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Journal articles on the topic 'Contact element'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 30 May 2022

Last updated: 31 May 2022

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1

Bai, Run Bo, Fu Sheng Liu, and Zong Mei Xu. "Element Selection and Meshing in Finite Element Contact Analysis." Advanced Materials Research 152-153 (October 2010): 279–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.152-153.279.

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Contact problem, which exists widely in mechanical engineering, civil engineering, manufacturing engineering, etc., is an extremely complicated nonlinear problem. It is usually solved by the finite element method. Unlike with the traditional finite element method, it is necessary to set up contact elements for the contact analysis. In the different types of contact elements, the Goodman joint elements, which cover the surface of contacted bodies with zero thickness, are widely used. However, there are some debates on the characteristics of the attached elements of the Goodman joint elements. For that this paper studies the type, matching, and meshing of the attached elements. The results from this paper would be helpful for the finite element contact analysis.

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2

Chamoret, D., A. Rassineux, and J. M. Bergheau. "A new smooth contact element: 3D diffuse contact element." International Journal for Simulation and Multidisciplinary Design Optimization 2, no. 1 (January 2008): 25–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/smdo:2008003.

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3

Sivitski, Alina, and Priit Põdra. "Contact Stiffness Parameters for Finite Element Modeling of Contact." Key Engineering Materials 799 (April 2019): 211–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.799.211.

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Contact modeling could be widely used for different machine elements normal contact pressure calculations and wear simulations. However, classical contact models as for example Hertz contact models have many assumptions (contact bodies are elastic, the contact between bodies is ellipse-shaped, contact is frictionless and non-conforming). In conditions, when analytical calculations cannot be performed and experimental research is economically inexpedient, numerical methods have been applied for solving such engineering tasks. Contact stiffness parameters appear to be one of the most influential factors during finite element modeling of contact. Contact stiffness factors are usually selected according to finite element analysis software recommendations. More precise analysis of contact stiffness parameters is often required for finite element modeling of contact.

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4

Ilincic, S., G. Vorlaufer, P. A. Fotiu, A. Vernes, and F. Franek. "Combined finite element-boundary element method modelling of elastic multi-asperity contacts." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part J: Journal of Engineering Tribology 223, no. 5 (March 26, 2009): 767–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/13506501jet542.

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A novel formulation of elastic multi-asperity contacts based on the boundary element method (BEM) is presented for the first time, in which the influence coefficients are numerically calculated using a finite element method (FEM). The main advantage of computing the influence coefficients in this manner is that it makes it also possible to consider an arbitrary load direction and multilayer systems of different mechanical properties in each layer. Furthermore, any form of anisotropy can be modelled too, where Green's functions either become very complicated or are not available at all. The rest of the contact analysis is then performed applying a custom-developed boundary element algorithm. The scheme was tested by considering the frictionless contact between a flat surface and a sphere. The obtained results are in good agreement with the analytical solution known for a Hertzian contact. Applied to either a frictionless or a frictional contact between real surfaces of different samples, our FEM-BEM method has shown that the composite roughness of surfaces in contact uniquely determines the contact pressure distribution.

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5

Ju, S. H., and R. E. Rowlands. "A Three-Dimensional Frictional Contact Element Whose Stiffness Matrix is Symmetric." Journal of Applied Mechanics 66, no. 2 (June 1, 1999): 460–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2791070.

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A three-dimensional contact element based on the penalty function method has been developed for contact frictional problems with sticking, sliding, and separation modes infinite element analysis. A major advantage of this contact element is that its stiffness matrix is symmetric, even for frictional contact problems which have extensive sliding. As with other conventional finite elements, such as beam and continuum elements, this new contact element can be added to an existing finite element program without having to modify the main finite element analysis program. One is therefore able to easily implement the element into existing nonlinear finite element analysis codes for static, dynamic, and inelastic analyses. This element, which contains one contact node and four target nodes, can be used to analyze node-to-surface contact problems including those where the contact node slides along one or several target surfaces.

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6

Xu, S., and S. D. Yu. "FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS OF DYNAMIC CONTACT PROBLEMS." Transactions of the Canadian Society for Mechanical Engineering 22, no. 4B (December 1998): 533–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/tcsme-1998-0031.

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This paper presents a finite element analysis of dynamic contact between two solids with and without surface friction. The finite element solutions obtained using the linear complementary equations of incremental form for kineo-elastic displacements and contact stresses satisfy both normal boundary conditions and contact boundary conditions. Three examples solving dynamic contact between two solids of different shapes are given. Numerical results indicate that there is excellent agreement between independent analytical solution and results obtained using CONTACT2D - a computer written in FORTRAN77 by the authors.

