Academic literature on the topic 'Contemporary cultural contexts'
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Journal articles on the topic "Contemporary cultural contexts"
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Kuropjatnik, M. S. "Superdiversity: reconfiguration of cultural complexity of the contemporary contexts." RUDN Journal of Sociology 20, no. 3 (December 15, 2020): 461–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-2272-2020-20-3-461-470.
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Conceptualization of the social-cultural contexts of the 21st century in terms of superdiversity implies diversification of the current diversity due to the changing patterns of global migration and transnationalization. The concept of superdiversity introduced by S. Vertovec means a new way for describing and analyzing contemporary social and cultural processes. The author considers three interrelated aspects of superdiversity: descriptive, methodological and practical (political). As a rule, superdiversity implies new immigrants who move from a larger number of countries than before, including those that did not have colonial relations with the places attracting immigrants. The emerging contexts of superdiversity are not limited to the growth of diversity in terms of ethnicity - a multidimensional approach to superdiversity allows it to reflect patterns of social inequality, creolization and the experience of social contacts determined by diversification of migration channels and social statuses of immigrants, of their ethnic, gender and age characteristics. Under the permanent mobility, multiple identities and diverse transnational practices, not everything can be represented in terms of we-they, majority-minority, inside-outside. Therefore, superdiversity is not related to the Other or minorities but presents a new framework for all residents of the country, regardless of their origin. Moreover, in local contexts, cultural diversity is increasingly perceived as a norm. Thus, the concept of superdiversity contributes to the development of a new cultural narrative that would replace the outdated concepts of assimilation and multiculturalism.
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Garratt, Robert F., and Michael Kenneally. "Cultural Contexts and Literary Idioms in Contemporary Irish Literature." Canadian Journal of Irish Studies 16, no. 2 (1990): 131. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/25512837.
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Fitzgibbon, Ali. "Arts Leadership in Contemporary Contexts." Cultural Trends 27, no. 5 (October 20, 2018): 385–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09548963.2018.1535369.
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Orsini, Francesca. "Dil Maange More: Cultural Contexts of Hinglish in Contemporary India." African Studies 74, no. 2 (May 4, 2015): 199–220. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00020184.2015.1045721.
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Moje, Elizabeth Birr. "Youth Literacy and Cultural Theories." Policy Insights from the Behavioral and Brain Sciences 3, no. 1 (January 19, 2016): 70–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2372732215624709.
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Despite decades of research on social contexts and cultural practices, contemporary literacy education policies often frame the teaching of literacy skills—and especially adolescent literacy skills necessary for college and career success—as if they can be understood separate from the purposes, audience, and contexts in which they are made meaningful. Culture, context, and social interaction play roles in understanding young people’s literacy skill development and learning. The field has learned from studies of youth culture that emphasize the role of reading, writing, composing, and communicating with multiple media. Taken together, these varied studies imply how we might better engage young people; help them understand the relevance of learning to read, write, compose, and communicate with proficiency; and prepare them to build their own social futures.
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Atmodiwirjo, Paramita, and Yandi Andri Yatmo. "Urban Interiority: Emerging Cultural and Spatial Practices." Interiority 4, no. 1 (January 29, 2021): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.7454/in.v4i1.131.
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Discourses on the urban interior recently have emerged as a series of provocations and experimentations that highlight the critical understanding of the urban realm from the interiority perspective. In the fast-moving development of modern global cities, the urban interior concept becomes increasingly important. Cities are fast becoming containers for contemporary spatial practice, with urban spaces becoming melting pots of diverse cultures and communities. Viewing urban settings from the interiority perspective allows us to comprehend unique local characters in particular contexts. This issue of Interiority presents a collection of works that illustrate the expanded understanding of the urban interior, especially in relation to cultural and spatial practice in urban contexts. This issue presents multiple perspectives on understanding the urban interior, raising arguments on how its spatial condition could perform as a container of cultural practice, while simultaneously offering possibilities on manoeuvring within the urban interior context through various ways of reading, interpretation and intervention. These perspectives and approaches promise further possibilities to expand our interior architectural practice in responding not only to current contemporary practice, but also to the future of urban inhabitation.
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Downing, Lisa. "Interdisciplinarity, Cultural Studies, Queer: Historical Contexts and Contemporary Contentions in France." Paragraph 35, no. 2 (July 2012): 215–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/para.2012.0054.
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This article offers a comparative examination of the status of ‘interdisciplinarity’, ‘cultural studies’ and ‘queer’ in the discipline of French studies in the Anglophone world and in France. It is argued that, while the intellectual origins of both interdisciplinarity and queer theory are French, a series of disavowals and appropriations has de-gallicized them. On the one hand, the cultural hegemony of English studies in the USA and the UK has led to a colonization and anglicization of continental thought. On the other, the resistance to cultural studies within the Hexagone has meant that work done in critical sexuality studies within the Anglo-American world over the past forty years is only now beginning to be felt within French-speaking contexts. In tracing this double history of dislocation, the article contextualizes the difficulty of thinking queer in properly French terms — and the importance of doing so.
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Yandell, John. "Teenagers and Reading: Literary Heritages, Cultural Contexts and Contemporary Reading Practices." English in Education 49, no. 2 (June 2015): 188–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/eie.12064.
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Schimanski, Johan, and Stephen Frank Wolfe. "Introduction: Cultural Production and Negotiation of Borders." Nordlit 13, no. 1 (March 1, 2009): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.7557/13.1462.
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The essays in this issue of Nordlit focus on how historical and contemporary border discourses, expressive and aesthetic representations, are generated, circulated, and interpreted in both local and global contexts.
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Feener, R. Michael. "Cross-Cultural Contexts of Modern Muslim Intellectualism." Die Welt des Islams 47, no. 3 (2007): 264–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157006007783237473.
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AbstractAttempts at understanding the development of Islam in the modern period through its intellectual history demand new analytical frameworks to be brought to bear on both Muslim religious thought and the academic study of religion. There is a need for innovative approaches to modern Muslim intellectualism that can build upon the traditional strengths of Islamic Studies while also taking into account contemporary realities which add new dimensions of complexity to the processes of producing and transmitting knowledge. Aside from the formal contents of legal, theological, and social texts texts, approaches to Muslim thought in the modern period also require paying attention to the dynamics of new educational and publishing structures, new forms of media, and cross-cultural contexts of discussion, all complemented by a theoretically aware methodological flexibility that self-consciously moves back and forth between text-specific and broader cultural dimensions of analysis. In this article these issues are raised in the course of reflections on recent work in mapping an intellectual history of Islam in modern Indonesia.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Contemporary cultural contexts"
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Stirling, D. Grant. "The narrativity of narcissism cultural contexts of contemporary American metafiction /." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape15/PQDD_0011/NQ27324.pdf.
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Rhinehart, Linda Maria. "Major themes in contemporary ecopoetry : four poets and their literary and cultural contexts." Thesis, Aberystwyth University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2160/ab9bbaa1-ca4f-485c-9199-0527ba5fa417.
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Krüger, Johanna Alida. "The Cherry Orchard transposed to contemporary South Africa : space and identity in cultural contexts / J.A. Krüger." Thesis, North-West University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/5001.
