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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Consumption (Economics) Australia

Academic literature on the topic 'Consumption (Economics) Australia'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 December 2022

Last updated: 29 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Consumption (Economics) Australia"

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May, Diego, Gabriela Nodari, and Daniel M. Rees. "Wealth and Consumption in Australia." Australian Economic Review 53, no. 1 (February 26, 2020): 105–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-8462.12364.

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Tan, Alvin, and Graham Voss. "Consumption and Wealth in Australia." Economic Record 79, no. 244 (March 2003): 39–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1475-4932.00077.

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Selvanathan, Eliyathamby A., Saroja Selvanathan, Lucille Wong, and Maneka Savithri Jayasinghe. "Modelling Regional Consumption Patterns in Australia*." Economic Record 97, no. 317 (May 18, 2021): 141–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1475-4932.12602.

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BARRETT, GARRY F., THOMAS F. CROSSLEY, and CHRISTOPHER WORSWICK. "Consumption and Income Inequality in Australia." Economic Record 76, no. 233 (June 2000): 116–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4932.2000.tb00011.x.

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Greasley, David, Eoin McLaughlin, Nick Hanley, and Les Oxley. "Australia: a land of missed opportunities?" Environment and Development Economics 22, no. 6 (May 2, 2017): 674–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355770x17000110.

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AbstractComprehensive Investment (CI) may provide an indicator of future changes in a country's per capita consumption. The authors explore the utility of the CI indicator for Australia by constructing CI data since 1861 and by estimating their relationship with changes in future consumption over periods of 50 years ahead. The CI measures include changes in natural, produced and human capital, and make allowance for exogenous technological progress. The results are used to consider how Australia's natural capital exploitation influenced the consumption of future generations. Further, the authors gauge if low CI relative to other leading OECD countries resulted in lower consumption levels in Australia over time than feasible, had it saved more.

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Divisekera, Sarath. "Economics of tourist's consumption behaviour: Some evidence from Australia." Tourism Management 31, no. 5 (October 2010): 629–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2009.07.001.

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OLEKALNS, NILS. "Substitution Between Private and Public Consumption in Australia." Economic Record 65, no. 1 (March 1989): 16–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4932.1989.tb00674.x.

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KIM, DAVID, and JEFFREY SHEEN. "Consumption Risk-Sharing within Australia and with New Zealand." Economic Record 83, no. 260 (March 2007): 46–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4932.2007.00375.x.

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SELVANATHAN, SAROJA. "Regional Consumption Patterns in Australia: A System-Wide Analysis." Economic Record 67, no. 4 (December 1991): 338–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4932.1991.tb02563.x.

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KAKWANI, NANAK, and HYUN H. SON. "ECONOMIES OF SCALE IN HOUSEHOLD CONSUMPTION: WITH APPLICATION TO AUSTRALIA*." Australian Economic Papers 44, no. 2 (June 2005): 134–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8454.2005.00254.x.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Consumption (Economics) Australia"

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Elliott, Jane E. "The colonies clothed : a survey of consumer interests in New South Wales and Victoria, 1787-1887 /." Title page, contents and introduction only, 1988. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phe462.pdf.

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Tolar, Martin. "Satisficing versus optimising behaviour in the non-durable consumption expenditure decision making process : an empirical examination of Australian data for the period 1976(1) - 1994(2) /." [Campbelltown, N.S.W. : The Author], 1995. http://library.uws.edu.au/adt-NUWS/public/adt-NUWS20030703.130007/index.html.

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Collins, Julie. "Ship of Fools." University of Ballarat, 2008. http://innopac.ballarat.edu.au/record=b1508425.

