Journal articles on the topic 'Content choices'
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Cardona-Rivera, Rogelio, Justus Robertson, Stephen Ware, Brent Harrison, David Roberts, and R. Young. "Foreseeing Meaningful Choices." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Interactive Digital Entertainment 10, no. 1 (June 29, 2021): 9–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aiide.v10i1.12716.
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A choice positively contributes to a player's sense of agency when it leads to meaningfully different content. We shed light on what a player may consider meaningfully different by developing a formalism for interactive stories in terms of the change in situational content across choices. We hypothesized that a player will feel a higher sense of agency when making a choice if they foresee the available actions lead to meaningfully different states. We experimentally tested our formalism's ability to characterize choices that elicit a higher sense of agency and present evidence that supports our claim. Study participants (n=88) played a choose-your-own-adventure game and reported a higher sense of agency when faced with choices that differed in situational content over choices that didn't, despite these choices differing in non-situational ways. We contend our findings are a step toward principled approaches to the design of interactive stories that target specific cognitive and affective states.
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Hansen, Klaus-Henning. "Teachers' choices of content and context in computer-education courses." Computers & Education 21, no. 1-2 (July 1993): 17–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0360-1315(93)90043-i.
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Rozas Gómez, Claudia. "Risky Choices." Teachers' Work 18, no. 1 (August 6, 2021): 36–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/teacherswork.v18i1.308.
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Achievement data from New Zealand secondary schools suggest that students from lower socio-economic communities have fewer opportunities to engage with complex content in subject English. This article examines this phenomenon by drawing on Foucault’s notion of governmentality and considers how a context of simultaneously increased autonomy and surveillance may shape curriculum and assessment choices. To explore these ideas, I use interview data from ten secondary English teachers in the wider Auckland region. I complement Foucault’s (1982) explanation of governmentality with Ball, Maguire, and Braun’s (2012) notion of policy enactment to explore spaces of both compliance and resistance.
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Bagchi, Aditi. "Would Reasonable People Endorse a ‘Content-Neutral’ Law of Contract?" European Review of Contract Law 17, no. 2 (June 1, 2021): 245–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ercl-2021-0012.
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Abstract This essay raises two challenges to Peter Benson’s compelling new account of contract law. First, I argue that Benson’s use of the concept of reasonableness goes beyond the Rawlsian account to require that we impute to others a capacity to transcend their contingent circumstances in the context of contractual choice. In fact, our choices in contract are driven by external contingencies and it is only reasonable to take those constrains on other people’s choices into account. Second, I contest Benson’s related claim that contract law should be, and largely is, content-neutral. I argue to the contrary that the justice of a society depends on the cumulative outcomes from market transactions, and the justice of transactions depends on the justice of the institutional matrix of which transactional law is one part.
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Livingstone, Katherine M., Gavin Abbott, Karen E. Lamb, Kate Dullaghan, Tony Worsley, and Sarah A. McNaughton. "Understanding Meal Choices in Young Adults and Interactions with Demographics, Diet Quality, and Health Behaviors: A Discrete Choice Experiment." Journal of Nutrition 151, no. 8 (May 24, 2021): 2361–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jn/nxab106.
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ABSTRACT Background Our understanding of meal choices is limited by methodologies that do not account for the complexity of food choice behaviors. Discrete choice experiments (DCEs) rank choices in a decision-making context. Objectives This study aimed to rank the relative importance of influences on meal choices in young adults and examine interactions by subgroups. Methods Adults (18–30 y) living in Australia were recruited via social media to complete an Internet-based DCE and survey. Participants were presented with 12 choice sets about a typical weekday meal, consisting of 5 attributes (taste, preparation time, nutrition content, cost, and quality). Diet quality (Dietary Guideline Index) was calculated from brief dietary questions. Conditional logit models ranked meal attributes, including interactions by sex, education, area-level disadvantage, diet quality, and weight status. Results In total, 577 adults (46% female, mean ± SD age 23.8 ± 3.8 y) completed the DCE and survey. Nutrition content was the most important influence on meal choice (B: 1.48; 95% CI: 1.31, 1.64), followed by cost (B: –0.75; 95% CI: –0.87, –0.63), quality (B: 0.58; 95% CI: 0.49, 0.67), taste (B: 0.55; 95% CI: 0.45, 0.65), and preparation time (B: –0.42; 95% CI: –0.52, –0.31). Females, those with higher diet quality, and those with a BMI (in kg/m2) <25 had higher preferences for better nutrition content. Females had higher preferences for better taste and lower preferences for higher-cost meals. Participants with higher education had higher preferences for better nutrition content. Participants living in higher area-level disadvantage areas had higher preferences for longer preparation time. Conclusions Nutrition content was the most important influence on young adults’ meal choices. Preferences differed by sex, socioeconomic position, diet quality, and weight status. Findings show the suitability of DCEs for understanding food choice behaviors in young adults and support the need for meal-based interventions to be tailored according to demographic and health characteristics.
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Al Hamra, Anwar, and Pascal A. Felber. "Design choices for content distribution in P2P networks." ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review 35, no. 5 (October 6, 2005): 29–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1096536.1096540.
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Brierley, Meaghan, and Charlene Elliott. "Transparent choices: communicating packaged food content to children." Visual Communication 16, no. 1 (January 9, 2017): 57–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1470357216668693.
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Focusing on how children make food choices, this article presents research to support efforts to meet children’s information needs when it comes to food packaging. Using focus groups, the authors examine children’s perspectives on ‘most healthy’ and ‘least healthy’ packaged food. Findings reveal that children understand whole foods as ‘healthy’ foods, use the Nutrition Facts label to guide their decisions, and interpret package visuals as literal descriptions of what a food contains. These findings provide evidence-based support to improve food packaging design regulations. Finally, the authors call for transparent visual communication strategies, which aim to improve the critical thinking skills of children, and provide a foundation for informed decision-making across a lifetime.
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Porter, Christine M. "‘Choice’: what we mean by it, and what that means for preventing childhood obesity." Public Health Nutrition 16, no. 1 (March 6, 2012): 123–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980012000596.
