Journal articles on the topic 'Consumption of thermal and electric energy'
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Kupreyenko, A. I., KH M. Isayev, and S. KH Isayev. "Reducing the energy consumption of the aerodynamic heating dryer." Traktory i sel'hozmashiny 1, no. 1 (2021): 81–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.31992/0321-4443-2021-1-81-87.
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A promising direction in the development of drying plants in the technologies of processing fruit and berry raw materials is the use of aerodynamic heating dryers. They implement the principle of transformation of electrical energy consumed to drive a centrifugal fan into thermal energy due to mutual friction of air flows circulating in a closed chamber. In this case, the overwhelming part of the electrical energy supplied to the rotor is spent on overcoming aerodynamic losses in the flow path of the impeller and in the drying chamber. To reduce the energy consumption of the drying process by reducing the energy consumption for heating the drying agent in the drying chamber, it is proposed to utilize the heat of the spent drying agent by equipping the dryer with a combined heat exchanger. It combines a plate heat exchanger and a solar air collector. The aim of the study was to analyze the efficiency of using a combined heat exchanger to reduce the energy consumption of an aerodynamic dryer when drying apples. The operation of the drying plant was investigated with and without a combined heat exchanger. To record the parameters of the drying agent, the environment, and the consumption of electric energy, an eight-channel TRM-138 thermoregulator meter with thermal resistance sensors and an electric energy meter with current transformers were used. An eight-channel TRM-138 thermoregulator meter with thermal resistance sensors and an electric en-ergy meter with current transformers was used to record the parameters of the drying agent, the en-vironment, and the consumption of electric energy. The research results showed that the use of a combined heat exchanger made it possible to increase the temperature of the drying agent entering the drying chamber by an average of 20 ºС relative to the ambient air temperature. A more intensive increase in the temperature of the drying agent when using a combined heat exchanger made it pos-sible to reduce the drying time by 3 hours. At the same time, electricity consumption decreased by 27.4%.
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Nojavan, Sayyad. "Management of electric and thermal energy consumption in residential building." Iranian Electric Industry Journal of Quality and Productivity 8, no. 3 (January 1, 2020): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.29252/ieijqp.8.3.1.
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Stepanova, E. L., and A. P. Ovchinnikov. "Determination of average relative capital investment of 30–125 MW combined-cycle plants commissioned at Russian thermal power plants in 2015–2020. Comparative analysis with data obtained in 2010–2014." iPolytech Journal 25, no. 6 (January 11, 2022): 762–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.21285/1814-3520-2021-6-762-772.
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The present work examines average relative capital investment and fuel consumption for electric and thermal energy supply of the combined-cycle plants having 30–125 MW gas turbines commissioned at Russian thermal power plants in 2015–2020. In this work, we used general calculation methods of average relative capital investments and fuel consumption for the electrical and thermal energy supply using power equipment of thermal power plants. To assess the scope of commissioning gas turbines incorporated into the combined-cycle plants, they were classified into three groups by electrical power: 30–59 MW, 60–99 MW and 100–125 MW. The scope of commissioning gas turbines incorporated into the Russian combined-cycle plants in 2015–2020 was analysed. The average relative capital invest-ment in combined-cycle plants having 30–125 MW gas turbines, as well as the average specific fuel consumption for the electrical and thermal energy supply, were calculated. The calculations were carried out for each part of combined-cycle plants integrated into thermal power plants with a breakdown by seven Unified Energy Systems of Russia. The quantita-tive commissioning of gas turbines is compared for the periods from 2010 to the economic crisis of 2014 and after 2014 to the present: a ~2.5-fold decrease is demonstrated. A preliminary evaluation of the increase in average relative capital investment in combined-cycle plants having gas turbines of the same electric power was performed.
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Le, Anh Tuan, Liang Wang, Yang Wang, Ngoc Tuan Vu, and Daoliang Li. "Experimental Validation of a Low-Energy-Consumption Heating Model for Recirculating Aquaponic Systems." Energies 13, no. 8 (April 16, 2020): 1958. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13081958.
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Electrical energy is the highest energetic cost in recirculation aquaponic systems (RASs), especially for fish-tank water. Therefore, reducing energy consumption is one of the challenges in developing RAS models. In this study, eleven experimental setups, based on numerical models from an earlier investigator, were built to investigate. Among them, three additional cases (cases 9–11) investigated the transient discharging energy efficiency of thermal energy storage (TES). Cases 9–11 considered three temperature levels, namely, 65–75 °C, 71–81 °C, and 81–87 °C, with a mass flow rate of 0.166 kg/s. The results show that when heating 3.4 m3 of fish tank water from 24.5 °C to 28 °C, the average temperature error of the tank water was between 1.2% and 3.4%. The difference in the heat transfer rate was within ±4.2%. The error in the thermal efficiency was below 8.0%. The error range of the total required thermal energy was from 6.4% to 11.5%. Cases 9–11 used 5.6%, 6.4%, and 7.2% of the thermal energy of the TES tank, respectively. The electrical energy consumption was low compared to the thermal energy of the fish tank water received from the TES unit. Therefore, the proposed low-energy-consumption heating method can replace electric heaters.
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Wang, Jianpeng, and Fanming Kong. "Research on thermal management system of next-generation hybrid electric vehicle." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2260, no. 1 (April 1, 2022): 012022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2260/1/012022.
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Abstract New energy vehicles play a bigger role under the National VI emission standard and the double-point policy conditions, which is the focus of Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs) and consumers due to the advantages of low fuel consumption and long battery life. The front cabin of a hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) includes the cooling system of the engine, electric motors, controller and condenser, etc. Compared with fuel and pure electric vehicles, the front cabin has a higher heat load, smaller space, and a great influence of the radiators for PHEV, which has more requirements for the cooling module. As people’s requirements for power and comfort continue to increase, the cost and energy consumption of thermal management systems are also rising. Hence, all OEMs have shifted their focus to developing a new generation of thermal management systems. The performance of the new-generation hybrid vehicle thermal management system can meet the performance requirements of the entire vehicle, and it has the advantages of being suitable for platformization, reducing costs, comprehensive utilization of vehicle energy to reduce energy consumption, high radiating efficiency, small front-end module size, and low fan power.
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Kobernik, V. S. "Fuel consumption of thermal power technologies under maneuvering modes." Problems of General Energy 2020, no. 4 (December 22, 2020): 45–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/pge2020.04.045.
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A characteristic feature of the present day development of power engineering lies in the increase in the unevenness of power systems schedules. The structure of generating powers of Ukrainian energy engineering is overloaded with basic powers and characterized by a sharp deficit of maneuvering wanes. To cover the uneven load of the power system during the operation of existing and construction of new power plants, it is necessary to take into account the possibility of their operation under maneuvering modes. This paper determines the influence of work of power plants i under maneuvering modes on the specific consumption of conditional fuel on the released electric energy at working on gas or coal fuel. Fuel consumption for starting of a unit depends on its type and downtime in reserve. The use of steam–and–gas facilities and gas turbines helps to enhance the maneuverability of power plants. Alternative options for the development of thermal energy are the introduction of gas–piston power plants and power units with fluidized–bed boilers. We present formulas for the calculations of fuel consumption on by power units for start–ups and specific consumptions depending on the load and degree of their involvement to regulating loads for different thermal energy technologies: steam–turbine condensation and district heating power units; steam–and–gas and gas turbine plants; gas piston installations; power units with fluidized bed boilers. For enhancing the maneuverability of power plants, working on fossil fuels, their modernization and renewal of software are necessary. Quantitative assessment of the efficiency of power units and separate power plants during their operation under variable modes is important for forecasting the structure of generating capacities of power systems, the need to introduce peak and semi–peak capacities, the choice of the most profitable composition of operating equipment at different schedules of electrical loads Keywords: thermal power, power unit, maneuverable mode, electrical load, specific fuel consumption
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Cigarini, Francesco, Tu-Anh Fay, Nikolay Artemenko, and Dietmar Göhlich. "Modeling and Experimental Investigation of Thermal Comfort and Energy Consumption in a Battery Electric Bus." World Electric Vehicle Journal 12, no. 1 (January 6, 2021): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/wevj12010007.
