Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Contact history'
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McGonnell, John. "Contact Point Detection and Contact History Tracking in Biomimetic Whiskers." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1306960264.
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Stevralia, Christine M. "Contact." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2018. https://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/2535.
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A year after Alyssa Milano’s tweet launched the #MeToo movement, survivors of sexual assault are being called ‘accusers’ in the media, and public opinion is swinging in favor of guilty men. #MeToo raised awareness but not understanding. What is rape? What is consent? As evidenced by the #MeToo movement and the backlash against it, clearly, as a society, we don’t know. Contact is a work of Creative Nonfiction that uses scenes and details from the narrator’s personal experiences to illuminate the micro-negotiations that occur in sex and seduction.
In a world where women are still expected to stay small and stay out of the way, where we publicly decry but privately propagate the notion of being 'seen and not heard,' and where to be seen means to be sexualized, this narrator seeks to take up space and make noise. In Contact the personal is political and the political is personal.
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Martin, David Robert, and n/a. "The Maori Whare after contact." University of Otago. Department of Anthropology, 1997. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20070530.145017.
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This study explores post-contact changes to the ordinary Maori whare. The main physical characteristics of the ordinary whare at contact are identified by accessing archaeological and written 18th century ethnographic data. Changes in the ordinary whare in the period from contact to 1940 are discussed. Evidence from historical archaeology, written 19th century ethnographic accounts and from previous academic research is considered. In addition, changes in the ordinary whare are highlighted, based on evidence from an empirical survey of whare depicted in sketches, paintings, engravings and photographs. Rigorous statistical analysis was beyound the scope of a Master�s thesis, however trends in the data are presented. A range of these are reproduced illustrating the text. After changing gradually for 130 years, the ordinary Maori whare appears to have been widely replaced by European-style houses in the early decades of the 20th century.
In Aotearoa/New Zealand in the 1990s, it is apparent that Maori culture has survived the 220 or so years since contact. These years entailed increasing contact between Maori and European. In mid 20th century academic studies of Maori communities, European-style houses were found to have been used in line with continuing Maori conceptions. This evidence indicates that traditional ideas were transferred to European-style houses. The gradual changes in the whare prior to the 20th century indicate that it was a conservative social construction of space conforming to expectations about vernacular architecture generally. But the process by which Maori culture was maintained and reproduced was complicated that further study of Maori conceptions of space within the home is required.
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Perreault, Melanie Lynn. "First contact: Early English encounters with natives of Russia, West Africa, and the Americas, 1530-1614." W&M ScholarWorks, 1997. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539623910.
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In recent years, the field of comparative history has enjoyed a resurgence of popularity as scholars attempt to understand the past in a global context. This study examines the early period of English exploration of the Atlantic world and the confrontation of English men and women with natives of geographically distinct regions. By comparing English interactions with Russians, West Africans, and North and South Americans during the contact period, this dissertation argues that the mutually constructed dialogue between the visiting English and the natives of each region was a struggle for power and control. In their efforts to construct the natives as being both recognizable and inferior, the English utilized contemporary notions of class and gender not only to understand the people they encountered, but as a strategy to make the natives submissive.;While the English noted that the natives of each region had different skin color, notions of racial hierarchy were not fixed in the sixteenth century. In fact, the English were more threatened by similarity than by difference during their early encounters. Convinced that they were a unique and superior people, the discovery of Russia as a distorted image of English society was cause for great consternation among the English visitors. In an effort to distance themselves from the apparently barbarous Russians, the English suggested that despite their outward signs of "civility," the Russian people had a fundamental flaw that allowed them to accept tyranny and oppression.;Despite their belief in the superiority of their society, the English focus on economic matters above all else during the first-contact period forced them to act within the parameters of native cultures. Not only did the English have to come to terms with the demands of unfamiliar environments, but they often had to meet the demands of native peoples. Natives in each region held considerable power based on their military prowess and their monopoly on local trade and information about the area. as vital allies, trading partners, and informants, the natives recognized their power and manipulated the English visitors at every opportunity.
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Fink, Blair Ashton. "CONTACT ON THE JERSEY SHORE: ANALYSIS OF EUROPEAN AND NATIVE AMERICAN PRESENCE AT THE WEST CREEK SITE DURING THE CONTACT PERIOD." Master's thesis, Temple University Libraries, 2017. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/458904.
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AnthropologyM.A.
This research addresses the identification of a Native American presence at the 18th century homestead of the Pharo family in coastal New Jersey, and what it reveals about life during the Contact period. Various stratigraphic contexts were excavated at the site that contain both European-made and Native-made artifacts. The foundation of this research is the definition and assessment of the contemporaneity of excavated contexts that include colonial and native-made artifacts at the West Creek site. By examining these contexts, conclusions can be drawn about the persistence of Native American technologies and settlement patterns into the 18th Century, as well as the interactions between Europeans and Native Americans at the site. Spatial distribution analysis utilizing ArcGIS technology was used to visualize the distribution of diagnostic artifact types throughout the site. Individual distribution maps were created for each of the selected artifact types. These maps were then compared to discern any site-wide patterns that exist. The spatial analysis conducted as part of this project demonstrates that Native Americans occupied areas at the West Creek site very close to one another. Native Americans and the Pharo family were interacting with one another on a regular basis for at least a short period of time. These interactions show no evidence of being violent or forceful. Despite the evidence of interactions, the Native Americans residing at the West Creek site maintained many Late Woodland technologies, including ceramics and projectile points. Furthermore, Native Americans continue to settle in settings similar to what is seen during the Late Woodland period.
Temple University--Theses
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Giroux, Amy Larner. "Kaleidoscopic Community History: Theories of Databased Rhetorical History-Making." Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2014. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/6277.
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To accurately describe the past, historians strive to learn the cultural ideologies of the time and place they study so their interpretations are situated in the context of that period and not in the present. This exploration of historical context becomes critical when researching marginalized groups, as evidence of their rhetorics and cultural logics are usually submerged within those of the dominant society. This project focuses on how factors, such as rhetor/audience perspective, influence cross-cultural historical interpretation, and how a community history database can be designed to illuminate and affect these factors.
Theories of contact zones and rhetorical listening were explored to determine their applicability both to history-making and to the creation of a community history database where cross-cultural, multi-vocal, historical narratives may be created, encountered, and extended. Contact zones are dynamic spaces where changing connections, accommodations, negotiations, and power struggles occur, and this concept can be applied to history-making, especially histories of marginalized groups. Rhetorical listening focuses on how perspective influences understanding the past, and listening principles are crucial to both historians and the consumers of history. Perspectives are grounded in cultural ideologies, and rhetorical listening focuses on how tropes, such as race and gender, describe and shape these perspectives. Becoming aware of tropes—both of self and other—can bring to view the commonalities and differences between cultures, and allow a better opportunity for cross-cultural understanding. Rhetorical listening steers the historian and the consumer of history towards looking at who is writing the history, and how both the rhetor and the audience's perspective may affect the outcome.
These theories of contact zones and rhetorical listening influenced the design of the project database and website by bringing perspective to the forefront. The visualization of rhetor/audience tropes in conjunction with the co-creation of history were designed to help foster cross-cultural understanding.Ph.D.
Doctorate
Arts and Humanities
Texts and Technology
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Merritt, Donald. "Fort Owen: The History and Archaeology of a Contact Period Site in Western Montana." The University of Montana, 2010. http://etd.lib.umt.edu/theses/available/etd-06092010-105551/.
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Fort Owen was part of recent historical western expansion into Montana, influencing both the cultural and environmental landscape of the state and the forts own existence. The Fort Owen collection provided the opportunity to research the history and archaeology of Fort Owen as a contact period site and as the first historic-period agricultural center in Montana. Fort Owen provided goods and services to a variety of individuals and was the nexus of settlement for the region for several years during the latter portion of the 19th century. Six goals of this thesis were to: 1) inventory the Fort Owen artifacts and locate all associated excavation and research records; 2) sort, clean, and catalog Fort Owen artifacts that have been collected over the past several decades; 3) examine whether and how a poorly provenienced collection still had significant research value relevant to the study of Fort Owen; 4) use new archaeological excavations to help establish provenience data for unprovenienced artifacts by cross-referencing the new finds with artifacts recovered from the site during past excavations; 5) provide a comprehensive record of all known information relating to Fort Owen in one place and provide copies of that information to relevant repositories; and 6) use the Fort Owen collection to argue that the site is critically important to Montana heritage, inspiring future research related to Fort Owens historical landscape. One of the major steps related to the above goals required synthesizing data from past field notes and related historical resources, including census records, historical accounts, books, and newspaper articles. Here I propose that Fort Owen itselfas well as its unprovenienced collectionhave information potential if examined using a theoretical approach based on Fort Owens historical position within a zone of 19th and early 20th-century cultural interaction in Montanas Bitterroot Valley. In addition, I also argue that applying an interpretive framework of agricultural development to archaeological analysis of Fort Owen reveals a complex set of socioeconomic interactions at local, regional, and even national scales.