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7

Haas, Peter, Milan Kadnár, Juraj Rusnák, František Tóth, and Dušan Nógli. "Influence of RC Element Wiring in Electrical Circuit on Electromechanical Thermostat Contact Wear." Acta Technologica Agriculturae 19, no. 3 (September 1, 2016): 63–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ata-2016-0014.

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Abstract Contact wear caused by electric arc during electric contact make (cut-in) and break (cut-out) has the direct impact on the contact lifetime. The RC element wired parallelly to the contact will eliminate or reduce the arcing and subsequently extend the lifetime. Comparative tests of the two sets of identical Danfoss 077B electromechanical thermostats have been carried out. In the first batch, standard thermostats were tested. In the second batch, the same thermostat types, but with RC elements wired parallel to thermostats main contacts were tested. Measurement has not proven any improvement of the contact wear. Temperature drift and change of the critical dimension caused by contact wear were very similar in the both cases. Thus, the application of RC element is considered not reasonable measure for reduction of contact wear of electromechanical thermostats.

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8

Komvopoulos, K., and D. H. Choi. "Elastic Finite Element Analysis of Multi-Asperity Contacts." Journal of Tribology 114, no. 4 (October 1, 1992): 823–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2920955.

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The plane-strain contact problem of an elastic half-space indented by a nominally flat rigid surface having a finite number of regularly spaced cylindrical asperities is investigated using the finite element method to gain an understanding of the interactions in multi-asperity contacts. The significance of the number and spacing of asperities on the contact behavior at the center and edges of the interfacial region is examined. Subsurface stress fields of multi-asperity contacts are presented for various asperity distributions and indentation depths. Asperity interaction effects are quantified in terms of representative parameters, such as the maximum contact pressure, normal load, and maximum von Mises equivalent stress, normalized with similar quantities of the single-asperity contact problem. These nondimensional parameters are principally affected by the spacing and radius of asperities and secondarily by the indentation depth. Significant deviations from the single-asperity Hertzian solution may be encountered, especially in the neighborhood of asperity contacts, because of the unloading and superposition mechanisms which depend on the distance and radius of asperities and indentation depth. The finite element results are in fair qualitative agreement with the phenomenological behavior and analytical predictions.

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9

HEEGE, A., and P. ALART. "A FRICTIONAL CONTACT ELEMENT FOR STRONGLY CURVED CONTACT PROBLEMS." International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 39, no. 1 (January 15, 1996): 165–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-0207(19960115)39:1<165::aid-nme846>3.0.co;2-y.

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10

Ju, Shen‐Haw. "A cubic‐spline contact element for frictional contact problems." Journal of the Chinese Institute of Engineers 21, no. 2 (March 1998): 119–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02533839.1998.9670377.

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11

Tran, Van Bon. "Dual finite element analysis for contact problem of elastic bodies with an enlarging contact zone." Applications of Mathematics 31, no. 5 (1986): 345–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.21136/am.1986.104213.

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12

Zhang, Ying Qian. "The Application of Contact Element in Finite Element Analysis." Applied Mechanics and Materials 422 (September 2013): 100–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.422.100.

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How to apply a torque is a very important problem in finite element analysis, and the traditional method utilizes a series of forces instead of the torque, but often leads in stress concentration. In this paper, many methods are being used to achieve the torque. And these methods are being compared, thus we can get several availability methods.

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13

Sun, Yue, Xiangchu Feng, Jun Xiao, and Ying Wang. "Discontinuous Deformation Analysis Coupling with Discontinuous Galerkin Finite Element Methods for Contact Simulations." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2016 (2016): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/6217679.

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A novel coupling scheme is presented to combine the discontinuous deformation analysis (DDA) and the interior penalty Galerkin (IPG) method for the modeling of contacts. The simultaneous equilibrium equations are assembled in a mixed strategy, where the entries are derived from both discontinuous Galerkin variational formulations and the strain energies of DDA contact springs. The contact algorithms of the DDA are generalized for element contacts, including contact detection criteria, open-close iteration, and contact submatrices. Three representative numerical examples on contact problems are conducted. Comparative investigations on the results obtained by our coupling scheme, ANSYS, and analytical theories demonstrate the accuracy and effectiveness of the proposed method.

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14

Nguyen, Duc Tue, Gast Rauchs, and Jean Philippe Ponthot. "A Quadratic Contact Element Passing the Patch Test." Key Engineering Materials 681 (February 2016): 47–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.681.47.