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The Ship of Fools is an ancient allegory that has long been a part of Western culture in literature, art and song... It has been chosen by many to comment on contemporary issues throughout history, highlighting the foibles of that society. The ship of fools however is also about our world, as a vessel, full of passengers of humanity, full of those who have no care what they do or where they are going... It is the 21st Century and we are all sailing on a Ship of Fools. We consume beyond reason, we want, and get the latest, newest, biggest things. We complain about interest rates and petrol prices, but consume beyond reason often with purchases on credit we don't really need.
Master of Arts (Visual Arts)

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Kinrade, Peter. "Sustainable energy in Australia : an analysis of performance and drivers relative to other OECD countries /." Connect to thesis, 2009. http://repository.unimelb.edu.au/10187/3613.

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Temple, Jeromey B. "Older Australians as consumers : the role of selected demographic variables in explaining expenditure on necessities." Phd thesis, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/150738.

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Ofei-Mensah, Albert. "Transaction costs analysis of alternative greenhouse gas policy instruments in the Australian transport energy sector." Phd thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/149839.

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Elliott, Jane E. "The colonies clothed : a survey of consumer interests in New South Wales and Victoria, 1787-1887 / J. Elliott." Thesis, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/18785.

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O'Leary, Eileen. "Optimisation of retirement benefits for Australians." Thesis, 2015. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/28775/.

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Australians have three principal sources for retirement funding - the Age Pension, individual superannuation and individual savings outside of the superannuation umbrella. The Age Pension, a non-contributory payment that, alone, provides only for a modest lifestyle, is means tested for both assets and income, with the provision available to receive either a full or part pension. Most Australians also hold a personal superannuation account into which is contributed a mandatory percentage of labour income, known as the Superannuation Guarantee. These accounts, for which the individual is responsible for the investment strategy and for which the individual bears the risk, can also receive discretionary, tax-advantaged contributions.

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Akmal, Muhammad. "The structure of energy demand in Australia : an econometric investigation with some economic applications." Phd thesis, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/144955.

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Leal, Patrícia Alexandra Hipólito. "How economic growth in Australia reacts to CO2 emissions, fossil fuels and renewable energy consumption." Master's thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.6/9750.

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Australia is one of the ten largest emitters of greenhouse gases but stands out from the others due to its economic growth without recession for twenty-six consecutive years. This paper focuses on the energy-growth nexus and the effects of energy consumption on the environment, in Australia. This analysis is performed using annual data from 1965 to 2015, and the Autoregressive Distributed Lag model. The paper finds empirical evidence of a trade-off between economic growth and Carbon Dioxide (CO2) intensity. The results show that increased Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in Australia, increased investment in Renewable Energy Sources (RES), although the renewable technology is limited and has no impact on reducing CO2 intensity in the long-run. In contrast to investment in RES, fossil fuels, coal and oil, are both decreased by GDP. However, oil consumption increased renewable energy consumption, and this reflects the pervading effect of the growing economy. To achieve environmental targets and continue to grow, Australia should change its energy mix, apply restrictive policies to fossil fuels consumption, and implement energy efficiency measures.
A Austrália é um dos dez maiores emissores de gases efeito de estuda do mundo. Contudo este país destaca-se dos restantes devido ao seu crescimento económico ausente de recessões económicas por vinte e seis anos consecutivos. Este estudo foca-se no nexus consumo de energia e crescimento económico, e no efeito do consumo de energia no meio ambiente, na Austrália. Para a realização do estudo foram utilizados dados anuais de 1965 a 2015 e aplicado o modelo Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL). Esta investigação encontra evidência empírica para o trade-off entre crescimento económico e intensidade de dióxido de carbono (CO2). Além disso, os resultados revelam que um aumento do Produto Interno Bruto (PIB), na Austrália, causa um aumento do investimento em fontes de energia renovável (RES), embora a tecnologia renovável seja limitada e não tenha impacto na redução da intensidade de CO2 no longo-prazo. Contrariamente, com o investimento em RES, os combustíveis fosseis, carvão e petróleo, são reduzidos pelo PIB. No entanto, o consumo de petróleo aumenta o consumo de energia renovável, o que reflete o efeito crescente da economia. Para atingir as metas ambientais e continuar a crescer, a Austrália deve alterar o seu mix de energia, aplicando políticas restritivas ao consumo de combustíveis fósseis e implementar medidas de eficiência energética.

