Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Contamination des aliments – Cameroun'
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Ndayo-Wouafo, Marguerite. "Qualités microbiologiques des glaces et des crèmes glacées produites dans deux métropoles du Cameroun : Douala et Yaoundé." Lille 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994LIL10108.
Full textSongue, Same Olivier. "Dynamique des usages des récipients plastiques et étude du transfert des bisphénols et phtalates vers les matrices alimentaires." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023ULILS010.
Full textPlastic containers are either food or non-food grade. The food grade containers are used under the well-regulated conditions by various developed countries, to ensure that the pollutants cannot diffuse into food. In Africa and Cameroon in particular, this regulation does not exist. In addition, it is an area of great smuggling, and the use of non-food grade containers in the preservation of food is practiced. Plastics are made up of long polycarbon chains called polymers whose good mechanical, electrical and thermal properties come from the addition of additives during their formulation. Among these additives, bisphenols and phthalates are used respectively as antioxidants and plasticizers. These molecules have been recognized as dangerous for human health because they are endocrine disruptors and are involved in many cancers. The main route of entry of these molecules into humans is food. Their migration from plastic containers to food is facilitated by storage conditions, processing methods and the nature of food. The objective of this work is to study the transfer of bisphenols and phthalates from plastic containers to food matrices. It was a question of identifying the risks of human contamination by plastic containers through a survey of households and industries. Then, the evaluation of the exposure of the population went through the development of a method based on liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry to quantify these molecules in food matrices. Finally, the study of the transfer of phthalates from paint buckets to food was carried out via experimental design and the kinetic study. This work showed that 36.5% of households used old paint buckets in food, and this use did not depend on social class. Derivatization methods followed by liquid chromatography analysis have proven to be precise and rapid for the quantification of bisphenols (A, B and F) and total phthalates in foods. The estimated dietary daily intake of bisphenols and phthalates through foods remains low in Cameroon. The kinetic study revealed that the migration of phthalates is best described by the pseudo-second-order model and depends mainly on temperature, contact time, and pH. These parameters present significant interactions
Djamen, Nana Patrice. "Territoire, filière et temps : modalités et enjeux de l’insertion marchande des systemes d’élevage bovins au Nord-Cameroun." Paris, AgroParisTech, 2008. http://pastel.paristech.org/5163/01/Thèse_Patrice_Djamen_Rv.pdf.
Full textTreche, Serge. "Potentialités nutritionnelles des ignames (Dioscorea spp.) cultivées au Cameroun /." Bondy : Éd. de l'ORSTOM, 1989. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb350715511.
Full textRésumé en français et en anglais. Bibliogr. p. 191-214.
Jamin, Sophie. "La patuline dans les aliments : origine et déterminations analytiques." Nantes, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985NANT349P.
Full textViggiano, Eric. "L'analyse des organochlorés dans les aliments." Paris 5, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA05P049.
Full textHatcheu, Emil Tchawe. "L' approvisionnement et la distribution alimentaires à Douala (Cameroun) : logiques sociales et pratiques spatiales des acteurs." Paris 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA010632.
Full textEbrahimzadeh, Mousavi Seyed Mohamad Ali. "Migration de molécules volatiles dans un système aliment emballage bois : modélisation des transferts et mesure des coefficients de diffusion." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1998. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL_T_1998_EBRAHIMZADEH_MOUSAVI_S_M_A.pdf.
Full textGiovannacci, Inès. "Origine des listeria monocytogenes et salmonella présentes sur les produits de découpe de porc." Brest, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999BRES2045.
Full textYamada, Ami. "Evaluation de l'exposition agrégée aux PFAA, mise en regard des expositions externe et interne." Nantes, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015NANTA65F.
Full textYamada, Ami. "Evaluation de l'exposition agrégée aux PFAA, mise en regard des expositions externe et interne." Nantes, Ecole nationale vétérinaire, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ONIR065F.
Full textMoreau, Olivier. "Synthèse de greffons organiques à fonctionnalités antimicrobiennes. Greffage sur wafer de silicium. Aspects physico-chimiques de l'adhésion particulaire." Reims, 2006. http://theses.univ-reims.fr/sciences/2006REIMS034.pdf.
