Relevant bibliographies by topics / Contact pressure

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Contact pressure'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 29 May 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Contact pressure"

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Biboulet, N., A. A. Lubrecht, and L. Houpert. "Contact pressure in indented elastohydrodynamic lubrication contacts." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part J: Journal of Engineering Tribology 222, no. 3 (March 2008): 415–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/13506501jet324.

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Biwa, Shiro, Yukiko Inoue, and Nobutada Ohno. "OS02W0060 Influence of contact pressure on guided wave propagation at contact interface." Abstracts of ATEM : International Conference on Advanced Technology in Experimental Mechanics : Asian Conference on Experimental Mechanics 2003.2 (2003): _OS02W0060. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeatem.2003.2._os02w0060.

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Greenwood, J. A. "Contact Pressure Fluctuations." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part J: Journal of Engineering Tribology 210, no. 4 (December 1996): 281–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/pime_proc_1996_210_509_02.

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Johns-Rahnejat, P. M., and R. Gohar. "Measuring contact pressure distributions under elastohydrodynamic point contacts." Tribotest 1, no. 1 (September 1994): 33–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/tt.3020010103.

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Gu, Yungao, Junfeng Li, Jing Yang, Haojie Xia, and Xue Chang. "Simulation Study of AC Contactor Dynamic Contacts Contact Pressure Based on ADAMS." MATEC Web of Conferences 22 (2015): 02024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/20152202024.

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Yang, Xiao Yan, You Gang Xiao, Xian Ming Lei, and Guo Xin Chen. "Contact Pressure of Loose-Fitted Tyre under Intermittent Contact." Advanced Materials Research 816-817 (September 2013): 1015–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.816-817.1015.

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The total loads between kiln support are transmitted to the shell cross-section at tyre as shearing forces. According to the character and the condition of shell deformation and force balance, the mathematical models of contact pressure have been set up between tyre and shell under intermittent contact. The contact zones and contact pressures between tyre and shell are solved when the support reactions and gaps are variable. The results show the contact pressures increase with the increase of support reactions and gaps, the contact zones are proportional to support reactions, and inversely proportional to the gaps, which provide the reason for sound axis alignment and gap design.
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IMADO, Keiji, Masuji NAGATOSHI, Atsuyoshi MIURA, and Hioomi MIYAGAWA. "Calculation of contact pressure in conformal contact." Proceedings of the JSME annual meeting 2003.4 (2003): 149–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemecjo.2003.4.0_149.

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Kim, Hyoungkyun, Seungmoon Choi, and Wan Kyun Chung. "Contact Force Decomposition Using Contact Pressure Distribution." IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters 2, no. 1 (January 2017): 290–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lra.2016.2598554.

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Smeeth, M., and H. A. Spikes. "Central and Minimum Elastohydrodynamic Film Thickness at High Contact Pressure." Journal of Tribology 119, no. 2 (April 1, 1997): 291–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2833204.

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A new optical technique has been developed which is able to obtain accurate film thickness profiles across elastohydrodynamic (EHD) contacts. This has been used in conjunction with a high pressure EHD test rig to obtain both central and minimum EHD film thicknesses at high contact pressures up to 3.5 GPa. The results have been compared with the classical film thickness equations of Hamrock and Dowson and also with recent high pressure computations due to Venner. It is found that minimum film thickness falls more rapidly with applied load at high than at low contact pressures, with a film thickness/load exponent of −0.3. This confirms the findings of recent high pressure computational EHD modeling.
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Muratov, K. R., T. R. Ablyaz, and E. A. Gashev. "Contact Pressure in Honing." Russian Engineering Research 40, no. 10 (October 2020): 859–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s1068798x20100160.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Contact pressure"

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Hric, George Richard III. "Contact Pressure Distribution Optimization." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/71645.

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A novel design technique that is used to optimize contact pressure distribution was introduced and investigated. The primary objective of this design tool, called the Predicted Displacement Method, was to provide a calculated contact surface shape alteration of a contact body that induces a uniform contact pressure across its entire nominal contact surface when pressed against its destination contact boundary at a specified magnitude. This technique was developed so it could be applied to any contact surface to spread out a once poorly distributed and localized contact pressure distribution. The methodology was detailed in this work and a proof of concept was conducted to test the idea's feasibility. The proof of concept supported the methodology's ability to shape a cantilevered beam so that it pressed against a semi-infinite space uniformly. This methodology was then applied to two relevant contact assemblies and resulted in uniform contact across each contact interface. The results also illustrated the ability to control contact magnitude and demonstrated improved contact distribution at magnitudes beyond the design value. The methodology presented in this work provides engineers with a analytical and numerical tool to improve contact pressure distribution between any contact surfaces. Possible future use of this methodology includes incorporation into engineering software packages for contact surface design.
Master of Science
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Haider, Christine Irmingard. "Particle contact mechanisms in pressure agglomeration." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2014. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/6995/.

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Ndiaye, Serigne Ndiaga. "Ultimate behavior of confined fluids under very high pressure and shear stress." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSEI104/document.