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Curtis, Matthew Cowan. "Slavic-Albanian Language Contact, Convergence, and Coexistence." The Ohio State University, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1338406907.
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Preston, David L. "The texture of contact: Indians and settlers in the Pennsylvania backcountry, 1718-1755." W&M ScholarWorks, 1997. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539626135.
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Struve, Timothy James. "Readdressing the Quechua-Aru Contact Proposal: Historical and Lexical Perspectives." The Ohio State University, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1399026678.
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Webster, Laurie D. 1952. "Effects of European contact on textile production and exchange in the North American Southwest: A Pueblo case study." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/282534.
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The patterns of Pueblo textile production, use, and exchange underwent dramatic change during the first two centuries of Spanish-colonial rule as precontact styles and technologies were modified, new ones embraced, and traditional systems of production and exchange were disrupted, usurped, and transformed. This study traces and interprets the historic and socioeconomic processes underlying these changes. Three major research questions are explored: (1) how were Pueblo systems of textile production and exchange organized prior to European contact? (2) how did contact with Spanish religious, political, and social institutions influence and transform these Pueblo systems; and (3) how did Pueblo societies compensate for these changes to ensure continuing supplies of native textiles for secular and ritual use? To evaluate these questions, the research constructs a general cross-cultural model of colonial textile change and then tests this model using archaeological and documentary data from the Pueblo Southwest for the period A.D. 1300-1850. Archaeological data from four regions are investigated and compared: the Hopi region, the Zuni region, the Rio Grande valley, and the eastern periphery. The research presents detailed technical analyses of archaeological textiles and production-related artifacts and features from the large, contact-period mission sites of Awatovi, Hawikuh, and Pecos, along with data from smaller assemblages. Using translations of primary Spanish accounts, the research considers the ways in which Franciscan missionaries, provincial governors, and other colonial entities appropriated Pueblo textiles and labor for Spanish-colonial purposes through systems of forced labor and tribute. The study assesses the impacts of this diversion on the organization of Pueblo textile production, including shifts in the gender of textile producers and in the contexts and scheduling of production activities. The adoption of new fibers and dyes and the growing use of Navajo, Hispanic, and imported fabrics by Pueblo consumers are also explored. On a broader level, the research traces the decline of textile production in the Eastern Pueblo region, the concomitant intensification of textile production among the Western Pueblos, the expansion of textile exchange networks on a regional scale, and the emergence of Hopi as the principal supplier of Pueblo textile needs.
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Elliott, Katherine Lynn. "Epic encounters: first contact imagery in nineteenth and early-twentieth century American art." Diss., University of Iowa, 2009. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/355.
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Since the early nineteenth-century when Americans began recording their short history in earnest, European explorers have held a central role in the nation's historical narrative, standing alongside the Founding Fathers as symbols of American ingenuity, determination, and fortitude. The nineteenth century also saw an explosion in the number of representations of first contacts between native populations and European and Euro-American explorers. These works range from fine art examples to illustrations in the popular media and were produced by artists across the artistic spectrum. Despite the popularity of the First Contact subject and its longevity within American art history, the importance of these images has, as of yet, been unexplored.
This dissertation examines First Contact images created in America during the nineteenth and early twentieth-century by artists Robert Walter Weir, George Catlin, Thomas Moran, Albert Bierstadt, and Charles M. Russell. I argue that the subject's popularity can be attributed not just to their importance as depictions of epic moments of transition in national and cultural history, but to the openness, or the mutability, of the subject itself. The first meeting of two people is an event of great possibility and potential, but, as this extended examination of the subject demonstrates, it can also be transformed to communicate vastly different messages at different moments in history.
As Americans simultaneously struggled to create a past, understand the present, and visualize the future, the First Contact subject, with its focus on the ambiguous meeting of two cultures, allowed a site in which to grapple with central questions and anxieties of the period, even as it depicted the past. They are thus complicated paintings that speak not to the facts of contact, but to the purposes served by these constructions and corrupted histories. Reading these First Contact paintings can help to illuminate a nineteenth-century understanding of history and also begin to elucidate the troubled legacy of Native/white relations since Columbus first encountered the New World.
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Dobyns, Susan Dianne. "The role of indigenous elites in culture contact and change: Interactional analysis of intercultural exchange events in early historic period Hawai'i, 1778-1819." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184559.
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Early contact period studies of first intercultural interactions are important for understanding both traditional pre-contact society and the changes brought about by culture contact. Using documentary records kept by early Euroamerican visitors, the sociolinguistic technique of interactional analysis was employed to identify and analyze specific Euroamerican descriptions of intercultural exchange interactions during early contact period Hawai'i (1778-1819). Statistical analyses revealed clear and consistent differences in the reported exchange experiences of high and low status individuals from both cultures. In the majority of the seven hundred and one (701) events, high status individuals from both cultures interacted together or low status individuals from both cultures interacted together. Interactions with mixed high and low status interactants rarely were reported. High status interactions were described in more detail than were low status interactions, and high status interactants were associated much more frequently with the rarer or less common aspects of exchange than were low status interactants. This was true for type of exchange, nature of exchange (whether mediated or direct), complexity of event description, and both Euroamerican and Hawaiian exchange goods. Narrator and voyage characteristics exhibited similarly distinct status associations. The early historic period was not a homogeneous or monolithic period. All major aspects of exchange events demonstrated simple diachronic change, and many were significant under more powerful statistical analysis as well. Some temporal variations were due to changes in narrator characteristics, particularly purpose of voyage. Other changes reflected shifting methods of control by both Euroamerican and Hawaiian high status individuals as well as the consolidation of power by high status Hawaiian ali'i. Mediated events were especially good indicators of these developments. A complementary analysis of thefts revealed clear status distinctions between low status Hawaiian thieves, low status Euroamerican victims, and high status Hawaiian agents of return. These descriptions indicated that thefts were neither numerous nor particularly important. Thus, interactional analysis provided an alternative to anecdotal ethnohistoric analysis. At the same time, it demonstrated the importance of analyzing collections of ethnohistoric documents in order to assess the variation (and the meaning of that variation) both within and between the individual documents.
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Preston, David L. "The texture of contact: European and Indian settler communities on the Iroquoian borderlands, 1720-1780." W&M ScholarWorks, 2002. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539623399.
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This dissertation is a comparative study of cultural relationships between European and Indian settler communities along the Six Nations' borders with New York and Pennsylvania from 1720 to 1780. It particularly examines "everyday encounters" between ordinary peoples---a dimension of colonial social and economic life that has usually escaped historians' attention. Palatine, Scots, Irish, Dutch, and English colonists not only lived close to Indian villages but also frequently interacted with Iroquois, Delawares, and other natives. Frontier farms, forts, churches, and taverns were scenes of frequent face-to-face meetings between colonists and Indians. My dissertation explores the dynamics of settler-Indian encounters and how they changed over time in the Mohawk, Susquehanna, and Ohio valleys. Ordinary people powerfully shaped the larger patterns of cultural contact through their routine negotiations.;The dissertation establishes a new vantage point by exploring northeastern North America as the "Iroquoian borderlands" rather than the Middle Colonies' frontiers. It also employs comparative history to highlight the structural similarities and differences of the Six Nations' borders with nearby colonies. Both Pennsylvania and New York enjoyed alliances with the Six Nations that sustained a period of peaceful relations in the eighteenth century. But Pennsylvania's settlement expansion sparked a triangular contest over land between natives, European squatters, and proprietors that resulted in open warfare and native dispossession by the 1750s.;New York enjoyed the longest span of peace with the native nations on its borders. In the Mohawk Valley, strong religious, economic, social, and military ties enabled Indian and colonial communities to coexist for most of the eighteenth century. It was not until the American Revolution that New York experienced the same racially charged warfare that Pennsylvania and other British colonies had experienced much earlier. The Revolution overturned the patterns of accommodation that prevailed between the Iroquois and the New York colonists. It uprooted the British-Iroquois alliance and led to dispossession for many Iroquois in punitive postwar treaties with the U.S. The comparative context more precisely reveals the means whereby the permeable Iroquoian borderlands of the early eighteenth century were transformed into juridically and racially defined state and national borders by the 1780s.
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Tricarico, Anthony Richard. "Environmental Legacies of Pre-Contact and Historic Land Use in Antigua, West Indies." Scholar Commons, 2019. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/7975.
