Dissertations / Theses: 'Consumo critico'

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Cobianchi, Giulia <1992&gt. "Sostenibilità e consumo critico." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/13071.

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La tesi si propone di affrontare come la sostenibilità abbia influenzato il comportamento del consumatore, nel caso l'avesse fatto, e come il consumatore abbia reagito a questo cambiamento nelle sue scelte durante la vita quotidiana. Inoltre si vuole provare ad analizzare il livello di conoscenza del problema per arrivare a capire che tipo di atteggiamento viene, di conseguenza, assunto dal consumatore e perchè. Dopo lo studio della letteratura, in termini metodologici, si andrà a cadere su strumenti come il sondaggio.

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Guzzo, Diana <1995&gt. "Moda sostenibile e consumo critico: la risposta green all'overconsumption del Black Friday." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/17547.

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L’elaborato ha l’obiettivo di illustrare una soluzione alle attuali problematiche ambientali e sociali causate dall'industria della moda, proponendo un’alternativa ad uno degli eventi simbolo del consumismo: il Black Friday. Vengono trattate, in larga parte dal punto di vista sociologico, l’evoluzione della società dei consumi e la critica da parte degli autori, fino alla nascita della sostenibilità. La seconda parte verte sull'analisi della situazione attuale del sistema moda, con particolare attenzione al fast fashion e alle problematiche correlate. A tal proposito, si sceglie di prendere in considerazione il Black Friday perché è un'occasione nella quale vengono esaltate la continua ricerca del nuovo e la corsa verso una felicità effimera. Dopo aver descritto l’evento sia dal punto di vista globale che italiano, viene analizzato il suo lato oscuro, spesso sottovalutato. Si propone quindi la soluzione alle problematiche sopra descritte, con un focus sulla sostenibilità dei tessuti, le certificazioni a questi correlate e la circolarità economica nel settore. La produzione delle aziende di moda sostenibile risulta conforme alla loro scelta di non aderire al Black Friday, o aderire in maniera differente. Si presta particolare attenzione agli enti che partecipano al Green Friday, con il coinvolgimento di due aziende che hanno intrapreso due strade differenti. Infine, viene realizzata una ricerca di tipo quantitativo per analizzare il comportamento dei consumatori in occasione del Black Friday mediante una web survey somministrata a un campione comprensivo di tutte le fasce d’età. L’obiettivo è quello di ottenere informazioni relative alla scelta di partecipare o meno al venerdì nero, agli eventuali acquisti conclusi e all'atteggiamento assunto. C’è poi una sezione relativa a ciò che gli utenti associano alla sostenibilità e alla compatibilità di quest’ultima con il Black Friday. Dopo aver informato i partecipanti in merito alla scelta delle aziende, si analizza la conoscenza relativamente ai progetti green e l’eventuale disponibilità alla rinuncia delle promozioni per sostenere le iniziative. Il tutto sarà utile a confermare o meno quanto ipotizzato nei capitoli precedenti.

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Gagliotta, Carla <1992&gt. "Le nuove tendenze del consumo alimentare: consumo sostenibile e consumo critico. Alternative food networks: il case study del Distretto di Economia Solidale OltreConfin e il progetto Csa Veneto." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/14762.

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L'obiettivo di tale elaborato è approfondire le esperienze di consumo critico e solidale, attraverso l’analisi della diffusione di alternative food network a Treviso e Provincia, tramite la presentazione di un caso studio. Partendo dall’analisi della letteratura sui modelli di consumo alimentare, vengono evidenziati i nuovi trend e le nuove esigenze dei consumatori, focalizzando poi l'attenzione sulle diverse realtà dell'economia solidale. Il lavoro presentato, infatti, è stato svolto con l’obiettivo di indagare i fattori e i valori che motivano la scelta del consumo critico e l’universo degli alternative food networks nel food. Dopo aver definito il Consumo Critico e Solidale e la sua evoluzione storica, sono stati analizzati alcuni degli aspetti che lo caratterizzano come l’agricoltura biologica, i prodotti tipici, il commercio equo-solidale, la filiera corta, per poi approfondire su alcune delle best practies dei food networks: gruppi di acquisto solidale, distretto di economia solidale, comunità che supporta l’agricoltura. Successivamente viene portato, dunque, come caso studio un approfondimento sul Distretto di Economia Solidale OltreConfin e il progetto Csa Veneto, i quali raggruppano al loro interno esponenti del consumo critico, come produttori e consumatori, delineandone storia, principi ispiratori, meccanismi operativi e struttura organizzativa.

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Fabris, Giulia <1991&gt. "Il Consumo Critico e i sistemi di garanzia alternativa. Un'analisi empirica focalizzata sui Gruppi di Acquisto Solidale del Veneto." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/11565.

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Il lavoro presentato è stato svolto con l’obiettivo di indagare i fattori e i valori che motivano l’acquisto di prodotti etici. Partendo dalla definizione di Consumo Critico e della sua evoluzione storica, sono stati approfonditi gli aspetti che lo caratterizzano come l’Agricoltura Biologica, il Commercio Equo-Solidale e la Finanza Etica. Successivamente è stato fatto un approfondimento sui Gruppi di Acquisto Solidale, i quali raggruppano al loro interno esponenti dei Consumo Critico. Per definire i GAS si è passati dalla definizione delle loro regolamentazioni e costituzioni fino ad arrivare a dei casi pratici del Veneto, regione in cui si è concentrato il caso di studio. Dal momento che la presente tesi prevede di identificare le attitudini di un campione di consumatori critici appartenenti ad un GAS nei confronti di prodotti garantiti alternativamente rispetto alla classica certificazione di terza parte, un intero capitolo è dedicato a questo tema. Dopo un breve excursus sulla scelta dei produttori e dei prodotti ci si è focalizzati sul Participatory Guarantee System grazie anche ad alcuni esempi pratici nel Mondo e in Europa (con particolare attenzioni ai casi italiani di CampiAperti e terraTERRA). Sono stati quindi contattati tre GAS rappresentativi che sono stati intervistati attraverso la tecnica del Focus Group. Dopo un’attenta analisi delle interviste ottenute si è passati alla loro interpretazione secondo la metodologia qualitativa della Content Analysis grazia al supporto informatico del software NVivo. I risultati sono poi stati messi a confronto con l’unico studio simile effettuato in Italia (EcoLab) allo scopo di verificarne la coerenza.

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FRATTA, VALERIA. "ECO-LABEL E VANTAGGIO COMPETITIVO: LA RIDUZIONE DELLE ASIMMETRIE INFORMATIVE TRA GLI STAKEHOLDER." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/979.

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L’attenzione verso la sostenibilità ambientale da parte di istituzioni, società civile e imprese, ha condotto alla diffusione di molteplici strumenti utilizzati delle imprese per dimostrare il proprio impegno per ridurre l’impatto ambientale dei propri prodotti e processi. Tra questi spiccano le eco-label, certificazioni di qualità ambientale. Attraverso una ricerca esplorativa questa tesi intende chiarire i meccanismi che regolano la comunicazione tra istituzione, impresa e cliente, quali siano i i gap informativi più rilevanti in tale triangolazione e le aree di intervento su agire per ridurre le asimmetrie informative aumentando l’efficacia dell’eco-label, le imprese come fonte di vantaggio competitivo e i certificatori come sistema di riduzione dell’impatto ambientale. La ricerca multi-metodo condotta conferma un diffuso interesse dei consumatori verso la sostenibilità ambientale e l’intenzione di contribuire attivamente, tuttavia, sottolinea anche l’esistenza di numerosi malfunzionamenti della comunicazione sia da parte delle imprese che da parte degli enti certificatori. Spunti interessanti emergono sulle modalità attraverso cui i consumatori vorrebbero essere informati e sulle loro necessità informative circa le eco-label. Emerge chiaramente la necessità di investimenti di marketing da parte delle istituzioni e, per le imprese, la necessità di integrare l’eco-label nella visione strategica per valorizzarne il potenziale di vantaggio competitivo.
During the last two decades, the interest in environmentally-conscious production and consumption has been considerably increasing. In response to these environmental concerns, a growing number of third-party certified eco-labels has been developed. Through eco-labels companies can demonstrate their commitment in lowering the environmental impact of their products and processes. The aim of this thesis is to provide a better understanding of: 1) the communication mechanisms among issuer, firm and customer; 2) the nature of the main information gaps within this triangulation; 3) the areas of intervention as to reduce the information asymmetries and increase the effectiveness of eco-labels, in terms of competitive advantage for firms and increased beneficial effects on the environment for the issuers. The multi-method explorative research conducted confirms a wide interest towards sustainable consumption issues among consumers and their willingness to actively contribute; although it highlights numerous communication failures involving both firms and issuers. Interesting suggestions emerge about the consumers’ preferred ways to be informed on eco-labels and about their information needs. It also clearly emerges the need for marketing investment from the issuers, and the need of integrating the eco-label in the strategic vision for the firms in order to value its competitive advantage potential.

