Academic literature on the topic 'Contact partiel'
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Journal articles on the topic "Contact partiel"
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Li, Hui, and De-Hua Han. "Rock Physics Modeling of Unconsolidated Sands: Accounting for Partial Friction Grain Contacts and Heterogeneous Stress Field." Journal of Computational Acoustics 23, no. 04 (December 2015): 1540001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218396x15400019.
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A partial friction heterogeneity model of a random-compacted granular pack can be formulated using two parameters ([Formula: see text],[Formula: see text] to account for (1) macroscopic stress heterogeneity distribution of grain packs and (2) microscopic partial friction on the area of grain contact. This proposed partial friction heterogeneity model indicates that surface friction between grain contact is nonignorable, which results in tangential loading path being irreversible. Meanwhile, the tangential stress causes partial sliding on grain contact surface. Macroscopically, the effective shear modulus increases when either fraction of partial slip grain contacts or micro-friction on the area of grain contacts increases.
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Yaya, Aboubakar, R. Golsia, B. Hamadou, A. Amara, and François Thiaucourt. "Essai comparatif d'efficacité des deux souches vaccinale T1/44 et T1st contre la préripneumonie contagieuse bovine." Revue d’élevage et de médecine vétérinaire des pays tropicaux 52, no. 3-4 (March 1, 1999): 171–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.19182/remvt.9659.
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La péripneumonie est une maladie infectieuse qui touche uniquement les bovidés et connaît actuellement une recrudescence en Afrique. Dans le passé de nombreux pays ont pu contrôler la maladie, voire l'éradiquer, grâce à une prophylaxie médicale basée sur l'utilisation de deux souches vaccinales : T1/44 et sa variante streptomycino-résistante T1sr. Des échecs récents ont pu jeter un doute sur l'identité et l'efficacité de la souche T1sr. Depuis, son identité a été confirmée. Il devenait indispensable de vérifier son efficacité dans des conditions contrôlées. Les deux souches ont été utilisées en primovaccination à la dose minimum recommandée, soit 107 mycoplasmes par dose vaccinale. La reproduction expérimentale de la maladie a été réalisée par intubation endobronchique de 40 zébus du Nord-Cameroun qui ont servi à infecter par contact des animaux vaccinés et des animaux témoins. Tous les animaux ont fait l'objet d'un suivi clinique et sérologique. La transmission de la maladie a pleinement réussi et près de 40 % des animaux témoins ont succombé à la péripneumonie. La mortalité a été inférieure chez les animaux vaccinés mais la différence est à la limite de la signification statistique (p = 0,054). Quelle que soit la souche, la protection conférée par la vaccination, calculée sur la réduction de la mortalité, avoisine 37 % seulement. Il est difficile de comparer ces résultats avec des essais anciens qui étaient pratiquement tous réalisés avec des doses vaccinales beaucoup plus élevées et qui utilisaient une souche d'épreuve isolée en Australie. Les résultats obtenus soulignent le caractère partiel de la protection conférée par la vaccination actuellement pratiquée. Ils appellent d'une part à une meilleure définition des stratégies actuelles de lutte contre la péripneumonie et d'autre part à la mise au point de vaccins plus efficaces.
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Menga, N., C. Putignano, G. Carbone, and G. P. Demelio. "The sliding contact of a rigid wavy surface with a viscoelastic half-space." Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 470, no. 2169 (September 8, 2014): 20140392. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2014.0392.
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In this paper, the contact of a rigid sinusoid sliding on a viscoelastic half-space is studied. The solution of the problem is obtained by following the path drawn by Hunter for cylindrical contacts. Results show that depending on the remote applied load, a transition from full contact conditions to partial contact may occur depending on the sliding velocity. This effect, which is not observed in smooth single asperity contacts, is related to the viscoelastic stiffening of the material and to the periodicity of the contacts. Frictional properties as well as contact area, displacement and pressure distributions are discussed in detail.
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de Silva, Milantha, Tadashi Sato, Shinichiro Kuroki, and Takamaro Kikkawa. "Low Resistance Ohmic Contact Formation of Ni Silicide on Partially Si Ion Implanted n+ 4H-SiC." Materials Science Forum 778-780 (February 2014): 689–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.778-780.689.
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In this work, a partial amorphization is introduced to form a Nickel silicide ohmic contact for 4H-SiC bottom electrode. In a conventional Nickel silicide electrode, a carbon agglomeration at the silicide/SiC interface has been occured, and contant resistance between Ni silicide and SiC substrate became larger. For the reduction of the contact resistance, the partial amorphization of surface of SiC substrate was introduced. By this partial amorphization, the space position of the carbon agglomeration is controlled, and contact resistance can be reduced. As a result, with an amorphous 100 nm line pattern, a reliable contact resistance of 1.9×10-3Ωcm2was realized.
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Juhász, Ágnes. "Interpretation and contractual intention : Some issues concerning the partial invalidity of the contract." Multidiszciplináris tudományok 12, no. 3 (2022): 24–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.35925/j.multi.2022.3.3.
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The interpretation of both the judicial act and the contract is an essential and much-researched topic of contract law since interpretative questions relating to the contract are raised in almost all cases. The intention is a basic ‘building block’ of contractual agreements, therefore, in case of a legal dispute, revealing the parties’ real intention is indispensable. Nevertheless, there are also cases where the application of certain legal consequences raises the need for interpretation. For instance, when a ground for invalidity concerns only a certain part of the contract, the legislator provides partial invalidity or the invalidity of the contract in its entirety. Regardless of what type of invalidity is declared as a general rule, contractual parties, or in case of debate, the court shall decide about the legal status of the parties’ contract. In the lack of the parties’ expressed declaration, the decision shall be made on the real, interpreted, or ultimately, on the hypothetic contractual intention of the parties. In the study, both the issues of the interpretation of the contract and the problem of partial invalidity are examined comprehensively by the review and analysis of both the Hungarian and foreign literature. It is also reviewed, how the interpretation theories and methods can help the exploration of the contractual parties’ real intention, if parties did not provide the future legal status of their contract for the case of partial invalidity.
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Wu, Shifeng, and H. S. Cheng. "A Sliding Wear Model for Partial-EHL Contacts." Journal of Tribology 113, no. 1 (January 1, 1991): 134–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2920579.
