Academic literature on the topic 'Contact localizations'
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Journal articles on the topic "Contact localizations"
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Stevenson, B. R., M. B. Heintzelman, J. M. Anderson, S. Citi, and M. S. Mooseker. "ZO-1 and cingulin: tight junction proteins with distinct identities and localizations." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 257, no. 4 (October 1, 1989): C621—C628. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.1989.257.4.c621.
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The relative localization of ZO-1 and cingulin, the only two known components of the tight junction, was compared in Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells, chicken small intestine, rat kidney distal convoluted tubule, and a hepatoma cell line. Immunoblot analysis demonstrated that cingulin and ZO-1 are immunologically unrelated and that, in the colon, cingulin is a single polypeptide with a molecular mass of 140 kDa. Immunofluorescent localization of cingulin and ZO-1 in confluent monolayers of MDCK cells showed identical staining patterns. However, subconfluent MDCK cells showed distinct localizations of the two proteins. Both cingulin and ZO-1 were found at the plasma membrane only at areas of cell-cell contact, but cingulin was diffusely distributed within the cytoplasm, whereas ZO-1 showed a more clustered internal arrangement. Cingulin and ZO-1 were identically localized at the plasma membrane of hepatoma tissue culture (HTC) cells at sites of cell-cell contact. In chicken intestine examined at the ultrastructural level, immunogold particles associated with cingulin were found approximately three times farther from the junctional membrane than those affiliated with ZO-1.
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Abbass, M., G. Gilmore, A. Chalil, BG Santyr, AG Parrent, KW MacDougall, and JC Lau. "P.124 Subnuclear contact localization within the subthalamic nucleus in deep brain stimulation for Parkinson Disease." Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques 49, s1 (June 2022): S41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cjn.2022.215.
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Background: Therapeutic response from subthalamic nucleus (STN) deep brain stimulation (DBS) for Parkinson disease (PD) has been associated with proximity to an ideal target, commonly in the dorsal sensorimotor STN. Automated registration and atlas-based segmentation has allowed for contact localization within STN subnuclei. We sought to apply these methods to characterize the spatial distribution of our active contact placements. Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of 55 patients who underwent bilateral STN DBS for PD. Post-operative CT/MRI scans were non-linearly registered into a standard space, and DBS-electrodes were localized using Lead-DBS. 3-dimensional meshes from a segmented atlas (Ewert 2017) were utilized. Analysis was performed in MATLAB R2019b. Results: Mean active contacts were within sensorimotor STN bilaterally, located posteroinferiorly compared to reported ideal targets. Centroids fell within (left/right): sensorimotor (46%/40%), associative (22%/22%), limbic (0%/2%) and outside STN (32%/36%). Principal components analysis demonstrated most spatial variance is explained by the first component (left 65.8%, right 61.9%). Conclusions: We obtained contact locations in relation to STN subnuclei, allowing for an anatomically guided approach to our analysis. 66% of the active contacts were located within the STN, and most of the spatial variation occurred along a single dimension. Future directions include utilizing subnuclei localizations to investigate clinical outcomes.
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Lai, Van-Vuong, Igor Paszkiewicz, Jean-François Brunel, and Philippe Dufrénoy. "Multi-Scale Contact Localization and Dynamic Instability Related to Brake Squeal." Lubricants 8, no. 4 (April 6, 2020): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/lubricants8040043.
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Friction-induced vibrations (brake squeal) produced during braking applications have been one of the major problems in the transportation for many years. It can be the most troublesome for passengers because of its high frequency and acoustic pressure. The role of frictional contact surface geometry on the occurrence of squeal was investigated recently by some researchers. However, it has never been systematically studied at different scales simultaneously. Contact localizations are induced on the one hand by macro effects such as thermal dilatation (macroscopic scale) and on the other hand, by the heterogeneity of third body (tribolayer) generated by friction (mesoscopic scale). The aim of this paper is to investigate the effect of contact localization at both scales through stability analysis on a simplified pad on disc system. The model has been developed numerically by the finite element method (FEM) to introduce a non-uniform contact at macroscopic and mesoscopic scales. The results showed a strong dependency between squeal frequencies and effective contact zone at macroscopic and mesoscopic scales for the investigated configuration. Especially, it is found that squeal frequencies depend on the contact area at a macroscopic scale whereas the probability of occurrence of squeal frequency strongly relies on mesoscopic contact distribution.
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Pöllänen, J., O. Saksela, EM Salonen, P. Andreasen, L. Nielsen, K. Danø, and A. Vaheri. "Distinct localizations of urokinase-type plasminogen activator and its type 1 inhibitor under cultured human fibroblasts and sarcoma cells." Journal of Cell Biology 104, no. 4 (April 1, 1987): 1085–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.104.4.1085.
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We studied the immunocytochemical localization of urokinase-type plasminogen activator (u-PA) and the type 1 plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1) in human fibroblasts and sarcoma cells, using both polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies. The u-PA was found to be located at discrete cell-substratum contact sites, and also at areas of cell-cell contacts, whereas PAI-1 was distributed as a homogeneous carpet excluding strialike areas on the substrate under the cells. To confirm the extracellular localization of u-PA and PAI-1, we stained the cells live at 0 degree C before fixation. A double-labeling experiment showed different distribution of u-PA and PAI-1 under the cells, and especially their peripheral parts. The staining pattern of u-PA and PAI-1 resisted treatment with 0.2% saponin followed by mechanical removal of cells, a method previously reported to isolate focal contact membranes of fibroblasts. We further demonstrated the deposition of u-PA to the contact areas of cells obtained by saponin treatment by zymography, and that of PAI-1 by metabolic labeling, reverse zymography, immunoblotting, and immunoprecipitation. Fibronectin was also present in the preparations. The deposition of both PAI-1 and fibronectin by the sarcoma cells was enhanced, after treating the cells with 10(-6) M dexamethasone. The confinement of u-PA to discrete contact sites and the more uniform distribution of PAI-1 on the cell substratum may explain how cells producing large amounts of enzyme inhibitors can produce PA-mediated focal proteolysis.
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Pöllänen, J., K. Hedman, L. S. Nielsen, K. Danø, and A. Vaheri. "Ultrastructural localization of plasma membrane-associated urokinase-type plasminogen activator at focal contacts." Journal of Cell Biology 106, no. 1 (January 1, 1988): 87–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.106.1.87.
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We have recently shown that urokinase-type plasminogen activator (u-PA) and plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 are both found extracellularly beneath cultured human skin fibroblasts and HT-1080 sarcoma cells, but in distinct localizations. Here, the ultrastructural distribution of u-PA was studied using immunoferritin electron microscopy. In HT-1080 cells, u-PA on the extracellular aspect of the plasma membrane was detected at sites of direct contact of the cell with the growth substratum beneath all parts of the ventral cell surface. The ferritin-labeled adhesion plaques, which were enriched in submembraneous microfilaments, were frequently seen at the leading lamellae of the cells as well as in lamellipodia and microspikes. Besides the cell-substratum adhesion plaques, ferritin label was detected at cell-cell contact sites. Double-label immunofluorescence showed a striking colocalization of u-PA and vinculin in both HT-1080 cells and WI-38 lung fibroblasts, which is consistent with u-PA being a focal contact component. The u-PA-containing focal contacts of WI-38 cells had no direct codistribution with fibronectin fibrils. In WI-38 cells made stationary by cultivation in a medium containing 0.5% FCS, vinculin plaques became highly elongated and more centrally located, whereas u-PA immunolabel disappeared from such focal adhesions. These findings show that plasma membrane-associated u-PA is an intrinsic component of focal contacts, where, we propose, it enables directional proteolysis for cell migration and invasion.