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AbstractObjective(i) To map how US adults value ‘choice’ in the context of obesity policy and (ii) to discuss implications for obesity prevention in children.DesignSemi-structured interviews (n 105) were conducted between 2006 and 2009 about causes of and solutions to childhood obesity. Quotes captured in field notes from community meetings (n 6) on childhood obesity prevention were also analysed. Each use of the word ‘choice’ and its variants was identified in these texts. Content and discourse were analysed to identify the implied values and meaning in each use.SettingNorth-eastern USA.SubjectsOne hundred and five adults, some involved in childhood obesity prevention initiatives.ResultsThree distinct frames of ‘choice’ emerged: (i) having choices (choice as freedom), (ii) making choices (choice as responsibility) and (iii) influencing choices (contextual constraints and impacts on choice). Many speakers used more than one frame over the course of an interview. Most people using the third frame seemed to share the values behind the first two frames, but focused on conditions required to enable people to be accountable for their choices and to make truly free choices. A small subset thought outside the frame of individual choice, valuing, as one person put it, a ‘social contract’.ConclusionsPublic debate in the USA about responsibility for and solutions to rising obesity rates often hinges on notions of ‘choice’. These frames, and the values underlying them, are not mutually exclusive. Respecting the values behind each ‘choice’ frame when crafting obesity prevention policy and employing all three in public communications about such policy may facilitate greater consensus on prevention measures.
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Stuart Holmes Rosenthal, David. "Architectural choices in LOCKSS networks." Library Hi Tech 32, no. 1 (March 11, 2014): 2–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/lht-09-2013-0120.
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Purpose – The LOCKSS digital preservation technology collects, preserves and disseminates content in peer-to-peer networks. Many such networks are in use. The Global LOCKSS Network (GLN) is an open network with many nodes in which libraries preserve academic journals and books that they purchase. The CLOCKSS network is a closed network, managed by a non-profit consortium of publishers and libraries to form a dark archive of e-journal content. There are also many Private LOCKSS Networks (PLNs) preserving various genres of content. Each of these networks is configured to meet the specific requirements of its community and the content it preserves. This paper seeks to address these issues. Design/methodology/approach – This paper describes these architectural choices and discusses a development that could enable other configurations. Findings – Third-party rights databases would allow hosted LOCKSS networks. Practical implications – Hosted LOCKSS networks would be cheaper. Originality/value – Reducing cost of digital preservation is important in a time of strained library budgets.
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Rashchupkina, Yuliya, Yuliya Tushnova, and Dalen Alasaad. "Features of procedural characteristics of life elections of young people depending on types of personal maturity/immaturity." SHS Web of Conferences 70 (2019): 08031. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20197008031.
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The article presents the results of a study of the procedural characteristics of life choices by young people. The choices of life are choices of lifestyle, career and other significant. For each of the life choices, the process characteristics are considered, which reflect confidence, independence, awareness of choice and expressed in the self-esteem of respondents. The procedural characteristics are analyzed in connection with the maturity of the personality, which determines their specificity for each of life’s choices. Personal maturity is considered as a specific phenomenon, the structure of which is reflected by the integrity of interconnected components, including value-motivational, emotional-volitional, reflective, operational components. Types of personality maturity are distinguished on the basis of the content of each of the components and are considered in the continuum “personality maturity - personality immaturity”. Empirically studied and disclosed are the features of the process characteristics of each of the life choices of young people, depending on the severity and types of their personal maturity. It is empirically established that the severity of the procedural characteristics of each of the life choices is due to the type of maturity or immaturity. Each of the life choices of young people was considered in the context of maturity.
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Hogg, Tad, and Kristina Lerman. "Stochastic Models of User-Contributory Web Sites." Proceedings of the International AAAI Conference on Web and Social Media 3, no. 1 (March 19, 2009): 50–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/icwsm.v3i1.13939.
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We describe a general stochastic processes-based approach to modeling user-contributory web sites, where users create, rate and share content. These models describe aggregate measures of activity and how they arise from simple models of individual users. This approach provides a tractable method to understand user activity on the web site and how this activity depends on web site design choices, especially the choice of what information about other users' behaviors is shown to each user. We illustrate this modeling approach in the context of user-created content on the news rating site Digg.
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Hammer, Tonya R. "A Content Analysis of Women's Career Choices in Film." Journal of Creativity in Mental Health 5, no. 3 (September 14, 2010): 260–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15401383.2010.507590.
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Bretz, Robert D., and Timothy A. Judge. "The Role of Human Resource Systems in Job Applicant Decision Processes." Journal of Management 20, no. 3 (June 1994): 531–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/014920639402000301.
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Given that organizations make choices about how to manage their human resources, information about the organization is often expressed or implied in the human resource systems that organizations implement. This study proposes that information conveyed through human resource systems affects applicant job choices, that particular systems will be more important to some people than to others, and that job acceptance will be influenced by the degree to which individual characteristics match the content of the system information presented. A policy-capturing design was used to assess the effects of human resource systems within the context of other variables that past research has shown to significantly influence job choices. Results suggested support for the importance of human resource systems in job choice decisions, and further suggested that the fit between individual characteristics and organizational settings described by these systems may be particularly important determinants of job acceptance.
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Crossnohere, N., E. Janssen, SJ Knight, B. Hauber, and J. Bridges. "MSR36 Developing the Consolidated Health Outcomes/Interventions Choice-Modeling Evaluation Standards (CHOICES): A Content Analysis." Value in Health 25, no. 7 (July 2022): S524—S525. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jval.2022.04.1243.
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Parsons, Marsha B., Vicki N. Harper, Joyce M. Jensen, and Dennis H. Reid. "Integrating Choice into the Leisure Routines of Older Adults with Severe Disabilities." Journal of the Association for Persons with Severe Handicaps 22, no. 3 (September 1997): 170–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154079699702200305.
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This investigation examined a means of evaluating and increasing leisure choices within a senior program for older adults with severe disabilities. An observation system was developed to measure the frequency and content of leisure choice opportunities as well as the manner in which each of 3 participants made choices. A process including both staff training and management components was implemented with direct support staff from the senior program. The process initially involved training staff to provide choice opportunities in accordance with participants' choice-making skills. Following training, staff received spoken and written feedback regarding the number and type of choice opportunities provided by staff as well as the number of choices made by participants. The choice provision program was accompanied by an increase in the number, and to a lessor degree the diversity, of choice opportunities provided by staff as well as an increase in the number of choices made by each participant. Results suggested that the increase in choices made by 2 participants was not only due to an increase in choice opportunity but also potentially to an improvement in choice-making skill. Results are discussed regarding the continued need to evaluate procedures for extending research advances pertaining to quality of life into routine practice in agencies providing supports for older adults with severe disabilities.
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Angelia, Caecilia Ivana. "CODE CHOICE USED IN YOUTUBE CONTENT “NEBENG BOY”." PRASASTI: Journal of Linguistics 5, no. 1 (June 8, 2020): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/prasasti.v5i1.39342.