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Hurricanes Irma and Maria have recently demonstrated once again the susceptibility of contemporary populations across the Caribbean to climate-driven events. For islands such as Antigua in the eastern Caribbean, this vulnerability is partly a legacy of prior land use. As such, the actions of pre-Contact and historic period inhabitants are intertwined with contemporary socio-ecological challenges faced by Antiguans today. This research sought to understand the relationship between land use and land degradation from ca. AD 100 to the present in eastern Antigua utilizing two markers of anthropic activity: soil stability and soil quality. Specifically, this research sought to examine how past anthropogenic actions have shaped landscape dynamics across two regions (Ayer’s Creek Basin and Indian Creek Basin), where archaeological research has revealed a long-term, continuous sequence of occupation dating back 2,000 years. Prior research suggests that contemporary environmental challenges in both regions may be linked to prior land management practices. However, it is unknown to what extent historical land use and its interactions with local geomorphology account for these challenges. The main research question was: In what ways and to what extent has past land use (as recorded archaeologically) impacted the landscape (as recorded by soil stability and soil quality) in the Ayer’s Creek and Indian Creek Basins in eastern Antigua? This research determined that contemporary soil erosion and soil quality loss may be attributed to historic land management practices, but mitigating these challenges is impeded by local perceptions of soil health.
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Duncan, Faith Louise, and Faith Louise Duncan. "Botanical reflections of the encuentro and the Contact Period in southern Marin County, California." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/185977.
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Plant indicator species and longitudinal paleobotanical data were used as independent measures to document the human ecological record of the contact period in southern Marin County, California. These data suggest that archaeological and documentary records are insufficient for examining changes in land management and use during the contact period. Prior to A.D. 1579, Western Miwok peoples had not encountered Europeans face to face. This early phase of the contact period is marked the possible introduction of New World species through passive cultural vectors. Two brief encounters occurred between the Miwok and Europeans between A.D. 1579 and 1775. Introduced and weedy plant species from fossil samples appear to confirm these encuentros and confirm the archeological evidence for intermittent contact during the second phase of the contact period. Modern and fossil pollen samples suggest that the intensity of human disturbance is geographically stratified and related to exploration, procurement, and management of specific resources. Coastal prairie, the redwood forest, and Bay salt marshes were the most affected by the second phase of the contact period. Shifts in vegetation diversity and increases in the numbers of introduced and weedy species were compared between ruderal and undisturbed contexts. These data were used as analogs to monitor the final phase of contact between A.D. 1775 to 1817. Hypotheses derived from ethnohistoric and ethnographic sources that suggest rapid shifts in land management practices and changes in plant representation were corroborated by some pollen data. Specifically, the ecological responses to the suppression of anthropogenic burning, changes in land tenure and parcelization, and the initiation of grazing and logging practices were examined. The cumulative impacts of introduced plants, shifts in land management from Miwok to Euroamerican-dominated resource procurement and subsistence practices, and ecological responses of plant species suggests that the contact period might better be defined on ecological terms rather than by purely material cultural or ethnographic definitions. In southern Marin, paleobotanical data provide a measurable indication of the ecological character of the pre-contact landscape and the cultural processes that effectively altered its character during the contact period.
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Crow, Rebekah, and n/a. "Colonialism's Paradox: White Women, 'Race' and Gender in the Contact Zone 1850-1910." Griffith University. School of Arts, Media and Culture, 2004. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20061009.115837.
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This thesis is both an empirical history of white women in Queensland colonialism and a theoretical history of colonialism and imperialism in the late nineteenth century. It is a feminist history which seeks to fill the gap in our understanding of white women and 'race' in the contact zone in Queensland in the nineteenth century. At this level the thesis restores historical agency to women and reveals women's history as a powerful alternative to traditional colonial histories. It also positions this Queensland history within a global discourse of critical imperial histories that has emerged over the past decade, seeking to understand how British imperialism and Queensland colonialism shaped and informed each other in a two way process. The central themes of the thesis are 'race' and gender. I examine the ways in which white women deploy imperial ideologies of 'race' in the contact zone to position themselves as white women. 'Race' and gender are explored through the ways in which white women negotiated, in their writing, their relationships with Indigenous people and Pacific Islanders on the frontier and in the contact zone. The white women whose texts are examined in this thesis engaged with 'race' difference in their autobiographical accounts and these accounts, on many levels, allow us to rethink colonial history. I argue that colonialism is paradoxical and that white women experienced this colonial paradox in their daily lives and negotiated it in their writing. The white women whose writing is studied here were decent people with good intentions. They were simultaneously humanitarians (to differing degrees) and colonists. They were dependant for their livelihoods upon a violent colonisation and yet they were sympathetic to the Aboriginal people they interacted with. Often they were silenced in their opinions on the violence they witnessed. Writing was a means of navigating these contradictions. White women were in a relatively powerless position in the contact zone and there was little they could do to mitigate the violence that they saw. The tensions that resulted from living in the colonial paradox on frontiers and in the contact zone, of being a colonists and humanitarians, and of living in an uncontrollable existential situation is expressed in the writing of these women. This history offers us a more holistic understanding of the complexity of colonialism in Australia.
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Peck, Joshua J. "THE BIOLOGICAL IMPACT OF CULTURE CONTACT: A BIOARCHAEOLOGICAL STUDY OF ROMAN COLONIALISM IN BRITAIN." The Ohio State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1237945824.
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Gullason, Lynda. "Engendering interaction : Inuit-European contact in Frobisher Bay, Baffin Island." Thesis, McGill University, 1998. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=35893.
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This thesis seeks to identify the mosaic, rather than the monolithic, nature of culture contact by integrating historical and archaeological sources relating to the concept of gender roles, as they influence response within a contact situation. Specifically, I examine how the Inuit gender system structured artifact patterning in Inuit-European contact situations through the investigation of three Inuit sites in Frobisher Bay, Baffin Island. These date from the 16th, 19th and early 20th centuries and represent a variety of seasonal occupations and dwelling forms.The ethnographic data suggest that Inuit gender relations were egalitarian and complementary. On this basis I hypothesize that European goods and materials were used equally by men and women. Within each gendered set of tasks, European goods and materials were differently used, according to empirically functional criteria such as the nature of the tasks.
Opportunities for and responses to European contact differed depending on the types of tasks in which Inuit women and men engaged and the social roles they played. Seasonality of occupation bears upon the archaeological visibility of gender activities.
Sixteenth-century Elizabethan contact did not alter Nugumiut gender roles, tasks, authority or status but served primarily as a source of raw material, namely wood and iron. Based on the analysis of slotted tools I suggest a refinement to take account of the overlap in blade thickness that occurs for metal and slate, and which depends on the function of the tool. I conclude that there was much more metal use by Thule Inuit than previously believed. However, during Elizabethan contact and shortly afterwards there was actually less metal use by the Nugumiut than in the prehistoric era.
Little archaeological evidence was recovered for 19th-century commercial whaling contact, (suggesting geographic marginality to European influence), or for 19th century Inuit occupation in the area. This is partly because of immigration to Cumberland Sound and because of subsequent structural remodelling of the dwellings by later occupants.
By the early 20th century, the archaeological record showed not only equal use of European material across gender but a near-ubiquitous distribution across most activity classes, even though commercial trapping never replaced traditional subsistence pursuits but only supplemented them.
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Wybrow, Vernon, and n/a. "Construction of the savage : western intellectual responses to the Maori and Aborigine, first contact to 1850." University of Otago. Department of History, 2002. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20070508.150402.
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This thesis is a comparative study of the West�s intellectual responses to the indigenous inhabitants of Australia and New Zealand from the period of first contact through until 1850. The thesis does not attempt a comprehensive history of the West�s encounters with Australasia nor does it attempt to discuss the role of the indigene within these encounters. The thesis does, however, discuss the formulation and expression of those intellectual traditions that informed the Western response to the Maori and Aborigine. Specifically, each chapter addresses a particular aspect of the West�s interaction with the indigenous peoples of Australasia in order demonstrate how the Western narratives of exploration, travel and settlement were informed by the wider discourse of colonialism. Amongst some of the themes addressed in the course of this thesis are: the ideal of the �Good Savage�, the shifting notion of a �Great Chain of Being�, the rise of natural history as a system for classifying human difference and the importance of ideas of savagery in framing the colonial response to the Maori and Aborigine were characterised by similarities and continuities as much as by the more commonly acknowledged differences and discontinuities.
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Coleman, Matthew Casey, and Matthew Casey Coleman. ""Pardon the Lack of Eloquence:" The Creation of New Ritual Traditions from Imperial Contact in Roman Gaul." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/620960.