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Gao, Mingming, and Hongyuan Yang. "VPS13: A lipid transfer protein making contacts at multiple cellular locations." Journal of Cell Biology 217, no. 10 (September 4, 2018): 3322–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201808151.
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The evolutionarily conserved VPS13 proteins localize to multiple membrane contact sites though their function and regulation has been elusive. Bean et al. (2018. J. Cell Biol. https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201804111) found that competitive adaptors control the different localizations of yeast Vps13p, while Kumar et al. (2018. J. Cell Biol. https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201807019) provide biochemical and structural evidence for VPS13 proteins in the nonvesicular transport of phospholipids.
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Bolivar, I., and J. Guiard-Maffia. "Cellular localization of the SerH surface antigen in Tetrahymena thermophila." Journal of Cell Science 94, no. 2 (October 1, 1989): 343–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jcs.94.2.343.
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We have purified the SerH surface antigen of T. thermophila by a novel and simple procedure and produced specific antisera against it. By the use of various immunochemical techniques, we have investigated the intracellular distribution of the antigen and shown that SerH is not only abundant in the cortex but also in the digestive apparatus of the ciliate. In each of these two localizations, SerH occupies a variety of compartments: in the cortex it can be found in the surface coat, the exocytotic mucocysts, the endocytotic parasomal sacs and as an integral protein of the membrane; in the digestive apparatus, SerH is found around ingested bacteria, in the cytoplasm surrounding the cytopharynx and the forming food vacuoles, and, seemingly, as a membrane-associated protein in young food vacuoles. Pulse-chase experiments have shown that feeding dramatically increases the global turnover of SerH. Besides these localizations, SerH is principally found in clumps around dense intracytoplasmic spheres, which could be mucocyst precursors. Indirect evidence is presented that SerH is routed to the peripheral or extracellular compartments via the mucocysts. The antigen is absent from alveolar, nuclear or mitochondrial membranes. We propose that SerH covers any membrane in contact or future contact with the extracellular medium.
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Ndour, Mamour, and Birahim Gueye. "Mlouma: to connect the agricultural products market players." Emerald Emerging Markets Case Studies 6, no. 3 (September 28, 2016): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eemcs-10-2016-0276.
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Subject area Social entrepreneurship/social innovation. Study level/applicability This real case targets license and master’s students as part of an ongoing course on social entrepreneurship, social innovation, in one word, on entrepreneurship. Case overview Mlouma is a platform based on Web, SMS, USSD, mobile application and call center. This social enterprise keeps farmers in contact with food buyers by displaying real-time market prices and localizations. The service will improve the efficiency of the agriculture supply chain, helping farmers to get a better price for their product. By introducing information and communication technology, Mlouma provides innovative solutions to the market failure by creating more value for producers and consumers. Expected learning outcomes This case shows the importance of the entrepreneurial orientation of social enterprises to adapt to its context and discuss theory of social entrepreneurship. Supplementary materials Teaching Notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or email support@emeraldinsight.com to request teaching notes. Subject code CSS 3: Entrepreneurship.
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Arango-Argoty, G. A., J. A. Jaramillo-Garzón, and G. Castellanos-Domínguez. "Feature extraction by statistical contact potentials and wavelet transform for predicting subcellular localizations in gram negative bacterial proteins." Journal of Theoretical Biology 364 (January 2015): 121–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtbi.2014.08.051.
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Frangieh, Joseph, Yannick Desplanques, Ruddy Mann, and Philippe Dufrenoy. "Downscaling for disc-brake wear testing using a thermomechanical approach." Mechanics & Industry 24 (2023): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/meca/2023016.
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Brake wear has been identified to be an important source of non-exhaust emissions in transportation. The high dissipated energy in the contact not only results in large frictional heat dissipation in the brake components but also in the generation of debris, particles and gases produced by the wear of both pads and disc. Numerical simulation or tribological tests at the material scale are still not sufficient to predict wear. Experiments at the original scale of the brake system are necessary, with a significant implementation time, high costs and with a limited scope. The aim of the present work is a downscaling strategy to design experiments at reduced scale (i.e. pin-on-disc tribometer scale) taking care of the thermomechanical characteristics of the full-scale braking situation in the case of a railway application. This approach requires a complete understanding of the thermomechanical processes occurring during braking, with respect to the contact loading, the thermal localizations (migrating hot bands), the kinematics of contact opening and closing, and the couplings with the tribological circuit and the wear processes. Their apprehension is based on tests carried out on a full-scale bench equipped with the studied railway brake. A numerical model has been developed to interpret the experiment with respect to the kinetics of contact location and opening-closing, and to identify the relative determinants, key to wear. The transposition of the brake configuration to the tribometer configuration is based on these determinants in the design of a wear-preserving tribosystem. For example, the design of the disc has been adjusted on the reduced scale pin-on-disc system to fit with the kinetical parameters of contact location previously described related to the wear determinants.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Contact localizations"
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Strubel, Nicolas. "Brake squeal : identification and influence of frictional contact localizations." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023ULILN059.
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En tant que radiations acoustiques intenses impliquant de conséquentes nuisances environnementales ainsi que de nombreux retours clients, le crissement des systèmes de freinage est un problème de vibration induite par frottement dépendant indubitablement de problématiques multi-physiques et multi-échelles. Parmi ces dernières, la structure du système, les paramètres opérationnels de freinage, les interfaces de contact frottant, couplés à une dépendance en température, ainsi que les non-linéarités de contact ou les aspects tribologiques, sont des éléments affectant considérablement le crissement, faisant de ce déplaisant bruit un sujet complexe à appréhender. Au sein de ce travail, le système complet de freinage est considéré, et plusieurs tendances principales sont identifiées au regard de l'influence des localisations de contact sur les émissions acoustiques.Des essais NVH sont réalisés, cette analyse implique différentes échelles d'intérêt visant à changer les caractéristiques de contact : les plaquettes de freinage sont modifiées d'une part à l'échelle macroscopique -avec la volonté de varier implicitement les zones de portance-, d'autre part à l'échelle mésoscopique -tendant à impacter l'évolution du circuit tribologique-. Le but inhérent est d'identifier les paramètres patins influençant le crissement, en affectant l'interface tribologique et engageant des différences de signatures acoustiques entre les expériences conduites.Des tests fortement instrumentés sont réalisés à l'échelle du système de frein complet, se focalisant sur différentes formes patins : le développement d'une instrumentation enrichie au travers d'un suivi in-operando des surfaces de contact via mesures thermiques, autorise l'accès à des informations de sollicitation supplémentaires, permettant le suivi des zones de portance supposées. L'emploi de méthodes de clustering est considéré afin d'analyser les données thermiques.Des simulations en stabilité impliquant corrélations expérimental / numérique sont effectuées. Des analyses sous-jacentes sont réalisées, en investiguant l'impact de caractéristiques de chanfreins sur le crissement, l'influence du coefficient de frottement, ou l'implémentation de formes globales d'usures. Qui plus-est, les simulations thermomécaniques sont ici d'intérêt, et l'introduction des zones de contact issues des méthodes de clustering est discutée.Bien que la considération du frein complet puisse impliquer de sévères dispersions expérimentales, des corrélations initiales entre les patins modifiés à différentes échelles -via des formes de patins à l'échelle macroscopique et des traitements thermiques à l'échelle mésoscopique- et les caractéristiques de bruit sont observées. Les essais avec instrumentation enrichie concluent que les localisations de contact peuvent varier pendant les tests NVH, dépendant des paramètres de sollicitation. Un lien particulier entre les conditions opérationnelles de freinage (pression, température), les localisations de contact, et le crissement est établi au travers des méthodes de clustering. Également, les tendances observées en simulation tendent à suivre celles expérimentales, et l'enrichissement des modèles via une description plus précise du contact peut présenter des améliorations