Relevant bibliographies by topics / Contact filtration

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  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Contact filtration'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 7 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Contact filtration"

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Clark, Sarah C., Desmond F. Lawler, and Robert S. Cushing. "Contact Filtration: Particle Size and Ripening." Journal - American Water Works Association 84, no. 12 (December 1992): 61–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1551-8833.1992.tb05903.x.

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Terao, Hiroaki. "The Hodge filtration and the contact-order filtration of derivations of Coxeter arrangements." manuscripta mathematica 118, no. 1 (August 10, 2005): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00229-004-0536-z.

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Monakhov, V. N. "Contact problems of filtration theory in curvilinear domains." Doklady Physics 50, no. 9 (September 2005): 478–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/1.2074119.

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Tobiason, John E., Gordon S. Johnson, Paul K. Westerhoff, and Balasubramaniam Vigneswaran. "Particle Size and Chemical Effects on Contact Filtration Performance." Journal of Environmental Engineering 119, no. 3 (May 1993): 520–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9372(1993)119:3(520).

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Voigt, Claudia, Beate Fankhänel, Björn Dietrich, Enrico Storti, Mark Badowski, Margarita Gorshunova, Gotthard Wolf, Michael Stelter, and Christos G. Aneziris. "Influence of Ceramic Foam Filters with Al2O3 Nanocoating on the Aluminum Filtration Behavior Tested With and Without Grain Refiner." Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B 51, no. 5 (July 6, 2020): 2371–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11663-020-01900-1.

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Abstract In industrial applications, filter materials are often chosen according to cost as well as their processing and thermomechanical properties, but rarely in terms of their behavior during filtration, which is largely due to there being insufficient information available on the influence of filter materials and surface quality on filtration behavior. In this study, the manufacture of functionalized Al2O3 nanofilters was investigated, along with their filtration performance in short- and long-term filtration trials. In addition, sessile drop tests were performed to measure the contact angle of the nanofunctionalized materials, and yielded an approximately 10 deg (11 pct) higher contact angle for nanocoated materials sintered at 800 °C and 1250 °C than for those sintered at 1600 °C and an approximately 23 deg (23 pct) higher contact angle compared to surfaces without a nanocoating. The filtration mechanism was assessed by means of Porous Disk Filtration Analysis (PoDFA) and Liquid Metal Cleanliness Analyzer (LiMCA) monitoring systems, as well as by analysis of the used and infiltrated filters using Scanning Electron Microscopy and Energy Dispersive X-ray analysis (SEM/EDX) technology. Both short-term and long-term filtration trials showed that the filtration behaviors of the reference and nanocoated filters were comparable. It was therefore determined that nanocoating of such filters with Al2O3 does not provide any improvement with regard to filtration performance.
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Eun, Jakyung, Hansol Lee, and Sangmin Jeon. "Regeneration of an electret filter by contact electrification." RSC Advances 11, no. 8 (2021): 4610–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0ra09769a.

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Voigt, Claudia, Jana Hubálková, Tilo Zienert, Beate Fankhänel, Michael Stelter, Alexandros Charitos, and Christos G. Aneziris. "Aluminum Melt Filtration with Carbon Bonded Alumina Filters." Materials 13, no. 18 (September 7, 2020): 3962. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13183962.

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The wetting behavior was measured for Al2O3-C in contact with AlSi7Mg with a conventional sessile drop test (vacuum, 950 °C and 180 min) and a sessile drop test with a capillary purification unit (vacuum, 730 °C and 30 min). The conventional test yielded contact angles of around 92°, whereas the sessile drop measurement with capillary purification showed a strongly non-wetting behavior with a determined apparent contact angle of the rolling drop of 157°. Filtration tests, which were repeated twice, showed that the Al2O3-C filter possessed a better filtration behavior than the Al2O3 reference filter. For both filtration trials, the PoDFA (porous disc filtration analysis) index of the Al2O3-C filter sample was equal to half of the PoDFA index of the Al2O3 reference filter sample, indicating a significantly improved filtration performance when using Al2O3-C filter. Notable is the observation of a newly formed layer between the aluminum and the Al2O3-C coating. The layer possessed a thickness between 10 µm up to 50 µm and consisted of Al, C, and O, however, with different ratios than the original Al2O3-C coating. Thermodynamic calculations based on parameters of the wetting and filtration trials underline the possible formation of an Al4O4C-layer.
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Tanaka, Kazuhiro, Masanobu Aoki, Shousaku Takahashi, Shuichi Chida, Tsutomu Yasuda, Kazuo Takagi, Hiromichi Yumoto, and Kazumasa Kasakura. "Study on Development of Phosphorus Removal Process by Contact Filtration." Water Science and Technology 23, no. 4-6 (February 1, 1991): 739–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1991.0524.

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A new phosphorus removal process, that permits smaller sludge production, low operating costs, and stable phosphorus removal has been operated on an experimental basis at a pilot plant. In this process, secondary effluent containing dissolved oxygen is dosed with ferrous salt solution and then contacts with filter media, so that Fe(II) oxidizes and sticks to the filter media surface and phosphorus is removed simultaneously. Study of the experiment results verified the following points. (1) When the influent phosphorus concentration is 3.5 mg/ℓ, the Fe/P mole ratio is 2, and space velocity is 6 per hour, the effluent phosphorus concentration can be reduced to the level of 0.1 to 0.3 mg/ℓ and the removal efficiency can be upgraded to 90% or more. (2) Phosphorus removal progresses rapidly so that phosphorus can be removed to the same extent as that in effluent at the 0 to 60 cm positions (at filtration rate of 200 m/D) in the upper part of the filter media. (3) It is presumed that the substance formed on the filter media surface works as a catalyst for ferrous and phosphorus removal. Therefore, influent pH level must be approximately 6.5 for constant treatment efficiency. (4) 40 to 50% of removed phosphorus adheres to the filter media.
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Haberer, Klaus, and Sabine Normann-Schmidt. "The Haberer Process: Combining Contact Flocculation, Filtration, and PAC Adsorption." Journal - American Water Works Association 83, no. 9 (September 1991): 82–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1551-8833.1991.tb07217.x.

