Boughn, Stephen P., and Juan M. Uson. "Constraints on the Dwarf Star Content of Dark Matter." Physical Review Letters 74, no. 2 (January 9, 1995): 216–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.74.216.

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Boughn, Stephen P., and Juan M. Uson. "Constraints on the Dwarf Star Content of Dark Matter." Physical Review Letters 74, no. 16 (April 17, 1995): 3304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.74.3304.

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23

Xu, Jianguo. "Short sale constraints and the information content of trading." China Economic Journal 3, no. 1 (June 23, 2010): 87–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17538963.2010.487353.

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Schaffner, Urs, Klaas Vrieling, and Eddy van der Meijden. "Pyrrolizidine alkaloid content in Senecio : ontogeny and developmental constraints." Chemoecology 13, no. 1 (March 1, 2003): 39–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s000490300004.

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Laurenson, Yan C. S. M., Stephen C. Bishop, and Ilias Kyriazakis. "In silicoexploration of the mechanisms that underlie parasite-induced anorexia in sheep." British Journal of Nutrition 106, no. 7 (April 20, 2011): 1023–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114511001371.

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A model was used to investigate two mechanisms describing reductions in food intake (anorexia) observed during gastrointestinal parasitism in lambs, and to explore relationships between anorexia and food composition. The mechanisms were either a reduction in intrinsic growth rate, leading to a consequent reduction in food intake (mechanism 1; M1), or a direct reduction in food intake (mechanism 2; M2). For both mechanisms, lambs growing from 2 to 6 months of age were modelled, with one of three levels of trickle challenge withTeladorsagia circumcincta. Scenarios were simulated for feeds varying in either protein or energy content, or both. Major differences were found between the predictions resulting from M1 and M2 on low-energy foods that constrained the intake of uninfected lambs through bulk. With M1, food intake was governed by the first operating constraint, whereas with M2 an additivity of constraints was observed. On the other foods, the duration of anorexia increased with increasing energy content of feed for M1, whilst the duration of anorexia decreased with increasing protein content of feed for M2.For foods that did not have an impact upon lambs' gastrointestinal tract capacity, published data were consistent with predictions of M2. Due to an absence of experimental data, no conclusions could be drawn for relationships between anorexia and food composition in the presence of other limiting constraints, such as bulk for low-energy foods. In conclusion, available experimental data and model predictions were consistent with anorexia having an impact directly on food intake, and with impacts of anorexia increasing with decreasing protein content.

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McCrigler, Brittany, and Martin Rippens. "Industry Innovation and Classroom Constraints." International Journal of Sociotechnology and Knowledge Development 8, no. 3 (July 2016): 15–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijskd.2016070102.

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iFixit's Technical Writing Project provides an example of an innovative academia-industry partnership that introduces students to the field of UX. The project bridges the industry-academia divide by leveraging private-sector flexibility along with UX's transdisciplinary nature in the design of a modular, academically-recognizable service learning project that has been successfully incorporated as coursework across multiple university departments. While gaining hands-on experience in UX design, students are exposed to best practices in information architecture, SEO, usability testing, content strategy, and categorization. At project's end, student work is published on iFixit's wiki-style website, which is accessed by 85 million users annually. Developed and implemented within the constraints of the academic context, innovative programmatic features—such as offering modifiable project scopes and timelines, providing students and instructors with substantive feedback and support from professional staff, and dividing the project into clear milestones—ensure that the project maintains academic rigor while simultaneously meeting the needs of its industry partner.

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Zhang, Yun, Jian Xin Sheng, Jin Feng Zhang, and Xue Na Jin. "Research on Saturation Switched Control of Three-Phase Active Power Filter Based on State Feedback Model the Content." Advanced Materials Research 971-973 (June 2014): 1129–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.971-973.1129.

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The main difficulties in controlling Three-phase active power filter (APF) arise from their hybrid nature, and the saturation of nonlinear constraints. A novel approach to the modeling and regulation problem of APF is presented from the combined perspective of switched system and stability of systems with saturation constraints. Firstly, the three-phase APF is built as switched affine system model. Based on the sufficient condition for quadratic stability of convex combination, the common Lyapunov function was selected. Meanwhile, the switched rules are put forward by this function. The paper also discusses the problem of feedback control for the switched systems with saturated nonlinear constraint; and gives a stability condition for switched system under state saturation. Finally, simulation results have good agreement with the theory analysis, and demonstrate the validity of this approach.