quant à la capacité de prédiction du crissement de telles simulationsAs intense acoustic radiations implying consequent environmental nuisances and customer complaints, squeal noises in brake systems are friction-induced vibration issues indubitably depending on multiphysics and multiscales problematics. Among these latter, system structure, braking operational parameters, frictional contact interfaces, coupled to temperature dependency, as well as contact non-linearities or tribological aspects, are elements considerably affecting squeal, making from this unpleasant noise a complex problem to apprehend. In this work, the full scale system is considered, and several principal tendencies are identified regarding the influence of contact localizations on acoustic emissions.NVH tests are conducted, this analysis involves several scales of interest aiming at changing contact characteristics: pads are modified either at the macroscopic scale -with the will of implicitly varying load bearing areas-, or at the mesoscopic one -tending to impact evolution of the tribological circuit-. The inherent purpose is to identify pads parameters influencing squeal, by affecting tribolayer as well as engaging noise signature differences between conducted experiments.Heavily instrumented tests are realized on a full scale brake system, focusing on different pad shapes: the development of an enriched instrumentation through in-operando thermal surface tracking allows to access to supplementary solicitation informations, permitting to follow the assumed load bearing area. The employment of clustering methods is considered to manage the analysis of thermal datas.Experimental / numerical correlated stability simulations are conducted. Subsequent analyses are realized, by investigating pads chamfer characteristic impact on squeal, influence of coefficient of friction, or implementation of global pads wear shapes. Furthermore, thermomechanical simulations are of interest, and the introduction of previously clustered-defined contact areas into models is realized.Although the full brake system consideration can involve severe experimental dispersions, initial correlations between modified pads at different scales -via pad shapes for the macroscopic one, and thermal treatments of friction material focusing on the mesoscopic level- and noise characteristics are observed. Enriched instrumented tests lead to the conclusion that contact localizations can evolve during NVH tests, depending on solicitation variables. A particular link between braking operational parameters (pressure, temperature), contact localizations, and squeal features is established through clustering. Finally, observed simulated tendencies tend to follow experimental ones, and model enrichment via a more accurate contact description could present improvements regarding squeal prediction capability of such simulation
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Ausdenmoore, Benjamin D. "Synaptic contact localization in three dimensional space using a Center Distance Algorithm." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1320866829.
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Zwiener, Adrian Marc [Verfasser]. "Towards Robust Grasping with Contact Localization and Grasp Pose Detection / Adrian Marc Zwiener." München : Verlag Dr. Hut, 2021. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:101:1-2021100123331772210103.
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Erhardt, Johannes B. [Verfasser]. "Heating Characterization and Contact Localization of Miniaturized Implantable Planar Electrodes in MRI / Johannes B. Erhardt." München : Verlag Dr. Hut, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1219476803/34.
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Ma, Xiaoyan. "Transcription factor binding dynamics and spatial co-localization in human genome." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2017. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/269532.
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Transcription factor (TF) binding has been studied extensively in relation to binding site affinity and chromosome modifications; however, the relationship between genome spatial organisation and transcription factor binding is not well studied. Using the recently available high resolution Hi-C contact map of human GM12878 lymphoblastoid cells, we investigated computationally the genome-wide spatial co-localization of transcription factor binding sites, for both within the same type and between different types. First, we observed a strong positive correlation between site occupancy and homotypic TF co-localization based on Hi-C contacts, consistent with our predictions from biophysical simulations of TF target search. This trend is more prominent in binding sites with weak binding sequences and within enhancers, suggesting genome spatial organisation plays an essential role in determining binding site occupancy, especially for weak regulatory elements. Furthermore, when investigating spatial co-localization between different TFs, we discovered two distinct co-localization networks of TFs in lymphoblastoid cells, one of which is enriched in lymphocyte specific pathways and distal enhancer binding. These two TF networks have strong biases for either the A1 or A2 chromosome subcompartment, but nonetheless are still preserved within each, indicating a potential causal link between cell-type-specific transcription factor binding and chromosome subcompartment segregation. We called 40 pairs of significantly co-localized TFs according to the genome wide Hi-C contact map, which are enriched in previously reported, physical interactions, thus linking TF spatial network to co-functioning. In addition to the above main project, I also worked on a side project to find compute-efficient ways in scaling binding site strength across different TFs based on Position-Weight-Matrices (PWM). While common bioinformatics tools produce scores that can reflect the binding strength between a specific TF and the DNA, these scores are not directly comparable between different TFs. We provided two approaches in estimating a scaling parameter $\lambda$ to the PWM score for different TFs. The first approach uses a PWM and background genomic sequence as input to estimate $\lambda$ for a specific TF, which we applied to show that $\lambda$ distributions for different TF families correspond with their DNA binding properties. Our second method can reliably convert $\lambda$ between different PWMs of the same TF, which allows us to directly compare PWMs that were generated by different approaches.
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Casselmann, Lana [Verfasser], and Oliver [Akademischer Betreuer] Goertsches. "Torus Actions on K-Contact Manifolds : Basic Kirwan Surjectivity, Localization, and Residue Formula / Lana Casselmann ; Betreuer: Oliver Goertsches." Hamburg : Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1156462258/34.
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Geissbühler-Vogel, Daniella Maria. "Localization of glucose-6-phosphatase activity and of carbohydrates in boar caput epididymal principal cells /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 1997. http://www.ub.unibe.ch/content/bibliotheken_sammlungen/sondersammlungen/dissen_bestellformular/index_ger.html.
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Högger, Katharina Elisabeth Magdalena. "MMP-19 : cellular localization of a novel metalloproteinase within normal breast tissue and mammary gland tumours /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2001. http://www.ub.unibe.ch/content/bibliotheken_sammlungen/sondersammlungen/dissen_bestellformular/index_ger.html.
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Hassellöf, Daniel. "Position Determination using multiple wireless interfaces." Thesis, KTH, Kommunikationssystem, CoS, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-91861.
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This Master’s thesis studies different ways of exploiting the signal strength measurements from wireless interfaces for position determination. Difficulties include handling the fluctuating observations and their sensitivity to obstruction. We list important factors to take into account before describing a new system based on location fingerprinting and capable of integrating observations from multiple wireless interfaces. Compared to typical fingerprinting solutions, the training time is an order of magnitude shorter, but the location resolution is limited to locations of particular interest. In an office environment, the proposed solution determines the location correctly 80 percent of the time with sufficient precision for being used with context-aware services. In an open space environment, an incorrect location is reported 42 percent of the time.Det här exjobbet studerar olika sätt att använda signalstyrka från trådlösa gränssnitt för positionsbestämning. Några av svårigheterna ligger i att hantera observationernas fluktuationer och deras känslighet för obstruktion. De viktigaste faktorerna att ta hänsyn till tas upp innan ett nytt system beskrivs. Det är baserat på positionsigenkänning (location fingerprinting) och kan dra nytta av observationer från flera olika trådlösa gränssnitt. Jämfört med vanliga metoder för positionsigenkänning är träningstiden en storleksordning kortare, men positionsupplösningen är begränsad till ett visst antal positioner av särskilt värde. I en kontorsmiljö klarar den föreslagna lösningen att korrekt bestämma positionen i 80 procent av fallen med tillräckligt hög noggrannhet för att användas till kontextmedvetna tjänster (context-aware services). I en öppen rumslösning ger lösningen en felaktig position i 42 procent av fallen.
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Ebert, Andreas. "Microfabric evolution in pure and impure carbonate mylonites and their role for strain localization in large-scale shear zones /." Bern : Universität Bern, Philosophisch-naturwissenschaftlichen Fakultät, 2006. http://www.ub.unibe.ch/content/bibliotheken_sammlungen/sondersammlungen/dissen_bestellformular/index_ger.html.