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The transposition of Chekhov's The Cherry Orchard (originally published in Russian in 1904) to contemporary South Africa in Suzman's The Free State (2000) is based on the corresponding social changes within the two contexts. These social changes cause a binary opposition of past and present in the two texts. Within this context memory functions as a space in which the characters recall the past to the present and engenders a dialogue between past and present. Memory is illustrated in the two plays by associations with place as an important aspect of identity formation. Memory and place are fused in the plays by means of Bakhtin's concept of the chronotope which is best observed in the plays in memories of specific places such as the respective orchards, houses and rooms such as the nursery and the ballroom in. The Cherry Orchard and the garden in The Free State. Furthermore, the influence of the past is also evident in the present when ideas of social status, class, race (in the case of The Free State) and behaviour are contrasted and when various characters express their perceptions of personal relationships and ideas about marriage. The influence of the past is also evident when the characters voice their different perceptions and expectations of the past and future. In The Cherry Orchard these cultural differences are evident in the concept of heteroglossia. However, in The Free State, these dialogues are directed by a specific politically liberal view which diminishes the heteroglossia in the text. The juxtaposing of past and present is also illustrated in The Cherry Orchard by various subversive strategies such as comedy of the absurd in order to portray the behaviour of the characters as incongruous. Another subversive strategy is the contrasting of characters and ideas in order to expose pretensions and affectations in speech and actions to parody both the old establishment and the ambitions of former peasants. These conventions are best illustrated by the concept of the carnivalesque that also features as one of Bakhtin's terms to capture incongruous ideas and situations in literature. In The Free State, comedy is unfortunately much diminished and in contrast to Chekhov's ambiguity, only directed against politically conservative characters. The prevalence of these three Bakhtinian concepts in the texts shows how identity formation is to a large extent influenced and defined by occupied space. When social change affects the distribution of land, a character's concept of identity is destabilised. Although Suzman uses this similarity in the two contexts in order to transpose Chekhov's text to contemporary South Africa, she organises the various stances in the text to advocate a specific politically liberal view. Thus, Suzman's transposition leads to an interesting comparison between the Russian and South African contexts as well as between the two texts. However, her text is limited by her political interpretation of Chekhov's text.Thesis (M.A. (English))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2009.
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Homan, Elizabeth A. "Cultural contexts and the American classical canon : contemporary approaches to performing Tennessee William's A Streetcar Named Desire /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 1997. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9842537.
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Li, Yue. "Oriental mysteries, Occidental dreams? : perception, experience and cultural reinterpretation in contemporary cross-cultural contexts : a comparative analysis between China and the West." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2014. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/5068/.
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This study is a qualitative analysis of direct cultural encounters between China and the West. It examines the subjective experiences of Chinese students in Britain and Western expatriate teachers in China from their own viewpoints – how they understood and interpreted different cultures and made sense of similarities and differences between one another, that is, how they experienced cultural translation. It employs focus group and individual interviewing methods. This study adopts an analytical framework of a before-during-after logic to answer three questions: 1) why did participants come to the host country and what did they think of it before arrival? 2) how did they relate to the host environment and make sense of differences? and 3) how these direct cross-cultural experiences influenced them as well as the wider context of cultural relations between China and the West? It presents the historical background of cultural and educational exchange between China and the West and identifies motives of participants coming to the host country under the current context of global cultural flows. Furthermore, it highlights factors that differentiated the subjective experiences of participants, such as gender, duration of time spent in the host country, relationships with local people and the subjects of study. The effects of participants’ experiences in the host country also varied according to these factors. What underpins the relationship between China and the West in terms of cultural and educational contacts, presented by Chinese students in Britain and Western expatriate teachers in China, is fundamentally an interplay between economic and cultural factors. Differences between China and the West are as much cultural as institutional. This study provides a detailed account of such differences. It discusses what aspects of Western cultural values have a strong influence on China and which traditional Chinese values still hold their importance during direct cultural encounters with the West. It reveals the internal struggle, caused by cultural differences and institutional limitations, amongst both Chinese students in Britain and Western expatriate teachers in China, but it also highlights the ways in which some differences have been exaggerated during direct cross-cultural encounters as well as the profound social and cultural similarities shared by China and the West, which tend to be overlooked.
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Willis, Gary C. "Contemporary art: the key issues: art, philosophy and politics in the context of contemporary cultural production." Connect to thesis, 2007. http://repository.unimelb.edu.au/10187/2245.
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This submission comes in two parts; the written dissertation, Contemporary art: the key issues, and the exhibition Melbourne - Moderne. When taken together they present a discourse on the conditions facing contemporary art practice and one artist’s response to these conditions in the context of Melbourne 2003-2007. (For complete abstract open document)
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Han, Mei. "The emergence of the Chinese zheng : traditional context, contemporary evolution, and cultural identity." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/44638.
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The zheng is a Chinese long zither that was developed from a five-string folk instrument over two thousand years ago to become a concert instrument with approximately twenty million practitioners around the world today. The opposing forces of metamorphosis and continuation have dominated the evolution of the instrument with the most rapid and drastic changes to its conception and practice witnessed in the twentieth century.
This dissertation is a musical and cultural study of the zheng’s living tradition from traditional practice to contemporary evolution, with an emphasis on the transformation of its musical and cultural identity. The studied areas include composition, dissemination, performance technique, and aesthetics. These discussions reveal an underlying ancient Chinese aesthetic principle drawn from both Confucian and Taoist philosophies that applies to all developmental periods of the zheng––the relationship between sheng (generated sound) and yin (cultivated sound).
In addition to being a researcher, the author combines her four-decade long experience of performing and studying the instrument with the voices of four generations of zheng performers and those of Chinese and non-Chinese zheng composers and scholars to reveal the core musical and aesthetic elements of traditional zheng practice. Crucially this includes analyzing contemporary changes in Mainland China and North America since the twentieth century in the context of political influences, Westernization, and globalization. The author argues that the fundamental values of traditional zheng practice are still pertinent to the contemporary development of the instrument.
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Melo, Thaysi Poliani Ribeiro. "Juventude e cultura: um estudo a partir do contexto da crise contemporânea." Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, 2015. https://repositorio.ufjf.br/jspui/handle/ufjf/398.
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Visto que as transformações culturais decorrem de mudanças na base material e vice versa, esta é resultado das complexas relações sociais, aparecendo como um momento importante e necessário de articulação e de afirmação da sociedade. Assim, a noção de neutralidade cultural não pode mais ser sustentada, é preciso levar em consideração o uso que lhe é dado. Ao manipular as necessidades através de interesses adquiridos, a sociedade industrial impede o surgimento de uma oposição eficaz ao todo, pois se configura em um sistema de dominação, um universo político com um projeto histórico específico. Desta forma, o objetivo principal deste trabalho é compreender o jovem da periferia urbana, que vive a cidade de forma restrita e desigual, ressaltando os rebatimentos da crise atual do capital e da indústria cultural na organização política dos mesmos, que tem seu cotidiano cada vez mais escasso e suas possibilidades restritas, assim como seu potencial questionador.
Since the cultural transformations emerge from changes in the material basis and vice versa, this paper is the result of complex social relations, appearing as an important and necessary moment of articulation and affirmation of society. Thus, the cultural notion of neutrality can no longer be sustained, it's necessary to take the use that's given to it into account. By manipulating the needs through acquired interests, the industrial society prevents the emergence of an effective opposition to all, because the industrial society is configured as a domination system, a political universe with a specific historical project. So, the main goal of this work is to comprehend the urban periphery juvenile, who lives the city in a restricted and unequal way, highlighting the repercussions about the current crisis of capital and the cultural industry in the political organization of those youths whose daily time's been scarcer and their possibilities have been restricted, as well as their questioning potential.
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Monteiro, Renato Rica Soares. "A fábrica do Ginjal : abordagem no contexto de intervenções arquitectónicas no existente." Master's thesis, Universidade de Lisboa. Faculdade de Arquitetura, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/8907.