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FRATTA, VALERIA. "ECO-LABEL E VANTAGGIO COMPETITIVO: LA RIDUZIONE DELLE ASIMMETRIE INFORMATIVE TRA GLI STAKEHOLDER." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/979.

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L’attenzione verso la sostenibilità ambientale da parte di istituzioni, società civile e imprese, ha condotto alla diffusione di molteplici strumenti utilizzati delle imprese per dimostrare il proprio impegno per ridurre l’impatto ambientale dei propri prodotti e processi. Tra questi spiccano le eco-label, certificazioni di qualità ambientale. Attraverso una ricerca esplorativa questa tesi intende chiarire i meccanismi che regolano la comunicazione tra istituzione, impresa e cliente, quali siano i i gap informativi più rilevanti in tale triangolazione e le aree di intervento su agire per ridurre le asimmetrie informative aumentando l’efficacia dell’eco-label, le imprese come fonte di vantaggio competitivo e i certificatori come sistema di riduzione dell’impatto ambientale. La ricerca multi-metodo condotta conferma un diffuso interesse dei consumatori verso la sostenibilità ambientale e l’intenzione di contribuire attivamente, tuttavia, sottolinea anche l’esistenza di numerosi malfunzionamenti della comunicazione sia da parte delle imprese che da parte degli enti certificatori. Spunti interessanti emergono sulle modalità attraverso cui i consumatori vorrebbero essere informati e sulle loro necessità informative circa le eco-label. Emerge chiaramente la necessità di investimenti di marketing da parte delle istituzioni e, per le imprese, la necessità di integrare l’eco-label nella visione strategica per valorizzarne il potenziale di vantaggio competitivo.
During the last two decades, the interest in environmentally-conscious production and consumption has been considerably increasing. In response to these environmental concerns, a growing number of third-party certified eco-labels has been developed. Through eco-labels companies can demonstrate their commitment in lowering the environmental impact of their products and processes. The aim of this thesis is to provide a better understanding of: 1) the communication mechanisms among issuer, firm and customer; 2) the nature of the main information gaps within this triangulation; 3) the areas of intervention as to reduce the information asymmetries and increase the effectiveness of eco-labels, in terms of competitive advantage for firms and increased beneficial effects on the environment for the issuers. The multi-method explorative research conducted confirms a wide interest towards sustainable consumption issues among consumers and their willingness to actively contribute; although it highlights numerous communication failures involving both firms and issuers. Interesting suggestions emerge about the consumers’ preferred ways to be informed on eco-labels and about their information needs. It also clearly emerges the need for marketing investment from the issuers, and the need of integrating the eco-label in the strategic vision for the firms in order to value its competitive advantage potential.

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Friman, Margareta. "Effects of critical incidents on consumer satisfaction /." Göteborg : Elanders Digitaltryck, 2000. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=009186423&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.

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Bhatti, Adrian Patrick. "Duty to consult : quantifying critical incidents, assessing community impact." Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 2016. https://researchportal.port.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/duty-to-consult(ce5a38c4-93ba-4cf0-b526-df6175570401).html.

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How do you acquire the ability to respond proportionately to incidents of community tension? Who should aggregate early warning indicators to identify potential issues? Where is the responsibility for ensuring that emancipatory security practices safeguard tension and promote accurate analysis without subjecting communities to excessive surveillance and control? This thesis demonstrates the sustainability required to create a paradigm shift in the management and application of tension monitoring by the police. Achieved through broadening the current discussions of early warning and tension monitoring, an evaluation and application of a systems based pragmatic approach is presented to address and resolve tension. The method codifies an enhanced multi-criteria risk selection tool, reporting on and triaging incidents, whilst building resiliency through community mobilization. The relevance of security, agency and community has been streamlined through collaborative inquiry enhancing best practice. Communities and stakeholders are integrated into the response, with specific application to Canadian Indigenous and human security issues. The potential for improved situational intelligence and operational decision-making is augmented using heuristic models of analysis. Based on applied systems thinking the research explored the mapping of leverage points to fully consider informed responses to complex situations. The impact of this research is directly relevant to operational policing and non-government organisations that work with Indigenous people and, more broadly, all communities experiencing conflict.

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O'Malley, Lisa. "Relationship marketing in mass consumer markets : a critical review." Thesis, Nottingham Trent University, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.341261.

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Vasconcellos, Mauricio Teixeira Leite de. "Analise critica dos metodos de avaliacao nutricional de populacoes, a partir de dados de consumo familiar de energia." Rio de Janeiro : [s.n.], 2001. http://teses.cict.fiocruz.br/pdf/vasconcmmtld.pdf.

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Silva, Israel Machado da. "Dançando, sentindo, pensando, amando... : o consumo de filmes por críticos de cinema e cinéfilos em Porto Alegre." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/127227.

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Os críticos de cinema são vistos como figuras próximas da elite cultural, gostando de filmes que a maior parte das pessoas não gosta e tendo um gosto que por vezes não se assemelha aos de seus consumidores. Os cinéfilos ou apaixonados por cinema são consumidores vorazes de filmes que buscam estar sempre assistindo uma produção, conversando sobre filmes, buscando informações. Nesse caso discute-se a possibilidade que esses mediadores entre produção e consumo e esses consumidores mais entusiasmados pelo cinema tenham práticas de consumo semelhantes e tenham visão semelhante sobre como apreciar esse produto. Com base em estudos de hierarquização cultural, consumo de cultura popular e de massa, crítica e cinefilia esse estudo busca compreender se os hábitos de consumo de críticos de cinema – considerados pelo Marketing como auxiliares na hora de um consumidor escolher um produto – e dos cinéfilos – consumidores em quantidade e variedade de filmes – compartilham das mesmas visões e se o que caracteriza um grupo caracteriza o outro ou não. Para responder isso fizemos 19 entrevistas em profundidade com críticos e 16 com cinéfilos na região de Porto Alegre. Há bastantes semelhanças na forma como tratam o cinema, em especial com relação à maneira como assistem ao filme e o quanto buscam de informações antes de ver um filme. Os críticos acreditam no seu papel como aumentando a conversa e reflexão sobre um filme, mas entendem que muitas vezes são utilizados como uma fonte de informação sobre o filme. Cinéfilos buscam menos entender de detalhes técnicos e possuem uma visão mais negativa com relação aos grandes lançamentos. Ambos os críticos de cinema e cinéfilos consomem de todos os tipos de filmes, reforçando o consumo onívoro por parte dos mesmos, mas os críticos sabem explicar mais porque veem todos os tipos de filmes. Em linhas gerais, os críticos de cinema precisam saber mais de filmes diversos porque precisam expor esse conhecimento ao passo que cinéfilos podem se aprofundar em um tipo de filme. Ambos os grupos acreditam que possuem uma experiência mais completa e que assistem filmes mais desafiadores do que a maioria das pessoas. Os cinéfilos são mais negativos em falar do tipo de filme que tem grande bilheteria e é apreciado por uma grande parte de espectadores. Por vezes esses cinéfilos consumiam os tipos de filmes mais autorais como forma de mostrar maior capital cultural frente a outras pessoas, mas por muitas vezes não eram capazes de usar esses conhecimentos em suas redes de relacionamentos.
Film critics are many times seen as people close to cultural elite, enjoying movies that most people do not like and cultivating a taste that sometimes does not resemble those of their readers. Film buffs or passionate about film are voracious consumers of films always seeking to watch a motion picture, talking about movies, searching for information. In this paper we discuss the possibility that these mediators between production and consumption and those most enthusiastic consumers have similar cinema consumption practices and have similar views on how to enjoy this product. Drawing upon studies of cultural hierarchy, popular culture, criticism and cinephilia this study has the aim of understanding whether the habits of film critics - considered by Marketing as assistants for a consumer to choose a product - and film buffs or cinephiles - consumers in number and variety of films - share the same visions. To answer these questions we made 20 long interviews with critics and 16 long interviews with inhabitants of Porto Alegre area. There are many similarities in the way they treat the cinema, especially with respect to the way they watch the film and how much information they search before seeing a movie. Critics believe in its role as increasing the conversation and reflection on a movie, but they understand they are often used as an information source about the movie. Cinephiles search less understand technical details and have a more negative view in relation to major releases. Both film critics and cinephiles consume all kinds of movies, reinforcing the omnivorous consumption, but critics can explain more because they see all kinds of movies. In general, film critics need to know more about many films because they need to expose this knowledge while movie buffs can delve into a type of film. Both groups believe they have a richer experience and they watch most challenging films than others moviegoers. Film buffs are more negative in talking about the kind of movie that has big box office and is appreciated by a large number of spectators. Sometimes these cinephiles consumed these auteur movies as a way to show more cultural capital, but often they were not able to use this knowledge in their social networks.