Full textBooks on the topic "Contact localizations"
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Viviani, Alessandro, ed. Firms and System Competitiveness in Italy. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-6453-270-7.
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Recent evolution of the Italian industrial system shows how the concepts of localization/delocalization of economic production processes have very little to do with geographical and administrative borders. In this context, a very important and discussed element of complexity is represented by the evaluation of competitiveness. Problems regarding the concept and its proper measurement require a deep elaboration and regard the context of analysis, the information and the available statistical data sources. This book aims at discussing this complex phenomenon from a critical viewpoint both at a macro (economic systems) and at a micro (firms) level showing that they are intrinsically integrated.
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Guo, Yi. Freedom of the Press in China. NL Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789463726115.
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Western commentators have often criticized the state of press freedom in China, arguing that individual speech still suffers from arbitrary restrictions and that its mass media remains under an authoritarian mode. Yet the history of press freedom in the Chinese context has received little examination. Unlike conventional historical accounts which narrate the institutional development of censorship and people’s resistance to arbitrary repression, Freedom of the Press in China: A Conceptual History, 1831-1949 is the first comprehensive study presenting the intellectual trajectory of press freedom. It sheds light on the transcultural transference and localization of the concept in modern Chinese history, spanning from its initial introduction in 1831 to the establishment of the People’s Republic of China in 1949. By examining intellectuals’ thoughts, common people’s attitudes, and official opinions, along with the social-cultural factors that were involved in negotiating Chinese interpretations and practices in history, this book uncovers the dynamic and changing meanings of press freedom in modern China.
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Ho, Wai-Chung. Globalization, Nationalism, and Music Education in the Twenty-First Century in Greater China. NL Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789463729932.
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Globalization, Nationalism, and Music Education in the Twenty-First Century in Greater China examines the recent developments in school education and music education in Greater China – Mainland China, Hong Kong, and Taiwan – and the relationship between, and integration of, national cultural identity and globalization in their respective school curriculums. Regardless of their common history and cultural backgrounds, in recent decades, these localities have experienced divergent political, cultural, and educational structures. Through an analysis of the literature, official curriculum documents, approved music textbooks, and a survey questionnaire and in-depth interviews with music teachers, this book also examines the ways in which policies for national identity formation and globalization interact to complement and contradict each other in the context of music education in respect to national and cultural values in the three territories. Wai-Chung Ho’s substantive research interests include the sociology of music, China’s education system, and the comparative study of East Asian music education. Her research focuses on education and development, with an emphasis on the impact of the interplay between globalization, nationalization, and localization on cultural development and school music education.
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Šerý, Ondřej, Pavel Doboš, Ladislava Suchá, Jan Martinek, Stanislav Škop, Daniel Kaplan, Simona Surmařová, et al. Geografie bariér. Edited by Robert Osman. Brno: Masaryk University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/cz.muni.m210-9910-2021.
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The book Geography of Barriers: Examples of Good Barrier-free Practice offers a collection of texts that are interested in making space, services, and information accessible. Thus, the collection is primarily about barriers, their nature, localization, and possible effects. Under barriers, most people imagine material barriers for wheelchair users in the form of steps or sidewalk curbs. Only a few would think that barriers can be represented by loosely placed rugs, unfit lighting, large glass surface, a doorbell without visual output, unwanted attention, frequent asking and offering help, lack of language knowledge, pity, etc. Thus, the book broadens awareness of what can be considered a barrier. The texts are divided into three parts – theoretical, methodic, and empirical – and their arrangement follows the logic of thematic focusing from the most general to the most concrete types of barriers. While the theoretical part places the policies of accessibility into the wider context of scientific disciplines and their development – such as disability studies, disability geography or service design, the methodic part discusses the introduction of accessibility policies in the city of Brno, describing how it tried to make its space, services, and information more accessible. Finally, the empirical part offers 18 examples of relatively good barrier-free implementations that have been recently realized in Brno. This division reflects an effort to target several groups of readers. The first part thus addresses mainly students interested in accessibility issues, the second, methodic part is intended for politicians and municipalities searching for inspiration to implement their own accessibility measures and policies. The last part stating concrete examples of good barrier-free implementations is aimed at general public, at people who like to think about a whole range of topics related to accessibility of space, services, and information.
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Pirson, Yves, and Olivier Devuyst. The adult with renal cysts. Edited by Neil Turner. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199592548.003.0304.
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Cysts in children are unusual except in the context of congenital or inherited disease, but simple cysts become more common with age. So do the cysts of the most common inherited renal disease, autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease, so number of cysts, age, family history, and associated findings are all relevant. Localization and size, shape of cysts may point to other diagnoses as discussed in this chapter.
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Neisius, Andreas, Micheal E. Lipkin, Glenn M. Preminger, and James F. Glenn. Stone fragmentation techniques. Edited by John Reynard. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199659579.003.0017.
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After its implementation in 1980, shock wave lithotripsy (SWL) became the first-line treatment for more than 80% of patients with urolithiasis. During the last three decades, SWL technology has advanced rapidly in terms of shock wave generation, focusing, patient coupling, and stone localization. Indications for SWL have evolved as well. Although endoscopic treatment techniques continue to improve, SWL continues to be considered first-line therapy for the treatment of many urinary stones. This chapter reviews the fundamental principles of SWL and presents advances in lithotripsy technology such as shock wave generation and focusing, advances in stone localization (imaging), different energy source concepts, and coupling modalities. Our understanding of the pathophysiology and the physics of shock waves can enhance extracorporeal SWL efficacy while limiting complications. Finally, current indications for and contraindications to SWL depending on stone location and in context of the updated AUA/EAU Guidelines are discussed.
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Katirji, Bashar. Case 12. Edited by Bashar Katirji. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190603434.003.0016.
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Radial nerve lesion is the third most common mononeuropathy of the upper extremity seen in clinical practice, often presenting with wrist drop. The radial nerve has a long course in the arm with close contact to the humerus, which renders it susceptible to compression and trauma. This case highlights the clinical and electrodiagnostic findings of radial nerve lesion. The radial nerve has well distributed motor branches along its course which renders it a well suited nerve for localization by needle electromyography. This case also distinguishes radial nerve lesions from posterior interosseous nerve lesions, posterior cord plexus lesions, and lower cervical radiculopathies.
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Kahn, S. Lowell. Use of Contrast-Fortified Surgilube for Biliary Drainage in the Setting of Active Leakage. Edited by S. Lowell Kahn, Bulent Arslan, and Abdulrahman Masrani. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199986071.003.0083.
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Biliary leaks are a common clinical entity that may occur after trauma or surgery. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is the first choice of treatment for an active biliary leak. Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC) with drain placement (external or internal/external) is increasingly employed either alone or as an adjunct to endoscopy (Rendezvous procedure) or surgery. Performance of a PTC on the nondilated system remains technically challenging and is associated with extra needle passes and significantly longer fluoroscopy times. Technical challenges arise from needle localization of a small nondilated duct and the contrast that is injected will pass through the leak rather than distending and opacifying the ducts. This chapter describes the use of contrast-fortified Surgilube for biliary opacification in the setting of an active biliary leak.
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Berger, Tobias. Norms in Translations. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198807865.003.0002.