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Burkhalter, Thomas. "Challenging the concept of cultural difference "locality" and "place" in the music of contemporary Beirut /." Bern : [s.n.], 2009. http://www.ub.unibe.ch/content/bibliotheken_sammlungen/sondersammlungen/dissen_bestellformular/index_ger.html.
Full textBooks on the topic "Contemporary cultural contexts"
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Kristine, Blair, ed. Cultural attractions/cultural distractions: Critical literacy in contemporary contexts. Upper Saddle River, N.J: Prentice Hall, 2000.
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C, Lee Nancy, and Mandolfo Carleen, eds. Lamentations in ancient and contemporary cultural contexts. Leiden: Brill, 2008.
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C, Lee Nancy, and Mandolfo Carleen, eds. Lamentations in ancient and contemporary cultural contexts. Atlanta: Society of Biblical Literature, 2008.
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Michael, Kenneally, ed. Cultural contexts and literary idioms in contemporary Irish literature. Gerrards Cross, Buckinghamshire: Colin Smythe, 1988.
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Inside out and outside in: Psychodynamic clinical theory and psychopathology in contemporary multicultural contexts. 3rd ed. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc., 2011.
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Joan, Berzoff, Flanagan Laura Melano, Hertz Patricia, and Berzoff Joan, eds. Inside out and outside in: Psychodynamic clinical theory and psychopathology in contemporary multicultural contexts. 2nd ed. Lanham, Md: Jason Aronson, 2008.
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Shelley, Mary Wollstonecraft. Frankenstein: Complete, authoritative text with biographical, historical, and cultural contexts, critical history, and essays from contemporary critical perspectives. 2nd ed. Boston: Bedford/St. Martin's, 2000.
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Jane, Austen. Emma: Complete, authoritative text with biographical, historical, and cultural contexts, critical history, and essays from contemporary critical perspectives. Boston: Bedford/St. Martin's, 2002.
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Chopin, Kate. The Awakening: Complete, authoritative text with biographical, historical, and cultural contexts, critical history, and essays from contemporary critical perspectives. 2nd ed. Boston: Bedford/St. Martin's, 2000.
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Peterson, Linda H., ed. Wuthering Heights: Complete, authoritative text with biographical, historical, and cultural contexts, critical history, and essays from contemporary critical perspectives. 2nd ed. Boston, USA: Bedford/St. Martin's, 2003.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Contemporary cultural contexts"
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Hinojosa, Lynne Walhout. "Historical and Contemporary Contexts." In The Renaissance, English Cultural Nationalism, and Modernism, 1860–1920, 3–28. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230620995_1.
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Fuller, David, Jane Macnaughton, and Corinne Saunders. "The Life of Breath: Contexts and Approaches." In The Life of Breath in Literature, Culture and Medicine, 1–33. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-74443-4_1.
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AbstractThis introductory essay discusses the contexts in which breath has been considered in the last half-century in philosophy, feminism, the arts, psychoanalysis, education, religion, politics, and cultural geography, including ecological issues and the contemporary global problems of air pollution and climate change; also, as the book was being completed, the global pandemic of COVID-19 and the Black Lives Matter movement, with its slogan ‘I can’t breathe’. It describes the Life of Breath Wellcome Trust-funded project at the universities of Durham and Bristol UK, from which the book derives, including its other major outputs, an exhibition (Catch your Breath, 2018–2019) and a range of outreach activities; and it considers major themes of and connections between the individual essays that make up the volume.
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Ylimaki, Rose M., and Lynnette A. Brunderman. "Going Deeper into Curriculum and Pedagogical Activity." In Evidence-Based School Development in Changing Demographic Contexts, 73–79. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-76837-9_6.
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AbstractThis chapter takes a deeper dive into curriculum and pedagogy as these are defined and applied within education. Here terminology like pedagogy, curriculum, leadership (including leadership teams) and education itself are defined in terms of a particular ‘educational’ interest. Such an approach also features a mediation among state and national standards and the needs and interests of children. This approach sees the task of educating children as necessarily occurring in the pedagogical relation between teacher and student in classrooms and between formal leader/principal and teacher in schools and between district leader/superintendent and principals. We recognize the value of understanding the foundations of education developed in earlier times of political and cultural uncertainty. We explicitly define key terms for education, curriculum, pedagogy and leadership in school development using foundational understandings amidst the contemporary situation. Application of the concepts is explored through case studies.
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Suwada, Katarzyna. "Parenting, Gender and Work: A Sociological Perspective." In Parenting and Work in Poland, 11–31. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-66303-2_2.
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AbstractThis chapter presents the issue of parenthood as a subject of sociological inquiry in the context of broader social and cultural changes. I demonstrate why parenthood should be perceived as a process that is strictly connected with social, cultural and institutional contexts. Keeping this in mind I argue that there is no one proper way of doing parenthood. The most important aspect here are the links between parenthood and paid work. I critically approach the concept of work/life balance that is vastly popular in contemporary social sciences, but in my opinion is not always adequate to describe parenting in a post-communist society. I propose to look at parenthood through the lenses of three types of work: care work, paid work and domestic work. I claim that such approach helps to grasp different ways of parenting in contemporary times, as well as to recognise persisting gender and economic inequalities.
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Smith, David J. "‘Living the Same Full Life’? A Critical Assessment of Non-Territorial Autonomy Practice in the Vojvodina and Sápmi Contexts." In Realising Linguistic, Cultural and Educational Rights Through Non-Territorial Autonomy, 25–42. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-19856-4_3.
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AbstractPolitical theorists frequently hail non-territorial autonomy (NTA) as a modality of governance that allows national minorities and indigenous peoples substantive rights to cultural self-determination without linking this to authority over a given territory. What, though, does the actual practice tell us about the possibilities for ‘deterritorialisation’ of minority identities as well as the ability of NTA to ensure their protection and longer-term reproduction? This paper addresses these questions by critically analysing two forms of contemporary NTA that are frequently portrayed as good practice examples—the Hungarian National Minority Council (HNMC) in Vojvodina, northern Serbia, and the Sámi parliaments established in the Nordic countries. Although the contexts in which these two NTA arrangements were established are very different, I argue that they highlight common issues and challenges that call into question some of the core assumptions surrounding NTA.
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Kontinen, Tiina, and Katariina Holma. "Citizenship Learning: Contextual, Material and Political." In Learning, Philosophy, and African Citizenship, 17–38. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-94882-5_2.
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AbstractThis chapter focuses on three intertwined dimensions central to contemporary studies of citizenship: the material, the cultural and the political. Based on these, it develops an account of citizenship learning that draws on socio-cultural and socio-material theories of learning and emphasizes everyday encounters and practices as spaces central to learning citizenship. It illustrates with examples from African contexts how contextual, material and political dimensions of citizenship manifest themselves in practices wherein citizenship is performed and learned. In conclusion, it suggests an account of citizenship learning which locates learning in the dynamic interaction between individuals and their cultural, social and material environments and is embedded in the specific social, economic and political conditions of a given society and state.
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Daniel, Ondrej. ""Vodka, Beer, Papirosy"." In Music and Democracy, 157–74. Vienna, Austria / Bielefeld, Germany: mdwPress / transcript Verlag, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.14361/9783839456576-007.
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In this chapter, Ondřej Daniel discusses the contemporary developments of hardbass, a predominantly Eastern European electronic dance music style that emerged at the turn of the first decade of the twenty-first century in Russia and spread to different countries of the region and beyond. Specifically, the author focuses on de-politicized and commodified hardbass in relation to social class and the mutations it underwent in late postsocialism in Eastern Europe, while paying particular attention to contexts of the Czech Republic and Russia. In terms of transnational circulation, Daniel approaches hardbass as an element of cultural transfer. The resulting study is based on a multi-site research project focusing beyond Eastern Europe on the specific relationship of hardbass to the Netherlands. It interprets contemporary hardbass music videos in line with mocking colonization by the »normcore« strategies of the »middle class« hipster youth possessing cultural and to certain extent also social and economic capital.