Full textPreserving food safety implies, inter alia, to control the microbiological contamination of surfaces which are likely to be in contact with the foodstuffs. Various studies showed that this contamination by pathogenic germs resulted in fact from the adhesion of micro-organisms on the surfaces of materials, which is directly in contact with food. It is thus necessary to develop some strategies, ensuring that surfaces, which are in contact with food are not responsible for transmission of the pathogenic agents. With this intention, our approach is to modify the surface of the materials by grafting in order to either limit adhesion, or to develop antimicrobial activity. The design of these modified materials requires, initially, the synthesis of monomers, which have the possibility to graft and at the same time a fragment carrying the anti-bacterial activity. The covalent grafting of these monomers enable to increase the durability of the modified material and to limit the migration of the antimicrobial agent towards the foodstuffs
Augustin, Jean-Christophe. "Modélisation de la dynamique de croissance des populations de Listeria monocytogenes dans les aliments." Lyon 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999LYO10314.
Full textSulmanas, Stéphanie. "Les nitrosamines dans l'alimentation : de leur origine à leur rôle dans les cancers." Paris 5, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA05P154.
Full textLegendre, Gaëlle. "Aptitude de Salmonella à contaminer l'oeuf coquille et élaboration d'un revêtement antibactérien." Lorient, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LORIS215.
Full textSalmonella enterica is one of the most common species responsible for foodborne disease throughout the world. This ubiquitous bacteria, inducing gastroenteritis, can contaminate a wide range of foods. Foodborne gastroenteritis is usually due to the consumption of poultry and eggs. In this context, the aim of this work was, first, to characterize four Salmonella strains and to evaluate the ability of the strains to penetrate eggs through the eggshell and secondly, to develop an antibacterial food coating. Salmonella characterization consists in studying bacterial morphology and growth at several temperatures. Next, Salmonella persistence in environment was evaluated by studying the “rdar” morphotype and the biofilm formation using confocal laser scanning microscopy. Bacterial motility was also observed: “swimming”, “swarming”, and “twitching” tests were performed. Finally, lipopolysaccharides were extracted and characterized by SDS-PAGE electrophoresis. All these experiments were carried out on four Salmonella enterica strains to determine if these behaviours and factors influenced the penetration of Salmonella in the egg content through the eggshell. Thus in conclusion, the ability of the four strains to penetrate through the eggshell was studied performing the “agar-moulding” method. The second part of the work related the elaboration of a food coating providing an antibacterial activity against Salmonella Enteritidis. Among three biopolymers, chitosan was chosen and was reticulated with tripolyphosphate to increase it stability. The antibacterial activity of the photocatalysis of titanium dioxide was also studied. The aim was to add titanium dioxide in the chitosan coating. It was then applied on eggs which were then contaminated with Salmonella Enteritidis to evaluate the impact of the chitosan coating on bacterial penetration in egg content
Omer, Elsa. "Identification des substances migrant depuis des vernis à base de polyester destinés au contact alimentaire." Thesis, Nantes, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NANT4086.
Full textPolymeric coatings, used to cover the inner surface of cans, can transfer substances into the conditioned food. This may include non-intentionally added substances (NIAS), generally unknown structures, principally formed during the synthesis of the coating. NIAS have a wide range of physical chemical properties, which poses an analytical challenge. In order to increase chemical food safety of packaging, it is now necessary to produce qualitative, quantitative and toxicological data. This work aimed to contribute to the risk assessment of NIAS from polyester coatings by developing an innovative analytical strategy dedicated to their identification. This strategy combines the acquisition of a fingerprint by LC-HRMS coupling with the construction of a database, which allows for the characterization of the signals of interest. The initial fingerprint was supplemented by additional data generated from different GC-MS coupling platforms. The migration of the identified NIAS was then characterised in food simulants (simple matrices) and in foodstuffs (complex matrices). Thanks to previously unavailable synthesised analytical standards, this work was able to generated semiquantitative values in real samples have been produced. Finally, all the data produced allowed a preliminary assessment of the risk associated with NIAS from polyester-type coatings
Duca, Radu-Corneliu. "Food quality monitoring and analytical techniques optimization of some aliments within plant-animal correlation : Contaminated aliments effects on the detoxification enzymes." Paris 11, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA11T042.
Full textAwono-Bessa, Cyprien. "Les déterminants microéconomiques de la consommation urbaine de poulets de chair dans les pays du sud : cas du Cameroun et d’Haïti." Rennes, Agrocampus Ouest, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008NSARE026.
