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Journal articles on the topic 'Contact mechanism'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 23 November 2024

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1

Mankame, Nilesh D., and G. K. Ananthasuresh. "A Novel Compliant Mechanism for Converting Reciprocating Translation Into Enclosing Curved Paths." Journal of Mechanical Design 126, no. 4 (July 1, 2004): 667–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1759360.

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This paper introduces a novel contact-aided compliant mechanism that uses intermittent contacts to convert a single translatory reciprocating input into two output curves, which intersect to enclose a two dimensional region. Contact interactions endow contact-aided compliant mechanisms with enhanced kinematic and kinetostatic capabilities. The mechanism described in this paper is designed to undergo large deformations repeatedly, without yielding by avoiding flexural joints and by using contacts to obtain the desired deformation. A single-material, joint-free and planar design makes the mechanism easy and economical to fabricate at the macro or micro scales. The design is validated experimentally by manufacturing and testing macro scale prototypes. Two potential applications that motivated this mechanism are also noted.

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2

KO, Young-Joon, Dong Woo LEE, and Jonghoon JUNG. "Mechanism of Contact Electrification." Physics and High Technology 30, no. 1/2 (February 28, 2021): 2–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.3938/phit.30.001.

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Contact electrification has been a well-known phenomenon since B.C. 300. However, the origin of triboelectric charge and the charge transfer mechanism are not well understood. To date, the thermionic emission model, Schottky model, flexoelectric model, and intermolecular force model have been proposed for the contact electrification in conductors, semiconductors, and insulators. This article briefly introduces several important research results on the simple-seeming, but baffling, topic of contact electrification.

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3

Askerov, Shahlar Gachayogli, M. G. Gasanov, and L. KAbdullayeva. "The Influence of the Metal Microstructure on the Breakdown Mechanism of Schottky Diodes." Materials Physics and Chemistry 1, no. 1 (October 15, 2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.18282/mpc.v1i1.565.

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In this paper, the influence of the microstructure of a metal on the breakdown mechanism of diodes with a Schottky barrier is studied. It is shown that in electronic processes occurring in the contact between a metal and a semi-conductor, the metal plays a very active role and is a more important contact partner than a semiconductor. Unlike the known mechanisms of breakdown of diodes (avalanche, tunnel and thermal), another mechanism is proposed in this paper - the geometric mechanism of the reverse current flow of Schottky diodes made using a metal with a poly-crystalline structure. The polycrystallinity of a metal transforms a homogeneous contact into a complex system, which consists of parallel-connected multiple elementary contacts having different properties and parameters.

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4

Qiu, Hao Dong, and Hong Wang. "Studies on Quasi-Static Au-to-Au Ohmic Contact for MEMS Switches." Advanced Materials Research 254 (May 2011): 136–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.254.136.

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In this paper, studies on “quasi-static” region of ohmic-contact behavior for MEMS switches under low contact force and low current conditions were carried out. Random telegraph signals (RTS) observed during the transition period were carefully investigated. It is found that RTS in transition region could be consistently identified by multiple characteristic time constants. The RTS behavior with multiple time constants suggests that different contact mechanisms could involve during “quasi-static” contact region. A dominant mechanism with time constant of ~1 ms was observed for the Au-to-Au contacts used in this study.

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5

Becker, Detlef, and Jurgen Knop. "Mechanism in allergic contact dermatitis." Experimental Dermatology 2, no. 2 (April 1993): 63–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0625.1993.tb00010.x.

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6

Shimizu, H., Y. Yokota, M. Mizuno, and T. Kurokawa. "Wear mechanism in contact tube." Science and Technology of Welding and Joining 11, no. 1 (February 2006): 94–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/174329306x77885.

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7

Khurramov, Shavkat, Shukhrat Hurramov, and Akmal Sultonov. "Contact friction in roller mechanisms." E3S Web of Conferences 548 (2024): 06017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202454806017.