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De Meulder, Bruno, Julie Marin, and Kelly Shannon. "Evolving Relations of Landscape, Infrastructure and Urbanization Toward Circularity: Flanders and Vietnam." In Regenerative Territories, 107–21. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-78536-9_6.
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AbstractA great deal of the contemporary discourse around circularity revolves around waste—the elimination of waste (and wastelands) through recycling, renewing and reuse (3Rs). In line with industrial ecological thinking, the discourse often focuses on resource efficiency and the shift toward renewables. The reconstitution of numerous previous ecologies is at most a byproduct of the deliberate design of today’s cyclic systems. Individual projects are often heralded for their innovative aspects (both high- and low-tech) and the concept has become popularly embraced in much of the Western world. Nevertheless, contemporary spatial circularity practices appear often to be detached from their particular socio-cultural and landscape ecologies. There is an emphasis on performative aspects and far too often a series of normative tools create cookie-cutter solutions that disregard locational assets—spatial as well as socio-cultural. The re-prefix is evident for developed economies and geographies, but not as obvious in the context of rapidly transforming and newly urbanizing territories. At the same time, the notion of circularity has been deeply embedded in indigenous, pre-modern and non-Western worldviews and strongly mirrored in historic constellations of urban, rural and territorial development. This contribution focuses on two contexts, Flanders in Belgium and the rural highlands, the Mekong Delta and Ho Chi Minh City in Vietnam, which reveal that in spite of the near-universal prevalence of the Western development paradigm, there are fundamentally different notions of circularity in history and regarding present-day urbanization. Historically, in both contexts, the city and its larger territory formed a social, economic and ecological unity. There was a focus is on the interdependent development of notions of circularity in the ever-evolving relations of landscape, infrastructure and urbanization. In the development of contemporary circularity, there are clear insights that can be drawn from the deep understandings of historic interdependencies and the particular mechanisms and typologies utilized. The research questions addressed are in line with territorial ecology’s call to incorporate socio-cultural and spatial dimensions when trying to understand how territorial metabolisms function (Barles, Revue D’économie Régionale and Urbaine:819–836, 2017). They are as follows: how can case studies from two seemingly disparate regions in the world inform the present-day wave of homogenized research on circularity? How can specific socio-cultural contexts, through their historical trajectories, nuance the discourse and even give insights with regard to broadened and contextualized understandings of circularity? The case studies firstly focus on past site-specific cyclic interplays between landscape, infrastructure and urbanization and their gradual dissolution into linearity. Secondly, the case studies explicitly focus on multi-year design research projects by OSA (Research Urbanism and Architecture, KU Leuven), which underscore new relations of landscape, infrastructure and urbanization and emphasize the resourcefulness of the territory itself. The design research has been elaborated in collaboration with relevant stakeholders and experts and at the request of governmental agencies.
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Caust, Josephine. "Culture and Arts Leadership." In Arts Leadership in Contemporary Contexts, 23–39. Names: Caust, Jo, author.Title: Arts leadership in contemporary contexts / Josephine Caust.Description: New York : Routledge, 2017. | Series: Routledge advances in art and visual studies: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315559599-2.
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Shikova, Natalija, and Immaculada Colomina Limonero. "Can Non-Territorial Autonomy Help to Enforce the Linguistic, Cultural and Educational Rights of the Roma?" In Realising Linguistic, Cultural and Educational Rights Through Non-Territorial Autonomy, 171–94. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-19856-4_12.
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AbstractRacist and discriminatory policies against the Roma persist in both eastern and western Europe. Methods of repression have varied over time, but it is striking that strategies of open or tacit discrimination and expulsion of the Roma are still found in some contemporary policies of the older and transitional democracies, in EU Member States and countries that are candidates for EU membership. Of major concern is the fact that xenophobic statements and actions against the Roma often come from leading politicians or from national governments. Additionally, despite various international and regional human rights instruments, the ongoing structural discrimination that the Roma face has not yet been addressed within the existing legal framework. Many of the measures that have been proposed to address social exclusion and marginalisation are largely unenforceable; they tend to overlook the harsh living conditions, lack of access to public services, low level of education and embedded prejudice against the Roma. This paper addresses the human rights violability of cultures commonly marginalised in society. In many cases, although human rights protection regimes are enacted for certain cultures, the measures do not encompass groups that are non-dominant and territorially dispersed. The case of the Roma exemplifies not only this situation in respect of their language, cultural and educational rights in Spain and in North Macedonia, but also how the establishment and implementation of possible non-territorial autonomy (NTA) arrangements can help to overcome lasting discrimination. There is no unique model of NTA since it is applied differently in different contexts and circumstances. However, in essence, NTA arrangements can help minorities to enjoy cultural or other activities without territorial limitation. NTA can thus support the protection of territorially dispersed cultures and alleviate some of the harsh practices that they face.
Conference papers on the topic "Contemporary cultural contexts"
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Collell, Guillem. "Hip Hop, a Contemporary Footbridge Designer’s Delight." In Footbridge 2022 (Madrid): Creating Experience. Madrid, Spain: Asociación Española de Ingeniería Estructural, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24904/footbridge2022.123.
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<p>Do contemporary footbridge designers take ideas originated from vulnerable and disadvantaged social groups into account? I believe the direct response, unfortunately, is clearly no, they do not.</p><p>Footbridge design is a top-down practice, typically associated with a sophisticated yet snob and elitistic culture. This paper strives to debunk this misconception with a counterexample. The counterexample must represent of today’s society and it must take form to include different cultural contexts. You cannot find a better example to illustrate such a fine and necessary opportunity as what hip hop represents in current culture.</p>
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Ivanov, Nadejda. "The Imaginary of Childhood – an Expression of Depth in Contemporary Bessarabian Prose." In Conferință științifică internațională "Filologia modernă: realizări şi perspective în context european". “Bogdan Petriceicu-Hasdeu” Institute of Romanian Philology, Republic of Moldova, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.52505/filomod.2022.16.38.
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The communication proposes some considerations on the concept of the imaginary and on the methodology of researching the imaginary in literature. The trajectories of interpretation of contemporary novels from Bessarabia are presented through the research of some literary images and cultural contexts, which highlight the condition of the child and childhood in this geo-cultural area.
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Jackson, Jane, Cherry Chan Sin Yu, and Tongle Sun. "Language and (Inter)cultural Socialization in Study Abroad (SA) Contexts." In GLOCAL Conference on Asian Linguistic Anthropology 2019. The GLOCAL Unit, SOAS University of London, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.47298/cala2019.17-4.
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Students who participate in a study abroad (SA) program are naturally exposed to new ‘ways of being’ (e.g., unfamiliar linguistic and cultural practices) and as they adjust to the host environment, they may experience acculturative stress and identity confusion (Jackson 2018, 2020). To better understand the challenges facing second language (L2) SA participants, applied linguists in various parts of the world are conducting introspective studies that seek to identify and make sense of factors that can influence L2 socialization and sojourn outcomes (e.g., language proficiency gains, intercultural competence development) (Iwasaki 2019; Jackson 2019). Their work is providing much-needed direction for pedagogical interventions in SA programs (e.g., pre-departure orientations, language and intercultural transition courses) (Jackson and Oguro 2018; Vande Berg, Paige and Lou 2012). This, in turn, is helping institutions of higher education to realize some of their internationalization goals (e.g., the enhancement of language and intercultural development). After explaining contemporary notions of L2 socialization/acculturation and poststructuralist perspectives on identity, this colloquium presented the key findings of three mixed-method, largely qualitative, longitudinal studies that investigated the L2 socialization and identity reconstruction of participants in various short-term SA programs.