Full textA galloping demography and inadequate coverage in meat products, has incited Cameroon and Haïti to open their markets to importation. The competition between imported and local flesh chicken would have been the cause of the collapse of many pultry hysbandry and the loss of several employments. In the absence of information on the evolution of food habits and trend of local poultry sector, this thesis analyses micro-economic determinants of chicken consumption in urban aera of developing countries on the basis of case studies in Yaoundé (Cameroun) and Port-au-Prince (Haïti). In the first chapter, we implant a partial equilibrium model of chicken market in Cameroun, which clarifies the nature of earnings and economic losses consecutive to epening of borders. In the second chapter, we describe the methodology of investigation in both countries. The main results show that local flesh chicken and imported chicken present different attributes to which the consumers are sensitive. Whereas in Cameroon, the local flesh chicken and imported chicken present different attributes to which the consumers are sensitive. Whereas in Cameroon, the local flesh chicken breeding in semi-industrialized farms continues to be preferred and consumed by households with high income, in Haiti, this chicken has practically disappeared and the consumers have adopted the I mported chicken who proves to be more pratical and more accessible because it is sold by pieces. The chapter 3 introduces a bibliographic review of micro economic approaches of food consumption
Oriol, Christine. "Phénomènes de migration des additifs des films alimentaires à base de polychlorure de vinyle." Lyon 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LYO10225.
Full textSong, Hyun-Joo. "Facteurs affectant l'efficacité des bactériocines vis-à-vis de Listeria spp. Et propriétés des cellules survivantes." Lyon 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LYO10227.
Full textGharbi, Abder-rahman. "Ochratoxine A, contaminant alimentaire : effets subchroniques et génotoxiques sur le testicule du rat et de la souris : étude des moyens de prévention." Bordeaux 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993BOR2B003.
Full textNasreddine, Lara. "Nouvelles données en sécurité sanitaire des aliments au Liban : Définition du panier de la ménagère Beyrouthin : Evaluation de la contamination des aliments en radionucléides : Evaluation de l'exposition aux métaux lourds par voie alimentaire." Brest, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005BRES2010.
Full textThe present study is the first in Lebanon to evaluate, by the market basket approach, the contamination of foods by radionuclides and heavy metals and the dietary exposure of the Lebanese population to the heavy metals Pb, Cd and Hg. An individual dietary survey has been realized on 444 adult individuals living in Beirut. Food consumption data were collected using a quantitative food frequency questionnaire. The market basket was identified by selecting those foods with a mean daily intake exceeding 1g/day. The contamination levels of the selected foods with heavy metals and radionuclides were assessed. The results show that the level of radioactivity of the analyzed food does not present any concern for public health. The average dietary exposure of the average individual to Pb, Cd, and Hg corresponds to 7,17 and 6 % of the respective PTWIs. This permits to conclude that, for the average individual, there is no risk of exceeding the PTWIs
Albaba, Mohamed Marwan. "De l'importance des contrôles bactériologiques en milieu hospitalier : application dans un service des maladies du sang." Montpellier 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991MON13525.
Full textAwono, Abdon. "Enjeux et dynamiques de l’exploitation des Produits Forestiers Non-Ligneux au Cameroun." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MON30053.
Full textThe involvement of rural people in forest management is determinant in sustainable management of forests. These people are relying on forest products, especially Non timber forest products they have been collecting for centuries. A good understanding of the valuing conditions of these products is essential in the Congo Basin. The implication of the private sector in adding value to NTFP is another challenge that will be analyzed in my thesis. By giving more attention to NTFP we create the conditions of equity in forest management. Overall the work attached to this thesis is important for sustainable forest management in Cameroon. Many articles, books and book chapters were published on the issue and number of presentations has been given during international conferences related to forests
Tauveron, Grégoire. "Propriétés de surface des spores de Bacillus cereus et capacité de contamination des équipements agro-industriels : influence des conditions environnementales." Compiègne, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006COMP1650.