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An analytical dependence was obtained that describes the patterns of friction stress distribution in the contact zone of roller mechanisms. The patterns of distribution of friction stresses from external forces acting on the roll supports, geometric and kinematic parameters of the roller mechanism, and strain properties of the processed material and elastic coatings of the rollers were determined. Mathematical models of friction stress of roller mechanisms were developed, considering the kinematics of the contact zone, the kinematic connection between the working rolls, and the compliance of the material being processed. It was established that the ratio of friction stress to normal stress at the points of the contact zone of the roller mechanism is not constant, but changes at each point of the contact zone.

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8

Huang, Weiqing, Qunyou Zhong, Dawei An, Chenglong Yang, and Yi Zhang. "Mechanism and Experiment Study of Non-Contact Ultrasonic Assisted Grinding." Actuators 10, no. 9 (September 14, 2021): 238. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/act10090238.

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Ultrasonic-assisted grinding processing can effectively reduce the surface roughness and enhance the processing efficiency in the processing of hard and brittle materials. However, the most common ultrasonic assisted grinding is a type of contact ultrasonic grinding where the grinding tool directly contacts the workpiece, which means that it is necessary to accurately control the pre-pressure of the grinding tool on the workpiece. The control of pre-pressure will inevitably increase the complexity of the grinding device, and it is easy to wear the workpiece because of improper pre-pressure control. In this paper, a non-contact ultrasonic grinding method is proposed and the machining mechanism of non-contact ultrasonic grinding is revealed. The resonant frequency of the ultrasonic vibration system and vibration amplitude of the grinding tool working face were simulated and experimentally tested, respectively. Then, the experiment of non-contact ultrasonic grinding of a sapphire wafer was carried out. The result showed that non-contact ultrasonic grinding of the sapphire wafer could reduce the surface roughness by 48.6%. Compared with traditional contact grinding of sapphire wafer under certain pre-pressure conditions, the experimental results show that non-contact ultrasonic grinding has better effects in reducing surface roughness, improving processing efficiency, and improving the quality uniformity of the workpiece machining surface.

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9

Kuchuk, Andrian V., Krystyna Gołaszewska, Vasyl P. Kladko, M. Guziewicz, Marek Wzorek, Eliana Kamińska, and Anna Piotrowska. "The Formation Mechanism of Ni-Based Ohmic Contacts to 4H-n-SiC." Materials Science Forum 717-720 (May 2012): 833–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.717-720.833.

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In this work the electrical properties of Ni and Ni2Si contacts on n-type 4H-SiC were correlated to the strong structural changes at the contact/SiC interface upon annealing. We can conclude that only δ-Ni2Si grains play a main role in determining electrical transport properties of the Ni-based ohmic contacts to n-SiC. It is presumed that a recrystallization and texturization of δ-Ni2Si phase on (0001)SiC-surface during high temperature annealing (> 900°C) contributes to the change of barrier heights, as well as specific contact resistance of contacts.

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10

MAKABE, Chobin, Tateki YAFUSO, Takeshi SUZUKI, and Hideo YARA. "Effect of Contact Conditions on Mechanism of Rolling Contact Fatigue." Journal of the Society of Materials Science, Japan 50, no. 12 (2001): 1311–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2472/jsms.50.1311.

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11

Kocher, Matthias, Mathias Rommel, Paweł Piotr Michałowski, and Tobias Erlbacher. "Mechanisms of Ohmic Contact Formation of Ti/Al-Based Metal Stacks on p-Doped 4H-SiC." Materials 15, no. 1 (December 22, 2021): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15010050.

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Ohmic contacts on p-doped 4H-SiC are essential for the fabrication of a wide range of power electron devices. Despite the fact that Ti/Al based ohmic contacts are routinely used for ohmic contacts on p-doped 4H-SiC, the underlying contact formation mechanisms are still not fully understood. TLM structures were fabricated, measured and analyzed to get a better understanding of the formation mechanism. SIMS analyses at the Ti3SiC2-SiC interface have shown a significant increase of the surface near Al concentration. By using numerical simulation it is shown that this additional surface near Al concentration is essential for the ohmic contact formation.