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This dissertation analyzes the means by which ritual traditions changed and spread throughout the Roman provinces in Gaul in the first two centuries CE. While numerous scholars have studied ritual shifts in Roman Gaul with a focus on material culture and imagery, this has not been accompanied by a focus on the negotiations involving the non-elite. By including non-elite Gauls in the analysis, my research creates a full picture of religious change that traces how the traditions evolved and how these adaptations spread across the region. This project argues that ritual sites, practices of ritual deposition, monuments depicting the gods, burial traditions, burial stelae, and some commercial production were all part of the cultural negotiation regarding ritual among Gauls of various levels in the social hierarchy. Communication of these cultural negotiations was transmitted along the trade and pilgrimage travel routes in Gaul, including both roads and rivers. Numerous individuals used these routes and discussed their own ideas and learned about other views of the gods on their journeys. As these ideas spread, they gradually standardized. This regional study, that covers a broad periodization, states that the provinces of Gaul adopted Roman ritual imports into their religion through a nuanced series of local cultural negotiations that were still part of a regional network connected by travel routes. This process takes into account communal choices in regional changes. By broadening the focus of the study of provincial societies, this dissertation shows that the changes brought into new areas by the Romans created a complex network of negotiation, which crossed social hierarchies and geographical boundaries.
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Stenborg, Per. "Holding back history : issues of resistance and transformation in a post-contact setting, Tucuman, Argentina c. A.D. 1536-1660 /." Göteborg : Göteborg university, 2002. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb39056329n.
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Haglund, Sebastian. ""THEY SAY I AM A TRAITOR" : Contact as a Predictor for Reconciliation among Young Adults in Eastern Bosnia and Herzegovina." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Hugo Valentin-centrum, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-303963.
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Hayne, Jeremy Mark. "Culture contact and exchange in Iron Age north Sardinia (900 BC-200 BC)." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2013. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/4132/.
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Prehistoric Sardinia is best known for its Bronze Age Nuragic culture which lasted from the mid-2nd millennium until the early 1st millennium. The Iron Age and later prehistory of the island are often subsumed into discourses that emphasise the colonising Phoenicians (8th-6th centuries BC) and Carthaginians (6th-2nd centuries BC). In the north of the island the local communities, being neither part of the Bronze Age Nuragic culture nor of the colonized world of the south, are seen in relation to foreign communities rather than from local perspectives. This thesis uses postcolonial theoretical frameworks of island identity, consumption and materiality to examine the local/foreign interactions that take place in north Sardinia in the period between 900 – 200 BC. The main focus is to set the interrelationships between the local Sardinian communities and the Phoenician, Etruscan, Greek and Carthaginian traders and settlers who frequented the shores in a context that emphasises local and indigenous agency. At the same time this topic provides an opportunity to re-examine the scholarship that has led to north Sardinia being overlooked. This thesis covers a long time period and the project is divided geographically between three different zones of north Sardinia (the north-west, the central-east and the Olbia area) and chronologically between the 9th- 7th centuries, the 7th – 5th centuries and the 4th-2nd centuries BC. The data set includes the archaeological material from 51 north Sardinian sites that contain evidence of local/foreign interactions during these periods. Using this data a few well excavated sites are studied in greater detail to examine and question the models of acculturation and resistance that form the traditional perspectives of scholars working in the north. For example, the presence or lack of foreign material culture on indigenous sites has often been understood from the perspective that desire for foreign goods was natural. This approach overemphasises the role that foreign communities had in contact situations and at the same time underemphasises the agency and choices of the local inhabitants. Indeed an examination of the data shows how local practices continued and that the foreign presence had a limited impact. One of my aims in this thesis is to avoid a dualistic position which sets the local communities against foreign ones; in fact local/foreign interactions can result in the creation of ‘hybrid’ products, practices and communities and I explore how far we can see the hybridization of north Sardinian communities in the different phases of the 1st millennium through the material culture that informed their actions. A second aim is to explore what types of changes took place in north Sardinian identities through the types of objects they consumed. Some of the larger Iron Age sites were sanctuaries and thus I examine how far local communities used ritual as a way of mediating the exchanges between them and foreign people through their selection of the material culture. Thirdly, this thesis approaches the social identities of the Sardinians using a bottom-up approach to the interactions. This allows me to compare the different ways in which local communities experienced foreign contacts and culture over a broad period and the evidence illuminates the variety of ways that island identities were developed in the various regions of north Sardinia.
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Moore, Summer. "Persistence On The Periphery: Change And Continuity In Post-Contact Hawaiian Households, Na Pali Coast, Kaua'i Island, Hawaiian Islands." W&M ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1593091938.
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This dissertation examines components of Hawaiian household economies to understand how people on the remote Nā Pali Coast of Kaua'i Island, Hawai'i, maintained continuity in domestic life well into the late nineteenth century. It focuses on two case studies, notably a series of house sites at Nu'alolo Kai and Miloli'i, two neighboring communities on the western end of Kaua'i's remote Nā Pali Coast. This research situates Hawaiian house sites of the post-contact period in the tradition of household archaeology in Polynesia more broadly. However, it considers patterns of material change in colonial settings through a framework that emphasizes persistence over progressive models of change. Moreover, it highlights the ability of people in Hawaii's hinterlands to respond to the spread of foreign goods and ideas in different ways. The study utilizes archaeological data to investigate a series of grass-thatched house or hale sites at Nu'alolo Kai and Miloli'i. The Nu'alolo Kai data was obtained from an analysis of legacy collections, as well as compiled from published and unpublished analyses. The Miloli'i data was acquired through new excavations I directed at Miloli'i in 2016 and 2017. Using individual house sites as case studies, this project models household economies in an isolated region of Hawai'i and compares these economies to case studies from more central locations in the archipelago. The research demonstrates that nineteenth-century Nā Pali Coast households continued to rely on food production at the level of the household, even as they gradually incorporated small numbers of foreign goods into household economies. Rather than using new materials and practices to recreate households in the image of outsiders, however, nineteenth-century residents of the Nā Pali Coast used foreign goods to create a distinctive version of Hawaiian domesticity. My dissertation argues that, rather than committing themselves to wholesale participation in the market economy, Nā Pali Coast households were able to strategically fashion for themselves a place on the margins of the market economy. While the remoteness of this region constrained participation in Hawai'i's emerging market economy, it also engendered resilience and autonomy during a time of large-scale social and political change in the archipelago. While this dissertation focuses on a remote region of Hawai'i, its primary findings, that Nā Pali Coast households maintained a strategic separation from the market economy in the nineteenth century, has implications studies of colonial-era change and continuity in other parts of Hawai'i and Polynesia.
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Stovicek, Thomas William. "A Developmental History of the Hispano-Romance Verb Conjugations." The Ohio State University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1275060463.
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Brackney, Noel C. "The origins of Slavonic : language contact and language change in ancient eastern Europe and western Eurasia." Thesis, Muenchen LINCOM Europa, 2004. http://d-nb.info/985960000/04.
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Schumm, Gabriele de Souza e. Castro. "Um estudo enunciativo sobre politica de linguas e mudança linguistica." [s.n.], 2009. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/270587.
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Orientador: Eduardo Roberto Junqueira GuimarãesTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-14T01:13:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Schumm_GabrieledeSouzaeCastro_D.pdf: 410716 bytes, checksum: 94a18fef7113f3ba08eb2c6ae4285c80 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009
Resumo: Essa tese visa discutir, a partir do conceito de espaço de enunciação, a relação de línguas e, nesta medida, a mudança lingüística. Tendo em vista a importância da discussão da questão do contato de línguas para os trabalhos sobre mudança lingüística, pensar a relação de línguas, não como algo circunstancial de uma situação de bilingüismo, mas como parte do funcionamento da língua, possibilitou que, a partir do conceito de espaço de enunciação, se apresentasse um outro modo de tratar a mudança, distinto daquele que as teorias lingüísticas têm apresentado. O espaço de enunciação se configura como um espaço de relação de línguas que funcionam sempre em relação a outras línguas se dividindo, se refazendo e se tornam outras. Mas em que sentido a língua se torna outra? Para dar materialidade a esses questionamentos, analisamos um espaço de enunciação particular, o de Friburgo, bairro de descendentes de alemães, localizado na divisa de Campinas com Indaiatuba. A partir da análise do material lingüístico coletado, foi possível atestar que pela relação do português com o alemão este se tornou materialmente outro. Levando em consideração a diferença desse alemão em relação ao alemão falado na Alemanha, discutimos, neste trabalho, os sentidos da mudança e o modo como isso afeta os falantes e a lingüística
Abstract: This thesis aims to discuss, from the concept of enunciation space, the relation of languages, and in this measure, linguistic change. Keeping in mind the importance of discussion about the question of language contact for works about linguistic change, to think in relation to languages, not as something circumstantial of a bilingual situation, but as part of the functioning of language, enabled that from the concept of enunciation space, another manner, distinct from what the other linguistic theories of approaching the change, would present itself. Enunciation space sets itself as a relation space of languages that always work in relation to other languages, dividing, remaking themselves and becoming others. But in what sense makes the language become another? In order to give materiality to these questions, we analyzed a particular enunciation space, Friburgo, a neighborhood of German descendants, located on the border of Campinas and Indaiatuba. From analysis of the linguistic material that was collected, it was possible to witness that through the relation of the Portuguese with German, it materially became another. Taking into consideration the difference between this German and the German spoken in Germany, in this work we discuss the meanings of the change and the way that it affects speaker and linguistics
Doutorado
Linguistica
Doutor em Linguística
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Stiegler, Morgen Leigh. "African Experience on American Shores: Influence of Native American Contact on the Development of Jazz." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1244856703.