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<p>Nebeng Boy is one of the most popular YouTube content created by Indonesian YouTuber and an ex-Video Jockey from MTV, Boy William. The participants in this YouTube content are divided into two; the Host and the Guests. This research aims to find out the code choices chosen by the participants of YouTube content “Nebeng Boy” and the reasons why the participants choose the different codes.</p><p>This research was a case study of sociolinguistics which employed a descriptive qualitative method. In collecting the data, the researcher has done a few techniques namely taking notes from observing the conversation, transcribing the dialogues between participants, and classifying the data. The researcher used total sampling technique and took the whole part of dialogue from six videos of “Nebeng Boy”.</p><p>The results of this research show that the code choices employed by the participants of Nebeng Boy are informal variety from Bahasa Indonesia and English which resembles of high social class or high social status. Each participant has different way in using the codes and also has different reason behind it. The Host of the program uses informal code choices to show solidarity, express emotions, show intimacy, changing topics, and including another person to the conversation. Meanwhile, the factors that the guests use the code choices are the background of the person, the profession, function of the conversation, topics, the situation of conversation, and to include another person.</p>
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Ray, Jack L., Rodney A. Reynolds, and E. Carranza. "Understanding Choice Utterances." Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A 41, no. 4 (November 1989): 829–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14640748908402395.
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When individuals offer choices, they intend them to be mandatory (requiring action) or permissive (not requiring action), and they intend them to be open (allowing the choice of both options) or closed (not allowing the choice of both options). In two studies subjects were presented with sets of syntactically equivalent disjunctive sentences with varying content designed to represent four patterns of permitted choice. The research indicates that individuals distinguish four distinct uses of “or” in deontic contexts, and that individuals more often judge choices as mandatory than permissive. The research also compared responses to questions about choice giver intent and receiver choice. The data indicate that when judging intent, individuals are inclined to understand some choices to be permissive. However, when judging what action they might take as choice receiver, subjects tend to regard action to be mandatory. It appears that although people have some facility in assessing a permission giver's intent, they often apply a more restrictive rule to themselves than is required by the choice giver.
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Kwan, Alvin C. M., Samuel K. W. Chu, Athena W. L. Hong, Frankie Tam, Grace M. Y. Lee, and Robin Mellecker. "Making Smart Choices." International Journal of Game-Based Learning 5, no. 1 (January 2015): 18–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijgbl.2015010102.
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Current educational resources for sex education in Hong Kong are mainly designed to be used in classroom. They are mostly text-based and are unattractive to the most vulnerable adolescent group. As discussion on sex is still taboo in Chinese society, self-learning resources can supplement classroom teaching. This paper describes an interactive game playable on Facebook, iPad and the web to educate young adolescents with reliable knowledge and positive attitudes towards relationship and sex and life skills necessary for making wise decisions regarding love and sex in a fun way. The effectiveness and acceptance of the game were evaluated by more than 1000 grades 7-9 students from six schools. The results showed that after playing the game, students' sex knowledge improved with a medium effect size. The students were mostly receptive to the game, finding it fun to play with and describing the content as “interesting”, “interactive”, “informative”, “close to reality” and “applicable”.
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Salloum, Ramzi G., Rima Nakkash, Niveen M. E. Abu-Rmeileh, Randah R. Hamadeh, Muhammad W. Darawad, Khalid A. Kheirallah, Yahya Al-Farsi, et al. "Individual-level determinants of waterpipe smoking demand in four Eastern-Mediterranean countries." Health Promotion International 34, no. 6 (November 8, 2018): 1157–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/heapro/day084.
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Abstract The prevalence of waterpipe tobacco smoking in the Eastern Mediterranean Region is at alarmingly high levels, especially among young people. The objective of this research was to evaluate the preferences of young adult waterpipe smokers with respect to potential individual-level determinants of waterpipe smoking using discrete choice experiment methodology. Participants were young adult university students (18–29 years) who were ever waterpipe smokers, recruited from universities across four Eastern Mediterranean countries: Jordan, Oman, Palestine and the United Arab Emirates. The Internet-based discrete choice experiment, with 6 × 3 × 2 block design, evaluated preferences for choices of waterpipe smoking sessions, presented on hypothetical waterpipe café menus. Participants evaluated nine choice sets, each with five fruit-flavored options, a tobacco flavored option (non-flavored), and an opt-out option. Choices also varied based on nicotine content (0.0% vs. 0.05% vs. 0.5%) and price (low vs. high). Participants were randomized to receive menus with either a pictorial + text health-warning message or no message (between-subjects attribute). Multinomial logit regression models evaluated the influence of these attributes on waterpipe smoking choices. Across all four samples (n = 1859), participants preferred fruit-flavored varieties to tobacco flavor, lower nicotine content and lower prices. Exposure to the health warning did not significantly predict likelihood to opt-out. Flavor accounted for 81.4% of waterpipe smoking decisions. Limiting the use of fruit flavors in waterpipe tobacco, in addition to accurate nicotine content labeling and higher pricing may be effective at curbing the demand for waterpipe smoking among young adults.
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Moilanen, Tanja, Anna-Maija Pietilä, Margaret Coffey, and Mari Kangasniemi. "Developing a scale: Adolescents’ health choices related rights, duties and responsibilities." Nursing Ethics 26, no. 7-8 (April 9, 2019): 2511–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0969733019832952.
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Background: Adolescents’ health choices have been widely researched, but the ethical basis of these choices, namely their rights, duties, and responsibilities, have been disregarded and scale is required to measure these. Objective: To describe the development of a scale that measures adolescents’ rights, duties, and responsibilities in relation to health choices and document the preliminary scale testing. Research design: A multi-phase development method was used to construct the Health Rights Duties and Responsibilities ( HealthRDR) scale. The concepts and content were defined through document analysis, a systematic literature review, and focus groups. The content validity and clarity of the items were evaluated by expert panel of 23 adolescents, school nurses, and researchers. We calculated the content validity index and the content validity ratio at on item and scale levels. Preliminary testing was conducted with 200 adolescents aged 15–16 years. Descriptive statistics, Cronbach’s alpha correlation, and statistics for the item-analysis were calculated. Ethical considerations: Ethical approval and permission were obtained according to national legislation and responsible research practice was followed. Informed consent was obtained from the participants and the parents were informed about the study. Findings: The Health Rights Duties and Responsibilities scale comprises of four sub-scales with 148 items: 15 on health choices, 36 on rights, 47 on duties, and 50 on responsibilities. The items had a 0.93 content validity index and a 0.85 content validity ratio. Cronbach’s alpha correlation coefficient was 0.99 for the total scale and the individual sub-scales scores were health choices (0.93), rights (0.97), responsibilities (0.99), and duties (0.98). Discussion: The findings are discussed in light of the ethical concepts and validity and reliability of the developed scale. Conclusion: The Health Rights Duties and Responsibilities scale defines and understands adolescents’ rights, duties, and responsibilities in relation to health choices and has good content validity. Further testing and refinement of the concepts are needed.
