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Fox, Timothy Davis. "Right back "in facie curiae" : a statistical analysis of appellate affirmance rates in court-initiated attorney-contempt proceedings /." abstract (free order & download UNR users only), 2007. http://0-gateway.proquest.com.innopac.library.unr.edu/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:1448331.
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Thesis (M.J.S.)--University of Nevada, Reno, 2007."August, 2007." Includes bibliographical references. Online abstract available on the World Wide Web. Library also has microfilm. Ann Arbor, Mich. : ProQuest Information and Learning Company, [2007]. 1 microfilm reel ; 35 mm.
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BARBOSA, A. V. O. "O Contempt of court no direito norte-americano e brasileiro." Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2010. http://repositorio.ufes.br/handle/10/2708.
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Previous issue date: 2010-06-21O contempt of court stricto sensu é um ato de desprezo pela corte, um ato de desrespeito ou desobediência para com o poder judiciário, que interfere em seu procedimento regular com a intenção de embaraçar, atrapalhar ou obstruir a administração da justiça. Lato sensu corresponde ao que chamamos de instituto jurídico compreendendo além do ato propriamente dito, o poder que a corte tem para reprimir este, os procedimentos necessários para sua apuração e as sanções aplicáveis. O contempt power é o poder que as cortes possuem para reprimir atos que constituem contempt of court por intermédio da aplicação de sanções. A premissa básica é que não existe judiciário sem um poder que lhe assegure autoridade e garanta o cumprimento de suas decisões. A origem deste poder se confunde com a própria origem do judiciário nos países de common law, o que acaba por torná-lo inerente a este. É certo que não se trata de um poder ilimitado, utilizado indiscriminadamente, existem procedimentos próprios para a apuração deste. No Brasil o instituto não é utilizado em sua plenitude, entretanto a vasta pesquisa jurisprudencial efetuada permitiu concluir que os Tribunais pátrios reconhecem o contempt of court tanto no sentido estrito, relacionado ao ato atentatório propriamente dito, como no amplo, como o instituto adequado para punir atos de desobediência a ordens judiciais.
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Atake, E. D. "Contempt in the face of the court and the procedure for committal." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.384309.
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Mohd-Sheriff, Shukriah. "The contempt power : a sword or a shield? : a study of the law and practice of contempt of court in Malaysia." Thesis, Durham University, 2010. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/536/.
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The issue relating to contempt of court has caught the attention of people from all walks of life in Malaysia, particularly, after the controversial incidents of the removal of Tun Salleh Abbas, the then Lord President, in 1988 and the dismissal of the former Deputy Prime Minister, Dato’ Seri Anwar Ibrahim, in 1998. The judiciary is attacked and its independence is questioned. The lawyers are placed under the threat of contempt proceedings when they tried to exercise their right to freedom of speech and expression and to exercise their duty to act for their clients without fear or favour. The Bar feels that the right to freedom of speech and expression is infringed. The Bar perceives that the contempt power was being misused by the judges. The Malaysian law of contempt of court is derived from the English common law tradition and is characterised by substantial flexibility. This flexibility results in variable approaches and perceptions by judges that leave uncertainties in this area of law. Consequently, a draft of Contempt of Court Act 1999 has been proposed to the Malaysian government with the main intention of overcoming uncertainties in the law. Placing the comprehensive rules in a statute will allow easier access to and greater clarity of the law because all the rules and procedures would be found in one piece of legislation. This thesis aims to state and explain the law and the practice of contempt of court in Malaysia. This study will examine the anomalies that derived from the substantial flexibility approaches by the judges in this area of law. Thorough examination and analysis would help identifying the problems and dilemma and the way that the draft Contempt of Court Act 1999 could provide remedies for the predicaments. To illuminate the understanding of the actual practical problem, this study incorporates in-depth interviews together with questionnaire surveys. A total of 15 in-depth interviews have been conducted among the Malaysian judicial officers, advocates and prosecutors. This is further complemented by postal questionnaires sent to these selected legal actors chosen at random in accordance with their seniority, aiming at eliciting their knowledge and opinion on the subject matter at hand. The combinations of theoretical discussion on contempt of court, together with the empirical study, have proved to yield a valuable insight into the re-evaluation of the Malaysian law and practice of contempt of court. This research reveals that the uncertainties in the law of contempt of court in Malaysia were ‘caused’ by the inconsistencies in the application and approaches by the judges. The judges have unfettered discretion in determining contempt cases. The majority of the Malaysian legal actors support the idea of placing the law of contempt in a piece of legislation in order to overcome these arbitrariness and uncertainties. They hold that to have credence, the law of contempt would have to be well-defined, as in the absence of any clear guidelines it would be unmerited to imprison anyone for contempt.
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Carvalho, Fabiano Aita. "O contempt of court como técnica processual para efetivação de direitos: a ponderação de direitos fundamentais e a coerção pessoal para sua concretização." Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10923/2303.
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Previous issue date: 2011This Master’s thesis deals with the contempt of court as a means of coercion for enforcing rights, mainly the fundamental rights. For both, we analyze the first institute in the U. S. law, time when we established the concept, species (direct, indirect, civil and criminal), application requirements and sanctions (imprisonment, fines, loss of procedural rights and sequestration). Later, we enter the study of the current scenario of contempt of court in the Brazilian legal system, as well as species of coercion used in our law, namely, coercion sheet (astreintes) and staff (civil arrest of debtor). Finally, addressing the central theme, We demonstrate the admissibility of the imprisonment for contempt of court in Brazil as a means of enforcing rights. We evidenced the possible conflict of principles for adoption of the institute as a means of coercion, discoursing about human dignity, fundamental right to liberty and effective legal protection. We conclude through feasibility of civil imprisonment for contempt of court in very special situations, for safeguard of fundamental rights, based on opening of executives means existing in Article 461, § 5 of the Code of Civil Procedure.
A presente dissertação de Mestrado aborda o contempt of court como meio de coerção para efetivação de direitos, principalmente os fundamentais. Para tanto, primeiramente é analisado o instituto no direito norte-americano, momento em que estabelecido o conceito, espécies (direto, indireto, civil e criminal), requisitos de aplicação e sanções (prisão, multa, perda dos direitos processuais e sequestro). Posteriormente, adentrou-se ao estudo do atual cenário do contempt of court no sistema jurídico brasileiro, bem como as espécies de coerção utilizadas em nosso direito, a saber, a coerção patrimonial (astreintes) e pessoal (prisão civil do devedor de alimentos). Finalmente, abordando o tema central, demonstrou-se a admissibilidade da prisão por contempt of court no Brasil como meio de efetivação de direitos. Evidenciou-se o possível conflito de princípios para adoção do instituto como meio de coerção, discorrendo acerca da dignidade da pessoa humana, direito fundamental à liberdade e à tutela jurídica efetiva. Concluiu-se pela viabilidade da prisão civil por contempt of court em especialíssimas situações, para salvaguarda de direitos fundamentais, com base na abertura dos meios executivos existente no artigo 461, §50, do Código de Processo Civil.
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Moore, Allan Thomas. "Reform of contempt of court in facie curiae in Scotland. The necessity for an overhaul of the law, with reference to current deficiencies, inconsistencies, international comparisons, and the effects of courtroom behaviour and environment on persons present in court." Thesis, University of the West of Scotland, 2016. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.742414.
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Carvalho, Fabiano Aita. "O contempt of court como t?cnica processual para efetiva??o de direitos: a pondera??o de direitos fundamentais e a coer??o pessoal para sua concretiza??o." Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2011. http://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/handle/tede/4157.
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Previous issue date: 2011-08-26A presente disserta??o de Mestrado aborda o contempt of court como meio de coer??o para efetiva??o de direitos, principalmente os fundamentais. Para tanto, primeiramente ? analisado o instituto no direito norte-americano, momento em que estabelecido o conceito, esp?cies (direto, indireto, civil e criminal), requisitos de aplica??o e san??es (pris?o, multa, perda dos direitos processuais e sequestro). Posteriormente, adentrou-se ao estudo do atual cen?rio do contempt of court no sistema jur?dico brasileiro, bem como as esp?cies de coer??o utilizadas em nosso direito, a saber, a coer??o patrimonial (astreintes) e pessoal (pris?o civil do devedor de alimentos). Finalmente, abordando o tema central, demonstrou-se a admissibilidade da pris?o por contempt of court no Brasil como meio de efetiva??o de direitos. Evidenciou-se o poss?vel conflito de princ?pios para ado??o do instituto como meio de coer??o, discorrendo acerca da dignidade da pessoa humana, direito fundamental ? liberdade e ? tutela jur?dica efetiva. Concluiu-se pela viabilidade da pris?o civil por contempt of court em especial?ssimas situa??es, para salvaguarda de direitos fundamentais, com base na abertura dos meios executivos existente no artigo 461, ?50, do C?digo de Processo Civil
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Cruz, Marcos Vinício Raiser da. "A multa diária como meio de coerção para a efetivação da tutela jurisdicional que impõe às partes obrigação de fazer, não fazer ou entregar coisa certa." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2010. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/9069.
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Previous issue date: 2010-06-16The aim of this essay is to study the applicability of the daily fine stated by article 461 of the Brazilian Civil Procedure Code astreintes that can be imposed to a defendant, to assure the obedience of a court ruling regarding an obligation to do something, to not do something, or to give something to someone. We do not have the ambition of completely cover the subject. The subject calls attention because in several occasions, most of the parties, benefited by a daily fine, deviate from the main goal of the lawsuit to pursue only the astreintes, because its value, timely increased, became so disproportional in comparison to the value of the matter in discussion, that such matter is no longer appealing. The astreintes, considering its indubitable comminatory nature, shall comply the debtor to fulfill, rapidly and willingly, the obligation imposed by the court ruling and it has to have a daily value defined with no understatement or exaggeration. Despite the fact that the experts agree upon the non existence of a maximum value, considering the law principles of proportionality and equitableness, it is important that the fine fixed by the Judge be compatible with the case and remains suitable with the obligation to be demanded from the debtor. The reason of the fine is not, and never was, to grant a unjust enrichment to anyone, considering that it benefits, mostly, the plaintiff. We will show, in the conclusion, that the astreintes, having a judicial nature and a specific goal, shall not be used as a way or an instrument to punish the unwilling debtor, once the Brazilian Civil Procedure Code, to such purpose, already has a more suitable alternative, which is the fine for contempt of court, that besides having its value defined by law (20% of the case value), what does not apply to the astreintes as above mentioned, has a different beneficiary, because the amount would be paid to the State
O presente trabalho tem por finalidade o estudo da utilização da multa diária prevista no art. 461 do Código de Processo Civil Brasileiro astreintes imposta ao réu como meio de conferir efetividade às decisões judiciais que determinam o cumprimento de obrigação de fazer, não fazer e de dar. Não temos a pretensão de exaurir o tema. O tema chama a atenção em razão da constatação de que, no cotidiano forense, não raras vezes, as cifras resultantes da imposição de multa periódica são manifestamente desproporcionais ao bem da vida perseguido no processo, tornando atraente para a parte beneficiária abandonar seu objetivo principal e mostrar-se mais interessada no recebimento das astreintes. As astreintes, em razão de sua indiscutível natureza cominatória, devem pressionar o devedor a cumprir, de maneira célere e espontânea, a obrigação que lhe foi imposta em decisão judicial e merecem ser arbitradas sem menosprezo ou exagero. Apesar de haver certo consenso entre os doutrinadores de que não existe limite de valor, com fundamento nos princípios da proporcionalidade e da equidade, é importante que a multa fixada pelo Juiz seja compatível e que guarde certa relação com a obrigação a ser exigida do devedor. O objetivo da multa não é, nem nunca foi, o de proporcionar o enriquecimento ilícito a quem quer que seja, já que ela reverte para o autor da ação. Demonstraremos, na conclusão, que tendo as astreintes natureza jurídica e finalidade próprias, não devem ser utilizadas como instrumento ou como meio para a punição do devedor renitente, já que para esta finalidade o Código de Processo Civil Brasileiro dispõe de ferramenta própria, ou seja, a multa por ato atentatório ao exercício da jurisdição, multa esta que, além de possuir limite fixado em lei (20% do valor da causa), o que não ocorre com as astreintes como dissemos acima, tem destinatário diverso desta, ou seja, a União ou Estado
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Mouton, Carla. "Die toepassing van die sub judice-reël in die Afrikaanse dagblad Beeld / Carla Mouton." Thesis, North-West University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/1406.