Full textBacillus cereus, responsible for food toxi-infections, frequently contaminates heated-processed foods. Indeed, beyond its resistance to heat and chemical treatment, the B. Cereus spore possesses a strong capacity to adhere to inert materials such as steel and therefore may be considered as a major food contamination risk. Mastery of equipment hygiene requires a deeper knowledge of factors which influence B. Cereus spores' adhesion capacity and their resistance to cleaning techniques. The adhesion of micro-organisms is linked to their surface properties, which may vary according to the environmental conditions they encounter. Ln the course of this study, we reveal a wide variability in surface properties (morphology, hydrophobia, surface protein content) from one spore strain to another. These differences are associated with a significant variability in each strain's capacity to adhere to steel and in its resistance to cleaning-in-place (CIP). Close examination of these data has shown that the longer their appendages, the stronger the spores' adhesion, whereas resistance to cleaning-in-place is inversely proportional to the size of the exosporia. The use of mutants (from B. Cereus and B. Anthracis) allowed us to show that brush-like exosporial filaments (made up of BclA) inhibit resistance to cleaning. An absence of the ExsY protein stops the exosporium from developing and leads to a consequent decrease in adhesion and an increase in resistance to cleaning. Thus, surface contamination risk is higher for strains with long appendages and small exosporia. Furthermore, spores' surface properties are affected by the conditions encountered by the bacteria. We have studied the influence of conditions likely to be encountered by spores in the agro-food industry. Sporulation at high temperature and sporulation in a liquid environment respectively affect the exosporium's size and integrity and result in lesser adhesion. Ln addition, the application of hydrodynamic conditions close to those encountered in the agro-food industry, induces greater or lesser damage to the exosporia according to the conditions in which they sporulated. This damage leads to a decrease in spore adhesion coupled with an increase in their resistance to eleaning. These behavioural differences must therefore be taken into account in analytical procedures applied in the determination of risk associated with the presence of B. Cereus
Point, Du Jour Frantz Roby, and Du Jour Frantz Roby Point. "Analyse des facteurs de la contamination par les aflatoxines dans la filière arachide aux Nord et Nord-Est d'Haïti." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/37876.
Full textLe présent travail vise à expliquer les facteurs favorisant la contamination par les aflatoxines dans la filière arachide en Haïti. Les résultats obtenus à partir d’une revue de la littérature, d’observations et d’entretiens avec des acteurs de la filière dans les départements Nord et Nord-Est du pays ont permis de relever différentes pratiques favorables à la contamination des produits telles que : l’absence de rotation culturale, la récolte précoce ou tardive, le séchage et le stockage inadéquats, la faible rigueur dans la sélection des arachides pendant et après la récolte. D’autres pratiques néfastes comme le mouillage des arachides et le mélange incontrôlé voire délibéré d’arachides de bonne et de mauvaise qualités augmentent substantiellement les risques de contamination pendant la commercialisation. Les résultats des tests d’aflatoxines réalisés sur certains produits ont montré des taux élevés allant de 22 ppb à 36 864 ppb pour 55 des 100 échantillons collectés sur le terrain, ce qui témoigne du grave problème auquel est confrontée la filière. Plusieurs facteurs à la base des mauvaises pratiques et de la contamination des produits ont été analysés. Ces facteurs sont d’ordre organisationnel, socioéconomique, institutionnel, politique, technologique et environnemental. Nous avons ainsi pu construire un schéma systémique qui montre comment ces multiples facteurs se conjuguent pour entrainer des pratiques qui favorisent la contamination par les aflatoxines et fourni des pistes d’intervention pour une amélioration de la qualité des produits dans la filière.
This work aims to explain the factors that facilitate aflatoxins contamination in the peanut sector in Haiti. The results obtained from by literature review, observations and interviews with actors in North and North-East areas of the country have revealed several practices favorable to the contamination of products such as : lack of crop rotation, early or late harvest, inadequate drying and storage, poor rigor in peanut selection during and after harvest. Other harmful practices such as wetting peanut and uncontrolled or even deliberate mixing of good and poor-quality peanuts substantially increase the risk of contamination during marketing. Aflatoxin test results on some products showed high rates ranging from 22 ppb to 36 864 ppb in 55 out of 100 field-collected samples, indicating the serious quality problem in the chain. Several factors sustaining the bad practices and product contamination were analyzed. Dimensions are organizational, socio-economic, institutional, political, technological and environmental. We have thus been able to build a systemic diagram that shows how these multiple factors combine to lead practices that strengthen aflatoxins contamination and provided paths of intervention for improving products quality in the commodity chain.