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Boonme, Kittipong, Bartlomiej Hanus, Victor R. Prybutok, Daniel A. Peak, and Christopher Ryan. "Visual information influences consumer fast-food choices." Nutrition & Food Science 44, no. 4 (July 8, 2014): 279–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/nfs-03-2013-0036.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the influence of visual information cues such as a heart icon vs the calories and fat content on the selection of healthy food in fast-food restaurants (FFRs). Design/methodology/approach – An online survey design providing a fast-food menu was implemented to collect responses from the participants. The survey respondents were recruited from a large South-western university in the USA. The research model was tested using logistic regression. Findings – Data analysis shows that visual information plays a significant role in healthy food selection in FFRs. The authors findings show that the heart icons have a statistically significant effect on food choices, while calories and fat content information did not affect the participants’ selections vs no information. Originality/value – Dietary choices and obesity are a serious social concern. This study provides support for the effect of a heart icon symbol on food choice in fast-food selection. The implication is that labelling FFR menus with symbols such as our heart icon will have a positive impact on healthy food selection vs the more usual inclusion of calorie and fat information.
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Budak, Ceren, and Justin Rao. "Measuring the Efficiency of Charitable Giving with Content Analysis and Crowdsourcing." Proceedings of the International AAAI Conference on Web and Social Media 10, no. 1 (August 4, 2021): 32–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/icwsm.v10i1.14747.
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In the U.S., individuals give more than 200 billion dollars to over 50 thousand charities each year, yet how people make these choices is not well understood. In this study, we use data from CharityNavigator.org and web browsing data from Bing toolbar to understand charitable giving choices. Our main goal is to use data on charities' overhead expenses to better understand efficiency in the charity marketplace. A preliminary analysis indicates that the average donor is "wasting" more than 15% of their contribution by opting for poorly run organizations as opposed to higher rated charities in the same Charity Navigator categorical group. However, charities within these groups may not represent good substitutes for each other. We use text analysis to identify substitutes for charities based on their stated missions and validate these substitutes with crowd-sourced labels. Using these similarity scores, we simulate market outcomes using web browsing and revenue data. With more realistic similarity requirements, the estimated loss drops by 75%—much of what looked like inefficient giving can be explained by crowd-validated similarity requirements that are not fulfilled by most charities within the same category. A choice experiment helps us further investigate the extent to which a recommendation system could impact the market. The results indicate that money could be redirected away from the long-tail of inefficient organizations. If widely adopted, the savings would be in the billions of dollars, highlighting the role the web could have in shaping this important market.
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Tayi, Giri Kumar, and Bin Srinidhi. "A synthesizing framework for technology and content choices for information exchange." Information Technology and Management 7, no. 4 (December 2006): 239–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10799-006-0274-x.
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Thomas, Sarah, and Thomas Hawes. "Thematic options in reports of previous research." Australian Review of Applied Linguistics 17, no. 1 (January 1, 1994): 45–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/aral.17.1.03tho.
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Abstract This paper discusses one identifying feature of journal articles — Reports or Citations. The study focuses on an examination of the syntactic choices available to writers for making reporting statements and the conditions governing such choices. There is a great deal of variation in the forms of the Reports in academic articles and one factor in this seems to be the writer’s choice of a particular element of the message as Theme of the reporting statement. The purpose of this research was to turn up information regarding thematic options and their distribution which would be useful for identifying the patterns of choice that are characteristic of reporting. We investigate the way in which the choice of Theme affects the syntactic form of the Reports. It is suggested that a typology of Reports based on participant Subject in the Theme element can be drawn up. Reports were categorised as having Agent Themes, Text Reference Themes or Content Term Themes. With these three main choices for Theme, variations are created when Textual, Interpersonal or Ideational elements in the form of Circumstantial Adjuncts work in conjunction with the Subject headword. The different syntactic forms of Reports resulting from different thematic choices are shown to be associated with the function of Reports in their contexts.
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Artemova, Liubov. "INNOVATIONS IN THE PREPARATION OF STUDENTS OF PRESCHOOL SPECIALIZATION TO AN UNDERSTANDING IN TODDLERS CHOICE OF THE SECOND YEAR OF LIFE." Educational Discourse: collection of scientific papers, no. 32(4) (May 5, 2021): 63–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.33930/ed.2019.5007.32(4)-7.
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As a result of the 3-year study of children from birth to 3-years, the content, methods, various manifestations of their daily choices in various spheres of need - emotional and personal life were detected. Obtained materials served as a content base for the training of educational tests, which the students carried out the choice procedure. In such organized practical choice, they learned to see, distinguish, understand, feel the choice of kids: lawful from unacceptable, expressed in various ways - emotional, oral, tactile, gesture, effective, etc. Due to the achievements and difficulties of their own choice, future educators participated in needs, interests, aspirations, cognitive capes, individuality of children that showed and characterized their subjects in personal development and growth.
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McKelvey, Fenwick, and Robert Hunt. "Discoverability: Toward a Definition of Content Discovery Through Platforms." Social Media + Society 5, no. 1 (January 2019): 205630511881918. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2056305118819188.
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Discoverability is a concept of growing use in digital cultural policy, but it lacks a clear and comprehensive definition. Typically, discoverability is narrowly defined as a problem for content creators to find an audience given an abundance of choice. This view misses the important ways that apps, online stores, streaming services, and other platforms coordinate the experiences of content discovery. In this article, we propose an analytical framework for studying the dynamic and personalized processes of content discovery on platforms. Discoverability is a kind of media power constituted by content discovery platforms that coordinate users, content creators, and software to make content more or less engaging. Our framework highlights three dimensions of this process: the design and management of choice in platform interfaces (surrounds), the pathways users take to find content and the effects those choices have (vectors), and the resulting experiences these elements produce. Attention to these elements, we argue, can help researchers grapple with the challenging mutability and individualization of experience on content discovery platforms as well as provide a productive new way to consider content discovery as a matter of platform governance.
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Guzek, Pęska, and Głąbska. "Role of Food Neophobia and Allergen Content in Food Choices for a Polish Cohort of Young Women." Nutrients 11, no. 11 (November 1, 2019): 2622. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11112622.