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Kistemann, Júnior Marco Aurélio [UNESP]. "Sobre a produção de significados e a tomada de decisão de indivíduos-consumidores." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/102096.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:31:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-05-02Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:02:12Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 kistemannjunior_ma_dr_rcla.pdf: 2644899 bytes, checksum: 537a54d5d9a06158a855a1e2b5c2d0cb (MD5)
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Esta pesquisa é fruto de questionamentos referentes aos significados produzidos e as tomadas de decisão de indivíduos-consumidores numa sociedade de consumo líquido-moderna. Embasando-nos em pressupostos teóricos da Educação Matemática Crítica de Ole Skovsmose, do Modelo dos Campos Semânticos de Romulo Campos Lins e de modelos da Sociologia, Psicologia e Economia buscamos investigar como os indivíduos-consumidores se comportam e tomam suas decisões quando se deparam com situações de consumo reais, bem como que matemáticas e que modus operandi utilizam em suas decisões, buscando, por meio do que denominamos de Matemacia Financeiro-Econômica, possibilitar outros caminhos na trilha do consumo crítico
This research is the questions result concerning of the meanings produced and decision making of individuals and consumers in a consumer liquid-modern society. Basing in the theoretical framework of Critical Mathematics Education from Ole Skovsmose, Model of Semantic Fields of Romulo Campos Lins and models of sociology, psychology and economics; we investigate how individuals and consumers behave and make decisions when faced with situations actual consumption, as well as mathematical and modus operandi used in their decisions, searching through what we call Financial-Economic Mathemacy, allow for other ways in the critical path of consumption

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SECOMANDI, Alessandro (ORCID:0000-0002-4484-0656). "Carpentier, Consolo, Sciascia, Campbell: conversazione tra letteratura ispanoamericana e siciliana." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Bergamo, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10446/186160.

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Davolio, F. "Produzione, consumo, qualità alimentare: il caso di Slow Food." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/161698.

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This dissertation explores the moralization of food economies, increasingly pursued by civil society organizations and groups in the context of global food markets. This subject is here framed in terms of collective disputes over the cultural politics of food quality. The research is based on the case study of Slow Food, an international Italy-based association that has established itself as a significant, effective and controversial actor on the scene of sustainable consumption advocacy. Drawing on qualitative (interviews with key representatives; publications and speeches; participant observation at organizational events) and quantitative sources (a survey on the demographics and initiatives of the Italian association), this work shows how an economic institution and cultural intermediary such as Slow Food acts towards the moralization of food production and consumption by promoting cultural innovations on alternative food markets on one side, and by mobilizing a specific approach to the concept of food quality – one that relies on environmental, social and sensory virtues – on the public arena on the other. Potential, limits, implications of the Slow Food approach to the cultural economy of food circuits and to the ethics of consumption are determined.

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Kistemann, Júnior Marco Aurélio. "Sobre a produção de significados e a tomada de decisão de indivíduos-consumidores /." Rio Claro : [s.n.], 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/102096.

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Orientador: Romulo Campos Lins
Banca: Amarildo Melchíades da Silva
Banca: César Donizetti Pereira
Banca: Ole Skovsmose
Banca: Pedro Garcia Duarte
Acompanha CD-ROM com anexos
Resumo: Esta pesquisa é fruto de questionamentos referentes aos significados produzidos e as tomadas de decisão de indivíduos-consumidores numa sociedade de consumo líquido-moderna. Embasando-nos em pressupostos teóricos da Educação Matemática Crítica de Ole Skovsmose, do Modelo dos Campos Semânticos de Romulo Campos Lins e de modelos da Sociologia, Psicologia e Economia buscamos investigar como os indivíduos-consumidores se comportam e tomam suas decisões quando se deparam com situações de consumo reais, bem como que matemáticas e que modus operandi utilizam em suas decisões, buscando, por meio do que denominamos de Matemacia Financeiro-Econômica, possibilitar outros caminhos na trilha do consumo crítico
Abstract: This research is the questions result concerning of the meanings produced and decision making of individuals and consumers in a consumer liquid-modern society. Basing in the theoretical framework of Critical Mathematics Education from Ole Skovsmose, Model of Semantic Fields of Romulo Campos Lins and models of sociology, psychology and economics; we investigate how individuals and consumers behave and make decisions when faced with situations actual consumption, as well as mathematical and modus operandi used in their decisions, searching through what we call Financial-Economic Mathemacy, allow for other ways in the critical path of consumption
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Llort, Suárez Antoniu. ""El pájaro está en el nido". Cocaína, cultura y salud: más allá del modelo de adicción. Una etnografía del consumo de cocaína en Reus." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/399306.

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Aquesta investigació es basa en la descripció de les diferents modalitats d'ús de cocaïna i les variables socioculturals que influeixen en la salut de les persones consumidores així com en el manteniment de les seves funcions i relacions socials. S'ha realitzat treball de camp etnogràfic durant 18 mesos a Reus basat en les teories fenomenològiques i de l'interaccionisme simbòlic. També s'han realitzat 32 entrevistes en profunditat a consumidors. Els principals resultats han estat comprendre que la dimensió salut juga un paper molt important en el consum de cocaïna, però principalment pels riscos que implica la il·legalitat i l'estigmatització d'aquesta pràctica. Es proposen dos models d'anàlisi sociocultural del consum de cocaïna, el primer des de la perspectiva fenomenològica i les teories del cos com a objecte social i polític i el segon a partir dels espais de consum identificats, com a llocs que mediatitzen les condicions en què aquests consums es realitzen. Per finalitzar es realitzen propostes concretes de mesures de salut col·lectiva, basades en la formació en matèria de substàncies psicoativas i la creació d'espais d'autoorganització de consumidors i serveis per disminuir riscos i danys mentre es mantingui un mercat il·legal de psicoestimulants.
Esta investigación se basa en la descripción de las diferentes modalidades de uso de cocaína y las variables socioculturales que influyen en la salud de las personas consumidoras así como en el mantenimiento de sus funciones y relaciones sociales. Se ha realizado trabajo de campo etnográfico durante un año y medio en Reus basado en las teorías fenomenológicas y del interaccionismo simbólico. También se han realizado 32 entrevistas en profundidad a consumidores. Los principales resultados han sido comprender que la dimensión salud juega un papel muy importante en el consumo de cocaína, pero principalmente por los riesgos que implica la ilegalidad y la estigmatización de esta práctica. Se proponen dos modelos de análisis sociocultural del consumo de cocaína, el primero desde la perspectiva fenomenológica y las teorías del cuerpo como objeto social y político y el segundo a partir de los espacios de consumo identificados, como lugares que mediatizan las condiciones en que estos consumos se realizan. Para finalizar se realizan cinco propuestas concretas de medidas de salud colectiva, basadas en la formación en materia de sustancias psicoativas y la creación de espacios de autoorganización de consumidores y servicios para disminuir riesgos y daños mientras se mantenga un mercado ilegal de psicoestimulantes.
This research is based on a description of the different modes of cocaine use and the socio-cultural variables affecting the health of consumers and their maintenance of roles and relationships. It follows 18 months ethnographic fieldwork, based on the phenomenological theories of symbolic interaction. This field data is augmented by 32 in-depth interviews with cocaine consumers in Reus. Results of the research indicate that the health considerations plays an important role in cocaine use, but mainly in terms of the risks associated with its illegality and the stigmatisation of this practice. Two models of socio-cultural analysis were used in this study. The first, a phenomenological perspective incorporates social and political theory, and the second examines ‘consumer spaces’: identified as sites that mediate conditions in which people use cocaine. Using these two models of analysis, findings suggest specific proposals in the area of public health. Training and education for both consumers and service providers in all psycho-active substances. Developing opportunities for self-organising among consumers. Partnership between consumers and services towards the reduction of risk associated with psycho-stimulant use. To collaboratively seek to develop proposals towards a regulated market for psycho-stimulants.

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Higgins, Matthew. "Moral engagement : critical theory, ethics and marketing." Thesis, Keele University, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.368979.

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Lorenzini, Giana Carli. "Estudo de fatores críticos de sucesso da gestão de design para inovação em embalagens de consumo." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/75916.