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In battery electric buses (e-buses), the substantial energy consumption of the heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) system can cause significant reductions of the available travel range. Additionally, HVAC systems are often operated at higher levels than what required for the thermal comfort of the passengers. Therefore, this paper proposes a method to experimentally investigate the influence of the HVAC system on the energy consumption and thermal comfort in a 12m e-bus. An appropriate thermal comfort model is identified and the required climatic input parameters are selected and measured with self-developed sensor stations. The energy consumption of the e-bus, the state of charge (SoC) of the battery and the available travel range are measured by an embedded data logger. Climatic measurements are then performed with heating on and off on a Berlin bus line in winter conditions. The results show that the energy consumption of the e-bus is increased by a factor of 1.9 with heating on, while both the SoC and travel range are reduced accordingly. Comparing the thermal comfort with heating on and off, a decrease from “comfortable” to “slightly uncomfortable but acceptable” is observed.
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Park, Jaesung, Taeyeon Kim, and Chul-sung Lee. "Development of Thermal Comfort-Based Controller and Potential Reduction of the Cooling Energy Consumption of a Residential Building in Kuwait." Energies 12, no. 17 (August 30, 2019): 3348. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12173348.
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In Kuwait, where the government subsidizes approximately 95% of residential electricity bills, most of the country’s energy consumption is for residential use. In particular, air-conditioning (AC) systems for cooling, which are used throughout the year, are responsible for residential electric energy consumption. This study aimed to reduce the amount of energy consumed for cooling purposes by developing a thermal comfort-based controller. Our study commenced by using a simulation model to investigate the possibility of energy reduction when using the predicted mean vote (PMV) for optimal control. The result showed that control optimization would enable the cooling energy consumption to be reduced by 33.5%. The influence of six variables on cooling energy consumption was then analyzed to develop a thermal comfort-based controller. The analysis results showed that the indoor air temperature was the most influential factor, followed by the mean radiant temperature, the metabolic rate, and indoor air velocity. The thermal comfort-based controller-version 1 (TCC-V1) was developed based on the analysis results and experimentally evaluated to determine the extent to which the use of the controller would affect the energy consumed for cooling. The experiments showed that the implementation of TCC-V1 control made it possible to reduce the electric energy consumption by 39.5% on a summer representative day. The results of this study indicate that it is possible to improve indoor thermal comfort while saving energy by using the thermal comfort-based controller in residential buildings in Kuwait.
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Ezemobi, Ethelbert, Gulnora Yakhshilikova, Sanjarbek Ruzimov, Luis Miguel Castellanos, and Andrea Tonoli. "Adaptive Model Predictive Control Including Battery Thermal Limitations for Fuel Consumption Reduction in P2 Hybrid Electric Vehicles." World Electric Vehicle Journal 13, no. 2 (February 1, 2022): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/wevj13020033.
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The primary objective of a hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) is to optimize the energy consumption of the automotive powertrain. This optimization has to be applied while respecting the operating conditions of the battery. Otherwise, there is a risk of compromising the battery life and thermal runaway that may result from excessive power transfer across the battery. Such considerations are critical if factoring in the low battery capacity and the passive battery cooling technology that is commonly associated with HEVs. The literature has proposed many solutions to HEV energy optimization. However, only a few of the solutions have addressed this optimization in the presence of thermal constraints. In this paper, a strategy for energy optimization in the presence of thermal constraints is developed for P2 HEVs based on battery sizing and the application of model predictive control (MPC) strategy. To analyse this approach, an electro-thermal battery pack model is integrated with an off-axis P2 HEV powertrain. The battery pack is properly sized to prevent thermal runaway while improving the energy consumption. The power splitting, thermal enhancement and energy optimization of the complex and nonlinear system are handled in this work with an adaptive MPC operated within a moving finite prediction horizon. The simulation results of the HEV SUV demonstrate that, by applying thermal constraints, energy consumption for a 0.9 kWh battery capacity can be reduced by 11.3% relative to the conventional vehicle. This corresponds to about a 1.5% energy increase when there is no thermal constraint. However, by increasing the battery capacity to 1.5 kWh (14s10p), it is possible to reduce the energy consumption by 15.7%. Additional benefits associated with the predictive capability of MPC are reported in terms of energy minimization and thermal improvement.
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Fernández Bandera, Carlos, Jose Pachano, Jaume Salom, Antonis Peppas, and Germán Ramos Ruiz. "Photovoltaic Plant Optimization to Leverage Electric Self Consumption by Harnessing Building Thermal Mass." Sustainability 12, no. 2 (January 11, 2020): 553. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12020553.
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The self-consumption without surplus to the grid is one of the aspects of the new Spanish law for prosumers. Increasing the share of renewable energy sources into the grid inherently leads to several constraints. The mismatch between the energy demand and the renewable energy production, which is intermittent in nature, is one of those challenges. Storage offers the possibility to decouple demand and supply, and therefore, it adds flexibility to the electric system. This research evaluates expanding electricity self-consumption without surplus to the grid by harnessing thermal mass storage in the residential sector. The methodology is investigated by using a variable refrigerant flow air conditioner system. Because there is no option to export the excess capacity to the grid, this research proposes an approach to profiting from this surplus energy by activating structural thermal mass, which is quantified from the information acquired using a building energy model. For this purpose, an EnergyPlus model of a flat in Pamplona (Spain) was used. The optimization analysis was based on a set-point modulation control strategy. Results show that under adequate climatological circumstances, the proposed methodology can reduce the total electric energy from the grid between by 60– 80 % .
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Tobing, Iqbal Fahri, Mustaqimah Mustaqimah, and Raida Agustina. "Modifikasi Pengering Tipe Tray Dryer Dengan Penambahan Insulator." Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Pertanian 4, no. 4 (March 31, 2020): 422–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.17969/jimfp.v4i4.12685.
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Abstrak. Pengering tipe Tray Dryer merupakan salah satu alat pengering rak atau pengering kabinet yang dapat digunakan untuk mengeringkan berbagai jenis bahan baku makanan. Alat pengering ini dirancang dengan tipe paralel flow tray dimana udara panas yang dihasilkan akan disirkulasikan sejajar dengan permukaan rak pengering dan bekerja menggunakan sumber energi listrik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memodifikasi pengering tray dryer dengan penambahan insulator dan mengetahui konsumsi energi alat pengering tray dryer pada pengeringan kunyit. Parameter pengujian uji kinerja alat tanpa bahan meliputi distribusi suhu, kelembaban relatif dan kecepatan aliran udara dan untuk perhitungan konsumsi energi meliputi penggunaan energi listrik, perhitungan energi thermal, energi mengeringkan bahan, energi untuk menguapkan air bahan, efisiensi pengeringan, energi kipas dan kehilangan energi melalui cerobong. Pada pengujian pengering tray dryer suhu yang digunakan adalah 55°C. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa secara fungsional dan struktural alat pengering tray dryer setelah dimodifikasi dengan melapisi dinding luar ruang pengering dapat beroperasi dengan baik, proses pengeringan lebih cepat dan energi yang digunakan juga sedikit dibandingkan dengan sebelum dimodifikasi. Konsumsi energi listrik pada alat pengering tray dryer setelah dimodifikasi pada saat proses pengeringan dengan suhu 35oC selama 6,5 jam sebesar 35,33 kWh (127,2 MJ), pada suhu 45oC sebesar 24,26 kWh (88,06 MJ) dengan lamanya pengeringan selama 4,5 jam dan suhu 55oC sebesar 18,89 kWh (68,01 MJ) dengan lama pengeringan selama 3,5 jam, hal ii disebabkan lama pengeringan merupakan salah satu faktor yang menyebabkan besar kecilnya konsumsi energi listrik. Konsumsi energi thermal selama proses pengeringan dengan suhu 35°C adalah sebesar 17,53 MJ, suhu 45°C sebesar 19,54 MJ dan suhu 55°C sebesar 21,34 MJ. Berdasarkan hasil kalkulasi antara energi listrik dan energi thermal didapatkan efisiensi pengeringan pada suhu 35°C sebesar 27,80%, suhu 45°C sebesar 22,2% dan suhu 55°C sebesar 31,4%.Modification Of Tray Dryer With InsulatorAbstract. Tray Dryer is a type of dryer or cabinet dryer that can be used to dry various types of food raw materials. This dryer is designed with a parallel flow tray type where the hot air generated will be circulated parallel to the surface of the drying rack and work using an electric energy source. This study aims to modify the tray dryer with the addition of an insulator and determine the energy consumption of dryer dryers in turmeric drying. The test parameters of the performance test of equipment without material include temperature distribution, relative humidity and air flow velocity and for the calculation of energy consumption including the use of electrical energy, thermal energy calculation, energy drying material, energy to evaporate material water, drying efficiency, fan energy and energy loss through chimney. In testing the tray dryer dryer the temperature used is 55 ° C. The results showed that functionally and structurally the tray dryer after being modified by covering the outer walls of the drying chamber could operate well, the drying process was faster and the energy used was also less compared to before it was modified. Electric energy consumption in the tray dryer after being modified during the drying process with a temperature of 35oC for 6.5 hours amounted to 35.33 kWh (127.2 MJ), at a temperature of 45oC of 24.26 kWh (88.06 MJ) with a duration drying for 4.5 hours and a temperature of 55oC of 18.89 kWh (68.01 MJ) with a drying time of 3.5 hours, this is due to the length of drying is one of the factors causing the size of the electrical energy consumption. The consumption of thermal energy during the drying process with a temperature of 35 ° C is 17.53 MJ, a temperature of 45 ° C is 19.54 MJ and a temperature of 55 ° C is 21.34 MJ. Based on the results of calculations between electrical energy and thermal energy obtained drying efficiency at a temperature of 35 ° C at 27.80%, a temperature of 45 ° C at 22.2% and a temperature of 55 ° C at 31.4%
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Tong, Xun Zhou, Ting Liu, Hong Qin Liu, Hai Yan Duan, and Xian En Wang. "Study on Energy Material Application in Changchu City for the Low-Carbon Economy Development." Advanced Materials Research 568 (September 2012): 269–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.568.269.