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Delin, Judy, John A. Bateman, and Patrick Allen. "A model of genre in document layout." Information Design Journal 11, no. 1 (September 26, 2003): 54–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/idj.11.1.10del.

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We present a framework for the describing the genres of illustrated documents, based on analysis at five levels: content structure, rhetorical structure, layout structure, navigation structure, and linguistic structure. We also include three sources of constraints under which a document might be produced and interpreted: canvas constraints, production constraints, and consumption constraints. Document genres are conceptualised as complex specifications composed of descriptions at each of the five levels that conform in characteristic ways to the three kinds of constraint. We propose that the eight parameters together form a ‘space’ of possible identities for documents, electronic or paper. The notion of ‘genre space’ captures the fact that it is possible for new genres to develop at different positions in the space, as well enabling relationships between document types, or even transformations between them, to be examined and described.

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Liapis, Antonios, Georgios N. Yannakakis, and Julian Togelius. "Constrained Novelty Search: A Study on Game Content Generation." Evolutionary Computation 23, no. 1 (March 2015): 101–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/evco_a_00123.

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Novelty search is a recent algorithm geared toward exploring search spaces without regard to objectives. When the presence of constraints divides a search space into feasible space and infeasible space, interesting implications arise regarding how novelty search explores such spaces. This paper elaborates on the problem of constrained novelty search and proposes two novelty search algorithms which search within both the feasible and the infeasible space. Inspired by the FI-2pop genetic algorithm, both algorithms maintain and evolve two separate populations, one with feasible and one with infeasible individuals, while each population can use its own selection method. The proposed algorithms are applied to the problem of generating diverse but playable game levels, which is representative of the larger problem of procedural game content generation. Results show that the two-population constrained novelty search methods can create, under certain conditions, larger and more diverse sets of feasible game levels than current methods of novelty search, whether constrained or unconstrained. However, the best algorithm is contingent on the particularities of the search space and the genetic operators used. Additionally, the proposed enhancement of offspring boosting is shown to enhance performance in all cases of two-population novelty search.

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Kelbert, Anna, Adam Schultz, and Gary Egbert. "Global electromagnetic induction constraints on transition-zone water content variations." Nature 460, no. 7258 (August 2009): 1003–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature08257.

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Kimball, D. F. Jackson. "Nuclear spin content and constraints on exotic spin-dependent couplings." New Journal of Physics 17, no. 7 (July 9, 2015): 073008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/17/7/073008.

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Cataldi, G., A. Brandeker, G. Olofsson, C. H. Chen, W. R. F. Dent, I. Kamp, A. Roberge, and B. Vandenbussche. "Constraints on the gas content of the Fomalhaut debris belt." Astronomy & Astrophysics 574 (January 15, 2015): L1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201425322.

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Dreibus, Gerlind, and Herbert Palme. "Cosmochemical constraints on the sulfur content in the Earth's core." Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 60, no. 7 (April 1996): 1125–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(96)00028-2.

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Jin, Xin, and Qionghai Dai. "Clustering-Based Content Adaptive Tiles Under On-chip Memory Constraints." IEEE Transactions on Multimedia 18, no. 12 (December 2016): 2331–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tmm.2016.2600439.

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Belov, Dmitry I., Ronald D. Armstrong, and Alexander Weissman. "A Monte Carlo Approach for Adaptive Testing With Content Constraints." Applied Psychological Measurement 32, no. 6 (September 2008): 431–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0146621607309081.

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TOON, ANDREW. "PARTICLE CONTENT IN TOPOLOGICAL FIELD THEORIES." Modern Physics Letters A 09, no. 01 (January 10, 1994): 29–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732394000058.

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By demanding that the path-integral measure of the topological field theories be metric-independent, we can derive powerful constraints on the particle content of a topological field theory as well as on the dimensionality of space-time. We also relate this metric independence to the number of degrees of freedom in the theory.

