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Academic literature on the topic 'Contacts membranaires'
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Journal articles on the topic "Contacts membranaires"
Arab, Razika, Julie Sitolle, Jessica Ziga, and Marie-Pierre Golinelli-Cohen. "La glutathionylation de la protéine mitochondriale humaine MIA40 régule l’homéostasie des ROS." médecine/sciences 40, no. 2 (February 2024): 203–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/medsci/2023211.
Full textMechouk, C., A. Hauret, F. Khajehnouri, and P. Burnet. "Traitement des micropolluants en station de potabilisation." Techniques Sciences Méthodes, no. 6 (June 2019): 51–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/tsm/201906051.
Full textHelmer, C., A. Neveu, V. Hauchard, S. Hassanzadeh, and O. Danel. "Retour d’expérience sur la traitabilité d’une nitrosamine en production d’eau potable à l’échelle pilote." Techniques Sciences Méthodes, no. 6 (June 2019): 87–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/tsm/201906087.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Contacts membranaires"
Abou, Zeid Nancy. "Régulation de la paxilline, un composant majeur des contacts focaux, pendant la migration cellulaire." Paris 6, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA066228.
Full textÖztürk, Öznur. "Dissection of ERMES functions during mitophagy in the yeast S. cerevisiae." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023SORUS101.
Full textN the yeast S. cerevisiae, the ERMES complex (ER Mitochondria Encounter Complex) is involved in the establishment of contacts between the ER and the mitochondria. It is composed of several membrane proteins including Mmm1 in the ER, Mdm34 and Mdm10 on the outer mitochondrial membrane and a soluble protein Mdm12, which connects the two structures. Our laboratory has shown that two components of the ERMES complex, Mdm34 and Mdm12, are ubiquitinated by the ubiquitin ligase Rsp5, in particular, after mitophagy induction. They also showed that this ubiquitination is necessary for efficient mitophagy and that a defect of ubiquitination of the ERMES complex reduces mitophagy. During my thesis, I tried to understand how the ubiquitination of the ERMES complex could affect/regulate mitophagy. Overall, our results provide new insights into the molecular mechanism of ERMES action during mitophagy
Petit, Jules. "Membrane Tethering in Plant Intercellular Communication : Structure-Function of Multiple C2 domains and Transmembrane Region Proteins (MCTP) at Plasmodesmata ER-PM Membrane Contact Site." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2022. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-03789611.
Full textPlant multicellularity relies on intercellular communication in order to transmit information from cell to cell and throughout the entire plant body. In land plants, the major line for such cellular conversations is through plasmodesmata (PD) pores, which are nanoscopic membranous tunnels spanning the pecto-cellulosic cell wall. These pores are indeed involved in the transfer of a wide variety of molecules such as transcription factors, RNAs, hormones and metabolites during all stages of plant life, adaptation and responses to their environment. PD are singular amongst other types of intercellular junctions as they provide a direct continuity of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), the plasma membrane (PM) and the cytosol between neighboring cells. Their architectural organization can be summarized as followed: a thin strand of constricted ER, called desmotubule, is encased in a tube of PM lining the cell wall. PD are seen as a specialized ER-PM membrane contact sites from the very close apposition (2 to 10 nm) of the ER and PM membranes and the presence of tethering elements bridging the two organelles. In this study, we describe the structural organization and function of several members of the MCTP (Multiple C2 domains and Transmembrane region Protein) family which act as ER-PM tethering elements at PD. We show that these proteins possess molecular features capable of transient interaction with anionic lipids of the PM, through their C2 domains, as well as ER membrane shaping, through their transmembrane region which presents homology to a reticulon domain. We further correlate MCTP function with PD architecture and biogenesis, and investigate on the role of the ER inside PD. Altogether, this work provides original data placing MCTPs as core PD proteins that appear to be crucial in the establishment of PD ultrastructure and associated functions
Perfilov, Viacheslav. "Modèles mathématiques des procédés de séparation membranaire." Thesis, Montpellier, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018MONTG037/document.