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Agente facilitador da inovação na produção de objetos manufaturados, o design faz parte do discurso de empresas ao redor do mundo. Sua relação com produtos é estreita e cada vez mais necessária nos processos de transformação de conceitos e, sobretudo, experiências de consumo. Por suas múltiplas possibilidades, o design também está habilitado a propor mudanças no artefato que protege, envolve e divulga produtos por todo o globo – as embalagens de consumo. Visto sob o ponto de vista do negócio, o design, porém, amplia seu espectro de atuação, determinado, então, por uma Gestão de Design. Considera-se assim que fatores críticos de sucesso (FCS) da Gestão de Design podem orientar a inovação em embalagens, permitindo também alterações no produto como um todo. Como objetivo geral, estabeleceu-se analisar estes FCS da Gestão de Design para inovação em embalagens, considerando a presença de tais fatores na realidade empresarial e o seu papel na competitividade de produtos de consumo. A fim de alcançar o objetivo geral, foram propostos objetivos específicos, correspondentes aos três artigos que compõem esta dissertação. O primeiro artigo teve como objetivo realizar uma revisão sistemática da literatura, a fim de identificar, genericamente, possíveis FCS a serem gerenciados pelo design para inovação em produtos industrializados. O segundo artigo propôs-se a evidenciar FCS da Gestão de Design para inovação em embalagens de produtos de consumo, através da retomada dos resultados do primeiro artigo e consulta a experts da área. O terceiro artigo, por sua vez, foi elaborado para avaliar o nível de Gestão de Design em empresas e seus FCS para a inovação em embalagens de produtos de consumo rápido. No que se refere aos objetivos, a pesquisa caracterizou-se como exploratória, de natureza aplicada, com abordagem qualitativa do problema devido à necessidade identificada de maior aprofundamento sistematizado sobre o que é de fato crítico em Gestão de Design para que se possa inovar em embalagens de consumo. Os principais resultados mostraram na literatura a valorização do design incorporado ao negócio, extensivo a inovação em produtos, mas ainda pouco evidenciado de modo sistemático em relação a embalagens. Parcerias estratégicas, o gerenciamento de competências de design, a definição de métricas e indicadores e a inovação em conceitos e tecnologia associadas às demandas de mercado foram os FCS encontrados para a Gestão de Design. Considerando estes FCS, os especialistas consultados reforçaram a importância de se planejar o desenvolvimento de produtos e embalagens conjuntamente. Nos estudos de caso, isso se revelou essencial às empresas que lidam com produtos de consumo rápido, diferenciáveis através das embalagens. Os conceitos teóricos de uma Gestão de Design holística, porém, não puderam ser identificados integralmente nas empresas analisadas, nas quais foi percebido uma valorização da Gestão de Design em nível de projeto, mas não em nível corporativo.
As a facilitating agent of innovation in the production of manufactured objects, the design is part of the companies’ discourse around the world. Its relationship with products is narrow and increasingly necessary in the transformation processes of concepts and especially consumer experiences. For its multiple possibilities, the design is also entitled to propose changes in the artifact that protects, promotes and engages products across the globe – the consumer packaging. Viewed from the standpoint of business, the design, however, extends its spectrum of activity, determined then by Design Management. It is therefore considered that the critical success factors (CSF) of Design Management can drive innovation in packaging, allowing changes in the product as a whole. As an overall objective, it was settled to analyze these CSF Management Design for innovation in packaging, considering the presence of such factors on the business reality and their role in the competitiveness of consumer products. In order to achieve the main objective, specific objectives were also proposed, corresponding to the three papers that comprise this dissertation. The first paper aimed to conduct a systematic review of the literature in order to identify, generically, possible CFS to be managed by design for innovation in industrial products. The second one proposed to highlight the CSF of Design Management for innovation in packaging of consumer products through the resumption of the main findings of the first paper and the consultation of experts in the field. The third paper, in its turn, was created to assess the level of Design Management in companies and their CSF for innovation in packaging of fast moving consumer goods. Regarding to the objectives, the research was characterized as exploratory with an applied nature and a qualitative approach to the problem, due to the identified need for a depth understanding of what is actually critical in Design Management in order to make the innovation possible in consumer packaging. The main results showed the appreciation of literature concerning to design incorporated to business and product innovation, but hardly systematized on packaging innovation. The establishment of strategic partnerships, the management of design skills, the definition of metrics and indicators, and the innovation related to technology, market demands and new concepts were found as the most important CSF for Design Management. Considering such CSF, the experts consulted reinforced the importance of planning the development of products and packages together. It was proved to be essential to companies dealing with fast moving consumer goods, differentiable through their packaging. The theoretical concepts of a holistic Design Management, however, could not be fully identified in the companies assessed, where it was identified an appreciation of the design management applied to a project level but not in a corporate level.

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Sigmon, Matt. "Consumer Goods?" Digital Archive @ GSU, 2009. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/art_design_theses/44.

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The purpose of this thesis is to extrapolate through research the conceptual underpinnings of a body of artwork created by Matt Sigmon. The thesis explains the work in relation to art historical references to readymade art and the dilemmas that arise when fine art is compared to consumer commodities.

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Lorentino, Sérgio Augusto Pereira. "Elementos fundamentais para uma teoria própria dos contratos de consumo." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11612/507.

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O trabalho batizado como Elementos fundamentais para uma teoria própria dos contratos de consumo é uma tese apresentada ao Programa de Doutorado em Direito Privado, da Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais – PUC Minas e que almeja comprovar a impropriedade de utilização da figura do negócio jurídico para disciplinar os contratos de consumo. Valendo-se de uma revisão bibliográfica e jurisprudencial, a pesquisa parte da observação de que a teoria do negócio jurídico, atualmente vigente no Brasil, apesar de ter logrado diversos avanços após a Constituição Federal e no início do século XXI, especialmente com o advento do Código Civil de 2002, que a fizeram mais sociabilizada, ainda permanece lastreada na atuação da liberdade do sujeito, o qual, em sendo detentor de autonomia, pode decidir por celebrar ou não celebrar contratos, assim como moldar o conteúdo desses, disso decorrendo valor jurídico-obrigacional. Entretanto, o estudo da sociedade de consumo demonstra que, na verdade, a lógica da liberdade não pode ser aplicada às relações de consumo, especialmente ao consumidor, pois este não atua no mercado guiado pelo poder da autonomia, mas sim pela necessidade que demonstrar ter em relação aos produtos e serviços necessários a uma vida digna. Por isso, tanto a Teoria do Negócio Jurídico quanto a Teoria Geral dos Contratos são tidas como inapropriadas para a tarefa de regência dos contratos de consumo. Consequentemente, é apontada a necessidade de uma teoria própria capaz de reconhecê-lo como fenômeno distinto dos contratos privados em geral e que, a partir disso, desenvolva mecanismos jurídicos ligados às suas peculiaridades. Um paradigma importante, nesse sentido, é o estudo das relações contratuais de fato, decorrentes de comportamentos sociais típicos, que oferecem reflexões importantes sobre o comportamento do consumidor em situações como a do tráfego massificado de determinados serviços. Dessa forma, são ofertados elementos fundamentais para a construção da Teoria dos Contratos de Consumo, assentados na pressuposição do contrato de consumo como promotor de funcionalidade humanizadora e constitucional, que resulta, por fim, em uma definição do contrato de consumo, dotado-o de singularidades capazes de diferenciá-lo do contrato lato sensu de que cuida o Direito Privado.
This research named Fundamental elements for an proper theory of consume contracts is the thesis presented to the PhD Program in Private Law, at Pontifícia Universidade Católica of Minas Gerais - PUC Minas. It aims at confirming the impropriety of using the “legal business” to discipline the consumer contracts. Drown on a bibliographic and jurisprudential review, the research is based on the observation that the current Brazilian legal business theory, although being developed after the Federal Constitution, and in the beginning of 21st century, is still supported by the subject’s freedom of actuation, who, as the titleholder of the autonomy, is able to decide for celebrating or not the contracts, as well as shape their content, deriving from this the juridical obligational value. Nevertheless, the study of consumer society shows that, actually, the logic of freedom cannot be applied to consumer relations, especially to the consumer, because he does not act in a market guided by the autonomy power, but by the necessity of showing relation to the products and services needed for a worthy life. Because of that, both, the legal business and contracts’ general theory, is considered inappropriate for ruling consumer contracts. Consequently, the need of a proper theory, capable of recognizing consumer contracts as a distinct phenomenon of the private contracts in general, is presented. In addition, legal mechanisms connected to its peculiarities are shown. An important paradigm, in this sense, is the study of fact contractual relations, due to their typical social behavior, that offers important reflections about the consumer’s behavior on situations like the massive traffic of certain services. In this way, some fundamental elements for creating consumer contracts are approached, based on the presupposition of the consumer contract as the promoter of a human and constitutional functionality, which results, at the end, in a definition of consumer contract, giving it a single capacity of making it different from the lato sensu contract, which is approached by private law.

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Wachter, N. (Nikola). "Consumer eduction in the “New Times”:a critical discourse analysis of a policy for consumer education in Germany (2013)." Master's thesis, University of Oulu, 2014. http://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:oulu-201405161425.