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For the two dimensional contact modeling, the standard node-to-segment quadratic contact elements are known to exhibit oscillations of the contact pressure. This situation is particularly critical when using the penalty method with a high penalty parameter because the amplitude of the oscillations increase with increasing penalty parameter. The aim of this article is to present a method for removing the oscillations of contact pressure observed while using quadratic contact element. For this purpose, the nodal forces at the slave and at the master nodes need to be evaluated appropriately. One possibility is to develop a suitable procedure for computing the nodal forces. In that sake, we selected the approach first proposed in [35] in an appropriate manner. After presenting the improved quadratic contact element, some numerical examples are illustrated in this paper to comparethe standard quadratic node-to-segment element with the proposed element. The examples show that the proposed element can strongly reduce the oscillating contact pressure for both plane and curved contact surfaces.

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15

Shen, Guangxian, Xuedao Shu, and Ming Li. "Three-Dimensional Contact Boundary Element Method for Roller Bearing." Journal of Applied Mechanics 72, no. 6 (June 14, 2005): 962–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2041662.

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The analysis of the forces and the rigidity of roller bearings is a multi-body contact problem, so it cannot be solved by contact boundary element method (BEM) for two elastic bodies. Based on the three-dimensional elastic contact BEM, according to the character of roller bearing, the new solution given in this paper replaces the roller body with a plate element and traction subelement. Linear elements are used in non-contact areas and a quadratic element is used in the contact area. The load distribution among the roller bodies and the load status in the inner rolling body can be extracted.

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16

Rabat, Ongdabek, Damir Absametov, Zhumabai Bainatov, Aigul Uteshbayeva, Alina Salmanova, and B. T. Tavshavadze. "METHODOLOGY FOR CONDUCTING VIRTUAL TESTS BY CREATING A FINITE ELEMENT MODEL." Series of Geology and Technical Sciences 2, no. 446 (April 15, 2021): 137–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.32014/2021.2518-170x.45.

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In this paper, we formulated the concept of the process of hitting a car on a fence as a movement along a curved trajectory with a certain radius of curvature. Special attention was paid to the contact of parts of different stiffness (when modeling the fence, these are ground-stand contacts), since the stiffness of the spring added to the contacting surfaces directly depends on the stiffness of the bodies being contacted. When soft bodies contact, its rigidity may be small, which can lead to instability of the solution. Also, the critical deflection of the fence (the transverse deflection of the fence, equal to twice the value of the console departure), after which the beam is inevitably lowered along with the deviated posts and the vehicles move over the fence.

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17

Liu, Zhengxing, Yaowen Yang, F. W. Williams, and A. K. Jemah. "Contact surface element method for two-dimensional elastic contact problems." Structural Engineering and Mechanics 6, no. 4 (June 25, 1998): 363–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.12989/sem.1998.6.4.363.

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18

Kane, C., E. A. Repetto, M. Ortiz, and J. E. Marsden. "Finite element analysis of nonsmooth contact." Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering 180, no. 1-2 (November 1999): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0045-7825(99)00034-1.

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19

Fernandes, P. J. L. "Contact fatigue in rolling-element bearings." Engineering Failure Analysis 4, no. 2 (June 1997): 155–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1350-6307(97)00007-1.

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20

Hoeprich, Michael R. "Rolling Element Bearing Contact Geometry Analysis." Tribology Transactions 38, no. 4 (January 1995): 879–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10402009508983484.

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21

Wriggers, P., W. T. Rust, and B. D. Reddy. "A virtual element method for contact." Computational Mechanics 58, no. 6 (September 27, 2016): 1039–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00466-016-1331-x.

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22

Pascoe, S. K., and J. E. Mottershead. "Two new finite element contact algorithms." Computers & Structures 32, no. 1 (January 1989): 137–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0045-7949(89)90078-3.

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23

Wriggers, P. "Finite element algorithms for contact problems." Archives of Computational Methods in Engineering 2, no. 4 (December 1995): 1–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02736195.

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24

Truman, Christopher E., Jonathan J. Blake, and Anthony Sackfield. "Analysis of a Self-Tracking Rolling Element Bearing." Journal of Tribology 123, no. 2 (June 19, 2000): 243–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1308007.

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A novel rolling bearing design, which is patented, is first described and second analyzed with a view to optimizing the bearing parameters. Usually the sides of grooves or ribs guide the rolling elements in ball and roller bearings. By using element-raceway profiles, which are essentially concave–convex, forces can be generated in the two contact regions which: (1) provide positive skew, (2) give stability to the roller motion in response to a disturbing force, and (3) balance lateral traction forces, thus alleviating the need for grooves or ribs. This allows for potential advantages of: (a) up to 50 percent savings in ring material, (b) no need for selective assembly, (c) insensitivity to misalignment, and (d) lighter rolling elements and less centripetal loading effects at high speed. The slip velocities and stress distributions as functions of roller skew are required in order to refine the bearing design parameters. To find the contact stress distributions in the inner and outer element-raceway contacts is not straightforward, as the profiles are non-Hertzian. In this paper an influence function approach is used where the two contact zones are meshed into appropriate grids and a piecewise-linear pressure is assumed to act over each grid element. By superposing the displacements produced by each grid element and equating this to the profiles of the roller and raceway the magnitudes of the pressure acting over each grid element may be found. The forces and moments developed in the contact zones may now be found and used to iteratively refine the initial bearing geometry for optimum performance. Finally, experimental tests are conducted on a prototype self-tracking bearing using a standard tapered bearing as a reference.