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12

Niu, Yiran, Lin Li, Yanwei Zhang, and Shicai Yu. "Mechanism of the Breakage of Spherical Gypsum Particles under 3-Point Contact Conditions." Processes 9, no. 6 (June 11, 2021): 1029. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9061029.

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Particle breakage has a great influence on the mechanical properties of coarse-grained soil materials. In the structure, a particle usually contacts with several surrounding particles when breakage occurs. The crushing mechanism of spherical particles under three-point contact conditions was investigated theoretically and experimentally. In the theoretical analysis, the contact force required for particle breakage is solved by using a stress superposition method based on the ball–ball contact model. To verify the theory, particle contact tests of gypsum spheres under three-point contact conditions were carried out. The experimental results are consistent with the theoretical prediction. Different from the ball–ball contact test, the rupture surface after breakage is a fixed plane passing through all three contact points under three-point contact conditions. Under multi-point contact conditions, the size of the conical core depends on the normal force on the contact point at the moment of particle breakage. Multi-point contact makes particle breakage more difficult, and the stronger the constraint of surrounding spheres, the more difficult it is for the particle to break. Both the theory and the experiment provide evidence that the arrangement of particles affects the overall strength of the coarse-grained soil structure.

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13

Brenner, Michael P. "Instability mechanism at driven contact lines." Physical Review E 47, no. 6 (June 1, 1993): 4597–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physreve.47.4597.

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14

Dykha, Alexandr, Volodymyr Kukhar, Viktor Artiukh, and Maxim Aleksandrovskiy. "Contact-deformation mechanism of boundary friction." E3S Web of Conferences 164 (2020): 14004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202016414004.

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Research was conducted to determine the effect of lubricants on stress and strain in the contact of metal surfaces. Experiments were carried out on the introduction of a fixed and moving indenter in contact with a dry and lubricated surface.The steel spherical specimen was pressed into a lubricated and dry metal surface. The microstructures of the structure of the surface layer are studied under various conditions of deformation. The diagrams of the relative deformation of the surface layers are constructed. The mechanism of the formation and distribution of internal stresses for dry and greased contact is described. Experimental studies of the introduction of a moving steel indenter into a lubricated surface have been carried out. The relationship of the deformation mechanisms of lubricated surfaces with their wear resistance is determined. The results obtained are recommended for predicting the durability of lubricated friction units according to the criterion of contact strength.

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15

TAYLOR, A. J., and S. D. R. WILSON. "Centration Mechanism of Soft Contact Lenses." Optometry and Vision Science 73, no. 3 (March 1996): 215–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006324-199603000-00017.

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16

BIEBER, T. "The mechanism of protein contact dermatitis." Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology 11 (September 1998): S33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0926-9959(98)94656-6.

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17

Funkenbusch, Guo Ming T., and Richard C. Benson. "Centering Mechanism for Soft Contact Lenses." Journal of Biomechanical Engineering 121, no. 2 (April 1, 1999): 188–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2835103.

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A soft contact lens, because of its elasticity, can re-center itself over the cornea after it has been displaced by a blink. In this paper, a potential energy method is used to simulate the centering mechanism. Specifications for commercially available soft contact lenses and realistic eye shapes are used for the examples. With this technique we can compare the centering attributes of different lens and eye geometries.

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18

Favero, Jan P. "International space station mechanism contact simulation." Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology 77, no. 1 (February 2005): 4–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00022660510575993.

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19

Cui, Yuqing, Jelena Stojakovic, Hideomi Kijima, and Allan S. Myerson. "Mechanism of Contact-Induced Heterogeneous Nucleation." Crystal Growth & Design 16, no. 10 (September 20, 2016): 6131–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.cgd.6b01284.

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20

Kanyan, Lawrence. "Post-oil-migration structural deformation: a possible mechanism for the genesis of the tilted oil–water contact of the Mumbai High Oilfield, India." Petroleum Geoscience 26, no. 3 (July 31, 2019): 499–510. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/petgeo2019-016.