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Barrouillet, Pierre, and Jean-François Lecas. "Content and context effects in children's and adults' conditional reasoning." Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A 55, no. 3 (August 2002): 839–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02724980143000587.

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We have recently shown that children interpret conditional sentences with binary terms (e.g., male/female) in both the antecedent and the consequent as biconditionals (Barrouillet & Lecas, 1998). We hypothesized that the same effect can be obtained with conditionals that do not contain binary terms provided that they are embedded in a context that restricts to only two the possible values on both the antecedent and the consequent. In the present experiment, we asked 12-year-old children, 15-year-old children, and adults to draw conclusions from conditional syllogisms that involved three types of conditional sentence: (1) conditionals with binary terms (BB), (2) conditionals with non-binary terms (NN), and (3) conditionals with non-binary terms embedded in a restrictive context (NNR). As we predicted, BB conditionals elicited more biconditional response patterns than did NN conditionals in all age groups. On the other hand, manipulating the context had the same effect in children but not in adults. Content and context constraints on conditional reasoning along with developmental issues are discussed within the framework of the mental models theory.

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Chiewchankaset, Porntip, Saowalak Kalapanulak, and Treenut Saithong. "Extended Utilization of Constraint-Based Metabolic Model in a Long-Growing Crop." Processes 7, no. 5 (May 4, 2019): 259. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr7050259.

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The constraint-based rMeCBM-KU50 model of cassava storage root growth was analyzed to evaluate its sensitivity, with respect to reaction flux distribution and storage root growth rate, to changes in model inputted data and constraints, including sucrose uptake rate-related data—photosynthetic rate, total leaf area, total photosynthetic rate, storage root dry weight, and biomass function-related data. These mainly varied within ±90% of the model default values, although exceptions were made for the carbohydrate (−90% to 8%) and starch (−90% to 9%) contents. The results indicated that the predicted storage root growth rate was highly affected by specific sucrose uptake rates through the total photosynthetic rate and storage root dry weight variations; whereas the carbon flux distribution, direction and partitioning inclusive, was more sensitive to the variation in biomass content, particularly the carbohydrate content. This study showed that the specific sucrose uptake rate based on the total photosynthetic rate, storage root dry weight, and carbohydrate content were critical to the constraint-based metabolic modeling and deepened our understanding of the input–output relationship—specifically regarding the rMeCBM-KU50 model—providing a valuable platform for the modeling of plant metabolic systems, especially long-growing crops.

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Vandierendonck, Andre, and Gino De Vooght. "Working Memory Constraints on Linear Reasoning with Spatial and Temporal Contents." Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A 50, no. 4 (November 1997): 803–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/713755735.

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The present article reports two experiments testing the use of working memory components during reasoning with temporal and spatial relations in four-term series problems. In the first experiment four groups of subjects performed reasoning tasks with temporal and with spatial contents either without (control) or with a secondary task (articulatory suppression, visuospatial suppression or central executive suppression). The second experiment tested the secondary task effects in a within-subjects design either on problems with a spatial content or on problems with a temporal content, and within each content domain either under conditions of self-paced or of fixed presentation of the premises. Both experiments found effects of all three secondary tasks on reasoning accuracy. This supports the hypothesis that the subjects construct spatial representations of the premise information with the support of visuo-spatial resources of working memory. The second experiment also showed that during premise intake, only visuo-spatial and central executive secondary tasks had an effect. The implications of the data for the working memory requirements of reasoning and for theories of linear reasoning are discussed.

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Harley, Trevor A. "Content without a frame? The role of vocabulary biases in speech errors." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 21, no. 4 (August 1998): 518–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x98311267.

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Constraints on the types of speech errors observed can be accounted for by a frame/content distinction, but connectionist modeling shows that they do not require this distinction. The constraints may arise instead from the statistical properties of our language, in particular, the sequential biases observed in the vocabulary. Nevertheless, there might still be a role for the frame/content distinction in syntactic planning.

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Brogaard, K., F. Grundahl, E. L. Sandquist, D. Slumstrup, M. L. Jensen, J. B. Thomsen, J. H. Jørgensen, et al. "Age and helium content of the open cluster NGC 6791 from multiple eclipsing binary members." Astronomy & Astrophysics 649 (May 2021): A178. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202140911.