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This chapter develops a novel theoretical account of norm translation that is located in-between theories of norm diffusion and norm localization. Translations do not follow linear trajectories from ‘the global’ to ‘the local’. Instead, they unfold in a recursive back and forth movement between different actors located in different contexts. As norms are translated, two interrelated changes occur. Firstly, the meaning of norms changes in ways that make sense to people inhabiting a specific context. Secondly, the social and political dynamics of this context change as well. Both changes depend on the ardent work of translators who, as Walter Benjamin has argued, cannot simply transfer meaning but must recreate it anew. Norm translations therefore need to be investigated through analytical frameworks that capture this creativity and do not simply reduce translations to pathological deviations from seemingly uncontestable originals. This chapter develops such a framework for ‘the rule of law’.
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Blasi, Francesco, and Paolo Tarsia. Therapeutic approach in haemoptysis. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0127.
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The aim of diagnostic studies in patients with haemoptysis is two-fold—locate the source of bleeding and identify the underlying cause. A chest X-ray may be informative regarding conditions involving the lung parenchyma, pulmonary vasculature, or the heart, but may be normal in 20–40% of cases. A chest CT scan may allow correct localization of the bleeding site in 65–100% of cases. Contrast-enhanced CT scans allow high resolution angiographic studies that may be useful prior to planning bronchial arterial embolization. Bronchoscopy may allow identification of the site of bleeding, identify the underlying cause, help clear the airways from blood clots favouring gas exchange, and be a means to stop the bleeding. Treatment of haemoptysis varies from outpatient management to intensive care unit admittance. Choice of optimal management depends on the intensity of bleeding, degree of respiratory compromise, and severity of underlying cardiorespiratory status. Important steps in the management of patients with massive haemoptysis include resuscitation, airway protection and patient stabilization as the priority, subsequent localization of the site of bleeding, and specific interventions to stop the bleeding and prevent recurrence. Bronchoscopy may be useful in stopping bleeding through use of cold saline lavage, use of topical vasoconstrictive agents, or temporary endobronchial tamponade with a balloon catheter. The procedure of choice in many cases is selective bronchial artery embolization. With this procedure immediate control of bleeding may be obtained in 70–95% of patients, although recurrence has been reported in 10–30% of cases.
Book chapters on the topic "Contact localizations"
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Flaig, Dorothee, and Susan F. Stone. "Localization measures." In Local Content Requirements, 14–47. London: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003415794-2.
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Mahrenholtz, Oskar, and Josef Appeltauer. "Some Problems with Contact Forces of Threedimensional Metal Forming." In Anisotropy and Localization of Plastic Deformation, 635–38. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3644-0_148.
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Xu, Yaqian, Linglong Meng, and Klaus David. "Unsupervised Indoor Localization with Motion Detection." In Modeling and Using Context, 132–43. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-25591-0_10.
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Kirchner, Stefan, Johann Kroha, Peter Wölfle, and Elke Scheer. "Conductance Quasi-quantization of Quantum Point Contacts: Why Tight Binding Models Are Insufficient." In Anderson Localization and Its Ramifications, 303–15. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-45202-7_21.
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Pecka, Piotr, Mateusz Nowak, and Sławomir Nowak. "Content Localization for Non-overlay Content-Aware Networks." In Smart Spaces and Next Generation Wired/Wireless Networking, 520–28. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-22875-9_47.
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Salah, Albert Ali, and Lale Akarun. "3D Facial Feature Localization for Registration." In Multimedia Content Representation, Classification and Security, 338–45. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/11848035_45.
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Budina, Jan, Ondrej Klapka, Tomas Kozel, and Martin Zmitko. "Method of iBeacon Optimal Distribution for Indoor Localization." In Modeling and Using Context, 105–17. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-25591-0_8.
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Antoniazzi, Luca, and Luca Barra. "Internationalization and localization of media content." In The Routledge Handbook of Translation and Media, 74–90. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003221678-7.
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Xu, Yaqian, Sian Lun Lau, Rico Kusber, and Klaus David. "DCCLA: Automatic Indoor Localization Using Unsupervised Wi-Fi Fingerprinting." In Modeling and Using Context, 73–86. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-40972-1_6.
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Popleteev, Andrei, Venet Osmani, Oscar Mayora, and Aleksandar Matic. "Indoor Localization Using Audio Features of FM Radio Signals." In Modeling and Using Context, 246–49. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-24279-3_26.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Contact localizations"
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Strubel, Nicolas. "Disc brake squeal : influence of disc - friction material contact localizations." In FISITA - Eurobrake 2022. UK: FISITA, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46720/eb2022-fbr-015.
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Arango-Argoty, G. A., J. A. Jaramillo-Garzon, and C. G. Castellanos-Dominguez. "Contact potentials via wavelet transform for prediction of subcellular localizations in gram negative bacterial proteins." In 2013 35th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/embc.2013.6609582.
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Chang, L. "On the Shear Bands and Shear Localizations in EHL Films." In ASME/STLE 2004 International Joint Tribology Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/trib2004-64289.
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Liquid lubricants in elastohydrodynamic lubrication (EHL) are subjected to high pressures of the magnitude of 109 N/m2 (GPa). Under these high pressures, the lubricants in room temperatures are usually in the glassy state behaving as amorphous solids. Similar to the polymers, the lubricants exhibit elastic or visco-elastic behavior under low-shear-stress loading and plastic or visco-plastic behavior with high shear stresses. Recent laboratory experiments have revealed two types of localized shear responses that can take place in the lubricant bulk. The localized shear may be active in the EHL film and may play a significant role in the responses exhibited by the contact conjunction. A typical example is the EHL traction. This paper summarizes the up-to-date research related to the shear localizations.
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Chen, Kuo Hsiung, Chih-Chung Chang, and Jian Chan Lin. "Failure Localization by Using a Novel Backside Passive Voltage Contrast Methodology." In ISTFA 2011. ASM International, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.istfa2011p0396.
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Abstract Contact resistance from wafer acceptance test (WAT) data is one of the critical parameter to significantly affect fabrication process. While WAT data shows open/short fail, high resistance fail and leakage fail in contact chain structure, the first job in failure analysis (FA) field is to localize failure site. For example, High resistance failure and leakage failure sites can be localized by Infrared Ray Optical Beam Induced Resistance Change (IR-OBIRCH) detection. Most of open failure modes could be isolated by front side passive voltage contrast (PVC) technique. However, there is still a limitation to this technique while contacts are still connected to substrate in metal-1/contact/active chain structure. Active Voltage Contrast (AVC) [1, 2] is a good method to overcome this problem, but the major concern is how to mark the failure location in SEM based probing system. In this paper, we provide a novel backside passive voltage contrast method to improve the failure analysis technique. By thinning down silicon substrate to the active area, a new contact chain from active area is created. Therefore, novel backside PVC is applied to locate the failed site.
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Lee, Jon C., and J. H. Chuang. "Fault Localization in Contact Level by Using Conductive Atomic Force Microscopy." In ISTFA 2003. ASM International, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.istfa2003p0413.
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Abstract As integrated circuits (IC) have become more complicated with device features shrinking into the deep sub-micron range, so the challenge of defect isolation has become more difficult. Many failure analysis (FA) techniques using optical/electron beam and scanning probe microscopy (SPM) have been developed to improve the capability of defect isolation. SPM provides topographic imaging coupled with a variety of material characterization information such as thermal, magnetic, electric, capacitance, resistance and current with nano-meter scale resolution. Conductive atomic force microscopy (C-AFM) has been widely used for electrical characterization of dielectric film and gate oxide integrity (GOI). In this work, C-AFM has been successfully employed to isolate defects in the contact level and to discriminate various contact types. The current mapping of C-AFM has the potential to identify micro-leaky contacts better than voltage contrast (VC) imaging in SEM. It also provides I/V information that is helpful to diagnose the failure mechanism by comparing I/V curves of different contact types. C-AFM is able to localize faulty contacts with pico-amp current range and to characterize failure with nano-meter scale lateral resolution. C-AFM should become an important technique for IC fault localization. FA examples of this technique will be discussed in the article.