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The presence of a complicated, variable-depth oil–water contact (OWC) in the Early Miocene L-III carbonate reservoir of the Mumbai High Oilfield has been well established. The OWC dips towards the SW along a curved profile, but the gas–oil contact (GOC) is flat. Very little is known about the possible mechanisms that could have produced this complex fluid contact. In the absence of a horizontal pressure gradient, gravity should produce a flat OWC. In many fields around the world, where non-flat fluid contacts are observed, the contacts could be described as segmented, tilted or curved OWCs. Commonly believed mechanisms which produce such types of contacts are: fault compartmentalization, hydrodynamic flow, ongoing charge; and reservoir property variation. All these mechanisms fail to explain the tilted OWC of the Mumbai High. This paper proposes that another mechanism – structural adjustments after the migration of hydrocarbons into the palaeotrap – might have resulted in tilting or curving of the originally flat OWC of the Mumbai High. Such a phenomenon is likely to be observed in oil-wet low-permeability carbonate reservoirs. Imbibition-related hysteresis combined with diagenesis-induced property degradation in the water leg are the possible mechanisms that can prevent the OWC from equilibrating even after cessation of structural evolution.

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21

Kim, Jungyeol, Shirin Saeedi Bidokhti, and Saswati Sarkar. "Capturing COVID-19 spread and interplay with multi-hop contact tracing intervention." PLOS ONE 18, no. 7 (July 13, 2023): e0288394. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0288394.

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A preemptive multi-hop contact tracing scheme that tracks not only the direct contacts of those who tested positive for COVID-19, but also secondary or tertiary contacts has been proposed and deployed in practice with some success. We propose a mathematical methodology for evaluating this preemptive contact tracing strategy that combines the contact tracing dynamics and the virus transmission mechanism in a single framework using microscopic Markov Chain approach (MMCA). We perform Monte Carlo (MC) simulations to validate our model and show that the output of our model provides a reasonable match with the result of MC simulations. Utilizing the formulation under a human contact network generated from real-world data, we show that the cost-benefit tradeoff can be significantly enhanced through an implementation of the multi-hop contact tracing as compared to traditional contact tracing. We further shed light on the mechanisms behind the effectiveness of the multi-hop testing strategy using the framework. We show that our mathematical framework allows significantly faster computation of key attributes for multi-hop contact tracing as compared to MC simulations. This in turn enables the investigation of these attributes for large contact networks, and constitutes a significant strength of our approach as the contact networks that arise in practice are typically large.

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22

Sachenko, A. V., A. E. Belyaev, N. S. Boltovets, R. V. Konakova, Ya Ya Kudryk, S. V. Novitskii, V. N. Sheremet, J. Li, and S. A. Vitusevich. "Mechanism of contact resistance formation in ohmic contacts with high dislocation density." Journal of Applied Physics 111, no. 8 (April 15, 2012): 083701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3702850.

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23

Lee, Jong-Lam, and Jong Kyu Kim. "Ohmic Contact Formation Mechanism of Pd Nonalloyed Contacts on p-Type GaN." Journal of The Electrochemical Society 147, no. 6 (2000): 2297. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/1.1393524.

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24

Сокольская, Людмила, and Lyudmila Sokolskaya. "Mechanism of Legal Acculturation." Journal of Russian Law 3, no. 2 (February 4, 2015): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/7571.

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Acculturation - this intercultural contact of various societies. When contacting legal cultures subject to investigation legal of acculturation. The article reveals the mechanism of legal acculturation as a set of interrelated, interdependent methods, tools, techniques and factors providing intercultural contact of various societies. Parties acculturation: the society-recipient, society-donor, society-partner. In the process of legal acculturation are the following steps: identification of needs, borrowing, adaptation, perception (assimilation), result. Depending on the position of society enters into intercultural contact and acculturation distinguish legal mechanism such historical forms as reception, expansion, assimilation, integration and convergence. The author applied the historical-cultural studies approach.