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Hews, Rachel Jane. "Twitter trials and Facebook juries: An analysis of the Australian sub judice rule and the regulation of prejudicial publicity on social media during high-profile criminal trials." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2019. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/134133/1/Rachel_Hews_Thesis.pdf.
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This thesis investigates how the sub judice rule operates in practice in the age of social media. While the law was well established in terms of how it regulated the behaviour of publishers before the internet, there are concerns it is less effective in the digital age. By analysing data from Twitter and Facebook during two high-profile murder trials, I investigate the prevalence of prejudicial publicity on social media, and examine how professional journalists and non-journalists talk about criminal trials. This analysis identifies the types of information empanelled jurors might see about trials and what this means for the law.
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Guimarães, Milena de Oliveira. "As medidas coercitivas aplicadas à execução de entregar coisa e de pagar quantia." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2010. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/8986.
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Previous issue date: 2010-05-27The present study aimed at presenting compatible solutions to the civil procedural system for the effectiveness of the enforcement, mainly, for the problematic disobedience of the judgments. The process for enforcing requires coercive methods, as civil prison or fines, compelling contemnor to enforce the order contained in the decision. In this line, it had the intention to approach the specific performance and the money judgments, and giving them an imperative protection from the Court order. The contempt of court institute was mentioned, that is, a typical institute of the common law system, whose aim is to assure the dignity of justice by imposing coercive and punishing procedures. After comparing the both systems civil law and common law the civil contempt was emphasized, a coercive procedure aiming to force him to execute the judicial order. An effective enforcement depends on respect to the administration of justice as corollary of due process of law
O presente estudo tem por objetivo sugerir soluções compatíveis com o sistema processual civil para a efetividade da tutela jurisdicional executiva, notadamente, para a problemática do descumprimento das ordens judiciais. Partiu-se da conceituação da decisão mandamental como tutela executiva, por comportar medidas executivas como meio de compelir o recalcitrante ao cumprimento do comando judicial contido na decisão. Nessa linha, houve a intenção de aproximar as obrigações de entregar coisa e as de pagar quantia, agasalhando-as sobre a proteção do comando judicial imperativo, que exorta ao cumprimento, sob risco de sanção. Trazendo a lume as medidas coercitivas aplicáveis ao devedor renitente, no sistema do common law, à moda do contempt of court, buscou-se ressaltar a eficácia dos provimentos executivos, com evidente superioridade em relação às parcas medidas de apoio permitidas no processo civil brasileiro. Deve-se ter presente que uma tutela executiva efetiva depende de uma ordem jurídica que coloca o respeito à administração da justiça como corolário do devido processo legal. Conclui-se a imprescindibilidade, para a efetividade da tutela executiva, do apoio das medidas coercitivas como a prisão civil e a multa diária nas situações autorizadas pelo ordenamento jurídico, no fim último de sancionar o devedor recalcitrante
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Burgess, Craig Neilson. "Identification of a suspect before being charged: legitimate freedom of speech or a threat to a fair trial?" Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2005. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/16178/1/Craig_Burgess_Thesis.pdf.
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Identification of a person suspected of a heinous crime before being charged risks prejudicing a fair trial. Present laws place this type of publicity outside the reach of sub judice contempt. This thesis argues there should be a change in the law of sub judice contempt making it an offence for the media to publish the fact that a person is under investigation until the person has been charged.
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Burgess, Craig Neilson. "Identification of a suspect before being charged: legitimate freedom of speech or a threat to a fair trial?" Queensland University of Technology, 2005. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/16178/.
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Identification of a person suspected of a heinous crime before being charged risks prejudicing a fair trial. Present laws place this type of publicity outside the reach of sub judice contempt. This thesis argues there should be a change in the law of sub judice contempt making it an offence for the media to publish the fact that a person is under investigation until the person has been charged.
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Старовойтова, С. М. "Адміністративна відповідальність за прояв неповаги до суду в Україні." Thesis, Приватний вищий навчальний заклад "Університет сучасних знань"; Сумський державний університет, 2021. https://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/85457.
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Дисертацію присвячено дослідженню змісту й особливостей адміністративної відповідальності за прояв неповаги до суду в Україні. Визначено генезис інституту адміністративної відповідальності за прояв неповаги до суду. Охарактеризовано нормативно-правові основи адміністративної відповідальності за прояв неповаги до суду. Доведено необхідність визнання шкідливих наслідків кваліфікуючими ознаками адміністративного правопорушення, передбаченого статтею 185-3 КУпАП. Запропоновано вироблення єдиних норм належної поведінки учасників судового процесу і присутніх під час судового засідання та їх закріплення у спеціальному нормативному акті. Розкрито юридичний склад адміністративного правопорушення, передбаченого статтею 185-3 КУпАП. Виявлено загальні засади провадження у справах про прояв неповаги до суду. Визначено процесуальний статус учасників провадження у справах про прояв неповаги до суду. Охарактеризовано та розкрито особливості стадій провадження у справах про прояв неповаги до суду. Узагальнено зарубіжний досвід правового регулювання притягнення до відповідальності за прояв неповаги до суду та визначено можливості його використання в Україні. Окреслено перспективні напрями удосконалення притягнення особи до адміністративної відповідальності за прояви неповаги до суду в Україні.Диссертация посвящена исследованию содержания и особенностей административной ответственности за проявление неуважения к суду в Украине. Изучен генезис института административной ответственности за проявление неуважения к суду. Охарактеризованы нормативно-правовые основы административной ответственности за проявление неуважения к суду. Доказана необходимость признания вредных последствий квалифицирующими признаками административного правонарушения, предусмотренного статьей 185-3 КУоАП. Предложено разработать единые нормы должного поведения участников судебного процесса и присутствующих во время судебного заседания, а также закрепить их в специальном нормативном акте. Раскрыт юридический состав административного правонарушения, предусмотренного статьей 185-3 КУоАП. Выявлены общие принципы производства по делам о проявлении неуважения к суду. Определены процессуальный статус участников производства по делам о проявлении неуважения к суду. Охарактеризованы и раскрыты особенности стадий производства по делам о проявлении неуважения к суду. Обобщен зарубежный опыт правового регулирования привлечения к ответственности за проявление неуважения к суду и определены возможности его использования в Украине. Определены перспективные направления совершенствования привлечения лица к административной ответственности за проявления неуважения к суду в Украине.
The dissertation is focused on studying the content and specific features of administrative liability for direct contempt in Ukraine. Due to the retrospective analysis of the development of administrative and legal liability for direct contempt the author has defined the stages of development of the administrative liability institution for direct contempt. Based on the conducted analysis of the scientific literature, the author has offered the definition of the concept of “proceedings in cases on administrative offenses”. It has been found out that administrative liability for offenses in cases of direct contempt, taking into account the subject matter of legal regulation, is attributed to such offenses that encroach on the established management procedure. It has been established that the proceedings in the case of direct contempt have their own characteristics related to the sectoral specifics of the trial, as well as the possibility of issuing a decision to impose an administrative penalty without drawing up minutes in case of admission of guilt, while the formation and execution of materials on an administrative offense in cases on direct contempt is carried out according to general rules defined by regulatory legal acts and the Code of Ukraine on Administrative Offenses taking into account the above characteristics. The author has substantiated the concept of “normative basis of administrative liability for direct contempt” and its differences from the concept of “normative ground for administrative liability for direct contempt”. It has been found out that the normative basis of administrative liability for direct contempt determines the introduction of corpus delicti of an administrative offense into the system of legal norms, which consists in the manifestation of direct contempt, determines the basic characteristics of the normative structure of this administrative offense (object, objective aspect, subject, subjective aspect). The corpus delicti of an administrative offense under the Art. 185-3 of the Code of Ukraine on Administrative Offenses has been considered as a legal construction that combines subjective and objective features that collectively indicate the illegality of the action. It has been noted that the subjects of administrative offenses for direct contempt can be divided into general and special ones. It has been emphasized that an expert as a special subject of an administrative offense under the Art. 185-3 of the Code of Ukraine on Administrative Offenses is liable solely for the contempt of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine. Based on the conducted analysis of the scientific literature, the author has suggested definition of the concept of “proceedings in cases on administrative offenses”. It has been established that the proceedings in the case for direct contempt have their own characteristics related to the sectoral specifics of the trial, as well as the possibility of issuing a decision to impose an administrative penalty without drawing up minutes in case of admitting the guilt by a person. It has offered to develop uniform norms of proper conduct for the participants of the trial and those present at the court hearing and to enshrine them in a special normative act entitled “Rules of conduct during court hearings and the trial”, which would cover all types of proceedings. It has been offered to amend the current legislation in order to differentiate and specify administrative liability for direct contempt. It has been clarified that the main stages of proceedings in cases on administrative offenses for direct contempt are: initiation of proceedings in the case on direct contempt, court proceedings, ruling, appeal against the decision in the case on direct contempt. It has been established that during the initiation of proceedings in cases on direct contempt, the judge while hearing the case performs functions of prosecution that are not peculiar to him. In this regard, the author has offered to amend the norms of procedural law, in particular on the need in these cases to transfer the case on direct contempt to a judge who is not a member of the court hearing the case in order to ensure the principle of impartiality. The author has carried out the analysis of the experience of legal liability for direct contempt or established court rules in the United States, Canada, France, Australia, Belgium, Poland, Great Britain, New Zealand, Ireland, India. That allowed us to form the ways of improving the current legislation of Ukraine. The author has singled out seven perspective areas for improving administrative liability for direct contempt, which include: consolidating the regulation of the procedure for bringing a person to administrative liability for direct contempt at the legislative level; ensuring the realization of the right to professional legal assistance; ensuring a fair and impartial trial by bringing another person to justice for insulting a judge by another judge; determining both the court room and the adjacent territory as the place of direct contempt; attributing publications, statements and interviews in the case before the court’s decision to the manifestations of direct contempt; preventing the return of materials on administrative offenses.
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Danbury, Richard M. "The 'full liberty of public writers' : special treatment of journalism in English law." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:5299bf69-f793-4280-9525-9f3cc6f50ccc.