Full textIn this work have been developed general predictive models for direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD) and sweeping gas membrane distillation (SGMD) as well as a hydrodynamic model for anaerobic membrane bioreactors (AnMBRs) equipped with the induced membrane vibration (MMV) system. The DCMD and SGMD models allow simulating hollow fibre and flat sheet configurations under wide range of process conditions without empirical mass and heat transfer coefficients or laboratory experiments. The models have been validated with experimental and literature data. Indeed, the influence of operating conditions and membrane geometric characteristics on the process performance has been investigated. The model for AnMBRs with MMV studies the effect of the membrane vibration on the hydrodynamics of the AnMBR tank. The parametric study allows knowing, the effects of the vibration frequency and amplitude on the fluid velocity and volume fraction of solids. The conducted studies prove that all the proposed models would be potentially applied for the pre-experimental study, optimization of process conditions, design of membrane modules as well as for the further cost estimation of the processes
Di, Mattia Thomas. "Identification et caractérisation de la protéine MOSPD2, un bâtisseur de sites de contact membranaire impliquant le réticulum endoplasmique." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019STRAJ043.
Full textMembrane contact sites (MCS) are specific subcellular regions where two organelles are physically connected. Such micro-domains - molecularly defined by protein-protein and/or protein membrane interactions - are involved in organelle dynamic and inter-organelle communication. The field of MCS is constantly expanding thanks to the discovery of new molecular actors involved in organelle tethering. In this context of research, we identified MOSPD2 (motile sperm domain-containing protein 2) as a new factor involved in the formation of MCS. The MOSPD2 protein is anchored to the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER); it is able to interact thanks to its MSP domain with other organelle-associated proteins which common feature is to have a short protein motif called FFAT. By binding with its protein partners, MOSPD2 establishes MCS between the ER and endosomes, mitochondria and the Golgi apparatus. These results show how a large net covering the entire cytoplasm made by the ER can trap a large variety of cellular organelles
Gallo, Alessandra. "Role of non-vesicular secretion in neuronal development." Thesis, Université de Paris (2019-....), 2019. https://theses.md.univ-paris-diderot.fr/GALLO_Alessandra_va.pdf.
Full textThe growth of neurites during neuronal development requires a massive increase of surface area via the insertion of new proteins and lipids. This event occurs through the fusion of secretory vesicles with the plasma membrane (PM), the final step of the secretory pathway. Recently, non-vesicular transfer of lipids at contacts between endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and PM was shown to contribute to membrane expansion. Members of the ER-integral membrane protein Extended-Synaptotagmin (E-Syt) family have been identified as Ca2+-dependent lipid transfer proteins at ER-PM contact sites, and shown to transfer glycerophospholipids via their lipid binding domains. The laboratory previously found that a novel ER-PM SNARE complex, composed of the ER-resident Sec22b and the neuronal plasmalemmal Stx1, is involved in neurite growth despite being unable to mediate membrane fusion. However, how this complex participates to neurite extension remained to be elucidated. In yeast, Sec22 interacts with lipid transfer proteins of the OSH family, enriched at the ER- PM contacts, supporting a role for Sec22b-populated ER- PM junctions in non-vesicular lipid transport between these bilayers. Based on these observations, our starting hypothesis was that E-Syts-mediated non-vesicular lipid transfer at Sec22b-populated ER-PM contacts, might contribute to neurite growth. The goal of my PhD was to explore this hypothesis with two specific questions: 1-What are the partners of Sec22b complexes which might be involved in the unconventional mechanisms of membrane expansion? 2-What is the mechanism whereby the non-fusogenic SNARE Sec22b/Stx1 complex acts in neuronal development?Here we show that Sec22b interacts with E-Syt2 and Stx1 in PC12 cells and with E-Syt2, E-Syt3 and Stx3 in HeLa cells. Overexpression of E-Syt2 stabilized Sec22b-Stx3 association, whereas silencing of E-Syt2 had the opposite effect. Overexpression of E-Syt2 full length, but not the mutant forms which are unable to transfer lipids or attach to the ER, increased the formation of filopodia particularly in the growing axon. Finally, this effect was inhibited by a clostridial neurotoxin cleaving Stx1, by the expression of Sec22b Longin domain and a by a Sec22b mutant with extended linker between SNARE and transmembrane domains.In conclusion, these results support the hypothesis that Sec22b/Stx1 junctions may contribute to membrane expansion via an interaction with phospholipid transfer proteins like E-Syts
Jemaiel, Aymen. "Etude du trafic membranaire vésiculaire et non-vésiculaire chez la levure." Thesis, Paris 11, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA112348/document.