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Cerrón-Palomino, Rodolfo. "Language Contact and Linguistic Shift in Central-Southern Andes: Puquina, Aimara and Quechua." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2012. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/113457.
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In this paper an attempt will be made to offer a partial history of the three major languages of ancient Peru: Puquina, Aimara and Quechua, postulating their initial settlement from which they started spreading, until their encounter in the Central-Southern Andes during the Late Intermediate Period. It is proposed that the Incas passed through two stages of language substitution: the first from Puquina to Aimara and then from Aimara to Quechua. Linguistic, historical and archaeological evidence will be advanced to support the hypothesis.En la presente contribución intentaremos bosquejar una parte de la historia de las tres lenguas mayores del antiguo Perú: el puquina, el aimara y el quechua, proponiendo los emplazamientos iniciales a partir de los cuales se expandieron hasta confluir en los Andes centro-sureños durante el Periodo Intermedio Tardío. Proponemos que los incas, a lo largo de su dominación, pasaron por dos etapas de mudanza idiomática: primeramente del puquina al aimara y, luego, del aimara al quechua. En apoyo de las hipótesis planteadas echamos mano de las evidencias de carácter lingüístico, histórico y arqueológico disponibles.
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Anstee, Cameron Alistair Owen. "Make Contact: Contributive Bookselling and the Small Press in Canada Following the Second World War." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/36041.
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This dissertation examines booksellers in multiple roles as cultural agents in the small press field. It proposes various ways of understanding the work of booksellers as actively shaping the production, distribution, reception, and preservation of small press works, arguing that bookselling is a small press act unaccounted for in existing scholarship. It is structured around the idea of “contributive” bookselling from Nicky Drumbolis, wherein the bookseller “adds dimension to the cultural exchange […] participates as user, maker, transistor” (“this fiveyear list”). The questions at the heart of this dissertation are: How does the small press, in its material strategies of production and distribution, reshape the terms of reception for readers? How does the bookseller contribute to these processes? What does independent bookselling look like when it is committed to the cultural and aesthetic goals of the small press? And what is absent from literary and cultural records when the bookseller is not accounted for?
This dissertation covers a period from 1952 to the present day. I begin by positing Raymond Souster’s “Contact” labour as an influential model for small press publishing in which the writer must adopt multiple roles in the communications circuit in order to construct and educate a community of readers. I then examine the bookseller catalogue as a bibliographic, critical, and pedagogical genre of publication that mediates productive encounters between readers and books. I next position the material, affective, and effective labour of the bookseller within the small press gift economy. Finally, I theorize the bookstore as a potential small press archive that functions as a viable counterweight to institutional collection and preservation. My reconsideration of the labour of the bookseller realigns relations between production, distribution, reception, documentation, and preservation of small press publications, making possible a more complete accounting of the histories of the book and of the small press in Canada.
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Blaxter, Tam Tristram. "Speech in space and time : contact, change and diffusion in medieval Norway." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2017. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/269365.
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This project uses corpus linguistics and geostatistics to test the sociolinguistic typological theory put forward by Peter Trudgill on the history of Norwegian. The theory includes several effects of societal factors on language change. Most discussed is the proposal that ‘intensive’ language contact causes simplification of language grammar. In the Norwegian case, the claim is that simplificatory changes which affected all of the Continental North Germanic languages (Danish, Swedish, Norwegian) but not the Insular North Germanic Languages were the result of contact with Middle Low German through the Hanseatic League. This suggests that those simplificatory changes arose in the centres of contact with the Hanseatic League: cities with Hansa trading posts and kontors. The size of the dataset required would have made it impossible for previous scholars to test this prediction, but digital approaches render the problem tractable. I have designed a 3.5m word corpus containing nearly all extant Middle Norwegian, and developed statistical methods for examining the spread of language phenomena in time and space. The project is made up of a series of case studies of changes. Three examine simplifying phonological changes: the rise of svarabhakti (epenthetic) vowels, the change of /hv/ > /kv/ and the loss of the voiceless dental fricative. A further three look at simplifying morphological changes: the loss of 1.sg. verbal agreement, the loss of lexical genitives and the loss of 1.pl. verbal agreement. In each case study a large dataset from many documents is collected and used to map the progression of the change in space and time. The social background of document signatories is also used to map the progression of the change through different social groups. A variety of different patterns emerge for the different changes examined. Some changes spread by contagious diffusion, but many spread by hierarchical diffusion, jumping first between cities before spreading to the country at large. One common theme which runs through much of the findings is that dialect contact within the North Germanic language area seems to have played a major role: many of the different simplificatory changes may first have spread into Norwegian from Swedish or Danish. Although these findings do not exactly match the simple predictions originally proposed from the sociolinguistic typological theory, they are potentially consistent with a more nuanced account in which the major centres of contact and so simplifying change were in Sweden and Denmark rather than Norway.
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Amit, Aviv. "Modèles des contacts linguistiques dans l’histoire de la langue française." Thesis, Paris 4, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA040153.
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Cette recherche vise à évaluer l'ordre dans lequel les divers contacts linguistiques ont eu lieu dans l'histoire de la langue française. Nous confrontons d'abord quelques approches théoriques afin d'intégrer la linguistique, la sociologie, les sciences politiques et les sciences économiques. Nous nous demandons ensuite dans quelle mesure les rapports entre le français et les autres langues, autochtones ou étrangères, sont systématiques, tout en construisant un modèle des trois étapes (mentale, politique et économique) qui ne cessent de se reproduire. Nous analysons enfin l'état des contacts linguistiques actuels du français-francophone à la lumière des différentes périodes dans l'histoire de la langue françaiseThis work aims to evaluate the order in which different language contacts have occurred throughout the history of the French language. We proceed as follow: first, we integrate some theoretical approaches from different research fields: linguistics, sociology, political sciences and economics. Then, we observe the homogeneity of historical langue encounters of French with other languages, local or foreign, by developing a three-stage model (mental, political and economical) that repeats itself along the years. Using this historical model, we analyze the situation of current worldwide language contacts of French
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Mihok, Lorena Diane. "Unearthing Augusta: Landscapes of Royalization on Roatan Island, Honduras." Scholar Commons, 2013. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/4920.
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In 1742, the settlement of Augusta was established as an outpost of English royalization on Roatán Island, Honduras. This military camp housed a mix of English soldiers, English colonists, and local indigenous Miskitu peoples. While the settlement was occupied for only a brief span of seven years, the material record of the community provides insight into Miskitu-English interactions during the royalization process. Royalization encompassed strategies deployed by the English Crown to bring about loyalty to the state. In this dissertation, I discuss the concept of royalization from an agent-centered perspective to consider the intentions behind the occupants' usage of objects and spaces in everyday practice. This interdisciplinary research integrates documentary evidence with the results of four field seasons of archaeological investigations, which have unearthed mixed deposits of English and Miskitu material culture. I contend that such deposits indicate that Augusta's occupants were participants in the royalization process, but that these strategies were not fluid or enforced. The royalization of Augusta was complicated by a number of factors including the settlement's distance from the Crown, its local environment, and the diversity of its occupants. By considering the historical and archaeological evidence, I contend that elements of English lifestyles were integrated into Miskitu identity, and that this integration reveals some of the ways in which the process of royalization was adapted to the unique social and natural landscape of the western Caribbean.
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Mann, Ruddy. "Experiments and thermomechanical modelling of braking application & friction material characterization with loading history effect." Thesis, Lille 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIL10016.