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This thesis investigates whether institutional journalism should receive special treatment at the hands of the law. Special treatment encompasses the affording of benefits to and the imposition of liabilities on journalistic institutions and the individuals who work for them. The arguments against special treatment are pragmatic and theoretical: pragmatic arguments emphasise, inter alia, the difficulty of providing a definition of journalism, and theoretical arguments emphasise the difficulty in explaining why special treatment can be coherent. The former can be addressed by describing how special treatment is already afforded to institutional journalism, both liabilities and benefits, to individuals and institutions, and showing that some of the problems foreseen by the pragmatic arguments have not proved as difficult as they appear. The arguments that special treatment is incoherent can be addressed by arguing that the credibility and assessability of institutional journalism still provide a prima facie rationale for special treatment irrespective of the rise of public speech on the Internet, when combined with the integral nature of journalism to democracy. Two basic arguments are advanced why this is so. The first, the free speech values argument, is a consequentialist account that holds that special treatment is appropriate when (or because) institutional journalism contributes to free speech values. It is attractive, but presents difficulties, both when considered in the abstract and when applied to the free speech value of democracy. The second, a rights-based argument, based on the notion that freedoms of speech and of the Press are distinguishable, can be based on either on Dworkin’s theory of rights as trumps or Raz’s theory of rights as interests. Raz’s account is preferable, as it complements the free speech values thesis in explaining the coherence of special treatment.
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Burgess, Amanda Jane. "Intervenors before the Supreme Court of Canada, 1997-1999, a content analysis." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ62193.pdf.
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Wahlberg, Jenny. "Rebel courts : the legality of courts established by non-state actors in the context of NIAC." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Juridiska institutionen, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-150089.
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Zorland, Jennifer Lee. "The Association between Social Context and Phase of Recovery among Drug Court Clients: A Gender Comparison." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2008. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/psych_theses/48.
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The association between drug court clients’ pro-drug and pro-recovery social context at multiple ecological levels, and phase of recovery was assessed, and gender comparisons were evaluated. Drug courts provide alternatives to incarceration for substance abusing offenders, providing treatment within clients’ social environments. The findings indicated that social context is associated with recovery, and that this relation differs by gender. Specifically, increased favorable attitudes toward drug use among social referents were associated with men being in an earlier phase of recovery and women being in a later phase of recovery. Furthermore, perceived encouragement to use drugs was associated with being in earlier phases of recovery, while positive outcome beliefs related to recovery were associated with being in later phases of recovery. Therefore, drug courts may lead to positive long-term outcomes, as social context can be addressed during the recovery process. Additionally, these courts might benefit from incorporating gender-specific components into treatment.
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Zorland, Jennifer L. "The association between social context and phase of recovery among drug court clients a gender comparison /." unrestricted, 2008. http://etd.gsu.edu/theses/available/etd-05272008-141600/.
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Thesis (M.A.)--Georgia State University, 2008.Title from file title page. James Emshoff, committee chair; Gabriel Kuperminc, Marci Culley, committee members. Electronic text (79 p.) : digital, PDF file. Description based on contents viewed June 9, 2008. Includes bibliographical references (p. 45-68).
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Shaw, Katherine. "Anchoring a subsidiarity and proportionality review by the Court of Justice of the European Union in the context of residency rights and shared competence : a legal, doctrinal and critical analysis." Thesis, Brunel University, 2015. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/11629.
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The thesis adopts a doctrinal approach to consider how a subsidiarity and proportionality review by the CJEU could be applied to shared competences, and the criteria that the CJEU should take into account in balancing competing interests when determining the residency rights of EU citizens. It will identify limits to the competences of the EU through subsidiarity analysis, including how this should constrain the reasoning of the CJEU, but this has a consequence of better legitimising such genuinely European standards that do have a clear legal basis. Adhering to the rule of law is an important issue for the CJEU to demonstrate its respect for as a core value commonly associated with democracy and with the validity of law itself. A subsidiarity review undertaken by the CJEU involving the CJEU checking whether the Union has competence to act (conferral) and in cases concerning areas of shared competence would also serve to legitimise the CJEU’s ruling to the Member States and address the problem of ultra vires EU action lacking legitimacy in the perspective of the Member States eyes. Adopting a normative approach it considers how a subsidiarity and proportionality review could be anchored in EU law to address competence issues when the CJEU is striking a balance between fundamental principles of EU law, the Charter of Fundamental Rights and the residency rights of migrant EU citizens who are economically inactive. As subsidiarity in these types of cases relates to the cross border requirement, the CJEU should be explicit about departing from the purely internal rule as well as explaining the substance of rights of EU citizens. The proportionality element of the review relates to the actual consideration and weighing up by the CJEU of the competing interests identified in this context. This requires the CJEU to identify explicitly in its reasoning any competing interests that have been weighed up as well as stating any other particular factors involved in the balancing and the weight accorded to those factors. Although such an approach would not necessarily result in a change in the outcome of the case, it would help to improve the quality of the reasoning of the CJEU and consequently enhance the legitimacy of the CJEU’s ruling.
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Brown, S. "Social information and its 'usefulness' in the juvenile court : An analysis of magistrates' accounts in organizational context." Thesis, Teesside University, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.235250.
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Studies of social information use have generally adopted an objectivist definition of 'information', treating it as an entity which resides in documents such as social enquiry reports and whose effect can then be measured as the corr7latio~ of inpu~ (information) with output (decision). Cons~derat1on of mag1strates' perceptions has been partial and problematic. The present study seeks to effect two major, interrelated, shifts in the study of social information use. Firstly, utilising the sociologies of knowledge and science, information is redefined as a product of the active creation of knowledge representations from data by decision makers. The creation of representations is seen to occur according to conventions of interpretation, generated as decision-makers seek to render their everyday activities coherent and meaningful, and acting as a cultural resource to assist in the accomplishment of future practices. However, information-creation is never neutral. In relating to practices it embraces the character of social relations and the assymetries of power inhering in these. A 'knowledge/power' analysis is adopted which enables 'information' to be viewed in relation to the micro-processes of organizational arenas and to social relations across time and space. Secondly,this forms the context for an empirical study of the generation and deployment of social information-as-representations in the juvenile court. Magistrates were interviewed and observation undertaken in six juvenile courts. The focus is on the decoding of social data by magistrates, both from social enquiry reports and other sources (solicitors, parents, defendants themselves). In decoding social data magistrates utilise conventions of interpretation which are dominated by a search for disciplinary control indicators. Reports are seen as malleable resources whose use is determined more by the decoding context into which they are sent than by their intrinsic properties. Control indicators are manufactured from social data to render the business of tariff sentencing possible and meaningful; the deployment of social information is a fulcrum of the classification of offenders along the 'slippery slope' of bifurcatory sentencing. Magistrates' accounts are thus situated in relation to the practices of the court and interorganizational boundaries, and ultimately are related to 'long distance' control. The 'social enquiry' is found to be, not a narrowly mundane matter of providing 'information for the court', nor solely a locally exerted power, but a far reaching technique of power which must be situated in relation to concepts of the 'tutelary complex' and the 'carceral continuum'.
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Ngari, Allan Rutambo. "State cooperation within the context of the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court : a critical reflection." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/80212.
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Thesis (LLM)--Stellenbosch University, 2013.Bibliography
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This thesis is a reflection of the provisions of the Rome Statute in relation to the most fundamental condition for the effective functioning of the Court – the cooperation of states. It broadly examines the challenges experienced by the Court with respect to application of Part IX such as whether non-State Parties to the Rome Statute can, notwithstanding their right not to be party, be compelled to cooperate with the Court owing to the customary international law obligation for all States to repress, find and punish persons alleged to have committed the crimes within the jurisdiction of the Court (war crimes, crimes against humanity, and genocide). This is particularly challenging where such persons are nationals of non-States Parties. The various meanings of international cooperation in criminal matters is discussed with reference to and distinguished from the cooperation regime of the International Criminal Tribunals for Rwanda and the former Yugoslavia. For States Parties to the Rome Statute, the thesis evaluates the measure of their inability or unwillingness to genuinely prosecute persons alleged to have committed crimes within the jurisdiction of the Court within the context of the principle of complementarity. It seeks to address, where such inability or unwillingness has been determined by the Court, how effective the cooperation between the States Parties and the Court could best serve the interests of justice. The thesis answers the question on what extent the principle of complementarity influences the cooperation of States with the Court, whether or not these States are party to the Rome Statute. The concept of positive complementarity that establishes a measure of cooperation between the Court and the national criminal jurisdictions is further explored in the context of the Court’s capacity to strengthen local ownership of the enforcement of international criminal justice. A nuanced discussion on the practice of the Court with respect to the right of persons before the Court is developed. The rights of an accused in different phases of Court proceedings and the rights of victims and affected communities of crimes within the Court’s jurisdiction are considered at length and in the light of recently-established principles regulating the Court’s treatment of these individuals. These persons are key interlocutors in the international criminal justice system and have shifted the traditional focus of international law predominantly from states to individuals and bring about a different kind of relationship between States as a collective and their treatment of these individuals arising from obligations to the Rome Statute. Finally the thesis interrogates the enforcement mechanisms under the Rome Statute. Unlike States, the Court does not have an enforcement entity such as a Police Force that would arrest persons accused of committing crimes within its jurisdiction, conduct searches and seizures or compel witnesses to appear before the Court. Yet, the Court must critically assess its practice of enforcing sentences that it imposes on convicted persons and in its contribution to restorative justice, the enforcement of reparations orders in collaboration with other Rome Statute entities such as the Trust Fund for Victims.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie tesis is 'n weerspieëling van die bepalings van die Statuut van Rome in verhouding tot die mees fundamentele voorwaarde vir die effektiewe funksionering van die Hof - die samewerking van State. Dit ondersoek breedweg die uitdagings wat deur die Hof ervaar word met betrekking tot die toepassing van Deel IX soos byvoorbeeld of State wat nie partye is tot die Statuut van Rome, nieteenstaande hul reg om nie deel te wees nie, verplig kan word om saam te werk met die Hof weens die internasionale gewoontereg verpligting om alle persone wat na bewering misdade gepleeg het binne die jurisdiksie van die Hof (oorlogsmisdade, misdade teen die mensdom en volksmoord) te verhinder, vind en straf. Dit is veral uitdagend waar sodanige persone burgers is van State wat nie partye is nie. Die verskillende betekenisse van die internasionale samewerking in kriminele sake word bespreek met verwysing na, en onderskei van, die samewerkende stelsel van die Internasionale Kriminele Tribunale vir Rwanda en die voormalige Joego-Slawië. Vir State wat partye is tot die Statuut van Rome, evalueer die tesis - in die konteks van die beginsel van komplementariteit - die mate van hul onvermoë, of ongewilligheid om werklik persone te vervolg wat na bewering misdade gepleeg het binne die jurisdiksie van die Hof. Dit poog om aan te spreek, waar so 'n onvermoë of ongewilligheid bepaal is deur die Hof, hoe effektiewe samewerking tussen State wat partye is en die Hof, die belange van geregtigheid die beste kan dien. Die tesis beantwoord die vraag op watter mate die beginsel van komplementariteit die samewerking van die State met die Hof beïnvloed, ongeag of hierdie State partye is tot die Statuut van Rome. Die konsep van positiewe komplementariteit wat samewerking vestig tussen die Hof en die nasionale jurisdiksies aangaande kriminele sake word verder ondersoek in die konteks van die Hof se vermoë om plaaslike eienaarskap in die handhawing van die internasionale kriminele regstelsel te versterk. 'n Genuanseerde bespreking op die praktyk van die Hof met betrekking tot die reg van persone voor die Hof word ontwikkel. Die regte van 'n beskuldigde in die verskillende fases van die hof verrigtinge en die regte van slagoffers en geaffekteerde gemeenskappe van misdade binne die hof se jurisdiksie word in diepte bespreek in die lig van die onlangs gevestigde beginsels wat die Hof se behandeling van hierdie individue reguleer. Hierdie persone is sleutel gespreksgenote in die internasionale kriminele regstelsel en het die tradisionele fokus verskuif van die internasionale reg van State na individue, en bring oor 'n ander soort verhouding tussen State as 'n kollektiewe en hulle behandeling van hierdie individue as gevolg van hul verpligtinge aan die Statuut van Rome. Ten slotte bevraagteken die tesis die handhawings meganismes onder die Statuut van Rome. In teenstelling met State, het die Hof nie 'n handhawing entiteit soos 'n Polisiemag wat persone kon arresteer wat beskuldig word van misdade binne sy jurisdiksie, deursoek en beslagleggings uitvoer of persone dwing om as getuies te verskyn voor die Hof nie. Tog, moet die Hof sy praktyk van uitvoering van vonnisse wat dit oplê op veroordeelde persone en in sy bydrae tot herstellende geregtigheid die handhawing van herstelling in samewerking met ander Statuut van Rome entiteite soos die Trust Fonds vir Slagoffers krities assesseer.