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The interest in consumer education by international organizations as well as the German government has dramatically increased throughout the last ten years. At the same time the critical voices regarding the negative implications of consumption as a dominant cultural practice are getting louder. Here, the current economic consumption discourse as well as consumer education is argued to be colored by the neo-liberal ideology that contributes to social and environmental exploitation. As such critical research suggests that there is a need to engage more critically with the current promotion of consumer education that is predominantly educating students to function within the neo-liberal system instead of challenging it for the sake of collective well-being. Specifically for the German context different NGOs (foodwatch, LobbyControl) have pointed out to how the current promotion of consumer education in Germany is colored by economic argumentation. The objective of this qualitative study was to question and challenge the hegemonic ways of thinking about consumption and consumer education and to contribute to a more critical discussion of consumer education and its implications for the society. As social transformations are increasingly manifested through and visible in discourse in the ‘new times’ this study, therefore, analysed a policy for consumer education as a product of the ‘new times’ that was published in 2013 in Germany. The goal was to investigate which discourses the policy is drawing from, how they are worked together in the policy and whether the text is doing ideological work in terms of sustaining the current economization of society. The two main research questions were: 1. What discourses are included into the policy for consumer education and how are they ordered? 2. Does the text do ideological work in terms of working towards the stabilization and spread of neo-liberalism and consumerism? The study was conducted using Fairclough’s approach to Critical Discourse Analysis that draws from postmodern, poststructuralist as well as neo-marxist theories. It combines critical social science with sociolinguisticcs and as such offered a suitable framework for critically studying the policy text. By applying this methodological framework it was possible to combine the analysis of language, discourse and the social environment which are considered to be dialogically related to each other. This research showed that the education policy text draws on the neo-liberal, social-democrat and critical consumption discourse where it could be determined that the neo-liberal discourse is dominant and marginalizes the other discourses. Furthermore, it could be shown how the policy text fosters ideological transformation by partially promoting an education that works towards the spread of neo-liberal ideology. This ideological work is majorly achieved through fostering a lack of imagination and acceptance of current changes instead of offering view-points that also challenge the current transformations in society. As a result the policy fosters a consumer education that educates students to function within the system instead of drawing from the critical pedagogy discourse that calls for emancipation and empowerment for the sake of collective well-being. However, the policy is not entirely dedicated to the neo-liberal project and together with the insights from this research gives space for a more critical interpretation and implementation.

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Luna, Sánchez Verónica, Uyehara Manuel Felipe Kishimoto, Mateo Everth Jesús Martell, and Roman Allan Salvador Trigoso. "Modelo de gestión de riesgos empresariales en una organización de distribución de productos de consumo masivo." Master's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/652386.

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La gestión de riesgos empresariales es el componente estratégico y esencial que permite implementar acciones para evitar incumplimientos en los objetivos de las organizaciones, Gutierrez (2018). No es común encontrar un sistema de gestión de riesgos en empresas de distribución de productos de consumo masivo. Es por ello que el presente trabajo de investigación desarrolla un modelo de gestión de riesgos empresariales para una empresa de distribución de productos de consumo masivo. En la investigación se analizan diversos modelos de gestión de riesgos y se plantea un modelo simplificado alineado a las necesidades de los Gerentes Generales de empresas de este rubro, el cual ha sido elaborado considerando la opinión de líderes estratégicos de empresa de distribución de productos de consumo masivo. En el trabajo de investigación se concluye que el modelo de gestión de riesgos empresariales debe incluir la conformación de un comité de gestión de riesgos, la identificación de los procesos críticos a tomar en cuenta de acuerdo al impacto de los mismos en los resultados de la empresa, el análisis e identificación de riesgos, y en base a todo ello se plantean controles y mecanismos de monitoreo. El modelo incluye matrices para valoración de riesgos en base a impacto y probabilidad, un inventario de riesgos, así como propuestas para su control o mitigación. Al desplegar este modelo se pudo identificar riesgos intolerables y altos y luego de proponer controles se identificó que al aplicarse mitigaran el impacto o la probabilidad de ocurrencia del riesgo pasando a tener riesgos calificados como moderados o bajos. Se incluye una estimación de los costos de implementación del modelo, considerando recursos propios y externos, tomando en consideración la información de la empresa caso de estudio. Se obtiene como resultado que el costo de la implementación representaría aproximadamente el 0.06% de la facturación anual.
Business risk management is the strategic and essential factor that enables action to be implemented to avoid breaches of organizations' objectives. It is not common to find a risk management system in mass-consumer product distribution companies. That is why this research paper develops a business risk management model for a mass-consumption product distribution company. The research analyses various risk management models and proposes a simplified model aligned to the needs of the CEOs of the companies in this field, which has been developed, taking into account the opinion of strategic leaders of the company distributing mass consumer products. The research paper concludes that the business risk management model should include the formation of a risk management committee, the identification of critical processes to be considered according to their impact on company results, risk analysis, and identification. Based on this, monitoring controls and mechanisms are proposed. The model includes matrices for risk assessment based on impact and probability, a risk inventory, as well as proposals for control or mitigation. By deploying this model, it was possible to identify intolerable and high risks, and after proposing controls, it was identified that when applied, they mitigated the impact or likelihood of risk occurrence by becoming risks rated moderate or low. An estimate of the costs of implementing the model is included, considering own and external resources, considering the company's case study information. The results in the cost of implementation represent approximately 0.06% of annual billing.
Trabajo de investigación

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23

Rome, Alexandra Serra. "Critical account of ideology in consumer culture : the commodification of a social movement." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/23657.

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The study of ideology has long interested sociologists and consumer researchers alike. Much consumption research has approached ideology from various macro, meso, and micro levels of analysis. However, many studies fail to address the dialogical interplay among these three levels of analysis when examining how ideology manifests in, and interacts with, consumer identity projects. Many consumption-based studies examining ideology provide descriptive and normative accounts, affording practices of consumption emancipatory potential. In response, this research adopts a critical marketing perspective in order to draw out the macro and political implications of meso cultural production systems and micro consumption experiences and identity projects. Focusing on the contemporary American feminist movement, and on discourses around sex and sexuality, it explores how hegemonic (patriarchal) and counterhegemonic (feminist) ideologies are communicated in the marketplace, through the media, to understand their role in regard to consumers’ lived experiences and interactions with advertisements. Working within the consumer culture theory tradition, this thesis employed a variant of phenomenological interviewing that explored female emerging adults’ sexual narratives and their interpretations of sexualized ads. By generating data on a specific type of experience, inferences were drawn about how young women experience and relate to the contemporary feminist movement. In total, 14 American women, aged 20 to 31, were interviewed twice and also created media collages of what they considered ‘sexy’. Implementing a multi-step hermeneutic analysis, the data were analyzed through an iterative process, moving back and forth between the idiographic cases and theory. Through multiple iterations, micro, meso, and macro level inferences were made. This study suggests that young women foster diverse and temporary identifications with feminism in the pursuit of two, often overlapping, goals: ontological security and status. This results in a micro process of ‘ideological shifting’, which has depoliticizing effects, insofar as (anti-) feminist brands and identities were readily appropriated and discarded depending on specific contexts and situations. Thus, contrary to much work in the consumer culture theory tradition, which presents consumption as having transgressive and liberating effects, this study finds that while the young women had the power to dialogically interact with marketized (meso level) ideologies that constitute the marketplace, they failed to intercept the macro level processes of marketization and commodification and consequently did not challenge the hegemonic (patriarchal) ideology at large. In adopting a critical perspective, this study offers valuable insight into the relationship between ideology and consumer behavior. Ideology is shown to be disseminated via hegemonic processes of commodification and marketization. Because these processes occur at a macro level, counterhegemonic ideologies are hegemonized and subsequently depoliticized before even reaching the consumer on a micro level. By examining ideology across all three levels, this study finds that consumer agency is largely relegated to the realm of the marketplace, where consumers’ dialogical interactions and consumption practices do not challenge the macro ideologies or oppression at large, but merely alter their marketplace expressions.

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VAZ, Lucyana Galindo Arcoverde. "Efeito do consumo agudo de cafeína na capacidade anaeróbia quantificada pelos principais métodos de estimativa." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2016. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/17771.