This work aims to explain the factors that facilitate aflatoxins contamination in the peanut sector in Haiti. The results obtained from by literature review, observations and interviews with actors in North and North-East areas of the country have revealed several practices favorable to the contamination of products such as : lack of crop rotation, early or late harvest, inadequate drying and storage, poor rigor in peanut selection during and after harvest. Other harmful practices such as wetting peanut and uncontrolled or even deliberate mixing of good and poor-quality peanuts substantially increase the risk of contamination during marketing. Aflatoxin test results on some products showed high rates ranging from 22 ppb to 36 864 ppb in 55 out of 100 field-collected samples, indicating the serious quality problem in the chain. Several factors sustaining the bad practices and product contamination were analyzed. Dimensions are organizational, socio-economic, institutional, political, technological and environmental. We have thus been able to build a systemic diagram that shows how these multiple factors combine to lead practices that strengthen aflatoxins contamination and provided paths of intervention for improving products quality in the commodity chain.
Folio, Patrice. "Etablissement d'une base de données protéomique de Listeria monocytogenes EGDe." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003CLF21478.
Full textAndrianary, Juliana. "Etude de la contamination des denrées alimentaires par le relargage de produits organovolatils issus de l'emballage." Toulouse 3, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995TOU30173.
Full textDjimadoum, Oumar. "Contribution à l'analyse microbiologique des plats cuisinés à l'avance." Paris 7, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA077139.
Full textHumbert, Florence. "Contribution à la détection, la caractérisation et la maîtrise des salmonelles dans la filière avicole." Lyon 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LYO10377.
Full textAnton-Gay, Pauline. "Nature et médiation des effets délétères de l'ingestion de faibles doses d'un pesticide sur l'intégrité anatomo-fonctionnelle de la muqueuse digestive." Aix-Marseille 3, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001AIX30007.
Full textAt present, diet contains increasing amounts of xenobiotics. Gut epithelium is a natural barrier against ingested food contaminants. Our hypothesis was that a food contaminant, ingested at doses possibly found in food, could induce morphological and functional alterations of the gut participating in the pathogenesis of unknown etiology digestive disease. In order to evaluate this hypothesis, experiments were carried out using diquat, a widely spread herbicide with digestive toxicity, administered orally at a low dose (possibly found in food). In the first part of the study, we evaluated the effects (diquat intestinal infusion (60 min) at low doses on net water flux. Intraluminal infusion of diquat (0. 5 and 1 mg/kg) induced a nerve-mediated net water secretion in the jejunum associated with mast cell degranulation and NO release from iNO activation. .
Tankari, Dan-Badjo Abdourahamane Rychen Guido. "Modalités de contamination du ray-grass par les éléments du groupe platine et les hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques à proximité des voies routières." S. l. : S. n, 2007. http://www.scd.inpl-nancy.fr/theses/2007_TANKARI-DAN-BADJO_A.pdf.
Full textFernández, Cassi Xavier. "Aplicació de tècniques de seqüenciació massiva a l´estudi de virus potencialment contaminants d´aigües i/o aliments." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/406124.
Full textThe overall objective of the present thesis has been to analyze the viral pathogens that can be transmitted through contaminated water or food. Reclaimed and river water are important irrigation sources. Therefore, these water matrices can represent an important entrance of pathogens into the food chain. The first chapter of the present thesis has focused in the evaluation of the microbiological quality of reclaimed water produced in a lagoon system by studying the concentration reduction of multiple pathogens including human adenoviruses, noroviruses, polyomaviruses and hepatitis E virus. The reduction of fecal indicator bacteria, included in the reclaimed water legislations, has been studied simultaneously. The effect of the concentration and extraction methods on the viral community composition has been evaluated in urban sewage. A sensitive protocol has been developed to characterize the different pathogenic viruses that can be present in these water matrices, representing a potential threat if contamination of water or food occurs. These methodologies have allowed the identification of important viral pathogens from Caliciviridae, Picornaviridae, Adenoviridae, Polyomaviridae, Papillomaviridae, Picobirnaviridae, Circoviridae, Anelloviridae, Parvoviridae, Hepeviridae and Astroviridae families. The contribution of urine to the metavirome of urban sewage is restricted, mainly, to double strand DNA viruses from Polyomaviridae and Papillomaviridae families. Finally, the applicability of next generation sequencing as a surveillance tool for food safety porpoises has been evaluated by using fecally contaminated river water to irrigate fresh vegetables. River water contained 26 different viral families including important pathogens such as adenoviruses, rotaviruses, astroviruses and picornaviruses. At the surface of irrigated vegetables other important human viral pathogens from 18 different viral families, including Astroviridae, Caliciviridae, Hepeviridae, Picornaviridae and Parvoviridae were detected.