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Books on the topic "Consumption (Economics) Australia"

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1950-, Smart Judith, ed. Consumer Australia: Historical perspectives. Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars, 2010.

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McLean, Ian W. Trends in the composition of consumer expenditure Australia, 1854-1913. Adelaide: University of Adelaide, Dept. of Economics, 1991.

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1954-, Selvanathan E. Antony, ed. Regional consumption patterns: A system-wide approach. Aldershot, Hants, England: Brookfield, Vt., 1994.

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Winton, Leslie. Survey of consumer opinion in Australia. Canberra: Australian Government Publishing Service, 1987.

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Shelf life: Supermarkets and the changing cultures of consumption. Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press, 1998.

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Selvanathan, E. Anthony, and Saroja Selvanathan. Regional Consumption Patterns: A System-Wide Approach. Brookfield (VT), 1995.

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7

Yuen, Wingcheong. Food consumption in rich countries (Discussion paper / Department of Economics, University of Western Australia). Dept. of Economics, University of Western Australia, 1998.

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Srivastava, Pratima Ramful Ramful. Recreational Drug Consumption: An Economic Perspective. Springer, 2016.

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Prices, Victoria Office of, and Victorian Health Promotion Foundation, eds. Does smoking make cents?: An Australian economic study of the relationship between cigarette pricing, consumption, and health costs. Victoria: Office of Prices, 1990.

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Blain, Keisha N., and Tiffany M. Gill, eds. To Turn the Whole World Over. University of Illinois Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5622/illinois/9780252042317.001.0001.

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Black women in the United States and across the African diaspora have historically linked national concerns to global ones. This interdisciplinary collection explores the varied ways black women have engaged in internationalism since the late nineteenth century through political agitation, consumption activities and economic pursuits, leisure and religious practices, as well as performance and artistic expression. The essays in this collection employ diverse and innovative methodological approaches and explore new sites of internationalism, including Australia, Germany, and Spain. By highlighting the range and complexity of black women’s ideas and activities across time and space, this volume expands the contours of black internationalism in the United States and across the globe.

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Book chapters on the topic "Consumption (Economics) Australia"

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Srivastava, Pratima Ramful. "An Overview of Recreational Drug Consumption in Australia." In Developments in Health Economics and Public Policy, 25–44. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-02405-9_3.

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Laskar, Pia. "Pink Porn Economy: Genealogies of Transnational LGBTQ Organising." In Pluralistic Struggles in Gender, Sexuality and Coloniality, 177–207. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-47432-4_7.

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Abstract Studying pre-2000s pink porn magazines reveals the importance of politics in-between in the development of LGBTQ transnational organising in the twentieth century. The usual historical narratives of LGBTQ politics in the North are based on medical or legislative documents or on self-identified queers’ descriptions of their own interactions with these discourses. However, these discourses and data only capture parts of how twentieth-century queers developed sexual subjectivity, became nationally and transnationally organised, and conducted sexual politics. This chapter uses Claire Colebrook’s (Understanding Deleuze. Australia: Allen and Unwin, 2002) feminist engagement in Deleuze’s and Guattari’s concept device to discuss transnational political networks that rhizomatically connected the makers, disseminators and subscribers of male same-sex porn magazines produced in Denmark and Sweden between 1960 and 1980. The concepts enable an analysis of the messy entanglement of desire, subjectivity processes, consumption, organising and activism, and of the shaping of certain queer communities of belonging while also excluding others. The application of gender analysis to the entanglement of pink porn economies in queer transnational networks sheds a genealogical light on the historical division between the emergence of vis-à-vis lesbian and gay networks and politics—and on the tensions between them regarding so-called positive or negative sexual rights in the decades to come.

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Guo, Xiumei, Talia Raphaely, and Dora Marinova. "China's Growing Meat Demands." In Impact of Meat Consumption on Health and Environmental Sustainability, 221–31. IGI Global, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-9553-5.ch011.

