Academic literature on the topic 'Containers as constructs'
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Journal articles on the topic "Containers as constructs"
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Kamal, Bunyamin. "The Use of Fuzzy-Bayes Approach on the Causal Factors of Empty Container Repositioning." Marine Technology Society Journal 55, no. 5 (September 1, 2021): 20–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4031/mtsj.55.5.3.
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Abstract Empty container repositioning (ECR) is one of the major bottlenecks of maritime container transportation that should be minimized. To achieve this, it is crucial to reveal the leading causal factors. From a container liner firm perspective, this paper constructs a novel model of the causal mechanism of ECR with its reflections and prevention measures holistically. For this aim, this study examines the probabilistic relationships among the ECR causal factors, which are revealed qualitatively and quantitatively utilizing a fuzzy Bayes network method. Sensitivity and validation analyses subsequently are carried out to enhance the accuracy of findings. Outcomes of the research point out that the industry-specific and operational causal factors have the largest effect equally to explain the occurrence of ECR. Among the root factors, structural trade imbalance has the largest effect on the occurrence of ECR, and it is followed by seasonal demand. It is also observed that factors leading to equipment inefficiency have the least effect on ECR occurrence. Furthermore, the gray box pooling solution appears as the most effective solution to mitigate the negative impacts of ECR on both firm costs and the environment. What follows the gray box pooling are foldable containers and information technology solutions/intermediaries in order. This paper provides insight into ECR as a way to enhance effectiveness in container operations, and container liner firms can utilize the outcomes of this paper to mitigate the accumulation of empty containers.
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Dross, Claire. "Containers for Specification in SPARK." ACM SIGAda Ada Letters 42, no. 2 (April 5, 2023): 62–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3591335.3591341.
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The SPARK tool analyzes Ada programs statically. It can be used to verify both that a program is free from runtime exceptions and that it conforms to a specification expressed through contracts. To facilitate dynamic analysis, Ada contracts are regular expressions which can be evaluated at execution. As a result, the annotation language of the SPARK tool is restricted to executable constructs. In this context, high-level concepts necessary for specification by contracts need to be supplied as libraries. For example, the latest version of the Ada language introduces unbounded integers and rational numbers to the standard library. In this article, we present the functional containers library which provides collections suitable for use in specification. We explain how they can be used to specify and verify complex programs through concrete examples that have been developed over many years.
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Moorefield, Charles N., and George R. Newkome. "Unimolecular micelles: supramolecular use of dendritic constructs to create versatile molecular containers." Comptes Rendus Chimie 6, no. 8-10 (August 2003): 715–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.crci.2003.04.002.
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Kim, Dong Sub, and Jonathan L. Sessler. "Calix[4]pyrroles: versatile molecular containers with ion transport, recognition, and molecular switching functions." Chemical Society Reviews 44, no. 2 (2015): 532–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4cs00157e.
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Calix[4]pyrroles function as “molecular containers” as illustrated by their ability to act as carriers for the through-membrane transport of ions and as “monomers” in the construction of aggregated supramolecular constructs.
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Shutina, Dritan, and Rudina Toto. "Territorial rescaling and polycentric governance in Albania." European Spatial Research and Policy 28, no. 2 (December 30, 2021): 103–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/1231-1952.28.2.06.
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Territories as relational geographical constructs are in constant formation and reformation, or rescaling, which results in spatial typologies of complex governance. The voting containers of a territory are merely one typology, often not matching the numerous functions within the other typologies. Under the assumption that voting containers are politically fixed, governance that adapts to the dynamics of territorial rescaling is required. This paper explores the relationship between territorial rescaling and polycentric governance in Albania. It concludes that polycentric governance can enable cooperation and efficiency throughout rescaling, assuming some conditions are in place for addressing the polycentricity gap.
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De Kock, Pieter Marthinus. "Buildings, Faces, Songs of Alienation: How Interiority Transforms the Meaning Out There." Interiority 3, no. 1 (January 24, 2020): 41–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.7454/in.v3i1.68.
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This paper presents a theoretical framework that explores visual meaning in the design and use of interior space. It is comprised of three main parts. The first outlines the framework and draws on several key theories. The second introduces three very different constructs as case studies that in#uence (or are a product of) spatial quality, namely: buildings, faces, and songs of alienation. The third part is a discussion about how each of these three constructs are linked to each other as well as to the idea of interiority. While architectural forms are containers of meaning, the way in which interior space is curated is driven by deeper meaning–one that transcends form and function because people ultimately produce the meaning. And because each person is different, the conditions of interiority (in this case, the meaning that resides within each person) drives the meaning of external constructs that act as enclosures of meaning (buildings and their interiors). The findings are that the mind and body can be projected beyond the facade and into the spaces contained in the buildings we occupy. The role of technology is also important because changes in technology help mediate the process of linking the meaning inside with the meaning out there.
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Abdullah, Afiq, Jasmee Jaafar, Khairul Nizam Tahar, and Mohamad Hezri Razali. "Shipping Container Counting Approach Using Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) and ArcGIS." Built Environment Journal 16, no. 2 (July 31, 2019): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.24191/bej.v16i2.9693.
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In Malaysia, the existing of counting approach on the shipping container at depot is carried out by manual based system. This has made the efficiency of the method to be questioned which can be solved through automation. Under previous studies, Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) is demonstrated for automatic counting of cars and trees. Therefore, the possibility for shipping container counting is highly required in which promotes low-cost alternative and automatedpilot for data collection. Based on this study, the aerial images captured using UAV is combined with geographical information processing software, ArcGIS, towards automated approach for container counting. The overlapping aerial images are post-processed using photogrammetric technique to produce Digital Surface Model (DSM) that represents the ground and above surface feature’s elevations. Then, the constructed DSM is filtered to develop Digital Terrain Model (DTM) where it represents the ground surface’s elevation only. Then, container’s candidates are isolated using subtraction of the DTM from DSM to generate normalized DSM (nDSM) which represents the heights of container’s stacks. From the standard size and height of one container from ISO, the number of containers is extracted. The ModelBuilder tool available in ArcGIS is customized for automated geographical information processing. From results, the proposed approach contributed to 100% of counting accuracy. Keywords: Unmanned Aerial Vehicle, Counting, Shipping Container, ArcGIS, ModelBuilder
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Yin, Zhansong, Lianghua Zeng, and Engao Peng. "Construction of the visco-elastic constitutive model for polyethylene terephthalate in a rubbery state." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2566, no. 1 (August 1, 2023): 012050. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2566/1/012050.
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Abstract Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is an important commercial engineering polyester thermoplastic used in beverage bottles. PET is usually biaxial stretched above its glass transition temperature (T g ) and molded into containers by injection stretch blow molding (ISBM) under a rubbery state. This paper constructs a visco-elastic constitutive model for PET above T g . The stress-strain behaviors of PET can be explained by the Eyring activation mechanism and the Arruda-Boyce eight-chain rubber model(A-B model). In the constitutive model, the overall stress of PET is equivalent to the sum of Eyring dashpot and A-B model stresses. The uniaxial tensile test data confirms the constitutive model under three stretch rates and temperatures. The constitutive model can furtherly be applied in the numerical simulation of the PET ISBM process.
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Evans, Michael R., Andrew K. Koeser, Guihong Bi, Susmitha Nambuthiri, Robert Geneve, Sarah Taylor Lovell, and J. Ryan Stewart. "Impact of Biocontainers With and Without Shuttle Trays on Water Use in the Production of a Containerized Ornamental Greenhouse Crop." HortTechnology 25, no. 1 (February 2015): 35–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.25.1.35.
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Nine commercially available biocontainers and a plastic control were evaluated at Fayetteville, AR, and Crystal Springs, MS, to determine the irrigation interval and total water required to grow a crop of ‘Cooler Grape’ vinca (Catharanthus roseus) with or without the use of plastic shuttle trays. Additionally, the rate at which water passed through the container wall of each container was assessed with or without the use of a shuttle tray. Slotted rice hull, coconut fiber, peat, wood fiber, dairy manure, and straw containers were constructed with water-permeable materials or had openings in the container sidewall. Such properties increased the rate of water loss compared with more impermeable bioplastic, solid rice hull, and plastic containers. This higher rate of water loss resulted in most of the biocontainers having a shorter irrigation interval and a higher water requirement than traditional plastic containers. Placing permeable biocontainers in plastic shuttle trays reduced water loss through the container walls. However, irrigation demand for these containers was still generally higher than that of the plastic control containers.
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Brooks, Claire M., Thomas H. Yeager, Richard C. Beeson, and Dorota Z. Haman. "Evaluation of Square Funnel Containers for Container Nursery Production." HortScience 33, no. 3 (June 1998): 521a—521. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.33.3.521a.