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Jacob, Peter J., and Elko Doering. "FIB voltage-contrast localization and analysis of contact via chains." In Microelectronic Manufacturing Technologies, edited by Kostas Amberiadis, Gudrun Kissinger, Katsuya Okumura, Seshu Pabbisetty, and Larg H. Weiland. SPIE, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.346925.
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Dick, A. J., B. Balachandran, and C. D. Mote. "Intrinsic Localized Modes and Nonlinear Normal Modes in Micro-Resonator Arrays." In ASME 2005 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2005-80255.
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In the solid-state physics literature, nonlinear phenomena such as localizations have been studied for a number of decades in lattice structures. These localizations, which occur in periodic and strongly nonlinear discrete systems, have been found to result from a combination of the discreteness and the strong nonlinearity rather than the defects or impurities in the system. Intrinsic Localized Modes (ILMs), which are defined as spatial localization due to strong nonlinearity within arrays of oscillators, have been studied recently in the context of coupled micro-scale cantilevers. Within this paper, the hypothesis that an intrinsic localized mode may be realized as a nonlinear normal mode is explored in order to gain a better understanding of this nonlinear phenomenon. It is believed that an understanding of this phenomenon would be valuable for the design of piezoelectric micro-scale resonator arrays that are being developed for signal processing, communication, and sensor applications.
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Rosenkranz, R., and W. Werner. "Comparison of Active and Passive Voltage Contrast for Failure Localization." In ISTFA 2007. ASM International, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.istfa2007p0331.
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Abstract In many cases of failure localization, passive voltage contrast (PVC) localization method does not work, because it is not possible to charge up conducting structures which supposed to be dark in the SEM and FIB images. The reason for this is leakage currents. In this article, the authors show how they succeeded in overcoming these difficulties by the application of the active voltage contrast (AVC) method as it was described as biased voltage contrast by Campbell and Soden. They identified three main cases where the PVC didn't work but where they succeeded in failure localization with the AVC method. This is illustrated with the use of two case studies. Compared to the optical beam based methods the resolution is much better so a single failing contact of e.g. 70 nm technology can clearly be identified which cannot be done by TIVA or OBIRCH.
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Rosenkranz, R., S. Döring, W. Werner, L. Bartholomäus, and S. Eckl. "Active Voltage Contrast for Failure Localization in Test Structures." In ISTFA 2006. ASM International, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.istfa2006p0316.
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Abstract The common Passive Voltage Contrast (VC) localization method has its limits in the case of substrate contact chains. Because of leakage currents it is not possible to charge up the open part of the chain. In two case studies it is shown, how the Active Voltage Contrast (AVC) method in FIB and SEM can help to localize faults in such structures.
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Wang, Sean, Ankit Bhatia, Matthew T. Mason, and Aaron M. Johnson. "Contact Localization using Velocity Constraints." In 2020 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iros45743.2020.9341751.
Full textReports on the topic "Contact localizations"
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Mulligan, Cian. Employment Potential of Renewable Energy in Saudi Arabia: A Value Chain Analysis. King Abdullah Petroleum Studies and Research Center, October 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.30573/ks--2023-dp15.
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Localization and local content mandates are an increasing presence in the global investment landscape, and the development of local content policy in Saudi Arabia will be an important factor in the lasting legacy of Vision 2030. While virtually all industries are targeted by local content mandates in Saudi Arabia, a sector tipped for strict targets and maximum local value added is renewable energy production. This is no surprise, as the abundant natural resources of sun and wind make the Kingdom well placed to be globally competitive in the sector, and as the industry is still in its infancy, an opportunity exists to localize from the ground up. This paper looks at the employment possibilities across the value chain of solar PV and onshore wind and, applying the unique characteristics of the Saudi labor force, investigates where localization mandates should target in order to optimize the benefits to the Saudi economy.
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S. Abdellatif, Omar. Localizing Human Rights SDGs: Ghana in context. Raisina House, June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.52008/gh2021sdg.
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In September 2015, Ghana along all UN member states endorsed the Agenda 2030 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) as the cardinal agenda towards achieving a prosperous global future. The SDGs are strongly interdependent, making progress in all goals essential for a country’s achievement of sustainable development. While Ghana and other West African nations have exhibited significant economic and democratic development post-independence. The judiciary system and related legal frameworks, as well as the lack of rule law and political will for safeguarding the human rights of its citizens, falls short of considering violations against minorities. Will Ghana be able to localize human rights related SDGs, given that West African governments historically tended to promote internal security and stability at the expense of universal human rights? This paper focuses on evaluating the commitments made by Ghana towards achieving Agenda 2030, with a particular focus on the SDGs 10 and 16 relating to the promotion of reduced inequalities, peace, justice and accountable institutions. Moreover, this paper also analyzes legal instruments and state laws put in place post Ghana’s democratization in 1992 for the purpose of preventing discrimination and human rights violations in the nation. The article aims to highlight how Ghana’s post-independence political experience, the lack of rule of law, flaws in the judiciary system, and the weak public access to justice are obstacles to its effective localization of human rights SGDs. Those obstacles to Ghana’s compliance with SDGs 10 and 16 are outlined in this paper through a consideration of human rights violations faced by the Ghanaian Muslim and HIV minorities, poor prison conditions, limited public access to justice and the country’s failure to commit to international treaties on human rights. Keywords: Ghana, human rights, rule of law, security, Agenda 2030
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Sengupta-Gopalan, Champa, Shmuel Galili, and Rachel Amir. Improving Methionine Content in Transgenic Forage Legumes. United States Department of Agriculture, February 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2001.7580671.bard.
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Leguminous forage crops are high in proteins but deficient in S- amino acids. It has been shown that both wool quality and milk production can be limited by the post-ruminal supply of sulfur-containing amino acids. Efforts to use conventional plant breeding and cell selection techniques to increase the S-amino acid content of alfalfa have met with little success. With the objective to increase the S-amino acid content of forage legumes, the goal of this project was to co- express the methionine rich zein genes from corn along with a gene for a key enzyme in methionine biosynthesis, aspartate kinase(AK). The zeins are seed storage proteins from corn and are groupec into four distinct classes based on their amino acid sequence homologies. The b-zein (15kd) and the 6zein (10kD and 18kD) have proportionately high levels of methionine (10%, 22% and 28%, respectively). Initial studies from our lab had shown that while the 15kD zein accumulated to high levels in vegetative tissues of transgenic tobacco the l0kD zein did not. However, co-expression of the 10kD zein with the 15kD zein genes in tobacco showed stabilization of the 10kD zein and the co-localization of the 10kD and 15kD zein proteins in unique ER derived protein bodies. AK is the key enzyme for producing carbon skeletons for all amino acids of the aspartate family including methionine. It is, however, regulated by end-product feedback inhibition. The specific objectives of this proposal were: i. to co-express the 15kD zein with the 10/18kD zein genes in alfalfa in order to enhance the level of accumulation of the 10/18kD zein; ii. to increase methionine pools by expressing a feedback insensitive AK gene in transformants co-expressing the 15kD and 10/18kD zein genes. The Israeli partners were successful in expressing the AK gene in alfalfa which resulted in an increase in free and bound threonine but not in methionine (Galili et al., 2000). Since our target was to increase methionine pools, we changed our second objective to replace the AK gene with the gene for cystathionine gamma synthase (CGS) in the co-expression studies. The first methionine specific reaction is catalyzed by CGS. An additional objective was to develop a transformation system for Berseem clover, and to introduce the appropriate gene constructs into it with the goal of improving their methionine content. Genes for the 15kD zein along with the genes for either the 10kD or 18kD zein have been introduced into the same alfalfa plant both by sexual crosses and by re-transformation. Analysis of these zein co-expressors have shown that both the IOkD and 18kD zein levels go up 5 to 10 fold when co-expressed with the 15kD zein (Bagga et al., MS in preparation). Incubation of the leaves of transgenic alfalfa co-expressing the 15kD and 10kD zein genes, in the rumen of cows have shown that the zein proteins are stable in the rumen. To increase the level of zein accumulation in transgenic alfalfa different promoters have been used to drive the zein genes in alfalfa and we have concluded that the CaMV 35S promoter is superior to the other strong leaf -specific promoters. By feeding callus tissue of alfalfa plants co-expressing the 15kD and 10kD zein genes with methionine and its precursors, we have shown that the zein levels could be significantly enhanced by increasing the methionine pools. We have now introduced the CGS gene (from Arabidopsis; kindly provided to us by Dr. Leustek), into the 15kD zein transformants and experiments are in progress to check if the expression of the CGS gene indeed increases the level of zein accumulation in alfalfa. We were not successful in developing a transformation protocol for Berseem clover.