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As an old industrial base of the northeast, energy material application is Changchun’s necessary choice for the low-carbon economy development. Analysis shows that new energy materials should be applied to electric power industry. Replacing the thermal power generation mainly using coal by new energy materials power generation, energy consumption in thermal power and carbon emissions will be reduced. Second, with new energy materials applying to nonmetal mineral products and other industries, the consumption proportion of coal and fossil oil in the industrial process will be reduced.
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Valenzuela, Edgar, Hector Campbell, Gisela Montero, Marcos A. Coronado, Alejandro A. Lambert-Arista, Carlos Perez-Tello, and Víctor H. Ramos-Sanchez. "Evaluation of Home Energy Efficiency Improvements in a Hot Desert Climate in Northwestern Mexico: The Energy Saving vs. Money Saving Conflict." Energies 14, no. 23 (November 25, 2021): 7909. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14237909.
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Reducing household energy consumption is one of the most important strategies used to decrease fossil fuel consumption and greenhouse gases emissions, and to encourage renewable energy utilization. Most energy conservation strategies in the domestic sector are aimed at preferential loans, i.e., purchasing renewable electricity or to improve the efficiency of home appliances, such as air conditioning and lighting. However, despite the relative economic successes of these technologies, they have not had expected impacts in regard to energy consumption. In this work, the authors analyzed the consumption patterns of two equivalent households—one was adapted with improved thermal insulation and a 1.2 kW photovoltaic system to reduce consumption from the electrical grid. The results show that dwellings where no improvements were made registered lower electric energy consumption, due the fact that users were aware that no strategy had been implemented, and its consumption; hence, electricity payments depended solely on one’s attention over the electronic device operations. On the other hand, energy conservation strategies in households promotes confident and relaxed attitudes toward the use of energy, leading to lower energy billings, but a higher gross energy consumption.
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da Silva Christo, Eliane, Kelly Alonso Costa, Lidia Angulo Meza, and Caroline de Oliveira Costa Souza Rosa. "Life Cycle Energy Analysis for Energy Planning of the Rio De Janeiro State." Advanced Materials Research 962-965 (June 2014): 1660–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.962-965.1660.
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The human development would not be possible without energy. But the way electricity has been generated and fuels have been burnt causes serious impacts in environment. Our current society is concerned about these problems, and studies have been carried out to find renewable power sources and ways to use energy as efficient as possible. In this context, we will study the electrical generator park of Rio de Janeiro State, which is composed by hydroelectric plants, one wind farm, thermal plants and two conventional thermonuclear plants, having reached an installed capacity of 7.991 MW in 2012. In this same year, the electric generation in the state was 51.633 GWh, which accounted for 9,3% of national production, while the electricity consumption of 50.746 GWh represented 10,2% of the country's consumption. An increase in electricity consumption is expected for the next years due to the heating of the state economy, the large industrial investments and the great international events which will take place there. Therefore, the state will have to expand the capacity of its electric generating facilities, preferably in a sustainable and efficient way. This project aims to study how energy is used and generated in Rio de Janeiro State and begin to compile its energy inventory, so that, further studies can be conducted in order to make a comparative of these energy sources through the life cycle energy analysis seeking viable alternatives to the electricity demand in the state.
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Vankov, Y. V., A. K. Al–Okbi, and M. H. Hasanen. "Solar hybrid air conditioning system to use in Iraq to save energy." E3S Web of Conferences 124 (2019): 01024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201912401024.
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The energy saving issues are becoming necessary worldwide, as excessive consumption of energy leads to the consumption of a larger amount of fuel, increases environmental pollution and negatively affects the ozone layer. In Iraq, in particular, the demand for central air conditioning systems and home air conditioners with high electrical capacity has become increasingly clear in the recent years. Air conditioning systems within residential and public buildings, as well as government facilities became a necessity for good internal comfort, which was driven by desertification, high temperature, air pollution and increased population, resulting in increased consumption of electric power and pressing of power plants. Aiming at usage of renewable energy sources, the proposed system uses solar collectors as auxiliary solar thermal compressors and integrate them with air conditioning systems. The proposed solution will increase the cooling system efficiency, reduce electricity consumption and pollution.
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Shkirmontov, A. P. "Smelting of ferrosilicum from the position of energy and technology criteria of ferroalloys electric arc furnace operation." Ferrous Metallurgy. Bulletin of Scientific , Technical and Economic Information, no. 8 (September 1, 2018): 43–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.32339/0135-5910-2018-8-43-49.
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For estimation of ferroalloy-producing electric arc furnace operation efficiency an energy and technology criteria proposed. Its physical meaning is as follows: it determines a share of energy from the current source, in particular its useful part, spent by ore reduction carbon-thermal process of a ferroalloy production (ferrosilicum, ferrochrome, ferromanganeese), taking into account heat losses and degree of extraction of the leading element into the alloy.Results of an analysis of ferroalloys smelting parameters in electric arc furnaces via carbon-thermal process by example of smelting FeSi using energy and technology criteria of ferroalloys furnace operation presented. It was shown, that while increasing values of energy and technology criteria, the specific consumption of electric power per one basic tonne of the alloy is reducing. For mid power electric furnaces that melted 75% FeSi, the energy and technology criteria of ferroalloys furnace operation corresponds to a range from 0.300 to 0.314. At the same time, the specific electric power consumption is from 9.0 to 8.6 MW∙h/t of the alloy. A satisfactory, but less efficient version of the furnace operation is the range of energy and technology criteria from 0.272 to 0.293 and specific electricity consumption of electric power varies from 9.8 to 9.2 MW∙h/t of alloy. Such a complex value can be considered as the main element of the energy and technological audit of the ferroalloy furnace facility, as well as to identify effective operating modes, analysis of usage of various types of charge materials (ore raw materials, carbonaceous reductants) and the application of innovative melting technologies.
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Setiawan, Budhy, and Riska Nur Wakidah. "Solar Hybrid Hatching Machine Applying a Thermal Accumulator with a Reflective Array Method." Environmental Research, Engineering and Management 77, no. 3 (September 30, 2021): 23–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.erem.77.3.28438.
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In this research, a hybrid egg hatcher machine applied two types of energy for heating, namely solar thermal energy and an electric (fossil) heater. Solar energy was the main energy, and the electric heater was the secondary energy. This hybrid system was related to Indonesian geography, with high solar energy of an average of 5 kWh/m2/day in one year. Therefore, solar thermal energy storage will be effectively used in Indonesia to reduce fossil energy exploitation. The solar thermal energy was stored in an accumulator with a 4 m2 collector. The solar thermal accumulator was an insulated vessel with high reflectivity and insulation. The heat energy was stored and kept in some water bars. In maximizing absorption capability, the collector used a reflective array method that was operated by opening or closing the arrays. The arrays were controlled by an electronic controller, which compared the thermal energy inside with the energy of sunlight. The array’s movement to charge the accumulator was done automatically by using the hysteresis switching method. The electric heater will be used only if the accumulator temperature is less than 40 °C. The capacity of the egg hatcher machine accumulator was 300 eggs. Raw data were collected using a data logger of DAQ (Data Acquisition Interface) DT9813 to determine and analyze the performance of system parameters. From the data collected, the solar thermal accumulator showed its capability for storing thermal energy up to 7.07 kWh. However, its average absorption efficiencies were 54–58 % by direct solar and 60–70 % by diffuse solar. Experiments verified the effectiveness of the designed accumulator. The experimental results showed that the electrical energy consumption was reduced up to 64 %.