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The chapter examines China's growing meat demand and its implications. Australia and China are currently set to expand trade in meat and livestock facilitated by a government negotiated Free Trade Agreement. China is already the world's largest meat consumer and with the increasing consumerism and wealth of its rapidly growing middle and upper class, the demand for animal products is likely to grow. This country's unprecedented appetite for animal proteins has stimulated the Australian livestock and related sectors, potentially enabling vast growth and profitability within these industries. Chinese customers have strong purchasing power and are eager to buy imported frozen and locally slaughtered Australian meat. While Australian farmers are capitalising on these economic opportunities, only the animal welfare sector voices any concern. This chapter highlights the ignored health and environmental costs.

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Wolfram, Paul, and Thomas Wiedmann. "Potentials to decarbonize electricity consumption in Australia." In Environmental and Economic Impacts of Decarbonization, 91–108. Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315225937-5.

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McLean, Ian W. "The Pacific War and the Second Golden Age." In Why Australia Prospered. Princeton University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691154671.003.0008.

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This chapter details how the Second World War imparted a more favorable shock to the economy than the First. The postwar international economic environment was much more conducive to raising incomes than it had been after 1919. In the 1950s, prosperity was further underpinned by the Korean War wool boom, and by an intensification of the process of import substituting industrialization. In further narrowing the focus to civilian consumption, the massive diversion of resources into the defense sector predictably resulted in a decline in consumption expenditure per capita during both wars, but by less during the Second World War. With this caveat, it seems appropriate to describe the Second World War as delivering on balance a positive shock to the Australian economy.

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Saydi, Maryam, and Ian D. Bishop. "Residential Resource Consumption." In New Approaches, Methods, and Tools in Urban E-Planning, 251–87. IGI Global, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-5999-3.ch009.

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Residential energy and water consumption depend on dwelling structure and the behaviour of residents. Aspects of residential behaviour can be derived from census data. Dwelling information is harder to obtain. Using both aerial and street-level views from Google mapping products, exterior dwelling characteristics were captured in each of 40 postal areas in and around Melbourne, Australia. This approach saved the time and cost of travelling to the widely spread suburbs and provided data not otherwise available. The census and dwelling data were compared with resource usage statistics in linear regression models. It was found that energy and water use are highly correlated, with socio-economic variables better explaining water consumption and dwelling structure factors better explaining energy consumption. Nevertheless, the proportions of households that include a couple with children and have a swimming pool provided useful models of variations in both energy and water use. Applications to planning through spatially explicit scenario testing were developed in ArcGIS ModelBuilder.

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Mitchell, Peter. "New Worlds for the Donkey." In The Donkey in Human History. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198749233.003.0013.

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One of the signature historical phenomena of the past 500 years has been the global expansion of European societies and their trans-Atlantic offshoots. The mercantile networks, commercial systems, and empires of conquest and colonization that formed the political and economic framework of that expansion involved the discovery and extraction of new mineral and agricultural resources, the establishment of new infrastructures of transport and communication, and the forcible relocation of millions of people. Another key component was the Columbian Exchange, the multiple transfers of people, animals, plants, and microbes that began even before Columbus, gathered pace after 1492, and were further fuelled as European settlement advanced into Africa, Australasia, and the Indian and Pacific Oceans. Donkeys evolved in the Old World and were confined there until the Columbian Exchange was underway. This chapter explores the introduction of the donkey and the mule to the Americas and, more briefly, to southern Africa and Australia. In keeping with my emphasis on seeking archaeological evidence with which to illuminate the donkey’s story, I omit other aspects of its expansion, such as the trade in animals to French plantations on the Indian Ocean islands of Réunion and Mauritius or, on a much greater scale, India to meet the demands of the British Raj. These examples nevertheless reinforce the argument that mules and donkeys were instrumental in creating and maintaining the structures of economic and political power that Europeans and Euro- Americans wielded in many parts of the globe. From Brazil to the United States, Mexico to Bolivia, Australia to South Africa, they helped directly in processing precious metals and were pivotal in moving gold and silver from mines to centres of consumption. At the same time, they aided the colonization of vast new interiors devoid of navigable rivers, maintained communications over terrain too rugged for wheeled vehicles to pose serious competition, and powered new forms of farming. Their contributions to agriculture and transport were well received by many of the societies that Europeans conquered and their mestizo descendants. However, they also provided opportunities for other Native communities to maintain a degree of independence and identity at and beyond the margins of the European-dominated world.