Gdoura, épouse Ben Amor Maroua. "Maitrise des risques de contamination des produits alimentaires tunisiens par le groupe Bacillus cereus." Thesis, Rennes, Agrocampus Ouest, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NSARB324.
Full textThis thesis focused on evaluating the level of risk represented by Bacillus cereus group bacteria in Tunisian food and testing the effectiveness of their control by treating industrial surfaces with bacteriophages. A collection of 191 isolates was created from 687 food matrices. Nearly 40% of the isolates were found to belong to the group, with high genetic diversity (143 PFGE profiles and 99 ERIC-PCR profiles) and an intermediate thermal profile (signatures 16S rDNA-1 m and-2 p). Nearly 60% of the group's isolates belong to the phylogenetic group III, which is potentially pathogenic. Spores have a higher rate of adhesion than vegetative cells. Twelve toxigenic groups have been identified.At least one of the genes of each of the NHE and HBL complexes are present, whether or not associated with bceT, cytK 2 and these. After 18 hours of incubation at 30°C, nearly 71% of the isolates are cytotoxic. Different combinations of virulence factors are associated with cytotoxic potential and a clear link appears between cytotoxicity and food type. The collection has been shown to be sensitive to many antibiotics, while it is resistant to ampicillin and novobiocin. Of the 7 bacteriophages selected, 5 have a unique protein profile while all have similar genome size and restriction profiles. They are used to prevent the formation of biofilms and to treat them. This work confirms the health risk associated with the presence of the B. cereus group in Tunisian foods and the promising role of bacteriophages as biocontrol tools
Tozlovanu, Mariana Pfohl-Leszkowicz Annie Ciumac Jorj. "Evaluation du risque de contamination alimentaire en mycotoxines néphrotoxiques et cancérogènes (notamment l'ochratoxine A) Validation de biomarqueurs d'exposition et d'effet /." Toulouse : INP Toulouse, 2009. http://ethesis.inp-toulouse.fr/archive/00000691.
Full textTsamoye, Pacôme. "La mondialisation des échanges agricoles : quels impacts sur la sécurité alimentaire au Gabon et au Cameroun ?" Nantes, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013NANT3031.
Full textMimouni, Rachida. "Yersinia enterocolitica et aliments : Contribution à l'amélioration des méthodes de détection, approche de la compréhension des mécanismes de virulence et de contamination." Nancy 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987NAN10049.
Full textMimouni, Rachida. "Yersinia enterocolitica et aliments contribution à l'amélioration des méthodes de détection, approche de la compréhension des mécanismes de virulence et de contamination /." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376080787.
Full textOulahal, Nadia. "Procédé intégré de quantification de biofilms résiduels des industries agro-alimentaires : décrochage mixte : ultrasonique - enzymatique et couplage à l'ATP-métrie." Lyon 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000LYO10024.
Full textChasseignaux, Elise. "Ecologie de Listeria monocytogenes dans les ateliers de transformation de viandes de volailles et de porcs." Lyon 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999LYO10247.
Full textTozlovanu, Mariana. "Evaluation du risque de contamination alimentaire en mycotoxines néphrotoxiques et cancérogènes (notamment l’ochratoxine A) : Validation de biomarqueurs d’exposition et d’effet." Toulouse, INPT, 2008. http://ethesis.inp-toulouse.fr/archive/00000691/.
Full textOchratoxin A (OTA), a ubiquitous food contaminant, is a mycotoxin (secondary metabolite of fungi), nephrotoxic and carcinogenic. The doal of our work was to establish a relation between the human exposure to OTA and the induction of cancers of the urinary tract. For a human, the contamination could take place via food chain. The work was subdivided in three parts (i) analysis of mycotoxins in food (ii) evaluation of the genotoxic mechanism (iii) field study. Altogether our work highlights the main role of OTA in the aetiology of urinary tract toumours. This toxin is cancerogenic after biotransformation into quinine derivative which leads to covalent DNA adduct. This study allows the validation of specific biomarkers of exposure and effect in relation with OTA
Bouvet, Jérôme. "Identification du danger lié aux Escherichia coli vérotoxiques (VTEC) et à Escherichia coli O157-H7 en abattoir et découpe de porc." Lyon 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002LYO10062.