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Shi, Wei Ning, Hai Fei Zhou, and Xin Fang Zhang. "Rapid Dissolution of Secondary Phase in Cold-Rolling Al-Cu-Mg Alloy by Electropulsing Treatment." Materials Science Forum 990 (May 2020): 3–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.990.3.
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The Al-Cu-Mg alloy is a precipitation-strengthening alloy, which is traditionally dissolving lots of secondary phase and precipitating in subsequent aging process, thus having been applied to aerospace and automobile industry due to its low density and high strength. However, the high temperature and long operating time needed for the dissolution of secondary phase consume numerous energy. In this work, rapid dissolution of secondary phase in cold-rolling Al-Cu-Mg alloy was achieved by coupling treatment of thermal field and pulsed electric current. The energy consumption for dissolving secondary phasewas reduced from 495°C operating 1h to 450°C operating several minutes. Therefore, the coupling treatment of thermal field and pulsed electric current significantly improves the dissolving rate and decreases the energy consumption.
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Takaishvili, L. N., and G. V. Agafonov. "Application prospects of Irkutsk region thermal coals." Proceedings of Irkutsk State Technical University 24, no. 6 (January 13, 2021): 1271–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.21285/1814-3520-2020-6-1271-1284.
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The purpose of the paper is to assess application directions and prospects of Irkutsk region power generating coals for the needs of electric and heat power engineering with regard to the possible export of elect rical energy to the countries of South-East Asia, and use as raw materials for coal chemistry needs. The research is carried out using the methods of system analysis involving analysis and synthesis, formalization and concretization, structuring and restructuring, classification. It is the first time when the category of local power generating coals is distinguished under the analysis of the balance reserves of thermal coals. Their feature is low-quality and remoteness from settlements and transportation lanes. Their resource estimate is also given – 0.54 billion tons. An estimate of the recoverable reserves of local coals is obtained: it is 260 million tons. The potential level of local coal production is calculated. A retrospect of consumption trends of regional thermal coals is given and possible application directions are considered in the long run. It is shown that the most demanded direction is the use of coals for energy needs, mainly at thermal power plants. The calculated volumes of coal consumption of two export TPPs, Mugunskaya and Ishideiskaya, are respectively 11 and 6 million tons. According to the authors' calculations, the percentage of electrical energy generation at coal -fired TPPs depending on its export variant implementation can increase by 1.5 – 2.1 times as compared with the level of 2019. Availability of significant reserves of power generating coals in the region makes them a reliable source of energy resources for the electric and thermal power industry, including the export of electrical energy and a promising raw material for the needs of coal chemistry. Potential capacity of coal mining is estimated at 50-60 million tons per year, including 6.5 million tons of local coals. Production potential of coal significantly exceeds its demand both at present and in the future.
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Branchini, Lisa, Maria Chiara Bignozzi, Benedetta Ferrari, Barbara Mazzanti, Saverio Ottaviano, Marcello Salvio, Claudia Toro, Fabrizio Martini, and Andrea Canetti. "Cogeneration Supporting the Energy Transition in the Italian Ceramic Tile Industry." Sustainability 13, no. 7 (April 3, 2021): 4006. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13074006.
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Ceramic tile production is an industrial process where energy efficiency management is crucial, given the high amount of energy (electrical and thermal) required by the production cycle. This study presents the preliminary results of a research project aimed at defining the benefits of using combined heat and power (CHP) systems in the ceramic sector. Data collected from ten CHP installations allowed us to outline the average characteristics of prime movers, and to quantify the contribution of CHP thermal energy supporting the dryer process. The electric size of the installed CHP units resulted in being between 3.4 MW and 4.9 MW, with an average value of 4 MW. Data revealed that when the goal is to maximize the generation of electricity for self-consumption, internal combustion engines are the preferred choice due to higher conversion efficiency. In contrast, gas turbines allowed us to minimize the consumption of natural gas input to the spray dryer. Indeed, the fraction of the dryer thermal demand (between 600–950 kcal/kgH2O), covered by CHP discharged heat, is strictly dependent on the type of prime mover installed: lower values, in the range of 30–45%, are characteristic of combustion engines, whereas the use of gas turbines can contribute up to 77% of the process’s total consumption.
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Domingues, Nuno. "Electric and Thermal Energy Production and Storage System by Pinecone Waste." Advanced Energy: An International Journal 9, no. 1 (January 31, 2022): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.5121/aeij.2022.9101.
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Rural ecosystems are the main source of biomass used in the production of renewable energy in Portugal. However, it is based on pruning residues are most of the raw material for biomass leaving other opportunities aside. This paper highlights the role of pinecone waste without pinion for the energy sector. The present paper studies different solutions to enhance the use of the pinecones for energy proposes. The present paper also presents the different principal technologies. It is possible to conclude that the use of residual biomass is a way to reduce the national dependence on energy imports (fossil specialties), decreases transport losses (by allowing local production and consumption locally) and encourages the management of forest areas (fixing people in rural areas and lowers the risk of fire).
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Lahlou, Anas, Florence Ossart, Emmanuel Boudard, Francis Roy, and Mohamed Bakhouya. "Optimal Management of Thermal Comfort and Driving Range in Electric Vehicles." Energies 13, no. 17 (August 31, 2020): 4471. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13174471.
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The HVAC system represents the main auxiliary load in battery-powered electric vehicles (BEVs) and requires efficient control approaches that balance energy saving and thermal comfort. On the one hand, passengers always demand more comfort, but on the other hand the HVAC system consumption strongly impacts the vehicle’s driving range, which constitutes a major concern in BEVs. In this paper, a thermal comfort management approach that optimizes the thermal comfort while preserving the driving range during a trip is proposed. The electric vehicle is first modeled together with the HVAC and the passengers’ thermo-physiological behavior. Then, the thermal comfort management issue is formulated as an optimization problem solved by dynamic programing. Two representative test-cases of hot climates and traffic situations are simulated. In the first one, the energetic cost and ratio of improved comfort is quantified for different meteorological and traffic conditions. The second one highlights the traffic situation in which a trade-off between the driving speed and thermal comfort is important. A large number of weather and traffic situations are simulated and results show the efficiency of the proposed approach in minimizing energy consumption while maintaining a good comfort.
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Lahlou, Anas, Florence Ossart, Emmanuel Boudard, Francis Roy, and Mohamed Bakhouya. "A Real-Time Approach for Thermal Comfort Management in Electric Vehicles." Energies 13, no. 15 (August 3, 2020): 4006. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13154006.
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The HVAC system represents the main auxiliary load in electric vehicles, but passengers’ thermal comfort expectations are always increasing. Hence, a compromise is needed between energy consumption and thermal comfort. The present paper proposes a real-time thermal comfort management strategy that adapts the thermal comfort according to the energy available for operating the HVAC system. The thermal comfort is evaluated thanks to the “Predicted Mean Vote”, representative of passenger’s thermal sensations. Based on traffic and weather predictions for a given trip, the algorithm first estimates the energy required for the traction and the energy available for thermal comfort. Then, it determines the best thermal comfort that can be provided in these energetic conditions and controls the HVAC system accordingly. The algorithm is tested for a wide variety of meteorological and traffic scenarios. Results show that the energy estimators have a good accuracy. The absolute relative error is about 1.7% for the first one (traction), and almost 4.1% for the second one (thermal comfort). The effectiveness of the proposed thermal comfort management strategy is assessed by comparing it to an off-line optimal control approach based on dynamic programming. Simulation results show that the proposed approach is near-optimal, with a slight increase of discomfort by only 3%.
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Abiyeva, G. S., G. B. Aldabergenova, and B. A. Balapanov. "Research of recirculation systems and air recovery systems." E3S Web of Conferences 291 (2021): 02012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202129102012.
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The scientific work “Research of recirculation systems and air recovery systems” is devoted to the analysis and selection of the most optimum ventilation systems that will reduce the cost of published products by reducing energy consumption. The purpose of this work is to discover and experimentally study the characteristics that affect the use of thermal and electric energy by ventilation systems and air heating in the industry, as well as to create solutions that allow to achieve a decrease in the consumption of fuel and energy resources for these systems. The relevance of the work is to reduce the cost of manufactured products and increase their own competitiveness by saving consumed energy resources. In this regard, the development of completely new solutions focused on the economic efficiency of electrical and thermal energy in ventilation and heating systems in various industries, with a simultaneous increase in sanitary hygienic efficiency, today is an urgent task of solving the problem and has economic national importance.