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L’étude du frottement dans les contacts lubrifiés fortement chargés est un sujet complexe. En effet, le frottement dépend fortement du comportement rhéologique du lubrifiant dans le centre du contact et, celui-ci n'est pas bien connu à pression et taux de cisaillement élevé. Diverses méthodes expérimentales ont été développées pour expliquer le comportement plateau dans les courbes de frottement, associé à l’existence d’une contrainte limite de cisaillement, mais aucune d'elles n'a fourni une image complète des mécanismes réels impliqués. Dans la continuité de ces efforts, des études sont présentées dans ce mémoire. Le premier défi dans ce travail est d'effectuer des mesures de frottement dans des conditions isothermes nominales, ce qui signifie que même si des effets thermiques doivent se produire dans toute mesure de frottement, il est possible de les minimiser et de rendre les résultats insensibles à une faible dissipation d'énergie dans le volume expérimental d'intérêt. La minimisation de l’échauffement du lubrifiant aide à se focaliser sur l’origine mécanique de la contrainte limite de cisaillement et de mieux caractériser sa dépendance à la pression et à la température. C'est pourquoi, tout d'abord, une série d'expériences a été réalisée sur deux lubrifiants, un diester pur (benzyl benzoate) et une huile minérale de turbine (Shell T9) avec des vitesses d'entraînement variables. Cela nous permet d'abord d'observer directement l'influence des effets thermiques sur les valeurs de la contrainte limite de cisaillement et ensuite, de déterminer les conditions expérimentales qui limitent ces effets tout en assurant un régime en film complet. Le deuxième objectif est de caractériser le comportement en frottement des lubrifiants sous conditions isothermes nominales et sur une large gamme de pression (jusqu'à 3 GPa) et de température (jusqu’à 80°C) afin d'établir un nouveau modèle découplé permettant de décrire la dépendance à la température et à la pression de la contrainte limite sous fortes charges. Enfin, l'étude se focalise sur la compréhension du comportement microscopique des lubrifiants dans des conditions extrêmes de cisaillement et de pression. Des mesures in situ de spectroscopie Raman et Brillouin ont été également effectuées sous conditions statiques, afin d'étudier le changement de phase du lubrifiant
Friction in highly loaded lubricated contacts is a complex issue. Indeed, it highly depends on the lubricant rheological behaviour in the Hertzian region, which is not well known under such high pressure and high shear stress. Various experimental methods have been developed to explain the plateau-like behaviour in friction curves referred to as the limiting shear stress (LSS), but none of them provided a full picture of the real mechanisms involved. In a continuation of these efforts, some investigations are presented in this manuscript. The first challenge in this work is to carry out friction measurements under nominal isothermal conditions, meaning that even if thermal effects must occur in any friction measurement, it is possible to minimize them and to make the results almost insensitive to a weak energy dissipation within the experimental volume of interest. Minimizing shear heating of the lubricant help us to focus on the mechanical origin of the LSS and to better characterize its dependence to pressure and temperature. That’s why, first of all, a series of experiments was performed on two lubricants, a pure diester fluid (benzyl benzoate), and a commercial turbine mineral oil (Shell T9) with varying entrainment velocities. This allow us first to directly observe the influence of the lubricant shear heating on the LSS values and then to determine the experimental conditions which limit this thermal effect while ensuring a full film regime. The second objective is to characterize the frictional behavior of both lubricants under nominal isothermal conditions and over a wide range of pressure (up to 3 GPa) and temperature (up to 80°C) in order to establish a new uncoupled model to describe the temperature and pressure dependence of the limiting shear stress under highly loaded conditions. Finally, the study focuses on the understanding of the microscopic behavior of lubricants under extreme shear and pressure conditions. In situ Raman and Brillouin spectroscopy investigations were also conducted under static conditions, in order to study the lubricant phase changes under various pressure and temperature conditions
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Radhakrishna, Smitha. "Commercialization of contact-free blood pressure monitoring technology." Cleveland, Ohio : Case Western Reserve University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=case1270228233.

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Hogue, Michael. "INSULATOR-INSULATOR CONTACT CHARGING AS A FUNCTION OF PRESSURE." Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2005. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/3284.

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Metal – metal and to an extent metal – insulator contact or triboelectric charging are well known phenomena with good theoretical understanding of the charge exchange mechanism. However, insulator – insulator charging is not as well understood. Theoretical and experimental research has been performed that shows that the surface charge on an insulator after triboelectric charging with another insulator is rapidly dissipated with lowered atmospheric pressure. This pressure discharge is consistent with surface ions being evaporated off the surface once their vapor pressure falls below the saturation vapor pressure. A two-phase equilibrium model based on an ideal gas of singly charged ions in equilibrium with a submonolayer adsorbed film was developed to describe the pressure dependence of the surface charge on an insulator. The resulting charge density equation is an electrostatic version of the Langmuir isotherm for adsorbed surface particles, which describes well the experimental observations.
Ph.D.
Department of Physics
Arts and Sciences
Physics
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Li, Wei 1967. "Determination of the relationship between thermal contact resistance and contact pressure based on their distributions." Thesis, McGill University, 1994. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=26402.

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Loading conditions in a machine structure usually cause the contact pressure at the joints to take the form of a distribution, which in turn causes thermal contact resistance to be position-dependent also.
In the experiments described in this thesis, two thin-plate specimens of steel under plane-stress loading conditions generating contact pressure distributions of various profiles at the interface, were subjected to a thermal field. Temperature measurements served as reference for the finite element modelling which, through consecutive iterations, provided the values for the thermal contact resistance distributions. Combined mechanical contact pressure and thermal contact stress distributions were considered at the interface.
The function representing the relationship between thermal contact resistance and contact pressure for various distributions was defined using the least squares method. It was revealed that although this relationship can be expressed by the single function for the whole experimental range, the deviations experienced for different slopes and forms of distributions (convex and concave), particularly noticeable for steep slopes at high contact pressure levels, could indicate the effect of macro-constriction resistance, however small its values according to the theoretical calculations might be.
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Qi, Haiming. "Analysis and design of a contact pressure distribution measuring system." Thesis, McGill University, 1987. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=64066.