Full textGarry, Pascal. "Propriétés physico-chimiques de surfaces en polyuréthane et conséquences sur l'encrassement et l'adhésion de Bacillus subtilis et Bacillus cereus." Lyon 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LYO10193.
Full textAl-Sayeda, Haifaa. "Transfert d'un insecticide systémique, l'imidaclopride, chez la tomate : implication du transport phloémien." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2007. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/7654/1/al_sayeda.pdf.
Full textChen, Zhenhui. "Régulation épigénétique de la production de mycotoxines chez Fusarium graminearum." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BORD0600.
Full textContamination of food with mycotoxins is a significant risk to human and animal health. Reports from the European Food Safety Authority indicate that nearly half of the food derived from cereals and unprocessed grains collected between 2007 and 2012 in 21 European countries were contaminated with Type B trichothecenes, or TCTB, and especially deoxynivalenol, or DON. These mycotoxins are produced by fungal phytopathogens on growing kernels, before harvest. On account of the global climate change, this situation may become increasingly serious. Therefore, preventing the production of mycotoxins is a task which brooks no delay. In Europe, DON is predominantly produced by Fusarium graminearum. Even though the sequential steps of the TCTB biosynthetic pathway are fairly well described, the molecular events involved in regulating this pathway are complex and remain, so far, widely misunderstood.Recent studies highlighted post-translational modifications of canonical histones as well as their variants as critical players in the regulation of mycotoxin and other secondary metabolite biosyntheses in filamentous fungi, by altering chromatin structure. In F. graminearum, it was shown that the histone deacetylase HDF1 could be involved in the activation of DON production. In contrast, H3K27me3 histone mark represses 14 % of its genome, including genes involved in secondary metabolic pathways. Histone variant H2A.Z is ubiquitous in eukaryotes and is involved in a diverse range of biological processes, including genome stability, DNA repair, transcriptional regulation and telomere silencing. However, the underlying mechanisms of these functions remain unclear. In some species, the function of H2A.Z appears to be essential. Up to now, the only one study targeted directly on the function of H2A.Z in filamentous fungi was carried out on Neurospora crassa, and identifying a role in oxidative stress response.Here, we hypothesized that H2A.Z may be involved in important biological processes of F. graminearum including those involved in the production of secondary metabolism. Therefore, this project aims to characterize the roles played by the histone variant H2A.Z in controlling development, metabolism and virulence in F. graminearum.Using a reverse genetics approach, we created six H2A.Z deleted mutants in three different F. graminearum strains. All mutants exhibit deficiency in sporulation, germination, radial growth and DON production; however, intensities in the observed effects depend on the considered genetic background. Additionally, adding back wild-type H2A.Z could not rescue mutant phenotypes. Whole-genome sequencing showed that, although H2A.Z has been totally removed from the genome, compensatory mutations occur at other sites in each mutant regardless of the genetic background, in genes involved in chromatin remodeling. Strikingly, one extra mutation was detected in the H2A.Z add-back mutants. H2A.Z overexpressed mutants have also been constructed, but no significant difference in phenotype can be observed with wild type. Considering our results as a whole, we draw the conclusion that H2A.Z is essential in F. graminearum. It is the occurrence of compensatory mutations that rescued part of the lethality caused by H2A.Z deletion. We hypothesize that profound reorganizations of gene networks allow such plasticity, with certain consequences in terms of evolution and adaptation
Vallé, Michel. "Mise au point de techniques microbiologiques et biochimiques d'évaluation de l'altération de la chair de poissons marins et essais de modélisation." Lille 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996LIL10107.
Full textAleman-Trevidic, Marie-Hélène. "Apport de l'amplification génique en temps réel dans le contrôle de l'absence de contamination par le virus de l'hépatite A des dérivés sanguins et des aliments." Nantes, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003NANT12VS.
