Journal articles: 'Contact lenses; Orthokeratology'

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Conway, Martin. "Orthokeratology for soft lens dryness." Eye 22, no. 130 (June 2020): 22–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.33791/2222-4408-2020-2-22-24.

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Most users of soft contact lenses sooner or later face the problem of dry eyes when wearing them. Despite the development of polymer chemistry for contact lenses, which include additional moisturizing components, this problem is still relevant today. The use of tear substitutes and moisturizers is effective at the initial stage of treatment. In this regard, the appointment of orthokeratological lenses to users with soft contact lenses may be one of the possible solutions, including in patients of presbyopic age.

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Olenich, Mariya. "Use of orthokeratology contact lenses in the treatment of progressive myopia." Spravočnik vrača obŝej praktiki (Journal of Family Medicine), no. 7 (July 1, 2020): 18–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/med-10-2007-02.

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Orthokeratology is a method of non-surgical correction of refraction, which is based on the principle of biomechanical changes in the curvature of the cornea under the influence of «reverse geometry». This method was developed more than 50 years ago, however, it became widely used only in the early 2000s. The basis of this method is the use of special orthokeratology lenses that patients wear during the night. Peculiarity of these lenses is the ability to change curvature of the cornea, resulting in a flattening of its central part and thickening of the paracentral and peripheral sections, which leads to the formation of positive spherical aberration of the optical system. Such changes in the cornea resulting from partial desquamation of keratocytes and changes in their shape during 7–8 hours of influence during the night, lead to the normalization of refraction, which persists for the next 24 hours. Most often this method of vision correction is used in children and adolescents, since it allows not only to optimize visual acuity for a certain period of time, but also to stop the progression of myopia. Another indication for the correction of vision using orthokeratology lenses includes active sports and situations that exclude the possibility of wearing glasses or soft contact lenses.

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Poskrebysheva, Z. N., A. A. Tyurina, O. A. Zhabina, S. E. Avetisov, and A. V. Myagkov. "Еffects of optical correction methods on accomodation in children with progressive myopia (literature review)." POINT OF VIEW. EAST – WEST, no. 2 (May 31, 2021): 76–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.25276/2410-1257-2021-2-76-78.

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Accommodation disorders in young people are more common than diagnosed. This review is based on the data of domestic and foreign literature and studies the effect of contact lenses of various designs on accommodation. Particular attention has been given to bifocal soft contact lenses as one of the recognized interventions for treating juvenile progressive myopia and their ability to slow axial elongation. Key words: accommodation, myopia control, bifocal contact lenses, orthokeratology.

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Santodomingo-Rubido, Jacinto, César Villa-Collar, Bernard Gilmartin, and Ramón Gutiérrez-Ortega. "Myopia Control With Orthokeratology Contact Lenses in Spain." Eye & Contact Lens: Science & Clinical Practice 39, no. 2 (March 2013): 153–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/icl.0b013e31827a0241.

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Jones, Deborah, Craig Woods, Nathan Efron, and Philip Morgan. "Contact lens prescribing in Canada 2011." Canadian Journal of Optometry 74, no. 2 (March 20, 2012): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.15353/cjo.74.566.

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The annual survey to collect data on the contact lens prescribing preferences of practitioners has continued for 12 years in Canada. Practitioners were surveyed for information on the first 10 patients they fitted with contact lenses immediately after receipt of said survey. A total of 121 completed surveys were returned, detailing contact lens fittings for 1,184 patients. Of the patients fitted with contact lenses, the results indicated that the majority were prescribed soft lenses. The preferred modality was monthly planned replacement and over 67 per cent of the soft lens fits were made of silicone hydrogel materials. Of the rigid lens fits, the majority were prescribed for daily wear, as the overnight use of rigid lenses appears to be mainly for orthokeratology. Practitioners are recommending multipurpose solutions for the majority of their soft lens patients (85.6%).

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Kim, Jaeyoung, Mee Kum Kim, Won Ryang Wee, and Joo Youn Oh. "Mooren Ulcer in a Child Wearing Orthokeratology Contact Lenses." Eye & Contact Lens: Science & Clinical Practice 44, no. 4 (July 2018): e13-e15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/icl.0000000000000341.

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Sitka, M. M., S. G. Bodrova, and N. A. Pozdeyeva. "The Effectiveness of Different Optical Correction Methods in Children and Adolescents with Progressive Myopia Based on a Comparative Evaluation of the Accommodation and Axial Length of Eyes." Ophthalmology in Russia 15, no. 2S (July 28, 2018): 65–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.18008/1816-5095-2018-2s-65-72.

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Objective: to determine optimal method of progressive myopia optical correction in children and adolescents.Patients and methods. Conducted 5-year prospective clinical and instrumental examination of 494 children with myopia using orthokeratology lenses, soft contact lenses and glasses. 61 children (the average age 11.7 ± 2.36 years) with myopia –2.87 ± 1.1 D and astigmatism –0.58 ± 0.27 D used orthokeratological lens. 92 children (the average age 12.8 ± 1.51 years) with myopia –3.66 ± 1.07 D, astigmatism –0.53 ± 0.18 D wore soft contact lens. 79 children (the average age 11.52 ± 1.78 years) with myopia –1.59 ± 1.08 D, astigmatism –0.71 ± 0.54 D used glasses with monofocal lenses, with full correction. The control group consisted of 249 children (the average age 9.1 ± 1.14 years) with initial emmetropia. Determination of refraction, subjective and objective determination of accommodation, and axial length of the eye (“IOL-master”) was conducted in children.Results. The maximum progression of myopia was observed in younger children (8–9 years). Correction of myopia with orthokeratology lenses (OKLs) was accompanied by the lowest dynamics of changes in axial length (axial elongation 0,44 ± 0,32 mm) compared to the correction with soft contact lenses (SCLs) (axial elongation 0,73 ± 0,36 mm), spectacle correction (axial elongation 1,39 ± 0,47 mm) and the control group (axial elongation 0,6 ± 0,41 mm). In all children with myopia, at the beginning of the study, there were reduced values reserve of relative accommodation and an objective accommodative response. Correction of myopia with OKLs (p = 0,0002) and SCLs (p = 0,036) provides the normalization of subjective and objective reserve indication of relative accommodation in both age group in comparison of spectacles correction.Conclusion. Correction with orthokeratology lens in children with progressive myopia contributes to the minimum growth length of the eye. Correction of myopia OKLs and MKL improves of subjective and objective indicators of relative accommodation reserve.