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25

Petrov, E. P., and D. J. Ewins. "Effects of Damping and Varying Contact Area at Blade-Disk Joints in Forced Response Analysis of Bladed Disk Assemblies." Journal of Turbomachinery 128, no. 2 (September 28, 2005): 403–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2181998.

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An approach is developed to analyze the multiharmonic forced response of large-scale finite element models of bladed disks taking account of the nonlinear forces acting at the contact interfaces of blade roots. Area contact interaction is modeled by area friction contact elements which allow for friction stresses under variable normal load, unilateral contacts, clearances, and interferences. Examples of application of the new approach to the analysis of root damping and forced response levels are given and numerical investigations of effects of contact conditions at root joints and excitation levels are explored for practical bladed disks.

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26

Oysu, C., and R. T. Fenner. "Two-dimensional elastic contact analysis by coupling finite element and boundary element methods." Journal of Strain Analysis for Engineering Design 33, no. 6 (August 1, 1998): 459–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/0309324981513156.

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A coupled finite element and boundary element method is introduced for the analysis of two-dimensional elastic contact problems without friction. The Lagrange multiplier method is used to apply the contact constraints. A computer program, which can analyse axisymmetric, plane strain and plane stress problems, has been developed and used to demonstrate the accuracy of the method. The program is applied to a sphere in contact with a flat surface, a rigid punch pressed on to an elastic foundation and an elastic cylindrical punch in contact with an elastic plate. In all cases good agreement is obtained with analytical solutions for stresses near the contact region.

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27

Grabovskiy, Andrey, Mykola А. Tkachuk, Natalia Domina, Ganna Tkachuk, Olha Ishchenko, Mykola M. Tkachuk, Pavel Kalinin, et al. "NUMERCNAL ANALYSIS OF CONTACT INTERACTION OF BODIES WITH NEARLY FORM SURFACES." Bulletin of the National Technical University «KhPI» Series: Engineering and CAD, no. 2 (December 30, 2021): 29–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.20998/2079-0775.2021.2.05.

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Contact interaction of structural elements has been studied in the case of nominally close (nearly matching) surfaces. A non uniform gap is present between the contacting parts. Contact pressure and contact spot depend on the shape of this gap. Correspondingly so does the stress-strain state of the contacting bodies too. Since the problem is essentially nonlinear, the contact pressure distribution and the contact zones change with the growing loads. The solution is qualitatively different to the case of perfectly matching bodies. For the latter case, the contact pressure is linearly proportional to the load and the contact zone is predefined. Hence for the real structures for which the deviation from the nominal shape is unavoidable the impact of these inaccuracies on the contact pressure distribution and the stress-strain state need to be taken into account. This problem is addressed in the paper by example of elements of stamping dies. Keywords: element of stamping dies, stress-strain state, contact pressure, contact interaction, variational inequalities, Kalker’s variational principle, finite element method, boundary element method

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28

Nguyen, Van Tho, Arkady N. Soloviev, M. A. Tamarkin, and I. A. Panfilov. "Finite Element Modeling Method of Centrifugally Rotary Processing." Applied Mechanics and Materials 889 (March 2019): 140–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.889.140.

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In the present work, the process of interaction of an abrasive particle with the surface of a component is modeled in the framework of dynamic problems of the theory of thermoelasticity, considering plastic deformation, friction and wear of the surface in the contact region. Two boundary contact problems are considered. The first problem deals with the contact interaction of an element of an abrasive particle in the form of a truncated cone and the surface of a part. The circle of smaller diameter of the cone contacts the surface of the part taking into account the friction and plastic deformation of this surface. Kinematic or force boundary conditions are applied to the circle of greater diameter. In the case of kinematic conditions, the normal and tangential displacements of the circle and its rotation are specified. In the case of force conditions, the force and moment are given. In the second task, the hard stamp slides at a constant speed along the flat boundary of the workpiece, the value of the die insertion is set. In the contact area, the sliding friction force is expressed through normal pressure and heating due to the friction and wear. The stress and temperature fields near the contact region are investigated.

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29

Landenberger, A., and A. El-Zafrany. "Boundary element analysis of elastic contact problems using gap finite elements." Computers & Structures 71, no. 6 (June 1999): 651–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0045-7949(98)00303-4.