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A series of experiments was conducted to evaluate the influence of square funnel and round containers on overhead irrigation water collection. Square funnel containers, constructed by attaching a 30.5-cm square plastic extruded funnel surface to the 15.9-cm opening of a conventional round 3-L container, were placed edge-to-edge on a white gravel surface. Conventional round containers were spaced on 30-cm centers. Both container types contained a 2 pine bark: 1 Canadian peat: 1 sand substrate (by volume) in which temperatures were monitored daily at 1600 HR in the center of substrate. Temperatures during August for funnel and conventional containers averaged 34 and 41 °C, respectively. In another experiment, both container types received overhead irrigation either without plants or with small or large (3853 cm2 or 5187 cm2 leaf area, respectively) Viburnum odoratissimum Ker-Gawl. Square funnel containers without plants collected 4.3 times more water than conventional containers; whereas, with plants 1.3 times more water was collected by square funnel containers. Volume of water collected in square funnel and conventional containers with plants was not different due to plant size. Additional information on NO3-N leaching as influenced by water collection and substrate temperature will be presented.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Containers as constructs"
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Garg, Surya Kant. "Migrating VM Workloads to Containers: Issues and Challenges." Thesis, 2019. https://etd.iisc.ac.in/handle/2005/5100.
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Modern day enterprises are adopting virtualization to leverage the benefits of improved server utilization through workload consolidation. Server consolidation provides this benefit to enterprise applications as many of these do not exercise all the system resources to their full capacities, all the time. But co-hosting multiple applications together leads to several challenges including regulating resource sharing, enforcing isolation, minimizing interference etc. To address these challenges, several solutions emerged namely hypervisor based system virtual machines (VMs) and process virtualization mechanisms like containers. Both of these system virtualization techniques have their advantages and disadvantages. Hypervisors abstracts the ISA (Instruction Set Architecture) layer and allow multiple guest operating systems to run simultaneously in isolated environments called virtual machines. On the other hand process virtual machines like container technology abstract operating system layer and use the operating system kernel features such as namespaces, cgroups and apparmor to control resource sharing and provide isolation. Containers offer better workload consolidation than VMs as they have lower memory footprint and faster provisioning time. This enables data centers to handle more workload with existing hardware for applications that can be consolidated using containers.
This work explores containers as constructs for workload consolidation and explores issues and challenges in this space. It also exposes concerns while moving workloads from VMs to containers. Containerisation of workloads throws up several challenges that need to be addressed while moving from VMs. Containers share the host OS kernel and hence only workloads with same OS dependency can be co-hosted together. Further, sharing of OS resources such as kernel space data structures, process ids, file descriptors and network stack by co-hosted containers often results in interference and performance hit for applications. In the first part we use OS level micro-benchmarks to identify the cause and symptoms of the bottlenecks and interference visible on the applications co-hosted inside containers. We also identify the key metrics that can be used to measure such concerns with a view to monitor the changes in workload requirements and dynamically place containers to achieve desired isolation and performance. This study is carried out using real-life retail e-commerce workloads of M/s Flipkart hosted in their private data center. Key advantage for such private cloud workloads is that majority of these applications are naturally developed on same OS platforms which gives a strong motivation to use containers for consolidating them.
In the second part of the work we look at constructs for managing the elastic scaling of the containerised workloads. It is observed that majority (more than 70\%) of the Flipkart's workloads are stateless which allows seamless cloning of containers across data centers. We leverage this capability through in-kernel load balancing and horizontal scaling to adjust to dynamic workload variation. E-commerce workloads in Flipkart data center exhibit seasonality and show similar workload variations everyday. These variations can be predicted using Seasonal ARIMA model with minimal errors. Containers are light weight in terms of resource footprint as compared to VMs and can be subjected to frequent vertical scaling without any overhead. Vertical scaling offers benefits of increased performance without loss of service or migration overhead and thus provide better elasticity. However, vertical scaling is feasible only based on idle resources available on the platform on which the container is hosted. With adaptive container placement strategies we can identify potential containers that can be dynamically migrated for creating necessary idle resources to enable vertical scaling for the desired containers. It compliments vertical scaling by filling the gaps to utilize idle resources or vacate the required resources for enabling vertical scaling. Exploiting seasonality, offered by workloads, resources can be provisioned proactively. We observe that predictive scaling reduces SLA violations as compared to reactive scaling by allocating required resources in advance. While in arbitrarily varying workloads, when future requirements cannot be predicted, proactive scaling cannot be used. We show that adjusting to variation in workloads dynamically by provisioning and de-provisioning resources automatically, allocated to containers, reduced average resource requirement as compared to fixed resource allocation. It enables us to consolidate more applications on the existing capacity.
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Pai, Shih-Pi, and 白世筆. "Investigating How Container Transport Industry in Central Taiwan Constructs Its Long Term Competitive Advantage with IT." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/28800135388370304359.
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碩士國立暨南國際大學
管理學院經營管理碩士學位學程碩士在職專班
102
The export orientated trading policy of Taiwan over the last 30 years has been serving as crucial and important part of the chief driving forces in promoting the Taiwan’s economic growth, of which the vast majority of export and import cargo in the international trade need container ship to transport. Ever since the grand opening of Taichung harbor in 1976, the container transport industry for the land and inland cargo movement was thereby generated. From the very first business runner of the kind in the industry operated in 1978, it has been more than 30 years away from now. Due to different and diversified operation model, business running strategy, goal-getting and market-positioning tactics that had been taken by the individual, business ecology in this industry, after quite a certain period of development and growth, has been evolving into a spectrum suggesting that the bigger in size becomes the larger and the smaller either choose to phase out or is still striving to get survived. But, when if modern information and technology is properly used and adopted, which may help position their own edges, enlarging and strengthening the coverage of the core services, breaking through the barriers in the homogeneous nature of container truck service, coupled with good planning, the effective business operating strategy with most competitive advantage, and through the cross checking result, that are derived from the well master of IT system, the ultimate goal of sustainable operation can be achieved. This research is focused on the medium and medium small size of the company in central Taiwan. By virtue of the face to face interview, collection of the relevant documents and data, after being properly analyzed, sorted out and checked, and standing from the system established point of angle, we may understand the problem and the difficulty that have happened to them at the initial stage, what solution they have taken to grapple with it during the middle period. Lastly and most importantly, how they have to enhance their long-term, sustainable and integrated competitiveness in coping with the challenges ahead by using the 2 main operation strategies- cost saving and new sources of business development.
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Cheng, Yu-Ying, and 鄭郁縈. "Applying UNISON Decision Framework to Construct the Workforce of Outsourcer Selection in Container Terminal Industry –A Case Study of Kao Ming Container Terminal Corporation." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/p29rwz.
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碩士國立高雄應用科技大學
企業管理系碩士在職專班
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Port Container Terminal, which plays an important role in the international trade, and crucial to national economic and trade development, offer ship berthing and operating for discharging import containers and loading export ones. Terminal operation needs a large number of on-site professional and technical manpower which are currently outsourcing in most Taiwan terminals. Therefore, decision-makers must spend a lot of time to handle vendor contract issues. The purpose of the study is to construct a more scientific and objective outsourcing vendor recruiting evaluation mode, which can take all related important factors into consideration, in order to select the most appropriate outsourcing vendor. We build up a preliminary questionnaire with 32 items in quality, management, security and support aspects after we explore relevant literature on outsourcing vendor recruiting theories. Their views reach convergence consistency after we carried out two rounds of the Delphi expert questionnaire. Finally, we got twenty-nine important factors in outsourcing vendor recruiting evaluation. Moreover, we construct a scientific, systematic an outsourcing vendor recruiting model applied to container terminal industry through the procedure of UNISON Framework for Decision Analysis, including: defining the problem, rendering the target hierarchical structure, defining attributes, and using SMARTER-ROC(Simple Multi-attribute Rating Technique, extended to ranking & Rank Order Centroid Weights) to calculate the relative weights. An empirical study was conducted in the recruiting gate checker vendor. The model innovatively combining Delphi method, SMARTER-ROC with UNISON Framework for Decision Analysis, is easy to understand and operate with high practical value and good results. We also provide the present contractors working in our terminal with the outsourcing vendor recruiting important factors as their references of management, performance evaluation and job quality enhancement.
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Jhu, Yu-Xian, and 朱育賢. "Feasibility Study of Subsurface Constructed Wetland on Water Purification of Nitrogen Contained Pollutant in Landscaping Pond." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/49849810167502360313.