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Zhabina, Olga. "Possible adverse effects of the use of orthokeratology lenses (literature review)." Eye 22, no. 130 (June 2020): 26–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.33791/2222-4408-2020-2-26-29.

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Orthokeratology is a method of correction of ametropia, which has been widely used throughout the world. In the presented review, based on the data of domestic and foreign literature, possible undesirable phenomena that occur when using orthokeratological lenses are described. Scien¬tists come to the conclusion that, despite the possibility of complications, the risk of undesired symptoms is significant¬ly reduced when the rules of the use and care of orthokera¬tology lenses are strictly followed, and that their incidence is less frequent than when using soft contact lenses.

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Lui, Wai-On, Marion H. Edwards, and Pauline Cho. "Contact lenses in myopia reduction — from orthofocus to accelerated orthokeratology." Contact Lens and Anterior Eye 23, no. 3 (January 2000): 68–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1367-0484(00)80015-6.

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Özyol, Pelin, Ömür Uçakhan-Gündüz, Erhan Özyol, and Ayfer Kanpolat. "Overnight orthokeratology with two brands of reverse-geometry contact lenses." Contact Lens and Anterior Eye 36, no. 3 (June 2013): 106–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clae.2012.10.084.

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Zeng, Li, Zhi Chen, Dan Fu, Jiaqi Zhou, and Xingtao Zhou. "Tear Lipid Layer Thickness in Children after Short-Term Overnight Orthokeratology Contact Lens Wear." Journal of Ophthalmology 2020 (November 16, 2020): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/3602653.

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Meibomian gland lipid secretion is important to the stability of the tear film and ocular surface comfort. Changes in the tear film’s lipid layer thickness (LLT) after orthokeratology treatment may reflect underlying changes to the meibomian gland function. The purpose of this study was to investigate the features of the tear lipid layer in normal children and the effects of short-term orthokeratology treatment. Altogether, 163 myopic children (age: 10.7 ± 1.9 years, 8–15 years; 71 males) with no contact lens use history were enrolled in this study, of whom 56 were successfully fitted with orthokeratology lenses and completed the 1-month study. The tear film’s LLT (average, maximum, and minimum) and blinking pattern were measured by a LipiView® interferometer in 163 participants at baseline and in 56 orthokeratology participants at 1 week and 1 month after overnight lens wear. Results show that LLT (average) was 58.09 ± 21.66 nm in Chinese normal children. LLT was significantly correlated with rate of partial blinks at every follow-up (all p < 0.05 ). Compared to baseline, the LLT (average and minimum) and partial blinks (number and rate) at 1 week and 1 month after orthokeratology treatment both significantly increased, and the increase of LLT was correlated with elevation of rate of partial blinks. In conclusion, LLT was shown to be elevated after short-term overnight orthokeratology treatment and was related to change in rate of partial blinks. Further studies are needed to clarify the long-term effect and the underlying mechanism.

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Loertscher, Martin, Simon Backhouse, and John R. Phillips. "Multifocal Orthokeratology versus Conventional Orthokeratology for Myopia Control: A Paired-Eye Study." Journal of Clinical Medicine 10, no. 3 (January 24, 2021): 447. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm10030447.

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We conducted a prospective, paired-eye, investigator masked study in 30 children with myopia (−1.25 D to −4.00 D; age 10 to 14 years) to test the efficacy of a novel multifocal orthokeratology (MOK) lens compared to conventional orthokeratology (OK) in slowing axial eye growth. The MOK lens molded a center-distance, multifocal surface onto the anterior cornea, with a concentric treatment zone power of +2.50 D. Children wore an MOK lens in one eye and a conventional OK lens in the fellow eye nightly for 18 months. Eye growth was monitored with non-contact ocular biometry. Over 18 months, MOK-treated eyes showed significantly less axial expansion than OK-treated eyes (axial length change: MOK 0.173 mm less than OK; p < 0.01), and inner axial length (posterior cornea to anterior sclera change: MOK 0.156 mm less than OK, p < 0.01). The reduced elongation was constant across different baseline progression rates (range −0.50 D/year to −2.00 D/year). Visual acuity was less in MOK vs. OK-treated eyes (e.g., at six months, MOK: 0.09 ± 0.01 vs. OK: 0.02 ± 0.01 logMAR; p = 0.01). We conclude that MOK lenses significantly reduce eye growth compared to conventional OK lenses over 18 months.

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Wu, Jinfang, and Huatao Xie. "Orthokeratology lens-related Acanthamoeba keratitis: case report and analytical review." Journal of International Medical Research 49, no. 3 (March 2021): 030006052110009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/03000605211000985.