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25

Ervin, Matthew H., Kenneth A. Jones, Un Chul Lee, Taniya Das, and M. C. Wood. "An Approach to Improving the Morphology and Reliability of n-SiC Ohmic Contacts to SiC Using Second-Metal Contacts." Materials Science Forum 527-529 (October 2006): 859–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.527-529.859.

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While nickel ohmic contacts to n-type silicon carbide have good electrical properties, the physical contact, and therefore the reliability, can be poor. An approach is described for using the good electrical properties of Ni ohmic contacts while using another metal for its desired mechanical, thermal and/or chemical properties. In the present work, once the Ni contacts have been annealed forming nickel silicides and achieving low contact resistance, they are etched off. Removing the primary Ni contacts also eliminates the poor morphology, voids, and at least some of the excess carbon produced by the Ni/SiC reaction. The Ni contacts are then replaced by a second contact metal. This second metal displays low contact resistance as-deposited, indicating that the critical feature responsible for the ohmic contact has not been removed by the primary contact etch. Not only does this approach provide more flexibility for optimizing the contact for a given application, it also provides some insight into the ohmic contact formation mechanism.

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26

Sachenko, A. V. "Mechanism of current flow and temperature dependence of contact resistivity in Au-Pd-Ti-Pd-n+-GaN ohmic contacts." Semiconductor Physics Quantum Electronics and Optoelectronics 16, no. 4 (December 16, 2013): 313–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/spqeo16.04.313.

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27

Yoshida, Nobuyoshi, and Tokihiko Taki. "Micropitting Generation Mechanism for Gears." International Journal of Automation Technology 2, no. 5 (September 5, 2008): 341–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2008.p0341.

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To determine the mechanism behind micropitting, we measured micropit shape occurring in surface durability test, based on the real contact area size formed by asperity interaction in surface roughness. Individual micropitting within surface roughness asperity does not exceed asperity size. Micropitting occurs due to contact stress increased by a high friction coefficient due to metallic contact. Stress analysis showed that maximum stress causes micropitting.

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28

Lv, Yang, Yi Lin Zhou, and Wei Kong. "The Effects of One Sided Gold Finish on the Reliability of Electrical Contacts under Fretting Conditions." Advanced Materials Research 118-120 (June 2010): 468–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.118-120.468.

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The electric contact is one of the most primary elements to affect the reliability of the electric systems. Gold finish can maintain high contact reliability but increase the manufacture cost. In this paper, the effects of one sided gold plated contacts with various thickness of gold finish on the contact reliability were investigated. The failure mechanism of the one sided gold plated contacts under fretting conditions was analyzed. The contact life and the optimum thickness of the one sided gold finish under fretting conditions was achieved and compared. The effect of the curvature of the probes on the contact life was also discussed.

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29

Wzorek, Marek, Andrzej Czerwiński, Andrian V. Kuchuk, Jacek Ratajczak, Ania Piotrowska, and Jerzy Kątcki. "Ni-Based Ohmic Contacts to Silicon Carbide Examined by Electron Microscopy." Solid State Phenomena 186 (March 2012): 82–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.186.82.

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Ni/Si multilayer contact structures to 4H-SiC after subsequent annealing steps are investigated with electron microscopy methods. After high temperature annealing step, specific defects in the contact structures are observed. The influence of phase transformations during annealings on the morphology on the contacts is discussed and the explanation of formation mechanism of voids within contact layer is proposed.

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30

Blanchong, Julie A., Kim T. Scribner, Alexandra N. Kravchenko, and Scott R. Winterstein. "TB-infected deer are more closely related than non-infected deer." Biology Letters 3, no. 1 (October 24, 2006): 104–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2006.0547.

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Identifying mechanisms of pathogen transmission is critical to controlling disease. Social organization should influence contacts among individuals and thus the distribution and spread of disease within a population. Molecular genetic markers can be used to elucidate mechanisms of disease transmission in wildlife populations without undertaking detailed observational studies to determine probable contact rates. Estimates of genealogical relationships within a bovine tuberculosis-infected white-tailed deer ( Odocoileus virginianus ) population indicated that infected deer were significantly more closely related than non-infected deer suggesting that contact within family groups was a significant mechanism of disease transmission. Results demonstrate that epidemiological models should incorporate aspects of host ecology likely to affect the probability of disease transmission.