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碩士嘉南藥理科技大學
環境工程與科學系暨研究所
97
The present research aimed to study the application of subsurface constructed wetland on the water purification of landscaping pond that containing nitrogen. The experimental system consists of upper pool (UP) and lower pool (DP) and waterways connected UP and DP which was designed according to the concept of subsurface constructed wetland layout. In the initial stage, four batches of experiments were conducted to observe degradation of nitrogen contained pollutant under different atmospheric temperature. To evaluate the efficiency of the system, certain amount of ammonium chloride were added into the pool and the samples were taken to determine the concentration of ammonia nitrogen, nitrite nitrogen, and nitrate nitrogen. The obtained results showed that when the temperature was 17.9°C, 21.9°C, 27.0°C and 30.8°C, the effect of temperature was not obvious in the nitrification of ammonia nitrogen. However, the effect of temperature on nitrite and nitrate was significant. The reaction time for water purification was not the same in each batch of experiment. Four experimental batches needed 72 days, 42 days, 35 days and 17 days for water purification, respectively. In addition, increasing temperature can improve the degradation rate. This study also performed three more batch experiments to explore the NO3- - N removal efficiency. The first and second batches used 0.65 mg/L of initial NO3- - N concentration. Results showed that the average NO3- - N removal rates were 31.5%, 32.3% and 95.7% at upper pool, lower pool and waterway, respectively. The third batch was used 2.7 mg/L of NO3- - N and the results revealed that at upper pool, lower pool and waterway, the average removal rates was 0%, 14.9% and 92.8%, correspondingly. The experimental results also showed that the purification efficiency of waterways was not obviously effect by higher concentration of NO3- - N which was more than 90% removal efficiency. From the experimental results, it can be concluded that the application of subsurface constructed wetland on landscaping pond was able to removal the NO3- - N from the pond.
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Tung, Chi Lee, and 李東錡. "Using Hybrid MCDM Methods Based on Concepts of Employee Socialization to Construct the Performance Evaluation Model of the Container Trucking Carrier Industry." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/43352507596506625260.
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碩士正修科技大學
經營管理研究所
103
The purpose of this study is to build a system structure model for the performance evaluation of employee socialization by using a MCDM model. The DEMATEL (Decision-making Test and Evaluation Laboratory Method) technique can be used to build the influential relationship matrix for dimensions/criteria to measure the degree of influential logic relationship graph. Consequently, DEMATEL technique can be also used to find the influential weights (called DEMATEL-based ANP, DANP) based on the basic concept of ANP (Analytic Network Process). Finally, a VIKOR method combining DANP by weightings and using influential logic relationship graph via DEMATEL is used to determine how can be the best to reduce the gaps of performance in each dimension/criterion for achieving the best (aspiration level) solution. In four dimensions, the main impact source is B "Content". For a case study, we used the VIKOR method to assess employee socialization for improving a logistics company's performance as evaluated by empirical analysis of the case. We found that the largest performance gaps appeared in dimension A "Context" should be made a priority when considering areas for improvement.
Books on the topic "Containers as constructs"
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IMPROVED MODELS AND CONSTRUCTS OF STRUCTURAL INTERACTION IN RAILWAY CONTAINER TRANSPORTATION. Tuculart Edition, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.47451/book2022-02-01.
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Allegro, Linda, and Andrew Grant Wood. Conclusion. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252037665.003.0013.
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This chapter summarizes key themes and presents some final thoughts. This volume sought to encourage the reshaping of communities and the redrawing of boundaries as we rethink the study of the Americas. Moving beyond nation-state constructs—those containers of citizenship and fixed borders—it offers new meanings of place and belonging. Tracking the contributions of farmworkers in Idaho, Nebraska, North Carolina, Iowa, and elsewhere, the case studies presented here examine the enormous obstacles and often violent conditions Latin American farmworkers endure in their work experiences in the United States. It also draws attention to the reprehensible notion of “deportability” that continues to instill fear in the hearts of those who live in the shadows. It argues that it is not “foreigners” and people of color who are depressing wages and costing jobs but corporate decision makers themselves who exploit the laboring classes in their zeal to maximize profits.
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Booij, Geert E. Morphology in Construction Grammar. Edited by Thomas Hoffmann and Graeme Trousdale. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195396683.013.0014.
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This chapter presents a whole range of arguments for a Construction Grammar approach to morphology. It shows that the lexicon contains both (simplex and complex) words and word formation schemas of various degrees of abstraction, and provides evidence supporting the view that morphological construcitons have holistic properties. The chapter considers both word formation and inflectional morphology and discusses the relationship between morphological and syntactic constructions. The findings confirm that the lexicon is to be reinterpreted as the "constructicon," a structured and hierarchically ordered array of constructions and constructs with phrasal or word status.
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Boudreau, Joseph F., and Eric S. Swanson. Templates, the standard C++ library, and modern C++. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198708636.003.0017.
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This chapter is devoted to programming techniques which rely on the C++ template mechanism. This mechanism, which is the basis of a computing style known as generic programming, allows whole families of functions and classes to be easily written. It is described early in the chapter. A host of extremely useful template functions and classes is universally available in the C++ standard library, including container classes (vector, list, set, and map) and algorithms used to sort, shuffle, and otherwise manipulate or query their contents. The chapter closes with an introduction to the newer constructs of modern C++: smart pointers, lambda functions, the auto keyword, range-based for loops, and more. An application to group theory is explored in the exercises.
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Hrushovski, Ehud, and François Loeser. Continuity of homotopies. Princeton University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691161686.003.0010.
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This chapter includes some additional material on homotopies. In particular, for a smooth variety V, there exists an “inflation” homotopy, taking a simple point to the generic type of a small neighborhood of that point. This homotopy has an image that is properly a subset of unit vector V, and cannot be understood directly in terms of definable subsets of V. The image of this homotopy retraction has the merit of being contained in unit vector U for any dense Zariski open subset U of V. The chapter also proves the continuity of functions and homotopies using continuity criteria and constructs inflation homotopies before proving GAGA type results for connectedness. Additional results regarding the Zariski topology are given.
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Morawetz, Klaus. Nonequilibrium Green’s Functions. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198797241.003.0007.
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The method of the equation of motion is used to derive the Martin–Schwinger hierarchy for the nonequilibrium Green’s functions. The formal closure of the hierarchy is reached by using the selfenergy which provides a recipe for how to construct selfenergies from approximations of the two-particle Green’s function. The Langreth–Wilkins rules for a diagrammatic technique are shown to be equivalent to the weakening of initial correlations. The quantum transport equations are derived in the general form of Kadanoff and Baym equations. The information contained in the Green’s function is discussed. In equilibrium this leads to the Matsubara diagrammatic technique.
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Cruces, Guillermo, Gary S. Fields, David Jaume, and Mariana Viollaz. Data and Methodology. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198801085.003.0002.
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This study is based on microeconomic data from more than 150 household surveys, five million households, and eighteen million persons contained in the SEDLAC—Socio-Economic Database for Latin America and the Caribbean. These data cover the following sixteen Latin American countries: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Honduras, Mexico, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay, and Venezuela. Based on these household surveys and the SEDLAC harmonization methodology, the study constructs comparable time series for a wide range of labour market, poverty, and income inequality indicators. It also employs aggregate macroeconomic indicators from two sources: the World Bank’s World Development Indicators and the United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean’s database on social expenditure.
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McDuff, Dusa, and Dietmar Salamon. Constructing symplectic manifolds. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198794899.003.0008.
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This chapter examines various ways to construct symplectic manifolds and submanifolds. It begins by studying blowing up and down in both the complex and the symplectic contexts. The next section is devoted to a discussion of fibre connected sums and describes Gompf’s construction of symplectic four-manifolds with arbitrary fundamental group. The chapter also contains an exposition of Gromov’s telescope construction, which shows that for open manifolds the h-principle rules and the inclusion of the space of symplectic forms into the space of nondegenerate 2-forms is a homotopy equivalence. The final section outlines Donaldson’s construction of codimension two symplectic submanifolds and explains the associated decompositions of the ambient manifold.
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Husain, Husam R., ed. Heritage and the City: Values and Beyond. Cinius Yayınları Publication, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.38027/2022_362598.362.
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Values bind us together which makes our communities stronger and united. Communities are built upon our tolerance and understanding of the value of our ties, and ties pave our cities towards a bright future. The structure of this book is constructed around the concept of value”. It contains a collection of readings about the Challenges we face in Cities, Culture, and Heritage. The book is divided into three Parts. The first part focuses on aesthetical values; the second contains articles on cultural values in cities, and the third part is a specialized theme on water values and urban areas. Collectively, the 12 chapters discusses findings, approaches, methodologies, and provide new ways of understanding values in old and new cities. This collection of essays and contributors is concerned with underlying issues such as architectural values, heritage and the city, urban identity, conservation and preservation, water values, and climate issues. Each part contains several chapters to enable cross-reference and comparison. This book is a useful collection of academic resource which discusses some questions and issues that cities have to face.