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WU, C., Y. HONG, Y. YAN, and B. CHANG. "Soil-nonwoven geotextile filtration behavior under contact with drainage materials." Geotextiles and Geomembranes 24, no. 1 (February 2006): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geotexmem.2005.09.001.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Contact filtration"

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Al-Khalili, Reya Sadik. "Contact flocculation filtration using natural coagulants for developing countries." Thesis, University of Leicester, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/30172.

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Contact flocculation filtration using natural cationic polyelectrolytes extracted from seeds of the tree M.oleifera were found to be effective in the treatment of low turbidity waters. The coagulant was dosed immediately prior to the filter inlet, with subsequent flocculation and deposition occurring in the filter bed. This single stage treatment option was considered appropriate for developing countries, due to observed treatment performance, robustness of operation and reduced treatment costs. This work extends and complements previously successful studies on the treatment of medium to high turbidity raw waters using M.oleifera seed. Laboratory studies using twin 100 mm diameter filter columns, were undertaken with the following variables: turbidities of 5-75 NTU; filtration rates of 5-20 m/h; filter depths of 70 and 120 cm; dual and single media beds, and media sizes of 0.50-1.00 mm and 0.85-1.70 mm. Deeper beds and smaller media were found to considerably reduce filtrate turbidity when using M.oleifera seed. The consequent headloss increase was only significant with the higher turbidity waters; dual media beds were most effective on such waters. Turbidity removal was reduced at higher filtration rates (10m/h), due to lower retention times in the bed, and increased detachment of retained particles causing early turbidity breakthrough. Higher filtration rates with another natural coagulant, chitosan, increased turbidity removal and prolonged the time to breakthrough, due to the reduction in surface removal in the filter. At lower loading rates (5 NTU at 5 m/h), removal with M.oleifera seed was comparable with chitosan and aluminium sulphate, with the additional advantage of a lower headloss. Optimisation of the hydraulic variables for a specific coagulant was considered necessary to ensure maximum output and filtrate quality. Field trials on a low turbidity natural raw water indicated that M.oleifera reduced the turbidity by >95% and bacterial numbers by 100% at the optimum dose. Despite the rise in organic matter in the final water, trihalomethane levels were not excessive.
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Jiang, Shaojie. "Étude de l'élimination de l'acide fulvique par coagulation-floculation ou filtration contact." Compiègne, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997COMP1072.

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L'élimination de l'acide fulvique (AF) est étudiée par des méthodes physico-chimiques avec des eaux synthétiques contenant de l'AFcommercial (10 mg/l en général). La coagulation-floculation de l'AF par le sulfate d'aluminium (alun), le chlorure ferrique ou le polychlorosulfate d'aluminium (WAC HB) et l'influence de la bentonite et du calcium sont étudiées en Jar-Test. Le WAC HB est efficace dans une large gamme de pH surtout pour pH>7 mais l'alun n'est efficace qu'a pH 6-7 ; le fer reste le coagulant le plus efficace à pH<6. Les matières en suspension peuvent améliorer l'élimination de l'AF. La présence de calcium diminue la dose de réactif nécessaire pour la déstabilisation de l'AF. La complexation entre l'AF et les espèces solubles de l'hydrolyse de réactif et l'adsorption-neutralisation de ces complexes sur le précipite d'hydroxyde sont les mécanismes principaux quand l'AF est coagulé par l'alun ou le fer. L'influence du pH et de la dose d'alun sur l'élimination de l'AF par filtration contact est étudiée avec deux filtres à sable. Les résultats montrent que le pH optimal dépend de la dose de réactif. Le recours à la méthode de filtration sur membrane après Jar-Test afin de choisir la dose et le pH optimaux pour la filtration contact conduirait à des erreurs importantes, alors que ce choix peut être fait par observation des micro-flocs formés en Jar-Test. L'ensemble des considérations (efficacité, Al soluble, etc. ) suggère 5,5-6 comme zone optimale de pH. Deux filtres à sable à flux ascendant ou descendant et un filtre anthracite-sable sont comparés. Le dernier avec de gros grains d'anthracite (d=2,0-2,5 mm) présente les meilleurs résultats en utilisant l'alun comme coagulant et le polyacrylamide comme adjuvant (0,2 mg/l). L'analyse sur des résultats expérimentaux par simulation indique que le dépôt volumineux et sa faible résistance au cisaillement sont les causes principales conduisant à des difficultés pour l'élimination de l'AF par filtration contact.
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Pujol, Roger. "Maîtrise du foisonnement des boues activées : - biosorption et zones de contact, - approche méthodologique." Lyon, INSA, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987ISAL0026.

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Le foisonnement des boues activées, conséquence du développement excessif de micro-organismes filamenteux constitue un problème majeur qui limite les performances des stations d'épuration. Parmi les conditions favorisant la croissance filamenteuse, les carences nutritionnelles du micro-environnement bactérien apparaissent déterminantes ; de p1us elles sont responsables des problèmes les plus fréquents. Pour corriger cet état de carence, la recharge artificielle du floc en nourriture est à la base d'une nouvelle technique désignée sous le vocable de zone de contact. Les expérimentations entreprises sur 3 sites réels révèlent l'efficacité et la fiabilité de cette technique qui reste sur le plan économique, compétitive par rapport à d'autres solutions. L'étude approfondie des conditions nutritionnelles des micro-organismes à partir des mesures de biosorption montre que ce paramètre est en relation avec la qualité de la boue (indice de boue). De plus, cette étude fournit de nouveaux. Éléments d'appréciation sur les modes d'action intervenant dans une zone de contact ainsi que sur les critères de dimensionnement à retenir. Les travaux réalisés dans le cadre de cette thèse conduisent à proposer une démarche pragmatique aux gestionnaires de stations d'épuration pour les aider à faire face aux difficultés liées au foisonnement des boues.
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Heuzeroth, Fabian. "Modelluntersuchungen zu Filtrationsmechanismen in keramischen Schaumfiltern." Doctoral thesis, Technische Universitaet Bergakademie Freiberg Universitaetsbibliothek "Georgius Agricola", 2017. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:105-qucosa-220000.