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Pasdzierny, Matthias. "How much is the glitch? Das digitale Paradigma als Herausforderung und Chance für die historische Musikwissenschaft." In Jahrestagung der Gesellschaft für Musikforschung 2019. Paderborn und Detmold. Musikwissenschaftliches Seminar der Universität Paderborn und der Hochschule für Musik Detmold, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.25366/2020.104.
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Musicology has long since been established as central part of the so-called Digital Humanities. For many areas of music culture as a whole, digitization is considered the central paradigm of our time. But what exactly does this mean, and is it not unusual for technical and cultural developments to be thrown through and into each other? In literary studies as well as in cultural and contemporary history, a critical discussion has already begun on the multiple narratives and projections about „(post)digitality“, which are particularly common in science itself. Against this background, the article pleads for taking digitality seriously as an object of investigation in historical musicology (and possibly also in the history of musicology) and for initiating a corresponding field of research. For example, what promises and debates about loss associated with digitality can be observed within music culture at different times and in different contexts, but also what sources could provide information about this. The introduction of the CD in the 1980s and the emergence of the EDM sub-genre Glitch in the mid-1990s serve as starting examples for such a critical-historical view of and on digitality.
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Strizhkova, Natalia. "Museum as an Institutional Form of Personal & Social Experiments: Project of Russian Avantgardism Artists." In The Public/Private in Modern Civilization, the 22nd Russian Scientific-Practical Conference (with international participation) (Yekaterinburg, April 16-17, 2020). Liberal Arts University – University for Humanities, Yekaterinburg, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.35853/ufh-public/private-2020-10.
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Museums as cultural institutions certainly reflect the sociocultural transformations of the new era and are changing with the new reality. Except for that, a museum is, by definition, an institution of memory, a keeper of history, it is based on adoption: the collection, successiveness and actualisation of past experience. What is perceived as innovation by contemporary society may have historical roots and be an actualisation of innovations of a bygone era. Modern museum development recalls a global project undertaken by Russian avant-garde artists in the early 20th century, and implying the institutional modernisation of museums. This study addresses a project taken on by avant-garde artists for the modernisation of museums in the context of general cultural construction, in cooperation with the Soviet Government. The research methodology is based on a conjunction of a historical study and culturological analysis, primarily the concept of the institutional approach. The study consisted in looking through archival documents: The Fund of the People’s Commissariat for Education and its departments (declarations, provisions, resolutions, decrees, minutes of meetings, correspondence, protocols and statements of estimates, inventory books of the State Museum Fund etc.), personal funds of artists and cultural figures, their theoretical works, articles, correspondence. A holistic inter-disciplinary approach combining historical and culturological analysis with prospects for contemporary sociocultural development and the role of museums is seen as a promising novelty of the research. Russian avantgardism as an artistic and sociocultural phenomenon has remained of great interest for a century. Different studies shed light only on separate aspects of this vast topic in different scientific contexts. The examination of the museum project by avant-garde artists under this study allows us to conclude that they were the first to undertake the institutional modernisation of museums by considering them in the focus of new demands of time and society, innovative programmes as forms of personal initiatives and experiments expressed in the broad public space of artistic culture.
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Arthur, Reginald, Olivia Anku-Tsede, Mohammed-Aminu Sanda, and Eleonora Belfiore. "Application of the “Resource-Based Theory of the Firm” and its Relevance in the Creative Industries: A Developing Country Perspective." In 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1002159.
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This study, by way of contributing to contemporary understanding of the heterogeneity and immobility arguments of the resource-based view, offers insights into how the resources of creative industries present a nuanced but relevant ground for exploring the theory of the firm. In its discussion, this paper highlights the idiosyncratic characteristics of the creative industry and through the lens of intellectual capital and entrepreneurship, identifies the valuable, rare, inimitable, and non-substitutable (VRIN) resources that underlie the creation of heterogeneous cultural and economically viable creative works by actors in the industry. The paper finally discusses resources that explain the state of the creative industry in developing contexts. In terms of theoretical contribution, this study leads and contributes immensely to understanding how the resource-based theory of the firm could be relevant in unleashing the economic potentials of the creative industry.
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Rossato, Luca. "‘Acupuncture of Awareness’: a possible path for vernacular heritage preservation." In HERITAGE2022 International Conference on Vernacular Heritage: Culture, People and Sustainability. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica de València, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/heritage2022.2022.15329.
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The essay describes an approach developed by the author in various international contexts (India, Iran and Brazil) to raise awareness in the community of the importance of documenting and preserving historic areas, comprising mainly vernacular architecture with a very high sociocultural value. Over the last two–three decades, contemporary architectural interventions have undermined the urban setting of many vernacular sites, disfiguring them with out-of-scale projects of questionable quality, transforming traditional spaces and hybridizing historic materials. This article discusses ideas that arose from several years of research and educational projects in extremely dynamic and changing environments such as those of the historic centres of various developing countries. It presents the effects of awareness-raising projects conducted collaboratively in several historic centres by professors, researchers, local authorities, professionals, young scholars and residents. The research underlined the importance of different perspectives on the documentation and representation of cultural heritage–the meaning of which depends on local culture and traditions–in identifying future developments, low-cost methodologies and working tools in the field of education for preserving and enhancing vernacular heritage. Digitization techniques, which were also shared with a less specialized public, played an essential role in establishing a methodology capable of meeting the main knowledge and understanding needs at different levels of depth. The activities conducted and experimental methods applied identified operational processes for analysing, representing and diagnosing vernacular contexts, demonstrating the potential of interdisciplinary activities, including through the use of digital tools. The involvement of the local community proved to be a crucial issue in developing a more shared and conscious approach to preserving vernacular heritage.
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November, Nancy, Sean Sturm, and 'Ema Wolfgramm-Foliaki. "Critical Thinking and Culturally-Sustaining Teaching: Developing the Historical Literacy of Māori and Pasifika Undergraduates in Aotearoa/New Zealand." In Sixth International Conference on Higher Education Advances. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica de València, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/head20.2020.11179.
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In this paper, we explore critical thinking in the context of developing culturally-sustaining historical literacy in Māori and Pasifika students at a large, multicultural university in Aotearoa/New Zealand. Critical thinking and culturally-sustaining historical literacy might seem like an odd couple insofar as critical thinking tends to be associated with liberal Western (academic) culture. Students can resist developing their critical thinking, not least because culturally-sustaining ‘critical being’ is a threshold concept, requiring a flexible, yet clearly structured pedagogical approach. But the development of critical being is vital to culturally-sustaining teaching because of the role the associated skills and dispositions play in supporting cultural autonomy and voice. We talked with nineteen teachers of a range of ethnicities from across the historical disciplines at the University of Auckland to document the pedagogical strategies they used to develop the critical thinking skills of their Māori and Pasifika students in a culturally-sustaining way: fostering peer dialogue that draws on personal experience; practising perspective-taking; drawing on popular culture for its contemporary and cultural relevance; drawing on one’s culture in choosing relevant topics; and creating learning spaces conducive to critical being.
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Nawapan, Thiti, and Remart P. Dumlao. "'How Does the ASEAN Region Localize International Brands?’ A Multidimensional Analysis of Thai TV ads." In GLOCAL Conference on Asian Linguistic Anthropology 2020. The GLOCAL Unit, SOAS University of London, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.47298/cala2020.10-2.