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Murchison, Melanie Janelle. "Making numbers count : an empirical analysis of 'judicial activism' in a Canadian context." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2016. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.709679.
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This thesis empirically examines the decisions of the Justices on the Supreme Court of Canada after the enactment of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, and before and after the events of September 2001 to determine if levels of judicial activism on the Court has changed.
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Liwski, Mateusz, Матеуш Ливски, and Матеуш Лівски. "Economic procedural law: a comparison of the experience of Ukraine and Poland in the context of court proceedings." Thesis, National Aviation University, 2021. https://er.nau.edu.ua/handle/NAU/48743.
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The development of Ukraine as a democratic socially oriented state, the
reform of the market economy necessitates the introduction of new socioeconomic mechanisms for regulating and protecting the economic sphere. The
problem of development economic procedure law is quite relevant at this stage
of development of the country, because the legislation in the field of economic
sphere is characterized by the presence of contradictions, imperfections of the
law, as well as difficulties in resolving disputes over economic and business.Розвиток України як демократичної соціально орієнтованої держави, реформа ринкової економіки зумовлює необхідність запровадження нових соціально-економічних механізмів регулювання та захисту економічної сфери. Проблема розвитку економічного процесуального права є досить актуальною на цьому етапі розвитку країни, оскільки законодавство у галузі економіки сфера характеризується наявністю суперечностей, недосконалості законодавство, а також труднощі у вирішенні суперечок щодо економіки та бізнесу
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Genis, Marina. "A content analysis of forensic psychological reports written for sentencing proceedings in criminal court cases in South Africa." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/23628.
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Since the 1970s there has been a rising trend in South Africa for legal professionals to use the services of psychologists in legal proceedings. Psychologists have therefore increasingly started to appear as expert witnesses in court cases. Despite this, the field of forensic psychology in South Africa has yet to be defined and delineated. Currently there are no set guidelines or regulations regarding who is qualified to do forensic work, and no standards against which this work can be measured. Psychology in the courtroom has begun to receive a notorious reputation as a result of this. The Professional Board for Psychology (PBP) of the Health Professions Council of South Africa (HPCSA) is investigating the creation of a new category of registration, that of Forensic Psychologist, partly in an effort to manage and address this problem. However, to date little, if any, research has been conducted on the scope of the work presented to the courts by psychologists appearing as expert witnesses. This research aimed to address this gap by analysing a sample of forensic psychological reports. The following aspects were investigated: - Who (category or registration, length of registration, etc.) is doing sentencing reports;
- How (interviews, collateral information, psychometric tests, etc.) these reports are compiled; and
- Whether these reports measure up to professional expectations as well as adhere to the guidelines of the HPCSA.
- That psychologists who are adequately trained and have the proven experience in forensic work, be accredited by the PBP;
- That guidelines and standards for forensic work be drawn up by the PBP; in addition, that more complete ethical guidelines than those contained in chapter 7 of the PBP’s Rules of Conduct Pertaining Specifically to Psychology also be drawn up;
- That adequate training at MA level in basic forensic issues be made compulsory, with the option of advanced training for those wishing to specialise in the field; and
- That lawyers be trained in basic concepts of psychology so as to allow for better selection of an appropriate psychologist to assist them and also to assure effective cross-examination regarding psychological issues in court.
Dissertation (MA)--University of Pretoria, 2010.
Psychology
unrestricted
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Genis, Marina. "A content analysis of forensic psychological reports written for sentencing proceedings in criminal court cases in South Africa." Pretoria : [s.n.], 2009. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-03302010-141420.
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Westerhaus, Timothy Paul. "The Baroque Requiem Mass at the imperial Habsburg Court in Vienna: musical and historical context, rhetoric, and signification." Thesis, Boston University, 2013. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/11085.
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Thesis (D.M.A.)--Boston UniversityThis study of the Baroque Requiem Mass at the imperial Habsburg Court in Vienna explores the historical and musical context of six settings composed from 1621 to 1720. The Austrian Habsburg Emperors Ferdinand II, Ferdinand III, Leopold I, Joseph I, and Charles VI supported the imperial musical establishment, the Hofkapelle, due to a nearly consistent zeal for music and religion. The Hofkapelle expanded in size and incorporated an increasing variety of singers and instrumentalists throughout this period. This institution was musically influential throughout the Holy Roman Empire and magnified the prestige of each emperor through its prominent role at public performances. Hofkapelle liturgies incorporated unique practices, and they commemorated the deaths of emperors and other important members of the Habsburg family with concerted settings of the Requiem Mass. Composers of these Requiem Masses reflect the German and Italian constituency and musical style espoused by the Hofkapelle. Musical analyses identify common and unique characteristics among six compositions: Christoph Straus's Missa Pro defunctis, Giovanni Felice Sances's Missa Defunctorum à 12 and Requiem Ferdinand III à 20, Johann Heinrich Schmeltzer's Requiem aeternam dona eis Domine, Johann Kaspar Kerll's Missa Pro defunctis, and Johann Joseph Fux's Requiem à 5. The analyses address compositional context, performing forces, structure, motivic characteristics, text illustration, counterpoint, and text setting. The analyses also establish the influences of rhetoric and oratory upon these compositions. The study distinguishes between techniques of musical rhetoric, such as large-scale structures and Figurenlehre, and musical oratory, including elements of speech-like delivery. Correlations between compositional theory and the Hofkapelle repertoire are explored through primary sources of the seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries. These correlations focus on elements of musical rhetoric and oratory with treatises by Johannes Nucius, Athanasius Kircher, Christoph Bernhard, Tomàš Baltazar Janovka, Mauritius Johann Vogt, and Johann Mattheson. These primary sources lead to inquiries regarding the signification of Hofkapelle Requiem Masses. This investigation explores possible meaning conveyed at specific commemorations, beliefs regarding death and the Habsburgs, and perceptions about the relationship between the living and the deceased.
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Linnemann, Travis Wade. "Pygmalion in the courtroom : the impact of court-level racial threat on criminal justice decision making." Thesis, Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/187.
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Anderson, Jamilya. "Presentence detention in U.S. District Courts: the effects of race/ethnicity, gender, and social context." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/32702.
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Master of ArtsSociology, Anthropology, and Social Work
Mario V. Cano
Despite the substantial research conducted on racial and ethnic disparities in the criminal justice system, the majority of research focuses on final sentencing decisions. Less attention has been devoted to earlier stages in criminal processing, such as the presentence detention process. In fact, the analyses that did investigate presentence detention status mainly used state-level data, and there is only a handful of studies that have examined race/ethnicity and gender effects on detention and bail in the federal criminal justice system (e.g., Albonetti, 1989; Bak, 1998: Reitler, et. al., 2012; Spohn, 2009). Furthermore, recent analyses have uncovered that extralegal disparities in presentence detention outcomes, particularly racial and ethnic disparities, vary across court jurisdictions (e.g., Levin, 2008; Pinchevski & Steiner, 2013; Eisenstein & Jacob, 1977). Thus, the purpose of this study is to explore the effects of defendants’ race/ethnicity and gender, and social context, on defendants’ pretrial status. This study employs a multilevel modeling strategy and uses criminal sentencing data (N=130,120) from the U.S. Sentencing Commission (USSC) for fiscal years 2008 to 2010, across 89 U.S. District Courts, including supplemental data drawn from the U.S. Census Bureau and the Federal Judicial Center’s Federal Court Management Statistics. The initial findings indicate that Black and Hispanic defendants are less likely than Whites, and females are more likely than males, to be released on bail and rereleased on their own recognizance (ROR). Regarding the district level, ROR is less likely for defendants processed in districts with a higher crime rate and higher socioeconomic disadvantage. On the other hand, bail is more likely for defendants processed in districts with larger courts (more judges). In cross-level interactions increase in percent Black, increase in crime rate, and increase in socioeconomic disadvantage are positively associated with bail for Black defendants, while increase in percent Hispanic and court size are positively associated with bail for Hispanic defendants. Consistent with the courts as communities and focal concerns perspectives, this study found that the presentence process is influenced by local practices, norms, and concerns for organizational efficiency. These distinctive features of court jurisdictions interact with race/ethnicity and affect defendants' presentence status. Future research is needed to better assess the detention process with increased access to federal data. In addition, examination of intersectionality of race/ethnicity, gender and age at the presentence detention stage is required.
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Owor, Maureen. "Making international sentencing relevant in the domestic context : lessons from Uganda." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1983/3d520048-dba7-4393-ba22-664923c079c3.
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This thesis is about achieving local procedural legitimacy through fair, culturally relevant sentencing procedures. Its scope, is reconciling international due process guarantees and a traditional notion of rights, in sentencing procedures of the International Criminal Court. My interest in this topic arose from the 2003 Uganda Law Reform Commission study on sentencing legislation reforms. There, participants regarded clan courts as functional in rural areas, because they had more informal, conciliatory sentencing processes than the ‘alien’ national courts. I later became aware that incorporation of traditional restorative processes may also help solve problems of legitimacy at the international level, as manifested in the case of Joseph Kony, discussed in Chapter 1 of this thesis. I then investigate whether the international sentencing framework could accommodate features of traditional restorative process despite incongruent standards, and if so, how this could be achieved. I argue that procedural rights ought to underpin this reconciliation, harnessing aims of international criminal justice with traditional restorative justice. Through my translation model, I propose small structural changes to international sentencing practice, and doctrinal reforms based on precedent. Using critical legal analysis and a small empirical study, the thesis demonstrates how translation could achieve just, culturally apposite sentencing outcomes. The International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda and the Special Court for Sierra Leone provide insight into challenges to accommodating African normative standards. Nominal guidance from the African human rights mechanism and national courts, on an African notion of procedural fairness, further complicates this reconciliation. I conclude that we could translate laws across divergent legal systems, drawing from experiences of clan courts that assimilate legal structures and concepts from national courts. Major international instruments: Rome Statute 1998, United Nations International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights 1966 and the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights 1981, are evaluated against this model.
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de, Blieck Edgar. "The 'Cent nouvelles nouvelles' : text and context : literature and history at the court of Burgundy in the fifteenth century." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2004. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/40983/.