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A sliding wear model has been developed for partial-EHL contacts, in which both the thermal desorption wear mechanism at low asperity contact temperature and the oxidative wear mechanism at elevated asperity contact temperature are considered. To include micro-EHL effects, digitized actual surface roughness profiles are used in simulating two contacting rough surfaces, and in obtaining the asperity contact area and asperity contact temperature distributions within a Hertzian contact region. Wear measurements in a two-disk machine configuration have been made over a comprehensive range of slide-to-roll ratios. The experimental results show a continuous decrease in wear rate with the increase in slide-to-roll ratio when the slide-to-roll ratio is relatively small, and a drastic rise in wear rate when slide-to-roll ratio is further increased. The experimental wear rate curve as a function of slide-to-roll ratio verifies the model prediction. The drastic rise in wear rate with the increase in slide-to-roll ratio in the range of slide-to-roll ratio beyond unity seems to suggest that a transitional phenomenon exists in the relation between wear rate and slide-to-roll ratio.
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Juhász, Ágnes. "Partial invalidity in Hungarian contract law." European Integration Studies 18, no. 1 (2022): 123–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.46941/2022.e1.123-136.
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The study aims at reviewing certain questions relating to a legal institution, partial invalidity, which is rarely examined by the contemporary civil law literature. After a short historical overview, examinations focus on the provisions on partial invalidity contained by the Hungarian civil code in force. These examinations cover both the problems of assessment of the legal institution’s legal nature and the difficulties of its application in the judicial practice. Concerning the question of the divisibility or separability of the contract which is a preliminary question when assessing partial invalidity, foreign regulatory examples are also reviewed. The last part of the study attempts to reveal the parties’ contractual intention during the assessment of the partial or full invalidity of the contract, outlines the difficulties of interpretation, and drafts the potential interpretation methods.
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Khalaf, Dr Muna Saleem. "Bite force in Iraqi children in relation to teeth contact and mandibular incisors angulation." Mustansiria Dental Journal 7, no. 2 (March 19, 2018): 185–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.32828/mdj.v7i2.396.
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Clinical and animal experiments have demonstrated the role of masticatory musclefunction in normal and abnormal dentofacial development. This study was aimed atobserving the role of antagonistic tooth contacts in the value of maximum bite forceamong a sample of Iraqi children and to seek the existence of a correlation betweenmaximum bite force and the angulations of the mandibular incisors.Maximum bite force was measured in 46 children (23 males and 23 females). Theteeth that occluded with its antagonist were counted clinically and the children werethen classified as those with full contact of opposing teeth and those with partialcontact. The angle of inclination of the mandibular incisors was obtained bycephalometric lateral views for each child.Maximum biting force was higher in children with full contact of teeth than inchildren with partial contact of teeth. The difference was statistically insignificant. Aclear correlation existed between maximum bite force and the angulations of themandibular incisors.Maximum biting force affected the inclination of the mandibular incisors.No difference was found in the value of maximum biting force between patientswith full contact of teeth and those with partial contacts.
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Varavka, V. "SMART CONTRACT AS A FORM OF CIVIL CONTRACT." Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Legal Studies, no. 111 (2019): 15–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/1728-2195/2019/4.111-3.
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Development of information technologies, cryptocurrencies and technology of distributed networks has caused the appearance of smart con- tracts as new types of civil contract. They have been widely used in recent years in such areas as initial coins offering (ICO), financial sector, inter- national trade and public services. At the same time the legal status and legal regulation of smart contracts are uncertain. These uncertainties cause many legal risks of smart-contractsutilization. The purpose of this article is to find out the conception of smart contract as a form of civil contract, to research its legal status and legal regula- tion issues and to develop proposals for the improvement of legal regulation of smart contracts and cryptocurrencies in Ukraine. By its legal nature a smart contract is a digital form of a civil contract realized in programming code automatically executed in a distributed network. Like a civil contract, smart contract has such elements as parties, subject and essential terms of the contract. The legal force of a smart contract depends on whether it includes the fundamental features of a civil contact, such as evidence that parties have intention to create legal relations, understandabil- ity of contract conditions and possibility to perform the terms of the contract under duress. The main advantages of a smart contract are its ability to significantly accelerate and reduce costs of the transaction and guarantee the fulfillment of contract terms regardless of the contractual parties' and third parties' will. The main risks of a smart contract are uncertainty of legal status of a smart contract and cryptocurrencies as a means of payment, complexity of expressing the contact terms in a mathematical algorithm, risk of software bugs and hacking attack. To solve the problems of legal regulation of smart contracts in Ukraine it is necessary to change the legislation in order to settle the legal status of cryptocurrencies and recognize a smart contract as a form of a civil contract. It is necessary to identify parties of the smart contract, confirm their agreement on the terms of the smart contract by using digital electronic signature. A smart contract should be supplemented by text application containing the es- sential terms of the contract which will have legal force in trail. It is necessary to implement blockchain technology in the state registers and pro- vide legal ability to make adjustments in the registers automatically for the performance of smartcontracts.
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Reichler, Mary R., Awal Khan, Timothy R. Sterling, Hui Zhao, Bin Chen, Yan Yuan, Joyce Moran, et al. "Risk Factors for Tuberculosis and Effect of Preventive Therapy Among Close Contacts of Persons With Infectious Tuberculosis." Clinical Infectious Diseases 70, no. 8 (May 24, 2019): 1562–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciz438.
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Abstract Background Close contacts of persons with pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) have high rates of TB disease. Methods We prospectively enrolled TB patients and their close contacts at 9 US/Canadian sites. TB patients and contacts were interviewed to identify index patient, contact, and exposure risk factors for TB. Contacts were evaluated for latent TB infection (LTBI) and TB, and the effectiveness of LTBI treatment for preventing contact TB was examined. Results Among 4490 close contacts, multivariable risk factors for TB were age ≤5 years, US/Canadian birth, human immunodeficiency virus infection, skin test induration ≥10 mm, shared bedroom with an index patient, exposure to more than 1 index patient, and index patient weight loss (P < .05 for each). Of 1406 skin test–positive contacts, TB developed in 49 (9.8%) of 446 who did not initiate treatment, 8 (1.8%) of 443 who received partial treatment, and 1 (0.2%) of 517 who completed treatment (1951, 290, and 31 cases/100 000 person-years, respectively; P < .001). TB was diagnosed in 4.2% of US/Canadian-born compared with 2.3% of foreign-born contacts (P = .002), and TB rates for US/Canadian-born and foreign-born contacts who did not initiate treatment were 3592 and 811 per 100 000 person-years, respectively (P < .001). Conclusions Treatment for LTBI was highly effective in preventing TB among close contacts of infectious TB patients. Several index patient, contact, and exposure characteristics associated with increased risk of contact TB were identified. These findings help inform contact investigation, LTBI treatment, and other public health prevention efforts.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Contact partiel"
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Podgorski, Thomas. "Ruissellement en conditions de mouillage partiel." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2000. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00003231.