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In intercultural scholarship, there is a considerable number of studies that explores the impact and effect of culturally oriented social media (see Koda 2014, 2016; Mendoza 2010). Of these studies, however, there is a paucity of understanding on how social media becomes a third space of cultural representation, especially in the Southeast Asian context (Dumlao and Wattakan 2020; Feng 2009; Kalscheuer 2008). Drawing from insights connected to inter-semiosis by Kress and Van Leeuwen (1996) and SF-MDA by O’Halloran (2011), therefore, this paper explores the glocalization process and its inclination to cultural representation, and thus creating new discursive forms of identities, by looking at Thai TV ads from January 2019 to December 2019. Two Thai TV ads were purposively chosen from international beverage companies. To capture the glocalization and cultural representation, we compared these with TV ads from other countries, namely, the Philippines, and the U.S.A. Through content and multidimensional analysis, the findings suggest that commercials construct glocal identities through several factors and incidences. These incidences and factors support and provide understanding for brand identity positioning, which itself describes the intersemiosis of elements within contemporary consumer cultures. Implications of this study are discussed in the paper.
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Dugošija, Tatjana. "Integrating the 21st Century Skills into the Business English Classroom." In 7th International Scientific Conference ERAZ - Knowledge Based Sustainable Development. Association of Economists and Managers of the Balkans, Belgrade, Serbia, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31410/eraz.2021.283.
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In a globalized world, characterized by the interdependence of the world’s economies, cultures and populations and therefore requiring a shared means of communication, English has obtained the status of the lingua franca in both academic and business contexts and it has been extensively used in scientific, economic and political fields. Consequently, English has become essential for the entire workforce whose career prospects on the labor market are largely dependent on their English language proficiency, the ability to communicate effectively and overcome language and cultural barriers. Being spoken by over one billion people, English is used in a wide range of settings such as international business, diplomacy, science, technology, education, travel and entertainment. The status of English as an international language and its impact on the improvement of career prospects have resulted in enormous development of English for Specific Purposes (ESP), an approach primarily focusing on developing learners’ communicative competence in specific professional fields such as business and economics, science, medicine, technology, tourism, social studies, etc. Business English (BE), as a branch of ESP, implies teaching specialized vocabulary and different skills enabling learners to effectively communicate in a business environment. However, major technological and scientific advances in the last few decades and the age of the knowledge-based economy in which we now live have caused society and the business environment to be changing rapidly. As a result, employers are looking for skills that go beyond academic qualifications and work experience, and match the requirements of the current age. These skills, variously labeled and frequently referred to as the 21st-century skills, comprise communication, critical thinking and problem solving, teamwork, creativity and innovation, decision making, digital literacy, leadership, etc. The aim of this paper is to explore how the 21st-century skills can be integrated and developed in the Business English classroom at tertiary education level since the traditionally taught skills such as giving opinions, negotiating, participating in meetings, reporting, making arrangements, telephoning and socializing in business contexts, no longer seem to meet the requirements of the current age and the contemporary labor market. Business English courses at the university level can significantly contribute to developing these skills and thus prepare students for their future careers.
Reports on the topic "Contemporary cultural contexts"
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Conviviality-Inequality in Latin America, Maria Sibylla Merian Centre. Conviviality in Unequal Societies: Perspectives from Latin America Thematic Scope and Preliminary Research Programme. Maria Sibylla Merian International Centre for Advanced Studies in the Humanities and Social Sciences Conviviality-Inequality in Latin America, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.46877/mecila.2017.01.
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The Maria Sibylla Merian International Centre for Advanced Studies in the Humanities and Social Sciences Conviviality-Inequality in Latin America (Mecila) will study past and present forms of social, political, religious and cultural conviviality, above all in Latin America and the Caribbean while also considering comparisons and interdependencies between this region and other parts of the world. Conviviality, for the purpose of Mecila, is an analytical concept to circumscribe ways of living together in concrete contexts. Therefore, conviviality admits gradations – from more horizontal forms to highly asymmetrical convivial models. By linking studies about interclass, interethnic, intercultural, interreligious and gender relations in Latin America and the Caribbean with international studies about conviviality, Mecila strives to establish an innovative exchange with benefits for both European and Latin American research. The focus on convivial contexts in Latin America and the Caribbean broadens the horizon of conviviality research, which is often limited to the contemporary European context. By establishing a link to research on conviviality, studies related to Latin America gain visibility, influence and impact given the political and analytical urgency that accompanies discussions about coexistence with differences in European and North American societies, which are currently confronted with increasing socioeconomic and power inequalities and intercultural and interreligious conflicts.
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Vasilenko, L. A., and V. I. Vasilenko. Sociodynamics of contemporary sport in the context of the safety culture. Moscow: Academy IIEPU (International Independent Ecological and Political University), 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.18411/vasilenko-3-16.
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Dodson, Giles. Advancing Local Marine Protection, Cross Cultural Collaboration and Dialogue in Northland. Unitec ePress, January 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.34074/rsrp.12015.
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This research report summarises findings and observations arising from the Advancing marine protection through cross-cultural dialogue project, which examines community-driven, collaborative marine protection campaigns currently being pursued in Northland. This project consists of a series of case studies undertaken between 2012–2014 and draws on data obtained from archival research, semistructured interviews with campaign participants, and published documents. The aims of these case studies have been to compare different approaches taken towards marine protection in Northland and to understand the composition of effective marine protection campaigns, within the context of collaborative approaches to environmental management and the communicative processes underpinning these engagements. The report provides a number of insights into how contemporary marine protection campaigns have been developed and the place of cross-cultural (Māori – non-Māori) collaboration and communication within these processes.
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Dodson, Giles. Advancing Local Marine Protection, Cross Cultural Collaboration and Dialogue in Northland. Unitec ePress, January 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.34074/rsrp.12015.
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This research report summarises findings and observations arising from the Advancing marine protection through cross-cultural dialogue project, which examines community-driven, collaborative marine protection campaigns currently being pursued in Northland. This project consists of a series of case studies undertaken between 2012–2014 and draws on data obtained from archival research, semistructured interviews with campaign participants, and published documents. The aims of these case studies have been to compare different approaches taken towards marine protection in Northland and to understand the composition of effective marine protection campaigns, within the context of collaborative approaches to environmental management and the communicative processes underpinning these engagements. The report provides a number of insights into how contemporary marine protection campaigns have been developed and the place of cross-cultural (Māori – non-Māori) collaboration and communication within these processes.
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Dodson, Giles. Advancing Local Marine Protection, Cross Cultural Collaboration and Dialogue in Northland. Unitec ePress, January 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.34074/rsrp.12015.
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This research report summarises findings and observations arising from the Advancing marine protection through cross-cultural dialogue project, which examines community-driven, collaborative marine protection campaigns currently being pursued in Northland. This project consists of a series of case studies undertaken between 2012–2014 and draws on data obtained from archival research, semistructured interviews with campaign participants, and published documents. The aims of these case studies have been to compare different approaches taken towards marine protection in Northland and to understand the composition of effective marine protection campaigns, within the context of collaborative approaches to environmental management and the communicative processes underpinning these engagements. The report provides a number of insights into how contemporary marine protection campaigns have been developed and the place of cross-cultural (Māori – non-Māori) collaboration and communication within these processes.
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Bergsen, Pepijn, Leah Downey, Max Krahé, Hans Kundnani, Manuela Moschella, and Quinn Slobodian. The economic basis of democracy in Europe: structural economic change, inequality and the depoliticization of economic policymaking. Royal Institute of International Affairs, September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55317/9781784135362.