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Submitted by Fabio Sobreira Campos da Costa (fabio.sobreira@ufpe.br) on 2016-08-31T14:27:00Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Dissertação Mestrado LUCYANA GALINDO ARCOVERDE VAZ.pdf: 1541733 bytes, checksum: 075c4e7b9b3f5f39a8de2b68a1df2f24 (MD5)
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CAPEs
A ação ergogênica da cafeína sobre a capacidade anaeróbia (CAN) está relacionada à melhora do desempenho. Entretanto, os estudos que investigaram o efeito da cafeína sobre a capacidade anaeróbia utilizaram apenas o máximo déficit acumulado de oxigênio (MAOD) como método de estimativa. Avaliar o efeito do consumo agudo de cafeína sobre a CAN estimada através dos principais métodos de estimativa, MAOD, potência crítica (ponto de intercepção y da função trabalho/tempo), fase rápida de recuperação do consumo de oxigênio + concentração de lactato (3 compartimentos) e eficiência mecânica grossa (EF), que por apresentarem medidas representativas da CAN, detectam igualmente os possíveis efeitos do consumo agudo de cafeína sobre o metabolismo anaeróbio. Nove participantes realizaram um teste incremental no cicloergômetro para determinação do primeiro limiar ventilatório (LV1) e do consumo máximo de oxigênio (VO2máx). A partir da carga referente ao LV1 foram calculadas a carga de aquecimento (90% do LV1), e as cargas dos testes experimentais. Foram doze testes experimentais, sendo seis com cafeína e seis placebo, em um desenho duplo-cego, contrabalanceado e controlado por placebo. A contribuição anaeróbia foi calculada pelos principais métodos de estimativa. Os achados mostraram que os métodos não detectam a mesma medida de CAN, logo, eles não são equivalentes na estimativa. Em relação ao efeito da cafeína sobre a estimativa sim, não houve diferença entre cafeína e placebo, exceto MAOD, que teve uma medida mais alta na situação cafeína. Além disso, não houve diferença no tempo de exaustão entre cafeína e placebo na carga supramáxima. Os métodos de estimativa não são equivalentes, eles não apresentam a mesma medida da CAN. A cafeína influenciou um dos métodos, MAOD, e isso levou a uma superestimativa da medida, quando corrigido pela estimativa do placebo, não apresentou mais diferença. Além disso, a cafeína não promoveu melhora no desempenho na carga supramáxima.
The caffeine ergogenic action on anaerobic capacity (AC) is related to performance’s improvement. However, some studies used only the maximal accumulated oxygen deficit (MAOD) as estimative method to investigate the effect of caffeine on anaerobic capacity. Evaluate the effect of acute caffeine consumption over the estimated AC through the main estimative methods, MAOD, critical power (interception point y work function/time), fast recovery phase of oxygen consumption + lactate concentration (3 compartments) and gross mechanical efficiency (GME), which by presenting representative measures of AC also detect the possible effects of acute caffeine consumption on the anaerobic metabolism. Nine participants performed an incremental test on a cycle ergometer to determine the first ventilatory threshold (VT1) and the maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max). From VT1 power output were calculated warm up load (90% of VT1), and the loads of the experimental trials. Twelve experimental trails were performed, being six after caffeine and six after placebo in a double-blind, placebo-controlled and counterbalanced design. AC was calculated by main estimative methods. The findings of the present study showed that AC was not detected similarly by the estimative methods, which might assume that they are not equivalent in the estimative. However, MAOD was higher in after caffeine ingestion when compared to placebo. There were no differences between trials in the other estimative methods. In addition, the time to exhaustion was not different between caffeine and placebo in supramaximal exercise. The estimative methods are not equivalent to measure AC. However, caffeine influenced MAOD, which probably overestimate the measurement. However, when corrected by the placebo estimative, no differences between trials was observed. Furthermore, caffeine was not efficient to improve the performance at supramaximal exercise.

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Chausse, Roman. "A comparative and critical discussion of the redress available to consumers by consumer courts in terms of the Consumer Protection Act 68 of 2008." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/26584.

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The fundamental consumer rights granted to consumers by the Consumer Protection Act 68 of 2008 (hereinafter referred to as the CPA) would be without meaning if no avenues of redress were available to enforce them. The National Consumer Commission as well as the National Consumer Tribunal and the consumer courts will enforce the Act. One of the more central and important aims of the CPA (section 69) is to ensure that an aggrieved consumer has access to redress, this also being one of the European Union’s consumer protection rights. The CPA therefore empowers the consumer by setting out redress options where a consumer believes that his or her right has been infringed. There is a wide range of options available to consumers if they have a complaint in terms of the CPA. Sections 68 to 76, which are found in Chapter 3 Part A to C, are the provisions that deal with the protection of Consumer Rights. In terms of the CPA, consumers are not obliged to approach the supplier against whom they have a complaint before first going somewhere else. In terms of section 69 of the Act, the category of persons listed in section 4(1) can enforce a right in terms of the Act or in terms of a transaction or agreement, or resolve a dispute with a supplier by: Referring the matter directly to the National Consumer Tribunal; referring the matter to the applicable recognised ombud with jurisdiction over the supplier and if the matter does not concern the supplier contemplated in s 69(b), referring the matter to the applicable accredited industry ombud with jurisdiction. The consumer may also apply to the relevant consumer court of the province with jurisdiction (subject to the provincial legislation governing it). A dispute may also be referred to an alternative dispute agent, filing a complaint with the National Consumer Commission or approaching a court with jurisdiction over the matter (only when all the other remedies available to that person in terms of national legislation have been exhausted). The main focus of the research will be the role of consumer courts in particular and their possible enforcement and execution shortcomings. The consumer courts are regulated on a national level in terms of the CPA and on provincial level in terms of provincial legislation of the various provinces. I will illustrate these shortcomings in a discussion of two relevant cases. A short discussion of the other options available to the consumers for redress in terms of the CPA will also be included. Other avenues of redress that will briefly be discussed are complaints lodged to the National Consumer Tribunal, the National Consumer Commission and alternative dispute resolution. Since the CPA became fully effective on the 31 of March 2011 and is more in line with international trends in consumer protection law, a short comparative study is necessary. I will be looking at the consumer law in Scotland, which is affected, by the UK consumer law in the United Kingdom.
Dissertation (LLM)--University of Pretoria, 2012.
Mercantile Law
unrestricted

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Hoeger, Ivonne. "Men hate it, women love it? : a critical examination of shopping as a gendered activity." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10036/92361.

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This thesis aims to investigate whether shopping is still a gendered activity in the 21st century. Past research in a number of social science disciplines with a focus on consumer affairs indicated that traditionally shopping was part of the woman’s domain and therefore it was seen as an activity only women engaged in. More current research has however suggested that shopping is no longer just a female activity, and asked for more research to be conducted into both male and female consumer behaviour. The present thesis focuses on recreational shopping and attempts to address the issue of male and female consumer behaviour by means of a multi-method approach. Chapter 1 summarises the background literature and provides the rationale for the research conducted in this thesis. Chapter 2 focuses on the methodological issues relating to the present studies provides a justification of each methodological approach used. Chapters 3 to 6 present the empirical work carried out for this thesis and Chapter 7 presents the conclusions drawn from the research carried out. In Chapter 3 we present an investigation of participants’ (27 men and 71 women) written accounts of past (good and bad) and ideal shopping experiences using thematic analysis. The findings show that women report higher overall shopping enjoyment than men, which is in agreement with previous research results. However, men and women describe similar obstacles and negative experiences that deter them from participating or wanting to participate in shopping activities, and they exhibit similar motivations when thinking about shopping. In contrast, all descriptions of ideal shopping experiences were highly idiosyncratic. The study presented in Chapter 4 explores the relationship between product involvement and shopping enjoyment. One hundred and seventy-four participants (69 men and 102 women) responded to an online questionnaire, which measured attitudes towards shopping in general and shopping in a high involvement situation. As in the previous study, the results showed that overall women reported much higher general shopping enjoyment than men. But when product involvement was high men reported a more positive attitude toward shopping than when just rating shopping in general. This suggests that the issue of gender differences in shopping enjoyment needed to be investigated further and that a more fine-grained approach to research in this area was required to explore the differences and similarities in the way that men and women approach this activity. In Chapter 5 we investigate potential differences and similarities in men and women’s conceptions of shopping. The first study in this chapter asked participants to list types of shopping or shopping activities as they came to mind and the second study utilised a free-sort task. Surprisingly, the results from the Chi-Square analysis of Study 3 and EXTREE and INDSCAL analysis of Study 4 showed that there are very few significant differences in how men and women view shopping. Thus, it seems both sexes appear to think about shopping in very similar (if not the same) ways. In order to address this question in more depth, the study presented in Chapter 6 took a different methodological approach. Here, a focus group study was carried out to explore what lies behind men and women’s conceptions of shopping. Three groups (N=19) of first year undergraduate students participated in focus groups and discussed what they thought and felt about shopping. Results showed that perceptions of what shopping is are very strong even amongst this group of young consumers. Finally, the results are reviewed in Chapter 7 together with their implications, limitations of the present research and possible future directions.

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Cheng, Yin Ling Christabel. "Store environment as a critical determinant of consumers' behavior : the case of supermarkets in Shanghai." HKBU Institutional Repository, 1998. http://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/247.

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Davis, Alexander. "The Reagan Administration as the Origin of the Shift from Citizen to Consumer Building in American Education." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/36715.

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Current American education is comprised of and influenced by a myriad of complex legislative, technological, and cultural representations of consumption, however this historic-educational study specifically examines how the Reagan administration discursively initiated the consumerizing educational framework. While existing research studies the neoliberal implications on education, this study addresses the neoliberal reforms under President Reagan within the discursive paradigm of its consumerizing impact. By using Critical Discourse Analysis on a selection of Presidential proclamations, speeches, and national educational reports, this study examines and elucidates how the Reagan administration created the consumerizing framework for American education. The Reagan administration distinguished American education from its predecessors as prioritizing the consuming potential of students, while simultaneously situating education as a commodity. The Reagan administration discursively positioned education as a commodity by implementing the free market values of competition and choice. Through Reagan’s encouragement of corporate involvement and rewarding the tenacity of business initiatives in education, American education transitioned from a democratic ideal to a market-oriented institution. This was specifically accomplished through positioning Reagan’s predecessors as misguided and situating Reagan as a rescuer, while legitimating the reforms as adhering to the American spirit. Similarly, business was presented as embodying the essence of the American spirit and being a rejuvenating force. Choice and competition were recontextualized from their economic purpose and recommended as a new form of educational governance. By understanding the results through the lens of some Frankfurt School thinkers and expanding on Bowles and Gintis’ educational theory, this study argues that Reagan’s reforms embodied a physical consumerizing aspect and an interactional consumerizing facet as necessary for the economy of post-industrial America.