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McDuff, Dusa, and Dietmar Salamon. The arnold conjecture. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198794899.003.0012.
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This chapter contains a proof of the Arnold conjecture for the standard torus, which is based on the discrete symplectic action. The symplectic part of this proof is very easy. However, for completeness of the exposition, one section is devoted to a fairly detailed discussion of the relevant Conley index theory and of Ljusternik–Schnirelmann theory. Closely related to the problem of finding symplectic fixed points is the Lagrangian intersection problem. The chapter outlines a proof of Arnold’s conjecture for cotangent bundles that again uses the discrete symplectic action, this time to construct generating functions for Lagrangian submanifolds. The chapter ends with a brief outline of the construction and applications of Floer homology.
Book chapters on the topic "Containers as constructs"
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Presland, Rob, Alistair Boyce, and Engliang Chin. "Thorndon Container Wharf: Temporary Works for Recovery of Container Operations (New Zealand)." In Case Studies on Conservation and Seismic Strengthening/Retrofitting of Existing Structures, 127–44. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/cs002.127.
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<p>The Thorndon Container Wharf sustained severe damage in the November 2016 M7.8 Kaikoura earthquake. Substantialworks, of a temporary nature, were required to restore thewharf for container handling operations. The temporary securing works included gravel columns within the reclamation fill and restraining and underpinning of the wharf. All of these works were designed and constructed over a 9-month period to provide a temporary facility for container handling operations for a period of up to 3 years. The temporary securingworks were required to secure the container cranes, maintain support to the wharf structure, and ensure the reclamation behind the wharf had sufficient strength to support lateral loads imposed by the restraining system. This was to enable container operations to recommence and to maintain business continuity, pending action on replacement or reinstatement of the container wharf. This paper outlines the development of the design of the temporary works to secure and return to operations a 125- m working length of wharf and reclamation.</p>
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Suzuki, Koji, and Yoshinori Sumita. "Construction of Cai Mep International Container Terminal." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 55–61. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-6138-0_5.
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AbstractCai Mep International Container Terminal was constructed 80 km southeast of Ho Chi Minh city, Vietnam, where a thick and soft clay deposit was widely found from the top of the ground. To minimize consolidation settlement after construction, soil improvement by PVD was extensively applied. Sand filling including preload up to +11.8 mCD was required on the existing ground of +3.5 mCD. Stability of this sand filling on river side was the first concern in the construction work. According to soil investigation to study shear strength profile of the soft clay, original design of sand filling was revised to maintain stability of the filling on river side. This report presents the original and the revised design, as well as the results of soil investigation.
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Hirvonen, Inka, Päivi Siivonen, and Katri Komulainen. "Finnish University Students Constructing Their Ideal Employable Identities: A Case Study of Top Performing Experts." In Rethinking Graduate Employability in Context, 275–97. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-20653-5_13.
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AbstractThe society has a great impact on defining what is a successful employable identity. This means that the construction of employable identity has become crucial to pursuing opportunities in the competitive labour market. In this article, employability is seen as a process where Finnish university students play out an identity project and construct their future-oriented employability. By applying narrative thematical analysis, the study shows that students constructed an ideal employable identity, designated as a Top Performing Expert. The process of constructing this identity contained three phases: 1. employability as a long-term goal, 2. constructing employability in a specific field, and 3. harnessing personality to strengthen employability. The authors suggest that identity process requires each individual’s own activity and problem-solving.
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Zhang, Yi, Cheng Peng, Yike Li, Jinling Li, and Jinshan Dai. "A Study on the Han-Hai Fleet Slot Mutual Chartering Model of Han-Shen Line Based on Linear Alliance." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 1432–43. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-6138-0_127.
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AbstractTo raise the income of the container liner company and improve the shipping space utilization rate, an integer programming model is constructed in view of the seaworthiness characteristics of each ship route along Hanshen line of the Yangtze river, OD container transport demand, and the container rental business under the alliance. Aiming to maximize the gross profit of the Hanhai liner shipping fleet series, the container was optimized route network along the Yangtze river waterway and determined how to choose the port call for each route and the types of vessels. While optimizing, the model is established according to the characteristics of liner multi-port attachment and cargo nonstop transportation routes, comprehensively considering various factors including freight demand, maximum cargo capacity of a single ship, minimum voyage frequency, and freight rate level. The numerical analysis of the Hanhai fleet turns out that the model can perfectly simulate the situation in reality and optimize the existing routes and boost the profits of liner transportation companies.
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Baumgartner, Peter. "The Fusemate Logic Programming System." In Automated Deduction – CADE 28, 589–601. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-79876-5_34.
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AbstractFusemate is a logic programming system that implements the possible model semantics for disjunctive logic programs. Its input language is centered around a weak notion of stratification with comprehension and aggregation operators on top of it. Fusemate is implemented as a shallow embedding in the Scala programming language. This enables using Scala data types natively as terms, a tight interface with external systems, and it makes model computation available as an ordinary container data structure constructor. The paper describes the above features and implementation aspects. It also demonstrates them with a non-trivial use-case, the embedding of the description logic $$\mathcal ALCIF$$ A L C I F into Fusemate’s input language.
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Mazzon, Gabriella. "Language of Dominance, Language of Resistance: Cersei Lannister’s and Arya Stark’s Discursive Strategies Compared." In „Beyond the Wall”: Game of Thrones aus interdisziplinärer Perspektive, 75–89. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-36145-7_5.
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AbstractFictional dialogue contains evidence about the conversational and rhetorical strategies that contribute to characterisation and plot development. Through their words, fictional characters not only create their identities, but also express the set of values they are meant to represent, since dialogues are constructed following the conventions of the community that produces and forms the audience of the fictional product. This paper analyses utterances and dialogue sequences by Cersei Lannister and Arya Stark, with a special attention to how they engage with their gender and related issues, showing the differences and similarities between these two iconic female characters.
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Hong, Geonho, Youngsoo Chung, and Hyekyo Chung. "Rehabilitation of the Kumho Group Seoul Headquarters, Korea." In Case Studies of Rehabilitation, Repair, Retrofitting, and Strengthening of Structures, 95–114. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/sed012.095.
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<p>This paper is a case study of an office building rehabilitation in Seoul, Korea. The partly built building, originally designed as a general office building, contained 20 stories above and seven below ground. After the first floor slab was constructed, construction was stopped because of financial difficulties of the previous owner. The new owner revised the architectural plan, design, and height of the building with 29 stories above and eight below ground. Because of the long-term stop of the construction and change of the architectural design, large-scale repair and rehabilitation work was carried out in 2006.</p>
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Morimoto, Junko, Susumu Goto, Akito Kuroyanagi, Motoko Toyoshima, and Yuichiro Shida. "Natural Succession of Wetland Vegetation in a Flood-Control Pond Constructed on Abandoned Farmland." In Ecological Research Monographs, 209–24. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-6791-6_13.
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AbstractCan a flood-control basin be considered a component of green infrastructure (GI) with not only disaster prevention functions but also biodiversity conservation functions? We studied the succession of wetland vegetation in a flood-control basin constructed in a floodplain. The number of species composing the buried seeds depended on the depth of the soil layer, with shallower (recent) layers having more species. Plants germinated from buried seeds in deep (ancient) soil layers were small and difficult to identify based on morphology alone, but DNA-based analyses made it possible to identify these species. The occurrence of three species of Juncus and Cyperus in the peat layer that developed between 840 and 1215 years ago indicates that it is possible to regenerate wetland plants from the past if the buried seeds are well preserved and in good condition. The excavated section of the experimental site, which was set in part of the flood-control basin, received dispersed seeds from the surrounding agricultural land and contained more species than did the soil layer itself. The shallower the water depth was (the shallower the excavation depth), the greater the number of species that occurred. In addition, species with different life forms occurred depending on the water depth. More species occurred in the entire flood-control basin than in the experimental site. The factors that determined the type of plant community were years since excavation, water depth, and water quality. Finally, we discussed the management practices concerning the supply of propagules and the management of suitable habitats as essential factors for flood-control basins constructed on fallow land to function as GI.
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Cornelissen, Gunther, and Norbert Peyerimhoff. "Homological Wideness, “Class Field Theory” for Covers, and a Number Theoretical Analogue." In Twisted Isospectrality, Homological Wideness, and Isometry, 85–90. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-27704-7_10.