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Christensen, Lance. PR-459-133750-R03 Fast Accurate Automated System To Find And Quantify Natural Gas Leaks. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), November 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011633.
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Miniature natural gas sensors weighing a few hundred grams with 10 ppb s-1 sensitivity towards methane and ppb s-1 sensitivity towards methane and ethane present the energy industry with cost effective ways to improve safety, comply with State and Federal regulations, decrease natural gas emissions, and attribute natural gas indications to thermogenic or biogenic sources. One particularly promising implementation is on small unmanned aerial systems (sUASs) flown by service providers or in-house personnel or even more ambitiously as part of larger network conducting autonomous, continual monitoring. This report describes refinement of the OPLS measurement system to include all ancillary instruments needed to put OPLS methane and ethane measurements into context for leak surveillance, localization, and quantification. Flights were conducted on a variety of VTOLs and fixed wing drones as described below to ensure that the overall system development resulted in a system that was platform agnostic. This report describes: - The complete agnostic OPLS measurement system.The individual components are described and their performance investigated.Technical issues that arose during testing and field deployment are described. - Field experiments of the refined OPLS measurement system at a real-world oil and gas production site.These experiments exercise the OPLS system's ability to do leak surveillance, localization, and quantification. - Laboratory development of the OPLS instrument to improve its performance in terms of signal-to-noise and accuracy. - Field experiments demonstrating the successful application of OPLS on a fixed-wing hybrid flown at altitudes higher than 50 m. - Field experiments demonstrating the utility of source attribution using the ethane measurement capability. There is a related webinar.
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Савосько, Василь Миколайович, Олександр Подоляк, Ірина Олександрівна Комарова, and Олексій Карпенко. Modern Environmental Technologies of Healthy Soils Contaminated by Heavy Metals and Radionuclides. E3S Web of Conferences, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/3784.
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Object of research: to systematize (taking into account the possible consequences to biosphere) the known technologies for ecological restoration of soils contaminated by heavy metals and radionuclides. Only a healing technology should be recognized as one possible methodology for solving any soil problems. For soils contaminated by heavy metals and radionuclides healing patterns is conceptually ordered into the following levels: mission, strategy, technology. The mission of healthy soil should be aimed at maintaining the chemical elements content within the optimum interval. The strategy of healthy soil involves the regulation of individual elements content in the soil. Ex-situ a soil healing technology is implemented outside the original pollution site. In-situ, a soil healing technology is carried out directly on the original pollution site. Excavation of the сontaminated soil layer is the first stage for ex-situ soil restoration. In the future it will be possible: 1) storage of contaminated soil at special landfills, 2) treatment of contaminated soil at a special reactor. All technologies for in-situ healthy of heavy metals contaminated soils can be ordered as: 1) localization, 2) deconcentration, 3) inactivation, 4) extraction.
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Liaga, Emmaculate Asige. Towards Local Approaches and Inclusive Peacebuilding in South Sudan. RESOLVE Network, October 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37805/pn2021.24.lpbi.
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The post-liberation peacebuilding in South Sudan, which largely drew from liberal peace theory, was employed between 2005 (after the signing of the Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA) and before the referendum, secession, and independence in 2011) and December 2013 (when it imploded into a civil conflict) and proved insufficient to sustain the fragile peace that briefly existed after the country’s secession from Sudan. After a protracted conflict lasting almost half a decade and the presence of multiple peace actors, the lack of a comprehensive and coordinated peacebuilding strategy proved detrimental. This failure is partly due to poor coordination between stakeholders and lack of local/domestic legitimacy, leading to insufficient peacebuilding and an aggravation of the 2013 conflict. Over the years, liberal peacebuilding strategies, which emphasize formal institution-building and statebuilding in fragile and conflict-affected environments, continue to produce mixed to poor results and fragile peace. This decline has resulted in the shifting of discourses and operations within peacebuilding, a paradigm shift that pays greater attention to localization and the local context in the conceptualization of peacebuilding objectives and strategies. This transformation promotes local ownership and inclusivity in peace processes and their dividends. The dialogue on inclusive peace has thus gained momentum, bearing a need to fully engage both states and societies in this process. The “local” in peacebuilding forms an important resource when solving root causes of conflicts, as in South Sudan, by improving awareness of the cultural and historical diversity in a given context.
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Arévalo-Sáenz, Alejandra, Borja Ferrández Pujante, and Fernando J. Rascón-Ramírez. Peritumoral Edema in Resected Meningiomas: Study of Factors Associated with the Variability of Postoperative Duration. Science Repository, March 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.31487/j.scr.2024.01.05.
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Background: It is well known that edema can persist after meningioma resection, and sometimes it is not resolved after this time. This study aimed to establish the relationship between a series of variables associated with meningioma or surgery, and the duration of postoperative edema. Methods: We conducted a retrospective study of 77 meningiomas resected at our institution between January 2016 and January 2018 with a maximum follow-up period of up to three years. The independent variables collected were demographics, tumor location, relationship with the sinuses (invasion/contact), relationship with arterial structures, deviation from the midline, volume (cm3), degree of initial edema, WHO histological classification, degree of atypia, degree of resection, previous embolization, and development of complications. The edema levels were classified according to the classification described by Ide et al. (1995): GR0, GR1, and GR2. Measurements were performed using FLAIR magnetic resonance sequences. Statistical analyses were performed using the SPSS 21. Results: Age (p=0.003), deviation from the midline (p=0.001), and tumor volume (p<0.001) were correlated with outcome using Spearman's test. Univariate analysis revealed that the localization (p=0.016), initial edema (p<0.001), degree of atypia (p=0.019), and presence of previous embolization (p=0.037) were statistically significant. In multivariate analysis, only age, initial edema, and embolization were significant independent predictors. Conclusion: These results suggest that the degree of initial edema, midline deviation, tumor volume, tumor location, degree of atypia, and previous embolization may be important predictors of postoperative edema duration.
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Elbaum, Michael, and Peter J. Christie. Type IV Secretion System of Agrobacterium tumefaciens: Components and Structures. United States Department of Agriculture, March 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2013.7699848.bard.