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Ness, David. "Sustainable Product Service Systems." In Green Technologies, 540–55. IGI Global, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-60960-472-1.ch310.

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This chapter introduces sustainable product service systems (S-PSS) as a means of achieving both forward and reverse supply chain utilization, leading to much improved resource productivity coupled with business and social benefits. It outlines the challenge to enable economic growth, especially in developing countries, with corresponding reduction in consumption of resources, greenhouse emissions, and waste. It is argued that S-PSS can make a significant contribution, not only in greening products, but also in poverty alleviation, employment generation, and social development. An Australian, industrybased product stewardship scheme for used computers is first outlined. The potential for S-PSS to take product stewardship to a new level is then explained, with reference to several Hewlett-Packard case studies and research involving Interface modular carpets. The author hopes that the potential for S-PSS to deliver business and social benefits with less resource use may be recognized, leading to necessary further investigation and research.

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Conference papers on the topic "Consumption (Economics) Australia"

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Anandavel, Lithicka, Ansh Sharma, Naveenkumar S., Suresh Sankaranarayanan, and Anis Salwa Binti Mohd Khairuddin. "Intelligent Demand Forecasting Using Deep Learning." In International Technical Postgraduate Conference 2022. AIJR Publisher, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21467/proceedings.141.7.

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One type of energy demand is the electricity demand, which measures the electricity consumption Wh (watt-hour). Forecasting this electricity demand is very crucial and plays a fundamental role in the electrical industry, as it provides the basis for making decisions in the operation and planning procedures of power systems. Forecasting is important for development experts and are of great interest to energy authorities, power utilities, and private investors. Inaccurate projections can have disastrous social and economic implications, whether they over-or under-predict demand. Supply shortages and forced power outages occur from underestimating demand, wreaking havoc on productivity and economic growth. Overestimating demand can result in overinvestment in generation capacity, financial hardship, and, eventually, higher power costs. This paper has validated several methodologies such as ARIMA, XGBOOST, LSTM and Bi-LSTM towards forecasting the energy demand for different regions of Australia during different season. The models were validated towards energy demand forecasting in terms of error and accuracy resulting in LSTM with 2 layers outperforming the other models.

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Valero, Alicia, Antonio Valero, and Inmaculada Arauzo. "Exergy as an Indicator for Resources Scarcity: The Exergy Loss of Australian Mineral Capital — A Case Study." In ASME 2006 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2006-13654.

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Over the span of the 20th century, the global demand for metals and minerals has increased dramatically. This is associated with a general trend of declining ore grades from most commodities, meaning higher quantities of ore needed to be processed and thus more energy. Hence, quantifying the loss of mineral capital in terms of mass is not enough since it does not take into account the quality of the minerals in the mine. Exergy is a better indicator than mass because it measures at the same time the three features that describe any natural resource: quantity, composition and a particular concentration. For the sake of better understanding the exergy results, they are expressed in tons of Metal equivalent, tMe, which are analogously defined to tons of oil equivalent, toe. The aim of this paper is 1) to show the methodology for obtaining the exergy loss of mineral resources throughout a certain period of time and 2) to apply it to the Australian case. From the available data of production and ore grade trends of Australian mining history, the tons of Metal equivalent lost, the cumulative exergy consumption, the exergy decrease of the economic demonstrated reserves and the estimated years until depletion of the main base-precious metals are provided, namely: for gold, copper nickel, silver lead and zinc.