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- To understand contemporary challenges to European democracy, it is crucial to look beyond the surface of politics and consider the deeper relationship between democracy and the economy. Instead of focusing exclusively on the rise of ‘populism’, it is necessary to acknowledge the multiplicity of threats to European democracy, in particular those arising from the structure of European economies and economic policymaking. - Understanding these weaknesses in the functioning of European democracies is crucial to an effective approach to future economic transformations, in particular the green transition, but also for dealing effectively and equitably with challenges such as higher inflation. It is important that the relevant policy changes and responses are democratically legitimate and do not foster the kind of political backlash that previous economic transformations did. - Over the past 40 years, economic inequality – ranging from income inequality to discrepancies in wealth and economic security – has widened throughout developed economies. In turn, these developments have generated increasing political inequality, as economic policymaking has served the interests of the well-off. - Democratic systems have also been made less responsive to electorates through the ‘depoliticization’ of policymaking, in particular economic policy, as a result of its insulation from national-level democratic scrutiny. The expansion of technocratic modes of governance – notably through independent central banks and EU-level institutions – has in many cases entrenched the policy preferences of specific groups in institutions removed from direct democratic control. - As this depoliticization has to a large extent made democratic contestation over economic policy redundant, politics has increasingly been polarized around ‘cultural’ questions. But such a focus on culture is unlikely to address the inequalities behind the dysfunction of democracies in Europe. - Strengthening European democracy requires a ‘repoliticization’ of economic policymaking, including both fiscal and monetary policymaking. In the specific context of the EU, this would mean opening up more policy space for national decision-makers and parliaments – in particular by giving them a more influential role in fiscal policy, and by making monetary policy more democratic.
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Hunter, Fraser, and Martin Carruthers. Iron Age Scotland. Society for Antiquaries of Scotland, September 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.9750/scarf.09.2012.193.
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The main recommendations of the panel report can be summarised under five key headings: Building blocks: The ultimate aim should be to build rich, detailed and testable narratives situated within a European context, and addressing phenomena from the longue durée to the short-term over international to local scales. Chronological control is essential to this and effective dating strategies are required to enable generation-level analysis. The ‘serendipity factor’ of archaeological work must be enhanced by recognising and getting the most out of information-rich sites as they appear. o There is a pressing need to revisit the archives of excavated sites to extract more information from existing resources, notably through dating programmes targeted at regional sequences – the Western Isles Atlantic roundhouse sequence is an obvious target. o Many areas still lack anything beyond the baldest of settlement sequences, with little understanding of the relations between key site types. There is a need to get at least basic sequences from many more areas, either from sustained regional programmes or targeted sampling exercises. o Much of the methodologically innovative work and new insights have come from long-running research excavations. Such large-scale research projects are an important element in developing new approaches to the Iron Age. Daily life and practice: There remains great potential to improve the understanding of people’s lives in the Iron Age through fresh approaches to, and integration of, existing and newly-excavated data. o House use. Rigorous analysis and innovative approaches, including experimental archaeology, should be employed to get the most out of the understanding of daily life through the strengths of the Scottish record, such as deposits within buildings, organic preservation and waterlogging. o Material culture. Artefact studies have the potential to be far more integral to understandings of Iron Age societies, both from the rich assemblages of the Atlantic area and less-rich lowland finds. Key areas of concern are basic studies of material groups (including the function of everyday items such as stone and bone tools, and the nature of craft processes – iron, copper alloy, bone/antler and shale offer particularly good evidence). Other key topics are: the role of ‘art’ and other forms of decoration and comparative approaches to assemblages to obtain synthetic views of the uses of material culture. o Field to feast. Subsistence practices are a core area of research essential to understanding past society, but different strands of evidence need to be more fully integrated, with a ‘field to feast’ approach, from production to consumption. The working of agricultural systems is poorly understood, from agricultural processes to cooking practices and cuisine: integrated work between different specialisms would assist greatly. There is a need for conceptual as well as practical perspectives – e.g. how were wild resources conceived? o Ritual practice. There has been valuable work in identifying depositional practices, such as deposition of animals or querns, which are thought to relate to house-based ritual practices, but there is great potential for further pattern-spotting, synthesis and interpretation. Iron Age Scotland: ScARF Panel Report v Landscapes and regions: Concepts of ‘region’ or ‘province’, and how they changed over time, need to be critically explored, because they are contentious, poorly defined and highly variable. What did Iron Age people see as their geographical horizons, and how did this change? Attempts to understand the Iron Age landscape require improved, integrated survey methodologies, as existing approaches are inevitably partial. Aspects of the landscape’s physical form and cover should be investigated more fully, in terms of vegetation (known only in outline over most of the country) and sea level change in key areas such as the firths of Moray and Forth. Landscapes beyond settlement merit further work, e.g. the use of the landscape for deposition of objects or people, and what this tells us of contemporary perceptions and beliefs. Concepts of inherited landscapes (how Iron Age communities saw and used this longlived land) and socal resilience to issues such as climate change should be explored more fully. Reconstructing Iron Age societies. The changing structure of society over space and time in this period remains poorly understood. Researchers should interrogate the data for better and more explicitly-expressed understandings of social structures and relations between people. The wider context: Researchers need to engage with the big questions of change on a European level (and beyond). Relationships with neighbouring areas (e.g. England, Ireland) and analogies from other areas (e.g. Scandinavia and the Low Countries) can help inform Scottish studies. Key big topics are: o The nature and effect of the introduction of iron. o The social processes lying behind evidence for movement and contact. o Parallels and differences in social processes and developments. o The changing nature of houses and households over this period, including the role of ‘substantial houses’, from crannogs to brochs, the development and role of complex architecture, and the shift away from roundhouses. o The chronology, nature and meaning of hillforts and other enclosed settlements. o Relationships with the Roman world
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Rankin, Nicole, Deborah McGregor, Candice Donnelly, Bethany Van Dort, Richard De Abreu Lourenco, Anne Cust, and Emily Stone. Lung cancer screening using low-dose computed tomography for high risk populations: Investigating effectiveness and screening program implementation considerations: An Evidence Check rapid review brokered by the Sax Institute (www.saxinstitute.org.au) for the Cancer Institute NSW. The Sax Institute, October 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.57022/clzt5093.