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L’expansion actuelle du secteur de la haute vitesse ferroviaire vers des vitesses d’exploitation et chargements plus importants conduit à la nécessité d’améliorer les systèmes de freinage garantissant leurs performances malgré l’énergie supplémentaire à dissiper.La méthodologie actuelle de développement de ces matériaux étant principalement basée sur un retour d’expérience essai/erreur, l’objectif vise donc à développer une méthodologie alternative incorporant des modèles théoriques et numériques pour la conception de matériaux de friction. Cependant, les difficultés s’avèrent multiples avec des interactions complexes entre les aspects tribologiques, thermiques, mécaniques, et physico-chimiques, mais également entre les différentes échelles allant de la surface au système. Ce travail se concentre donc sur les aspects thermomécaniques dans le but de développer un modèle numérique prédictif intégrant une évolution du matériau pouvant affecter les performances de freinage. Dans un premier temps, une méthodologie originale est développée pour caractériser le matériau de friction soumis à des sollicitations réalistes et permettant d’identifier le comportement du matériau. La caractérisation fut réalisée pour différents historiques de freinage. Des modèles de comportement thermo-élasto-plastique ont été ainsi établis. La deuxième étape de ce travail porte sur le développement d’un modèle d’éléments finis de freinage intégrant les comportements matériaux précédemment identifiés ainsi que leur évolution avec l’historique de chargement. Les résultats illustrent l’impact de l’évolution du matériau de friction sur les performances de freinageThe railway high speed sector is currently expanding with an increase of the maximum operating speed and load leading to the necessity of improving the capacity of the disc braking to ensure performances despite the additional energy to dissipate. The current methodology used for the development of these material is based on trial-error experimental feedback. The goal is to develop alternative methodologies, with theoretical and numerical models for designing these components. Difficulties are the complex interactions between tribological, thermal, mechanical, chemical effects and interactions between scales from the surface to the system. This work is focused on the thermomechanical aspects with the challenge of developing a realistic numerical model and considering the material evolution assuming that this evolution affects the braking performances. In the first step, an original methodology has been developed to characterize the friction material submitted to realistic solicitations and allowing identifying bulk material behavior. Characterization has been done for different braking loading histories. Corresponding thermo-elastic-plastic behavior models have been proposed. The second step of this work is the development of a finite element model of the brake system, including the sintered material models previously identified and the evolution with loading history. The numerical results illustrate the impact of the friction material evolution regarding the braking performances. They are also compared to experimental tests carried out on a real scale braking bench
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Pinciotti, Caitlin Mary McNamara. "Comparing Self-Efficacy, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, and Coping in Women With and Without a Sexual Assault History Enrolled in Self-Defense Classes." Cleveland State University / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1369773244.
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Benraouda, Ahlem. "Résultats de convergence pour les inéquations variationnelles et applications en mécanique du contact." Thesis, Perpignan, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PERP0009/document.
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Le sujet de cette thèse porte sur quelques résultats de convergence pour les inéquations variationnelles avec applications dans l'étude des problèmes aux limites décrivant le contact entre un corps déformable et une fondation. La thèse est composée de deux parties. Dans la première partie, nous nous intéressons à l'analyse des inéquations quasivariationnelles, avec ou sans opérateurs de mémoire, dans un espace de Hilbert. Nous prouvons plusieurs résultats de convergence liés à la perturbation de l'ensemble des contraintes ainsi qu'à une méthode de pénalisation. Aussi, pour une classe d'inéquations quasivariationnelles avec opérateurs de mémoire nous étudions une formulation duale pour laquelle nous présentons des résultats d'existence, d'unicité et d'équivalence. La deuxième partie est consacrée à l'application de ces résultats abstraits dans l'étude de six problèmes de contact pour des matériaux élastiques, viscoélastiques et viscoplastiques, dans le cas statique ou quasistatique. Les lois de contact considérées sont la loi de Signorini, la loi de contact avec compliance normale et contrainte unilatérale et la loi de contact avec contrainte unilatérale et seuil critique. Enfin, nous étudions un nombre de problèmes de contrôle optimal associés aux certains modèles de contact. Pour ces problèmes nous obtenons des résultats d'existence et de convergenceThe topic of this thesis concerns some convergence results for variational inequalities with applications in the study of boundary value problems which describe the contact between a deformable body and a foundation. The thesis is divided into two parts. In the first part, we are interested in the analysis of quasivariational inequalities, with or without history-dependent operators, in Hilbert spaces. We prove some convergence results related to a perturbation of the set of constraints and a penalty method, as well. Moreover, for a class of history-dependent quasivariational inequalities we study a dual formulation for which we present existence, uniqueness and equivalence results. The second part is devoted to applications of these abstract results in the study of six contact problems with elastic, viscoelastic and viscoplastic materials, both in the static or quasistatic case. The contact conditions we consider are the Signorini condition, the normal compliance condition with unilateral constraint, the unilateral constraint condition with yield limit. Finally, we study a number of optimal control problems associated to some contact models. For these problems we provide existence and convergence results
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Schmit, Emily. "For Her Own Good: Legal Justifications Used to Exclude Women and Girls from Sports." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/193278.
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Using Title IX of the Educational Amendments of 1972 and a review of the history of sport in the United States, this thesis provides a critical feminist analysis of how the legal system perpetuates and justifies sport as a male domain. The gender hierarchy in sport continues to be supported through the interpretation of the law meant to rectify gender disparities. The analysis of legal records in this thesis demonstrates that cultural and social beliefs regarding women and sport are evident in the construction of the law and impacts court rulings. Title IX and its subsequent interpretations and regulations, specifically, the Contact Sports Exemption, are manipulated in an unconstitutional manner reinforcing the traditionally male dominated institution of sport. This thesis argues that despite the nondiscrimination intent and purpose of Title IX, false assumptions about gender are perpetuated within the law and make gender equality in sport difficult, if not impossible.
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Dolmans, Emily. "Regional identities and cultural contact in the literatures of post-conquest England." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2016. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:1a791675-9c4e-422b-ba8e-34d3d2eda0e9.
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This thesis explores the geographic complexity of English identity in the High Middle Ages by examining texts that reflect moments and spaces of cultural contact. While interaction with a cultural Other is often thought to reinforce national identity, I challenge this notion, positing instead that, in the texts analysed here, cultural meetings prompt the formation or consolidation of regional identities. These identities are often simultaneously local and cross-cultural, inclusive but based in community ties and a shared sense of place. Each of the four chapters examines a different kind of regional identity and its relation to Englishness through romances and historiographical texts in Anglo-Latin, Anglo-Norman, and Middle English. Discussion primarily focuses on the Gesta Herwardi, Gaimar's Estoire des Engleis, Fouke le Fitz Waryn, Gui de Warewic, Boeve de Haumtone, Le roman de toute chevalerie, and Richard Coer de Lyon. Each of these texts negotiates English identity in relation to a cultural Other, and balances various aspects of cultural identity and scales of geographic affiliation. While some focus exclusively on a particular locality, others create inclusive regional identities, draw together the foreign and the familiar, or depict England as a region on the edge of an interconnected world. These texts show that Englishness can carry different meanings, nuances, and identitary strategies that depend on context, location, or ideology. Together, they forge an image of England that is diverse and multinucleated. Its borders become spaces of meeting, connection, and cultural overlap, as well as division. These works establish a strong English identity while articulating England's necessary relationship with other places, spaces, and peoples, challenging not the borders of England, but the borders of Englishness.
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De, Gracia Marie. "Génomique évolutive de l'agent pathogène de la tavelure du pommier, Venturia inaequalis, dans le cadre de la domestication de son hôte." Thesis, Angers, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ANGE0010/document.