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30

Maas, Steve A., Benjamin J. Ellis, David S. Rawlins, and Jeffrey A. Weiss. "Finite element simulation of articular contact mechanics with quadratic tetrahedral elements." Journal of Biomechanics 49, no. 5 (March 2016): 659–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2016.01.024.

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31

Jackson, Robert L., and Itzhak Green. "A Finite Element Study of Elasto-Plastic Hemispherical Contact Against a Rigid Flat." Journal of Tribology 127, no. 2 (April 1, 2005): 343–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1866166.

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This work presents a finite element study of elasto-plastic hemispherical contact. The results are normalized such that they are valid for macro contacts (e.g., rolling element bearings) and micro contacts (e.g., asperity contact), although micro-scale surface characteristics such as grain boundaries are not considered. The material is modeled as elastic-perfectly plastic. The numerical results are compared to other existing models of spherical contact, including the fully plastic truncation model (often attributed to Abbott and Firestone) and the perfectly elastic case (known as the Hertz contact). This work finds that the fully plastic average contact pressure, or hardness, commonly approximated to be a constant factor of about three times the yield strength, actually varies with the deformed contact geometry, which in turn is dependent upon the material properties (e.g., yield strength). The current work expands on previous works by including these effects and explaining them theoretically. Experimental and analytical results have also been shown to compare well with the current work. The results are fit by empirical formulations for a wide range of interferences (displacements which cause normal contact between the sphere and rigid flat) and materials for use in other applications.

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32

Olukoko, O. A., A. A. Becker, and R. T. Fenner. "Three benchmark examples for frictional contact modelling using finite element and boundary elements methods." Journal of Strain Analysis for Engineering Design 28, no. 4 (October 1, 1993): 293–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/03093247v284293.

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Three benchmark examples for two-dimensional and axisymmetric contact problems with friction are presented using the finite element and boundary element methods. The examples have relatively simple geometries and boundary conditions, and involve frictional sticking and slipping modes at the interface according to Coulomb's law of friction. Results are presented in the form of normal contact stresses, shear stresses, relative tangential displacements, and the stick-slip partitioning of the contact interface.

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33

Lee, Kyuhwan, Diane Wowk, and Paul Chan. "FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS OF AN EMPTY 37-ELEMENT CANDU^® FUEL BUNDLE TO STUDY THE EFFECTS OF PRESSURE TUBE CREEP." CNL Nuclear Review 10, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 39–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.12943/cnr.2020.00003.

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CANDU fuel bundles experience plastic deformations over time, and the horizontal configuration of the bundle in a crept pressure tube (PT) causes coolant to bypass the sagged lower half of the bundle. Bundle segments where the flow is limited may become more susceptible to dryout due to reactor aging. A finite element model of a 37-element fuel bundle was constructed using the commercial finite element software ANSYS to study the mechanical deformation behaviour of the bundle to maintain a coolable geometry. The main focus was on the contact between the fuel elements and between the fuel elements and PT. The complexity of the model due to all the contact pairs necessitated the use of high-powered computing hardware. Contact was demonstrated between the appendages, and sensitivity of the deformation to different boundary conditions (BC) was investigated. In particular, the radial position where the elements were welded to the endplate significantly impacted the magnitude of the element bowing. Expanding the PT up to 8% diametral creep demonstrated the proper functioning of the spacer pads (SP) and bearing pads in preventing sheath-to-sheath contact at the midplane and sheath-to-PT contact. However, the quarter plane was deemed to be the critical region due to the lack of SPs preventing excessive element bowing. This work has successfully illustrated the deformation of a CANDU fuel bundle, with contact, and its similarity with the bow profiles when compared with post-irradiation examination results and bundle heat-up tests.

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34

Ghouilem, Kamel, Rachid Mehaddene, and Mohammed Kadri. "Contact Friction Simulating between Two Rock Bodies Using ANSYS." International Journal of Engineering Research in Africa 29 (March 2017): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/jera.29.1.

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The ANSYS® Finite Element Method (FEM) program offers a variety of elements designed to treat cases of changing mechanical contact between the parts of an assembly or between different faces of a single part. These elements range from simple, limited idealizations to complex and sophisticated, general purpose algorithms. Contact problems are highly nonlinear and require significant computer resources to solve. Recently, analysts and designers have begun to use numerical simulation alone as an acceptable mean of validation employing numerical Finite Element Method (FEM). Contact problems fall into two general classes: rigid-to-flexible and flexible-to-flexible. In general, any time a soft material comes in contact with a hard material, the problem may be assumed to be rigid-to-flexible. The other class, flexible-to-flexible, is the more common type. To model a contact problem, you first need to identify the parts to be analyzed for their possible interaction. If one of the interactions is at a point, the corresponding component of your model is a node. If one of the interactions is at a surface, the corresponding component of your model is an element. The finite element model recognizes possible contact pairs by the presence of specific contact elements. These contact elements are overlaid on the parts of the model that are being analyzed for interaction. This paper present a simulation contact friction between Two Rock bodies loaded under two types of load condition: Axial pressure Load “σ” and Tangential Load “τ”. ANSYS® software has been used to perform the numerical calculation in this paper.