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Gao, Ji, Ying Sun, Jin Wen, and Theodore F. Smith. "An experimental study of energy consumption and thermal comfort for electric and hydronic reheats." Energy and Buildings 37, no. 3 (March 2005): 203–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2004.05.012.
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Yakhshilikova, Gulnora, Ethelbert Ezemobi, Sanjarbek Ruzimov, and Andrea Tonoli. "Battery Sizing for Mild P2 HEVs Considering the Battery Pack Thermal Limitations." Applied Sciences 12, no. 1 (December 27, 2021): 226. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12010226.
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Small capacity and passively cooled battery packs are widely used in mild hybrid electric vehicles (MHEV). In this regard, continuous usage of electric traction could cause thermal runaway of the battery, reducing its life and increasing the risk of fire incidence. Hence, thermal limitations on the battery could be implemented in a supervisory controller to avoid such risks. A vast literature on the topic shows that the problem of battery thermal runaway is solved by applying active cooling or by implementing penalty factors on electric energy utilization for large capacity battery packs. However, they do not address the problem in the case of passive cooled, small capacity battery packs. In this paper, an experimentally validated electro-thermal model of the battery pack is integrated with the hybrid electric vehicle simulator. A supervisory controller using the equivalent consumption minimization strategy with, and without, consideration of thermal limitations are discussed. The results of a simulation of an MHEV with a 0.9 kWh battery pack showed that the thermal limitations of the battery pack caused a 2–3% fuel consumption increase compared to the case without such limitations; however, the limitations led to battery temperatures as high as 180 °C. The same simulation showed that the adoption of a 1.8 kWh battery pack led to a fuel consumption reduction of 8–13% without thermal implications.
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Demchenko, V. G., A. V. Konyk, and M. V. Khomenko. "RESEARCH OF THERMAL CHARACTERISTICS ELECTRIC HEATING DEVICES." Thermophysics and Thermal Power Engineering 43, no. 2 (March 10, 2021): 41–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.31472/ttpe.2.2021.5.
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In recent years, there has been a trend of transition from gas to electric heating, due to changes in the energy sector of the economy. Mass use of portable electric heaters allows to reduce fuel consumption by 25%, significantly reduce heat loss and negative impact on the environment. Electric heating is characterized by affordability, high efficiency, low costs of installation and maintenance, the ability to use preferential tariffs.
The purpose of the article is to analyze the technical and economic characteristics and efficiency of typical household electric heaters. The article contains an experimental study of the heat flux and heat of radiation of selected structures. The heat flux density was determined by the calculation method and in comparison with experimental data. Complex heat transfer is taken into account by calculating the heat transfer coefficient. Numerical and experimental study of the natural flow of convection in combination with radiation is carried out with each heated device in the laboratory.
A comparative analysis of the ratio of thermal characteristics to the cost and efficiency of devices. With the help of the author's method of "centers of mass" the comparison of qualitative characteristics of devices is carried out. As a result of the analysis it was established that the ALMAZ TERM Panel does not meet the set quality conditions, which requires further refinement of the design and technological indicators.
Studies show that it is possible to increase the efficiency of heating devices by increasing the consistency of the temperature profile, changing the radiation factor, optimizing the heat transfer surface of the device, as well as by integrating heat storages to store and improve heat distribution. In this case, the electrical energy is converted into heat and stored with subsequent use during peak hours.
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Savoiskyi, Oleksandr, Valerii Yakovliev, and Viktor Sirenko. "COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF METHODS SUPPLIES THERMAL ENERGY IN HIGH-WATER BIOLOGICAL OBJECTS DURING DRYING." ScienceRise, no. 1 (February 27, 2021): 3–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.21303/2313-8416.2021.001667.
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Object of research: the process of heating a biological object with various methods of supplying thermal energy, in particular, convective, direct electric and combined methods.
Solved problem: intensification of heating of high-moisture biological objects during the drying process.
Main scientific results. The expediency of using a combined (direct electric and convective) supply of thermal energy for intensifying heating of raw materials in the drying process has been established. In terms of the duration of the heating process, combined heating is much more effective than using purely convective or direct electric heating. Comparison of the values of the duration of the heating process for a body weighing 0.0028 kg shows that the combined heating occurs 1.5–2.5 times faster. At the same time, the consumption of electrical energy for the selected processing modes is 279–254 J, which is 80–87 % of the total required energy. It has been found that the main control factor in the combined heat supply is the applied voltage of direct electric heating.
The area of practical application of the research results: enterprises of the processing industry, specializing in the production of dried products.
Innovative technological product: a combined method of heating high-moisture objects during the drying process, which will provide intensive and energy-efficient processing modes while maintaining the established quality of the finished product.
Scope of application of the innovative technological product: production of finished food products and semi-finished products.
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Gao, Zheng Yang, Bo Wen Zhang, Rui Qing Xia, Wen Hui Feng, and Tian Long Wang. "Research on the Heat Transfer Characteristic of Boiler under Solar-Coal Complementary Electric Generation Condition." Advanced Materials Research 347-353 (October 2011): 836–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.347-353.836.
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Solar-coal complementary electric generation is a new way to utilize solar thermal, however, using solar thermal to replace the heat transfer of some heating surfaces will inevitably affects the stability and efficiency of boiler operation, and the running characteristics of the boiler will affects the utilization capacity of the solar thermal in turn. A 300MW unit thermal- circulation boiler has been studied. A research on calculation of heat transfer characteristic has been made. The influence of solar-energy utilization on heat transfer has been analyzed. Calculation and analysis indicate that using solar thermal to heat the feedwater can decrease coal consumption. 87.2% of the coal consumption decrement can be attributed to the replacement of coal by solar thermal, 12.8% of the coal consumption decrement is leaded by the boiler efficiency increment; Solar thermal should not be introduced into the boilers with low exhaust gas temperature and the boilers running at low load operation; Using solar thermal to heat the feedwater leads to decreasing spray water; Through the boiler calculation in this paper, the maximum solar thermal utilization capacity is 19.27MW.
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Horskyi, V. V. "The selection of the method to divide total expenses of energy consumed for the combined production of energy products and its application for coal-fired CHP." Problems of General Energy 2021, no. 4 (December 22, 2021): 56–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/pge2021.04.056.
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Cogeneration of electric and heat energy is a trend in the modern development of energy production systems in the world. The share of electricity produced by CHP in Ukraine coincides with the share of combined heat and power produced by the G8 + 5 countries and is equal to 11–19%. The fuel's heat utilization rate reaches 75% at CHP in the EU countries. An important energy efficiency indicator, characterizing the full technological cycle of power generation, is the total power intensity of the product. To determine the technical and economic indicators of CHP's operation, the production cost of energy products produced, reasonable tariffs for them, and the payback period of investments, first of all, it is necessary to develop a certain scheme for the allocation of costs for each output product. One of the most important methodological issues in combined energy production is the optimal distribution of expenses between the generation and transmission of electric and thermal energy. So far, there are a number of methods for allocating costs by type of product in cogeneration. All methods give different calculation results, and the discrepancy among them is quite significant. Analyzing and comparing them, one can identify both the advantages and disadvantages of each method, depending on the calculation task. The total energy intensity of energy products output for the station was also calculated, and the distribution of energy consumption between thermal and electric energy was performed according to four methods. As a result of the analysis, the thermodynamic method of cost allocation for the supply of electricity and heat is recommended for use, as it takes into account the value of steam used in the turbine (for electric power generation) and is further supplied for the needs of heat supply. Keywords: cogeneration, distribution of energy consumption, methods of distribution of energy consumption, energy carriers
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Patrone, Gian Luca, Elena Paffumi, Marcos Otura, Mario Centurelli, Christian Ferrarese, Steffen Jahn, Andreas Brenner, Bernd Thieringer, Daniel Braun, and Thomas Hoffmann. "Assessing the Energy Consumption and Driving Range of the QUIET Project Demonstrator Vehicle." Energies 15, no. 4 (February 10, 2022): 1290. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15041290.