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L' écoulement d'un fluide sur une surface inclinée en conditions de mouillage partiel existe dans de nombreuses situations de la vie courante et dans des applications industrielles variées. A faible débit, des zones sèches stationnaires peuvent exister au sein d'un film en ruissellement, qui compromettent le fonctionnement de certains échangeurs de chaleur. Nous avons entrepris une etude expérimentale systématique de l' écoulement d'un film d'huile silicone sur un plan incliné convenablement traité pour obtenir un angle de contact statique fini. Nous montrons que des zones sèches stationnaires de forme bien définie et reproductible existent dans une certaine gamme de débit, et qu'elles sont supprimées au dessus d'un débit critique. Nous proposons une modélisation de ces phénomènes basés sur de subtils équilibres entre les effets de la gravité, de la viscosité et de la capillarité rendant compte des observations dans une large gamme de paramètres. Au premier ordre l' équilibre du bourrelet liquide délimitant une zone sèche résulte d'une compensation de son poids par les effets capillaires, et pour les forts angles de contact et des inclinaisons faibles du plan de l'écoulement, des effets secondaires liés à la courbure de la ligne de contact et à la pression hydrostatique dans le film jouent un rôle non négligeable et déterminent la stabilité du système. Nous avons également abordé le ruissellement de gouttes sur un plan incliné, pour lequel nous mettons en évidence l'existence de régimes d'écoulement variés. Suivant leur vitesse, les gouttes peuvent être ovales, pointues ou perlantes. Une interpr etation de l'existence du régime de gouttes pointues basée sur un modèle d'angle de contact dynamique est proposée. Enfin, nous présentons quelques résultats qualitatifs sur l'écoulement d'eau dans un faisceau de tubes tel qu'on en rencontre dans certains échangeurs de chaleur.
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Meriaux, Jean. "Etude expérimentale et modélisation de l'endommagement du contact aube-disque de soufflante soumis à des chargements de fretting fatigue." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00730679.
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L'optimisation du dimensionnement des structures passe par une meilleure connaissance de leur mode d'endommagement. Cette étude se focalise donc sur la caractérisation de l'endommagement du contact aube/disque des moteurs aéronautique. Cet assemblage mécanique est soumis a une combinaison d'un effort normal (force centrifuge) et tangentiel (dynamique de l'aube). La portée du disque en Ti-6Al-4V subi donc un chargement complexe de type fretting fatigue. Ce type de sollicitation entraine, entre autre dégradation, de la fissuration dont la modélisation expérimentale et numérique est rendue difficile par les limitations des moyens et des connaissances actuelles. Le premier objectif de ce travail de thèse est de développer un moyen d'essai et une instrumentation associée afin d'étudier de façon qualitative et quantitative la fissuration d'un contact Ti-6Al-4V/Ti-6Al-4V. Le second but est d'utiliser les données issues de ce moyen expérimental afin de proposer un modèle de prédiction des durées de vie de cet assemblage. Un montage inédit de fretting fatigue double vérin mono-contact a été mis en place avec une instrumentation nouvelle pour ce type d'essai : suivi de fissuration par suivi de potentiel et par émission acoustique. Une attention particulière a été apportée aux calibrations et aux méthodologies expérimentales. Ce banc d'essai permet notamment de simuler des efforts de fretting applique en phase ou alors de telle manière a simuler un vrai cycle de vol. Cet outil a permis de décrire quantitativement les premières courbes de Wohler en fretting à amorçage (Effort de fretting vs Nombre de cycles à amorçage) pour deux configurations de contact (cylindre/plan et plan/plan). Les impacts des différents paramètres de fretting sur l'amorcage ont pu être quantifies. Les paramètres influant sont : la configuration du contact, les niveaux des efforts appliques et leur mode de combinaison (cycles en phase ou cycles de type vol). De plus des courbes de cinétique de propagation des fissures ont pu être extraites des différents essais, montrant un fort impact du fretting sur les vitesses de propagation des fissures. Une analyse qualitative via l'émission acoustique a montré un mécanisme d'amorçage et de propagation en 3 étapes suivant la perte d'influence du contact. Un modèle de prédiction de l'amorçage et de simulation de la propagation des fissures a été mis en place. Bien que limite dans la prise en compte des effets gradients (approches non locales), ce modèle se montre très performant surtout dans sa capacité à utiliser les données expérimentales dans l'identification des lois d'amorçage ou de propagation. Ce travail a donc permis d'importantes avancées dans la compréhension des mécanismes de fissuration et dans leur modélisation ouvrant ainsi la porte vers une prédiction fiable de l'endommagement des contacts aube/disque.
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Strubel, Vincent. "Particle entrapment in EHD contacts - Aerospace applications." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSEI098/document.