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Acanthamoeba keratitis (AK) is a rare but severe ocular infection with a significant risk of vision loss. Contact lens use is the main risk factor for AK. The orthokeratology (OK) lens, a specially designed contact lens, has been used worldwide as an effective method of myopia control. However, the OK lens is associated with an increased risk of Acanthamoeba infection. Many primary practitioners are concerned about this infection because of its relative rarity, the lack of promising therapeutic medications, and the need for referral. We herein report two cases of AK associated with OK lenses, present a systematic review of such cases, and discuss the possible reasons for the higher incidence rate of this infection in patients who wear OK lenses. We combined the clinical knowledge and skills of corneal specialists and lens experts with the sole objective of addressing these OK lens-related AK cases. We found that the most common risk factors were rinsing the lenses or lens cases with tap water. Prompt and accurate diagnosis along with adequate amoebicidal treatment are essential to ensure desirable outcomes for OK lens wearers who develop AK. Appropriate OK lens parameters and regular checkups are also important.

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Qian, Yishan, Feng Xue, Jia Huang, Xiaomei Qu, Xingtao Zhou, and Devan Van Lanen-Wanek. "Pachymetry Map of Corneal Epithelium in Children Wearing Orthokeratology Contact Lenses." Current Eye Research 39, no. 3 (December 10, 2013): 263–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/02713683.2013.841259.

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Spiteri, Natasha, Anshoo Choudhary, and Stephen Kaye. "Pigmentation of the Cornea Secondary to Tinted Soft Contact Lens Wear." Case Reports in Ophthalmological Medicine 2012 (2012): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/852304.

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Purpose. To report a case of pigmented corneal iron lines following use of tinted soft contact lenses (CL).Methods. A retrospective case report.Results. A 16-year-old girl was referred with suspected CL-related keratopathy OU, having recently switched to tinted soft monthly disposable CLs (8.4/14.0 −3.00 OD, −3.25 OS Aquamarine SofLens Natural Colours, Bausch and Lomb, New York, USA). Both corneas exhibited symmetric superficial corneal pigmented iron lines, which gradually disappeared following discontinuation of CL wear.Conclusions. Pigmented corneal rings have been reported in normal ageing corneas, in certain pathological conditions, and in association with altered corneal topography following LASIK and orthokeratology. We suspect a poorly fitting CL resulted in localised tear pooling between the CL and cornea, and subsequent iron pigment deposition, similar to that seen with orthokeratology. Cosmetic CLs bought via the Internet can be used in an unsupervised manner, with possible impacts on visual function and potential complications.

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Carracedo, G., T. M. Espinosa-Vidal, I. Martínez-Alberquilla, and L. Batres. "The Topographical Effect of Optical Zone Diameter in Orthokeratology Contact Lenses in High Myopes." Journal of Ophthalmology 2019 (January 2, 2019): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/1082472.

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Purpose. To evaluate the effect of the optical zone diameter (OZ) in orthokeratology contact lenses regarding the topographical profile in patients with high myopia (−4.00 D to −7.00 D) and to study its effect over the visual quality. Materials and Methods. Twelve patients (18 eyes) were fitted with overnight orthokeratology (OrthoK) with a randomized 6 mm or 5 mm OZ lens worn for 2 weeks, followed by a 2-week washout period, between both designs. Keratometry (K) readings, optical zone treatment diameter (OZT), peripheral ring width (PRW), higher-order aberrations (HOA), high (HC) and low contrast (LC) visual acuity, and subjective vision and comfort were measured at baseline and after 2 weeks of OrthoK lens wear of each contact lens. Results. No significant differences were found between any measurements for the same subject at both baselines (p value > 0.05). There was no difference between OZ lens designs found in refraction, subjective vision or comfort, and HC and LC visual acuity. Contrast sensitivity was decreased in the 5 mm OZ lens design compared with 6 mm OZ design (p-value < 0.05). 5 mm OZ design provoked a greater flattening, more powerful midperipheral ring and 4th-order corneal and total spherical aberration than the 6 mm OZ design, being statistically significant after 7 days, for corneal aberration, and 15 days, for corneal and total, of wearing the lens (p-value < 0.05). The OZT obtained were 2.8 ± 0.2 mm and 3.1 ± 0.1 mm for 5 mm and 6 mm OZ design, respectively (p-value < 0.05). Regarding PRW, the 5 mm OZ design had a wider ring width in both the nasal and temporal zones (p-value < 0.05). Conclusions. A smaller diameter optical zone (5 mm) in orthokeratology lenses produces a smaller treatment area and a larger and more powerful midperipheral ring, increasing the 4th-order spherical aberration that affects only the contrast sensitivity but without differences in visual acuity and subjective vision compared with a larger OZ diameter (6 mm).

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Santodomingo-Rubido, Jacinto, César Villa-Collar, Bernard Gilmartin, and Ramón Gutiérrez-Ortega. "Myopia Control with Orthokeratology Contact Lenses in Spain: Refractive and Biometric Changes." Investigative Opthalmology & Visual Science 53, no. 8 (July 31, 2012): 5060. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/iovs.11-8005.

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BOOST, MAUREEN V., and PAULINE CHO. "Microbial Flora of Tears of Orthokeratology Patients, and Microbial Contamination of Contact Lenses and Contact Lens Accessories." Optometry and Vision Science 82, no. 6 (June 2005): 451–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.opx.0000168587.72893.ec.

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Leasu Branet, Costin Alexandru, Sinziana Istrate, Liliana Mary Voinea, Eniko Volceanov, Radu Ciuluvica, Raluca Iancu, Alexandra Bastian, Emil Ungureanu, and Florian Balta. "Fluoro-siloxanyl Styrene Rigid Gas Permeable Contact Lens Fabric characteristics and outcomes with extended use on animal model cornea." Revista de Chimie 70, no. 11 (December 15, 2019): 4003–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/rc.19.11.7692.