Full textEukaryotic cells are characterized by their internal membrane compartmentalization, with the various specialized organelles of the cell bounded by lipid membranes. Communication between different cellular compartments occurs via two transport pathways: vesicular transport and non-vesicular transport. Vesicular transport carries both proteins and lipids from one compartment to another in cells, whereas non-vesicular transport carries only lipids. An emerging idea is the important role that lipids play in cellular organization. Lipid binding amphipathic helices such as the ALPS (amphipathic lipid packing sensor) motif are targeted to membranes of a specific lipid composition, and hence act to transfer information encoded in membrane lipids to the vesicle trafficking machinery. The lipid composition of the membranes of different organelles is therefore of great importance. One mechanism that cells use to maintain the distinct lipid compositions of organelles is lipid transport, which occurs preferentially at membrane contact sites (MCS). MCS are regions of close appositions, on the order of 10 to 30 nm, between two membranes, generally between the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and another organelle. In my thesis, I addressed two aspects of how lipids and their transport function in intracellular trafficking, using yeast as a model system. First, I studied amphipathic motifs that mediate targeting of proteins to specific compartments in cells. Lipid binding amphipathic helices were shown in a previous study in the laboratory to mediate specific targeting to distinct lipid environments via direct protein-lipid interactions, both in vitro and in cells. One of these, the ALPS motif, targets vesicles of the early secretory pathway. The other, alpha-synuclein, targets vesicles travelling between the late Golgi, the plasma membrane and endosomes. I studied new potential alpha-synuclein-like motifs in yeast proteins, and their roles in cells. In a second project, in collaboration with the laboratory of Dr. Thierry Galli, I studied new compenents involved in lipid metabolism at contact sites between the endoplasmic reticulum and the plasma membrane. Maja Petkovic in the laboratory of Thierry Galli made the important discovery that the ER-localized SNARE protein Sec22 interacts with a plasma membrane syntaxin in neurons, thus providing a novel mechanism for mediating close contact between these two membranes. I addressed the question of whether this mechanism is conserved in yeast. The results I obtained confirmed that yeast Sec22 is able to interact with a SNARE protein localized to the plasma membrane, Sso1. I found by co-immunoprecitation that Sec22 and Sso1 both interact with lipid transfer proteins localized to ER-plasma membrane contact sites. Using a specific probe for phosphatidylinositol-4 phosphate (PI4P), we showed that Sec22 was involved in regulating the level of PI4P at the plasma membrane. These results extend to yeast those obtained by Maja Petkovic, Thierry Galli and colleauges showing that Sec22 has a novel role at ER-plasma membrane contact sites, and suggest that this SNARE complex might be implicated in lipid transfer at these sites in yeast
Buytet, Sandrine. "Études numérique et expérimentale de l'auto-contact pour le déploiement quasi-statique des structures membranaires pressurisées." Nantes, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006NANT2105.
Full textThe deployment of membrane structures is an attractive research subject which interests particularly the spatial industry for its direct applications. This study is a significant challenge from the mechanical point of view, because of the various non linearities involved: the geometrical one due to finite deformations, the material one through a hyperelastic constitutive law of membranes, the inflation pressure which is a follower loading, and the contact-type boundary conditions. In this work, the deployment is dealt with in quasi-statics following two complementary studies : the experimentation and the numerical simulation. The experimentation contains two parts: (i) identification of the thermomechanical properties of the membrane materials by a contactless measure procedure; (ii) a series of deployment measurements conducted on folded tubes, subjected to different dead loads applied at their top side. The numerical development is carried out under the frictionless contact hypothesis by means of two distinct approaches: (i) the first uses the augmented Lagrangian version of the principle of virtual works, giving rise to the classical membrane finite element with contact; (ii) the second one -simpler and more suited for the problem in hand - consists in minimizing the penalized potential energy under a volume constraint. In both approaches, the implemented frictionless contact algorithms are validated through different examples of pressurized membranes in contact. Finally, the numerical results of the quasi-static deployment of folded tubes are compared with experimental results. The curves giving the deflection at the tip of the tube versus the internal pressure shows a good correlation between the measurement and the numerical model
Alsayyah, Cynthia. "Régulation de la fusion mitochondriale par le Système Ubiquitine Protéasome et les contacts physiques mitochondrie - peroxysomes chez la levure Saccharomyces cerevisiae." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris sciences et lettres, 2021. https://theses.hal.science/tel-03810525.