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Les changements phénotypiques et génétiques consécutifs au processus de domestication et plus largement du passage d'un environnement sauvage aux agro-écosystèmes sont bien décrits chez les espèces végétales. Cependant, l’impact de ces changements de traits d'histoire de vie sur les populations de pathogènes infectant les hôtes domestiqués a jusqu’alors été très peu abordé. En particulier,quelles sont les conséquences sur les traits d’histoire de vie des pathogènes du passage d’un milieu sauvage caractérisé par une grande hétérogénéité d’hôtes à des agro-écosystèmes bien plus denses et homogènes génétiquement? Est-ce que le génome des pathogènes porte des signatures de changements démographiques ou de sélection en relation avec la domestication de leurs hôtes ? Ces questions traitées dans le cadre de la présente thèse ont porté sur le champignon Venturiainaequalis, agent pathogène de la tavelure du pommier, qui partage en Asie Centrale le même centre d’origine que son hôte endémique sauvage Malus sieversii. Les travaux reposent principalement sur 1)l'étude du passage de souches sauvages virulentes sur pommier résistant VF expliquant le contournement rapide de cette résistance et 2)l'étude de génomique des populations et de variations phénotypiques comparant une population de V. inaequalis échantillonnée sur M.sieversii au Kazakhstan, préalablement identifiée comme étant une relique de la population ancestrale, et d'une population Kazakhe de milieu anthropisé. Ces deux populations sont génétiquement différenciées et partiellement isolées reproductivement. L’utilisation des deux méthodes d’inférence l'une l'ABC et l'autre dadi basées sur l’alignement de 10 994 gènes échantillonnés au sein des deux populations révèlent une histoire complexe de contact secondaire, où le champignon aurait dans un premier temps « suivi » la plante hôte à travers le monde au cours de la domestication (modèle de l'hosttracking) puis échangerait à nouveau depuis peu des gènes avec la population ancestrale au Kazakhstan. Cette situation originale de remise en contact secondaire favorisant la mise en évidence d’incompatibilités génétiques, permet à la fois d’envisager de détecter des gènes impliqués dans l’adaptation à l’habitat (pommier cultivé versus Malus sieversii) et dans l’isolement reproductif post-zygotique. L’analyse des 36 génomes séquencés a ainsi permis d’identifier plus de 602 gènes présentant un indice de différentiation (Fst) supérieur à 0,7 autant de gènes verrous faisant potentiellement obstacle aux flux de gènes homogènes entre ces deux populations. Enfin, l’analyse phénotypique de ces deux populations montre que la domestication du pommier a profondément modifié les traits d’histoire de vie de V. inaequalis liés à sa dispersion. L’ensemble de ces analyses a donc permis d’identifier des locus candidats potentiellement impliqués dans des modifications des traits d’histoire de vie, et dans des barrières géniques, en lien avec la domestication du pommierPhenotypic and genetic changes occurring during the process of domestication are well described in plants. However, the impact of domestication in life history traits of their pathogens has been poorly studied. In particular, what are the consequences on the life history traits of pathogens that switch from the wild habitat characterized by a high host genetic and spatial heterogeneity to a much more dense and genetically homogeneous agroecosystems? Have pathogen’s genomes particular signatures of demographic changes or of selection related to the domestication of their host? Here we focused on the fungus Venturia inaequalis, causal agent of apple scab, that shares in Central Asia the same center of origin of its wild endemic host Malus sieversii. In the first part of this work we retrace evolutionary history of a population from the wild that was responsible for the rapid breakdown of the Vf resistance gene in apple orchards. We then highlight the threat of wild habitat to scab resistance apple cultivars and thus the necessity to take into account the wild in the management of resistance genes. In the second part, a comparative study based on phenotypic and genomic data was carried out between two populations sampled in Kazakhstan on M. sieversii, either in anthropized areas or in non anthropized area, the latter being identified as a relic of the ancestral population of V. inaequalis. These two populations were genetically differentiated and partially reproductively isolated. The use of two methods of inference (ABC and dadi) based on the alignment of 10 994 genes sampled in the two populations revealed a complex history of a secondary contact event. The fungus would have first followed its host worldwide by "Host-tracking" during the domestication process and then very recently it would re-exchange genes with its ancestral population in Kazakhstan. Secondary contact context is particularly favorable to detect genetic incompatibilities, this particular situation could then allow identification of genes involved in adaptation to habitat (cultivated apple versus M. sieversii) and in post-zygotic reproductive isolation. Analysis of 36 sequenced genomes has identified more than 602 genes with an index of differentiation (Fst) greater than 0.7, what represents numerous candidates genes of potential barriers to homogeneous gene flow between these two populations. Comparative phenotypic analysis between these two populations such spores size and capacity to sporulate showed that apple domestication would have also modified life history traits of V. inaequalis related to its dispersion. This study has allowed identification of candidate loci potentially involved in changes in life history traits, and genetic barriers in pathogen related to the domestication of apple
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Doyle, Conan Turlough. "Anglo-Saxon medicine and disease : a semantic approach." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2017. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/268228.
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As a semantic investigation into Anglo-Saxon medicine, this thesis investigates the ways in which the Old English language was adapted to the technical discipline of medicine, with an emphasis on semantic interference between Latin medical terminology and Old English medical terminology. The main purpose of the examination is to determine the extent to which scholarly ideas concerning the nature of the human body and the causes of disease were preserved between the Latin texts and the English texts which were translated and compiled from them. The main way in which this has been carried out is through a comparative analysis of technical vocabulary, excluding botanical terms, in medical prose texts utilising the Dictionary of Old English Web Corpus of texts, and a selection of printed editions of Latin texts which seem to have been the most likely sources of medical knowledge in Anglo-Saxon England. As a prerequisite to this comparative methodology it has been necessary to assemble a corpus of Latin textual parallels to the single most significant Old English medical text extant, namely Bald’s Leechbook. These parallels have been presented in an appendix alongside a transcript and translation of Bald’s Leechbook. A single question thus lies at the heart of this thesis: did Old English medical texts preserve any of the classical medical theories of late antiquity? In answering this question, a number of other significant findings have come to light. Most importantly, it is to be noted that modern scholarship is only now beginning to focus on the range of Late Antique and Byzantine medical texts available in Latin translation in the early medieval period, most notably for our present purposes Alexander of Tralles, but also Oribasius, Galen, pseudo-Galen and several Latin recensions of the works of Soranus of Ephesus, including the so-called Liber Esculapii and Liber Aurelii. The linguistic study further demonstrates that the technical language of these texts was very well understood and closely studied in Anglo-Saxon England, the vernacular material not only providing excellent readings of abstruse Latin technical vocabulary, but also demonstrating a substantial knowledge of technical terms of Greek origin which survive in the Latin texts.
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Couderc, Maxime. "Analyse et contrôle de quelques problèmes aux limites en mécanique du contact." Thesis, Perpignan, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PERP0024.
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Le sujet de cette thèse porte sur le contrôle optimal de quelques problèmes aux limites décrivant le contact entre un corps déformable et une fondation. La thèse est composée de trois parties. La première partie contient des préliminaires d’analyse. La deuxième partie représente un résumé des résultats obtenus dans l’étude de quatre problèmes aux limites. Le premier problème décrit un processus de contact statique sans frottement entre un corps élastique et une fondation rigide-plastique avec contrainte unilatérale. Dans le second problème on ajoute une deuxième surface de contact avec frottement de Coulomb et compliance normale. Le troisi`eme probl`eme est un probl`eme dual. Le contact est sans frottement, mod´elis´e par une version de la condition de Signorini. Le dernier probl`eme consid´er´e est ´evolutif, conduisant a` l’´etude d’une in´equation quasivariationnelle avec opérateur de mémoire. Pour chaque problème on fournit des résultats d’existence, d’unicité et de convergence de la solution faible. Enfin, on traite quelques problèmes de contrôle optimal associés aux modèles de contact ci-dessus. La dernière partie de la thèse est constituée de quatre articles. On y revient sur les problèmes de contact sus-mentionnés tout en présentant les d´détails des d´démonstrationsThe topic of this thesis concerns the optimal control of some boundary value problems describing the contact between a deformable body and a foundation. The thesis is divided into three parts. The first part contains preliminaries on functional analysis. The second part summarize our results in the study of four boundary value problems. The first one describes the process of static frictionless contact between an elastic body and a rigid-plastic foundation with unilateral constraint. In the second one we consider a second contact surface with Coulomb friction law and normal compliance. The third problem is a dual problem. The contact is frictionless and is modelled by a version of the Signorini condition. The last problem we consider is evolutionary, leading to the study of an history-dependent quasivariational inequality. For each problem we provide existence, uniqueness and convergence results for the weak solu- tion. Finally, we deal with some optimal control problems associated to our contact models above. The last part of the thesis contains four papers. Here we turn back on the above mentionned contact problems and present the details in proof
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Padilla, Moyano Manuel. "Analyse diachronique du dialecte souletin : XVIe - XIXe siècles." Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BOR30017/document.