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Die eingereichte Arbeit ist ein Beitrag, um das Verständnis der Filtration von metallischen Schmelzen für hochwertige Gussprodukte zu erhöhen. Anhand theoretischer und experimenteller Betrachtungen wird besonders die Benetzung zwischen der kontinuierlichen und der dispersen Phase als Einflussfaktor auf Tiefenfiltrationsprozesse untersucht. Rasterkraftmikroskopische Messungen verdeutlichen die Bedeutung der Benetzung auf die Adhäsionsenergie zwischen zwei Feststoffoberflächen. Durch ein entwickeltes Modellsystem konnte bewiesen werden, dass mit steigendem Kontaktwinkel zwischen disperser und kontinuierlicher Phase die Filtrationseffizienz signifikant ansteigt. Aufgrund der wirkenden Haftmechanismen im getesteten Benetzungssystem können sich dendritische Abscheidestrukturen ausbilden, die zur Redispergierung neigen. Ergänzt um eine numerische Simulation am Einzelkollektor, konnte ein Abscheidemodell entwickelt werden. Dieses berücksichtigt erstmals reale Haftenergieverteilungen, simulierte Aufprallenergieverteilungen und die hydrodynamische Hemmung als relevante Parameter für die Tiefenfiltration.
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Huang, Kaiwu. "Surface Forces in Thin Liquid Films." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/104111.

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Thin liquid films (TLFs) of water are ubiquitous in daily lives as well as in many industrial processes. They can be formed between two identical phases, as in colloid films between two macroscopic surfaces and foam films between two air bubbles; and between two dissimilar phases, as in wetting films. Stability of the colloids, foams, and wetting films is determined by the surface forces in the TLFs. Depending on the nature of the surfaces involved, the stabilities can be predicted using combinations of three different forces, i.e., the van der Waals, electrical double layer (EDL), and hydrophobic forces. The objective of the present work is to study the roles of these forces in determining the stabilities of the TLFs of water confined between i) an air bubble and a hydrophobic surface and ii) an oil drop and a hydrophobic surface, with particular interest in studying the role of the hydrophobic force. The first part of the study involves the measurement of the surface forces in the TLFs confined between bitumen drops and mineral surfaces. Deformation of bitumen drops has been monitored by interferometry while it approaches a flat surface. By analyzing the spatiotemporal film profiles, both the capillary and hydrodynamic forces have been calculated using the Young-Laplace equation and the Reynolds lubrication approximation, respectively, with the surface forces being determined by subtracting the latter from the former. The results are useful for better understanding the effects of electrolyte and pH on bitumen liberation and recovery by flotation and for developing a filtration model from first principles. The second part of the study involves the surface force measurement in wetting (flotation) films. Surface forces in the TLFs of water on silica surfaces have been measured using the force apparatus for deformable surfaces (FADS) using an air bubble as a force sensor. The measurements have been conducted in the presence of various cationic surfactants such as dodecylamine hydrochloride (DAH), and alkyltrimethylammonium chloride (CnTACl), electrolytes, and polymers. The results show that film stability and hence the kinetics of film thinning can be greatly improved by the control of bubble ζ-potentials, whose role in flotation has long been neglected in flotation studies. Force measurements have also been conducted in the TLFs of water confined between oil drops and hydrophobic surfaces. Stability of this type of film plays an important role in a process of using oil drops rather than air bubbles to collect hydrophobic particles from aqueous phase. The force measurements conducted in the present work show that hydrophobic forces are much stronger in water films formed between oil drops and hydrophobic surfaces than in water films formed between air bubbles and hydrophobic surfaces, which can be attributed to the differences in the Hamaker constants involved.
Doctor of Philosophy
When two macroscopic surfaces in water are brought to a close proximity, a thin liquid film (TLF) is formed in between, with its stability being determined by the surface forces present in the film. TLFs are ubiquitous in daily lives and play a decisive role in many industrial processes such as mineral flotation, food processing, oil extraction, heat transfer, etc. In the present work, the surface forces present in wetting films have been measured by approaching an air bubble (or an oil drop) slowly toward a flat surface while monitoring the curvature changes during film thinning by interferometry and calculating the capillary forces using the Young-Laplace equations. By analyzing the results in view of the Frumkin-Derjaguin isotherm and the extended DLVO theory, it was possible to determine the changes in the van der Waals, electrical double-layer (EDL), and hydrophobic forces during film thinning. The results show that both the EDL and the long-range component of the hydrophobic force control the kinetics of film thinning and rupture while the contact angle formation is controlled by the van der Waals force and the short-range hydrophobic force. It has been found also that n-alkane drops form substantially larger contact angles than air bubbles on a hydrophobic surface due to the fact that the van der Waals force is attractive in the drop-surface interactions while the same is repulsive in the bubble-surface interactions. These observations have a profound implication in flotation, that is, oil drops can recover hydrophobic particles from an aqueous phase better than air bubbles.
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Ševčíková, Ilona. "Sledování účinnosti vybraných filtračních materiálů na odstraňování železa a manganu z vody." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-240319.