Full textMitochondria are highly dynamic organelles that undergo constant fission and fusion of their outer and inner membranes. These processes are critical to maintain essential mitochondrial functions such as oxidative phosphorylation or calcium signaling. On a molecular basis, mitochondrial fusion and fission both depend on large GTPases of the Dynamin-Related Protein (DRP) family. The DRPs that mediate attachment and fusion of mitochondrial outer membranes are called the Mitofusins. The yeast mitofusin Fzo1 is located in the mitochondrial outer membrane. Its oligomerization promotes mitochondrial tethering followed by mitochondrial outer membrane fusion. Fzo1 has recently been proposed as a potential tether between peroxisomes and mitochondria when overexpressed. However, whether Fzo1 is present on peroxisomal membranes in WT cells or whether this extra-mitochondrial localization is a consequence of overexpression is unknown. In addition, we still don’t know how peroxisomal and mitochondrial Fzo1 mediate these contacts and their purpose in the cell. In my thesis, we were able to prove that Fzo1 naturally localizes to peroxisomes and oligomerizes with the mitochondrial Fzo1 thus creating Fzo1-Fzo1 contacts between peroxisomes and mitochondria which we will now call “Fzo1-mediated permit” contacts. We found that these contacts are modulated by Fzo1 levels which are tightly regulated by an SCF ubiquitin ligase called Mdm30 but also depending on fatty acid desaturation levels in the cell. From a functional standpoint, we found that the role of Fzo1-mediated permit contacts is to regulate mitochondrial fusion through the glyoxylate cycle, a process which allows cells to convert C2 unit compounds to C4 precursors for amino acid and carbohydrate biosynthesis. We discovered that Fzo1-mediated permit contacts allow the mitochondrial transfer of early byproducts of the glyoxylate cycle to stimulate mitochondrial fusion. In fine, the results obtained during my thesis enriched our knowledge on organelle contacts and allowed us to prove that Fzo1 is localized on both mitochondrial and peroxisomal membranes in wild type cells. Our studies also show that Fzo1-mediated permit contacts are modulated according to the cell’s needs as they play a crucial role in upkeeping mitochondrial fusion by providing a possible shortcut for byproducts of the glyoxylate cycle to reach mitochondria when direly needed
Jamecna, Denisa. "Une région intrinsèquement désordonnée dans OSBP contrôle la géometrie et la dynamique du site de contact membranaire." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AZUR4229/document.
Full textOxysterol binding protein (OSBP) is a lipid transfer protein that regulates cholesterol distribution in cell membranes. OSBP consists of a pleckstrin homology (PH) domain, two coiled-coils, a “two phenylalanines in acidic tract” (FFAT) motif and a C-terminal lipid binding OSBP-Related Domain (ORD). The PH domain recognizes PI(4)P and small G protein Arf1-GTP at the Golgi, whereas the FFAT motif interacts with the ER-resident protein VAP-A. By binding all these determinants simultaneously, OSBP creates membrane contact sites between ER and Golgi, allowing the counter-transport of cholesterol and PI(4)P by the ORD. OSBP also contains an intrinsically disordered ~80 aa long N-terminal sequence, composed mostly of glycine, proline and alanine. We demonstrate that the presence of disordered N-terminus increases the Stoke’s radius of OSBP truncated proteins and limits their density and saturation level on PI(4)P-containing membrane. The N-terminus also prevents the two PH domains of OSBP dimer to symmetrically tether two PI(4)P-containing (Golgi-like) liposomes, whereas protein lacking the disordered sequence promotes symmetrical liposome aggregation. Similarly, we observe a difference in OSBP membrane distribution on tethered giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs), based on the presence/absence of N-terminus. Protein with disordered sequence is homogeneously distributed all over the GUV surface, whereas protein without N-terminus tends to accumulate at the interface between two PI(4)P-containing GUVs. This protein accumulation leads to local overcrowding, which is reflected by slow in-plane diffusion. The effect of N-terminus is also manifested in monomeric OSBPderived proteins that tether ER-like and Golgi-like membranes in the presence of VAP-A. Findings from our in vitro experiments are confirmed in living cells, where N-terminus controls the recruitment of OSBP on Golgi membranes, its motility and the on-and-off dynamics during lipid transfer cycles. Most OSBP-related proteins contain low complexity N-terminal sequences, suggesting a general effect