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Une lubrification suffisante est essentielle au bon fonctionnement des mécanismes et/ou composants comme par exemple les paliers à roulement. Par contre, les lubrifiants contiennent souvent des débris d’usure ou des polluants extérieurs. Ces particules micrométriques peuvent pénétrer des contacts d’épaisseur inférieure au micromètre induisant des empruntes ou indents pouvant conduire à des endommagements irréversibles pour les surfaces en contact. L’objet de ce travail est l’étude du piégeage de polluants solides à l’aide de particules sphériques d’acier, d’un point de vue théorique, numérique et expérimental. Dans un premier temps, une étude phénoménologique a été proposée à l’aide d’une nouvelle méthode expérimentale basée sur la technique PIV combinée à un tribomètre bille/disque. Les trajectoires des polluants à l’entrée du contact ont pu ainsi être identifiées. En parallèle, un modèle numérique d’écoulement du lubrifiant a été développé pour permettre l’évaluation des conditions menant au piégeage ou non de particules. Finalement, des expériences sur une machine bi-disques en conditions de lubrification polluée contrôlée ont permis de valider les tendances observées pour le piégeage. Une première série de résultats a montré que le piégeage de contaminants est fortement dépendant du profil de vitesse du lubrifiant. Un taux de piégeage très hétérogène a été observé sur des contacts avec une ellipticité transverse à l’écoulement variable. De manière surprenante, malgré une augmentation de la largeur de contact, une forte diminution du nombre de particules piégées a été observée dans des contacts elliptiques. Il a été démontré que cette diminution pouvait être imputée à la présence d’importants reflux de lubrifiant dans les contacts elliptiques larges. L’étude de contacts hybrides, nitrure de silicium–acier, a montré une bonne résistance à l’indentation du nitrure de silicium. Il est à noter que les contacts hybrides présentent des niveaux de piégeage similaire à un contact tout acierContact lubrication is essential in a wide range of mechanical systems like rolling element bearings (REBs). A minimum quantity of clean lubricant all along the bearing life is necessary but difficult to ensure. In fact, lubricants contain inevitably wear debris or external particles, like dust. Carried by the lubricant in the vicinity of elastohydrodynamic (EHD) contacts, particles can be entrapped with disastrous consequences for contacting surfaces. Entrapment of micrometric particles in submicrometric contacting gaps means irreversible damages for the surfaces. Damages weaken the surfaces and reduce significantly the REBs lifetime. The goal of this work is to analyze the critical particle entrainments in the contact inlet. Entrapment of steel spherical particles was investigated from the numerical and experimental point of view. Firstly, the phenomenology of entrapment was explored with a new experimental method based on Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) technique installed on a tribometer. It enabled the evaluation of velocity profiles in the contact inlet and the tracking of particles within EHD contacts. Secondly, a numerical modelling of the inlet flow for EHD contacts, including the particle tracking, was developed. Finally, tests on a twin-disc machine with a controlled level of well-defined contamination were conducted to validate previous conclusions. A first set of results showed that particle entrapment is highly dependent on the lubricant velocity profile. Depending on contact geometry, from point to wide elliptical contacts, different entrapment probability were revealed. Surprisingly, increasing contact width with wide elliptical contacts leads to a drop of entrapped particles. It was demonstrated that this phenomenon is due to backflows occurring upstream from these contacts. Introducing a hybrid pair of contacting materials (silicon nitride–steel), dents on the surfaces due to entrapped particles were explored. It has been confirmed that silicon nitride surface offers a real ability to resist to indentation. It was also noticed that the entrapment probability for silicon nitride–steel contacts is equivalent to a steel–steel one
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Delacroix, Bastien. "Développement d'un modèle intégral avec transport d'une fonction couleur pour la simulation d'écoulements de films minces partiellement mouillants." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulouse, ISAE, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024ESAE0005.
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Pourquoi une goutte d’eau a tendance à prendre la forme d’une sphère ? Pourquoi reste-t-elle accrochée sur sa feuille lors de la rosée du matin ? Pourquoi, au contraire, ruisselle-t-elle jusque sur le sol ? Toutes ces questions en apparence simplistes font appel à des phénomènes microscopiques très complexes dont la nature physique est encore aujourd’hui sujet à débat. Leur compréhension est cependant un enjeu majeur dans de nombreux cas d'application industrielle. C’est notamment le cas en aéronautique où après le passage d’un aéronef au travers d’un nuage ou après une opération de dégivrage, un film mince se forme sur l’aile. L’évolution de la surface mouillée par ce film, comme lors de sa transition en ruisselets sous l’effet du cisaillement de l’air, ainsi que son éventuel regel un peu plus loin en dehors des zones de protection, n’est pas prise en compte dans les outils de simulations des dégivreurs thermiques ; ou alors de manière rudimentaire via des corrélations empiriques. Cependant, cette accrétion de givre se doit d’être contrôlée pour des raisons de sécurité et de performances aérodynamiques. C’est pourquoi, il est nécessaire d’améliorer les outils existant en développant de nouveaux modèles capables de prendre en compte l'influence des forces capillaires à l’échelle macroscopique, notamment au niveau de la ligne triple, pour pouvoir prédire la dynamique d’un film cisaillé.L’objectif général de cette étude est donc le développement d’un modèle adapté à la simulation à grande échelle d’écoulement de film mince partiellement mouillant.Dans cette optique, une approche basée sur un système d'équations de type Saint-Venant a été adoptée. Cependant, ce système sous sa forme classique ne permet pas la simulation de films minces avec effet de mouillage partiel. Une solution pour prendre en compte ces effets est d'ajouter une force macroscopique concentrée à la ligne de contact. Cette force singulière permet ainsi de vérifier localement la loi macroscopique de Young-Dupré. La difficulté de cette approche est alors de localiser la force uniquement à la ligne triple. Contrairement aux modèles rencontrés dans la littérature qui se basent tous sur l’utilisation d’un paramètre ajustable, permettant de faire la distinction entre zone sèche et zone mouillée, nous proposons ici une approche avec transport d’une fonction couleur. Cette fonction, définie comme égale à un dans les zones mouillées et nulle dans les zones sèches, présente l'intérêt d'avoir un gradient identiquement nul, sauf à la ligne triple, permettant de localiser la force de ligne de contact.L'introduction de cette fonction couleur oblige à reformuler en partie le système d'équations de Saint-Venant afin de tenir compte de cette nouvelle fonction dans l'expression des différents termes de forces agissant sur le film. Pour justifier le choix de cette nouvelle formulation, une méthode basée sur une formulation eulérienne du principe de Hamilton a été utilisée. Cette méthode permet d’obtenir une équation de quantité de mouvement compatible avec la conservation de l'énergie du système étudié avec comme unique point de départ une expression de la densité d'énergie du système en fonction des variables utilisées.Ce nouveau système d’équations, en plus d’être complètement affranchi d’un paramètre de calibration, présente l’avantage d’être complètement hyperbolique dans le cas où les effets de courbure ne sont pas pris en compte. Cela a permis le développement d’un solveur de Riemann de type HLLC pour résoudre numériquement ce système d’équations. Afin de tester la robustesse des modèles physiques et numériques, un ensemble de cas de vérification et de validation a été mis en place.Enfin, les termes de courbure ont été pris en compte dans le schéma numérique final permettant d’étendre considérablement le champ d’application de ce nouveau modèle avec fonction couleur. Ainsi des problèmes où les effets capillaires sont prédominants ont pu être simulésWhy does a drop of water tend to form a sphere? Why does it cling to its leaf in the morning dew? On the contrary, why does it flow down towards the ground? All these seemingly simplistic questions involve highly complex microscopic phenomena whose