Full textThe Hepatitis A virus (HAV) is a naked virus known to be highly resistant to viral inactivation procedures. Its presence in plasma products used for therapeutic purposes, as well as in samples from the agricultural and food industries represents a major public health issue. The most effective means of ensuring good quality of commercialized products is that highly performant technological tools, allowing for the detection of contaminated samples, be made available. Two HAV detection methods have been developed in our laboratory. The first is a sensitive real time RT-PCR-based assay that uses the Taqman® technology to amplify the 5' noncoding region of HAV RNA. The sensitivity of this assay is of 95% with 300 genome equivalents/ml, and 50% with 50 genome equivalents/ml. This method was recently certified compilant with European standards and has been used routinely for over 30 months, which means that over 6 million blood donations have been analyzed using this method to date. Systematic screening of therapeutic plasma products for HAV ensures quality assurance of blood derived products. The second HAV detection method is based on the immunocapture (IC) of virions. This technique consists in extracting and amplify ing the genomes of viral particles that are considered infectious (IC-RT-PCR). Magnetic beads, labeled with a mouse anti-IgG antibody (IgG beads), are incubated with HAV-mAb complexes. The reaction is heated at 95ʿC and virion RNA is amplified using the above-mentioned real-time RT-PCR approach. IC-RT-PCR has a sensitivity of 600 copies per reaction. Non-specific binding of cell-free RNA from HAV or other viruses has been observed, but only represents 0. 2% of all genomes present in the starting material. Finally, in a study of heat inactivation of a cytopathogenic strain of HAV, known as HM175 18F, in PBS medium and other media with a composition close to that of fruit juice, IC-RT-PCR was used as a virion titration method and was compared to the plaque assay. The observed viral decrease with the plaque assay is more important than that assessed using the genomic method, thus showing that temperature acts on viral capsid disassembly and not on nucleic acids. The obtained results demonstrate the protective effect of the selected media on HAV integrity, which is not observed with PBS medium. Viral decrease using inactivation procedures on strains that are difficult to culture or that cannot be cultured is yet to be analyzed
Aleman-Trevidic, Marie-Hélène Billaudel Sylviane Ferre Virginie. "Apport de l'amplification génique en temps réel dans le contrôle de l'absence de contamination par le virus de l'hépatite A des dérivés sanguins et des aliments." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2003. http://theses.univ-nantes.fr/thesemed/DOCaleman.pdf.pdf.
Full textBolnot, François-Henri. "Mise au point d'un outil de maîtrise de la qualité en restauration hors foyer : valeur prédictive vis à vis du péril fécal." Lyon 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996LYO10237.
Full textGuerlava, Patrick. "Réponses physiologiques aux stress thermiques et à l'addition de nisine de clostridium perfringens de type A." Compiègne, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997COMP1056.
Full textClostridium perfringens NCTC 8798 type A is a human pathogen involved in food spoilage. Dense resting cells suspensions have been treated with a heat shock (50°C), with a cold shock (4°C) and with a nisin addition, the only bacteriocin officialy recognized as GRAS. Influence of these treatments on cell homeostasis bas been determined by measurement of internaI concentration of potassium and sodium, cell volume (Vi), internaI pH (pHi) and membrane potential (ΔΨ). K+ concentration is very high (250 mM) in Clostridium perfringens, and could be used as a means of indirect determination of cell damages. In all treatments, large leaks of potassium were observed, but efflux rate and mechanisms involved in these movements were different. Leaks of K+ were principally associated to cell death during the heat shock. The cold shock induced a rapid K+ efflux which could be compared to mechanisms observed for other bacteria during hypoosmotic physiological response. K+ movements during the cold shock did not induce intracellular volume change or cytoplasm acidification, and stationary phase cells viability was not affected by low temperatures. After nisin addition, leaks of K+ from Clostridium perfringens cell suspensions, were very fast (less than 5 minutes) and were followed by leaks of ATP and proteins. These leaks resulted from cell damages and were associated with cell death. A nisin concentration of 200 IU/ml reduced an initial population from 99. 9%, after one hour of contact. If a pH dissipation was observed after nisin addition, no dissipation of the membrane potential was measured with the methods used. Influence of a preliminary stabilization process on the efficacy of nisin bas been investigated. We showed that nisin effect on Clostridium perfringens vegetative cells was not modified by addition of NaCI or NaNO2. At contrast, nisin efficacy was pH and temperature dependent