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This article summarises the experimental testing campaign performed at the Joint Research Centre (JRC) on the demonstrator battery electric vehicle (BEV) of the European Union Horizon 2020 research project QUIET. The project, launched in October 2017, aimed at developing an improved and energy-efficient electric vehicle with increased driving range under real-world driving conditions, focusing on three areas: improved energy management, lightweight materials with enhanced thermal insulation properties, and improved safety and comfort. A heating, venting, and air conditioning (HVAC) system based on the refrigerant R290 (propane), a phase change material (PCM) thermal storage system, infrared heating panels in the near field of the passengers, lightweight materials for seat internal structures, and composite vehicle doors with a novel atomically precise manufacturing (APM) aluminium foam are all the breakthrough technologies installed on the QUIET demonstrator vehicle. All these innovative technologies allow the energetic request for cooling and heating the cabin of the demonstrator vehicle under different driving conditions and the weight of the vehicle components (e.g., doors, windshields, seats, heating, and air conditioning) to be reduced by about 28%, leading to an approximately 26% driving range increase under both hot (40 °C) and cold (−10 °C) weather conditions.
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Huber, Patrick, Melvin Ott, Martin Friedli, Andreas Rumsch, and Andrew Paice. "Residential Power Traces for Five Houses: The iHomeLab RAPT Dataset." Data 5, no. 1 (February 5, 2020): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/data5010017.
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Datasets with measurements of both solar electricity production and domestic electricity consumption separated into the major loads are interesting for research focussing on (i) local optimization of solar energy consumption and (ii) non-intrusive load monitoring. To this end, we publish the iHomeLab RAPT dataset consisting of electrical power traces from five houses in the greater Lucerne region in Switzerland spanning a period from 1.5 up to 3.5 years with a sampling frequency of five minutes. For each house, the electrical energy consumption of the aggregated household and specific appliances such as dishwasher, washing machine, tumble dryer, hot water boiler, or heating pump were metered. Additionally, the data includes electric production data from PV panels for all five houses, and battery power flow measurement data from two houses. Thermal metadata is also provided for the three houses with a heating pump.
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Donateo, Teresa, Claudia Lucia De Pascalis, and Antonio Ficarella. "An Application of the ECMS Strategy to a Wankel Hybrid Electric UAV." MATEC Web of Conferences 304 (2019): 03010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201930403010.
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In a previous work, the authors optimized the hybrid electric power system for a tactical Unmanned Aerial Vehicle including a Wankel engine as thermal converter and a permanent magnet electric motor powered by lithium batteries. Startingfrom this optimal configuration, we address here the topic of a refined optimization of the energy management strategy, i.e. the contribution of the battery to the required power in each segment of the flight. The Equivalent Consumption Minimization Strategy (ECMS) was chosen with the goal of minimizing fuel consumption while fully depleting the energy stored in the battery from the beginning to the end of each mission.
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Chi, Yuanying, Yangyi Zhang, Guozheng Li, and Yongke Yuan. "Prediction Method of Beijing Electric-Energy Substitution Potential Based on a Grid-Search Support Vector Machine." Energies 15, no. 11 (May 25, 2022): 3897. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15113897.
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Recently, “power cuts” and “coal price surges” have been significant concerns of individuals and societies. The main reasons for a power cut are a recent rapid increase in power consumption, shortage of thermal coal or the large shutdown capacity of thermal power units, resulting in a tight power supply in the power grid. In recent years, the shortage of fossil resources has led to frequent energy crises. In the context of carbon peaks and carbon neutralization, how to better develop electric-energy substitution and eliminate the dependence on fossil energy has become a problem that needs to be solved at present. In this paper, the influencing factors of electric-energy substitution in Beijing are analyzed, and the indexes affecting the electric-energy substitution are outlined. By constructing various machine-learning models, the prediction is performed. The results show that the Gaussian kernel support vector machine model based on a grid search has a good prediction effect on the electric-energy substitution potential in Beijing, which has certain guiding significance for electric-energy substitution potential analysis.
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Li, Song, Puxi Wang, Dong Zeng, Wenjie Peng, and Liu Yang. "Multi-System Coupling DMi Hybrid Vehicle Modeling and Its Performance Analysis Based on Simulation." World Electric Vehicle Journal 12, no. 4 (November 1, 2021): 215. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/wevj12040215.
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Key subsystems, such as driving resistance, component performance, and energy management strategy, determine the power performance and energy consumption of hybrid electric vehicles. Qin Plus performs excellently in fuel consumption due to its low driving resistance, high thermal efficiency of the engine, and multi-factor multi-mode energy management strategy. This article aims to explain the outstanding energy consumption of DMi vehicles by analyzing the driving resistance, component parameters of Qin Plus and introducing the drive modes selection and vehicle energy management strategy through multi-system modeling and simulation. The ultra-low fuel consumption of 3.8 L is obtained under the NEDC driving cycle and evaluated by the corresponding experiment.
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Gnezdova, O. E., and E. S. Chugunkova. "Thermal/electric energy generation and CO2 production for greenhouse facilities." Power and Autonomous equipment 2, no. 3 (October 30, 2019): 141–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.32464/2618-8716-2019-2-3-141-151.
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Introduction: greenhouses need microclimate control systems to grow agricultural crops. The method of carbon dioxide injection, which is currently used by agricultural companies, causes particular problems. Co-generation power plants may boost the greenhouse efficiency, as they are capable of producing electric energy, heat and cold, as well as carbon dioxide designated for greenhouse plants.Methods: the co-authors provide their estimates of the future gas/electricity rates growth in the short term; they have made a breakdown of the costs of greenhouse products, and they have also compiled the diagrams describing electricity consumption in case of traditional and non-traditional patterns of power supply; they also provide a power distribution pattern typical for greenhouse businesses, as well as the structure and the principle of operation of a co-generation unit used by a greenhouse facility.Results and discussion: the co-authors highlight the strengths of co-generation units used by greenhouse facilities. They have also identified the biological features of carbon dioxide generation and consumption, and they have listed the consequences of using carbon dioxide to enrich vegetable crops.Conclusion: the co-authors have formulated the expediency of using co-generation power plants as part of power generation facilities that serve greenhouses.
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Mohd Noor, Alias, Rosnizam Che Puteh, Srithar Rajoo, Uday M. Basheer, Muhammad Hanafi Md Sah, and Sheikh Hussain Shaikh Salleh. "Simulation Study on Electric Turbo-Compound (ETC) for Thermal Energy Recovery in Turbocharged Internal Combustion Engine." Applied Mechanics and Materials 799-800 (October 2015): 895–901. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.799-800.895.
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Exhaust gas heat utilization in the form of Thermal Energy Recovery (TER) has attracted a major interest due to its potentials with Internal Combustion Engines (ICE). Recovering useful energy, for example in the form of electrical power from the engine exhaust waste heat could benefit in the form of direct fuel economy or increase in the available electric power for the auxillary systems. The methodology in this paper includes the assessment of each waste heat recovery technology based on the current research and development trends for automotive application. It also looked into the potential for energy recovery, performances of each technology and factors affecting its implementation. Finally, the work presents an Electric Turbo Compounding (ETC) simulation using a Ford Eco-Boost as a baseline engine modeled with the 1-Dimensional AVL Boost software. A validated 1-D engine model was used to investigate the impact on the Brake Specific Fuel Consumption (BSFC) and Brake Mean Effective Pressure (BMEP) at full load. This paper presents some reviews on the turbo-compounding method and also the modelling efforts and results of an electric turbo-compounding system. Modelling shows that the turbo-compounding setup can be more beneficial than turbo-charging alone.
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Parejo, Antonio, Antonio Sanchez-Squella, Rodrigo Barraza, Fernando Yanine, Aldo Barrueto-Guzman, and Carlos Leon. "Design and Simulation of an Energy Homeostaticity System for Electric and Thermal Power Management in a Building with Smart Microgrid." Energies 12, no. 9 (May 12, 2019): 1806. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12091806.
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Nowadays, microgrids are gaining importance in electric power generation and distribution environments due to their flexibility, versatility, scalability and the possibility of supplying ancillary services when connected to the grid. They allow for the customization of electric supply for very different types of consumers. Therefore, a new control model for power and energy management based on homeostaticity of electric power systems (EPS) is presented, which has been already analyzed and approved by ENEL Chile in its developmental stage. ENEL, the largest electric utility in the country, is interested in incorporating smart microgrids in the electricity distribution market, as part of a worldwide policy. Such microgrids are to be installed in buildings serviced by ENEL. To demonstrate the model’s utility, a Simulink model of a real microgrid is used, which is comprised of PV generation, energy storage, an air conditioning (AC) equipment and thermal storage of the building upon which the microgrid is installed. The behavior of every element is simulated, including the dynamic thermal model of the building in order to optimize energy management and power supply versus consumption. The behavior of the whole system is analyzed under different environmental profiles and energy consumption patterns using the proposed homeostaticity system.