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Mudumba, Ramakanth. "STRESS CONCENTRATION RESULTING FROM SMALL PARTICLES IN A CONTACT ZONE." UKnowledge, 2005. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_theses/352.

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The research on tribology and wear of the metals and composites has always been the topic of interest to understand the behavior and life of them. The wear of the materials with three-body contact has been of particular interest because the wear debris generated due to the wear and tear between the contact surfaces in constant motion will aggravate the wear rate of the contact surfaces. Hence it would be interesting to understand the stress distribution inside the materials with three-body contact. The current research presents the stress distribution within the materials which are in three-body contact modeling them as plain-strain problems with three different models viz., point force model, uniform pressure model and Hertzian Pressure model. The stress distribution of all the three cases are numerically computed and compared and the stress intensity factor is calculated in each case.
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Andersson, Andreas. "Measuring the contact pressure during sheet metal forming of automotive components." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen för maskinteknik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-20630.

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The competition in the car market in the world is continuously intensifying. To gain an advantage in the market while making a profit, each car manufacturer needs a strong focus on always improving in the technology development. It is not just technology of the cars that need development, but it is equally important to improve the manufacturing processes itself. In the end, this will result in more appealing products for the customer at a competitive cost. The aim and scope of this master thesis is to get a deeper understanding of the forces in the stamping die during sheet metal forming in manufacturing. By using strain gauges and microcontrollers, the forces during the entire forming process could be measured and analyzed. The relationship between the force on the pressure pins in the die and the length of the pressure pins was also investigated by adding shims on the pressure pins. A modular system using Arduino Uno with 3D-printed parts was developed to measure the forces in the blank holder during sheet metal forming. An Arduino software system and TeraTerm was found the most appropriate for collecting and organizing data from the strain gauge sensors and microcontrollers. Tests were then conducted using different settings of the press, and these showed that the forces in the blank holder were uneven. Adding shims to the pins so that they were all of equal length evened out the forces in the blank holder. Another test showed that adding more shims to only one of the pins increased the force in that pin, and that adding 0.5mm of shims to that pin more than doubled the maximum force. The system developed in this thesis can measure the forces in the blank holder during the sheet forming process at a lower speed of production. This system can also detect different force settings in the press. Lastly, it can also detect a difference in force for different pressure pin lengths.
Konkurrensen på bilmarknaden i världen intensifieras kontinuerligt. För att få en fördel påmarknaden samtidigt som de gör vinst måste varje biltillverkare ha ett starkt fokus på att alltid förbättrateknikutvecklingen. Det är inte bara bilens teknik som behöver utvecklas, utan det är lika viktigt attförbättra tillverkningsprocesserna i sig. I slutändan kommer detta att resultera i mer attraktiva produkterför kunden till ett konkurrenskraftigt pris. Syftet och omfattningen av detta examensarbete är att få en djupare förståelse av krafterna ipressverktyget under plåtformningprocessen. Genom att använda töjningsgivare och mikrokontrollerkunde krafterna under hela formningsprocessen mätas och analyseras. Förhållandet mellan kraften påmothållarpinnarna i verktyget och längden på pinnarna undersöktes också genom att lägga till shims påpinnarna. Ett modulsystem som använde Arduino Uno med 3D-printade delar utvecklades för att mätakrafterna i formen under formningsprocessen. Ett Arduino-mjukvarusystem och TeraTerm bedömdesvara det mest lämpliga för att samla in och organisera data från töjningssensorer och mikrokontroller. Tester genomfördes sedan med olika inställningar i pressen, och dessa visade att krafterna ipressverktyget var ojämna. Genom att lägga till shims på pinnarna så att de alla var lika långa utjämnadeskrafterna i pressverktyget. Ett annat test visade att genom att lägga till fler shims på endast en avmothållarpinnarna ökade kraften i pinnen. Genom att tillägg till 0,5 mm shims på den pinnen mer änfördubblade den maximala kraften. Systemet som utvecklats i denna rapport kan mäta krafterna i pressverktygets mothållarpinnarunder formningsprocessen vid en lägre produktionshastighet. Detta system kan också upptäcka olikakraftinställningar i pressen. Slutligen kan den också upptäcka skillnader i kraft vid olika längder påmothållarpinnarna.
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Xu, Chenqi. "Finite Element Analysis on Effects of Cushion Properties on Pressure Distribution and Contact Stress." The Ohio State University, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1514518307950868.

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Books on the topic "Contact pressure"

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Moyer, R. G. Reduction of pressure-tube/calandria-tube contact conductance. Pinawa, Man: Whiteshell Laboratories, 1992.

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Neil, Conway, and Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development., eds. Pressure at work and the psychological contract. London: Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development, 2002.

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Rashev, T͡Solo V. High nitrogen steels: Metallurgy under pressure. Sofia: Publishing House of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1995.