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35

Datta, J., and K. Farhang. "A Nonlinear Model for Structural Vibrations in Rolling Element Bearings: Part I—Derivation of Governing Equations." Journal of Tribology 119, no. 1 (January 1, 1997): 126–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2832445.

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This paper, the first of two companion papers, presents a model for investigating structural vibrations in rolling element bearings. The analytical formulation accounts for tangential and radial motions of the rolling elements, as well as the cage, the inner and the outer races. The contacts between the rolling elements and races are treated as nonlinear springs whose stiffnesses are obtained by application of the equation for Hertzian elastic contact deformation. The derivation of the equations of motion is facilitated by assuming that only rolling contact exists between the races and rolling elements. Application of Lagrange’s equations leads to a system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations governing the motion of the bearing system. These equations are then solved using the Runge-Kutta integration technique. Using the formulation in the second part—“A Nonlinear Model for Structural Vibrations in Rolling Element Bearings: Part II—Simulation and Results,” a number of effects on bearing structural vibrations are studied. This work is unique from previous studies in that the model simulates vibration from intrinsic properties and constituent elements of the bearing, and takes into account every contact region within the bearing, representing it by a nonlinear spring.

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36

Johnson, Jerome B., and Mark A. Hopkins. "Identifying microstructural deformation mechanisms in snow using discrete-element modeling." Journal of Glaciology 51, no. 174 (2005): 432–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/172756505781829188.

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AbstractA dynamic model of dry snow deformation is developed using a discrete-element technique to identify microstructural deformation mechanisms and simulate creep densification processes. The model employs grain-scale force models, explicit geometric representations of individual ice grains, and snow microstructure using assemblies of grains. Ice grains are randomly oriented cylinders of random length with hemispherical ends. Particle contacts are detected using a novel and efficient method based on the dilation operation in mathematical morphology. Grain-scale ice interaction algorithms, based on observed snow and ice microscale behavior, are developed and implemented in the model. These processes include grain contact sintering, grain boundary sliding and rotation at contacts, and grain contact deformation in tension, compression, shear, torsion and bending. Grain-scale contact force algorithms are temperature- and rate-dependent, with both elastic and viscous components. Grain bonds rupture when elastic stresses exceed ice tensile or shear strengths, after which intergranular friction and particle rearrangement control deformation until the snow compacts to its critical density. Simulations of creep settlement using 1000-grain model snow samples indicate the bulk viscosity of snow is controlled by the grain contact viscosity and area, grain packing and the increased number of frozen bonds that form during settlement. A linear relationship between contact viscosity and bulk snow viscosity at any specified density indicates that the linear model parameters can be accurately scaled, allowing simulations to be conducted for a broad range of dynamic and viscous creep deformation problems.

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Holland, Anthony, Yue Pan, Mohammad Alnassar, and Stanley Luong. "Circular test structures for determining the specific contact resistance of ohmic contacts." Facta universitatis - series: Electronics and Energetics 30, no. 3 (2017): 313–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fuee1703313h.

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Though the transport of charge carriers across a metal-semiconductor ohmic interface is a complex process in the realm of electron wave mechanics, such an interface is practically characterised by its specific contact resistance. Error correction has been a major concern in regard to specific contact resistance test structures and investigations by finite element modeling demonstrate that test structures utilising circular contacts can be more reliable than those designed to have square shaped contacts as test contacts become necessarily smaller. Finite element modeling software NASTRAN can be used effectively for designing and modeling ohmic contact test structures and can be used to show that circular contacts are efficient in minimising error in determining specific contact resistance from such test structures. Full semiconductor modeling software is expensive and for ohmic contact investigations is not required when the approach used is to investigate test structures considering the ohmic interface as effectively resistive.

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Zhong, Jun Jie, Bing Wu, Ze Feng Wen, Xin Zhao, and Xue Song Jin. "Application of Gap Element Method to Wheel/Rail Contact Problem Based on V-5." Applied Mechanics and Materials 344 (July 2013): 46–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.344.46.

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The vector form intrinsic finite element (V-5) method and the gap element method are combined to solve the static wheel/rail contact in two-dimensions in this paper to obtain the wheel/rail normal contact pressure, which would be compared with the normal contact pressure of ABAQUS and Hertz theory. The results showed that the contact pressure distribution of V-5 was consistent with ABAQUS and Hertzs, and the mechanical behavior of contact area was reasonable under the circumstance of different axle loads. Besides, it also verified the feasibility of adopting gap elements method to solve the static wheel/rail contact on the basis of vector form finite element method, which with the superiority of large rotation and large deformation, and laid the foundation of rolling wheel-rail contact behavior analysis.