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Young women are vulnerable to a number of factors which influence their food choices, including beliefs about food products, or information about nutritional value, while information, that product is free from specific component generates consumer perceptions of its healthfulness. Among the factors which may influence such perception, there is food neophobia (FN). The aim of this study was to determine the influence of FN and information about allergens on the food product choices in the Polish cohort of young women, in the choice experiment when given a model restaurant menu. The web-based choice experiment, in a group of 600 women, aged 18–30 years, with no food allergies diagnosed, was conducted using a mock Italian-style restaurant menu. For 2 starters, 2 soups, 3 main courses and 3 desserts that were included, the allergen content, neophobic potential and perceived lack of healthiness, for a Polish population, were defined. Each respondent randomly received the version containing only a description of dishes, or a description accompanied by the allergens listed. The FN was assessed using the Food Neophobia Scale (FNS). The type of menu (with or without allergens listed) did not influence the choices of dishes. The highest FN level was observed for the women being inhabitants of villages (median of 32). The respondents characterized by a high level of FN less commonly chose dishes characterized by neophobic potential as a starter (Carpaccio), main course (Risotto ai frutti di mare) and dessert (Zabaglione). At the same time, the highest FN level was observed for respondents who chose dishes with no neophobic potential (median of 34.5). However, for allergen content and perceived lack of healthiness, no association with FN was observed, so it may be stated that for neophobic respondents, only neophobic potential is a factor limiting the choice of dishes. It may be concluded that food neophobia in young women may limit the consumption of dishes with unknown food products, and the influence is observed independently of other features of a dish, such as allergen content or perceived healthiness. The problem may appear especially for inhabitants of villages, who are characterized by the highest level of FN.
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Khokhar, Ashar Johnson. "Women Representation in Textbooks in Pakistan: Impact on Career and Study Choices of Female Students Enrolled in the Postgraduate Programmes." Pakistan Journal of Women's Studies: Alam-e-Niswan 27, no. 2 (December 31, 2020): 35–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.46521/pjws.027.02.0077.
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The present study explores factors that contribute to the making of career and study choices of female students enrolled in postgraduate programmes in Pakistan. This study collected data from students enrolled in Masters and MPhil programmes using a focus group discussion data collection strategy. The focus of data analysis was to unearth reasons given by the participants of their career choices and discover factors that influenced their career choice. The focus group discussions revealed that family and female representation in textbooks were the main reasons for their choices. Female role models that could inspire them to select a particular profession were missing in the textbooks. To address this gap and omission and to help female students in making better study and career choices, this study suggests that the textbook regime in Pakistan should make more space for female-centered content and present to pupils the life stories of successful women in different fields.
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Shen, Wan, Lucy M. Long, Chia-Hao Shih, and Mary-Jon Ludy. "A Humanities-Based Explanation for the Effects of Emotional Eating and Perceived Stress on Food Choice Motives during the COVID-19 Pandemic." Nutrients 12, no. 9 (September 4, 2020): 2712. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12092712.
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Perceived stress affects emotional eating and food choices. However, the extent to which stress associates with food choice motives is not completely understood. This study assessed whether emotional eating mediates the associations between perceived stress levels and food choice motives (i.e., health, mood, convenience, natural content, price, sensory appeal, familiarities, weight control, and ethical concerns) during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 pandemic. A total of 800 respondents were surveyed in the United States in June 2020. Their perceived stress, emotional eating, and food choice motives were assessed by the Perceived Stress Scale, Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire, and Food Choice Questionnaire, respectively. Moderate to high levels of perceived stress were experienced by the majority (73.6%) of respondents. Perceived stress was significantly correlated with emotional eating (r = 0.26) as well as five out of nine food choice motives: mood (r = 0.32), convenience (r = 0.28), natural content (r = −0.14), price (r = 0.27), and familiarity (r = 0.15). Emotional eating was significantly correlated with four out of nine food choice motives: mood (r = 0.27), convenience (r = 0.23), price (r = 0.16), and familiarity (r = 0.16). The mediation analyses showed that emotional eating mediates the associations between perceived stress and five food choices motives: mood, convenience, sensory appeal, price, and familiarity. Findings were interpreted using theories and concepts from the humanities, specifically, folklore studies, ritual studies, and symbolic anthropology.
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Carter, William. "Putting choice in the spotlight to advance theory on organizational adaptation to technological discontinuities." Organization Management Journal 17, no. 2 (July 3, 2020): 83–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/omj-04-2019-0720.
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Purpose This paper aims to develop and argue for a new research path to advance theory on incumbent firm adaptation to discontinuous technological change. Integrating variance and process epistemologies, implications of distinguishing a firm's capacity to adapt from their adaptive choices are highlighted. Design/methodology/approach The concepts and argument presented are based on an extensive review and synthesis of the literature on the phenomenon. Findings Distinguishing resource-based capacity variables and behavioral-based choice variables can fuel progress in the literature on incumbent adaptation to technological changes. More attention is needed on the direct, proximate determinants of what occurs in the process of adaptation, e.g. the intermediate choices to adapt, the timing of adaptive actions and the selection of a means for adapting. Work must then associate specific choices with performance outcomes to complete both sides of the mediated cause-effect model connecting characteristics of the decision issue to performance. Originality/value Most studies toward understanding how incumbent firms adapt to discontinuous technological innovation have used variance analyses to identify firm and technology characteristics that explain adaptation outcomes. Focusing on characteristics and content, however, does not adequately explain why or how firms adapt. Scholars thus continue to lament the lack of clear, practical theory. I contend one heretofore unaddressed reason for this dissatisfaction is that too much of the research base neglects the importance of understanding choices and the factors affecting them.
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Nettelhorst, Stephen, Laura Brannon, Angela Rose, and Whitney Whitaker. "Online viewers’ choices over advertisement number and duration." Journal of Research in Interactive Marketing 14, no. 2 (May 22, 2020): 215–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jrim-07-2019-0110.
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Purpose The purpose of this study is to investigate online viewers’ preferences concerning the number and duration of video advertisements to watch during commercial breaks. The goal of the investigations was to assess whether online viewers preferred watching a fewer number of advertisements with longer durations or a greater number of advertisements with shorter durations. Design/methodology/approach Two studies used experimental research designs to assess viewers’ preferences regarding advertisements. These designs used two independent variables and one dependent variable. The first independent variable manipulated the type of choice options given to online viewers (e.g. one 60 s or two 30 s advertisements). The second independent variable manipulated when the choice was given to online viewers (i.e. at the beginning of the viewing experience or in the middle of the experience). The dependent variable measured viewers’ choices concerning their preferred advertisement option. Findings The results across both studies found that participants made choices that minimized total advertisement exposure time when possible. When minimizing total exposure time was not possible, participants made choices that minimized the number of exposures instead. Originality/value These investigations extend the literature on advertisement choice by examining online viewers’ preferences about the format of their advertising experience rather than the content of the persuasive messages themselves. In addition, these investigations provide value by investigating viewers’ responses to stimuli within realistic online simulations rather than abstract hypotheticals.