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Buying for Armageddon: Business, society, and military spending since the Cuban missile crisis. New Brunswick, N.J: Rutgers University Press, 1994.

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Chartier, Lise. Mesurer l'insaisissable: Méthode d'analyse du discours de presse. Sainte-Foy, Québec, Canada: Presses de l'Université du Québec, 2003.

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Moursli, Rachid. Deutsch im Sprachkontakt mit Französisch: Untersuchungen zur deutsch- und zweisprachigen Presse in Frankreich : Sprache und Inhalt der zweisprachigen Ausgabe der DNA. Essen: Die Blaue Eule, 2001.

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1955-, Storll Dieter, Jarren Otfried 1953-, and Projekt Medien- und Kommunikationsatlas Berlin., eds. Berlin in Presse und Fernsehen: Eine Inhaltsanalyse zur Berlin-Berichterstattung, Berliner Tageszeitungen und der Berliner Abendschau. Berlin: Vistas, 1986.

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Tanner, Dwight Q. Data-collection methods, quality-assurance data, and site considerations for total dissolved gas monitoring, lower Columbia River, Oregon and Washington, 2000. Portland, Or: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 2001.

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Tanner, Dwight Q. Data-collection methods, quality-assurance data, and site considerations for total dissolved gas monitoring, lower Columbia River, Oregon and Washington, 2000. Portland, Or: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 2001.

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Tanner, Dwight Q. Data-collection methods, quality-assurance data, and site considerations for total dissolved gas monitoring, lower Columbia River, Oregon and Washington, 2000. Portland, Or: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 2001.

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Book chapters on the topic "Contact pressure"

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Gooch, Jan W. "Contact-Pressure Molding." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers, 168. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_2863.

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Gooch, Jan W. "Contact-Pressure Resin." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers, 168. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_2864.

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Lazebnik, George E., and Gregory P. Tsinker. "Stiff Contact Pressure Cells." In Monitoring of Soil-Structure Interaction, 57–78. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-5979-5_4.

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Bonneau, Dominique, Aurelian Fatu, and Dominique Souchet. "Computing the Contact Pressure." In Mixed Lubrication in Hydrodynamic Bearings, 103–54. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119004905.ch3.

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Weinhart, T., R. Fuchs, T. Staedler, M. Kappl, and S. Luding. "Sintering—Pressure- and Temperature-Dependent Contact Models." In Particles in Contact, 311–38. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-15899-6_10.

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Lazebnik, George E., and Gregory P. Tsinker. "Contact Soil Pressure Measurement Techniques." In Monitoring of Soil-Structure Interaction, 23–37. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-5979-5_2.

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Barnes, G. E. "Contact Pressure and Stress Distribution." In Soil Mechanics, 91–103. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-13258-4_5.

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Barnes, Graham. "Contact pressure and stress distribution." In Soil Mechanics, 142–60. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-51221-5_5.

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Barnes, Graham. "Contact pressure and stress distribution." In Soil Mechanics, 132–49. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-230-36677-0_5.

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Viegas, S. F., R. M. Patterson, and F. W. Werner. "Joint Contact Area and Pressure." In Biomechanics of the Wrist Joint, 99–126. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-3208-7_6.

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Conference papers on the topic "Contact pressure"

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Li Junfeng, Zheng Xinfang, Su Xiuping, Yang Yijun, Li Shengli, and Qiao Yu. "AC contactor dynamic characteristics testing system with contacts contact pressure dynamic test function." In 2013 International Conference on Mechatronic Sciences, Electric Engineering and Computer (MEC). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mec.2013.6885114.

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Marghitu, Dan B., Steven F. Swaim, Paul F. Rumph, Dorian Cojocaru, Robert L. Gillette, and M. Stacie Scardino. "Contact Pressure of Quadrupedal Animals." In ASME 2003 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2003/vib-48427.

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In this study we determine the pressure on the central area of each of the weight bearing pads of the paws of dogs at the walk. Pressure signal data from stance phase during walking were analyzed. Within paws, there were significant pressure differences among pads on both fore and hind limbs. The coefficient of restitution, the embedding dimension, and the Lyapunov exponents were calculated. The ability to measure and analyze pressure on individual paw pads provides insight into soft tissue stresses on the palmar/plantar surface of the paw. Pressure at a wound site on the pads has a detrimental effect on wound healing and a better understanding these stresses will be of benefit when suturing and bandaging pad wounds. Such information is especially important in athletic and working dogs, e.g. search and rescue dogs.
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Diaconescu, Emanuel N., Marilena L. Glovnea, and Ovidiu Petrosel. "A New Experimental Technique to Measure Contact Pressure." In STLE/ASME 2003 International Joint Tribology Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/2003-trib-0278.

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A new technique to measure the pressure in a real contact is proposed. One of contacting surfaces is covered, prior to contact establishment, by a special gel. The contact closing removes the excess gel and, during a certain time interval, the contact pressure transforms the entrapped substance in an amorphous solid. In each point, the refractive index of this solid depends on the pressure acting during transformation. After contact opening, the reflectivity of this coating depends on the former contact pressure and it is mapped by aid of a laser profilometer and becomes an indicator of contact pressure. Theoretical considerations show that the gel must possess certain optical parameters for the method to work. Several experimental reported results offer a clear image upon pressure distribution in Hertz point contacts, end effects in finite length line contacts, pressure distribution between rough surfaces and indicate the onset of plastic deformation.
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Hsieh, K. T., S. Satapathy, and M. T. Hsieh. "Effects of Pressure-Dependent Contact Resistivity on Contact Interfacial Conditions." In 2008 14th Symposium on Electromagnetic Launch Technology. IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/elt.2008.34.