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Cheekatamarla, Praveen K. "Decarbonization of Residential Building Energy Supply: Impact of Cogeneration System Performance on Energy, Environment, and Economics." Energies 14, no. 9 (April 28, 2021): 2538. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14092538.
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Electrical and thermal loads of residential buildings present a unique opportunity for onsite power generation, and concomitant thermal energy generation, storage, and utilization, to decrease primary energy consumption and carbon dioxide intensity. This approach also improves resiliency and ability to address peak load burden effectively. Demand response programs and grid-interactive buildings are also essential to meet the energy needs of the 21st century while addressing climate impact. Given the significance of the scale of building energy consumption, this study investigates how cogeneration systems influence the primary energy consumption and carbon footprint in residential buildings. The impact of onsite power generation capacity, its electrical and thermal efficiency, and its cost, on total primary energy consumption, equivalent carbon dioxide emissions, operating expenditure, and, most importantly, thermal and electrical energy balance, is presented. The conditions at which a cogeneration approach loses its advantage as an energy efficient residential resource are identified as a function of electrical grid’s carbon footprint and primary energy efficiency. Compared to a heat pump heating system with a coefficient of performance (COP) of three, a 0.5 kW cogeneration system with 40% electrical efficiency is shown to lose its environmental benefit if the electrical grid’s carbon dioxide intensity falls below 0.4 kg CO2 per kWh electricity.
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Rey-Martínez, F. J., J. F. San José-Alonso, E. Velasco-Gómez, A. Tejero-González, and P. M. Esquivias. "Primary energy efficiency assessment of a coil heat recovery system within the air handling unit of an operating room." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2069, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2069/1/012113.
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Abstract Heat recovery systems installed in Air Handling Units (AHUs) are energy efficient solutions during disparate outdoor-to-indoor temperatures. However, they may be detrimental in terms of a primary energy balance when these temperatures get closer, due to the decrease in the thermal energy recovered compared to the global energy consumption required for their operation. AHUs in surgical areas have certain particularities such as their continuous operation throughout the year, the large airflows supplied and the strict exigencies on the supply air quality, avoiding any cross contamination. This work presents the measurements and analysis performed on a coil heat recovery (run-around) loop system installed in the AHU that serves a mixed-air ventilation operating room in a Hospital Complex. A primary energy balance is studied, including the thermal and electric energy savings achieved, considering the electric energy consumption by the recirculation pump and the additional power requirements of fans due to the pressure drop introduced. The obtained value is then used to predict the thermal energy savings achieved by the heat recovery system. Results are extrapolated to the Typical Meteorological Year to provide an order of magnitude of the primary energy and CO2 emissions saved through the operation of the coil heat recovery system.
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Vatin, Nikolay, Darya Nemova, Alexandra Kazimirova, and Kirill Gureev. "The Increase of the Thermal Shielding Level for a Residence Building of 1-528 KP Series." Applied Mechanics and Materials 725-726 (January 2015): 1402–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.725-726.1402.
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In article the structural analysis of power consumption of the building of house series 1-528 KP is carried out, on the basis of the analysis of actual data of heat consumption and the carried-out tool energy audit the data, allowing to estimate a condition of systems of heating, power supply, water supply are obtained. Actions for energy efficiency increase are offered. It is shown need and economic feasibility of performance of the organizational and technical actions offered to realization on economy of thermal and electric energy.
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Tulyaganov, Murot. "Solution of optimization problems of high-inertial asynchronous electric drive." E3S Web of Conferences 216 (2020): 01156. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202021601156.
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The method of optimum start-up calculation on computer with use of the principle of a maximum and Newton-Rafson's method for the high-inertial asynchronous electric drive is offered. Based on this technique, optimal dynamic modes of high-inertia frequency-controlled asynchronous electric drive are calculated taking into account thermal processes. Methods of increasing electric motor energy efficiency due to reducing power consumption in dynamic modes are considered.
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Zhao, Jinghua, Yunfeng Hu, Fangxi Xie, Xiaoping Li, Yao Sun, Hongyu Sun, and Xun Gong. "Modeling and Integrated Optimization of Power Split and Exhaust Thermal Management on Diesel Hybrid Electric Vehicles." Energies 14, no. 22 (November 10, 2021): 7505. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14227505.
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To simultaneously achieve high fuel efficiency and low emissions in a diesel hybrid electric vehicle (DHEV), it is necessary to optimize not only power split but also exhaust thermal management for emission aftertreatment systems. However, how to coordinate the power split and the exhaust thermal management to balance fuel economy improvement and emissions reduction remains a formidable challenge. In this paper, a hierarchical model predictive control (MPC) framework is proposed to coordinate the power split and the exhaust thermal management. The method consists of two parts: a fuel and thermal optimized controller (FTOC) combining the rule-based and the optimization-based methods for power split simultaneously considering fuel consumption and exhaust temperature, and a fuel post-injection thermal controller (FPTC) for exhaust thermal management with a separate fuel injection system added to the exhaust pipe. Additionally, preview information about the road grade is introduced to improve the power split by a fuel and thermal on slope forecast optimized controller (FTSFOC). Simulation results show that the hierarchical method (FTOC + FPTC) can reach the optimal exhaust temperature nearly 40 s earlier, and its total fuel consumption is also reduced by 8.9%, as compared to the sequential method under a world light test cycle (WLTC) driving cycle. Moreover, the total fuel consumption of the FTSFOC is reduced by 5.2%, as compared to the fuel and thermal on sensor-information optimized controller (FTSOC) working with real-time road grade information.
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Zhang, Yingxin, Sainan Wang, Wei Shao, and Junhong Hao. "Feasible Distributed Energy Supply Options for Household Energy Use in China from a Carbon Neutral Perspective." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 24 (December 9, 2021): 12992. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182412992.
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This contribution firstly proposed the concept of annual average power generation hours and analyzed per capita energy consumption, carbon emission, and the human development index from a macro perspective. On this basis, we compared the average household electrical energy consumption of urban and rural residents based on the data from CGSS-2015 from a micro perspective. The results show the positive correlation between carbon emissions per capita and the human development index and China’s regional imbalance characteristics between household electricity consumption and renewable energy distribution. Therefore, the distributed energy supply system is proposed as an effective complement to centralized power generation systems and is the key to synergizing human development and carbon emissions in China. Moreover, we analyzed the characteristics of distributed energy supply systems in the context of existing energy supply systems, pointing out the need to fully use solar energy and natural gas. Finally, two types of typical distributed energy supply systems are proposed for satisfying the household energy requirements in remote or rural areas of western and the eastern or coastal areas of China, respectively. Two typical distributed energy systems integrate high-efficiency energy conversion, storage, and transfer devices such as electric heat pumps, photovoltaic thermal, heat and electricity storage, and fuel cells.
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Treshcheva, Milana, Irina Anikina, Vitaly Sergeev, Sergey Skulkin, and Dmitry Treshchev. "Selection of Heat Pump Capacity Used at Thermal Power Plants under Electricity Market Operating Conditions." Energies 14, no. 1 (January 4, 2021): 226. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14010226.
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The percentage of heat pumps used in thermal power plants (TPPs) in the fuel and energy balance is extremely low in in most countries. One of the reasons for this is the lack of a systematic approach to selecting and justifying the circuit solutions and equipment capacity. This article aims to develop a new method of calculating the maximum capacity of heat pumps. The method proposed in the article has elements of marginal analysis. It takes into account the limitation of heat pump capacity by break-even operation at electric power market (compensation of fuel expenses, connected with electric power production). In this case, the heat pump’s maximum allowable capacity depends on the electric capacity of TPP, electricity consumption for own needs, specific consumption of conditional fuel for electricity production, a ratio of prices for energy resources, and a conversion factor of heat pump. For TPP based on combined cycle gas turbine (CCGT) CCGT-450 with prices at the Russian energy resources markets at the level of 2019, when operating with the maximum heat load, the allowable heat pump capacity will be about 50 MW, and when operating with the minimum heat load—about 200 MW.
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Zablodskiy, Nikolay, Mykhailo Spodoba, and Alexander Spodoba. "Experimental investigation of energy consumption for the process of initial heating of a substrate for the use of electric heat-mechanical system." Electrical Engineering and Power Engineering, no. 1 (March 30, 2022): 49–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.15588/1607-6761-2022-1-5.
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Purpose. Experimental determination of energy consumption for the process of initial heating of the substrate to the temperature of anaerobic digestion in a biogas reactor using an electrothermal-mechanical system with automatic control to assess the energy efficiency of the process of heating the substrate and the profitability of further processing of the resulting biogas into thermal and electrical energy.