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Beatrik S., Rissa. "KEMAMPUAN BERBAHASA ANAK DALAM BUKU HARIAN DITINJAU DARI KAJIAN MEMORI, PIKIRAN, DAN BAHASA." CENDEKIA: Journal of Education and Teaching 10, no. 1 (April 8, 2016): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.30957/cendekia.v10i1.80.
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This research describes contents of diary perceived from memory, mind, and language aspects. This research used content analysis design, focusing on analysis of students’ diaries. Five diaries obtained from students were used for analysis. Not all students memorized their daily events in a diary. The study revealed that flows of expression in the diary indicate flow of mind, expression and word choice. Memory shows sequence of events and chronological techniques of presentation. Thinking process captures how events and linkages between facts are integrated. Mind process shows critical thinking as reflected in the variety of word choices and sentence flows. Evidently, diaries support students’ writing quality.
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Gallagher,, Rhonda, Mary Lou Miller, and Calvin Roso. "Effectiveness of Content Order in Improving Ethical Communication Choices in Oral Communications." Journal of the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning for Christians in Higher Education 7, no. 1 (2016): 11–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.31380/sotlched.7.1.11.
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Bleakley, Amy, Michael Hennessy, and Martin Fishbein. "A Model of Adolescents' Seeking of Sexual Content in Their Media Choices." Journal of Sex Research 48, no. 4 (July 2011): 309–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00224499.2010.497985.
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Stanca, Luca, Marco Gui, and Marcello Gallucci. "Attracted but Unsatisfied: The Effects of Sensational Content on Television Consumption Choices." Journal of Media Economics 26, no. 2 (April 2013): 82–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08997764.2013.785552.
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Januar Ali, Denny, and Eriyanto Eriyanto. "Political Polarization and Selective Exposure of Social Media Users in Indonesia." Jurnal Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik 24, no. 3 (June 4, 2021): 268. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jsp.58199.
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This study is intended to answer the question of how political polarization is related to social media users’ posts about Covid-19. The researchers chose health cases related to Covid-19 instead of political issues (e.g. elections) to prove that this political polarization has spread to many areas. The research also wants to see the relationship between this political polarization and selective exposure. Theories applied in this study are polarization, filter bubble, and selective exposure. The study applied two methods: social media network analysis and content analysis. The network analysis included 82,156 posts, while the content analysis was carried out on 4,050 social media accounts. The research outcome proves the occurrence of political polarization. Social media users were divided into two major groups, namely pro-Jokowi and anti-Jokowi. Each group interacted with fellow users who had the same political choices and shared the same message content. Users with certain political choices tend to receive the same information as their political choices, and ignore information from other political parties. Another interesting finding from this study is how this polarization was sharpened by the use of hashtags. Each party (supporters and oppositions of Jokowi) uses hashtags to create solidarity and mobilization from each supporter. Research also proves the validity of the selective exposure and filter bubble hypothesis in the Indonesian context.
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Gibbs, Brian. "The complicated pursuit of democratic teaching." Phi Delta Kappan 99, no. 4 (November 27, 2017): 21–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0031721717745551.
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This article describes one secondary social studies teacher’s attempts to build a pedagogically democratic classroom. The teacher designs curriculum around large essential questions, connects content to the present lives of students, and creates space for students to make their own decisions and choices. The teacher is convinced that she has created a strong democratic space. Upon closer inspection, when given a choice, students consistently chose gender and ethnic alike teams. This raised difficult and complicated questions about what a democratic classroom is. The author concludes that issues of gender, race, and student reflection upon their choices about gender and race have to be a strongly and well-embedded part of democratic teaching.
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Brand, Jeffrey, and Mark Finn. "Informing Our Own Choices: A Proposal for User-Generated Classification." Media International Australia 130, no. 1 (February 2009): 112–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x0913000113.
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New media are distrusted media, and computer games are the contemporary currency in new media. Computer game content, like other popular media content, is regulated in different jurisdictions by one of three general models: the open market in which consumption decides the availability of product, industry self-regulation in which industry bodies decide, and government regulation in which government or quasi-governmental bodies decide. Arguably, these models represent the twentieth century state of the art and fail to keep pace with changes in the aesthetics and technologies associated with interactive entertainment. In a networked economy, alternative models exist to serve content gatekeeping functions, and they serve to close the lags and limitations that plague existing models. These alternatives include innovations such as user-generated classification and dynamic meta-tagging. This paper examines current classification approaches and their limitations, and presents alternative approaches with a hypothetical game title.
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Clark, Jill, and Thomas H. Little. "Party Change and Policy Reform: Welfare Programs in the American States." American Review of Politics 23 (January 1, 2003): 379–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.15763/issn.2374-7781.2002.23.0.379-396.
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This paper examines the effects of party control (Republican or Democrat) on state welfare policies after congressional passage of Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) in 1996. Interviews and surveys of legislative actors suggest that the adoption process in many states was highly partisan, but there was no relationship between party measures and welfare policy content for all states. Policy makers reported that welfare policy choices were influenced by the re-election context in a state. States that adopted more generous TANF policies had: competitive party systems, liberal ideologies, or previously high rankings on AFDC expenditures. Party positions redefined the welfare policy problem and set the parameters for welfare reform choices, but those choices were modified by contextual variables in some states. A few Republican governors accomplished comprehensive welfare policy reform.
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Brown, Helen. "The Interplay of Set Content and Temporal Context in a Functional Theory of Tonality Perception." Music Perception 5, no. 3 (1988): 219–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/40285398.