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Context. Models of stellar structure and evolution can be constrained using accurate measurements of the parameters of eclipsing binary members of open clusters. Multiple binary stars provide the means to tighten the constraints and, in turn, to improve the precision and accuracy of the age estimate of the host cluster. In the previous two papers of this series, we have demonstrated the use of measurements of multiple eclipsing binaries in the old open cluster NGC 6791 to set tighter constraints on the properties of stellar models than was previously possible, thereby improving both the accuracy and precision of the cluster age. Aims. We identify and measure the properties of a non-eclipsing cluster member, V56, in NGC 6791 and demonstrate how this provides additional model constraints that support and strengthen our previous findings. Methods. We analyse multi-epoch spectra of V56 from FLAMES in conjunction with the existing photometry and measurements of eclipsing binaries in NGC6971. Results. The parameters of the V56 components are found to be Mp = 1.103 ± 0.008 M⊙ and Ms = 0.974 ± 0.007 M⊙, Rp = 1.764 ± 0.099 R⊙ and Rs = 1.045 ± 0.057 R⊙, Teff,p = 5447 ± 125 K and Teff,s = 5552 ± 125 K, and surface [Fe/H] = +0.29 ± 0.06 assuming that they have the same abundance. Conclusions. The derived properties strengthen our previous best estimate of the cluster age of 8.3 ± 0.3 Gyr and the mass of stars on the lower red giant branch (RGB), which is MRGB = 1.15 ± 0.02 M⊙ for NGC 6791. These numbers therefore continue to serve as verification points for other methods of age and mass measures, such as asteroseismology.

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Wang, Huaijun, Dandan Du, Junhuai Li, Wenchao Ji, and Lei Yu. "A Cyclic Consistency Motion Style Transfer Method Combined with Kinematic Constraints." Journal of Sensors 2021 (June 29, 2021): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5548614.

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Motion capture technology plays an important role in the production field of film and television, animation, etc. In order to reduce the cost of data acquisition and improve the reuse rate of motion capture data and the effect of movement style migration, the synthesis technology of motion capture data in human movement has become a research hotspot in this field. In this paper, kinematic constraints (KC) and cyclic consistency (CC) network are employed to study the methods of kinematic style migration. Firstly, cycle-consistent adversarial network (CCycleGAN) is constructed, and the motion style migration network based on convolutional self-encoder is used as a generator to establish the cyclic consistent constraint between the generated motion and the content motion, so as to improve the action consistency between the generated motion and the content motion and eliminate the lag phenomenon of the generated motion. Then, kinematic constraints are introduced to normalize the movement generation, so as to solve the problems such as jitter and sliding step in the movement style migration results. Experimental results show that the generated motion of the cyclic consistent style transfer method with kinematic constraints is more similar to the style of style motion, which improves the effect of motion style transfer.

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Gonçalves, Cristiane Castro, Greg Hirth, and Leonardo Lagoeiro. "The rheology of banded iron formation: constraints from axial compression experiments." Rem: Revista Escola de Minas 65, no. 4 (December 2012): 501–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0370-44672012000400010.

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Samples of Banded Iron Formation (BIF) with different quartz and hematite contents were deformed in axial compression experiments in a Griggs-type apparatus, at T = 900ºC, P =1.5 GPa and strain rates of 10-5 and 10-6 s-1. The aim is to investigate the mineral phase that controls the rheology of multi-phase rocks and to determine the processes that control the observed rock strength. BIF samples from Quadrilátero Ferrífero region-Brazil were cored perpendicular to the foliation, which is defined by parallel bands of quartz and iron oxide. Sample strength decreases with increasing hematite content and decreasing strain rate. At a strain rate of 10-5 s-1, samples with well-developed compositional banding showed higher strength. At the slower strain rate of 10-6 s-1 no difference between samples with or without compositional banding is observed. For comparison, at 10-6 s-1, the highest quartz content sample is as weak as the highest hematite content sample at 10-5 s-1. Strain is localized in hematite-rich layers. One intriguing observation is that quartz grains within the more deformed hematite-rich bands show more evidence for crystal-plastic deformation than grains in quartz-rich bands.