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Jichang Zhang, Serhiy Korposh, Ricardo Correia, and Yaping Zhang. "FBG contact pressure sensitivity enhancement technology." In 2017 19th International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks (ICTON). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icton.2017.8024983.

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Kristof, M., R. Hudak, A. Takacova, J. Zivcak, L. Fialka, and R. Takac. "Contact pressure measurement in trunk orthoses." In IEEE International Joint Conference on Computational Cybernetics and Technical Informatics (ICCC-CONTI 2010). IEEE 8th International Conference on Computational Cybernetics and 9th International Conference on Technical Informatics. IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icccyb.2010.5491304.

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Stylianou, Antonis P., Mohammad Kia, and Trent M. Guess. "Tibio-Femoral Contact Pressure During Gait." In ASME 2013 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2013-14685.

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Detailed analysis of knee joint loading during ambulatory activities is of utmost importance for improving the design of total knee replacement components and the outcome of the surgical procedures. A dynamic computational model capable of concurrent predictions of muscle, ligament, and articular surface contact forces would be the ideal tool for enhancing our knowledge of these in-vivo loads and for exploring different loading scenarios.
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Biboulet, N., A. A. Lubrecht, and L. Houpert. "Contact Pressure of Indented Wide Elliptical Contacts: Dry and Lubricated Analysis." In ASME/STLE 2007 International Joint Tribology Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ijtc2007-44192.

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Indents in roller bearings perturb the pressure and stress distribution and increase the failure risk. A numerical study of the pressure perturbation is proposed. An existing dry contact model is extended to account for the indent shoulder influence and the pressure collapse in deeper indents. Moreover, results on pure-rolling lubricated contacts are presented. Finally, the ellipticity influence is studied both for dry and lubricated contacts.
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Moskowitz, Samuel E. "Over-Pressure and Under-Pressure Zones of Robot Wheel Contact." In Eighth International Conference on Engineering, Construction, Operation, and Business In Space; Fifth International Conference and Exposition and Demonstration on Robotics for Challenging Situations and Environments. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40625(203)58.

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Kim, Hyoungkyun, Seungmoon Choi, and Wan Kyun Chung. "Decomposition of contact force using contact pressure for haptic augmented reality." In 2015 12th International Conference on Ubiquitous Robots and Ambient Intelligence (URAI). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/urai.2015.7358866.

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Reports on the topic "Contact pressure"

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Jones, R. E., and P. Papadopoulos. A Novel Three-Dimensional Contact Finite Element Based on Smooth Pressure Interpolations. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/767443.

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Bohn, M. Heat transfer and pressure drop measurements in an air/molten salt direct-contact heat exchanger. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10102019.

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Lever, James, Austin Lines, Susan Taylor, Garrett Hoch, Emily Asenath-Smith, and Devinder Sodhi. Revisiting mechanics of ice–skate friction : from experiments at a skating rink to a unified hypothesis. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/42642.

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The mechanics underlying ice–skate friction remain uncertain despite over a century of study. In the 1930s, the theory of self-lubrication from frictional heat supplanted an earlier hypothesis that pressure melting governed skate friction. More recently, researchers have suggested that a layer of abraded wear particles or the presence of quasi-liquid molecular layers on the surface of ice could account for its slipperiness. Here, we assess the dominant hypotheses proposed to govern ice– skate friction and describe experiments conducted in an indoor skating rink aimed to provide observations to test these hypotheses. Our results indicate that the brittle failure of ice under rapid compression plays a strong role. Our observations did not confirm the presence of full contact water films and are more consistent with the presence of lubricating ice-rich slurries at discontinuous high-pressure zones (HPZs). The presence of ice-rich slurries supporting skates through HPZs merges pressure-melting, abrasion and lubricating films as a unified hypothesis for why skates are so slippery across broad ranges of speeds, temperatures and normal loads. We suggest tribometer experiments to overcome the difficulties of investigating these processes during actual skating trials.
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Lever, James, Emily Asenath-Smith, Susan Taylor, and Austin Lines. Assessing the mechanisms thought to govern ice and snow friction and their interplay with substrate brittle behavior. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/1168142742.

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Sliding friction on ice and snow is characteristically low at temperatures common on Earth’s surface. This slipperiness underlies efficient sleds, winter sports, and the need for specialized tires. Friction can also play micro-mechanical role affecting ice compressive and crushing strengths. Researchers have proposed several mechanisms thought to govern ice and snow friction, but directly validating the underlying mechanics has been difficult. This may be changing, as instruments capable of micro-scale measurements and imaging are now being brought to bear on friction studies. Nevertheless, given the broad regimes of practical interest (interaction length, temperature, speed, pressure, slider properties, etc.), it may be unrealistic to expect that a single mechanism accounts for why ice and snow are slippery. Because bulk ice, and the ice grains that constitute snow, are solids near their melting point at terrestrial temperatures, most research has focused on whether a lubricating water film forms at the interface with a slider. However, ice is extremely brittle, and dry-contact abrasion and wear at the front of sliders could prevent or delay a transition to lubricated contact. Also, water is a poor lubricant, and lubricating films thick enough to separate surface asperities may not form for many systems of interest. This article aims to assess our knowledge of the mechanics underlying ice and snow friction.
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Galili, Naftali, Roger P. Rohrbach, Itzhak Shmulevich, Yoram Fuchs, and Giora Zauberman. Non-Destructive Quality Sensing of High-Value Agricultural Commodities Through Response Analysis. United States Department of Agriculture, October 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1994.7570549.bard.