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In this paper, we report the relation between fabric characteristics and animal model cornea modifications associated with extended use of fluoro-siloxanyl styrene rigid gas permeable contact lens. Siloxanyl styrene and fluoromethacrylate rigid gas permeable contact lens is a newly designed optical medical device used in orthokeratology with an FDA approval of continuous wear for up to 30 days. To assess the influence on the cornea an animal model was used and histological data were collected. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was performed on the used lenses. Our conclusions concedes that with respects of the material, doctor�s slit lamp lens observation on regular basis should be considered as surface debris and lens scratches can influence the cornea in extended wear.

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Ezhova, E. A., V. P. Fokin, S. V. Balalin, and I. A. Melikhova. "THE VALUE OF CONFOCAL MICROSCOPY BY SELECTION OF ORTHOKERATOLOGY CONTACT LENSES IN PATIENTS WITH MYOPIA." Journal of Volgograd State Medical University 61, no. 1 (2017): 98–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.19163/1994-9480-2017-1(61)-98-100.

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Santodomingo-Rubido, Jacinto, César Villa-Collar, Bernard Gilmartin, and Ramón Gutiérrez-Ortega. "Myopia Control with Orthokeratology Contact Lenses in Spain (MCOS): Study Design and General Baseline Characteristics." Journal of Optometry 2, no. 4 (2009): 215–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3921/joptom.2009.215.

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Carracedo, Gonzalo, Cesar Villa-Collar, Alba Martin-Gil, Maria Serramito, and Leticia Santamaría. "Comparison Between Viscous Teardrops and Saline Solution to Fill Orthokeratology Contact Lenses Before Overnight Wear." Eye & Contact Lens: Science & Clinical Practice 44 (September 2018): S307—S311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/icl.0000000000000416.

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Lu, Fenghe, Trefford Simpson, Luigina Sorbara, and Desmond Fonn. "Malleability of the Ocular Surface in Response to Mechanical Stress Induced by Orthokeratology Contact Lenses." Cornea 27, no. 2 (February 2008): 133–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/ico.0b013e318158b4b5.

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Ding, Hui, Aijun Pu, Hong He, Ruo Zhong Xie, Jun Yang, Aiping Liao, Shaohui Gao, and Xingwu Zhong. "Changes in Corneal Biometry and the Associated Histology in Rhesus Monkeys Wearing Orthokeratology Contact Lenses." Cornea 31, no. 8 (August 2012): 926–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/ico.0b013e318254688a.

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Santodomingo-Rubido, Jacinto, César Villa-Collar, Bernard Gilmartin, and Ramón Gutiérrez-Ortega. "Myopia control with orthokeratology contact lenses in Spain (MCOS): predictive factors associated with myopia progression." Contact Lens and Anterior Eye 35 (December 2012): e16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clae.2012.08.050.

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Zhang, Ju, Jing Li, Xiaofeng Li, Fengjie Li, and Ting Wang. "Redistribution of the corneal epithelium after overnight wear of orthokeratology contact lenses for myopia reduction." Contact Lens and Anterior Eye 43, no. 3 (June 2020): 232–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clae.2020.02.015.

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Slyshalova, N. N., and N. V. Khvatova. "Our Experience of Using Soft Bifocal Contact Lenses in Children with Progressive Myopia." EYE GLAZ 23, no. 2 (June 26, 2021): 19–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.33791/2222-4408-2021-2-19-26.

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Introduction. According to the studies, one out of three myopic patients with refraction greater than –6.00 D and an axial length greater than 26 mm is at high risk of facing low vision and loss of sight in the future. According to the results of medical examinations and screenings in carried out in Ivanovo, the prevalence of myopia in primary school children has increased three times during the past twenty years. Myopic children under 7 years old are six times more likely to have myopia progressed to higher degrees than children in which myopia onset took place later (at the age of 11–12 years). Optical interventions for myopia control such as orthokeratology and soft bifocal contact lenses have a strong body of evidence and are well accepted by ophthalmologists.Purpose. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of soft bifocal contact lenses on refraction, accommodation and axial length in children with progressive myopia.Materials and methods. We observed 30 children aged 8–15 years with myopia progression rate of 0.82 D/year and accommodative weakness and instability. We prescribed OKVision PrimaBio Bi-focal design soft bifocal contact lenses (OKVision, Russia) that feature +4.00 D addition power on periphery. The effectiveness was estimated by monitoring refraction, accommodation and axial length every three months within a year.Results. After 12 months of wearing soft bifocal contact lenses, the annual myopia progression rate decreased 4.3 times on average. We were able to stabilize myopia in 50% of the children during the period of monitoring. The use of this intervention had a strong effect on accommodation resulting in an increase of its amplitude and reserve.Conclusion. The use of soft bifocal contact lenses has been proven to have a strong inhibitory effect on myopia progression rate. Myopia stabilization manifested itself as the absence of increase in myopic refraction and axial length as well as normalization of accommodative function.

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Pauné, Jaime, Hari Morales, Jesús Armengol, Lluisa Quevedo, Miguel Faria-Ribeiro, and José M. González-Méijome. "Myopia Control with a Novel Peripheral Gradient Soft Lens and Orthokeratology: A 2-Year Clinical Trial." BioMed Research International 2015 (2015): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/507572.