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The following study of history through literature uses a French text composed by and for the court of Burgundy in the mid fifteenth century: the Cent nouvelles nouvelles. It demonstrates that philological interpretation of the text has floundered when it has ignored the historical context in which the work was composed. Alongside this critique, the thesis comes to the positive conclusion that it is valuable to restore an appreciation of the benefits of historical scholarship to the discipline of philology. In the first chapter, the case is made for reclaiming the text as a historical document on the basis of its context. Recent studies, which have insisted that the historical context of the work is unimportant, are examined critically, to establish the need for a historical reappraisal of the text, beginning where the pioneer archiviste-palaeographe Pierre Champion left off. In the second chapter, we see that both the traditional and more recent assumptions about the text, its authorship, date, and place in the canon of western European literature have to be reassessed. Through close study of manuscript and printed text, the textual tradition is asserted, and the Cent nouvelles nouvelles is restored to its historical milieu. Antecedents and analogue texts are examined in the context of the moral vision of the work as one which is similar to the Decameron's, though it involves an unrecorded deliberative process, which allows it to be considered as more of an aesthetic unity than philologists have recognised. The question of the Nouvelles' relationship to the contemporary literary context is examined in detail, particularly through an analysis of the issues of fashions in literary style, and the interplay of courtly with popular culture. This section is partly based on archival work. The third chapter, which is heavily based on chronicles and unpublished archival material, moves from the world to the text, to consider the men who made the text, and for whom the text was made. The immediate political context in which the work was conceived is shown to have a bearing on its form, and the raconteurs are replaced in their courtly milieu. We see that they were the closest to the duke, serving him in his household, his political network, his armies, his ideological aspirations, and his diplomacy. The network of sociability which underpinned the text made the Cent nouvelles nouvelles what it is: a Burgundian work from a particular time and place. Lastly, this chapter considers the raconteurs' contributions to the collection as extensions of their personalities, and as extensions of their careers of service, giving two particular examples in detail. The fourth chapter moves from the text to the world using the literature to throw light on the circumstances under which it was created. A sequence of individual stories (Nouvelles 2, 19, 53, 60, 63, 78, 83) are examined in their historical context, and explained in terms of the meaning they had when they were first recounted. The raconteurs' historical backgrounds, established in the previous chapter, prove invaluable in unlocking the particular significance of motifs, plots and jokes in the stories. We also see that philological appraisals which lack historical awareness are unable to appreciate the texts on their own terms. Nouvelles which have a basis in historical fact are considered alongside those which form part of a longstanding textual tradition. Both sorts of texts are shown to have a Burgundian specificity - a historical accent. The fifth chapter argues, on the basis of what has preceded it, that the method of restoring literary texts to a historical milieu is universal, even though not all texts may be as susceptible to such detailed analysis which was brought to bear on the Cent nouvelles nouvelles. It is contended that the evidential value of literature as historical document is more specific than it is general. Moreover, it is vital to ascertain what the literary text is most informative about, as well as what its limitations are as historical evidence. We see how postmodern ideas have taken root in philological theory. Cutting against postmodern theories about textuality and evidence, which have insisted that the historical context of the work is not merely unimportani but that it is irrelevant and unascertainahle, the conclusion argues for a return to the practice of setting texts in context. Appendix 1 deals with the codicology of MS Hunter 252, and compares the Verard text. Appendix 2 presents transcriptions of Nouvelle 63 from the manuscript, and two early printed versions. Appendix 3 demonstrates Verard's reuse of the woodcuts with which he decorated the Cent nouvelles nouvelles and emphasises that the commercial nature of his business impacted on aesthetic concerns. Appendix 4 deals with the question of the raconteurs that are difficult to identify, particularly the lords of Beauvoir and Villiers, and Caron.
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Cadle, Jessica. "Transcending Transvestite: Analyzing the Language and Content of Ohio Courts and Newspapers Concerning Transgender Individuals." Ohio University Honors Tutorial College / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ouhonors1367237024.
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Kleps, Christopher. "Equal Law, Unequal Process:How Context and Judges Shape Equal Opportunity Decision-Making in the Courts." The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1503073597694633.
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Hamon, Mathieu. "Caractérisation des effets du réchauffement climatique sur l'océan superficiel au cours des 50 dernières années." Thesis, Brest, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BRES0095/document.
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Identifier et caractériser les effets du réchauffement climatique est un des grands enjeux scientifiques de ce début de siècle. Élévation du niveau des mers, bouleversements hydrologiques sont autant de conséquences de ce phénomène qui conditionnent l’existence de toutes les formes de vie présentes sur Terre. Dû à sa capacité thermique élevée, on estime que 84% de l’énergie développée par le réchauffement climatique est stockée dans les premières couches de l’océan. Il est cependant assez difficile d’évaluer son impact global au cours des 50 dernières années car l’océan ne se réchauffe pas de manière uniforme et l’échantillonnage in-homogène (spatial et temporel) des mesures océanographiques, des erreurs instrumentales (XBT) et des biais relatifs aux processus d’estimation des indicateurs globaux peuvent altérer notre appréciation de l’évolution des paramètres océaniques. Afin de pallier ces difficultés inhérentes à l’exploitation des mesures in situ, nous proposons dans cette thèse une correction empirique des données XBT basée sur l’analyse de profils colocalisés, caractérisée par une fonction parabolique sur l’immersion de la sonde et un terme d’offset thermique. À partir de la base de données corrigée, nous présentons ensuite une méthode originale de création de champs grillés grande échelle s’articulant autour de la reconstruction des modes propres de variabilité (DINEOF). Enfin, nous présentons les principaux résultats issus de ces reconstructions en termes de tendances globales et de variabilité du contenu thermique et contenu d’eau douce. Ces travaux contribuent ainsi à mieux documenter la variabilité océanique dans la couche 0-700mTo identify and characterize the effects of global warming is one of the major scientific challenges of this new century. The rise of sea level, the hydrological changes are some consequences of this phenomenon which will influence all forms of life on Earth. Due to its high thermal capacity, it is estimated that 84% of the energy developed by global warming is stored in the first layers of the ocean. However, it is rather difficult to assess its overall impact over the last 50 years because the ocean is not warming uniformly and the inhomogeneous sampling (spatial and temporal) of oceanographic observations, instrumental errors (XBT) and biases related to the estimation process of global indicators can affect our assessment of the evolution of ocean parameters. To overcome these difficulties of in situ measurements analysis, we propose here an empirical correction of XBT data based on the analysis of collocated profiles, characterized by a parabolic function of the immersion of the probe and a thermal offset. From the corrected database, we present a new method for creating large-scale gridded fields based on the reconstruction of the natural modes of variability (DINEOF). Finally, we present the main results from these reconstructions in terms of global trends and variability of heat content and freshwater content. This work contributes to better document the oceanic variability in the 0-700m layer
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Theisen, Ann-Catrin. "Proceedings brought in breach of an arbitration agreement in another member state : the conflict on the arbitration agreement between the English court and another member state court in the context of the Brussels I regulation." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.563096.
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This thesis examines the conceptual problems and practical issues that arise if a party commences proceedings under the Brussels I Regulation in another Member State in breach of an agreement that provides for arbitration in England. The focus is on the jurisdiction and powers of the English court when enforcing an arbitration agreement and the limits imposed by the Regulation's regime and underpinning principles regarding the relationship between Member State courts. Thus, the conflict between the English court and the foreign court is on the allocation of competence to decide upon the arbitration agreement's existence, validity and scope and on the jurisdiction of the court seised under the Regulation. The thesis examines this problem against the background of the legal framework that encompasses the international, national and EU level. In addition to this, this thesis is concerned with the role and competence of the arbitral tribunal for the decision on the arbitration agreement. Although the Regulation excludes 'arbitration' from its scope, the issue of the compatibility of the English courts' powers concerning foreign proceedings in breach of an arbitration agreement with the Regulation has recently seen significant development within the European Judicial Area. In particular the decision of the European Court of Justice in West Tankers that found the anti-suit injunction at variance with the Regulation has marked a turning point. This thesis undertakes a critical assessment of the court's reasoning in West Tankers and the repercussions for litigation and arbitration in England in its aftermath, in particular with regard to procedural and substantive alternatives to the anti-suit injunction. In its final part, the thesis addresses the envisaged reform of the Brussels I Regulation with regard to its interface with proceedings where the arbitration agreement is at issue. A critical assessment of the conflicting reform proposals against the background of the competing objectives of the Regulation's regime and international commercial arbitration is undertaken and an argument is made that the divergences in the choice of law rules on the arbitration agreement should be brought back into the spotlight and considered for a comprehensive solution.
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Ukmar, Victor. "Sentenced by the court of Social Media - A qualitative analysis of informal justice-related social media mechanisms within the #MeToo-movement." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-23160.
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This study examines how the #MeToo-movement was influenced by different forms of informal justice on the social media platform Twitter in 2017. Furthermore, online U.S. news media is analyzed in its contributory role during the movement. Thus, these two sites of analysis also highlight the interplay between social media and online news sources. Therefore, the research questions are: R.Q. 1: How were different forms of informal justice facilitated through networked activism on Twitter during the 2017 #MeToo-movement?R.Q. 2: In what ways did the reporting of online U.S. news media contribute to the mechanisms of informal justice on social media during the 2017 #MeToo-movement? Both questions are answered through two independent qualitative content analyses: The first critically evaluates 80 tweets from the social media platform Twitter that were published between October 15 - December 31, 2017, with the hashtag #MeToo; the second reviews 12 online articles from online U.S. news sources that reported about the online proliferation of the #MeToo-movement.While the results contained online shaming of celebrities and public figures, no distinctive forms of punishment or vigilantism could be identified within the samples. Furthermore, victims of abuse engaged in self-disclosure without exposing their abusers. Still, informal justice could be understood as a way to speak up against societal injustice by expressing a clear warning towards sexual perpetrators through digitally networked activism. At the same time, online news source merely reiterated social media developments without engaging in additional online shaming. However, these news sources also participated in #MeToo-related justice by spreading further awareness about the movement. Thus, a reciprocal relationship between social media and online U.S. news media became evident.
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Helstad, Amanda. "Application of Flow Cytometry for Slow Sand Filters." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för fysik, kemi och biologi, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-157760.
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This project investigated the bacteria in water entering and leaving the slow sand filters at Ringsjö Water Works using flow cytometry. The purpose was to explore the possibility of utilising flow cytometry as a monitoring method for optimising water production using slow sand filters. Data describing the bacterial community in water was collected over seven weeks and analysed with FlowJo, flow cytometric image comparison and Minitab. The total cell count, intact cell count and the percentage of high nucleic acid bacteria were analysed. These parameters were highly dependent on scraping events, water entering the filters and season. The results indicated that flow cytometry has great potential for use as a monitoring method, although more data should be collected to establish expected trends and secure baseline values for routine comparisons.Fördröjning av publikation fram till 31 december 2020.
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Costa, Henrique Araújo. "Os poderes do juiz na Inglaterra e no Brasil: estudo comparado sobre os case management powers." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2012. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/5809.