physical nature is still the subject of debate. However, understanding them is a major challenge in many industrial applications. This is particularly true in aeronautics, where a thin film forms on the wings after the aircraft has passed through a cloud or after a defreezing operation. The evolution of the wetted surface by this film, like its transition into rivulets under the effect of air shear, as well as its eventual refreezing a little further outside the protection zones, is not taken into account in thermal defrost simulation tools; or only in a rudimentary way via empirical correlations. However, this ice accretion must be controlled for safety reasons and aerodynamic performance. This is why it is necessary to improve existing tools by developing new models capable of considering the influence of capillary forces on a macroscopic scale, specifically at the contact line level, in order to be able to predict the dynamics of a sheared film.The overall objective of this study is therefore to develop a suitable model for large-scale simulation of partially wetting thin film flow.To answer this objective, an approach based on a Shallow-water equations was adopted. However, this system in its classical form does not allow the simulation of thin films with partial wetting effects. One solution to consider these effects is to add a macroscopic force concentrated to the contact line. This singular force enables the macroscopic Young-Dupré law to be verified locally. The issue with this approach is to localize the force at the contact line only. Unlike other models in the literature, which are all based on the use of an adjustable parameter allowing the distinction between dry and wet zones, we offer here an approach involving the transport of a color function. This function, defined as equal to one in wet zones and zero in dry zones, has the advantage of having an identically zero gradient, except at the contact line, enabling the contact line force to be localized.The introduction of this color function needs a partial reformulation of the Shallow-water equations, in order to integrate this new function in the expression of the various force terms acting on the film. In order to justify the choice of this new formulation, a method based on an eulerian formulation of Hamilton's principle was used. This method helps to obtain a momentum equation compatible with the conservation of energy of the system under study, with the only starting point being an expression of the system's energy density as a function of the variables used.This new system of equations, in addition to being completely calibration parameter free, has the advantage of being entirely hyperbolic in the case where curvature effects are not taken into account. This has helped us to develop an HLLC-type Riemann solver to solve this equation system numerically. In order to test out the robustness of the physical and numerical models, a set of verification and validation cases was set up.Finally, curvature terms were considered in the final numerical scheme, considerably extending the scope of application of this new color function model. In this way, problems where capillary effects are predominant could be simulated
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Manuelli, Lucas Ph D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Localizing external contact using proprioceptive sensors : the contact particle filter." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/115739.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2018.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 61-65).
In order for robots to interact safely and intelligently with their environment they must be able to reliably estimate and localize external contacts. This paper introduces the CPF, the Contact Particle Filter, which is a general algorithm for detecting and localizing external contacts on rigid body robots without the need for external sensing. The CPF finds external contact points that best explain the observed external joint torque, and returns sensible estimates even when the external torque measurement is corrupted with noise. We demonstrate the capability of the CPF in multiple scenarios. We show how it can track multiple external contacts on a simulated Atlas robot, and also perform extensive simulation and hardware experiments on a Kuka iiwa robot arm.
by Lucas Manuelli.
S.M.
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Haider, Christine Irmingard. "Particle contact mechanisms in pressure agglomeration." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2014. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/6995/.
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Lahnane, Nabila. "Le déblocage des sources d'anéantissement du contrat en droit commun." Thesis, Perpignan, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PERP0045/document.
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Débloquer le contrat, relevant du droit commun, de ses sources d’anéantissement revient à le faire échapper à la nullité ou à la résolution grâce à l’application de sanctions alternatives. Le but n’étant pas de proposer toutes les solutions salvatrices possibles mais uniquement celles dont la primauté sur les sanctions destructrices peut être justifiée par une argumentation juridique solide. Afin de défendre cette idée, notre étude ne se contente aucunement de décrire ce que l’ord. du 10 fév. 2016 permet déjà à ce sujet (art. 1170, 1171 et 1195 C.civ.). En premier lieu, un fondement général est proposé. Les solutions alternatives au lieu et place de la nullité peuvent se fonder sur l’art. 1184 C.civ., en vertu duquel l’irrégularité partielle ne peut pas mener à autre chose qu’une sanction partielle maintenant le contrat. S’agissant des solutions alternatives à la résolution, elles ont été fondées sur une relecture, plus moderne, du principe de la force obligatoire du contrat. En second lieu, sont proposées des sanctions salvatrices, parfois inédites, basées sur une interprétation originale des nouveaux textes du droit commun des contrats. Par ex., est envisagée une requalification de l’indemnité octroyée en contrepartie d’un engagement de non-concurrence afin qu’elle ne soit plus considérée comme une rémunération salariale mais plutôt comme la rémunération d’une prestation de service. Pourrait ainsi être appliqué l’art. 1165 C.civ. qui autorise la détermination du prix postérieurement à la formation du contrat alors que selon le droit prétorien en vigueur, l’absence de fixation du prix au sein de la clause de non-concurrence, entraîne son annulation. En outre, au sein du nouveau droit des contrats ont été découverts des fondements tout à fait appropriés pour justifier, entre autres, le recours à la nullité partielle pour tous les vices du consentement incidents, ainsi que la possibilité de sanctionner l’abus dans la fixation du prix par sa réduction, etcThe saving adaptation of the contract threatened by a nullity or a termination amounts to get it out of a dead end and thus unblock it. Unblocking applied to the contract is not a notion but a mechanism in which the means, allowing it to pursue its destiny in a sustainable way, are integrated. Since it is a matter of giving priority to alternative remedies to the annihilation of the contract and that these are of a great diversity, it cannot be a question of a single notion, and even less of a unified legal regime. The identified blockages are solved by very different solutions, each with its own regime. However, they all come together for their purpose, which is to maintain an effective contract. This inevitably happens by reshuffling the Court's powers toward the contract because its release requires it to be rewritten almost systematically. The ordonnance of February 10, 2016 reforming the law of contract modifies this role only in a fragmented way. Indeed, we can note that it is more increased in unfair terms (Art. 1170 and 1171 civ. C.) and change of circumstances (Art. 1195 civ. C.) but the virtues of the unblocking of the contract that we have identified invite to a greater generalization of this recent dynamic. The techniques of unblocking the contract proposed in this thesis constitute either original interpretations of the new texts of the law of contract, or novel solutions for which we have discovered the appropriate juridical basis
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Olsson, Erik. "Micromechanics of Powder Compaction and Particle Contact." Licentiate thesis, KTH, Hållfasthetslära (Avd.), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-117608.
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Lindberg, Joacim. "Plastic contacts in particle based simulations." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för fysik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-149058.