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Objective.To evaluate the degree of axial elongation with soft radial refractive gradient (SRRG) contact lenses, orthokeratology (OK), and single vision (SV) spectacle lenses (control) during a period of 1 year before treatment and 2 years after treatment.Methods.This was a prospective, longitudinal, nonrandomized study. The study groups consisted of 30, 29, and 41 children, respectively. The axial length (AL) was measured during 2 years after recruitment and lens fitting.Results.The baseline refractive sphere was correlated significantly (Spearman’s Rho (ρ) correlation = 0.542;P< 0.0001) with the amount of myopia progression before baseline. After 2 years, the mean myopia progression values for the SRRG, OK, and SV groups were −0.56 ± 0.51, −0.32 ± 0.53, and −0.98 ± 0.58 diopter, respectively. The results represent reductions in myopic progression of 43% and 67% for the SRRG and OK groups, respectively, compared to the SV group. The AL increased 27% and 38% less in the SRRG and OK groups, respectively compared with the SV group at the 2-year visit (P< 0.05). Axial elongation was not significantly different between SRRG and OK (P= 0.430).Conclusion.The SRRG lens significantly decreased AL elongation compared to the SV control group. The SRRG lens was similarly effective to OK in preventing myopia progression in myopic children and adolescent.

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Lan, Fang-Fang, and Lu Gan. "Application of piggy-back lens in the correction of severe keratoconus: A case study." Technology and Health Care 29, no. 4 (July 9, 2021): 813–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/thc-212889.

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OBJECTIVE: This is a case study on the application of a piggy-back lens in the correction of severe keratoconus. METHODS: From the results of general eye examination, refractive state examination, and corneal morphology examination on the patient, it was determined that corneal protrusion and deformation of the right eye were obvious. The right eye was corrected using a piggy-back lens and the left eye with a rigid gas-permeable contact lens (RGPCL) alone. RESULTS: The right-eye lens fit well and the lens coverage was good. Both the static and dynamic fit results for the left-eye lens were good. After wearing the glasses for one month, the patient attended a review and stated that the lenses were comfortable to wear. The patient’s vision was good after wearing the lenses. No obvious congestion was found in the conjunctiva under a slit lamp. The effects on both eyes of wearing RGPCLs were favorable. The corneal curvature reduced and the corneal thickness only changed to a small degree. CONCLUSION: For keratoconus patients, application of a piggy-back lens can improve corrected visual acuity, comfort levels, and safety, prolong the wearing time, and enhance the effect of orthokeratology.

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Zhong, Xingwu, Xiaolian Chen, Ruo Zhong Xie, Jun Yang, Saiqun Li, Xiao Yang, and Xiangming Gong. "Differences Between Overnight and Long-term Wear of Orthokeratology Contact Lenses in Corneal Contour, Thickness, and Cell Density." Cornea 28, no. 3 (April 2009): 271–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/ico.0b013e318186e620.

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Reis, Ana Paula Ribeiro, Anja Palmowski-Wolfe, and Ralf Beuschel. "Slowing Down Myopia Progression with Contact Lenses – Everyday Cases from the Clinic." Klinische Monatsblätter für Augenheilkunde 238, no. 04 (April 2021): 437–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-1440-0642.

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Abstract Background An estimated 49.8% of the world population will be myopic by 2050. Multifocal contact lenses (MFCLs) and orthokeratology (OK) reduce peripheral retinal hyperopic defocus, which animal studies have shown to positively impact eye growth. MFCLs are expected to slow myopic progression by 20 – 50% and OK by 30 – 60%, making them valuable therapeutic tools. In view of the guidelines for myopia management published by the International Myopia Institute in 2019, the aim of this retrospective data analysis of a tertiary care center was to review past experience with OK and MFCLs for myopia control and gain information to update current practice. Patients and Methods The contact lens (CL) database of the Eye Clinic of the University Hospital of Basel was searched with the label “myopia progression” between January 2012 – 2020. Patients were included if they gave informed consent, were younger than 19 years old at baseline, and had no ocular comorbidities that could potentially compromise vision. Primary outcomes were progression of spherical equivalent refraction for MFCL patients and progression of axial length (AL) for the OK group, comparing with historical data from OK trials. Secondary outcomes were the presence of risk factors for myopia, age, refractive error at baseline, follow-up duration, and adverse effects during therapy. Results Twenty-one patients could be included, with a mean age of 12.80 ± 3.32 years (y) at baseline. The majority of patients were older than 12 years and already myopic (− 3.89 ± 2.30 diopters) when control treatment was started. Overall, follow-up ranged from 0.08 to 6.33 years (2.03 ± 1.66 y). In the patients treated with MFCLs, myopia control improved significantly when patients changed from spectacles to MFCLs. In the OK group, 14% dropped out during the first year and 2 patients had multiple AL measurements during therapy, which showed a slower growth of AL when compared to other OK trials and controls with spectacles. There were two cases of non-severe keratitis. Environmental risk factors had not been documented and only 48% of clinical records had a documented family risk assessment. Conclusion Patients showed a slower myopia progression under MFCLs or OK, which supports their role as a treatment option in myopia management. In this regard, AL measurement is an important additional parameter to be included in the assessment of myopia progression in clinical practice. Identification of children at risk of developing high/pathologic myopia (family history, environmental risk factors) needs to improve so that the first stages of myopic shift can be recognized and targeted. Changes in lifestyle should be actively encouraged, especially when the impact of decreases in outdoor time secondary to COVID-19 is yet to become clear.

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Rajabi, Mohammad Taher, Seyedeh Simindokht Hosseini, Zahra Ghorbani, Fereshteh Nobahari, Fatemeh Bazvand, Askar Doostdar, Parviz Zarrinbakhsh, and Mohammad Bagher Rajabi. "Utility of orthokeratology contact lenses; efficacy of myopia correction and level of patient satisfaction in Iranian myopic/myope-astigmatic patients." Journal of Current Ophthalmology 27, no. 3-4 (September 2015): 99–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.joco.2016.01.002.

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Myagkov, A. V., Zh N. Poskrebysheva, O. A. Zhabina, and D. A. Myagkov. "Epidemiology of Myopia in Children of the Russian Federation and Analysis of Its Control Methods." EYE GLAZ 23, no. 2 (June 26, 2021): 7–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.33791/2222-4408-2021-2-7-18.