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Ashraf, Muhammad Azeem, Bijan Sobhi-Najafabadi, Özdemir Göl, and D. Sugumar. "Finite Element Analysis of a Polymer- Polymer Sliding Contact for Schallamach Wave and Wear." Key Engineering Materials 348-349 (September 2007): 633–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.348-349.633.

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Sliding polymer-polymer surface contacts, due to their inherent elastic properties, exhibit detachment waves also termed as Schallamach waves. Such waves effect the initiation and propagation of wear along the sliding contacts. This paper presents quasi steady-state analysis of such a sliding contact using finite element. The contact is modeled and nodal solutions for pressure are obtained for small sliding steps. Analysis of orthogonal pressure components at the contact nodes reveals the formation of Schallamach wave phenomenon. Further, appropriate wear law is used for calculation of wear at nodal level.

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Bozca, Mehmet. "EFFECTS OF DESIGN PARAMETERS ON STATIC EQUIVALENT STRESS OF RADIAL ROLLING BEARINGS." Acta Polytechnica 61, no. 1 (March 1, 2021): 163–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.14311/ap.2021.61.0163.

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The aim of this study is to theoretically investigate the effects of design parameters on the static equivalent stress of radial rolling bearings, such as the point contact case for ball bearings and line contact case for roller bearings. The contact pressure, contact area and von Misses stress of bearings are calculated based on geometrical parameters, material parameters and loading parameters by using the developed MATLAB program. To achieve this aim, both the maximum contact pressure pmax and Von Mises effective stress σVM are simulated with respect to design parameters such as varying ball and roller element diameters and varying ball and roller element elasticity modulus. For the point contact case and line contact case, it was concluded that increasing the diameter of ball and roller elements results in reducing the maximum contact pressure pmax Furthermore, increasing the elasticity modulus of the ball and roller elements results in increasing the maximum contact pressure σVM. Furthermore, increasing the elasticity modulus of the ball and roller element results in increasing the maximum contact pressure pmax and Von Mises effective stress σVM because of the decrease of contact area A. The determination of the diameter of the ball and roller elements and the selection of material are crucial and play an effective role during the design process. Therefore, bearing designers and manufacturers should make the bearing geometrical dimensions as large as possible and bearing material as elastic as possible. Furthermore, the stress-based static failure theory can also be used instead of the standard static load carrying capacity calculation. Moreover, Von Mises stress theory is also compatible with the finite element method.

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Ju, S. H., J. J. Stone, and R. E. Rowlands. "A new symmetric contact element stiffness matrix for frictional contact problems." Computers & Structures 54, no. 2 (January 1995): 289–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0045-7949(94)e0176-3.

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Liu, Hong Bin, Lei Zhang, and Yong Sheng Shi. "Dynamic Finite Element Analysis for Tapered Roller Bearings." Applied Mechanics and Materials 533 (February 2014): 21–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.533.21.

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Based on the finite element method of explicit dynamics and contact dynamics mechanics, a three dimensional solid finite element model was developed introducing physical elements for tapered roller bearing. The dynamic process numerical simulation of tapered roller bearing was carried out in ABAQUS. The vibration curves of the nodes on roller were drew. The changes of contact stress and contact stress distribution of rings, rollers and the cage in the process were analyzed. The results show it is basically consistent with the actual movement of rolling bearings.

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Liu, Tianxiang, Geng Liu, and Q. Jane Wang. "An Element-Free Galerkin-Finite Element Coupling Method for Elasto-Plastic Contact Problems." Journal of Tribology 128, no. 1 (December 14, 2005): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1843134.

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The element-free Galerkin-finite element (EFG-FE) coupling method, combined with the linear mathematical programming technique, is utilized to solve two-dimensional elasto-plastic contact problems. Two discretized models for an elastic cylinder contacting with a rigid plane are used to investigate the boundary effects in a contact problem when using the EFG-FE coupling method under symmetric conditions. The influences of the number of Gauss integration points and the size supporting the weight function in the meshless region on the contact pressure and stress distributions are studied and discussed by comparing the numerical results with the theoretical ones. Furthermore, the elasto-plastic contact problems of a smooth cylinder with a plane and a rough surface with a plane are analyzed by means of the EFG-FE method and different elasto-plasticity models.

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Su, Li Jun, Hong Jian Liao, Shan Yong Wang, and Wen Bing Wei. "Study of Interface Problems Using Finite Element Method." Key Engineering Materials 353-358 (September 2007): 953–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.353-358.953.