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AbstractIn a previous chapter, we have constructed a particular Riemannian covering realising a wreath product. In this chapter, we first return to that example and use class field theory for Riemannian coverings (à la Sunada) to study the behaviour of geodesic in such covers. We then relate, in the general case, homological wideness of a group G acting on a manifold M (i.e., the question whether the first homology of M contains the regular representation of G) to the existence of geodesics with certain splitting behaviour. In exact analogy to an classical argument in analytic number theory, we use the Ruelle zeta function to show the existence of infinitely many totally split geodesics for a given covering in the negative curvature case. Finally, the analogy with class field theory allows us to study an analogue of homological wideness in the theory of extensions of number fields.
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Nuthall, Peter L. "Agreement. Oh yeah!" In Farm business management: the decisive farmer, 140–54. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781800620124.0013.
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Abstract This chapter has covered many aspects involved in a farmer's managerial ability. It is again stressed that most farmers make most decisions using intuition. This chapter also contains the results of comparing the managerial attributes of farmers with a managerial ability rating of 70 percent or greater (on a 0-100 percent scale), with the farmers below 70 percent. It was constructed from a sample of over 700 farmers. The farmers discuss at some length the problem that Peter recognizes as a fault in his management style- conscientiousness. They suggest some ideas on how he can improve his style in this regard. George talks about what he calls benignness, or agreeableness in the five-factor personality model. He believes he finds it difficult when faced with issues as he doesn't have sufficient of this personality factor, which sometimes results in foolish decisions, and reactions to others. The other farmers suggest various ideas on improvement.
Conference papers on the topic "Containers as constructs"
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Jobe, Jonathan M., Thomas A. Johnson, and Christiaan J. J. Paredis. "Multi-Aspect Component Models: A Framework for Model Reuse in SysML." In ASME 2008 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2008-49339.
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In this paper, a framework is defined for cost-effective reuse of engineering analysis models in the context of systems engineering. As systems engineering problems become increasingly complex and involve an increasing number of stakeholders, it is important that the knowledge required to solve these problems is formulated and communicated in a formal fashion. To allow such formal communication to occur in a cost-effective manner, a framework is introduced based on model reuse and composition. In this framework, engineering analysis models are associated with components and characterized by aspects. The resulting containers of related models are called Multi-Aspect Component Models (MAsCoMs). To allow the MAsCoMs to be incorporated seamlessly into systems engineering practice, the models are defined in the Systems Modeling Language (OMG SysML™). After introducing the basic modeling constructs, their implementation and composition is illustrated in the context of the design of a hydraulically actuated log splitter.
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Groot, J. A. W. M., C. G. Giannopapa, and R. M. M. Mattheij. "Numerical Optimisation of Blowing Glass Parison Shapes." In ASME 2009 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2009-77946.
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Industrial glass blowing is an essential stage of manufacturing glass containers, i.e. bottles or jars. An initial glass preform is brought into a mould and subsequently blown into the mould shape. Over the last few decades, a wide range of numerical models for forward glass blow process simulation have been developed. A considerable challenge is the inverse problem: to determine an optimal preform from the desired container shape. A simulation model for blowing glass containers based on finite element methods has previously been developed [1, 2]. This model uses level set methods to track the glass-air interfaces. In previous work of the authors [3] a numerical method was introduced for optimising the shape of the preform. The optimisation method aims at minimising the error in the level set representing the inner container surface. The objective of this paper is to analyse the inverse problem by means of an analytical approximation of the flow problem and to improve the performance of the optimisation method previously introduced. In particular an initial guess of the preform for the iterative optimisation algorithm is constructed from the approximate solution of the inverse problem. The main goals of this work are the analysis of the inverse problem and the development of the optimisation method in consideration of the application to containers of industrial relevance.
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Li, Chuntong, Deyu Wang, and Jiaqi Liu. "Numerical Simulation of Container Stacks Dynamics Under Typical Motion Excitation." In ASME 2019 38th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2019-95644.
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Abstract Present regulation and norms for securing equipment are calculated based on static strength analysis ignore the dynamic situations faced by containers during maritime transportation, and the event of container loss still occurs. This research aim to investigate the dynamic behavior of container stack under typical motion excitations simulating real ocean conditions. A two-tier scaled model of a 20-ft ISO freight container were built based on scaling law. The research process is divided into three stages. The first stage: establish a full-scale 20-ft container mode, and obtain characteristic information such as mass and stiffness through finite element analysis. In the second stage, the multi-objective optimization algorithm is used to establish the scale model of the container, and the scale model of the design is verified. In the third stage, the finite element method is used to further understand the influence of each design variables on the dynamic response of container stack. Under different motion excitations, the influence of each basic variables on the structural response and the load change on the critical points of the structure are determined. Meanwhile, the results of this study also show that the mathematical model constructed is effective and can reasonably predict the actual situation of container stacks stored on the ship’s deck.
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Pryse, Kenneth M., Teresa M. Abney, Guy M. Genin, and Elliot L. Elson. "Probing Cytoskeletal Mechanics Using Biochemical Inhibitors." In ASME 2010 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2010-19451.
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Quantifying the mechanics of the cytoskeletons of living cells is important for understanding several physiologic and pathologic cellular functions, such as wound healing and cellular migration in cancer. Our laboratory develops three-dimensional tissue constructs for assaying cytoskeletal mechanics in controlled conditions. These tissue constructs consist of defined components such as chick embryo fibroblasts and reconstituted rat tail collagen; fibroblasts remodel the collagen extracellular matrix (ECM) and develop a structural environment representative of that which would exist in a natural tissue. Our protocol for quantifying the microscale mechanics of the proteins that comprise the cytoskeleton involves mechanical testing of a tissue construct first in a bath that contains nutrition medium to support the active physiologic functioning of the cells, and next in the presence of inhibitors that selectively eliminate specific cytoskeletal structures. By solving an inverse homogenization problem, the mechanical functioning of these proteins at the cellular level can be estimated. Here, we present a combination of mechanical testing and imaging results to quantify the effects of specific inhibitors on cytoskeletal and extracellular matrix form and function.
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Kharel, Prabhuti, Likitha Somasekhar, Kevin Fernando, and Kunal Mitra. "Self-Contained 3D Bioprinter for Cardiovascular and Cancer Research." In 2019 Design of Medical Devices Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dmd2019-3302.
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Bioprinting is a 3D fabrication technology used to accurately dispense cell-laden biomaterials for the fabrication of complex 3D functional living tissues. A syringe-based extrusion (SBE) deposition method comprising of multiple nozzles is integrated into the system. This allows for a wider selection of biomaterials that can be used for the formation of the extracellular matrix (ECM). The 3D bioprinting system presented in this paper aims to facilitate the process of 3D bioprinting through its ability to control the environmental parameters within an enclosed printing chamber. The primary objective of this research is to print viable 3D tissue constructs seeded with cells with high structural integrity and high resolution.
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Jenkins, Jon, Tony Gaffka, and Steve Withers. "Transactive-20 Container for Transporting Large Volumes of Intermediate Level Waste." In ASME 2003 9th International Conference on Radioactive Waste Management and Environmental Remediation. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2003-4751.
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AEA Technology has commissioned the Transactive-20 container to transport large quantities of intermediate level waste (ILW). The container was designed and built by RWE NUKEM and has the appearance of a standard ISO freight container approximately 6m long × 2.4m wide × 2.6m high (20’ × 8’ × 8’ 6”). Inside it is a tubular stainless steel pressure vessel, 5.5m long × 1.9m diameter, that enables great flexibility in the payload type, for example: • up to thirty standard 227 litre (55 US gallon) drums of contact-handled ILW (CHILW); • up to five 500 litre drums of CHILW; • multiple packages of remote-handled ILW (RHILW). A variety of other desings of internal furniture can be developed to accommodate inner containers to meet specific customer requirements such as pallets of bulk items, glovebox waste or drums of radioactive liquid. The maximum gross payload is 6.5 tonnes, which is equivalent in practice to about 4 tonnes of CHILW. The maximum laden weight is 26 tonnes. The package is approved to IAEA Type B (U) F standards for transporting up to 3kg of fissile material. This paper describes the design and operation of Transactive-20 and our experience of transporting plutonium-contaminated material (PCM) between UKAEA’s Winfrith and Harwell sites. The loading system enables the container to remain on the transport vehicle during the whole of the load/transport/unload/transport cycle between the sites and therefore minimises turnaround time. For the operation described here, UKAEA lifts six standard 227litre drums into a circular aluminium container, known as a ‘carousel’, which is then closed and turned automatically through 90° for loading into Transactive’s inner vessel. Five such carousels are loaded in this way and locked firmly in place, before bolting on the lid and leak testing the vessel. A hydraulically-driven outer door is then closed and fastened to make the package ready for transport. Unloading is a straightforward reverse sequence of the loading operation. This paper describes in detail the design of the Transactive-20 and our operational experience with PCM and other fissile CHILW outlined above. It also outlines our plans to use the container for remote-handled ILW (RHILW). For example, a carousel has been constructed to move spent 60Co or 137Cs sources from medical, educational or industrial irradiators to a centralised long-term storage facility.