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Karan, Sasa, Branko Baljak, Nikola Vukosav, Nemanja Gvozdenovic, and Srdjan Ninkovic. "Mechanisms of anterior cruciate ligament injury." Medical review 76, no. 1-2 (2023): 42–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/mpns2302042k.

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Introduction. The goal of this study is to analyze the mechanisms of injury of patients diagnosed with anterior cruciate ligament injury and their correlation with risk factors in our clinical material. Material and Methods. The study included 1,471 patients, 1192 male and 279 female, with a diagnosed anterior cruciate ligament injury, that were surgically treated in the period between the end of January 2012 and the middle of June 2018. Results. Of the total number of women, around 51% sustained the injury when changing direction, 35% during landing, and 12% during a collision. Among men, 46% sustained injuries during a change of direction, 30% during landing, while the percentage of injuries sustained during a collision was higher than among women, amounting to 23%. The impact of gender on the type of injury mechanism and on the injury mechanism is statistically significant. The incidence of left knee injuries is higher in non-contact injuries, while right knee injuries are more common in contact injuries. The level of sports activity showed no statistically significant impact on the type of the mechanism of injury, but its impact on the category of mechanism of injury proved to be statistically significant. The impact of sport on the type of the mechanism of injury, as well as on the mechanism of injury categories was statistically significant. Non-contact injuries commonly occurred during the warm-up, beginning and end of a training session, while collisions mostly occurred halfway through the activity. Contact injuries were most often sustained on grass and training mats, while non-contact injuries occurred more often on other surfaces. Conclusion. Most participants sustained injury through non-contact mechanisms and the most frequent noncontact mechanism is change of direction.

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Sai, P. O., N. V. Safryuk-Romanenko, D. B. But, G. Cywiński, N. S. Boltovets, P. N. Brunkov, N. V. Jmeric, S. V. Ivanov, and V. V. Shynkarenko. "Features of the Formation of Ohmic Contacts to n+-InN." Ukrainian Journal of Physics 64, no. 1 (January 30, 2019): 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/ujpe64.1.56.

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We report about a study of the formation and current transport mechanism of ohmic contacts to n+-InN with electron concentrations of 2×1018, 8×1018, and 4×1019 cm−3. Pd/Ti/Au ohmic contacts are formed by the proposed approach of simultaneous magnetron metal deposition and in-situ temperature annealing, which allows obtaining a low contact resistivity (4.20±2.67)×10−6 Ohm· cm2. The additional rapid thermal annealing in the temperature interval 350–400 ∘C is used to improve further contact characteristics. Optimal parameters of the temperature treatment are determined by statistic methods. As for the current transport mechanism, the unusual growing temperature behavior of contact resistivity is observed in the wide temperature range 4.2–380K for each doping level of InN films. The mechanism of thermionic current flow explains the current transport through metal shunts, which is associated with the conducting dislocations. The extracted density of conducting metal shunts has a good agreement with experimental values of the screw and edge dislocation densities experimentally obtained by high-resolution X-ray diffraction. Additionally, from the obtained contact resistivity temperature dependences, we can argue about the metal, which penetrates dislocations and forms shunts.

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33

Matveevsky, Sergey, Oxana Kolomiets, Aleksey Bogdanov, Elena Alpeeva, and Irina Bakloushinskaya. "Meiotic Chromosome Contacts as a Plausible Prelude for Robertsonian Translocations." Genes 11, no. 4 (April 2, 2020): 386. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes11040386.