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The purpose of this study was to provide evidence for the perceptual component of an analysis of pitch relationships in tonal music that includes consideration of both formal analytic systems and musical listeners' responses to tonal relationships in musical contexts. It was hypothesized (1) that perception of tonal centers in music develops from listeners' interpretations of time-dependent contextual (functional) relationships among pitches, rather than primarily through knowledge of psychoacoustical or structural characteristics of the pitch content of sets or scales and (2) that critical perceptual cues to functional relationships among pitches are provided by the manner in which particular intervallic relationships are expressed in musical time. Excerpts of tonal music were chosen to represent familiar harmonic relationships across a spectrum of tonal ambiguity/specificity. The pitch-class sets derived from these excerpts were ordered: (1) to evoke the same tonic response as the corresponding musical excerpt, 2) to evoke another tonal center, and (3) to be tonally ambiguous. The effect of the intervallic contents of musical excerpts and strings of pitches in determining listeners' choices of tonic and the effect of contextual manipulations of tones in the strings in directing subjects' responses were measured and compared. Results showed that the musically trained listeners in the study were very sensitive to tonal implications of temporal orderings of pitches in determining tonal centers. Temporal manipulations of intervallic relationships in stimuli had significant effects on concurrences of tonic responses and on tonal clarity ratings reported by listeners. The interval rarest in the diatonic set, the tritone, was the interval most effective in guiding tonal choices. These data indicate that perception of tonality is too complex a phenomenon to be explained in the time-independent terms of psychoacoustics or pitch- class collections, that perceived tonal relationships are too flexible to be forced into static structural representations, and that a functional interpretation of rare intervals in optimal temporal orderings in musical contexts is a critical feature of tonal listening strategy.
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Demir, Gulperi. "Determination of Consumers’ Liquid Choices, Consumption Frequencies and Habits." New Trends and Issues Proceedings on Advances in Pure and Applied Sciences, no. 8 (December 22, 2017): 116–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.18844/gjapas.v0i8.2825.
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This study aimed to determine consumers’ liquid choices, their consumption frequencies and habits. The study was conducted on 332 individuals aged between 16 and 30 (mean age: 20.7 ± 3.1 years). The most important factors that affect consumers’ liquid choices are tastiness (74.7%), easy accessibility (71.4%) and being a continuously consumed beverage (69.3%), respectively. Of the participants, 78.0% consumed liquids at meals, 66.3% of them started the day with a drink, 65.4% controlled alcohol content in energy drinks, 62.3% consumed water while eating, 50.0% consumed water in the recommended amount and 46.7% paid attention to the warning statement when purchasing energy drinks. The liquids that participants consumed over the percentage consumption score were as follows: water (119.3%), tea (114%), ayran (83.7%), coffee (77.7%), fruit juice (66.9%), soda (65.8%) and milk (64.2%). It is thought that especially young consumers need to be informed about the healthy liquid choices and consumption habits.
Keywords: Liquid choice, consumer, consumption frequency, habits.
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Savickas, Mark L., and Erik J. Porfeli. "Revision of the Career Maturity Inventory." Journal of Career Assessment 19, no. 4 (May 26, 2011): 355–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1069072711409342.
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Initially administered in 1961, the Career Maturity Inventory (CMI) was the first paper-and-pencil measure of vocational development. The present research revised the CMI to reestablish its usefulness as a succinct, reliable, and valid measure of career choice readiness, with a few theoretically relevant and practically useful content scales for diagnostic work with school populations up to and including Grade 12. The new Form C was produced by combining rational organization of item content with confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). In the end, CMI Form C provides a total score for career choice readiness, three scale scores reflecting career adaptability dimensions of concern, curiosity, and confidence, and a score reflecting relational style in forming occupational choices. Initial evidence supports the face, construct, and concurrent validity of the CMI scores as indicators of career choice readiness.
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Vilaro, Melissa J., Wenjun Zhou, Sarah E. Colby, Carol Byrd-Bredbenner, Kristin Riggsbee, Melissa D. Olfert, Tracey E. Barnett, and Anne E. Mathews. "Development and Preliminary Testing of the Food Choice Priorities Survey (FCPS): Assessing the Importance of Multiple Factors on College Students’ Food Choices." Evaluation & the Health Professions 40, no. 4 (November 2, 2017): 425–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0163278717735872.
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Understanding factors that influence food choice may help improve diet quality. Factors that commonly affect adults’ food choices have been described, but measures that identify and assess food choice factors specific to college students are lacking. This study developed and tested the Food Choice Priorities Survey (FCPS) among college students. Thirty-seven undergraduates participated in two focus groups ( n = 19; 11 in the male-only group, 8 in the female-only group) and interviews ( n = 18) regarding typical influences on food choice. Qualitative data informed the development of survey items with a 5-point Likert-type scale (1 = not important, 5 = extremely important). An expert panel rated FCPS items for clarity, relevance, representativeness, and coverage using a content validity form. To establish test–retest reliability, 109 first-year college students completed the 14-item FCPS at two time points, 0–48 days apart ( M = 13.99, SD = 7.44). Using Cohen’s weighted κ for responses within 20 days, 11 items demonstrated moderate agreement and 3 items had substantial agreement. Factor analysis revealed a three-factor structure (9 items). The FCPS is designed for college students and provides a way to determine the factors of greatest importance regarding food choices among this population. From a public health perspective, practical applications include using the FCPS to tailor health communications and behavior change interventions to factors most salient for food choices of college students.
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Ibrahim, Hatem, Bassma Aboukalloub, and Reem Awwaad. "Appraisal of Nationals and Expatriates Housing Choices in Metropolitan Doha." Open House International 44, no. 4 (December 1, 2019): 64–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ohi-04-2019-b0009.
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The case of metropolitan Doha presents a unique study that has witnessed several transition phases in the urbanization process. It has embarked in massive urbanization processes as part of the national planning vision. Nationals constitute 11% and expatriates constitute 89% of the total population of Qatar, which is environed by the government to manage the economic dynamism. Housing choice reflects the joint influences of government policies, housing market conditions, and personal factors such as housing preferences and the income level. The paper aims at studying housing choices for nationals and expatiates in metropolitan Doha through assessing the factors that limit housing choice for nationals and expatriates, providing policy recommendations to address the demand-supply gap in the market, and propose housing distribution in view of the developed housing choice framework. Three tools have been used: content analysis of reference data, questionnaire survey of housing preferences, and qualitative interview of experts' perceptions. This study has provided qualitative data on the issues of housing distribution and expansion in relation to housing choices. It has concluded baseline information for the nationals and expatriates housing distribution and the demographic dilemma.
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BARTELS, BRANDON L. "The Constraining Capacity of Legal Doctrine on the U.S. Supreme Court." American Political Science Review 103, no. 3 (August 2009): 474–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003055409990049.
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Does law exhibit a significant constraint on Supreme Court justices' decisions? Although proponents of the attitudinal model argue that ideology predominantly influences justices' choices, “hybrid models” posit that law and ideology exhibit discrete and concurrent effects on justices' choices. I offer a new conceptualization of legal constraint examining how legal rules permit varying degrees of ideological discretion, which establishes how strongly ideological preferences will influence justices' votes. In examining the levels-of-scrutiny legal doctrine, I posit theoretical models highlighting the differential constraining capacities of the strict scrutiny, intermediate scrutiny, and rational basis rules. I use a multilevel modeling framework to test the hypotheses within the context of theGrayneddoctrine in free expression law. The results show that strict scrutiny, whichGraynedapplied to content-based regulations of expression, significantly constrains ideological voting, whereas intermediate scrutiny (applied to content-neutral regulations) and the low scrutiny categories each promote high levels of ideological voting.