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The objectives of this project were to develop nondestructive methods for detection of internal properties and firmness of fruits and vegetables. One method was based on a soft piezoelectric film transducer developed in the Technion, for analysis of fruit response to low-energy excitation. The second method was a dot-matrix piezoelectric transducer of North Carolina State University, developed for contact-pressure analysis of fruit during impact. Two research teams, one in Israel and the other in North Carolina, coordinated their research effort according to the specific objectives of the project, to develop and apply the two complementary methods for quality control of agricultural commodities. In Israel: An improved firmness testing system was developed and tested with tropical fruits. The new system included an instrumented fruit-bed of three flexible piezoelectric sensors and miniature electromagnetic hammers, which served as fruit support and low-energy excitation device, respectively. Resonant frequencies were detected for determination of firmness index. Two new acoustic parameters were developed for evaluation of fruit firmness and maturity: a dumping-ratio and a centeroid of the frequency response. Experiments were performed with avocado and mango fruits. The internal damping ratio, which may indicate fruit ripeness, increased monotonically with time, while resonant frequencies and firmness indices decreased with time. Fruit samples were tested daily by destructive penetration test. A fairy high correlation was found in tropical fruits between the penetration force and the new acoustic parameters; a lower correlation was found between this parameter and the conventional firmness index. Improved table-top firmness testing units, Firmalon, with data-logging system and on-line data analysis capacity have been built. The new device was used for the full-scale experiments in the next two years, ahead of the original program and BARD timetable. Close cooperation was initiated with local industry for development of both off-line and on-line sorting and quality control of more agricultural commodities. Firmalon units were produced and operated in major packaging houses in Israel, Belgium and Washington State, on mango and avocado, apples, pears, tomatoes, melons and some other fruits, to gain field experience with the new method. The accumulated experimental data from all these activities is still analyzed, to improve firmness sorting criteria and shelf-life predicting curves for the different fruits. The test program in commercial CA storage facilities in Washington State included seven apple varieties: Fuji, Braeburn, Gala, Granny Smith, Jonagold, Red Delicious, Golden Delicious, and D'Anjou pear variety. FI master-curves could be developed for the Braeburn, Gala, Granny Smith and Jonagold apples. These fruits showed a steady ripening process during the test period. Yet, more work should be conducted to reduce scattering of the data and to determine the confidence limits of the method. Nearly constant FI in Red Delicious and the fluctuations of FI in the Fuji apples should be re-examined. Three sets of experiment were performed with Flandria tomatoes. Despite the complex structure of the tomatoes, the acoustic method could be used for firmness evaluation and to follow the ripening evolution with time. Close agreement was achieved between the auction expert evaluation and that of the nondestructive acoustic test, where firmness index of 4.0 and more indicated grade-A tomatoes. More work is performed to refine the sorting algorithm and to develop a general ripening scale for automatic grading of tomatoes for the fresh fruit market. Galia melons were tested in Israel, in simulated export conditions. It was concluded that the Firmalon is capable of detecting the ripening of melons nondestructively, and sorted out the defective fruits from the export shipment. The cooperation with local industry resulted in development of automatic on-line prototype of the acoustic sensor, that may be incorporated with the export quality control system for melons. More interesting is the development of the remote firmness sensing method for sealed CA cool-rooms, where most of the full-year fruit yield in stored for off-season consumption. Hundreds of ripening monitor systems have been installed in major fruit storage facilities, and being evaluated now by the consumers. If successful, the new method may cause a major change in long-term fruit storage technology. More uses of the acoustic test method have been considered, for monitoring fruit maturity and harvest time, testing fruit samples or each individual fruit when entering the storage facilities, packaging house and auction, and in the supermarket. This approach may result in a full line of equipment for nondestructive quality control of fruits and vegetables, from the orchard or the greenhouse, through the entire sorting, grading and storage process, up to the consumer table. The developed technology offers a tool to determine the maturity of the fruits nondestructively by monitoring their acoustic response to mechanical impulse on the tree. A special device was built and preliminary tested in mango fruit. More development is needed to develop a portable, hand operated sensing method for this purpose. In North Carolina: Analysis method based on an Auto-Regressive (AR) model was developed for detecting the first resonance of fruit from their response to mechanical impulse. The algorithm included a routine that detects the first resonant frequency from as many sensors as possible. Experiments on Red Delicious apples were performed and their firmness was determined. The AR method allowed the detection of the first resonance. The method could be fast enough to be utilized in a real time sorting machine. Yet, further study is needed to look for improvement of the search algorithm of the methods. An impact contact-pressure measurement system and Neural Network (NN) identification method were developed to investigate the relationships between surface pressure distributions on selected fruits and their respective internal textural qualities. A piezoelectric dot-matrix pressure transducer was developed for the purpose of acquiring time-sampled pressure profiles during impact. The acquired data was transferred into a personal computer and accurate visualization of animated data were presented. Preliminary test with 10 apples has been performed. Measurement were made by the contact-pressure transducer in two different positions. Complementary measurements were made on the same apples by using the Firmalon and Magness Taylor (MT) testers. Three-layer neural network was designed. 2/3 of the contact-pressure data were used as training input data and corresponding MT data as training target data. The remaining data were used as NN checking data. Six samples randomly chosen from the ten measured samples and their corresponding Firmalon values were used as the NN training and target data, respectively. The remaining four samples' data were input to the NN. The NN results consistent with the Firmness Tester values. So, if more training data would be obtained, the output should be more accurate. In addition, the Firmness Tester values do not consistent with MT firmness tester values. The NN method developed in this study appears to be a useful tool to emulate the MT Firmness test results without destroying the apple samples. To get more accurate estimation of MT firmness a much larger training data set is required. When the larger sensitive area of the pressure sensor being developed in this project becomes available, the entire contact 'shape' will provide additional information and the neural network results would be more accurate. It has been shown that the impact information can be utilized in the determination of internal quality factors of fruit. Until now,
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Warrick, Arthur, Uri Shani, Dani Or, and Muluneh Yitayew. In situ Evaluation of Unsaturated Hydraulic Properties Using Subsurface Points. United States Department of Agriculture, October 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1999.7570566.bard.