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Goncharenko, Igor, Mikhail Svinin, Yutaka Kanou, and Shigeyuki Hosoe. "Predictability of Rest-to-Rest Movements in Haptic Environments with 3D Constraints." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 18, no. 4 (August 20, 2006): 458–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.2006.p0458.

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We present a networked system with interchangeable constraints for studying skillful human movements via haptic (PHANToM-based) displays. The unified interface easily links different physical models with 2D and 3D static spatial constraints and graphical content related to the models. We analyzed motions based on data recorded by a history unit with a frequency of 100Hz. Theoretical and experimental kinematic profiles compared for several cases of basic reaching rest-to-rest tasks included curve-constrained motions with different curvatures, flexible object control, and cooperative two-arm movements. Experimental patterns exhibit the best agreement with optimal control models based on jerk and force-change minimization criteria.

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Shriberg, Lawrence D., and Carol J. Widder. "Speech and Prosody Characteristics of Adults with Mental Retardation." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 33, no. 4 (December 1990): 627–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/jshr.3304.627.

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Audio-recorded continuous speech samples from forty 20–50-year-old noninstitutionalized persons with mental retardation were selected from a database of 192 samples. Descriptive data on segmental and suprasegmental characteristics were obtained using close phonetic transcription as input to linguistic analyses software. For this sample of adults with mental retardation, speech and prosody status were not statistically associated with gender or gross level of mental retardation, but were associated with estimated probability of independent living. Speech and prosody analyses and content analyses of transcribers’ comments yielded diacritic-level profiles of these speakers’ linguistic and paralinguistic behaviors in continuous speech. Additional analyses of the error data tested alternative sources of processing involvement within a four-stage speech production model. A cognitive capacity constraint, which limits the speaker’s ability to allocate resources to phonological encoding, is proposed as a sufficient explanation for the obtained pattern of token-to-token inconsistency of articulation. An additional sociolinguistic constraint is hypothesized to account for reduced prosodic and paralinguistic competence in continuous discourse. Both constraints are amenable to intervention programming. Findings fail to support the view that the potential for long-term speech prosody competence in individuals with mental retardation is limited by speech-motor constraints. Discussion includes intervention considerations in the context of current trends in special education.

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Wheeler, J. Craig. "Luminous Content of Galaxies: Inferences from Supernovae." Symposium - International Astronomical Union 116 (1986): 467–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900149423.

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Some luminous stars undoubtedly explode as supernovae, but it is not yet certain that fate awaits them all. The connection between luminous stars and supernovae is reviewed in terms of the statistical rates of supernovae and pulsars, the constraints of nucleosynthesis, and the various classifications of supernovae by their spectra and light curves, including a newly confirmed class of peculiar Type I supernovae.

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GARAEV, Yu O. "THE ORIGINALITY OF COMBINATION OF VARIOUS INFORMATION CONSTRAINTS IN SPORTS CONTENT." Historical and social-educational ideas 7, no. 5/1 (July 8, 2015): 203. http://dx.doi.org/10.17748/2075-9908-2015.7.5/1.203-206.

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GARAEV, Yu O. "THE ORIGINALITY OF COMBINATION OF VARIOUS INFORMATION CONSTRAINTS IN SPORTS CONTENT." Historical and social-educational ideas 7, no. 5/1 (July 8, 2015): 203. http://dx.doi.org/10.17748/2075-9908.2015.7.5/1.203-206.

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GARAEV, Yu O. "THE ORIGINALITY OF COMBINATION OF VARIOUS INFORMATION CONSTRAINTS IN SPORTS CONTENT." Historical and social-educational ideas 7, no. 5 (July 8, 2015): 203. http://dx.doi.org/10.17748/2075-9908-2015-7-5-203-206.

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Wen, Jun, Chung-En Yu, and Edmund Goh. "Physician-assisted suicide travel constraints: thematic content analysis of online reviews." Tourism Recreation Research 44, no. 4 (September 10, 2019): 553–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02508281.2019.1660488.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Content constraints'

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