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Lance, Larry M. "Gender Differences in Heterosexual Dating: A Content Analysis of Personal Ads." Journal of Men’s Studies 6, no. 3 (June 1998): 297–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/106082659800600303.
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Heterosexual females and males are continually searching for members of the opposite sex for dating and romance. Have changes in gender roles over the recent past resulted in changes in the characteristics in the search for dating and romance? There are various available choices for those presently interested in meeting, dating, and possibly finding romance with some-one. One of these available choices, placing descriptive, singles ads in newspapers and magazines, was investigated in this research. A content analysis of 1,433 descriptive ads was conducted to determine the characteristics sought in potential heterosexual partners for females and males and to compare these characteristics with characteristics identified in previous studies. Results of this content analysis suggest that changes in the “marriage gradient” are taking place and that nonsmoking is becoming more of a concern for both males and females who are seeking a potential partner.
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Kidd, Quentin. "The Real (Lack of) Difference between Republicans and Democrats: A Computer Word Score Analysis of Party Platforms, 1996–2004." PS: Political Science & Politics 41, no. 03 (June 18, 2008): 519–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049096508080694.
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For years voters and political pundits have grumbled about the lack of real choice between Republicans and Democrats. Scholars have examined party behavior and suggested reasons for concern. Determining whether there is a real ideological and policy difference between U.S. political parties, and the nature of that difference, is important for political science and for democratic politics generally. Ultimately, democracy is about choices, and where choices are few, democracy is degraded. One way to examine the choices that political parties offer voters is by assessing their political platforms. Even in an era of candidate-centric politics, political party platforms spell out the general programs offered by the parties, and the platforms are heavily influenced by the policy positions of the candidates themselves. In addition, the political platform is the one document that spells out the entire program of the party. Individual candidate speeches capture only snippets (at best) of the policy choices offered to voters. Recent innovations in computerized content analysis make it possible to analyze large bodies of text such as party platforms in a systematic way by treating words as data, then analyzing them statistically.
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Stevens, Elise M., and Francesca R. Dillman Carpentier. "Facing Our Feelings." Communication Research 44, no. 1 (July 8, 2016): 3–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0093650215587358.
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According to mood management theory, individuals are hedonically motivated to select media content that facilitates a positive mood state, which at its core, suggests a desire to escape from—to avoid—affective states that are not positive. In efforts to explain when individuals might make non-hedonic media choices, two studies examined individuals’ coping tendencies and current affect, among other measures, before making a media content choice. Results showed that mood management was most predictive for people who were naturally inclined to cope with stressors using avoidance tactics. Those who were less inclined to engage in avoidance coping strategies did not appear compelled to escape from, that is, improve, their low positive affective state with “happy” media. Findings are discussed in terms of situating mood management behaviors within the larger context of coping strategies. Implications of this research include the furtherance of entertainment theory and technology innovation with regard to tailoring one’s entertainment media diet.
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Ares, Gastón, Leandro Machín, Leticia Vidal, Jessica Aschemann-Witzel, Tobias Otterbring, María Rosa Curutchet, Ana Giménez, and Isabel Bove. "How Can We Motivate People to Use Nutritional Warnings in Decision Making? Citizen Co-Created Insights for the Development of Communication Campaigns." Health Education & Behavior 47, no. 2 (November 24, 2019): 321–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1090198119889086.
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Nutritional warnings are intended to enable citizens to make informed choice by clearly identifying food products with excessive content of nutrients associated with noncommunicable diseases. The efficacy of this public policy is expected to improve if accompanied by communication campaigns that raise awareness of the existence of nutritional warnings, as well as encourage citizens to take them into account in decision making. Because ordinary citizens have been shown to generate significantly more creative and valuable ideas than advanced users and professional developers, the aim of the present work was to obtain qualitative, citizen co-created insights for the design of a communication campaign. An online study was conducted with 518 Uruguayan citizens, recruited using a Facebook advertisement. Participants were asked to answer a series of open-ended questions about how they would encourage other people to use the warnings for making their food choices, as well as the key contents of a communication campaign. Responses were analyzed using content analysis. Results showed that, according to the participants’ accounts, an effective public awareness campaign aimed at promoting the use of nutritional warnings in decision making should include three main concepts: (a) position warnings as a cue to action for improving eating habits by enabling informed choices; (b) emphasize the benefits of using the warnings for avoiding consumption of unhealthy food and, consequently, achieving a healthier diet and an improvement in health status and quality of life; and (c) increase the perceived susceptibility and severity of the negative consequences of consumption of foods with excessive content of sugar, fat, and sodium. A communication campaign based on these key concepts could contribute to increasing the efficacy of nutritional warnings.
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Oellingrath, Inger M., Margrethe Hersleth, and Martin V. Svendsen. "Association between parental motives for food choice and eating patterns of 12- to 13-year-old Norwegian children." Public Health Nutrition 16, no. 11 (October 4, 2012): 2023–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980012004430.
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AbstractObjectiveTo determine (i) the importance of parents’ motives for everyday family food choices; and (ii) the relationship between parental food choice motives and eating patterns of 12- to 13-year-old children.DesignCross-sectional study. A modified version of the Food Choice Questionnaire was used to determine parental motives for food choices. The children's food and drink intake was reported by their parents using a retrospective FFQ. Eating patterns were derived using principal component analysis. The association between food choice motives and eating patterns was examined using multiple linear regression analysis.SettingPrimary schools, Telemark County, Norway.SubjectsIn total, 1095 children aged 12–13 years and their parents.ResultsThe parental motive ‘sensory appeal’ was the most important for food choice, followed by ‘health’, ‘convenience’, ‘natural content’ and ‘weight control’. The food choice motives were associated with the eating patterns of the children, independent of background variables. The motive ‘health’ was most strongly associated with a ‘varied Norwegian’ eating pattern, representing a diverse diet and regular meals, while the motive ‘convenience’ appeared to be the most important barrier to this eating pattern. ‘Weight control’ was not associated with the ‘varied Norwegian’ eating pattern.ConclusionsTo encourage parents to make healthy food choices for their children, health promotion activities should focus on the health benefits of a diverse diet and regular meals, rather than weight control. Recommended food products should be made more convenient and easily available for families with children.