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Kövér, Miroslav, and Werner Stich. "The Waste Treatment Centre for Low- and Intermediate Waste (BSC - RAO) and Final Disposal of Conditioned Waste in Slovakia in Operation Since March 2000." In ASME 2001 8th International Conference on Radioactive Waste Management and Environmental Remediation. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2001-1124.
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Abstract On the site of the Slovak Nuclear Power Plant Bohunice a complete Waste Treatment Center for low and intermediate solid and liquid waste constructed. The facilities for volume reduction and further treatment are the incinerator, the high-force compactor and the evaporator. The facility for conditioning the waste is the cementation where the final product — filled concrete containers as the accepted waste package for long-term storage — is produced. The containers are transported to the Slovak Surface Repository for low and intermediate waste. Since March 2000, both projects are in hot operation. The first storage boxes are filled with the containers. First results gained during the first operation phase of the Waste Treatment Center will be discussed.
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Manning, Thomas J., Byron A. Hof, and Douglas E. Hof. "A Self Contained, Variable Gas Inductively Coupled Plasma." In High Resolution Fourier Transform Spectroscopy. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/hrfts.1989.tub7.
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Various lamps have been used by spectroscopists to study the electronic structure of their respective species. Two of the more common lamps in use are Electrodeless Discharge Lamps (EDLs) and Hollow Cathode Lamps (HCLs). Microwave and radiofrequency excited EDLs have temperatures in the 400-600 K range, pressures in the 0.1-10 torr range and a common excitation frequency of 2450 MHz. The maximum power is 150 W. They are constructed from quartz tubing measuring 10 mm in diameter and 30 mm in length. HCL's are typified by low gas temperatures (400-500 K) and low pressures (0.1-10 torr). Both EDLs and HCLs are produced commercially.
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Seeman, Nadrian C. "DNA: Not Merely the Secret of Life." In ASME 2010 First Global Congress on NanoEngineering for Medicine and Biology. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/nemb2010-13211.
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DNA is well-known as the genetic material of living organisms. Its most prominent feature is that it contains information that enables it to replicate itself. This information is contained in the well-known Watson-Crick base pairing interactions, adenine with thymine and guanine with cytosine. The double helical structure that results from this complementarity has become a cultural icon of our era. To produce species more diverse than the DNA double helix, we use the notion of reciprocal exchange, which leads to branched molecules. The topologies of these species are readily programmed through sequence selection; in many cases, it is also possible to program their structures. Branched species can be connected to one another using the same interactions that genetic engineers use to produce their constructs, cohesion by molecules tailed in complementary single-stranded overhangs, known as ‘sticky ends.’ Such sticky-ended cohesion is used to produce N-connected objects and lattices [1]. This notion is shown in the drawing, which shows cohesion between sticky-ended branched species.
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Rungamornrat, Jaroon, Mary F. Wheeler, and Xiuli Gai. "Weakly-Singular Integral Equations for Steady State Flow in Anisotropic Porous Media Containing Discontinuity Surfaces." In ASME 2005 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2005-80299.
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In this paper, we present the development of the weakly-singular, weak-form fluid pressure and fluid flux integral equations for steady state Darcy’s flow in porous media. The integral equation for fluid flux is required for the treatment of flow in a domain which contains surfaces of discontinuities (e.g. cracks and impermeable surfaces), since the pressure integral equation contains insufficient information about the fluid flux on the surface of discontinuity. In this work, a systematic technique has been established to regularize the conventional fluid pressure and fluid flux integral equations in which the pressure equation contains a Cauchy singular kernel and the fluid flux equation contains both Cauchy and strongly-singular kernels. The key step in the regularization procedure is to construct a special decomposition for the fluid velocity fundamental solution and the strongly-singular kernel such that it is well-suited for performing an integration by parts via Stokes’ theorem. These decompositions involve weakly-singular kernels where their explicit form can be constructed, for general anisotropic permeability tensors, by the integral transform method. The resulting integral equations possess several features: they contain only weakly-singular kernels of order 1/r; their validity requires only that the pressure boundary data is continuous; and they are applicable for modeling fluid flow in porous media with a general anisotropic permeability tensor. A suitable combination of these weakly-singular, weak-form integral equations gives rise to a symmetric weak-form integral equation governing the boundary valued problem, thereby forming a basis for the weakly-singular, symmetric Galerkin boundary element method (SGBEM). As a consequence of that the integral equations are weakly-singular, the SGBEM allows standard C° elements to be employed everywhere in the discretization.
Reports on the topic "Containers as constructs"
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McElwain, Terry F., Eugene Pipano, Guy H. Palmer, Varda Shkap, Stephn A. Hines, and Wendy C. Brown. Protection of Cattle against Babesiosis: Immunization against Babesia bovis with an Optimized RAP-1/Apical Complex Construct. United States Department of Agriculture, September 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1999.7573063.bard.
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Previous research and current efforts at control of babesiosis fall short of meeting the needs of countries where the disease is endemic, such as Israel, as well as the needs of exporting countries and countries bordering on endemic areas, such as the U.S. Our long-term goal is to develop improved methods of immunization against bovine babesiosis based on an understanding of the molecular mechanisms of immune protection and parasite targets of a protective immune response. In our previous BARD project, we established the basis for focusing on rhoptry antigens as components of a subunit vaccine against bovine babesiosis, and for additional research to better characterize rhoptry associated protein-1 (RAP-1) as a target of protective immunity. In this continuation BARD project, our objectives were to [1] optimize the immune response against RAP-1, and [2] identify additional rhoptry candidate vaccine antigens. The entire locus encoding B. bovis RAP-1 was sequenced, and the rap-1 open reading frame compared among several strains. Unlike B. bigemina, in which multiple gene copies with variant domains encode RAP-1, the B. bovis RAP-1 locus contains only two identical genes which are conserved among strains. Through testing of multiple truncated constructs of rRAP-1, one or more immunodominant T cell epitopes were mapped to the amino terminal half of RAP-1. At least one linear and one conformational B cell epitope have been demonstrated in the same amino terminal construct, which in B. bigemina RAP-1 also contains an epitope recognized by neutralizing antibody. The amine terminal half of the molecule represents the most highly conserved part of the gene family and contains motifs conserved broadly among the apicomplexa. In contrast, the carboxy terminal half of B. bovis RAP-1 is less well conserved and contains multiple repeats encoding a linear B cell epitope potentially capable of inducing an ineffective, T cell independent, type 2 immune response. Therefore, we are testing an amino terminal fragment of RAP-1 (RAP-1N) in an immunization trial in cattle. Cattle have beer immunized with RAP-1N or control antigen, and IL-12 with Ribi adjuvant. Evaluation of the immune response is ongoing, and challenge with virulent B. bovis will occur in the near future. While no new rhoptry antigens were identified, our studies did identify and characterize a new spherical body antigen (SBP3), and several heat shock proteins (HSP's). The SBP3 and HSP21 antigens stimulate T cells from immune cattle and are considered new vaccine candidates worthy of further testing. Overall, we conclude that a single RAP-1 vaccine construct representing the conserved amino terminal region of the molecule should be sufficient for immunization against all strains of B. bovis. While results of the ongoing immunization trial will direct our next research steps, results at this time are consistent with our long term goal of designing a subunit vaccine which contains only the epitopes relevant to induction of protective immunity. Parallel studies are defining the mechanisms of protective immunity. Apicomplexan protozoa, including babesiosis and malaria, cause persistent diseases for which control is inadequate. The apical organelles are defining features of these complex protozoa, and have been conserved through the evolutionary process, Past and current BARD projects on babesiosis have established the validity and potential of exploiting these conserved organelles in developing improved control methods applicable to all apicomplexan diseases.
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Willi, Joseph, Keith Stakes, Jack Regan, and Robin Zevotek. Evaluation of Ventilation-Controlled Fires in L-Shaped Training Props. UL's Firefighter Safety Research Institute, October 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.54206/102376/mijj9867.