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In numerical simulation of engineering problems, it is important to properly simulate the interface between two adjacent parts of the model. In finite element method, there are generally three methods for simulating interface problems: interface element method, surface based contact method and the method by using a thin layer of continuum elements. In this paper, simulation of interface problems is conducted using continuum elements and surface based contact methods. The results from each method are presented and compared with each other.

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Oysu, Cuneyt. "Finite element and boundary element contact stress analysis with remeshing technique." Applied Mathematical Modelling 31, no. 12 (December 2007): 2744–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apm.2006.11.001.

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Wriggers, Peter, and Wilhelm T. Rust. "A virtual element method for frictional contact including large deformations." Engineering Computations 36, no. 7 (August 12, 2019): 2133–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ec-02-2019-0043.

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Purpose This paper aims to describe the application of the virtual element method (VEM) to contact problems between elastic bodies. Design/methodology/approach Polygonal elements with arbitrary shape allow a stable node-to-node contact enforcement. By adaptively adjusting the polygonal mesh, this methodology is extended to problems undergoing large frictional sliding. Findings The virtual element is well suited for large deformation contact problems. The issue of element stability for this specific application is discussed, and the capability of the method is demonstrated by means of numerical examples. Originality/value This work is completely new as this is the first time, as per the authors’ knowledge, the VEM is applied to large deformation contact.

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Song, Xiao Lei, Li Gang Cai, and Yong Sheng Zhao. "Contact Finite Element Analysis of Spindle-Toolholder Joint." Applied Mechanics and Materials 288 (February 2013): 54–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.288.54.

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A performance evaluation model for spindle-toolholder joint system is built by applying the contact finite element method (FEM). Contact detection is implemented at the Gaussian integration points of the contact elements. Contact state is determined by calculating normal distance and normal contact force between every two points on the contact surface. Friction state is determined by calculating tangential contact force. The determinations are introduced into the variable principle of nonlinear FEM based on pure penalty method. The updated FE equations are solved using the full Newton-Raphson method. Deformation and contact stress distribution are studied. The stiffness distribution is derived by calculating the displacement increments under the different forces, based on the stiffness definition. The proposed model can well illustrate and evaluate the joint performance.

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Bettaïeb, M. N., P. Velex, and M. Ajmi. "A Static and Dynamic Model of Geared Transmissions by Combining Substructures and Elastic Foundations—Applications to Thin-Rimmed Gears." Journal of Mechanical Design 129, no. 2 (February 6, 2006): 184–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2406088.

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The present work is aimed at predicting the static and dynamic behavior of geared transmissions comprising flexible components. The proposed model adopts a hybrid approach, combining classical beam elements, elastic foundations for the simulation of tooth contacts, and substructures derived from three-dimensional (3D) finite element grids for thin-rimmed gears and their supporting shafts. The pinion shaft and body are modeled via beam elements which simulate bending, torsion and traction. Tooth contact deflections are described using time-varying elastic foundations (Pasternak foundations) connected by independent contact stiffness. In order to account for thin-rimmed gears, a 3D finite element model of the gear (excluding teeth) is set up and a pseudo-modal reduction technique is used prior to solving the equations of motion. Depending on the gear structure, the results reveal a potentially significant influence of thin rims on both quasi-static and dynamic tooth loading.

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Sahoo, Prasanta, and Niloy Ghosh. "Finite element contact analysis of fractal surfaces." Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 40, no. 14 (June 29, 2007): 4245–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0022-3727/40/14/021.

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Yeo, Taein, and J. R. Barber. "Finite Element Analysis of Thermoelastic Contact Stability." Journal of Applied Mechanics 61, no. 4 (December 1, 1994): 919–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2901578.

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When heat is conducted across an interface between two dissimilar materials, theimoelastic distortion affects the contact pressure distribution. The existence of a pressure-sensitive thermal contact resistance at the interface can cause such systems to be unstable in the steady-state. Stability analysis for thermoelastic contact has been conducted by linear perturbation methods for one-dimensional and simple two-dimensional geometries, but analytical solutions become very complicated for finite geometries. A method is therefore proposed in which the finite element method is used to reduce the stability problem to an eigenvalue problem. The linearity of the underlying perturbation problem enables us to conclude that solutions can be obtained in separated-variable form with exponential variation in time. This factor can therefore be removed from the governing equations and the finite element method is used to obtain a time-independent set of homogeneous equations in which the exponential growth rate appears as a linear parameter. We therefore obtain a linear eigenvalue problem and stability of the system requires that all the resulting eigenvalues should have negative real part. The method is discussed in application to the simple one-dimensional system of two contacting rods. The results show good agreement with previous analytical investigations and give additional information about the migration of eigenvalues in the complex plane as the steady-state heat flux is varied.

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