Methodology. Experimental studies of the dynamics of temperature changes in an heating cable placed in an electrothermal-mechanical system, determining the duration of the process and the energy consumed by the initial heating of the substrate, processing and analysis of the obtained data arrays, summarizing the results obtained.
Findings. Biogas technologies play an important role in the formation of a modern energy system, the profitability of which directly depends on the energy efficiency of anaerobic digestion intensification. The process of digestion of waste is long, so one of the main methods of intensification of biogas production is the mixing of waste in the process of anaerobic fermentation. There is a need to improve the energy efficiency of anaerobic digestion intensification and the profitability processing of biogas into heat and electricity. Ways to improve energy efficiency mainly consist in reducing the time of heating the substrate in a biogas reactor, reducing the consumption of electrical energy for the process of thermal stabilization of anaerobic digestion, structural combination of energy-efficient systems for mixing and heating raw materials in reactors, and introducing automatic production systems. The implementation of these actions will make it possible to establish the optimal geometric dimensions of an electrothermal-mechanical system with automatic control for mixing and heating the substrate in a biogas reactor and significantly increase the energy efficiency of biogas plants and the subsequent processing of the resulting biogas into thermal and electrical energy.
Originality. As a result of the experimental study and analysis of the data obtained, it was found that with the same power of the heating sections, the change in the temperature of the electric cable in each blade does not occur in the same way. The authors found that the average value of the temperature of the sections of the electric heating cable of the lower blades is 12.9% higher compared to the upper blades of the electrothermal-mechanical system. In the course of experimental studies, the authors found that when using a heating system made of an electric heating cable mounted in the blades of a two-tier paddle mixer, it consumes J, on the process of initial heating of the substrate from before °С in a biogas reactor with a volume of 40 liters. The duration of the heating itself is 300 minutes. In the course of experimental studies, the authors established the energy efficiency from dividing the electrothermal-mechanical system into heating sections, when each blade is a separate section with its own automatic temperature control of the electric heating cable mounted in the corresponding section, while the consumption of electrical energy is reduced by 27.9%.
Practical value. The results obtained can be used in the design, construction and modernization of biogas production intensification systems, namely, mixing and heating of the substrate in biogas plants. This will improve the energy efficiency of the biogas formation process and the profitability of its processing into heat and electricity.
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Bilardo, Matteo, Lorenzo Comba, Paolo Cornale, Andrea Costantino, and Enrico Fabrizio. "Relation between energy use and indoor thermal environment in animal husbandry: a case study." E3S Web of Conferences 111 (2019): 01042. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201911101042.
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Climate control is of the foremost importance in structures for intensive animal rearing because many animals (e.g. pigs and broilers) tolerate a small range of climate conditions (mainly air temperature and relative humidity) that may differ considerably from the outdoor environment. For this reason, the indoor climate in the majority of structures for animal husbandry is guaranteed by HVAC systems. On the one hand, the use of mechanical systems makes it possible to avoid production risks due to the unpredictability of the outdoor weather conditions and to maximize the feed efficiency, with positive effects on both the animal welfare and farm profit. On the other hand, the use of HVAC entails not negligible thermal and electrical energy consumptions. In literature, few data about the real thermo-hygrometric conditions and energy consumption of animal houses are present. In this work (in the framework of the EPAnHaus – Energy Performance certification of Animal Houses –project), the results obtained from a long-term monitoring campaign in two growing-finishing pig houses are presented. The performed measurements concerned environmental parameters and electrical power that were acquired during two production cycles (warm and cool seasons). For the environmental monitoring, both the buildings were equipped with temperature and relative humidity sensors embedded in portable data loggers (10 minutes logging time) that were placed in various spots inside the houses. Outdoor data were obtained through a weather station located near the test site. Concerning the energy monitoring, power transducers connected to portable data loggers (10 seconds logging time) were placed in the electric panel of each house to log the electrical energy consumptions due to ventilation, lighting and automatic feeding. The acquired data were used for carrying out analysis concerning the indoor thermal environment, its characterization in relation with the animal welfare, the electrical energy uses and the existing relations between all these aspects. The obtained data were used to evaluate the effectiveness of the HVAC system in guaranteeing the adequate indoor climate conditions (avoiding heat/cold stress conditions) and to identify electrical energy uses.
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Xia, Qingchao, Bingzhe Chen, Xiaotong Sun, Canjun Yang, Sheng Zhang, and Yanhu Chen. "Research on the Depth Control Strategy of an Underwater Profiler Driven by a Mixture of Ocean Thermal Energy and Electric Energy." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 10, no. 5 (May 8, 2022): 640. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse10050640.
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Marine resources are rich and contain an enormous amount of energy. The exploration of marine resources and the effective use of ocean energy have gradually become the research focus of scholars all over the world. A profiler driven by ocean thermal energy can monitor the vertical profile of the surrounding sea area for a long time. To realize the levitation at a fixed water depth on the premise of saving energy, in this paper, a new buoyancy regulation system driven by the mixture of ocean thermal energy and electric energy is designed, and a new depth control strategy for the hybrid drive is proposed. Compared with the traditional profiler, the new profiler, in which the main energy required for buoyancy regulation is provided by ocean thermal energy, can reduce electrical energy consumption. Simulations of SMC (sliding mode control) and conventional PID control were conducted, and the results showed that the SMC method has advantages in terms of response speed, overshoot, and energy saving. A lake test was conducted and the results showed that the new control method can make the equipment reach the fixed water depth position; however, due to the complex water flow environment, the precision and stability of the controller need to be improved in the future.
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Li, Liusong, Weichao Jin, Meiyan Shen, Li Yang, Fei Chen, Lei Wang, Chao Zhu, Haiwei Xie, Yating Li, and Tianhan Zhang. "Coordinated Dispatch of Integrated Energy Systems Considering the Differences of Multiple Functional Areas." Applied Sciences 9, no. 10 (May 22, 2019): 2103. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9102103.
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A large amount of wind turbine power and photovoltaic power is abandoned in many areas with abundant renewable energy due to thermal-electric coupling, inadequate local consumption capacity, and limited capacity of transmission lines, etc. To solve the above problems, a coordinated dispatching method for integrated energy systems is proposed in this paper. Firstly, the spatiotemporal characteristics of diversified loads in multiple functional areas are introduced, including the inertia and elasticity of heating/cooling loads, the spatiotemporal distribution of electric vehicles, and the optimum transmission distance of diversified loads, etc. Secondly, a coordinated dispatching model of integrated energy systems is proposed, which considers the differences of multiple functional areas and various forms of energy systems. Finally, an actual distribution system in Jianshan District, Haining, Zhejiang Province of China is investigated for demonstrating the effectiveness of the proposed model. The results illustrate that the proposed model could effectively improve the consumption rate of renewable energy and reduce the volatility of renewable energy by considering the coordination of electric vehicles, tie lines, and heating/cooling systems in multiple functional areas.
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Anselma, Pier Giuseppe, Marco Del Prete, and Giovanni Belingardi. "Battery High Temperature Sensitive Optimization-Based Calibration of Energy and Thermal Management for a Parallel-through-the-Road Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle." Applied Sciences 11, no. 18 (September 16, 2021): 8593. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11188593.
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Preserving high-voltage battery pack lifetime represents a key issue in hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs). Temperature has remarkably major impacts on battery lifetime and implementing HEV thermal and energy management approaches to enhance fuel economy while preserving battery lifetime at various temperatures still represents an open challenge. This paper introduces an optimization driven methodology to tune the parameters of thermal and energy on-board rule-based control approaches of a parallel through-the-road plug-in HEV. Particle swarm optimization is implemented to this end and the calibration objective involves minimizing HEV operative costs concerning energy consumption and battery degradation over the entire vehicle lifetime for various ambient temperatures, driving conditions, payload conditions, and cabin conditioning system states. Numerical models are implemented that can estimate the evolution over time of the state of charge, state of health, and temperature of HEV high-voltage battery packs. Obtained results suggest that the calibrated thermal and energy management strategy tends to reduce pure electric operation as the ambient temperature progressively increases beyond 30 °C. The consequent longer internal combustion engine operation entails a gradual increase in the overall vehicle energy demand. At a 36 °C ambient temperature, the HEV consumes 2.3 times more energy compared with the 15 °C reference value. Moreover, activating the cabin conditioning system seems beneficial for overall plug-in HEV energy consumption at high ambient temperatures. The presented methodology can contribute to easing and accelerating the development process for energy and thermal management systems of HEVs.