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Investigations of recent firefighter line of duty deaths caused by rapid fire progression have highlighted a deficiency in firefighters’ understanding of how certain tactics affect the fire dynamics of ventilation-controlled fires. Many fires are in a ventilation-limited, decay state by the time firefighters arrive at the scene, meaning that introducing additional ventilation to the environment has the potential to cause rapid and intense fire growth. To more effectively teach firefighters about the potential effects of ventilation on a compartment fire, ventilation-controlled fires should be gener- ated during training. Safely creating such fires while maintaining compliance with NFPA 1403: Standard on Live-Fire Training Evolutions allows instructors to educate students on this important principle of fire dynamics in the training environment. Structures utilized for live-fire training have evolved from typical concrete burn buildings to now include smaller purpose-built props, like those constructed from steel shipping containers or wood and gypsum board. Such props have been embraced by organizations due to their cost-effectiveness and potential to improve fire behavior training. Obtaining a thorough understanding of the capa- bilities and limitations of such props is critical for instructors to convey accurate messages during training and properly prepare firefighters for scenarios they’ll encounter in the field. Experiments were conducted to quantify the fire environment in L-shaped props with different wall constructions. One prop had an interior wall lining of gypsum board over wood studs and fiberglass insulation. The two other props were constructed from metal shipping containers with corrugated steel walls; one had ceilings and walls comprised solely of the corrugated steel, while the other had ceilings and walls comprised of rolled steel sheeting over mineral wool insulation with the corrugated steel wall as its backing. Three fuel packages were compared between the props: one contained furnishings mainly composed of synthetic materials and foam plastics; another contained wooden pallets and straw; and the third contained wooden pallets, straw, and oriented strand board (OSB). A stochastic approach was used to compare data between replicate tests and quantify the repeatability of the different props and fuel packages, all of which were deemed sufficiently repeatable. Comparisons of data between the three props revealed that thermal conditions between experiments in the two metal props were indistinguishable, suggesting that the additional layer of insulation did not significantly alter the fire environment. Additionally, thermal conditions in the gypsum-lined prop were more severe than those in the metal props. The effects of ventilation changes on fire conditions were also analyzed across various prop and fuel load combinations. Lastly, the response of the thermal environment in each prop during interior suppression was evaluated, and the results implied that the thermal exposure to the firefighter was more severe in the metal props than the gypsum prop for a brief period following the start of suppression.
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Mawassi, Munir, Adib Rowhani, Deborah A. Golino, Avichai Perl, and Edna Tanne. Rugose Wood Disease of Grapevine, Etiology and Virus Resistance in Transgenic Vines. United States Department of Agriculture, November 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2003.7586477.bard.
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Rugose wood is a complex disease of grapevines, which occurs in all growing areas. The disease is spread in the field by vector transmission (mealybugs). At least five elongated-phloem- limited viruses are implicated in the various rugose wood disorders. The most fully characterized of these are Grapevine virus A (GV A) and GVB, members of a newly established genus, the vitivirus. GVC, a putative vitivirus, is much less well characterized than GV A or GVB. The information regarding the role of GVC in the etiology and epidemiology of rugose wood is fragmentary and no sequence data for GVC are available. The proposed research is aimed to study the etiology and epidemiology of rugose wood disease, and to construct genetically engineered virus-resistant grapevines. The objectives of our proposed research were to construct transgenic plants with coat protein gene sequences designed to induce post-transcriptional gene silencing (pTGS); to study the epidemiology and etiology of rugose wood disease by cloning and sequencing of GVC; and surveying of rugose wood- associated viruses in Californian and Israeli vineyards. In an attempt to experimentally define the role of the various genes of GV A, we utilized the infectious clone, inserted mutations in every ORF, and studied the effect on viral replication, gene expression, symptoms and viral movement. We explored the production of viral RNAs in a GV A-infected Nicotiana benthamiana herbaceous host, and characterized one nested set of three 5'-terminal sgRNAs of 5.1, 5.5 and 6.0 kb, and another, of three 3'-terminal sgRNAs of 2.2, 1.8 and 1.0 kb that could serve for expression of ORFs 2-3, respectively. Several GV A constructs have been assembled into pCAMBIA 230 I, a binary vector which is used for Angrobacterium mediated transformation: GV A CP gene; two copies of the GV A CP gene arranged in the same antisense orientation; two copies of the GV A CP gene in which the downstream copy is in an antigens orientation; GV A replicase gene; GV A replicase gene plus the 3' UTR sequence; and the full genome of GV A. Experiments for transformation of N. benthamiana and grapevine cell suspension with these constructs have been initiated. Transgenic N. benthamiana plants that contained the CP gene, the replicase gene and the entire genome of GV A were obtained. For grapevine transformation, we have developed efficient protocols for transformation and successfully grapevine plantlets that contained the CP gene and the replicase genes of GV A were obtained. These plants are still under examination for expression of the trans genes. The construction of transgenic plants with GV A sequences will provide, in the long run, a means to control one of the most prevalent viruses associated with grapevines. Our many attempts to produce a cDNA library from the genome of GVC failed. For surveying of rugose wood associated viruses in California vineyards, samples were collected from different grape growing areas and tested by RT-PCR for GV A, GVB and GVD. The results indicated that some of the samples were infected with multiple viruses, but overall, we found higher incidence of GVB and GV A infection in California vineyards and new introduction varieties, respectively. In this research we also conducted studies to increase our understanding of virus - induced rootstock decline and its importance in vineyard productivity. Our results provided supporting evidence that the rootstock response to virus infection depends on the rootstock genotype and the virus type. In general, rootstocks are differ widely in virus susceptibility. Our data indicated that a virus type or its combination with other viruses was responsible in virus-induced rootstock decline. As the results showed, the growth of the rootstocks were severely affected when the combination of more than one virus was present.
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Berry, Terri-Ann, Jordan H. D. Chiswell, Shannon L. Wallis, and Roger Birchmore. The Effect of Airtightness on Indoor Air Quality in Timber Houses in New Zealand. Unitec ePress, December 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.34074/ocds.92017.
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This two-part study considers the impact of airtightness based on volatile organic compounds (VOCs) only. Two identical buildings (test and control) were constructed in Auckland, New Zealand. The test building contained an Intello vapour check membrane to reduce air-flow and subsequent heat loss. Air change rates (air changes per hour, or ACH) were calculated from air-leakage rates in each of the buildings. Data analysis demonstrated that the VOC levels in the test house were consistently higher than those established in the control house.
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Adams, Sunny, and Madison Story. Architectural survey of eight Ohio Army National Guard armories, 1971–1977. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), May 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/47092.
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This document is an architectural survey of eight armories, seven field maintenance shops (FMS; three detached and four attached to the armory), and ten metal storage buildings utilized by the Ohio Army National Guard (OHARNG), located across the state of Ohio. The armories and OMS were constructed or received extensive renovation and additions between 1971 and 1977, while the majority of the metal storage buildings were constructed in the 1980s. This survey satisfies Section 110 of the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966 (NHPA) as amended and was used to recommend the eligibility of these buildings and structures for inclusion on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP). It is the recommendation of this report that two armories; Alliance Armory (1976) and Xenia Armory (1975) and one associated support building; Xenia motor storage building (1975) are significant under National Register of Historic Places criteria and retain enough integrity to be individually eligible for the NRHP. Volume II of this report is published separately and contains the ERDC-CERL architectural survey forms.
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Clark, Todd E., Gergely Ganics, and Elmar Mertens. What is the predictive value of SPF point and density forecasts? Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland, November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.26509/frbc-wp-202237.
Full textAbstract:
This paper presents a new approach to combining the information in point and density forecasts from the Survey of Professional Forecasters (SPF) and assesses the incremental value of the density forecasts. Our starting point is a model, developed in companion work, that constructs quarterly term structures of expectations and uncertainty from SPF point forecasts for quarterly fixed horizons and annual fixed events. We then employ entropic tilting to bring the density forecast information contained in the SPF’s probability bins to bear on the model estimates. In a novel application of entropic tilting, we let the resulting predictive densities exactly replicate the SPF’s probability bins. Our empirical analysis of SPF forecasts of GDP growth and inflation shows that tilting to the SPF’s probability bins can visibly affect our model-based predictive distributions. Yet in historical evaluations, tilting does not offer consistent benefits to forecast accuracy relative to the model-based densities that are centered on the SPF’s point forecasts and reflect the historical behavior of SPF forecast errors. That said, there can be periods in which tilting to the bin information helps forecast accuracy. Replication files are available at https://github.com/elmarmertens/ClarkGanicsMertensSPFfancharts
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Kapulnik, Yoram, Maria J. Harrison, Hinanit Koltai, and Joseph Hershenhorn. Targeting of Strigolacatones Associated Pathways for Conferring Orobanche Resistant Traits in Tomato and Medicago. United States Department of Agriculture, July 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2011.7593399.bard.