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This thesis describes possibilities removal of iron and manganese from the water. The first part of the thesis describes the sources and forms of iron and manganese in water, the health limits and possibilities removal of iron and manganese from the water. Contact filtration and materials used for contact removing of iron and manganese are described in more detail. The second part describes using materials Birm, Greensand and Semidol in practise. There i also described the experimental removing of iron and manganese by these three materials.
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Schmid, Moura Miguel. "Impact of Filtration on Energy Contract Valuation." St. Gallen, 2008. http://www.biblio.unisg.ch/org/biblio/edoc.nsf/wwwDisplayIdentifier/05609615001/$FILE/05609615001.pdf.

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Råvik, Mattias. "Influence of Escherichia coli feedstock properties on the performance of primary protein purification." Licentiate thesis, KTH, Bioprocessteknik, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-3941.

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Abstract The aim of the present study was to increase the understanding of how the cell surface properties affect the performance of unit operations used in primary protein purification. In particular, the purpose was to develop, set up and apply methods for studies of cell surface properties and cell interactions. A method for microbial cell surface fingerprinting using surface plasmon resonance (SPR) is suggested. Four different Escherichia coli strains were used as model cells. Cell surface fingerprints were generated by registration of the interaction between the cells and four different surfaces, with different physical and chemical properties, when a cell suspension was flown over the surface. Significant differences in fingerprint pattern between some of the strains were observed. The physical properties of the cell surfaces were determined using microelectrophoresis, contact angle measurements and aqueous two-phase partitioning and were compared with the SPR fingerprints. The generated cell surface fingerprints and the physical property data were evaluated with multivariate data analysis that showed that the cells were separated into individual groups in a similar way using principal component analysis plots (PCA). Studies of the behaviour of the model cells on stirred cell filtration and in an interaction test with different expanded bed adsorption (EBA) adsorbents were performed. It could be concluded that especially one of the strains behaved differently. Differences in the properties of the model cells were indicated by microelectrophoresis and aqueous two-phase partitioning which to some extent correlated with observed differences in behaviour during filtration and in an interaction test with EBA adsorbents. The impact of high-pressure homogenisation of E. coli cell extract was examined, with a lab scale and a pilot scale technique. The DNA-fragmentation, visualised with agarose gel electrophoresis, and the resulting change in viscosity was analysed. A short homogenisation time resulted in increased viscosity of the process solution that correlated with increased concentration of released non-fragmented DNA. With longer homogenisation time the viscosity decreased with increasing degree of DNA-fragmentation. The results show that strain dependant cell surface properties of E. coli may have an impact on several primary steps in downstream processing.
QC 20101129
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Råvik, Mattias. "Infuence of Escherichia coli feedstock properties on the performance of primary protein purification." Licentiate thesis, KTH, School of Biotechnology (BIO), 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-3941.

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Abstract

The aim of the present study was to increase the understanding of how the cell surface properties affect the performance of unit operations used in primary protein purification. In particular, the purpose was to develop, set up and apply methods for studies of cell surface properties and cell interactions.

A method for microbial cell surface fingerprinting using surface plasmon resonance (SPR) is suggested. Four different Escherichia coli strains were used as model cells. Cell surface fingerprints were generated by registration of the interaction between the cells and four different surfaces, with different physical and chemical properties, when a cell suspension was flown over the surface. Significant differences in fingerprint pattern between some of the strains were observed. The physical properties of the cell surfaces were determined using microelectrophoresis, contact angle measurements and aqueous two-phase partitioning and were compared with the SPR fingerprints. The generated cell surface fingerprints and the physical property data were evaluated with multivariate data analysis that showed that the cells were separated into individual groups in a similar way using principal component analysis plots (PCA).

Studies of the behaviour of the model cells on stirred cell filtration and in an interaction test with different expanded bed adsorption (EBA) adsorbents were performed. It could be concluded that especially one of the strains behaved differently. Differences in the properties of the model cells were indicated by microelectrophoresis and aqueous two-phase partitioning which to some extent correlated with observed differences in behaviour during filtration and in an interaction test with EBA adsorbents.

The impact of high-pressure homogenisation of E. coli cell extract was examined, with a lab scale and a pilot scale technique. The DNA-fragmentation, visualised with agarose gel electrophoresis, and the resulting change in viscosity was analysed. A short homogenisation time resulted in increased viscosity of the process solution that correlated with increased concentration of released non-fragmented DNA. With longer homogenisation time the viscosity decreased with increasing degree of DNA-fragmentation.

The results show that strain dependant cell surface properties of E. coli may have an impact on several primary steps in downstream processing.

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Gachon, Anne-Marie Françoise. "Liquide lacrymal : etude biochimique des proteines, interaction proteines-biomateriaux." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987CLF2E387.

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Books on the topic "Contact filtration"

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Matasci, Raymond N. Trickling filter/solids contact process: Full-scale studies. Cincinnati, OH: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research and Development, Water Engineering Research Laboratory, 1986.

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D, Letterman Raymond, Fitch David E, and AWWA Research Foundation, eds. Residual aluminum in filtered water. [Denver, Colo.?]: American Water Works Association, 1987.

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Bunch, Chris. Splenomegaly and other disorders of the spleen. Edited by Patrick Davey and David Sprigings. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199568741.003.0035.

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The spleen is a predominantly lymphoid organ, normally about the size of a clenched fist located beneath the diaphragm in the left upper abdomen. It has a dual role as a filter for the circulation, and a primary lymphoid organ in its own right. About three-quarters of its volume is a matrix of capillaries and sinuses (the red pulp), through which blood is able to percolate slowly and come into contact with fixed macrophages, which are able to remove senescent or damaged red cells, or other particulate matter such as bacteria. The lymphoid tissue is organized into scattered follicles (the white pulp), which have a particularly important role in initiating primary humoral immune responses and antibody (IgM) synthesis. The spleen commonly enlarges when either its filtration function is increased—as in haemolysis—or it is stimulated by infection or inflammation. It may also be involved in myeloproliferative and lymphoproliferative neoplasias. This chapter covers hypersplenism, splenectomy, hyposplenism, overwhelming post-splenectomy infection (OPSI), and other infections in hyposplenic patients.
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Leçons d'Afrique: Filtrations, ruptures et reconstitution de langues : un hommage à Gabriel Manessy. Louvain: Peeters, 2001.