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Previous issue date: 2012-05-03This text proposes a comparative study of English and Brazilian civil procedure. The research approaches the judge powers, specifically the case management powers. Considering the issue s delimitation, new statutes and its practice are compared through the perspective of both countries. In conclusion, these judge powers have become similar due to the blending practices seen among different law families, as well as between different countries of the same family. However despite the convergence towards strengthening these powers the problems to be solved by these countries have distinct roots. In England the cost problem is the biggest one, while in Brazil the biggest problem is the delay. Moreover, despite their early convergence, the cultural roots of each system keep them somehow apart from one another. Thus it is not possible to state which would the best system (since they are unique) and the adoption of the English model by the Brazilian legislation should be done with caution (since the problems to be solved are different)
O presente trabalho é uma proposta de estudo comparado do direito processual civil inglês e do brasileiro. A tese é centrada no tema dos poderes do juiz, notadamente nos case management powers. Dentro do recorte proposto, são comparadas as normas e a prática judicial recentemente instituídas pelo direito de cada um dos mencionados países. Conclui-se que os poderes desses juízes tornaram-se bastante semelhantes em decorrência da assimilação mútua de práticas judiciais entre diferentes famílias do direito, bem como entre países distintos de mesma família. No entanto a despeito da convergência em torno do fortalecimento dos poderes do juiz os problemas a serem solucionados pelos referidos países têm raízes distintas. A Inglaterra tem como maior problema o custo, enquanto o Brasil tem como maior problema a demora. Ademais, a raiz cultural de cada sistema os mantém de alguma forma diferentes, apesar da aproximação recente. Por isso não é possível dizer qual dos sistemas seja melhor (já que são incomparáveis) e eventual importação do modelo inglês pela legislação brasileira precisaria ser feita com ressalvas (já que os problemas a serem solucionados são distintos)
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Babori, Abdelghani. "Etude didactique et conception d'une plate-forme d'enseignement à distance d'un contenu en algorithmique. Implications pour la conception d'un MOOC en ingénierie." Thesis, Lille 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIL3H056.
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Le travail que nous présentons dans cette thèse s’inscrit dans une problématique générale d’étude et de conception des MOOCs (Massive Open Online Courses). Elle s’intéresse plus particulièrement à l’étude didactique d’un MOOC d’algorithmique conçu au profit des étudiants de premier cycle de l’université d’Hassan Premier au Maroc. Ce travail se situe dans une approche compréhensive et vise plus précisément à comprendre le processus d’élaboration du contenu d’algorithmique véhiculé par le dispositif MOOC et la manière dont les étudiants le construisent au sein et en relation avec ce dispositif. En considérant le MOOC comme un dispositif didactique, deux approches didactique et épistémologique des activités d’apprentissage en algorithmique ont été articulées. La notion de performance didactique est mobilisée pour examiner les stratégies d’apprentissage adoptées par les étudiants. En recourant aux forums de discussion et en mobilisant un questionnaire et des entretiens semi-directifs, les discours des étudiants ont été analysés en vue de caractériser les contenus construits, les performances didactiques et les difficultés rencontrées. La caractérisation de la conception du MOOC met en évidence deux étapes : 1) l’identification des concepts incontournables en algorithmique : variable, instructions de base, conditions, boucles et leur organisation en unités d’apprentissage 2) la scénarisation pédagogique décrivant les tâches d’apprentissage des unités pédagogiques et leur organisation ; le cours est par ailleurs adapté à la massification des audiences notamment en diminuant la charge horaire des semaines du MOOC et en exigeant peu de prérequis.L’analyse des pratiques identifiées montre que les étudiants ont construit deux types de contenus, d’une part, des savoirs conceptuels (condition et boucle) et d’autre part des savoirs procéduraux (démarche de résolution d’un problème, exécution d’un algorithme) ; que les étudiants ont manifesté plus de performances didactiques cognitives et techniques que sociales pour construire le contenu. Plus particulièrement, la démarche de construction du contenu consiste 1) en des stratégies cognitives d’élaboration telle que la mise en lien du contenu avec les connaissances antérieures et d’organisation à savoir l’utilisation des organigrammes pour construire pas à pas le savoir algorithmique ; 2) en des stratégies techniques en termes de mobilisations des vidéos du MOOC. Les résultats montrent également que même si les étudiants se sont avérés particulièrement performants dans l’analyse des problèmes (détermination des objets d’entrées et sorties), certaines difficultés subsistent, tels que le passage de la phase d’analyse d’un problème à celle d’élaboration de l’algorithme.Ce travail de thèse a l’ambition de proposer aux concepteurs pédagogiques des MOOCs des principes utiles pour l’élaboration d’un contenu, d’une part, et ouvrir une voie de recherche en didactiques, sur les dispositifs MOOCs, qui tient compte de la spécificité des contenus véhiculésThe work presented in this thesis is part of a broader issue of study and design of MOOCs (Massive Open Online Courses). It focuses more particularly on the didactic study of an algorithmic MOOC designed for undergraduate students at Hassan First University (Morocco). This work is part of a comprehensive approach and aims more specifically to understand the process of developing algorithmic content conveyed by the MOOC and how learners construct basic knowledge essential to the course. Considering MOOC as a didactic device, two approaches : didactic and epistemological of algorithmic have been articulated. The notion of didactic performance is mobilized to examine the learning strategies adopted by students. By using discussion forums and mobilizing a questionnaire and semi-structured interviews, the discourses of students were analysed in order to characterize the constructed content, the didactic performance and the difficulties encountered by students.The characterization of the design of the MOOC highlights two steps : 1) identification of the essential concepts in algorithmics :variable, basic instructions, conditions, loops and their organization into learning units 2) development of a pedagogical scenario by describing the learning tasks of the pedagogical units and their organisation, and, on the other hand, that the course is also adapted to the massification of audiences, in particular by decreasing the hourly workload and demanding few prerequisites.The results show that students constructed two types of content: conceptual knowledge (condition, loop and procedural knowledge (analysis of a problem, decomposition of a problem, etc.). Students showed more interest in cognitive and technical didactic performances to build, step by step, content. More specifically, students constructed algorithmic content by making greater use of these learning strategies 1) elaboration strategies (linking the content with previous knowledge) and organization strategies such as the use of flowcharts 2) technical strategies in terms of mobilizing MOOC videos. The results also show that although students have been particularly successful in analysing problems (determination of input and output objects), some difficulties remain, such as passing from analysing problems to elaborating algorithms.These results can not only provide MOOC instructional designers with the necessary elements for content development, but also improve didactic research on MOOCs by providing researchers with elements for the study of MOOCs, taking into account the specificity of their content
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Peck, Jennifer. "The Influence of Community Context on Social Control: A Multi-Level Examination of the Relationship between Race/Ethnicity, Drug Offending, and Juvenile Court Outcomes." Scholar Commons, 2014. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/5099.
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Studies of the association between race/ethnicity and juvenile court outcomes have found that minority youth often receive disadvantaged outcomes compared to similarly situated Whites, and that community context may condition this relationship. Sampson and Laub's (1993) revised conflict perspective is one theoretical model that can potentially explain the social control of youth throughout juvenile justice proceedings. One of the main propositions of Sampson and Laub's (1993) perspective is that communities characterized by underclass poverty and racial inequality will impose greater social control on youth referred to the juvenile court, especially Blacks and youth charged with a drug offense because they are perceived as a threatening population to middle-class values and standards.
The current research drew upon Sampson and Laub's (1993) macrolevel theory of inequality and social control to examine the juvenile court outcomes of White, Black, and Hispanic youth from all counties in a Northeast state from 2000-2010. Hierarchical generalized linear modeling (HGLM) was employed to examine the relationship between disadvantaged community characteristics (underclass poverty, racial inequality, ethnic inequality) and juvenile court outcomes; especially if race/ethnicity, drug offending, and type of drug offense (possession versus distribution) tempered these relationships. The results indicate that disadvantaged community characteristics did not directly impact the social control of youth, but individual and joint effects of race/ethnicity and drug offending resulted in greater social control for Black and Hispanic youth of various drug offending combinations. In particular, the effect of race/ethnicity on social control was greater for Hispanic youth compared to Blacks. Depending on the stage examined, the relationship between race/ethnicity, drug offending, and juvenile court outcomes were conditioned by disadvantaged community characteristics.
Based on the findings, empirical and theoretical implications are provided that focus on the applicability of Sampson and Laub's (1993) perspective to more recent court outcomes, as well as prevention and intervention programs that focus on decreasing the presence of minority youth in the juvenile justice system. Directions for future research are highlighted to provide greater insights into the circumstances surrounding case outcomes and under what situations community context and race/ethnicity matter in the treatment of youth within the juvenile court.
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Tizeba, Hilda Charles. "The treatment of gender-issues and development in the Sierra Leonean transitional justice context." University of the Western Cape, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/6349.
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Magister Legum - LLM (Criminal Justice and Procedure)Transitional justice mechanisms have become commonplace as a tool for recovery for societies emerging from conflict and repressive regimes. The extent to which women's rights concerning development and long-term economic advancement in the arena of transitional justice is dealt with is almost negligible. The significance of including development as a means of protecting marginalised groups such as women has been mostly disregarded in the transitional justice context. Currently, the discourse on gender justice has placed civil and political rights as well as sexual crimes against women at the centre stage. Transitional justice mechanisms have failed to give effect to long-term sustainable and substantive change in women's lives following conflict and periods of repressive rule. The core aims of transitional justice are prosecution of offenders, reconciliation and reparations for the victims of gross human rights abuses. Reparations are usually used as a medium through which restitution and compensation for the harm suffered by victims are made possible. Reparations are also deemed as an essential element for the healing and recovery of the individual victim and the society affected by egregious human rights violations.
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Dewar, Michael. "Global convergence of tax judgments and principles between South African courts and foreign courts: Assessing evidence of convergence in South African case law and its desirability in a South African context." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/29571.
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This paper seeks to assess the presence of convergence of domestic and foreign tax judgments and principles in South African courtrooms. Besides the practical fact of assessing the general view of South Africa courts to the application of foreign cases and principles, it also explores whether convergence is beneficial to South African in a variety of contexts. The case law review concludes that while South Africa courts are bound only to take foreign cases as persuasive and not as binding, they appear to assign such cases similar weight to domestic cases, refuting them primarily on the facts of the matter as they would any other domestic citation and not dismissing them purely due to their foreign nature. With the evidence clearly favouring the existence of convergence, the paper goes on to assess whether this convergence is a benefit to South Africa, first in the example of the specific case law reviewed and then in the larger context of South Africa as a country. The cases largely show benefits from the inclusion of foreign cases, with the only caution that the court must be sensitive to the context of a foreign case, particularly when dealing with principles of language or business which may be culturally-specific. In the larger context, the paper cites writers from American, European and South African sources. The conclusion from these varying arguments is that convergence is primarily a positive force to a country of South Africa’s relative size, position and economic power. The greatest risk the country faces would be to be forced in a form of convergence which is detrimental to its needs by other more powerful countries – however, historic evidence of how convergence in the European Union has led to clusters of countries with similar principles (and with free movement between these groups) suggests that it is far from likely that convergence will become such an autocratic influence.
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Ruane, Blathna. "An assessment of the independence of the Irish Supreme Court in the context of constitutional law with particular reference to the system of judicial appointments." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.318446.
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Woodward-Reed, Hannah Elizabeth. "The context and material techniques of royal portrait production within Jacobean Scotland : the Courts of James V and James VI." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2018. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/30910/.