Full textAbstract:
This proposal is focused on examination of two plant interactions: parasitic with Orobanche, and symbiosis with arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi (AMF), and the involvement of a newly define plant hormones, strigolactones (SLs), in these plant interactions. In addition to strigolactones role in regulation of above-ground plant architecture, they are also known to be secreted from roots, and to be a signal for seed germination of the parasitic plants Orobanche. Moreover, secreted strigolactones were recognized as inducers of AMFhyphae branching. The present work was aimed at Generation of RNAi mutants of both tomato and Medicago, targeting multiple genes that may be involved in strigolactone production, carotenoid biosynthesis pathway, Pi signaling or other metabolic pathways, and hence affect AMF colonization and/or Orobanche resistance. Following the newly formed and existing RNAi mutants were examined for AMF colonization and Orobanche resistance. At the first phase of this project Orobanche seed germination assays and AMF colonization were examined in intact plants. These assays were shown to be effective and resulted with enhancement of Orobanche seed germination and AMF colonization in WT tomato plants, whereas roots of strigolactones impaired lines did not result with Orobanche seed germination and mycorrhiza colonization. Unexpectedly, root organ cultures (ROC) that were produced from the same wild type (WT) and mutant lines did not induce the Orobanche seed germination and AMFhyphal branching. This implies that under in vitro conditions ROC cultures are missing an important component for induction of Orobanche seed germination and AMFhyphal branching. In another line of experiments we have tested transgenic lines of Medicagotruncatula for AMFhuyphal branching and Orobanche seed germination assays. These lines included lines silenced for a GRAS transcription factor (RNAi 1845), an NBS-LRR type resistance gene (RNAi 1847), a kinase (RNAi 2403) and a protein of unknown function (RNAi 2417). In all cases, five independent transgenic root lines showed altered AMFphenotypes with reduced or aberrant colonization patterns. Following, we transformed tomato plants with the M. truncatulaTC 127050 PhosphoinositidekinaseRNAi construct. Transgenic lines that contained GUS constructs were used as control. All transgenic lines showed reduced level of Orobanche seed germination, masking any strigoalctones-specific effect. The research demonstrated that SLs production may not be examined in ROC –based bioassays. It was shown by the 3 independent assays employed in this project that none of the recognized characters of SLs may be reflected in these bioassays. However, when the whole plant root exudates were examined, SLs activity in root exudates was demonstrated. Hence, it can be concluded that the presence of an intact shoot, and possibly, shoot factors, may be necessary for production of SLs in roots. Another point of interest that rises from these results is that the presence of SLs is not necessary for AMF completion of life cycle. Hence, it may be concluded that SLs are important for AMFhyphal branching, before symbiosis, but not essential for AMF colonization and life cycle completion under ROC system conditions.
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Zarillo, Gary, Sara Ramos, Kristopher Effinger, Kristen Becker, Irene Watts, Katherine Brutsché, Brian McFall, and Douglas Krafft. Evaluating cross-shore sediment grain size distribution, sediment transport, and morphological evolution of a nearshore berm at Fort Myers Beach, Florida. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/43780.
Full textAbstract:
Navigation channels are periodically dredged to maintain safe depths. Dredged sediment was historically placed in upland management areas or in offshore disposal areas. Florida state law prohibits placement of beach fill sediment that contains more than 10% by weight of silt and clay, which is typically a characteristic of dredged material. An alternative is placement in a nearshore berm. Some potential benefits of nearshore berms include wave energy dissipation, reduced cost of dredging and shore protection, and possible onshore movement of the berm material. This study considers sediment distribution, morphological evolution, sediment transport, and shoreline trends along Fort Myers Beach, Florida, related to the nearshore berm constructed in August 2016. Due to timing of the field study, this report also includes information on the influence of a major hurricane that impacted the area. The overall conclusion of this study is that the dredge-sourced sediment in the berm performed as expected. Within 2 years, the berm adjusted to the shoreface environment, maintained a large part of its original volume, and contributed to protection of the beach and shoreline. The impact of Hurricane Irma included a shift in sediment textures and a large but temporary increase in shoreface sediment volumes.
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Punjabi, Maitri, Julianne Norman, Lauren Edwards, and Peter Muyingo. Using ACASI to Measure Gender-Based Violence in Ugandan Primary Schools. RTI Press, March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2021.rb.0025.2104.
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School-related gender-based violence (SRGBV) remains difficult to measure because of high sensitivity and response bias. However, most SRGBV measurement relies on face-to-face (FTF) survey administration, which is susceptible to increased social desirability bias. Widely used in research on sensitive topics, Audio Computer-Assisted Self-Interview (ACASI) allows subjects to respond to pre-recorded questions on a computerized device, providing respondents with privacy and confidentiality. This brief contains the findings from a large-scale study conducted in Uganda in 2019 where primary grade 3 students were randomly selected to complete surveys using either ACASI or FTF administration. The surveys covered school climate, gender attitudes, social-emotional learning, and experiences of SRGBV. Through this study, we find that although most survey responses were comparable between ACASI and FTF groups, the reporting of experiences of sexual violence differed drastically: 43% of students in the FTF group versus 77% of students in the ACASI group reported experiencing sexual violence in the past school term. We also find that factor structures are similar for data collected with ACASI compared with data collected FTF, though there is weaker evidence for construct validity for both administration modes. We conclude that ACASI is a valuable tool in measuring sensitive sub-topics of SRGBV and should be utilized over FTF administration, although further psychometric testing of these surveys is recommended.
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Sadot, Einat, Christopher Staiger, and Mohamad Abu-Abied. Studies of Novel Cytoskeletal Regulatory Proteins that are Involved in Abiotic Stress Signaling. United States Department of Agriculture, September 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2011.7592652.bard.
Full textAbstract:
In the original proposal we planned to focus on two proteins related to the actin cytoskeleton: TCH2, a touch-induced calmodulin-like protein which was found by us to interact with the IQ domain of myosin VIII, ATM1; and ERD10, a dehydrin which was found to associate with actin filaments. As reported previously, no other dehydrins were found to interact with actin filaments. In addition so far we were unsuccessful in confirming the interaction of TCH2 with myosin VIII using other methods. In addition, no other myosin light chain candidates were found in a yeast two hybrid survey. Nevertheless we have made a significant progress in our studies of the role of myosins in plant cells. Plant myosins have been implicated in various cellular activities, such as cytoplasmic streaming (1, 2), plasmodesmata function (3-5), organelle movement (6-10), cytokinesis (4, 11, 12), endocytosis (4, 5, 13-15) and targeted RNA transport (16). Plant myosins belong to two main groups of unconventional myosins: myosin XI and myosin VIII, both closely related to myosin V (17-19). The Arabidopsis myosin family contains 17 members: 13 myosin XI and four myosin VIII (19, 20). The data obtained from our research of myosins was published in two papers acknowledging BARD funding. To address whether specific myosins are involved with the motility of specific organelles, we cloned the cDNAs from neck to tail of all 17 Arabidopsis myosins. These were fused to GFP and used as dominant negative mutants that interact with their cargo but are unable to walk along actin filaments. Therefore arrested organelle movement in the presence of such a construct shows that a particular myosin is involved with the movement of that particular organelle. While no mutually exclusive connections between specific myosins and organelles were found, based on overexpression of dominant negative tail constructs, a group of six myosins (XIC, XIE, XIK, XI-I, MYA1 and MYA2) were found to be more important for the motility of Golgi bodies and mitochondria in Nicotiana benthamiana and Nicotiana tabacum (8). Further deep and thorough analysis of myosin XIK revealed a potential regulation by head and tail interaction (Avisar et al., 2011). A similar regulatory mechanism has been reported for animal myosin V and VIIa (21, 22). In was shown that myosin V in the inhibited state is in a folded conformation such that the tail domain interacts with the head domain, inhibiting its ATPase and actinbinding activities. Cargo binding, high Ca2+, and/or phosphorylation may reduce the interaction between the head and tail domains, thus restoring its activity (23). Our collaborative work focuses on the characterization of the head tail interaction of myosin XIK. For this purpose the Israeli group built yeast expression vectors encoding the myosin XIK head. In addition, GST fusions of the wild-type tail as well as a tail mutated in the amino acids that mediate head to tail interaction. These were sent to the US group who is working on the isolation of recombinant proteins and performing the in vitro assays. While stress signals involve changes in Ca2+ levels in plants cells, the cytoplasmic streaming is sensitive to Ca2+. Therefore plant myosin activity is possibly regulated by stress. This finding is directly related to the goal of the original proposal.