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Objectives: The overall goal of the project was to build an ultrastructural model of the Agrobacterium tumefaciens type IV secretion system (T4SS) based on electron microscopy, genetics, and immunolocalization of its components. There were four original aims: Aim 1: Define the contributions of contact-dependent and -independent plant signals to formation of novel morphological changes at the A. tumefaciens polar membrane. Aim 2: Genetic basis for morphological changes at the A. tumefaciens polar membrane. Aim 3: Immuno-localization of VirB proteins Aim 4: Structural definition of the substrate translocation route. There were no major revisions to the aims, and the work focused on the above questions. Background: Agrobacterium presents a unique example of inter-kingdom gene transfer. The process involves cell to cell transfer of both protein and DNA substrates via a contact-dependent mechanism akin to bacterial conjugation. Transfer is mediated by a T4SS. Intensive study of the Agrobacterium T4SS has made it an archetypal model for the genetics and biochemistry. The channel is assembled from eleven protein components encoded on the B operon in the virulence region of the tumor-inducing plasmid, plus an additional coupling protein, VirD4. During the course of our project two structural studies were published presenting X-ray crystallography and three-dimensional reconstruction from electron microscopy of a core complex of the channel assembled in vitro from homologous proteins of E. coli, representing VirB7, VirB9, and VirB10. Another study was published claiming that the secretion channels in Agrobacterium appear on helical arrays around the membrane perimeter and along the entire length of the bacterium. Helical arrangements in bacterial membranes have since fallen from favor however, and that finding was partially retracted in a second publication. Overall, the localization of the T4SS within the bacterial membranes remains enigmatic in the literature, and we believe that our results from this project make a significant advance. Summary of achievements : We found that polar inflations and other membrane disturbances relate to the activation conditions rather than to virulence protein expression. Activation requires low pH and nutrient-poor medium. These stress conditions are also reflected in DNA condensation to varying degrees. Nonetheless, they must be considered in modeling the T4SS as they represent the relevant conditions for its expression and activity. We identified the T4SS core component VirB7 at native expression levels using state of the art super-resolution light microscopy. This marker of the secretion system was found almost exclusively at the cell poles, and typically one pole. Immuno-electron microscopy identified the protein at the inner membrane, rather than at bridges across the inner and outer membranes. This suggests a rare or transient assembly of the secretion-competent channel, or alternatively a two-step secretion involving an intermediate step in the periplasmic space. We followed the expression of the major secreted effector, VirE2. This is a single-stranded DNA binding protein that forms a capsid around the transferred oligonucleotide, adapting the bacterial conjugation to the eukaryotic host. We found that over-expressed VirE2 forms filamentous complexes in the bacterial cytoplasm that could be observed both by conventional fluorescence microscopy and by correlative electron cryo-tomography. Using a non-retentive mutant we observed secretion of VirE2 from bacterial poles. We labeled the secreted substrates in vivo in order detect their secretion and appearance in the plant cells. However the low transfer efficiency and significant background signal have so far hampered this approach.
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Jander, Georg, Gad Galili, and Yair Shachar-Hill. Genetic, Genomic and Biochemical Analysis of Arabidopsis Threonine Aldolase and Associated Molecular and Metabolic Networks. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2010.7696546.bard.
Full textAbstract:
Since the amino acids threonine and isoleucine can be limiting in mammalian diet and there is interest in increasing their abundance in certain crop plants. To meet this need, a BARD proposal was written with two main research objectives: (i) investigate new avenues for manipulating threonine and isoleucine content in plants and (ii) study the role of threonine aldolase in plant metabolism. Research conducted to meet these goals included analysis of the sub-cellular localization of threonine aldolase in the plant, analysis of metabolic flux in developing embryos, over- and under-expression of Arabidopsis threonine aldolases, and transcriptional and metabolic analysis of perturbations resulting from altered threonine aldolase expression. Additionally, the broader metabolic effects of increasing lysine biosynthesis were investigated. An interesting observation that came up in the course of the project is that threonine aldolase activity affects methionine gamma-lyase in Arabidopsis. Further research showed that threonine deaminase and methionine gamma-lyase both contribute to isoleucine biosynthesis in plants. Therefore, isoleucine content can be altered by manipulating the expression of either or both of these enzymes. Additionally, both enzymes contribute to the up to 100-fold increase in isoleucine that is observed in drought-stressed Arabidopsis. Toward the end of the project it was discovered that through different projects, both groups had been able to independently up-regulate phenylalanine accumulation by different mechanisms. The Galili lab transformed Arabidopsis with a feedbackinsensitive bacterial enzyme and the Jander lab found a feedback insensitive mutation in Arabidopsis arogenate dehydratase. Exchange of the respective plant lines has allowed a comparative analysis of the different methods for increasing phenylalanine content and the creation of double mutants. The research that was conducted as part of this BARD project has led to new insights into plant amino acid metabolism. Additionally, new approaches that were found to increase the accumulation of threonine, isoleucine, and phenylalanine in plants have potential practical applications. Increased threonine and isoleucine levels can increase the nutritional value of crop plants. Elevated isoleucine accumulation may increase the osmotic stress tolerance of plants. Up-regulation of phenylalanine biosynthesis can be used to increase the production of downstream higher-value plant metabolites of biofuel feed stocks.
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Ostersetzer-Biran, Oren, and Alice Barkan. Nuclear Encoded RNA Splicing Factors in Plant Mitochondria. United States Department of Agriculture, February 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2009.7592111.bard.
Full textAbstract:
Mitochondria are the site of respiration and numerous other metabolic processes required for plant growth and development. Increased demands for metabolic energy are observed during different stages in the plants life cycle, but are particularly ample during germination and reproductive organ development. These activities are dependent upon the tight regulation of the expression and accumulation of various organellar proteins. Plant mitochondria contain their own genomes (mtDNA), which encode for a small number of genes required in organellar genome expression and respiration. Yet, the vast majority of the organellar proteins are encoded by nuclear genes, thus necessitating complex mechanisms to coordinate the expression and accumulation of proteins encoded by the two remote genomes. Many organellar genes are interrupted by intervening sequences (introns), which are removed from the primary presequences via splicing. According to conserved features of their sequences these introns are all classified as “group-II”. Their splicing is necessary for organellar activity and is dependent upon nuclear-encoded RNA-binding cofactors. However, to-date, only a tiny fraction of the proteins expected to be involved in these activities have been identified. Accordingly, this project aimed to identify nuclear-encoded proteins required for mitochondrial RNA splicing in plants, and to analyze their specific roles in the splicing of group-II intron RNAs. In non-plant systems, group-II intron splicing is mediated by proteins encoded within the introns themselves, known as maturases, which act specifically in the splicing of the introns in which they are encoded. Only one mitochondrial intron in plants has retained its maturaseORF (matR), but its roles in organellar intron splicing are unknown. Clues to other proteins required for organellar intron splicing are scarce, but these are likely encoded in the nucleus as there are no other obvious candidates among the remaining ORFs within the mtDNA. Through genetic screens in maize, the Barkan lab identified numerous nuclear genes that are required for the splicing of many of the introns within the plastid genome. Several of these genes are related to one another (i.e. crs1, caf1, caf2, and cfm2) in that they share a previously uncharacterized domain of archaeal origin, the CRM domain. The Arabidopsis genome contains 16 CRM-related genes, which contain between one and four repeats of the domain. Several of these are predicted to the mitochondria and are thus postulated to act in the splicing of group-II introns in the organelle(s) to which they are localized. In addition, plant genomes also harbor several genes that are closely related to group-II intron-encoded maturases (nMats), which exist in the nucleus as 'self-standing' ORFs, out of the context of their cognate "host" group-II introns and are predicted to reside within the mitochondria. The similarity with known group-II intron splicing factors identified in other systems and their predicted localization to mitochondria in plants suggest that nuclear-encoded CRM and nMat related proteins may function in the splicing of mitochondrial-encoded introns. In this proposal we proposed to (i) establish the intracellular locations of several CRM and nMat proteins; (ii) to test whether mutations in their genes impairs the splicing of mitochondrial introns; and to (iii) determine whether these proteins are bound to the mitochondrial introns in vivo.