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This inter-disciplinary thesis addresses the authenticity and social context of surviving portraits of Scottish monarchs between 1530 and c.1590, bringing the study of the Scottish portraits closer to the standard undertaken upon surviving English works. This research focuses upon key questions to begin to reveal the nature of commission and execution of sixteenth-century portraits in Scotland, focusing upon a pair of double portraits from Blair Castle, Pitlochery, Perthshire. The two paintings will form the key case-studies for this research, and the central question to the thesis is whether they are authentic, sixteenth-century Scottish-made images. The thesis will address questions such as: How do they fit into the contemporaneous culture of court portraiture production in Northern Europe and across the border in England? Does the physical evidence support the notion of Netherlandish influence? Surviving documentary evidence of the painterly aspects of the courts of King James V and his grandson King James VI is presented, and the results of interdisciplinary technical analysis used to explore whether the materials and techniques of the Blair portraits and their surviving counterparts demonstrate enough Netherlandish influence to present the existence of a Scoto-Netherlandish school of painting. The National Portrait Gallery’s research project Making Art in Tudor Britain (2007-2014) 2010 conference Tudor and Jacobean Painting: Production, Influences and Patronage raised the issue of the need for a parallel project for Scotland, tracing the highly-developed use of portraiture by the later Stewart dynasty to its fifteenth-century Scottish beginnings. This thesis argues that far from being culturally backwards in terms of portraiture, the Scottish court employed fashionable Netherlandish techniques from an early date, with a strong understanding of the impact of the arts dating from the earliest Stewarts. Most importantly, this research is the first to undertake a full technical examination of the Blair Castle portraits, placing these works within a comprehensive material context. Such examination of the visual arts commissioned at this time can only further our understanding of the wider context of production in Scotland at this time. Additionally, understanding the nature of the commission of royal portraits by those in noble families makes clearer the use of the visual arts to enhance careers and reputation, as well as social identity. In focusing the discussion purely upon Scottish portraits in native collections, this research unites works which have not been comprehensively studied as a whole. The study of the sixteenth-century Scottish court has advanced considerably in recent years, but without an in-depth examination of the artworks produced as visual representation of these courts, a complete understanding cannot be achieved. This thesis demonstrates that much of the production of royal portraits was based upon the copying of copies. It is thus not the aesthetic quality which should be the focus, but the circumstances of their existence and material composition which is most revealing about the place Scotland holds within the study of early modern European art.
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L'huillier, Amaury. "Modéliser la diversité au cours du temps pour comprendre le contexte de l'utilisateur dans les systèmes de recommandation." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LORR0182/document.
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Les systèmes de recommandation se sont imposés comme étant des outils indispensables face à une quantité de données qui ne cesse chaque jour de croître depuis l'avènement d'Internet. Leur objectif est de proposer aux utilisateurs des items susceptibles de les intéresser sans que ces derniers n'aient besoin d'agir pour les obtenir. Après s'être majoritairement focalisés sur la précision de la prédiction d'intérêt, ces systèmes ont évolué pour prendre en compte d'autres critères dans leur processus de recommandation, tels que les facteurs humains inhérents à la prise de décision, afin d'améliorer la qualité et l'utilité des recommandations. Cependant, la prise en compte de certains facteurs humains tels que la diversité et le contexte demeure critiquable. Alors que le contexte des utilisateurs est inféré sur la base d'informations collectées à l'insu de leur vie privée, la prise en compte de la diversité est quant à elle réduite à une dimension qu'un système se doit de maximiser. Or, certains travaux récents démontrent que la diversité correspond à un besoin évoluant dynamiquement au cours du temps, et dont la proportion à insuffler dans les recommandations est dépendante de la tâche effectuée (i.e du contexte). Partant du postulat inverse selon lequel l'analyse de l'évolution de la diversité au cours du temps permet de définir le contexte de l'utilisateur, nous proposons dans ce manuscrit une nouvelle approche de modélisation contextuelle basée sur la diversité. En effet, nous soutenons qu'une variation de diversité remarquable peut être la conséquence d'un changement de contexte et qu'il faut alors adapter la stratégie de recommandation en conséquence. Nous présentons la première approche de la littérature permettant de modéliser en temps réel l'évolution de la diversité, ainsi qu'une nouvelle famille de contextes dits implicites n'exploitant aucune donnée sensible. La possibilité de remplacer les contextes traditionnels (explicites) par les contextes implicites est confirmée de plusieurs manières. Premièrement, nous démontrons sur deux corpus issus d'applications réelles qu'il existe un fort recouvrement entre les changements de contextes explicites et les changements de contextes implicites. Deuxièmement, une étude utilisateur impliquant de nombreux participants nous permet de démontrer l'existence de liens entre les contextes explicites et les caractéristiques des items consultés dans ces derniers. Fort de ces constats et du potentiel offert par nos modèles, nous présentons également plusieurs approches de recommandation et de prise en compte des besoins des utilisateursRecommender Systems (RS) have become essential tools to deal with an endless increasing amount of data available on the Internet. Their goal is to provide items that may interest users before they have to find them by themselves. After being exclusively focused on the precision of users' interests prediction task, RS had to evolve by taking into account other criteria like human factors involved in the decision-making process while computing recommendations, so as to improve their quality and usefulness of recommendations. Nevertheless, the way some human factors, such as context and diversity needs, are managed remains open to criticism. While context-aware recommendations relies on exploiting data that are collected without any consideration for users' privacy, diversity has been coming down to a dimension which has to be maximized. However recent studies demonstrate that diversity corresponds to a need which evolves dynamically over time. In addition, the optimal amount of diversity to provide in the recommendations depends on the on-going task of users (i.e their contexts). Thereby, we argue that analyzing the evolution of diversity over time would be a promising way to define a user's context, under the condition that context is now defined by item attributes. Indeed, we support the idea that a sudden variation of diversity can reflect a change of user's context which requires to adapt the recommendation strategy. We present in this manuscript the first approach to model the evolution of diversity over time and a new kind of context, called ``implicit contexts'', that are respectful of privacy (in opposition to explicit contexts). We confirm the benefits of implicit contexts compared to explicit contexts from several points of view. As a first step, using two large music streaming datasets we demonstrate that explicit and implicit context changes are highly correlated. As a second step, a user study involving many participants allowed us to demonstrate the links between the explicit contexts and the characteristics of the items consulted in the meantime. Based on these observations and the advantages offered by our models, we also present several approaches to provide privacy-preserving context-aware recommendations and to take into account user's needs
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Medeiros, Breno Wilson Leite. "As \'ondas\' do discurso: um estudo crítico da representação da Ordem Social pelo Supremo Tribunal Federal." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8142/tde-15032016-152751/.
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A presente dissertação tem por objetivo geral amparar filosoficamente a Análise Crítica do Discurso de linha sociocognitiva proposta por van Dijk. Neste contexto, busca-se identificar a articulação do lógos através de metáforas geométricas do discurso, presentes na Teoria Multidisciplinar da Ideologia e na Teoria do Contexto desse autor, com a tradição filosófica da linguagem representada pela metáfora das ondas do discurso, presentes na obra a Vertente Grega da Gramática Tradicional, de Maria Helena de Moura Neves, e nas reflexões do Círculo de Bakhtin. Os objetivos específicos são a depreensão da representação da Ordem Social brasileira pelo Supremo Tribunal Federal e do éthos do STF através da análise do discurso de notícias publicadas por este ator social a respeito da ADPF 54. Entre os achados mais significativos, identificamos a articulação feita por van Dijk do triângulo para a instância social do discurso, o quadrado como a referência da instância do texto, e um movimento em círculos concêntricos para referir-se ao objeto do discurso. O STF refere-se ao movimento social como correntes e projetou um éthos conciliador no sentido de permitir que correntes contrarias entre si pudessem propagar as ondas do seu discurso dentro e fora do Supremo.The present dissertation has the primary goal to philosophically support the socio-cognitive line of the Critical Discourse Analysis proposed by van Dijk. In this context, we seek to identify the lógos articulation through the discourses geometric metaphors, introduced on The Multidisciplinary approach of Ideology and Theory of Context by this author, and the philosophic tradition of language represented by the waves of discourse metaphor presented on the work Vertente Grega da Gramática Tradicional by Maria Helena de Moura Neves and theBakhtin Circles thoughts. The specific goals are to apprehend the Brazilian Social Order representation by its Federal Supreme Court (STF, from the portuguese) and the STFs éthos through the discourse analysis of news published by this social actor with respect to ADPF 54 process. Among the most significant findings, we identified the articulation done by van Dijk of the triangle by the social discourse instance, the square as the reference of the text instance, and a movement in concentric circles to refer to the object of discourse. The STF refers to the social movement as chains and projected a conciliatory éthos in the sense of allowing that chains opposed to each other could propagate their waves of discourse inside and outside the Brazilian Supreme Court.
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Johnston, Sara Pfister. "Unequal treatment or uneven consequence: a content analysis of Americans with Disabilities Act Title I disparate impact cases from 1992 - 2012." Thesis, The University of Iowa, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3595112.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this research was to examine the patterns and themes of litigation in Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) disability discrimination cases charged under the theory of disparate impact. Specifically, this study used Computer Assisted Legal Research (CALR) to identify and review all U.S. Appellate Court ADA disparate impact cases as reported by Westlaw, a commercial electronic case law reporting system owned by Thomson Reuters.
This study used a two-step, mixed methods approach to analyze the data relevant to the research questions and sub-questions. First, the researcher employed content analysis (Hall & Wright, 2008) to identify and characterize patterns and trends of litigation in all reported U.S. Appellate Court ADA cases charged under the theory of disparate impact from 1992 through 2012. Cases were analyzed chronologically, and variables included number of published and unpublished cases, distribution of jurisdiction, distribution of ADA titles, EEOC involvement, case fact patterns, and characteristics of charging and opposing parties. Frequency analyses were conducted on these data. Second, the researcher identified a subset of the ADA disparate impact cases analyzed in the first step: Title I, or employment discrimination cases. Qualitative analysis employing the constant comparative method (Strauss & Corbin, 1990) was used to identify and characterize patterns and themes of the judicial opinions in the Title I disparate impact cases. The researcher developed a framework for analysis based on a review of the literature of the sociopolitical perspective of disability to guide the analysis of the judicial opinions in the subset of disparate impact cases. The results of the frequency analyses conducted on these data revealed four trends: (a) Precedent, (b) Circuit and Judge Effects, (c) Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) Successes, and (d) Sutton Case Effect. The results of the qualitative analysis of the text of the judicial opinions produced four themes and three relationships among the themes. The four themes were accommodation(s); workplace culture, norms, and policies; judicial process; and policy space. The three relationships were gap-filling, weighing and balancing, and maintaining status quo versus effecting social change. The themes and relationships are depicted in a concept map that visually displays the conceptual framework revealed in the study.
The findings in this study may inform disability and rehabilitation scholars about ADA disparate impact cases, a body of law about which little is known. The patterns and trends identified in ADA Title I disparate impact cases may provide information about the types of policies and practices that are most frequently litigated. Rehabilitation practitioners may be able to use the results of this research to develop education and outreach strategies for employers on best practices for hiring, accommodating, and promoting employees with disabilities. Because the workplace policies and procedures identified in the cases that comprise this study are neutral on their face rather than intentionally discriminatory, employers may benefit from information that assists them in evaluating their policies and procedures proactively, which may avoid costly and time-consuming litigation. Finally, workplace policies and procedures that fairly represent the essential functions of the job and are applied uniformly to workers with and without disabilities will contribute to a more diverse workforce.
48
Borglin, Cecilia. "Dömd eller dömande? : Nyhetsdiskursen av Sveriges Domstolar i artiklar från DN och SvD." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för medier och journalistik (MJ), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-56483.