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Background Lung cancer is the number one cause of cancer death worldwide.(1) It is the fifth most commonly diagnosed cancer in Australia (12,741 cases diagnosed in 2018) and the leading cause of cancer death.(2) The number of years of potential life lost to lung cancer in Australia is estimated to be 58,450, similar to that of colorectal and breast cancer combined.(3) While tobacco control strategies are most effective for disease prevention in the general population, early detection via low dose computed tomography (LDCT) screening in high-risk populations is a viable option for detecting asymptomatic disease in current (13%) and former (24%) Australian smokers.(4) The purpose of this Evidence Check review is to identify and analyse existing and emerging evidence for LDCT lung cancer screening in high-risk individuals to guide future program and policy planning. Evidence Check questions This review aimed to address the following questions: 1. What is the evidence for the effectiveness of lung cancer screening for higher-risk individuals? 2. What is the evidence of potential harms from lung cancer screening for higher-risk individuals? 3. What are the main components of recent major lung cancer screening programs or trials? 4. What is the cost-effectiveness of lung cancer screening programs (include studies of cost–utility)? Summary of methods The authors searched the peer-reviewed literature across three databases (MEDLINE, PsycINFO and Embase) for existing systematic reviews and original studies published between 1 January 2009 and 8 August 2019. Fifteen systematic reviews (of which 8 were contemporary) and 64 original publications met the inclusion criteria set across the four questions. Key findings Question 1: What is the evidence for the effectiveness of lung cancer screening for higher-risk individuals? There is sufficient evidence from systematic reviews and meta-analyses of combined (pooled) data from screening trials (of high-risk individuals) to indicate that LDCT examination is clinically effective in reducing lung cancer mortality. In 2011, the landmark National Lung Cancer Screening Trial (NLST, a large-scale randomised controlled trial [RCT] conducted in the US) reported a 20% (95% CI 6.8% – 26.7%; P=0.004) relative reduction in mortality among long-term heavy smokers over three rounds of annual screening. High-risk eligibility criteria was defined as people aged 55–74 years with a smoking history of ≥30 pack-years (years in which a smoker has consumed 20-plus cigarettes each day) and, for former smokers, ≥30 pack-years and have quit within the past 15 years.(5) All-cause mortality was reduced by 6.7% (95% CI, 1.2% – 13.6%; P=0.02). Initial data from the second landmark RCT, the NEderlands-Leuvens Longkanker Screenings ONderzoek (known as the NELSON trial), have found an even greater reduction of 26% (95% CI, 9% – 41%) in lung cancer mortality, with full trial results yet to be published.(6, 7) Pooled analyses, including several smaller-scale European LDCT screening trials insufficiently powered in their own right, collectively demonstrate a statistically significant reduction in lung cancer mortality (RR 0.82, 95% CI 0.73–0.91).(8) Despite the reduction in all-cause mortality found in the NLST, pooled analyses of seven trials found no statistically significant difference in all-cause mortality (RR 0.95, 95% CI 0.90–1.00).(8) However, cancer-specific mortality is currently the most relevant outcome in cancer screening trials. These seven trials demonstrated a significantly greater proportion of early stage cancers in LDCT groups compared with controls (RR 2.08, 95% CI 1.43–3.03). Thus, when considering results across mortality outcomes and early stage cancers diagnosed, LDCT screening is considered to be clinically effective. Question 2: What is the evidence of potential harms from lung cancer screening for higher-risk individuals? The harms of LDCT lung cancer screening include false positive tests and the consequences of unnecessary invasive follow-up procedures for conditions that are eventually diagnosed as benign. While LDCT screening leads to an increased frequency of invasive procedures, it does not result in greater mortality soon after an invasive procedure (in trial settings when compared with the control arm).(8) Overdiagnosis, exposure to radiation, psychological distress and an impact on quality of life are other known harms. Systematic review evidence indicates the benefits of LDCT screening are likely to outweigh the harms. The potential harms are likely to be reduced as refinements are made to LDCT screening protocols through: i) the application of risk predication models (e.g. the PLCOm2012), which enable a more accurate selection of the high-risk population through the use of specific criteria (beyond age and smoking history); ii) the use of nodule management algorithms (e.g. Lung-RADS, PanCan), which assist in the diagnostic evaluation of screen-detected nodules and cancers (e.g. more precise volumetric assessment of nodules); and, iii) more judicious selection of patients for invasive procedures. Recent evidence suggests a positive LDCT result may transiently increase psychological distress but does not have long-term adverse effects on psychological distress or health-related quality of life (HRQoL). With regards to smoking cessation, there is no evidence to suggest screening participation invokes a false sense of assurance in smokers, nor a reduction in motivation to quit. The NELSON and Danish trials found no difference in smoking cessation rates between LDCT screening and control groups. Higher net cessation rates, compared with general population, suggest those who participate in screening trials may already be motivated to quit. Question 3: What are the main components of recent major lung cancer screening programs or trials? There are no systematic reviews that capture the main components of recent major lung cancer screening trials and programs. We extracted evidence from original studies and clinical guidance documents and organised this into key groups to form a concise set of components for potential implementation of a national lung cancer screening program in Australia: 1. Identifying the high-risk population: recruitment, eligibility, selection and referral 2. Educating the public, people at high risk and healthcare providers; this includes creating awareness of lung cancer, the benefits and harms of LDCT screening, and shared decision-making 3. Components necessary for health services to deliver a screening program: a. Planning phase: e.g. human resources to coordinate the program, electronic data systems that integrate medical records information and link to an established national registry b. Implementation phase: e.g. human and technological resources required to conduct LDCT examinations, interpretation of reports and communication of results to participants c. Monitoring and evaluation phase: e.g. monitoring outcomes across patients, radiological reporting, compliance with established standards and a quality assurance program 4. Data reporting and research, e.g. audit and feedback to multidisciplinary teams, reporting outcomes to enhance international research into LDCT screening 5. Incorporation of smoking cessation interventions, e.g. specific programs designed for LDCT screening or referral to existing community or hospital-based services that deliver cessation interventions. Most original studies are single-institution evaluations that contain descriptive data about the processes required to establish and implement a high-risk population-based screening program. Across all studies there is a consistent message as to the challenges and complexities of establishing LDCT screening programs to attract people at high risk who will receive the greatest benefits from participation. With regards to smoking cessation, evidence from one systematic review indicates the optimal strategy for incorporating smoking cessation interventions into a LDCT screening program is unclear. There is widespread agreement that LDCT screening attendance presents a ‘teachable moment’ for cessation advice, especially among those people who receive a positive scan result. Smoking cessation is an area of significant research investment; for instance, eight US-based clinical trials are now underway that aim to address how best to design and deliver cessation programs within large-scale LDCT screening programs.(9) Question 4: What is the cost-effectiveness of lung cancer screening programs (include studies of cost–utility)? Assessing the value or cost-effectiveness of LDCT screening involves a complex interplay of factors including data on effectiveness and costs, and institutional context. A key input is data about the effectiveness of potential and current screening programs with respect to case detection, and the likely outcomes of treating those cases sooner (in the presence of LDCT screening) as opposed to later (in the absence of LDCT screening). Evidence about the cost-effectiveness of LDCT screening programs has been summarised in two systematic reviews. We identified a further 13 studies—five modelling studies, one discrete choice experiment and seven articles—that used a variety of methods to assess cost-effectiveness. Three modelling studies indicated LDCT screening was cost-effective in the settings of the US and Europe. Two studies—one from Australia and one from New Zealand—reported LDCT screening would not be cost-effective using NLST-like protocols. We anticipate that, following the full publication of the NELSON trial, cost-effectiveness studies will likely be updated with new data that reduce uncertainty about factors that influence modelling outcomes, including the findings of indeterminate nodules. Gaps in the evidence There is a large and accessible body of evidence as to the effectiveness (Q1) and harms (Q2) of LDCT screening for lung cancer. Nevertheless, there are significant gaps in the evidence about the program components that are required to implement an effective LDCT screening program (Q3). Questions about LDCT screening acceptability and feasibility were not explicitly included in the scope. However, as the evidence is based primarily on US programs and UK pilot studies, the relevance to the local setting requires careful consideration. The Queensland Lung Cancer Screening Study provides feasibility data about clinical aspects of LDCT screening but little about program design. The International Lung Screening Trial is still in the recruitment phase and findings are not yet available for inclusion in this Evidence Check. The Australian Population Based Screening Framework was developed to “inform decision-makers on the key issues to be considered when assessing potential screening programs in Australia”.(10) As the Framework is specific to population-based, rather than high-risk, screening programs, there is a lack of clarity about transferability of criteria. However, the Framework criteria do stipulate that a screening program must be acceptable to “important subgroups such as target participants who are from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people, people from disadvantaged groups and people with a disability”.(10) An extensive search of the literature highlighted that there is very little information about the acceptability of LDCT screening to these population groups in Australia. Yet they are part of the high-risk population.(10) There are also considerable gaps in the evidence about the cost-effectiveness of LDCT screening in different settings, including Australia. The evidence base in this area is rapidly evolving and is likely to include new data from the NELSON trial and incorporate data about the costs of targeted- and immuno-therapies as these treatments become more widely available in Australia.