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GOWSIGA, M., and M. THAYAPARAN. "INCORPORATION OF CIRCULAR ECONOMY CONCEPT TO THE APPAREL INDUSTRY: LITERATURE REVIEW." In 13th International Research Conference - FARU 2020. Faculty of Architecture Research Unit (FARU), University of Moratuwa, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31705/faru.2020.13.

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The apparel industry is one the most foreign exchange earning industries for developing countries. However, it is one of the notable polluting industries in the world too. Additionally, there are numerous factors affecting the economy of the industry, for example COVID 19, and the industry needs to reinvent from those issues by forcing itself to live. Thus, Circular Economy (CE) can act as a potential solution to address the issues related to both environmental and economic factors of the apparel industry. CE is a business strategy to gain economic benefit, minimise environmental impacts and increase the efficiency of resource consumption. CE concept has been practised in various countries such as China, Bangladesh, Europe, Australia and Germany. However, it is still a novel concept in Sri Lanka even though Sri Lankan apparel industry has a solid reputation globally for their high-quality, reliability, lead time, and social accountability. Introducing the CE concept into Sri Lankan apparel industry will help to overcome the financial issues in a sustainable way. With the intention of introducing CE concept to Sri Lankan apparel industry, this paper intends to review the application of CE in global context and in the context of apparel industry, their benefits and challenges in order to further investigate the suitability of CE concept to SL apparel industry. This paper is therefore based on a comprehensive literature review. Hence, it highlights the literature findings on the applicability of CE in apparel industry, its benefits and challenges when adopting CE into apparel industry. This basic finding will aid to assess the possibility of incorporating CE concept within the Sri Lankan apparel industry. The key findings of the research, environmental gain, economic benefit, resource optimisation and collaboration among stakeholders are the key benefits of CE. The main challenges are expensive, advanced technology, measuring the benefits especially financially, lack of support, knowledge, awareness, commitment and leadership, systematic regulation, social and cultural acceptance.

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Karunarathna, T. A. D. C. D., P. Sridarran, and M. Gowsiga. "Electricity generation through municipal solid waste in Sri Lanka: Drivers and barriers." In 10th World Construction Symposium. Building Economics and Management Research Unit (BEMRU), University of Moratuwa, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31705/wcs.2022.34.

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The rapid increase in population and urbanisation has led to an increase in per capita consumption and the generation of waste. Thus, the need of having improved management strategies for Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) has aroused. Waste to Energy (WtE) was a concept that came up as a solution for waste management and as an ideal solution for energy crises as well. WtE is a process of generating energy mainly in terms of electricity and heat by giving MSW as the input where it will become the fuel for this process. Most countries like Denmark, England, Australia, etc. use this as a successful Municipal Solid Waste Management (MSWM) strategy and as a sustainable energy producing mechanism too. But, in Sri Lankan WtE has become unsuccessful in many instances due to the influence of barriers to implementing WtE mega-scale projects. Thus, this study aims to explore existing barriers in light of expanding WtE projects in Sri Lanka. In addition, it proposes strategies to mitigate those barriers. Data was collected through expert interviews and manual content analysis was used for data analysis. Some identified key barriers and strategies in the frame of political, economic, social, technological, legal, and environmental are lack of having government infrastructure, high initial investments, social burdens, lack of technical knowledge on WtE, disposal of bottom and fly ash as barriers and providing infrastructure by the government, introducing debt financing, social awareness, getting foreign technical experts, using bottom ash and fly ash to produce some necessary bi-products as strategies.

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Reports on the topic "Consumption (Economics) Australia"

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Cao, Shoufeng, Uwe Dulleck, Warwick Powell, Charles Turner-Morris, Valeri Natanelov, and Marcus Foth. BeefLedger blockchain-credentialed beef exports to China: Early consumer insights. Queensland University of Technology, May 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/rep.eprints.200267.