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The primary information for accurately predicting water and solute movement and their impact on water quality is the characterization of soil hydraulic properties. This project was designed to develop methods for rapid and reliable estimates of unsaturated hydraulic properties of the soil. Particularly, in situ methodology is put forth, based on subsurface point sources. Devices were designed to allow introduction of water in subsurface settings at constant negative heads. The ability to operate at a negative head allows a direct method of finding unsaturated soil properties and a mechanism for eliminating extremely rapid preferential flow from the slow matrix flow. The project included field, laboratory and modeling components. By coupling the measurements and the modeling together, a wider range of designs can be examined, while at the same time realistic performance is assured. The developed methodology greatly expands the possibilities for evaluating hydraulic properties in place, especially for measurements in undisturbed soil within plant rooting zones. The objectives of the project were (i) To develop methods for obtaining rapid and reliable estimates of unsaturated hydraulic properties in situ, based on water distribution from subsurface point sources. These can be operated with a constant flow or at a constant head; (ii) To develop methods for distinguishing between matrix and preferential flow using cavities/permeameters under tension; (iii) To evaluate auxiliary measurements such as soil water content or tensions near the operating cavities to improve reliability of results; and (iv: To develop numerical and analytical models for obtaining soil hydraulic properties based on measurements from buried-cavity sources and the auxiliary measurements. The project began in July 1995 and was terminated in November 1998. All of the objectives were pursued. Three new subsurface point sources were designed and tested and two old types were also used. Two of the three new designs used a nylon cloth membrane (30 mm) arranged in a cylindrical geometry and operating at a negative water pressure (tension). A separate bladder arrangement allowed inflation under a positive pressure to maintain contact between the membrane and the soil cavity. The third new design used porous stainless steel (0.5 and 5 mm) arranged in six segments, each with its own water inlet, assembled to form a cylindrical supply surface when inflated in a borehole. The "old" types included an "off-the-shelf" porous cup as well as measurements from a subsurface drip emitter in a small subsurface cavity. Reasonable measurements were made with all systems. Sustained use of the cloth membrane devices were difficult because of leaks and plugging problems. All of the devices require careful consideration to assure contact with the soil system. Steady flow was established which simplified the analysis (except for the drip emitter which used a transient analysis).
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Wang, Zhen, Michael Wong, Mayank Gupta, George Hirasaki, and Kenneth Cox. Combined Pressure, Temperature Contrast and Surface-Enhanced Separation of Carbon Dioxide for Post-Combustion Carbon Capture. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1357588.

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Padget, C. D. W., D. R. M. Pattison, D. P. Moynihan, and O. Beyssac. Pyrite and pyrrhotite in a prograde metamorphic sequence, Hyland River region, SE Yukon: implications for orogenic gold. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/328987.

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The distribution of pyrite and pyrrhotite is documented within an andalusite-sillimanite type (high-temperature, low-pressure) metasedimentary succession exposed in the Hyland River region of southeastern Yukon, Canada. The following metamorphic zones are recognized: chlorite, biotite, cordierite/staurolite (porphyroblast-in), andalusite, sillimanite, and K-feldspar + sillimanite. Pyrite occurs in the chlorite zone through the biotite zone, while pyrrhotite occurs from the chlorite zone to K-feldspar + sillimanite zone. The pyrite-pyrrhotite transition, therefore, occupies an interval in the chlorite and lower biotite zones that is terminated upgrade by a pyrite-out isograd in the upper part of the biotite zone or lowest grade part of the cordierite/staurolite zone. Pressure and temperature conditions of the rocks were estimated from phase equilibrium modelling and from Raman spectroscopy of carbonaceous material (RSCM) thermometry. Modelling indicates pressures of 3.7-4.1 kbar with temperatures of ~425 °C at the biotite isograd, 560-570 °C for chlorite-out/porphyroblast-in, ~575 °C for andalusite-in, 575-600 °C for the sillimanite isograd, and 645-660 °C at the K-feldspar + sillimanite isograd. RSCM temperatures are greater than or equal to 420 °C in the Chl zone, 500 °C at the Bt isograd, 525-550 °C for porphyroblast-in isograd, ~550 °C at the And isograd, and 580 °C at the Sil isograd. These results suggest the pyrite-pyrrhotite transition occurs from less than or equal to 420°C to ~560 °C. Thermodynamic modelling shows 0.6 wt. % H2O is released during metamorphism over the ~140 °C interval of the pyrite-pyrrhotite transition. The gradual release of fluid in the biotite zone is interpreted to have broadened the pyrite-pyrrhotite transition compared to other studies that predict a small interval of vigorous fluid release associated with volumetric chlorite consumption. Samples from the pyrite-pyrrhotite transition zone contain lower whole rock and pyrite Au values than samples from unmetamorphosed/lower rocks, suggesting that Au was removed from the rock at conditions below the pyrite-pyrrhotite transition (<420 °C). The chlorite zone and higher-grade metamorphic rocks of the Hyland River area do not appear to be a plausible source region for orogenic gold.
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Delwiche, Michael, Boaz Zion, Robert BonDurant, Judith Rishpon, Ephraim Maltz, and Miriam Rosenberg. Biosensors for On-Line Measurement of Reproductive Hormones and Milk Proteins to Improve Dairy Herd Management. United States Department of Agriculture, February 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2001.7573998.bard.