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Robertsonian translocations are common chromosomal alterations. Chromosome variability affects human health and natural evolution. Despite the significance of such mutations, no mechanisms explaining the emergence of such translocations have yet been demonstrated. Several models have explored possible changes in interphase nuclei. Evidence for non-homologous chromosomes end joining in meiosis is scarce, and is often limited to uncovering mechanisms in damaged cells only. This study presents a primarily qualitative analysis of contacts of non-homologous chromosomes by short arms, during meiotic prophase I in the mole vole, Ellobius alaicus, a species with a variable karyotype, due to Robertsonian translocations. Immunocytochemical staining of spermatocytes demonstrated the presence of four contact types for non-homologous chromosomes in meiotic prophase I: (1) proximity, (2) touching, (3) anchoring/tethering, and (4) fusion. Our results suggest distinct mechanisms for chromosomal interactions in meiosis. Thus, we propose to change the translocation mechanism model from ‘contact first’ to ‘contact first in meiosis’.

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34

Li, Cong, Jing Li, and Xiang Li. "Evolving Nature of Human Contact Networks with Its Impact on Epidemic Processes." Complexity 2021 (February 2, 2021): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6643658.

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Human contact networks constitute a multitude of individuals and pairwise contacts among them. However, the dynamic nature, which generates the evolution of human contact networks, of contact patterns is unknown yet. Here, we analyse three empirical datasets and identify two crucial mechanisms of the evolution of temporal human contact networks, i.e., the activity state transition laws for an individual to be socially active and the contact establishment mechanism that active individuals adopt. We consider both of the two mechanisms to propose a temporal network model, the so-called memory-driven (MD) model, of human contact networks. Then, we study the susceptible-infected (SI) spreading processes on empirical human contact networks as well as four corresponding temporal network models and compare the full prevalence time of SI processes with various infection rates on the networks. The full prevalence time of SI processes in the MD model is the same as that in real-world human contact networks. Moreover, we find that the individual activity state transition promotes the spreading process, while the contact establishment of active individuals suppresses the prevalence. Besides, we observe that individuals who establish social ties with a small exploring rate are still able to induce an endemic which prevails in the networks. The study offers new insights to predict and control the diffusion processes on networks.

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35

WANG, Weizu. "Mechanism of boundary lubrication under point contact." Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering (English Edition) 19, no. 04 (2006): 618. http://dx.doi.org/10.3901/cjme.2006.04.618.

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36

FUJII, Fumio. "Slider Mechanism Motion as a Contact Problem." Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers Series A 57, no. 541 (1991): 2202–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/kikaia.57.2202.

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37

Barbaud, Annick. "Mechanism and diagnosis of protein contact dermatitis." Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology 20, no. 2 (April 2020): 117–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/aci.0000000000000621.

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Lu, Xiaolong, Junhui Hu, Satyanarayan Bhuyan, and Shiyang Li. "An ultrasonic contact-type position restoration mechanism." Review of Scientific Instruments 85, no. 12 (December 2014): 124901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4902144.

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TAKANE, Eri, Kenjiro TADAKUMA, Tomonari YAMAMOTO, Masashi Konyo, and Satoshi TADOKORO. "Omnidirectional Crawler Mechanism with Surface of Contact." Proceedings of JSME annual Conference on Robotics and Mechatronics (Robomec) 2016 (2016): 1A2–08b5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmermd.2016.1a2-08b5.

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Song, Jun, and David J. Srolovitz. "Mechanism for material transfer in asperity contact." Journal of Applied Physics 104, no. 12 (December 15, 2008): 124312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3043582.

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Leibner, Efraim D., James W. Brodsky, Fabian E. Pollo, Brian S. Baum, and Bentley W. Edmonds. "Unloading Mechanism in the Total Contact Cast." Foot & Ankle International 27, no. 4 (April 2006): 281–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/107110070602700409.

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Volosyuk, M. A., and E. M. Protsenko. "Contact formation mechanism between squeezed crystalline solids." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 907 (August 26, 2020): 012045. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/907/1/012045.

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Lee, Lieng-Huang. "Dual mechanism for metal-polymer contact electrification." Journal of Electrostatics 32, no. 1 (January 1994): 1–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-3886(94)90026-4.