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Granular materials, large collections of macroscopic particles, are something that is commonly found in both nature and industry. Examples of such can be sand, ore, grains, seeds or snow. Simulations of granular materials are important in many industrial cases. It gives an opportunity to study the behavior of the particles as they interact with machinery and gives an indication of how efficient new designs perform. In some areas, such as vehicle-terrain interaction, plastic deformation of the particles can be an important factor. The Ume˚a based company Algoryx Simulation can simulate granular materials in their physics engine AGX Dynamics using a nonsmooth discrete element approach (NDEM), but currently lack support for plastic deformation. The purpose of this thesis is to implement a plastic contact model in the source code of AGX Dynamics, such that plastic deformation can be observed. The implementation was first tested for single particle-particle compression where measured contact forces were compared to theoretical models. Uniaxial compression tests were performed for bulk testing, filling a cylinder with particles and compressing them while monitoring the axial stress and strain. The results from the single particle compression correspond well to theory, giving the correct plastic deformation for a given contact force and correctly illustrates the effects of changing different model parameters. Plastic deformation could also be observed in the results from bulk testing. Additionally, it was observed that the current version of the implementation is best suited for simulating either very cohesive materials, where particles stick to each other when colliding, or cohesionless materials, where colliding particles are separated after impact. Additional research is needed to study how the separation velocity for colliding particles should be updated in a way that is consistent with the plastic model parameters and experimental results.
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Lindle, Molly Eileen. "Contact electrification and charge separation in volcanic plumes." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/43726.
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Volcanogenic lightning has a long documented history in the scientific field, though its origins are still poorly understood. The interactions leading to electrification of ash plumes is essentially a function of the microphysics controlling and affecting ash particle collisions. This thesis presents measurements made on charged particle interactions in a fluidized bed, with large-scale applications to the phenomenon of volcanogenic lightning and charged particle dynamics in volcanic plumes. Using a fluidized bed of ash samples taken from Ecuador's Volcán Tungurahua, particles are introduced to a collisional environment, where they acquire an associated polarity. A charged copper plate is used to collect particles of a given polarity, and particle size distributions are obtained for different weight fractions of the ash. It is observed that relatively smaller particles acquire a net negative charge, while larger particles in the sample charge positively. This is a well-documented occurrence with perfectly spherical, chemically identical samples, but this work represents one of the first applications of the principle to volcanic ash. Image analysis is preformed to determine the size distribution associated with specific polarities, and the associated minimum charge on each particle is calculated based on the plate collection height and particle size. We also present results that demonstrate the relationship between particle collisions and the amount of charge exchanged. Using techniques developed to examine the collision rate within a flow, combined with the charging rates determined from this experiment, we determine a maximum charge exchange rate of 1.28±0.23 electrons transferred per collision.
Books on the topic "Contact partiel"
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Najm-Makhlouf, Carole. Tacite reconduction et volonté des parties. Paris: L.G.D.J., Lextenso éditions, 2013.
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Commission, Manitoba Law Reform. Privity of contract. Winnipeg: The Commission, 1993.
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Scotia, Law Reform Commission of Nova. Privity of contract: Third party rights. Halifax: The Commission, 2004.
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Law Reform Commission of Nova Scotia. Privity of contract: Third party rights. Halifax: The Commission, 2004.
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Byrne-Sutton, Pascale. Le contrat de travail à temps partiel. Zürich: Schulthess, 2001.
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Boland, Kevin. Under contract with the enemy. Cork: Mercier, 1988.
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Kevin, Boland. Under contract with the enemy. Cork: Mercier, 1988.
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Moisá, Benjamín. La autonomía de la voluntad y la predisposición contractual. Buenos Aires: Zavalía, 2005.
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Cashmore, Chris. Parties to a contract of carriage, or, Who can sue on a contract of carriage of goods? London: Lloyd's of London, 1990.
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Rivera Rojas, Lucy. Lentes de contacto. Bogotá. Colombia: Universidad de La Salle. Ediciones Unisalle, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.19052/9789585400535.
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Esta obra brinda conceptos básicos a partir de los cuales el estudiante puede entender la composición química de los lentes de contacto y, con base en ella, inferir las propiedades que estos materiales le confieren. Incluye además las tendencias actuales en investigación en materiales para lentes de contacto. Está dirigida a estudiantes y docentes interesados en la aplicabilidad de estos conceptos en el campo específico de la optometría.
Book chapters on the topic "Contact partiel"
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Hough, Tracey, and Ewan Kirk. "Third parties." In Contract Law, 449–73. Abingdon, Oxon [UK] ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2018.: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315678283-15.
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Cooper, Tracey, and Ewan Kirk. "Third parties." In Contract Law, 473–98. 2nd ed. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003141266-15.
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Hills, D. A., A. Sackfield, and C. E. Truman. "Linear Indenters Under Conditions of Partial Slip." In Contact Mechanics, 21–24. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1983-6_3.
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Morgan, Jonathan. "Third Parties." In Great Debates in Contract Law, 281–302. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-48160-3_10.
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Thornton, Colin, and Guoping Lian. "Energy Considerations During Oblique Particle Interactions." In Contact Mechanics, 381–88. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1983-6_52.
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Chappell, David. "Third parties." In Understanding JCT Standard Building Contracts, 36–58. 10th edition. | Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon : Routledge, 2018.: Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315112367-3.
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Eggers, Peter Macdonald, and Sir Simon Picken. "Third parties." In Good Faith and Insurance Contracts, 397–439. Fourth edition. | Abingdon, Oxon [UK] ; New York : Informa Law from Routledge, 2018. | Series: Lloyd’s insurance law library: Informa Law from Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315271088-13.
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Hills, D. A., and D. Nowell. "Contacts under Partial Slip." In Solid Mechanics and Its Applications, 41–64. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-8281-0_3.
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Surahyo, Akhtar. "Parties to the Contract." In Understanding Construction Contracts, 17–27. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-66685-3_2.
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Chappell, David. "Practical completion and partial possession." In Construction Contracts, 225–29. Fourth edition. | Abingdon, Oxon; New York: Routledge, 2021.: Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003080930-22.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Contact partiel"
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Ghaednia, Hamed, Robert L. Jackson, and Jinchun Gao. "A third body contact model for particle contaminated electrical contacts." In 2014 IEEE 60th Holm Conference on Electrical Contacts (Holm). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/holm.2014.7031018.
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Vrhovšek, Vladimir, and Sandra Đorđević. "UGOVOR U KORIST TREĆEG LICA – ODSTUPANjE OD NAČELA „INTER PARTES“." In XIX majsko savetovanje. University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Law, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/xixmajsko.1141v.