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United States. Environmental Protection Agency. Office of Ground Water and Drinking Water. Targeting and Analysis Branch and International Consultants Inc, eds. Small system compliance technology list for the arsenic rule. Washington, D.C: Targeting and Analysis Branch, Standards and Risk Management Division, Office of Ground Water and Drinking Water, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1999.

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Goel, Rishi M., Kamal V. Patel, and Terry Wong. Gastroenterology and renal medicine. Edited by David J. Goldsmith. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199592548.003.0130_update_001.

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Gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms are a major feature of very low glomerular filtration rate and may be the presenting feature in some patients presenting late with renal failure. GI haemorrhage is increased in frequency inpatient with renal failure, even more so in those given therapeutic anticoagulation. There are some differences in likely causes. Oral bowel cleansing preparations that contain phosphate are dangerous in patients with CKD as they may cause phosphate crystallization in the kidneys: the resulting AKI may have limited reversibility. Patients with end stage renal disease have an increased incidence of bowel and other malignancies, best studied after transplantation. Those on peritoneal dialysis present particular issues for colonoscopy.
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Hall, Andrew, and Shamima Rahman. Mitochondrial diseases and the kidney. Edited by Neil Turner. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199592548.003.0340.

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Mitochondrial disease can affect any organ in the body including the kidney. As increasing numbers of patients with mitochondrial disease are either surviving beyond childhood or being diagnosed in adulthood, it is important for all nephrologists to have some understanding of the common renal complications that can occur in these individuals. Mitochondrial proteins are encoded by either mitochondrial or nuclear DNA (mtDNA and nDNA, respectively); therefore, disease causing mutations may be inherited maternally (mtDNA) or autosomally (nDNA), or can arise spontaneously. The commonest renal phenotype in mitochondrial disease is proximal tubulopathy (Fanconi syndrome in the severest cases); however, as all regions of the nephron can be affected, from the glomerulus to the collecting duct, patients may also present with proteinuria, decreased glomerular filtration rate, nephrotic syndrome, water and electrolyte disorders, and renal tubular acidosis. Understanding of the relationship between underlying genotype and clinical phenotype remains incomplete in mitochondrial disease. Proximal tubulopathy typically occurs in children with severe multisystem disease due to mtDNA deletion or mutations in nDNA affecting mitochondrial function. In contrast, glomerular disease (focal segmental glomerulosclerosis) has been reported more commonly in adults, mainly in association with the m.3243A<G point mutation. Co-enzyme Q10 (CoQ10) deficiency has been particularly associated with podocyte dysfunction and nephrotic syndrome in children. Underlying mitochondrial disease should be considered as a potential cause of unexplained renal dysfunction; clinical clues include lack of response to conventional therapy, abnormal mitochondrial morphology on kidney biopsy, involvement of other organs (e.g. diabetes, cardiomyopathy, and deafness) and a maternal family history, although none of these features are specific. The diagnostic approach involves acquiring tissue (typically skeletal muscle) for histological analysis, mtDNA screening and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) complex function tests. A number of nDNA mutations causing mitochondrial disease have now been identified and can also be screened for if clinically indicated. Management of mitochondrial disease requires a multidisciplinary approach, and treatment is largely supportive as there are currently very few evidence-based interventions. Electrolyte deficiencies should be corrected in patients with urinary wasting due to tubulopathy, and CoQ10 supplementation may be of benefit in individuals with CoQ10 deficiency. Nephrotic syndrome in mitochondrial disease is not typically responsive to steroid therapy. Transplantation has been performed in patients with end-stage kidney disease; however, immunosuppressive agents such as steroids and tacrolimus should be used with care given the high incidence of diabetes in mitochondrial disease.
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Book chapters on the topic "Contact filtration"

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Adin, Avner, and Samir Hatukai. "Combined Design, Operation and Economic Optimization of Contact Filtration." In Chemical Water and Wastewater Treatment III, 173–87. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-79110-9_13.

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Rebhun, Menahem. "Floc Formation and Breakup in Continuous Flow Flocculation and in Contact Filtration." In Chemical Water and Wastewater Treatment, 117–26. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-76093-8_9.

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Gdoura, Morsi, Hanen Sellami, and Radhouane Gdoura. "Filtration and Viability Rate Study of Alexandrium catenella After Contact with Clams Ruditapes decussates." In Recent Advances in Environmental Science from the Euro-Mediterranean and Surrounding Regions, 319–20. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-70548-4_101.

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Folkard, Geoff K., R. Al-Khalili, and J. P. Sutherland. "Contact Flocculation Filtration Using a Natural Polyelectrolyte for the Treatment of Low Turbidity Surface Water in Developing Countries." In Chemical Water and Wastewater Treatment IV, 213–23. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-61196-4_18.

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Almén, T., B. Frennby, and G. Sterner. "Determination of Glomerular Filtration Rate with Contrast Media." In Trends in Contrast Media, 81–94. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-59814-2_8.

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Trull, Anna K., Benjamin Berkels, and Jan Modersitzki. "Glomerular Filtration Rate Estimation from Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced MRI." In Informatik aktuell, 30–35. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-54111-7_11.

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Pedersen, Michael, Pietro Irrera, Walter Dastrù, Frank G. Zöllner, Kevin M. Bennett, Scott C. Beeman, G. Larry Bretthorst, Joel R. Garbow, and Dario Livio Longo. "Dynamic Contrast Enhancement (DCE) MRI–Derived Renal Perfusion and Filtration: Basic Concepts." In Methods in Molecular Biology, 205–27. New York, NY: Springer US, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-0978-1_12.