Full textAbstract:
För att få information om omgivningen och samhället i stort, där egna erfarenheter och relationer att bygga sina åsikter och ställningstaganden på saknas, så är medierna ofta den största bidragande faktorn för medborgaren när det kommer till att få information om sådant som inte rör den omedelbara närheten. I det sammanhanget spelar den mediala tillgången till Sveriges Domstolar stor roll. Artiklar som berör rättssäkerhet och rättstrygghet är ofta vanliga inslag i nyhetsrapporteringen och i tider där diskussioner rörande rättssäkerhet, rättstrygghet och rättvisa är ett ständigt närvarande element, framförallt i den mediala debatten, faller det sig särskilt intressant att titta på hur Sveriges Domstolar gestaltas i två av de ledande svenska morgontidningarna, Svenska Dagbladet och Dagens Nyheter. Studien är intressant för att det saknas mediala studier som enbart behandlar Sveriges domstolar som enskilt studieobjekt, fristående från resterande rättsväsende utifrån medievetenskapliga och sociologiska förhållningssätt. Denna lucka fyller denna uppsats. Problemformuleringen består i en tvådelad frågeställning där den första delen förväntas besvaras av empiriska underlag i form av nyhetsartiklar och där den andra delen i frågeställningen har som syfte att med ett teoretiskt underlag bidra till en diskussion kring förtroende och i förlängningen legitimitet ur ett demokratiskt perspektiv: Hur ser den konstruerade nyhetsdiskursen av Sveriges Domstolar ut i nyhetsartiklar från ledande morgonpress? - är diskursen i huvudsak positiv, negativ eller neutral - vem är den huvudsakliga källan i artiklarna - hur positioneras källorna i texterna och vem får förtroendet att vara primary definers - hur använder sig Sveriges Domstolar av tidningarna och är själva ett aktivt subjekt Vad innebär denna nyhetsrapportering för Sveriges Domstolar och hur legitimeras eller degraderas Sveriges Domstolar av denna nyhetsgestaltning och vilka konsekvenser kan resultatet få för vårt demokratiska samhälle? Studien har ett socialkonstruktivistiskt perspektiv och undersöker hur berättelserna av Sveriges Domstolar berättas och återberättas, vilka värderingar och förgivettagna reproduktioner kan finnas och framträder en rättvis, allmängiltig bild av Sveriges Domstolar? Eller är nyhetsartiklarna snarare enbart en tillspetsning av verkligheten för att passa in i den mediala konstruktionen? Går det att se någon skillnad i diskursen/diskurserna som framträder i nyhetsartiklarna. För att få svar på dessa frågor utgår studiens teoretiska ramverk ifrån teorier av agendasetting – och nyhetsgestaltning, men även stats-sociologisk vetenskap. Studien utgår från en kvalitativ textanalys och diskursanalys, som studerar texterna utifrån sociokulturella mönster. I enlighet med tidigare forskning konstaterar även denna uppsats att brott och straff är ett ämne som appellerar medierna och hantering av olika fall tar stor plats i den mediala publiceringen. Andra bärande resultat för studien som återfinns är att den ”vanliga” vardagen inte är lika intressant för tidningarna och artiklar som berör domstolarna ur ett mindre sensationellt syfte är få. Nyhetsgestaltningen av Sveriges Domstolar har en negativ inriktning och ställer domstolarna i försvarsställning genomgående i artiklarna. Domstolarna är sällan en aktör i artiklarna och i de fall där de är en aktör har de till 99% en försvarsposition. De används i princip aldrig som expertkällor och andra experter i den juridiska sfären tillåts sätta referensramen för Sveriges Domstolar.
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Andipatin, Michelle. "Understanding HELLP Syndrome in the South African context: a feminist study." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2012. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_4918_1365770471.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis is about HELLP Syndrome (hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, low platelet count in pregnancy): a devastating maternal hypertensive complication that results in multi-system changes that can rapidly deteriorate into organ failure and death. Despite rapid advancesin medical technology and medical science this disease continues to take
the lives of women and their infants. The only effective intervention for this disorder is immediate termination irrespective of the gestational stage of the pregnancy. The primary objective of this thesis was to explore the subjective experiences and meaningmaking processes of women in and through their high-risk pregnancies. This objective crystallised into the following aims: to facilitate and listen to the voices of women who were HELLP Syndrome survivors
to explore the reported bodily, psychological and
emotional experiences of HELLP Syndrome survivors
to understand the role medical intervention and biomedical discourses play in these women&rsquo
s experiences and finally to explore the subjective experiences of HELLP Syndrome in the context of traditionallyheld notions of motherhood. The study was couched in a feminist poststructuralist
epistemology. A material-discursive framework which comprised phenomenological and poststructuralist theorising was usedin an attempt to understand both the lived experiences as well as the discursively constructed nature of those subjective experiences. Thus the analysis encompassed both a broadly phenomenological framework to understand the lived experiences of HELLP Syndrome, and a discourse analysis to explore the meaning-making processes of participants in relation to larger social
discourses, in particular the dominant biomedical and motherhood discourses. A qualitative approach using in depth semi-structured interviews was utilisedto gather data. Eleven participants from very diverse backgrounds consented to be part of thisstudy. The findings of the study highlighted the immense trauma, difficulties and challenges participants faced in these high-risk situations. What was evident from the analysis was that their experiences were so diverse and werecompletely shaped by the severity of the disorder and the gestational stage of the pregnancy. Some women ended up in the Intensive Care Units (ICU) and had near-death experiences, some had very premature babies, while some of the participants lost their babies during the process. With regards to the emotional, psychological and corporeal aspects of the disorder,participants described their situations as a disaster, painful and difficult. Due to the rapid deterioration of symptoms, they described the tempo of these events as a whirlwind in which they felt they had no control. Emotions ranged from shock, total disbelief and surprise to anger, helplessness and powerlessness. Lacking knowledge and access to appropriate
information further compounded the situation for participants. Theparticipants who had premature babies found the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit experience (NICU) extremely challenging and stressful. A discourse analysis revealed that women&rsquo
s talk was shaped by the disciplinary frameworks oftechnocratic medicine and patriarchal notions of
gender. Participants&rsquo
discourses about their encounters inthe medical context werelocated in, and shaped by, the structure of health care in our country. In this regard binaries
(like private versus public health care, women versus men and nurses versus doctors) were evident. Furthermore their hospital stay reflected their experiences in the Intensive
Care (ICU) and the Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICU) both of which are highly technologically orientated and managed. Biomedical discourses that filtered through the
participants&rsquo
talk were: medicine as indisputable truth
mechanistic model of the body as machine
medical doctors as gods and the foetus as &lsquo
super subject&rsquo
. Discourses of risk
were inevitably taken up as participants tried to make sense of both their current pregnancies and the potential ones to follow. The passage into motherhood for these
participants was dependent on whether they had live babies or not. For those who had live babies it was a difficult time as they had to contend with their own recovery as well as the prematurity of their infants. The NICU experience was described as tiring, trying and cumbersome. For mothers who lost their babies it was a time of profound sadness and
loss coupled to the notion that motherhood itself was lost. This loss of their children symbolised broken dreams, severed connections and a powerful taboo. In addition, discourses in which motherhood was naturalised and normalised saturated their talk and framed their experience in a narrative of deficit and failure. The ideologies of mother
blame and the &lsquo
all responsible&rsquo
mother were pervasive in their discussions. In conclusion, this high-risk situation represented a time of tremendous uncertainty and unpredictability for all participants and was powerfully shaped by dominant discourses about motherhood and the biomedical discursive and institutional framework in which
participants were subjugated. The study thus highlights how the HELLP syndrome experience illuminates the erasure of women&rsquo
s subjectivities while the foetus/infants&rsquo
life
takes precedence. This has significant implications for scholarship in general and feminist scholarship in particular and highlights the need for this type of engagement in an area that has remained on the periphery of feminist research.
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L'huillier, Amaury. "Modéliser la diversité au cours du temps pour comprendre le contexte de l'utilisateur dans les systèmes de recommandation." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LORR0182.
Full textAbstract:
Les systèmes de recommandation se sont imposés comme étant des outils indispensables face à une quantité de données qui ne cesse chaque jour de croître depuis l'avènement d'Internet. Leur objectif est de proposer aux utilisateurs des items susceptibles de les intéresser sans que ces derniers n'aient besoin d'agir pour les obtenir. Après s'être majoritairement focalisés sur la précision de la prédiction d'intérêt, ces systèmes ont évolué pour prendre en compte d'autres critères dans leur processus de recommandation, tels que les facteurs humains inhérents à la prise de décision, afin d'améliorer la qualité et l'utilité des recommandations. Cependant, la prise en compte de certains facteurs humains tels que la diversité et le contexte demeure critiquable. Alors que le contexte des utilisateurs est inféré sur la base d'informations collectées à l'insu de leur vie privée, la prise en compte de la diversité est quant à elle réduite à une dimension qu'un système se doit de maximiser. Or, certains travaux récents démontrent que la diversité correspond à un besoin évoluant dynamiquement au cours du temps, et dont la proportion à insuffler dans les recommandations est dépendante de la tâche effectuée (i.e du contexte). Partant du postulat inverse selon lequel l'analyse de l'évolution de la diversité au cours du temps permet de définir le contexte de l'utilisateur, nous proposons dans ce manuscrit une nouvelle approche de modélisation contextuelle basée sur la diversité. En effet, nous soutenons qu'une variation de diversité remarquable peut être la conséquence d'un changement de contexte et qu'il faut alors adapter la stratégie de recommandation en conséquence. Nous présentons la première approche de la littérature permettant de modéliser en temps réel l'évolution de la diversité, ainsi qu'une nouvelle famille de contextes dits implicites n'exploitant aucune donnée sensible. La possibilité de remplacer les contextes traditionnels (explicites) par les contextes implicites est confirmée de plusieurs manières. Premièrement, nous démontrons sur deux corpus issus d'applications réelles qu'il existe un fort recouvrement entre les changements de contextes explicites et les changements de contextes implicites. Deuxièmement, une étude utilisateur impliquant de nombreux participants nous permet de démontrer l'existence de liens entre les contextes explicites et les caractéristiques des items consultés dans ces derniers. Fort de ces constats et du potentiel offert par nos modèles, nous présentons également plusieurs approches de recommandation et de prise en compte des besoins des utilisateursRecommender Systems (RS) have become essential tools to deal with an endless increasing amount of data available on the Internet. Their goal is to provide items that may interest users before they have to find them by themselves. After being exclusively focused on the precision of users' interests prediction task, RS had to evolve by taking into account other criteria like human factors involved in the decision-making process while computing recommendations, so as to improve their quality and usefulness of recommendations. Nevertheless, the way some human factors, such as context and diversity needs, are managed remains open to criticism. While context-aware recommendations relies on exploiting data that are collected without any consideration for users' privacy, diversity has been coming down to a dimension which has to be maximized. However recent studies demonstrate that diversity corresponds to a need which evolves dynamically over time. In addition, the optimal amount of diversity to provide in the recommendations depends on the on-going task of users (i.e their contexts). Thereby, we argue that analyzing the evolution of diversity over time would be a promising way to define a user's context, under the condition that context is now defined by item attributes. Indeed, we support the idea that a sudden variation of diversity can reflect a change of user's context which requires to adapt the recommendation strategy. We present in this manuscript the first approach to model the evolution of diversity over time and a new kind of context, called ``implicit contexts'', that are respectful of privacy (in opposition to explicit contexts). We confirm the benefits of implicit contexts compared to explicit contexts from several points of view. As a first step, using two large music streaming datasets we demonstrate that explicit and implicit context changes are highly correlated. As a second step, a user study involving many participants allowed us to demonstrate the links between the explicit contexts and the characteristics of the items consulted in the meantime. Based on these observations and the advantages offered by our models, we also present several approaches to provide privacy-preserving context-aware recommendations and to take into account user's needs