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The BeefLedger Export Smart Contracts project is a collaborative research study between BeefLedger Ltd and QUT co-funded by the Food Agility CRC. This project exists to deliver economic value to those involved in the production, export and consumption of Australian beef to China through: (1) reduced information asymmetry; (2) streamlined compliance processes, and; (3) developing and accessing new data-driven value drivers, through the deployment of decentralised ledger technologies and associated governance systems. This report presents early insights from a survey deployed to Chinese consumers in Nov/Dec 2019 exploring attitudes and preferences about blockchain-credentialed beef exports to China. Our results show that most local and foreign consumers were willing to pay more than the reference price for a BeefLedger branded Australian cut and packed Sirloin steak at the same weight. Although considered superior over Chinese processed Australian beef products, the Chinese market were sceptical that the beef they buy was really from Australia, expressing low trust in Australian label and traceability information. Despite lower trust, most survey respondents were willing to pay more for traceability supported Australian beef, potentially because including this information provided an additional sense of safety. Therefore, traceability information should be provided to consumers, as it can add a competitive advantage over products without traceability.

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Cavaille, Charlotte, Federica Liberini, Michela Redoano, Anandi Mani, Vera E. Troeger, Helen Miller, Ioana Marinescu, et al. Which Way Now? Economic Policy after a Decade of Upheaval: A CAGE Policy Report. Edited by Vera E. Troeger. The Social Market Foundation, February 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.31273/978-1-910683-41-5.

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Most, if not all advanced economies have suffered gravely from the 2008 global financial crisis. Growth, productivity, real income and consumption have plunged and inequality, and in some cases poverty, spiked. Some countries, like Germany and Australia, were better able to cope with the consequences but austerity has taken its toll even on the strongest economies. The UK is no exception and the more recent period of economic recovery might be halted or even reversed by the political, economic, and policy uncertainty created by the Brexit referendum. This uncertainty related risk to growth could be even greater if the UK leaves the economic and legal framework provided by the EU. This CAGE policy report offers proposals from different perspectives to answer the overarching question: What is the role of a government in a modern economy after the global financial crisis and the Brexit vote? We report on economic and social challenges in the UK and discuss potential policy responses for the government to consider. Foreword by: Lord O’Donnell of Clapham.

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Lucas, Brian. Behaviour Change Interventions for Energy Efficiency. Institute of Development Studies, September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2022.138.

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Behavioural interventions are policies and programmes that incorporate insights from scientists who study human behaviour (such as psychology and behavioural economics), with the aim of encouraging socially desirable behaviours by removing barriers and creating incentives or disincentives (Cornago, 2021). Very few behavioural interventions for energy efficiency have been documented in Eastern Europe and the Western Balkans, and none in North Macedonia. The limited experience that has been documented in the region consists of a few small trials which used behavioural principles to inform households about approaches to energy conservation, but none of these trials have demonstrated a significant effect on behaviour. Behavioural interventions have been widely used elsewhere in the world, particularly in North America, Western Europe, and Australia, and there are many studies evaluating their impacts in these regions (Andor & Fels, 2018, p. 182). This report focuses primarily on household energy efficiency, and particularly on the most widespread and well-documented interventions, which are those related to providing feedback on energy consumption and labelling consumer goods. Although behavioural interventions have been shown to produce significant impacts and to be cost-effective in many situations, the available evidence has some limitations. Many examples that have been documented are small-scale trials or pilot projects; large-scale, institutionalised policy interventions based on behavioural insights are rare (Users TCP and IEA, 2020, p. 22). In many studies, experiments with small sample sizes and short durations show larger impacts than larger and longer-term studies, suggesting that pilot studies may over-estimate the savings that might be achieved by large-scale programmes (Andor & Fels, 2018, p. 182; Erhardt-Martinez et al., 2010, p. iv). The amount of energy saved by behavioural interventions is often fairly small and varies widely from one programme to another, suggesting that the effectiveness of these interventions may be highly dependent on local context and on details of design and implementation. Finally, many studies rely on participants reporting their intentions, and on hypothetical rather than actual purchasing decisions, and some studies have found a divergence between stated intentions and actual behaviour (Grünig et al., 2010, p. 41; Users TCP and IEA, 2020, pp. 75–76; Yang et al., 2015, pp. 21–22).

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