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Carvalho, Claudio Bezerra de. "Avaliação critica do planejamento energetico de longo prazo no Brasil, com enfase no tratamento das incertezas e descentralização do processo." [s.n.], 2005. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/264571.

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Orientador: Sergio Valdir Bajay
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecanica
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Resumo: Este trabalho traz uma avaliação critica do planejamento energético de longo prazo realizado no Pais nos últimos anos e aponta tanto para a necessidade de uma melhor integração entre as atividades de planejamento energético, elaboração de políticas públicas e regulação dos mercados de energia, como para uma premente descentralização do processo de planejamento. Como resultados desta análise e com base em experiências bem sucedidas no exterior, são propostos avanços metodológicos para a elaboração de futuras projeções e o desenvolvimento de um modelo integrado de projeção da demanda e da oferta de energéticos. Como a aplicação de tal modelo está vinculada à utilização de uma base de dados ampla e consistente, é proposto o desenvolvimento de um sistema nacional de informações energéticas, integrado a um sistema de informações executivas, cujo objetivo é servir de suporte para as atividades desenvolvidas pelo Ministério de Minas e Energia. Discute-se os vários métodos de tratamento das incertezas nos modelos energéticos, com destaques para a elaboração de cenários alternativos de desenvolvimento e para o uso da técnica Delphi de levantamento de opiniões de especialistas. Monta-se, por fim, à guisa de um estudo de caso que visa contribuir para o necessário processo de descentralização do planejamento energético no País, cenários alternativos de desenvolvimento para a projeção da demanda energética do Estado da Bahia, de uma forma concatenada com cenários semelhantes no âmbito nacional
Abstract: This work brings a critical evaluation of the long-term energy planning carried out in the country in the last years, pointing out both for the need of a better integration of the activities concerning energy planning, policy making and regulation of energy markets, and for an urgent decentralization of the planning process. As results of this analysis and based on successful experiences abroad,methodological advances are proposed for the elaboration of future forecasts, together with the development of an integrated model for forecasting energy demand and supply. As the application of such a model requires a broad and consistent data basis, setting up a national system of energy information is proposed, integrated to a system of executive information, aimed to support the activities of the Ministry of Mines and Energy. The several methods for treating uncertainties in energy modeling are discussed, with emphasis on the elaboration of alternative development scenarios and the use of the Delphi technique for collecting and processing the opinions of specialists. At the end, alternative development scenarios for forecasting the energy demand in the State of Bahia, linked to similar scenarios at the national level, are elaborated, as a study case aimed to contribute for the necessary decentralization process of energy planning in the country
Doutorado
Planejamento de Sistemas Energeticos
Doutor em Planejamento de Sistemas Energéticos

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Corfee, Floraidh A. "Mental health and intensive care: A critical analysis." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2019. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/126393/1/Floraidh_Corfee_Thesis.pdf.

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This research addressed the social othering and positioning of mental health consumers in Australian society. Using a critical lens, the study explored the accounts of nurses caring for mental health consumers in intensive care. Interpretations of the accounts of interactions between nurses and consumers in this context brought focus to the ways in which nurses exercise legitimated power and privilege. It is hoped that the research will prompt critical reflection on the inherent structural power inequities in healthcare facilities and that political awareness of oppression and disenfranchisement of mental health consumers can be fostered among nurses as a professional group.

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Strydom, Zinta. "A critical analysis of strict product liability in South Africa." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/25110.

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The goal of this dissertation is to highlight the ambiguities contained in section 61 of the Consumer Protection Act 68 of 2008 (CPA), which attempts to introduce strict product liability for the entire supply chain in the event of product failure, and to propose amendments from which both the consumer as well as the supply chain could benefit. The new dispensation of strict product liability will lead to a step away from the no-fault based liability system that our courts have implemented for decades. Although this system is unfamiliar to South Africa, strict liability regimes have been followed in foreign countries for a considerable period of time. A comparative study of the approaches followed in America and Europe, which both advanced strict product liability regimes, will be undertaken in this study in order to illuminate problematic aspects relating to the concept of defect contained in section 61 of the CPA as well as the various duties of the supply chain in a strict product liability regime. It is argued that the provisions of the CPA ought to be supplemented with regulations, including, but not limited to, the implementation of adequate safety regulations to mitigate product recalls and product liability claims.
Dissertation (LLM)--University of Pretoria, 2012.
Mercantile Law
unrestricted

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McLean, R. "Consumer knowledge, empowerment and the internet : critical research into the provision and use of eCommerce." Thesis, University of Salford, 2005. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/26810/.

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From a Critical Social Theory (CST) perspective this research critiques assumptions that the internet brings about consumer empowerment through increased product information. and opportunities to communicate and share knowledge with companies and other consumers. It demonstrates that this assumption derives from the technologically determinist school of Information Systems (IS) thinkingt,:ý w hich is 9 rounded in the myth that technology pet- se brings huge benefits, including wealth and empowerment. Illustrating that information systems development traditionally lacks a sense of "audience" failing to provide what the users want, it suggests that this phenomenon merits more sophisticated consideration of not only the technology, but also of eCommerce providers and users. The research demonstrates that complex phenomena such as that under study here require a multi-method approach to explore the range of voices or relevant perspectives of the stakeholders. A lens for reviewing the power relations governing the construction and use of consumer knowledge is developed and applied. The knowledge construction lens is used to review the synthesized findings from the multi-method assessment to reveal how congruence is connected to extant power relations, and positions those findings in the context of information provider / user relationships. Drawing on both theories of hermeneutics and serniotics the phenomenon is initially explored from the perspective of both companies and customers through questionnaires and reviews of commercial websites. This phase of the research sets the scene for a series of twenty-two in depth interviews with individual consumers to explore their experiences of using the internet in commercial activity. The research concludes that vast incongruity in the needs and values of customers and companies exists. Consumer empowerment remains a myth. Ingrained company / customer power relations distort communication and prevent 'true' empowerment. In the shadow of company power. customer inertia and feelings of powerlessness remain strong. Ultimately this serves companies well as increased buyer power continues to be regarded as a threat to competitive advantage.

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Bennett, Ian D. "A critical evaluation of service failure and recovery in UK hotels from the consumer perspective." Thesis, University of Salford, 2011. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/26578/.

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Few, if any, organisations can deliver 'zero defects' service to customers. The management of both complaints about service failure and the recovery strategies employed when critical incidents occur is therefore important because of its actual impact on consumer satisfaction and subsequent behaviour. The effectiveness of service failure management is dependent on a clear understanding of consumer reactions to service failure, recovery strategies, and the interrelationship between them with respect to the salience of service attributes and the concepts of 'blame attribution' and 'perceived justice'. The thesis focuses on service failure and recovery strategies within the UK hotel sector. It reviews the pertinent literature and reports the findings from two e-based questionnaires which examined service quality, service failure and recovery from the consumers' perspective. It is different from previous empirical work in this subject area because in contrast to both the large majority of published research on service quality and all previous empirical work on service failure and recovery, the conceptual framework is not based on the traditional expectancy-(dis)confirmation paradigm (where consumers evaluate a service by comparing pre-consumption expectations with actual performance). Instead, the research problem has been contextualised using service quality importance and performance constructs as predictors of consumer satisfaction and loyalty. The study also uses real critical incidents rather than the simulated service failure scenarios used by previous researchers. The analysis of service failure and recovery is therefore embedded in the context of the consumers' perceived importance of service attributes. It was hypothesised that the perceived importance of service attributes that fail ceteris paribus would significantly influence consumer reaction to the failure, the perceived effectiveness of recovery strategies and, in turn, the outcome of critical incidents with respect to overall satisfaction and loyalty. Therefore, whilst the 'performance-only' approach is now generally regarded as the most effective model in terms of its superior predictive validity over 'importance-performance' models (performance weighted by importance) in studies of consumer satisfaction with service providers, in the particular context of service failure and recovery, it was hypothesised and subsequently confirmed that the 'performance weighted by importance' model has greater predictive validity. The results are compared with those found in previous research and the contribution of the thesis to the academic literature are discussed. The implications of the findings for service managers are also evaluated.

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Calkins, David Richard. "YouTube is the New Tube: Identity, Power, and Creator-Consumer Relationships in a New Culture (Cottage) Industry." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/64174.

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YouTube is a new kind of media, offering new ways to search for meaning and identity in the digital information age. In this study, I explore how the struggle to establish meaning and identity is played out in this new cultural space, centering on amateur creators as they navigate tensions and test semiotic relationships with their productions online. I first situate YouTube within a larger context of cultural criticism that sees meaning as socially negotiated by consumers as active participants with cultural productions. I then discuss television as a cultural force and the effects of a new digital territory for these forces. By grounding my discussion in an understanding of media ecology that assumes a more varied and diverse collection of available cultural material will yield a healthier media ecology and thus healthier cultural subjects, I argue that YouTube is a positive intensification of television because it allows more viewers to participate in and more importantly participate in this media system. I then use two particular YouTube creators (Philip DeFranco and Hannah Hart) to demonstrate how these ideas are articulated in practice and how this process is not without its own problems.
Master of Arts

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PATTI, Valeria. "Modelli di consumo del lusso e sviluppo della moda delle élites tra Spagna e Sicilia (XVI-XVII secolo)." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Palermo, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10447/521993.