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The contract represents an instrument of legal transactions through which the contracting parties regulate their rights and obligations within the limits of compulsory regulations, public order, and good customs. The Law on Contracts and Torts proclaims the principle of disposition and autonomy of will, as a result of which the contracting parties can create rights and obligations for themselves and the other contracting party with their free declarations of will, regulate their mutual relations in a different way from legal solutions, as long as they do not exceed the set limits, under the threat of nullity of the contract. In addition to the above, the contract can extend its effect besides the contracting parties, and it can be used to contract rights in favor of third parties, whose will did not participate in the creation of the contract itself. In this paper, the authors will show the impact of a contract in favor of a third party, as an exception to the inter partes principle, on the example of a contract concluded between RF PIO and JP "Pošta Srbije" and look at the legal validity of such a contract, through court practice.
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Čović, Ana, Oliver Nikolić, and Aleksandra Daria Petrović. "Obligacionopravno dejstvo ugovora o franšizi." In XVI Majsko savetovanje. University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Law, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/upk20.117c.
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The franchise agreement is derived from the franchise business agreed by the parties concerned, the franchisor and the franchisee. It belongs to unnamed contracts because the law does not recognize it as a statutory contract of obligation or business law and must rest on the principles of contract law, so there must be agreement of the will of the contracting parties without any deficiencies in compliance with legal regulations. A franchise agreement is a mixed contract in nature, because it also contains elements of other contracts. International and national regulations in this area influence the strengthening of intellectual property rights and franchise activities, thus accelerating global innovation capacity, improving technical and technological development and regulating and improving the market. The subject of this paper is the legal relationship between the franchisor and the franchisee, the content of their mutual rights and obligations, and the origin and importance of the franchise agreement.
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Dezzani, Michael M., and Philip K. Pearson. "Hybrid Ceramic Bearings for Difficult Applications." In ASME 1995 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/95-gt-391.
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The Torrington Company under contract from the Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) has developed a hybrid bearing with improved properties for difficult applications. M50 and M50 NiL steel rings were nitrided to produce rolling contact raceway surfaces with hardnesses near Rockwell C 70. Rings were assembled with NBD-200 silicon nitride balls. Full scale bearing tests were run under conditions that included 150°C temperature, surface flaws created by hard particle contamination, partial EHD lubrication, and the sliding action of balls running under thrust loading. The hybrid bearings had longer life than all steel bearings and demonstrated resistance to the surface peeling mode of failure initiation. Higher strength of the rolling contact surfaces, high residual compressive stresses in the nitrided layers, and a more favorable action in ceramic to steel rolling contact are discussed as the reasons for improved performance of the hybrid over all steel bearings.
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Farhang, K., D. Segalman, and M. Starr. "On the Static-Kinetic Friction Transition in Dry Contact of Rough Surfaces." In ASME/STLE 2011 International Joint Tribology Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ijtc2011-61098.
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This paper shows that the Mindlin problem involving two spheres in contact under the action of oscillating tangential force can lead to the account of static-kinetic friction transition. In Mindlin’s problem two spheres experience partial slip as a result of application of oscillating tangential load. When the problem is extended to multi-sphere contact, i.e. two rough surfaces, the application of tangential oscillating load results in partial slip for some asperity contacts while others experience full slip. Increase in the amplitude of the oscillating tangential force results in more contacts experiencing full slip, thereby decreasing the number of contacts in parial slip. Constitutive relation proposed by Mindlin at small scale, governing asperity interaction, is used to obtain the large scale slip function through a statistical summation of asperity scale events. The slip function establishes the fraction of asperity contact in full slip. The complement of the slip parameter is a fraction of asperities in partial slip. Through slip function it is shown that it is possible to define a slip condition for the entire surface. The derivation of the slip function allows the account of transition between static friction and kinetic friction.
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Plotnic, Olesea, and Valeria Praporșcic. "Consequences Of Non-Performance Of Commercial Contracts." In 27th International Scientific Conference “Competitiveness and Innovation in the Knowledge Economy”. Academy of Economic Studies of Moldova, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.53486/cike2023.74.
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Non-performance of contractual obligations represents a fundamental aspect of civil law and contractual relationships, with significant implications in the legal and economic spheres. This issue raises essential questions regarding the legal consequences of failing to fulfill obligations assumed in a contract and how it affects the relationships between parties. The legal nature of non-performance of contractual obligations can be analyzed from various perspectives, including theories of civil liability, contractual consequences, and principles of contract law. The analysis of this concept is essential for understanding the functioning of contractual relationships and legal systems in general. In essence, the paper aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the impact of non-performance of contracts in different contexts and to propose solutions and strategies for managing these situations, contributing to the development of knowledge in the field of contract law and business. The aim of the paper is to analyse and discuss the legal, commercial, and social impact and implications of non-performance of obligations specified in a contract, including in the context of climate change, circular economy and sustainable development. The non-performance of contracts in business is a current issue with significant implications in the legal and business world. It is essential for contracting parties to understand the consequences and to develop appropriate strategies to prevent and efficiently manage such situations. The study of non-performance of contractual obligations aims not only to understand its consequences but also to contribute to the improvement of the process of contract formation and management, thereby safeguarding the interests of the parties involved in commercial relationships.
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Choi, Yeon-Sun, and Chul-Yong Bae. "Nonlinear Dynamic Analysis of Partial Rotor Rub With Experimental Observations." In ASME 2001 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2001/vib-21634.
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Abstract Partial rotor rub occurs when an obstacle on the Stator of a rotating machinery disturbs the free whirling motion of a rotor, which is more common than full annular rub for the cases of rubbing in rotating machinery. The nonlinearity due to the intermittent contacts and friction during partial rotor rub makes the phenomenon complex. The several nonlinear phenomena of superharmonics, subharmonics, and jump phenomenon are demonstrated for the partial rub using an experimental apparatus in this study. The forward or backward components in its orbit patterns are calculated using the directional spectrum for the experimental results and are demonstrated by numerical simulations. A piecewise-linear model and a rebound model using the coefficient of restitution are investigated on the basis of experimental observations in order to adopt an analytical model of the contact between the rotor and stator during whirling motion. The contact stiffness, coefficient of restitution, and friction coefficient for the contact during partial rub are calculated from the comparison between the numerical simulation and the experimental results. Also, the numerical simulations for the model of partial rub are done for the various system parameters of clearance, contact stiffness, and friction coefficient in order to find the nonlinear behavior of partial rotor rub.