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AbstractDynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) MRI monitors the transit of contrast agents, typically gadolinium chelates, through the intrarenal regions, the renal cortex, the medulla, and the collecting system. In this way, DCE-MRI reveals the renal uptake and excretion of the contrast agent. An optimal DCE-MRI acquisition protocol involves finding a good compromise between whole-kidney coverage (i.e., 3D imaging), spatial and temporal resolution, and contrast resolution. By analyzing the enhancement of the renal tissues as a function of time, one can determine indirect measures of clinically important single-kidney parameters as the renal blood flow, glomerular filtration rate, and intrarenal blood volumes. Gadolinium-containing contrast agents may be nephrotoxic in patients suffering from severe renal dysfunction, but otherwise DCE-MRI is clearly useful for diagnosis of renal functions and for assessing treatment response and posttransplant rejection.Here we introduce the concept of renal DCE-MRI, describe the existing methods, and provide an overview of preclinical DCE-MRI applications to illustrate the utility of this technique to measure renal perfusion and glomerular filtration rate in animal models.This publication is based upon work from the COST Action PARENCHIMA, a community-driven network funded by the European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST) program of the European Union, which aims to improve the reproducibility and standardization of renal MRI biomarkers. This introduction is complemented by two separate publications describing the experimental procedure and data analysis.
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Zöllner, Frank G., Walter Dastrù, Pietro Irrera, Dario Livio Longo, Kevin M. Bennett, Scott C. Beeman, G. Larry Bretthorst, and Joel R. Garbow. "Analysis Protocol for Dynamic Contrast Enhanced (DCE) MRI of Renal Perfusion and Filtration." In Methods in Molecular Biology, 637–53. New York, NY: Springer US, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-0978-1_38.

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AbstractHere we present an analysis protocol for dynamic contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) data of the kidneys. It covers comprehensive steps to facilitate signal to contrast agent concentration mapping via T1 mapping and the calculation of renal perfusion and filtration parametric maps using model-free approaches, model free analysis using deconvolution, the Toft’s model and a Bayesian approach.This chapter is based upon work from the COST Action PARENCHIMA, a community-driven network funded by the European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST) program of the European Union, which aims to improve the reproducibility and standardization of renal MRI biomarkers. This analysis protocol chapter is complemented by two separate chapters describing the basic concept and experimental procedure.
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Irrera, Pietro, Lorena Consolino, Walter Dastrù, Michael Pedersen, Frank G. Zöllner, and Dario Livio Longo. "Dynamic Contrast Enhanced (DCE) MRI-Derived Renal Perfusion and Filtration: Experimental Protocol." In Methods in Molecular Biology, 429–41. New York, NY: Springer US, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-0978-1_25.

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AbstractDynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) can provide a noninvasive way for assessing renal functional information following the administration of a small molecular weight gadolinium-based contrast agent. This method may be useful for investigating renal perfusion and glomerular filtration rates of rodents in vivo under various experimental (patho)physiological conditions. Here we describe a step-by-step protocol for DCE-MRI studies in small animals providing practical notes on acquisition parameters, sequences, T1 mapping approaches and procedures.This chapters is based upon work from the COST Action PARENCHIMA, a community-driven network funded by the European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST) program of the European Union, which aims to improve the reproducibility and standardization of renal MRI biomarkers. This experimental protocol chapter is complemented by two separate chapters describing the basic concept and data analysis.
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Doyle, I. R., R. L. Ryall, and V. R. Marshall. "The Effect of Low-Speed Centrifugation and Millipore Filtration on the Urinary Protein Content." In Urolithiasis, 593–94. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-0873-5_183.

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Conference papers on the topic "Contact filtration"

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Li, Zhen-hua, and Kai Yang. "A Pilot Plant Study Using a Contact Oxidation Filtration Separation Integrated Bioreactor to Treat Municipal Wastewater." In 2010 4th International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedical Engineering (iCBBE 2010). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icbbe.2010.5514959.

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Chen, W. Wayne, Yuchuan Liu, Wei Chen, Jiao Cao, Cedric Xia, Raj Talwar, Rick Lederich, and Q. Jane Wang. "Elasto-Plastic Contact Behaviors of Nominally Flat Surfaces: Modeling and Parametric Study." In ASME/STLE 2007 International Joint Tribology Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ijtc2007-44115.

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Interactions of nominally flat surfaces can be modeled based on the periodic similarity of surface topography and a numerical three-dimensional elasto-plastic contact model with the assistance of the continuous convolution and Fourier transform (CC-FT) algorithm. The rough surfaces were generated by a digital filtration technology with a wide range of topographical parameters. A group of contact simulations were conducted to investigate the effects of surface geometrical characteristics (including RMS roughness, correlation length ratio, skewness and kurtosis), material properties, and load on the elasto-plastic contact performance of materials.
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Kuznetsov, Ivan A., Warren Jasper, Srinivasan Rasipuram, Andrey V. Kuznetsov, Alan Brown, and Alexei V. Saveliev. "Development of Plasma Textile for Nanoparticle Filtration and Bacterial Deactivation." In ASME 2012 10th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels collocated with the ASME 2012 Heat Transfer Summer Conference and the ASME 2012 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icnmm2012-73019.