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Iwamatsu, Tadashi, Nobuyuki Azuma, and Toshihiko Takaya. "Ghost Mechanism of Single-Component Contact Development." NIP & Digital Fabrication Conference 14, no. 1 (January 1, 1998): 413–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2352/issn.2169-4451.1998.14.1.art00020_2.

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Moon, Yong-Mo. "Bio-mimetic design of finger mechanism with contact aided compliant mechanism." Mechanism and Machine Theory 42, no. 5 (May 2007): 600–611. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mechmachtheory.2006.04.014.

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KAMOSHITA, Yuta, and Hiroshi YAMAURA. "P-DVM-01 Study on a novel magnetic head positioning mechanism using contact force(Drive Mechanisms,Technical Program of Poster Session)." Proceedings of JSME-IIP/ASME-ISPS Joint Conference on Micromechatronics for Information and Precision Equipment : IIP/ISPS joint MIPE 2009 (2009): 371–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemipe.2009.371.

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Jang, Ho Won, and Jong-Lam Lee. "Mechanism for ohmic contact formation of Ni∕Ag contacts on p-type GaN." Applied Physics Letters 85, no. 24 (December 13, 2004): 5920–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1835535.

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Ruciński, S. M. "Contact binaries." Symposium - International Astronomical Union 118 (1986): 159–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900151307.

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Abstract:

The most promising mechanism for the formation of contact binaries involves the orbital angular momentum loss (AML) and the resulting orbital decay of detached but close synchronized binaries. The efficiency of magnetic wind braking should abruptly decrease upon formation of a contact binary because of the transformation into a system of earlier spectral type and (possibly) of longer orbital period. The new primary of the contact system should have convective zone thinner than indicated by the surface temperature of the common envelope. The decrease in the coronal (X-rays and radio) activity of contact binaries, which is indeed observed, is used as an agrument that the AML efficiency in contact is relatively low and that the contact stage is considerably prolonged relative to adjacent stages. This small modification to the AML models is capable of explaining why many different contact binaries are observed in old systems like NGC188. The AML evolution is not the only mechanism leading to formation of contact binaries; some of them may have originated via Algol-like evolution. Thus, the observed contact binaries are probably a mixture of systems formed in different ways.

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Zhou, Hao, Qing Ji, and Pei Jiang. "Research on the Mechanism and Model of Contact Resistance." Advanced Materials Research 941-944 (June 2014): 580–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.941-944.580.

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Study on contact resistance is a fundamental content of electrical contact field. The causes of contact resistance are complex, and a reasonable theoretical model poses significant impacts on the study and practical application of contact resistance. This paper describes the generating mechanism and components of contact resistance, highlights the summary on the development of the model, and gives the calculation method of contact resistance in practical engineering application.

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Su, Huake, Tao Zhang, Shengrui Xu, Juan Lu, Hanghai Du, Hongchang Tao, Jincheng Zhang, and Yue Hao. "Mechanism of low Ohmic contact resistance to p-type GaN by suppressed edge dislocations." Applied Physics Letters 120, no. 22 (May 30, 2022): 222101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0090693.

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In this paper, an excellent Ohmic contact to p-GaN with a low specific contact resistance (ρc) of 2.0 × 10−5 Ω·cm2 is demonstrated using a patterned sapphire substrate (PSS) and oxidized Ni/Au contacts. GaN epitaxy with high crystal quality on the PSS, confirmed by high-resolution x-ray diffraction, played a key role in the improved Ohmic contact to p-GaN. The edge dislocations were annihilated during the epitaxial process on the PSS to afford a low surface dislocation density, which was in accordance with the results of transmission electron microscopy and cathodoluminescence spectroscopy. Furthermore, a reduced Fermi level and enhanced activation efficiency of Mg with suppressed segregation around the dislocations were demonstrated by Kelvin probe force microscopy and contact Hall measurements, respectively. A GaN p-channel metal oxide semiconductor device fabricated on the PSS displayed a twofold higher forward current density and superior gate controllability compared with that fabricated on a conventional sapphire substrate.

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