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Sheng, Yong, C. J. Lawrence, and B. J. Briscoe. "DEM Simulation of the Granular Compaction Process." In ASME 2002 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2002-33785.
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In this paper, the discrete element method is employed to simulate the powder compaction process and to produce the detailed results of micro mechanical response in particle scale. The DEM program is capable to calculate the contact between particles considering of surface adhesion, The statistical average properties of the compacts are then obtained from the sum of the particle movements and contacts. The calculated results show that the variation of the particle properties such as contact friction and elastic-plastic contact criteria can significantly affect the bulk response of the assembly. The connection between micro properties of particles and macroscopic continuum description of the behaviour of granular media is then discussed.
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Deynekli, Adnan. "Field of Application of United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c06.01265.
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United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (CISG) entered into force on the 1st August 2011 in Turkey. CISG is accepted with the purpose of development and encouragement of international trade and application of uniform rules for resolution of disputes arising from the contracts for the international sale of goods. CISG applies to contracts of sale of goods between parties whose places of business are in different states when the states are contracting states; or when the rules of private international law lead to the application of the law of a contracting state. Neither the nationality of the parties nor the civil or commercial character of the parties or of the contract is to be taken into consideration in determining the application of CISG. In order to apply CISG, there has to be a contract about international sale of goods and the parties shall be from different contracting states or the rules of private international law shall lead to the application of the law of a contracting state. The parties may totally or partially exclude the application of this CISG. CISG does not apply in terms of third party rights and the validity of the contract or of any of its provisions or of any usage.
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Ichimura, T., M. Ogawa, and T. Iwanaga. "Radial tilt adjustment method with partial response signal-to-noise ratio in high-density optical recording." In Contract Proceedings 2006, edited by Ryuichi Katayama and Tuviah E. Schlesinger. SPIE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.685226.
Full textReports on the topic "Contact partiel"
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Smartt, Heidi A., Michael B. Sinclair, William C. Sweatt, Juan A. Romero, and Michael McDaniel. Non-Contact Handheld Reader for Reflective Particle Tags. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1502897.
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Ley, M., Zane Lloyd, Shinhyu Kang, and Dan Cook. Concrete Pavement Mixtures with High Supplementary Cementitious Materials Content: Volume 3. Illinois Center for Transportation, September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/21-032.
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Fly ash is a by-product of coal combustion, made up of particles that are collected through various methods. This by-product has been used successfully as a partial Portland cement replacement in concrete, but the performance predictions of fly ash in concrete have been difficult to predict, especially at high fly ash replacement rates. This study focuses on comparing the performance of concrete with a variety of fly ash mixtures as well as the particle distribution and chemical makeup of fly ash. The slump, unit weight, compressive strength, and isothermal calorimetry tests were used to measure the performance of concrete at 0%, 20%, and 40% fly ash replacement levels. The particle distribution of fly ash was measured with an automated scanning electron microscope. Additionally, the major and minor oxides from the chemical makeup of fly ash were measured for each mixture and inputted into a table. The particle distribution and chemical makeup of fly ash were compared to the performance of slump, unit weight, compressive strength, isothermal calorimetry, and surface electrical resistivity.
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Halonen-Akatwijuka, Maija, and Oliver Hart. More is Less: Why Parties May Deliberately Write Incomplete Contracts. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, April 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w19001.
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Kim, Hyeyoung, Jihyun Lee, and Gerardo Reyes-Tagle. Standardized PPP Contract in Korea and its Implications for Latin America and the Caribbean. Inter-American Development Bank, November 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003708.
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The standardization of PPP contracts in Korea has played a key role in establishing PPP institutional frameworks in the civil law system in which there must be legal and institutional safeguards for the long-term PPP contracts. The reliability of standardized contracts is secured due to the fact that the standardized PPP contract has been prepared by the statutory PPP agency under the approval of the Ministry of Economy and Finance, an influential ministry within the government. The standardization of PPP contracts has been of great utility for both the competent authorities and private partners. The standardized contract has streamlined negotiations. The private partner was able to trust in the major risk allocation declared through the standardized contract in handling land acquisition, construction completion, operation and demand, and termination. We found out through our survey that there are similarities between Korea and LAC countries in that most LAC countries have adopted the civil law system and the countries have developed similar payment types for PPP and risk allocation principles. The experience and lessons on standardized PPP contract in Korea can be of great utility to LAC countries.
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PAWLOWSKI, ROGER P., and ANDREW G. SALINGER. Numerical Simulation of the Partial Catalytic Oxidation of Ethane to Ethylene in Short Contact Time Reactors. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/789248.
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Cairney, John T. Considerations in Working With Partner Air Forces - Context and Culture. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada519920.
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Blanchard, Olivier, and Augustin Landier. The Perverse Effects of Partial Labor Market Reform: Fixed Duration Contracts in France. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, April 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w8219.
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McKay, Tasseli, Megan Comfort, Justin Landwehr, Erin Kennedy, and Oliver Williams. Partner Violence After Reentry from Prison: Putting the Problem in Context. RTI Press, March 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2020.pb.0022.2004.
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Advocates have long raised concerns about the potential for partner violence after a spouse’s or partner’s return from prison, but few programs or policies exist to prevent it. In an era in which experiences of incarceration and reentry—and by extension, experiences of a partner’s or coparent’s incarceration and reentry—are commonplace in low-income urban communities, the safety of families reuniting after a prison stay merits serious attention. The current study examines qualitative data from 167 reentering men and their partners to identify contextual influences on post-prison partner violence. Insights from the data offer a valuable starting point for future research and for considering how prevention could effectively target economic, physical, social, and cognitive conditions at multiple social-ecological levels.
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Kirby, Stephen F. A Particle Rendering System For Displaying Cloud Liquid Water Content Data. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, July 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada330420.
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Navajas, Fernando, Daniel Artana, and Santiago Urbiztondo. Regulation and Contractual Adaptation in Public Utilities: The Case of Argentina. Inter-American Development Bank, June 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0008784.
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This paper (IFM-115) evaluates a set of contractual adjustments, renegotiations and disputes that have taken place in different public utility industries in Argentina since 1991, considering: 1) Whether the decisions analyzed are inside the initial contract or represent a modification of it; 2) Whether they were motivated by unexpected shocks, by "loopholes" in the initial contracts, or just responded to a contractual failure (holdup by one of the parties); 3) The actors involved in the disputes and "production" of these innovations; and 4) How these disputes were resolved. In addition, lessons from twelve case studies within the energy and infrastructure sectors are observed.