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A novel woven textile material capable of generating stable low temperature plasma was created. This resulted in enhancing the capture efficiency of nanoparticles when the material was used as a filter as well as exhibiting anti-bacterial properties. The primary supposition of the study is that a micro-plasma array can be embedded into a textile fabric to induce a plasma sheath that filters and deactivates bacterial pathogens coming into contact with the fabric. The work proceeded through a series of steps: (1) determining the optimal type of plasma discharge; (2) finding the ideal wire electrode material, radii and placement to achieve stable uniform generation of non-thermal plasmas; (3) modeling the electric field surrounding the electrodes to evaluate the impact of an insulating textile on the electrode system; (4) testing various polymers and developing a plasma textile based on electrode geometries found in experimentation; (5) measuring the filtration efficiencies of the plasmas using a differential mobility and a condensation particle counter; and (6) testing the textile fabric’s ability to deactivate bacteria. The work confirmed the existence of sustainable, uniform plasma on the surface of the developed fabric capable of capturing over 98% of bacteria-sized particles and deactivating tested bacteria.
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Farooq, Khalid, and Meghdoot S. Arwindekar. "Filtration of Gas Turbine Lube Fluid Using Anti-Static Filters." In ASME 2012 Gas Turbine India Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gtindia2012-9685.

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Requirement for higher turbine performance and lower costs has resulted in smaller lubrication and control fluid systems operating at higher cleanliness levels, thus requiring higher fluid flux and finer filtration levels. Triboelectric Charge (TEC) generation by fine filters and its eventual discharge is considered to be a source of lubricating fluid breakdown and the resulting formation of resinous byproducts. These fluid breakdown byproducts form deposits or ‘varnish’ on the metallic surfaces causing servo-valve stiction along with other adverse consequences. TEC generation occurs in fluid systems as a result of friction between the fluid and mainly the filtration media fibers. The friction causes charge separation between the filtration medium and the fluid, with the fluid oppositely charged to the filtration medium. The magnitude of charge generated depends on many interrelated factors, including the nature of the filter material and the fluid, fluid velocity, viscosity, conductivity and the contact area. The electrostatic discharge manifests itself in several ways, the most easily noticeable way being an audible clicking noise as the discharge of the accumulated electrostatic charge causes sparking internally within the system. In addition to lubricant degradation and varnish formation, the electrical charge can travel downstream with the fluid causing damage to system components, including the filter. There have been reports of heat exchanger damage, located downstream of the filters, due to the electrostatic charging of the fluid. The use of metal support meshes or other methods to dissipate the electrostatic charge to prevent its build-up in the filter cartridge may prevent the discharge within the filter assembly and the resulting filter damage, but it does not prevent the charging of the fluid, and the migration of the charge downstream causing damage to the fluid and the downstream components. In 2005 Pall Corporation introduced filter cartridges that mitigate charge generation and dissipate the small charge generated at its inception, thus offering the advantage of eliminating filter damage entirely, and significantly reducing the migration of the charge into the fluid and its associated damage to the fluid and the resulting varnish formation. This paper discusses the experience with the electrostatic charge dissipating filtration for the gas turbine lubrication application.
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Gregori, Federico, Julia Kapran, and Emilie Dressaire. "Filtration of Floating Particles by Collectors: Influence of the System Geometry on the Efficiency." In ASME 2017 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2017-71611.

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Important industrial processes including oil extraction, mineral processing and wastewater treatment, rely on the separation of buoyant particles from a liquid phase. The capillary attraction between floating particles and fixed collectors can be leveraged to improve the efficiency of the separation process. The capture of an advected floating particle by a fixed cylindrical obstacle is due to direct interception and capillary attraction for sub-millimeter particles. The capillary attraction stems from the local deformation of the air/liquid interface. Previous work has established that floating particles placed on the surface of a still liquid bath, spontaneously move toward or away from one another depending on their surface properties. More recently, a numerical study has considered the competition between hydrodynamic and capillary interactions as floating particles are advected past a fixed cylinder. This seminal work revealed that capillary interactions can enhance the capture of particles at low flow velocity. Building on these results, we develop a numerical approach to study the interactions between advected particles and an array of obstacles. The results are obtained with the finite element modeling of the fluid flow in the channel, in presence of obstacles. Assuming that the particles do not alter the fluid flow, we solve the momentum conservation equation for each advected particle using the Basset Boussineq Oseen equation. If contact occurs, we assume that the particle is captured by the obstacle, thus neglecting inertial effects. We demonstrate that an array of obstacles can capture most of the particles traveling down the channel. First, we show that the efficiency of an array of obstacles, i.e. the fraction of particles captured depends on interfacial and hydrodynamic effects. For example, parameters such as the Reynolds number, capillary length, contact angle and collector size influence the trapping efficiency. Second we vary the geometry of the array and seek to minimize the amount of static material needed to get the maximum efficiency. These results provide guidelines for the design of efficient filters.
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Barloková, Danka, Ján Ilavský, and Karol Munka. "Removal of Antimony from Water Using GEH Sorption Material at Different Filter Bed Volumes." In Environmental Engineering. VGTU Technika, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/enviro.2017.069.

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The article presents the results of antimony removal from the water at Dúbrava water resource using GEH sorption material at three different amounts (volumes) of the filter bed. Based on the results of the experiment we calculated the linear dependences of the amount (volume) of the bed and the absorption capacity, the time of contact of water with the material, bed volume (V/V0 ratio), the duration of filtration and the adsorbed antimony volume in the filter bed. These values were deter-mined for antimony concentrations of 5 μg/L at the outlet from the filter columns, i.e. for limit concentrations of antimony in drinking water, with an average concentration of antimony in raw water being 90.3 μg/L and the average filtration rate being in the range from 5.3 to 5.4 m/h.
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Albrektienė, Ramunė, and Mindaugas Rimeika. "Efficiency of Removal of Iron, Manganese, Ammonium and Organic Matter from Groundwater." In Environmental Engineering. VGTU Technika, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/enviro.2017.067.