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Considérés comme variétés marginales, les parlers basques orientaux —notamment la branche roncalo-souletine— dénotent une forte tendance archaïsante qui rend nécessaire la recherche diachronique sur ces dialectes. Le souletin est, sans aucun doute, le principal dialecte parmi les parlers orientaux disposant de témoignages écrits dans le passé. Grâce au caractère relativement précoce des témoignages et à leur continuité temporelle, le caractère prioritaire du souletin dans l’étude diachronique du basque oriental est incontestable. Cette thèse aborde donc l’histoire du dialecte souletin à travers ses textes. En d’autres termes, notre approche concerne l’histoire interne de la langue, et ne vise pas à établir son évolution en fonction des locuteurs ou des événements politiques et socio-économiques qui l’auraient influencée (histoire externe). En quête d’hypothèses solides, notre travail de description diachronique se base sur un corpus composé de plus de quarante textes qui embrasse la plupart des ouvrages imprimés entre 1657 et 1873, en plus d’une sélection représentative des témoignages de la tradition populaire. Notre recherche s’est déroulée en deux phases : 1) la constitution du corpus, qui a exigé un travail philologique profond ; et 2) le travail d’analyse d’un ensemble étendu d’éléments linguistiques concernant tous les niveaux de la langue, à l’exception du lexique. Quant à l’explication des données, nous avons eu recours aux outils habituels de la linguistique historique, et plus précisément ceux qui peuvent nous aider à dévoiler le passé d’une langue sans parent connu : a) la comparaison interne ; b) la théorie de la grammaticalisation ; et c) la typologie linguistique. A ces trois instruments d’analyse nous en avons ajouté deux autres : la connaissance des phénomènes de contact linguistique, d’une part, et la sociolinguistique historique d’autre part. L’examen des plus de cinquante traits linguistiques sélectionnés nous permet d’offrir une vision générale de l’évolution du basque souletin. Nous avons conclu que ce dialecte est dans l’essentiel une variété conservatrice qui a maintenu nombre d’archaïsmes datant du Basque Unifié Ancien (circa VIIe siècle ; cf. Mitxelena 1981), ainsi que des innovations et des choix de date ancienne partagés avec d’autres parlers orientaux. Par ailleurs, nous avons démontré que les innovations développées par le basque souletin au cours des derniers siècles s’expliquent en raison du contact intensif avec le gascon, voir, béarnaisRegarded as marginal varieties, Eastern Basque dialects —in particular the Roncalo Souletin branch— show a strong tendency to archaism, which makes diachronic research on these dialects most necessary. Souletin is undoubtedly the main dialect among the Eastern varieties of Basque with old written documents; due to their relatively early nature and temporal continuity, the centrality of Souletin in the diachronic study of the Eastern Basque is uncontroversial. This dissertation focuses on the evolution of Souletin on the basis of the diachronic analysis of a wide array of linguistic features, mostly —but not only— morphosyntactic ones. In other words, it targets the internal history of the language, and so does not aim to establish its evolution according to its speakers or the political and socio-economic events which could have influenced it (external history). In the search for solid basis/foundations, this dissertation is based on a corpus composed of more than forty texts (1616-1899), which covers the majority of the printed production, in addition to a representative sample of documents from popular tradition. We have carried out this research in two phases: 1) the definition and constitution of the corpus, which has implied exhaustive philological work; and 2) the analysis of more than fifty linguistic features. Regarding the explanation of the data, we have used the main tools of historical linguistics, and more specifically those which help us understand the past of an isolated language: a) internal comparison; b) grammaticalisation; and c) typology. Moreover, we have taken into consideration language contact phenomena and the approach of historical sociolinguistics. After having analysed the historical development of every linguistic feature under consideration, we are able to offer a complete picture of the evolution of Souletin Basque, as well as the direction of the changes that it underwent. We have shown that Souletin Basque is essentially conservative: in fact, it has maintained a number of archaisms dating from the Old Common Basque (c. 7th century; cf. Mitxelena 1981), as well as ancient innovations shared with other eastern varieties. Furthermore, we have demonstrated that the main Souletine innovations of the last centuries are due to intensive contact with Gascon Occitan
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Benavides, Edgar. "Evolution in Neotropical Herpetofauna: Species Boundaries in High Andean Frogs and Evolutionary Genetics in the Lava Lizard Genus Microlophus (Squamata: tropiduridae): A History of Colonization and Dispersal." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2006. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd1652.pdf.
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Outram-Leman, Sven. "The nature of British mapping of West Africa, 1749-1841." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/25821.
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By focusing on the “nature” of mapping, this thesis falls under the category of critical cartography closely associated with the work of Brian Harley in the 1980s and early 1990s. As such the purpose of this research is to highlight the historical context of British maps, map-making and map-reading in relation to West Africa between 1749 and 1841. I argue that maps lie near the heart of Britain’s interactions with West Africa though their appearance, construction and use evolved dramatically during this period. By beginning this study with a prominent French example (Jean Baptiste Bourguignon d’Anville’s 1749 “Afrique”) I show how British map-makers adapted cartography from France for their own purposes before circumstances encouraged the development of new materials. Because of the limited opportunities to make enquiries in the region and the relatively few people involved in affecting change to the map’s content, this thesis highlights the episodes and manufactured narratives which feature in the chronology of evolving cartographies. This study concludes with the failure of the 1841 Niger Expedition, when Britain’s humanitarian agenda saw the attempted establishment of a model farm on banks of the Niger River and the negotiation of anti-slave trade treaties with nearby Africans. The cartography and geographical knowledge which supported this scheme is in stark contrast with what existed in the mid-eighteenth century. More than simply illustrating geographical and ethnographical information though, these maps helped inform Britons about themselves and I argue that much of what occurs here features prominently in national discourses about identity, civilization and the justification of British efforts to improve Africa.
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Davidson, Matthew J. "Interaction on the Frontier of the 16th-17th Century World Economy: Late Fort Ancient Hide Production and Exchange at the Hardin Site, Greenup County, Kentucky." UKnowledge, 2016. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/anthro_etds/20.
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This study assesses the organization and intensity of hide processing from sequential occupations at the Late Fort Ancient (A.D. 1400-1680) Hardin Site located in the central Ohio Valley. Historical and archaeological sources were drawn on to develop expectations for production intensification: 1) an increase in production tool quantity, 2) an increase in production debris quantity, and 3) an increase in tool utilization intensity. Many Native groups situated on the periphery of early European colonies intensified hide production to meet demand generated by an emerging global trade in hides. As this economic activity intensified in the 16th and 17th centuries it incorporated and ever greater network of native communities. By documenting production intensification at the Hardin Site, this study evaluates the degree to which global markets incorporated regions beyond the colonial periphery before A.D. 1680. This study also examines the social dimensions of economic activity by asking who processed hides, who may have benefited from the products of this labor, and whether or not either of these were influenced by participation in the tumultuous interaction sphere of the eastern North American Contact Period.
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Etchebarne, Michel. "Dynamique historique de la langue basque : variation dans l’espace et changement dans le temps." Thesis, Paris 4, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA040027.
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L’objectif de la présente étude est de donner une certaine idée de la façon dont la langue basque a changé au cours des deux millénaires écoulés. Dans ce but, l’étude fournit une présentation problématisée du diasystème contemporain. Elle s’intéresse ensuite à un groupe de verbes considérés comme révélateurs de l’évolution du système. Elle présente les principaux acquis des études diachroniques basques et met en place des amorces de scénario de changement. Elle tente de comprendre la façon dont le diasystème latino-roman a pu conditionner l’évolution du diasystème basque. Enfin, elle offre un éclairage particulier à partir de l’exemple du vocabulaire de la parentéThe objective of the present study is to give some idea on the way the Basque language has changed over the last two millennia. For this purpose, the study provides a structured overview of present Basque diasystem. It then focuses on a cluster of verbs considered indicative of the evolution of the system. It presents the main achievements of the Basque diachronic studies and puts first change scenarios forward. It aims to understand how the Latin Romance diasystem has conditioned the evolution of the Basque diasystem. Finally, it offers an insight dealing with the example of the kinship terminology
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Folsom, Bradley. "Spanish La Junta de los Rios: The institutional Hispanicization of an Indian community along New Spain's northern frontier, 1535-1821." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2008. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc9103/.
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Throughout the colonial period, the Spanish attempted to Hispanicize the Indians along the northern frontier of New Spain. The conquistador, the missionary, the civilian settler, and the presidial soldier all took part in this effort. At La Junta de los Rios, a fertile area inhabited by both sedentary and semi-sedentary Indians, each of these institutions played a part in fundamentally changing the region and its occupants. This research, relying primarily on published Spanish source documents, sets the effort to Hispanicize La Junta in the broader sphere of Spain's frontier policy.
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Moore, Clive. "Kanaka a history of Melanesian Mackay /." Port Moresby : Institute of Papua New Guinea Studies and University of Papua New Guinea Press, 1985. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/17857721.html.
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Hoogervorst, Tom Gunnar. "Southeast Asia in the ancient Indian Ocean world : combining historical linguistic and archaeological approaches." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2012. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:b8b47816-7184-42ab-958e-026bc3431ea3.
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This thesis casts a new light on the role of Southeast Asia in the ancient Indian Ocean World. It brings together data and approaches from archaeology and historical linguistics to examine cultural and language contact between Southeast Asia and South Asia, East Africa and the Middle East. The interdisciplinary approach employed in this study reveals that insular Southeast Asian seafarers, traders and settlers had impacted on these parts of the world in pre-modern times through the transmission of numerous biological and cultural items. It is further demonstrated that the words used for these commodities often contain clues about the precise ethno-linguistic communities involved in their transoceanic dispersal. The Methodology chapter introduces some common linguistic strategies to examine language contact and lexical borrowing, to determine the directionality of loanwords and to circumvent the main caveats of such an approach. The study then proceeds to delve deeper into the socio-cultural background of interethnic contact in the Bay of Bengal and the Indian Ocean as a whole, focusing on the oft-neglected Southeast Asian contributions to the cultural landscape of this region and addressing the nature of pre-modern contact between Southeast Asia and the different parts of the Indian Ocean Word. Following from that, the last three chapters look in-depth at the dispersal of respectively Southeast Asian plants, spices and maritime technology into the wider Indian Ocean World. Although concepts and their names do not always neatly travel together across ethno-linguistic boundaries, these chapters demonstrate how a closer examination of lexical data offers supportive evidence and new perspectives on events of cultural contact not otherwise documented. Cumulatively, this study underlines that the analysis of lexical data is a strong tool to examine interethnic contact, particularly in pre-literate societies. Throughout the Indian Ocean World, Southeast Asian products and concepts were mainly dispersed by Malay-speaking communities, although others played a role as well.