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The original objectives of this research project were to: (1) develop immunoassays, photometric sensors, and electrochemical sensors for real-time measurement of progesterone and estradiol in milk, (2) develop biosensors for measurement of caseins in milk, and (3) integrate and adapt these sensor technologies to create an automated electronic sensing system for operation in dairy parlors during milking. The overall direction of research was not changed, although the work was expanded to include other milk components such as urea and lactose. A second generation biosensor for on-line measurement of bovine progesterone was designed and tested. Anti-progesterone antibody was coated on small disks of nitrocellulose membrane, which were inserted in the reaction chamber prior to testing, and a real-time assay was developed. The biosensor was designed using micropumps and valves under computer control, and assayed fluid volumes on the order of 1 ml. An automated sampler was designed to draw a test volume of milk from the long milk tube using a 4-way pinch valve. The system could execute a measurement cycle in about 10 min. Progesterone could be measured at concentrations low enough to distinguish luteal-phase from follicular-phase cows. The potential of the sensor to detect actual ovulatory events was compared with standard methods of estrus detection, including human observation and an activity monitor. The biosensor correctly identified all ovulatory events during its testperiod, but the variability at low progesterone concentrations triggered some false positives. Direct on-line measurement and intelligent interpretation of reproductive hormone profiles offers the potential for substantial improvement in reproductive management. A simple potentiometric method for measurement of milk protein was developed and tested. The method was based on the fact that proteins bind iodine. When proteins are added to a solution of the redox couple iodine/iodide (I-I2), the concentration of free iodine is changed and, as a consequence, the potential between two electrodes immersed in the solution is changed. The method worked well with analytical casein solutions and accurately measured concentrations of analytical caseins added to fresh milk. When tested with actual milk samples, the correlation between the sensor readings and the reference lab results (of both total proteins and casein content) was inferior to that of analytical casein. A number of different technologies were explored for the analysis of milk urea, and a manometric technique was selected for the final design. In the new sensor, urea in the sample was hydrolyzed to ammonium and carbonate by the enzyme urease, and subsequent shaking of the sample with citric acid in a sealed cell allowed urea to be estimated as a change in partial pressure of carbon dioxide. The pressure change in the cell was measured with a miniature piezoresistive pressure sensor, and effects of background dissolved gases and vapor pressures were corrected for by repeating the measurement of pressure developed in the sample without the addition of urease. Results were accurate in the physiological range of milk, the assay was faster than the typical milking period, and no toxic reagents were required. A sampling device was designed and built to passively draw milk from the long milk tube in the parlor. An electrochemical sensor for lactose was developed starting with a three-cascaded-enzyme sensor, evolving into two enzymes and CO2[Fe (CN)6] as a mediator, and then into a microflow injection system using poly-osmium modified screen-printed electrodes. The sensor was designed to serve multiple milking positions, using a manifold valve, a sampling valve, and two pumps. Disposable screen-printed electrodes with enzymatic membranes were used. The sensor was optimized for electrode coating components, flow rate, pH, and sample size, and the results correlated well (r2= 0.967) with known lactose concentrations.
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Lyammouri, Rida. Central Mali: Armed Community Mobilization in Crisis. RESOLVE Network, November 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37805/cbags2021.4.

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The proliferation of community-based armed groups (CBAGs) in Mali’s Mopti and Ségou Regions has contributed to transforming Central Mali into a regional epicenter of conflict since 2016. Due to the lack of adequate presence of the state, certain vulnerable, conflict-affected communities resorted to embracing non-state armed groups as security umbrellas in the context of inter-communal violence. These local conflicts are the result of long-standing issues over increasing pressure on natural resources, climate shocks, competing economic lifestyles, nepotistic and exclusionary resource management practices, and the shifting representations of a segregated, historically constructed sense of ethnic identities in the region. This report untangles the legitimacy of armed groups, mobilizing factors, and the multi-level impact of violence implicating CBAGs. It further explores the relations amongst different actors, including the state, armed groups, and communities. The findings provide relevant insight for context-specific policy design toward conflict resolution and hybrid security governance.
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