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The acceptable concentrations in groundwater are usually in excess of iron, ammonium and manganese. These compounds are inefficiently removed by means of ordinary technologies of ammonium ions, iron and manganese compounds removal from groundwater (water aeration and filtration through granular filter fillings) where groundwater contains high concentrations of organic compounds. Increased concentrations of organic compounds in groundwater occur in well fields where exploited aquifers have contact with surface water wells and are supplemented with water from open water bodies. Such well field is located in the town of Nida (Lithuania). The norms permitted by Council directive 98/83/EC on the quality of water intended for human consumption are exceeded by iron, ammonium, manganese and organic compounds in this well field. The present study examines the efficiency of drinking water treatment technology of three-stage filtration with aeration and insertion of coagulant (polyaluminum chloride) where ammonium ions, iron, manganese and organic compounds are removed from groundwater in an integral manner. Three fillings were used for filtration: quartz sand, zeolite and quartz sand with oxidizing bacteria. The drinking water treatment technology examined removes ammonium ions, iron, manganese and organic compounds from groundwater in an integral manner until the requirements of the norms of directive 98/83/EC are achieved.
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Schertzer, Michael J., Sergey I. Gubarenko, Ridha Ben-Mrad, and Pierre E. Sullivan. "Methods for Mechanical Filtration and Automated Droplet Monitoring in Electrowetting on Dielectric Devices." In ASME 2012 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2012-85343.

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Discrete flow microfluidic devices have been identified as a technology that can be used to efficiently deliver health care services by reducing the cycle times and reagent consumption of common biological protocols and medical diagnostic procedures while reducing overhead costs by performing these applications at the point of care. Electrowetting on dielectric is one promising discrete flow microfluidic platform that can individually create, manipulate, and mix droplets through the application of asymmetric electric fields. The work presented outlines fundamental and practical contributions to the understanding and advancement of electrowetting on dielectric devices that the authors are using to develop a device capable of performing immunoassays on chip. Explicit analytical models for capillary force and the reduction in that force by contact angle hysteresis as a function of the three-dimensional shape of the droplet were derived to develop an empirically validated analytical model for transient motion of droplets in electrowetting on dielectric devices. This model accurately predicts the maximum droplet displacement and travel time to within 2.3% and 2.7%, respectively; whereas the average droplet velocity was always predicted to within 8.1%. It also demonstrates a method for real time monitoring of droplet composition, particle concentration, and chemical reactions in electrowetting on dielectric devices without optical access. This method has been used to determine the concentration of water-methanol solutions, measure the concentration of glass microspheres at various concentrations, and detect the chemical reactions that are typically used in immunoassays. A method for the mechanical filtration of droplets in these devices will also be presented. The proposed filtration method was successful at pore sizes at least two orders of magnitude below the droplet height, which is small enough to separate red and white blood cells in continuous flow microfluidic devices.
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Khan, Rizwan Ahmed, Hafiz Mudaser Ahmad, Mobeen Murtaza, Abdulazeez Abdulraheem, Muhammad Shahzad Kamal, and Mohamed Mahmoud. "Impact of Multi-Branched Ionic Liquid on Shale Swelling and Hydration for High Temperature Drilling Applications." In SPE/IADC Middle East Drilling Technology Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/202143-ms.

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Abstract Shale swelling and hydration during the drilling operation have adverse effects on the stability of a wellbore. Hydrophilic interactions of shale results in swelling and disintegration of the shale formation. This paper discusses wettability changes and hydration characteristics of shale to improve the wellbore stability. The use of multibranched ionic liquid as drilling fluid for high temperature applications was investigated. The novel multibranched ionic liquid (Trihexyltetradecyl phosphonium bis (2,4,4-trimethyl pentyl) phosphinate, denoted as Tpb-P) water-based drilling fluid was prepared by mixing different concentrations of ionic liquid and other additives such as filtration controller, rheological modifier, and pH controller. The wettability of bentonite powder was determined using a contact angle in the presence of various concentrations of ionic liquids. Several other experimental techniques, such as linear swelling, hot rolling recovery, and bentonite swell index, were used to examine the inhibition performance of ionic liquid. The rheology and filtration properties of ionic liquid-based drilling fluid were also examined. Various concentrations of multibranched ionic liquid were used to formulate the drilling fluids ranging from (0.1 to 0.5 wt.%), and their performances were compared with the base drilling fluid prepared without ionic liquid. The hydrophobicity of the shale surface was determined by measuring the contact angle, and results showed that drilling fluid having 0.1 wt.% concentration of ionic liquid has a maximum contact angle indicating the highly hydrophobic shale surface. The hot rolling shale recovery experiment was conducted at 150°F, and it was observed that adding ionic liquid improved the shale recovery (24.4%) compared to the base fluid recovery (12.8%). The linear swelling was evaluated over the time of 24 hours, and the least swelling of bentonite was noticed with 0.1 wt.% ionic liquid (98.1%) compared to linear swelling in deionized water (125%). The results suggested that the ionic liquid in the drilling fluid chemically interacted with the clay surface and reduced the hydrophilicity of clay, which restricts the exchange of water onto the clay surface.
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Easter, Steven R., Christopher H. Baker, and Pamela M. Norris. "Temperature-Dependent Adsorption of Argon on Gold: A Molecular Dynamics Study." In ASME 2014 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2014-38629.

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When a gas and solid surface are brought into contact, some gas atoms may adsorb onto the surface, forming one or more denser layers. Adsorption has direct uses in many technologies, for instance filtration and pharmacology, and the prevalence of gas-solid interfaces means that it impacts many other technologies. However much is still unknown concerning the microscopic dynamics of adsorption. To investigate the effect of temperature on adsorption, molecular dynamics simulations were performed on an interface between solid gold and gaseous argon. The gas was placed in contact with the solid, allowing adsorption of gas atoms under a constant system temperature. The results of the simulations were analyzed to study the effect of temperature on the density of the adsorbed layer and its rate of formation. When brought into contact, the gas adsorbed to form one or more layers, the density of which was found to be strongly temperature-dependent. A monolayer was observed for temperatures above 150 K while below that value a secondary layer formed. Simulations above 450 K showed an exponential relationship between mean steady-state density and temperature of the form Deq = αeβT.
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