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The increasing prevalence of myopia is observed all over the world, and Russia is no exception. In this regard, obtaining new data on its epidemiology among children and assessing methods of its control in real clinical practice are highly topical matters.Purpose. The purpose of this work was to assess the current issues of the epidemiology and treatment of progressive myopia in children in various regions of the Russian Federation.Materials and methods. We conducted a prospective multicenter epidemiological observational questionnaire study. This study involved 106 doctors from 53 regions of Russia and 2931 parents of myopic children.Results. 50% of the surveyed doctors noted that the manifestation of myopia is diagnosed in children aged 10–12 years, while 43% noted the same in children aged 7–9 years. According to 74.5% of doctors, the degree of the newly diagnosed myopia ranges from –1.25 to –3.00 diopters, 25.5% of doctors reported that it is below –1.0 diopters. The majority of doctors (73.6%) assess accommodation in myopic children, considering it one of the progression factors. 52.9% of ophthalmologists prescribe optical correction in cases when monocular distance visual acuity amounts to 0.6 (decimal scale) or lower values, while 29.2%, 16% and 1.9% of the surveyed ophthalmologists prescribe optical correction in cases when monocular distance visual acuity amounts to 0.7, 0.8 and 0.9 respectively.The following optical methods for juvenile myopia control are recommended by the doctors: orthokeratology contact lenses (53.8%), spectacles for full correction (51.9%), peripheral defocus-inducing (bifocal) soft contact lenses (18.9%), while 4.7% of the surveyed doctors utilized other methods of myopia control, which were not indicated in the questionnaire.Conclusion. In most cases, manifestation of myopia is diagnosed in children aged 7–12 years. Its degree ranges from –1.25 to –3.0 diopters, which indicates its late diagnosis; optical correction is prescribed mainly in cases when monocular distance visual acuity is 0.6 or lower; most ophthalmologists assess accommodation in myopic children, considering it a progression factor. As methods of myopia control, doctors utilize optical correction, device-assisted therapy and pharmacological treatment of accommodative disorders, while parents prefer methods that require minimum time expenditures.

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Michaud, Langis, Patrick Simard, Remy Marcotte-Collard, Mhamed Ouzzani, and Loraine Sinnott. "The Montreal Experience: A Retrospective Study Part I—Basic Principles and Treatment Algorithm." Applied Sciences 11, no. 16 (August 13, 2021): 7455. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11167455.

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CONTEXT: Authors have refined myopia control strategies (MCS) from their experience treating more than 800 children who were followed at the Montreal School of Optometry Clinic (CUV). They developed a treatment algorithm known as the Montreal Experience (ME). Contrary to many other MCS, treatment modalities are selected after careful evaluation of a patient’s parameters (rate of progression, age of myopia onset, corneal parameters, pupil area), the risk factors for ocular pathology (growth charts), and taking into account the patient’s lifestyle and potential compliance. This represents a customized approach for each patient. PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy of MCS used following ME algorithm; the primary outcome relates to axial length progression over 24 months. METHODS: This is a retrospective study, conducted after approval of University IRB. Data were extracted from the file of each patient who: (1) consulted CUV between January 2017 and December 2018 and (2) were kept under the same MCS (same design/concentration). Clinical population is composed of 298 patients (35% Caucasian; 45% Asian; 20% others), with a median age of 11 (range 5–18). The treatment options were orthokeratology (OK-4 designs; N = 140), multifocal soft contact lenses (SMCL; 5 designs; N = 128), and low-dose atropine (LDA 0.01% to 0.25%; N = 42). RESULTS: Results are analyzed through sophisticated statistical models, designed for this purpose. At the end of a stepwise selection process that sequentially removed model terms that were not statistically significant, nine model terms remained: month, modality, the interaction of month and modality, refraction (SEQ), the interaction of SEQ and modality, gender, age, the interaction of age and month, and the interaction of age and modality. A total of 298 files were kept for analysis. Participant age varied from 9.7 to 12.5 years old. Baseline AL varied from 24.9 to 25.3 mm and SE refraction was −3.7 + 1.7 D on average. This study population was divided between Caucasian (34%), Asian (44%), and other ethnic origins (22%). Overall results indicate that results vary according to modality and months only. There is no statistical difference based on age, gender, and SEQ. All methods used were effective to slow the natural AL growth. Evolution was the lowest when using smaller treatment zones OK lenses (0.249 mm) and the highest (0.376 mm) for those treated with LDA. This OK advantage was statistically significant versus other modalities at 1 and 2 years. CONCLUSION: The Montreal Experience reveals that personalized MCS may be effective to manage myopia efficiently. It shows AL evolution comparable to the documented natural evolution of emmetropes, especially when using customized or smaller treatment zone OK lens design. Future work on other populations will confirm this tendency.

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Tarutta, E. P., and S. G. Harutyunyan. "The impact of orthokeratologic contact lenses on spherical aberration of the optical system of the eye." Russian Ophthalmological Journal 11, no. 2 (May 2018): 17–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.21516/2072-0076-2018-11-2-17-21.

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Li, Weiwei, Zhiqun Wang, Jinghao Qu, Yang Zhang, and Xuguang Sun. "Acanthamoeba keratitis related to contact lens use in a tertiary hospital in China." BMC Ophthalmology 19, no. 1 (September 18, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12886-019-1210-2.

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Abstract Background To report the clinical and microbiological features of Acanthamoeba keratitis (AK) related to contact lens use in a tertiary hospital in China. Methods In this retrospective study, the medical results of 61 cases of AK related to contact lens use from January 2000 to December 2017 were reviewed. The data included patients’ demographics, lens type, history, risk factors, disease stages, corneal scraping and culture reports, and treatments. Moreover, genotypic identification of some of the isolates was carried out with a PCR assay and sequence analysis of the 18S ribosomal DNA gene. Results There were 64 eyes included in the study. A total of 32.8% of the patients wore soft contact lenses, and 67.2% of patients used overnight orthokeratology. In the cases (20 eyes) in the early stage, 65% (13 eyes) had positive results according to Giemsa-stained smears, and 0.9% sodium chloride (NaCl) wet mounts revealed trophozoites in 7 eyes (35%). Six eyes (30%) were diagnosed by confocal microscopy combined with clinical signs. In the orthokeratology patients, 87.8% (36/41) rinsed their lenses and/or cases with tap water; 55% of soft-lens wearers wore their lenses while showering. The genotype of 9 isolates was determined, and all the strains belonged to genotype T4. In the orthokeratology group, the number of patients who required therapeutic penetrating keratoplasty after 2005 was less than that before 2005 (chi-square test, χ2 = 4.209, P = 0.04). Conclusions More than two-thirds of the cases were associated with orthokeratology. Examinations with Giemsa-stained smears, 0.9% NaCl wet mounts and confocal microscopy should be performed for patients who are highly suspected of having early-stage AK to help with early diagnosis. In the orthokeratology group, the rate of therapeutic keratoplasty after 2005 was less than that before 2005.

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Harris, W. F. "Curves and surfaces in the context of optometry. Part 1: Curves*." African Vision and Eye Health 64, no. 4 (January 21, 2005). http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/aveh.v64i4.235.

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This paper introduces the differential geom-etry of curves in Euclidean 3-space, the motiva-tion being the writer’s belief that, despite their fundamental importance, curves are inadequate-ly treated in optometric educational programs. Curvature and torsion are defined along a curve. Two numerical examples are presented. The fundamental theorem of curves is stated. The relationship of the geometry of varifocal lenses and curves known as involutes are discussed. A brief treatment of the theory of contact is given with suggestions of applications in contact between spectacle lenses and frames, contact lenses and corneas (including orthokeratology), intra-ocular lenses and structures in the eye, and spectacle frames and the face.

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Banerjee, Srabani, and Jennifer Horton. "Lenses and Spectacles to Prevent Myopia Worsening in Children." Canadian Journal of Health Technologies 1, no. 4 (April 6, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.51731/cjht.2021.52.

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A total of 5 relevant systematic reviews and 7 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were identified. Myopia progression and axial length elongation was less with omafilcon A (MiSight) contact lenses compared to single-vision lenses (1 RCT; statistical significance of difference was not reported). Myopia progression and axial length elongation was less with defocus incorporated multiple segments spectacle lenses compared to single-vision spectacle lenses (1 RCT; the between-group difference was statistically significant). Myopia progression was less with orthokeratology contact lenses compared to single-vision contact lenses or single-vision lenses (2 systematic reviews and 2 RCTs; between-group difference was statistically significant or statistical significance was not reported) and axial length elongation was less (5 systematic reviews and 2 RCTs; between-group difference was statistically significant or statistical significance was not reported). Myopia progression and axial length elongation was less with multifocal lenses compared with single-vision contact lenses (1 systematic review and 2 RCTs; between-group difference was statistically significant). Findings need to be interpreted in the light of limitations, such as limited quantity and quality of the included primary studies, limited information regarding adverse events, and lack of long-term data. No economic evaluations reporting on the cost-effectiveness of these interventions were identified.

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Verma, Neelam. "CONTROLLING MYOPIA PROGRESSION IN CHILDREN." International Journal of Medical and Biomedical Studies 4, no. 8 (August 4, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.32553/ijmbs.v4i8.1332.

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Main aim of this article was a systematic review on causes and management of Myopia progression in children. Myopia is a general disorder, affecting just about one-third of the US population and over 90% of the population in some East Asian countries. Elevated amounts of myopia are connected with a bigger risk of sight-threatening troubles, such as retinal detachment, choroidal degeneration, cataracts and glaucoma. Slowing the progression of myopia could potentially advantage millions of children in the India. Few approaches used for myopia organize have proven to be useful. Treatment options such as undercorrection of myopia, gas permeable contact lenses, and bifocal or multifocal spectacles have all been proven to be ineffective for myopia control, although one recent randomized clinical trial using executive top bifocal spectacles on children with progressive myopia has shown to decrease the progression to nearly half of the control subjects. The most effective methods are the use of orthokeratology contact lenses, soft bifocal contact lenses, and pharmaceutical agents such as atropine, timolol or pirenzepine. Keyword: Myopia progression, pharmaceutical agents, lenses, treatment.

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Singh, Kirti, Mainak Bhattacharyya, Abhishek Goel, Ritu Arora, Nikhil Gotmare, and Himshikha Aggarwal. "Orthokeratology in Moderate Myopia: A Study of Predictability and Safety." Journal of Ophthalmic and Vision Research, April 6, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18502/jovr.v15i2.6739.

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Purpose: Literature is relatively silent on safety profile and predictability of orthokeratology lenses in terms of myopia correction and prevention of further progression, especially in semi-tropical countries; this study was designed to fill this gap. Methods: This prospective, intervention case series enrolled 30 eyes of 30 patients with myopia up to –5.5 diopters (D). Patients were randomized into two groups of 15 each; the study group was prescribed overnight orthokeratology (OK) lenses, while the control group used daily wear conventional soft contact lenses. Follow-up examinations were performed after 1 h and 6 h, and then at 1, 7, 15, 30 days, and 4 months post lens wear. Uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA), contrast sensitivity, keratometry, central corneal thickness (CCT), and tear film break up time (TBUT) were evaluated at each follow-up examination. Results: All patients attained a visual acuity of 0.00 Logarithm of the Minimum Angle of Resolution (logMAR) after one week of lens use, which was maintained throughout the study period. While patients allotted to the study group had a gain of 8.1 Snellen lines (UCVA), those in the control group gained 8.9 lines (BCVA) at the end of follow-up period. In the OK group, cornea showed a flattening of 0.8 D (mean keratometry) after single overnight usage of OK lens and overall flattening of 1.2 D compared to baseline, at the end of four months. The change in contrast sensitivity, corneal endothelial specular count, axial length and tear film status was not significant in either group. Conclusion: Orthokeratology is an effective and safe modality to correct moderate myopia in motivated young adults. No side effects were encountered after a short-term follow-up in participants who resided in semi-tropical environments.

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Cui, Yanhui, Li Li, Qian Wu, Junyang Zhao, Huihui Chu, Gang Yu, and Wenbin Wei. "Myopia correction in children: a meta-analysis." Clinical and Investigative Medicine, June 26, 2017, E117—E126. http://dx.doi.org/10.25011/cim.v40i3.28391.

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Purpose: The purpose of this study was to conduct a meta-analysis comparing rigid gas permeable lenses (RGP) with soft contact lenses (SCL), spectacles and orthokeratology (OK) lenses for myopia control with respect to axial length elongation, spherical equivalent and measures of corneal curvature. Methods: Medline, Cochrane, EMBASE, and Google Scholar databases were searched to September 29, 2015 using the following keywords: rigid gas permeable contact lens; refractive error; and refractive abnormalities. Randomized controlled trials, two-arm prospective studies and retrospective studies of children with myopia treated with RGP lenses compared with spectacles, SCL, and OK lenses were included. Outcome measures were changes of axial length, spherical equivalent, flatter meridian, steeper meridian and corneal apical radius. Results: Five studies were included. Three studies reported axial length change after 2-3 years of treatment with RGP lenses and SCL/spectacles and no difference between the groups was noted (pooled mean difference = -0.077, 95% confidence interval [CI]: -0.120 to 0.097, p = 0.840). Two studies reported a change of spherical equivalent after 2-3 years of treatment with RGP lenses and SCL/spectacles, and no difference between the groups was noted (pooled mean difference = 0.275, 95% CI: -0.390 to 0.941, p = 0.417). Two studies compared corneal curvature measures between RGP and OK lenses after 3-6 months of treatment and no differences in any measures of corneal curvature were seen. Conclusions: The effect of RGP lenses and SCL/spectacles on axial length elongation and spherical equivalent and of RGP and OK lenses on corneal curvature in children with myopia was similar.

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"Fluoro-siloxanyl Styrene Rigid Gas Permeable Contact Lens Fabric characteristics and outcomes with extended use on animal model cornea." Revista de Chimie 70, no. 11 (December 14, 2019): 4003–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/rc.70.19.11.7692.

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In this paper, we report the relation between fabric characteristics and animal model cornea modifications associated with extended use of fluoro-siloxanyl styrene rigid gas permeable contact lens. Siloxanyl styrene and fluoromethacrylate rigid gas permeable contact lens is a newly designed optical medical device used in orthokeratology with an FDA approval of continuous wear for up to 30 days. To assess the influence on the cornea an animal model was used and histological data were collected. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was performed on the used lenses. Our conclusions concedes that with respects of the material, doctor’s slit lamp lens observation on regular basis should be considered as surface debris and lens scratches can influence the cornea in extended wear. Keywords: siloxanyl styrene and fluoromethacrylate, rigid gas permeable contact lens, surface debris, extended

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Jiang, Fan, Xiaopeng Huang, Houxue Xia, Bingqi Wang, Fan Lu, Bin Zhang, and Jun Jiang. "The Spatial Distribution of Relative Corneal Refractive Power Shift and Axial Growth in Myopic Children: Orthokeratology Versus Multifocal Contact Lens." Frontiers in Neuroscience 15 (June 9, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2021.686932.

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PurposeTo determine if the spatial distribution of the relative corneal refractive power shift (RCRPS) explains the retardation of axial length (AL) elongation after treatment by either orthokeratology (OK) or multifocal soft contact lenses (MFCLs).MethodsChildren (8–14 years) were enrolled in the OK (n = 35) or MFCL (n = 36) groups. RCRPS maps were derived by computing the difference between baseline and 12-month corneal topography maps and then subtracting the apex values. Values at the same radius were averaged to obtain the RCRPS profile, from which four parameters were extracted: (1) Half_x and (2) Half_y, i.e., the x- and y-coordinates where each profile first reached the half peak; (3) Sum4 and (4) Sum7, i.e., the summation of powers within a corneal area of 4- and 7-mm diameters. Correlations between AL elongation and these parameters were analyzed by multiple linear regression.ResultsAL elongation in the OK group was significantly smaller than that in the MFCL group (p = 0.040). Half_x and Half_y were also smaller in the OK group than the MFCL group (p < 0.001 each). Half_x was correlated with AL elongation in the OK group (p = 0.005), but not in the MFCL group (p = 0.600). In an analysis that combined eyes of both groups, Half_x was correlated with AL elongation (β = 0.161, p < 0.001).ConclusionsThe OK-induced AL elongation and associated RCRPS Half_x were smaller than for the MFCL. Contact lenses that induce RCRPS closer to the corneal center may exert better myopia control.

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Damani, Jyoti M., Madhuri Annasagaram, Preetam Kumar, and Pavan Kumar Verkicharla. "Alterations in peripheral refraction with spectacles, soft contact lenses and orthokeratology during near viewing: implications for myopia control." Clinical and Experimental Optometry, September 19, 2021, 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08164622.2021.1970480.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Contact lenses; Orthokeratology'

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