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La tesi di dottorato analizza il consumo del lusso, con particolare attenzione al fenomeno della moda in quanto strumento di identificazione e distinzione sociale, da parte dell’élite economiche, politiche e amministrative della Spagna asburgica ivi compresa la realtà siciliana in età moderna. Il processo di nobilitazione - indicato genericamente dalla storiografia mediante il termine aristocratizzazione -, che ha investito la Spagna tra il XVI e il XVIII secolo - ha interessato soggetti la cui ascesa sociale è resa possibile anche dall’ingente impiego di mezzi economici, fenomeno che è andato di pari passo con l’elaborazione di sofisticati meccanismi di visibilità e riconoscimento circa la nuova posizione acquisita in società. Tutto ciò è fortemente legato anche al fenomeno della patrimonializzazione di beni e funzioni pubbliche, contestualmente avviatosi in Spagna, coinvolgendo la figura del sovrano quanto i singoli privati. Si assiste dunque ad una notevole ascesa sociale, congiuntamente alla continua ricerca di forme e modi per mantenere le posizioni sociali delle casate più antiche, legittimando anche quelle di nuova fondazione. Un dato certo risiede nello sproporzionato aumento quantitativo dei titoli concessi durante tutta l’età moderna - Dai monarchi cattolici, fino alla prima metà del Diciannovesimo secolo con Fernando VII - con picchi che oscillano in particolari momenti storici e in alcune zone della Spagna. Un mutamento di tale portata non poteva certamente passare inosservato ai contemporanei o avvenire senza scontri ed estremi tentativi di resistenza da parte delle vecchie oligarchie; in un primo momento, sono ancora queste, infatti, a controllare l’accesso alle più importati posizioni a corte, respingendo spesso i tentativi di intrusione dei nuovi arrivati. Per conto loro, quest’ultimi, erano disposti a pagare cifre anche molto alte pur di accedere a posizioni sociali più elevate, dunque in seno alle élite di potere, non prima di essersi adeguati alle loro abitudini e maniere, mescolandosi e in alcuni casi mimetizzandosi con essi. Ma accedere a una posizione privilegiata, in questo caso alla classe nobiliare o in generale superiore, non basta, è necessario mantenerla rendendola visibilmente manifesta, attraverso strumenti appropriati che rispettino, possibilmente, una rigorosa corrispondenza tra rango e forma. Basti pensare come, in questo senso, la cultura barocca fosse, principalmente, visuale in cui non è tanto importate concettualizzare l’immagine, ma far passare il concetto attraverso l’immagine, e se il principio è valido soprattutto quando si parla delle espressioni artistiche dell’epoca, esso vale anche per le manifestazioni sociali, come la politica, la morale, la religione etc. Per la stesura della tesi ci si è avvalsi dell’utilizzo, di numerose fonti archivistiche e il vasto complesso di fonti figurative che hanno evidenziato come il consumo del lusso e la moda, non siano per le categorie sociali in esame, nobiltà o togati, una semplice opzione, ma più esattamente un obbligo imposto dal loro status. Esso è strettamente legato ai concetti di decoro e onore, che, in questo caso, richiedono una correlazione immediata tra essere e apparire, in relazione ad altri membri dello stesso gruppo o in relazione a componenti esterni. L’analisi dettagliata del fenomeno è resa possibile grazie ad alcuni cambiamenti che, all’inizio del Cinquecento, travolgono gli ambienti domestici, rendendo gli inventari carichi di un numero sempre più grande e più variegato di oggetti legati alla sfera personale, accumulati nelle case. Così, moltissime famiglie o singole persone iniziano a registrare i propri acquisti. In questo modo i beni descritti negli elenchi notarili, pochi o molti che siano, diventano lo specchio dei loro proprietari, della molteplicità dei bisogni e gusti di chi li ha posseduti, simboli della loro ricchezza o della loro scarsa agiatezza, lasciando tracce e informazioni sulla società alla quale appartenevano uomini e donne che quegli oggetti hanno posseduto e infine tramandato.

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SANTOS, Daniel Castro. "Consumo e ideologia: uma an?lise cr?tica do discurso de pe?as publicit?rias no Facebook de uma marca de cerveja brasileira." Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, 2016. https://tede.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/jspui/2018.

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The objective of this research is to analyze what the ideological discourse of the linked advertising on social networking site Facebook, a Brazilian beer brand. In seeking to achieve this goal, it was possible to question about the relations of power, which in this context are related to the way that an alcoholic beverage demand advertising set up on the receiving audience. If dealing with a product that can cause addiction, social problems and be consumed by an underage audience, it is very important to understand what discursive strategies are employed by the brand. For theoretical foundation was made a literature review about advertising & advertising, online social media, consumer, discourse and ideology. The sources were obtained through desk research of qualitative nature, which lasted two years and six months, starting in January 2013 and ending in June 2015. The research corpus was composed of advertisements with more tanned in each semester , distributed through institutional page of Skol beer brand on Facebook, which totaled ten ads compounds for image and text multimodality. For ideology of identification were categorized eight discursive objects that make up three discursive formations, which are: positioning, educating consumers and consumption as entertainment. The analysis method was Discourse Critical Analysis focused on three-dimensional model of discourse proposed by Fairclough (2001), along with multimodal analysis Machin & Mayr (2012). The results suggest that the Skol beer brand, seeks to sustain consumerism speech order, or market ideology.
O objetivo desta pesquisa consiste em analisar qual o discurso ideol?gico da publicidade vinculada no site de rede social Facebook, de uma marca de cerveja brasileira. Ao buscar alcan?ar esse objetivo, foi poss?vel problematizar sobre as rela??es de poder, que neste contexto est?o relacionadas aos sentidos que uma publicidade de bebida alco?lica procura instaurar no p?blico receptor. Se tratando de um produto que pode causar depend?ncia, problemas sociais e ser consumido por um p?blico menor de idade, ? de grande import?ncia entender quais estrat?gias discursivas s?o empregadas pela marca. Para fundamenta??o te?rica foi feita uma revis?o da literatura sobre publicidade & propaganda, m?dias sociais online, consumo, discurso e ideologia. As fontes foram obtidas por meio de pesquisa documental de cunho qualitativo, que abrangeu dois anos e seis meses, iniciando em Janeiro de 2013 e terminando em Junho de 2015. O corpus de pesquisa foi composto pelas pe?as publicit?rias com maior n?mero de curtidas em cada semestre, distribu?da atrav?s da p?gina institucional da marca de cerveja Skol no Facebook, o que totalizou dez an?ncios compostos pela multimodalidade de imagem e texto. Para identifica??o da ideologia foram categorizados oito objetos discursivos que comp?em tr?s forma??es discursivas, que s?o: posicionamento, educando o consumidor e consumo como entretenimento. O m?todo de an?lise foi a An?lise Cr?tica de Discurso com enfoque no modelo tridimensional de discurso proposto por Fairclough (2001), junto a an?lise multimodal de Machin & Mayr (2012). Os resultados obtidos sugerem, que a marca de cerveja Skol, procura sustentar a ordem do discurso do consumismo.

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Campos, André Bernardo. "Investigando como a educação financeira crítica pode contribuir para tomada de decisões de consumo de jovens-indivíduos-consumidores (JIC'S)." Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, 2013. https://repositorio.ufjf.br/jspui/handle/ufjf/1157.

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Esta pesquisa, de cunho qualitativo, tem como eixo central a Educação Financeira. Nosso estudo tem como objetivo investigar a produção de significados para os resíduos de enunciação de estudantes do Ensino Médio em relação às situaçõesproblemas financeiras apresentadas. Partindo de um projeto de extensão universitária, propomos situações-problemas e discussões sobre o tema, buscando provocar reflexões, bem como oferecer acesso a informações para a tomada de decisões de consumo. Para tal, fundamentamo-nos nas ideias da Educação Matemática Crítica de Ole Skovsmose e do Modelo dos Campos Semânticos de Romulo Campos Lins. Nossa pesquisa ainda revelou uma considerável necessidade de se implementar ações junto aos estudantes, de forma a contribuir para a formação de cidadãos financeira e criticamente educados. E, para que isso se concretize, apresentamos um Curso de Extensão de Educação Financeira como produto educacional.
This qualitative research has as central axis to Financial Education. Our study aims to investigate the production of meanings to waste the enunciation of high school students in relation to financial problem situations presented. Starting from a university extension project, we propose problem situations and discussions on the topic, seeking to provoke reflections, as well as provide access to information for making consumption decisions. To this end, we have considered the ideas of Critical Mathematics Education from Ole Skovsmose and of Model of Semantic Fields of Romulo Campos Lins. Our research has also revealed a considerable need to implement actions with students, to contribute to the formation of educated citizens financially and critically. Finally, we present an Extension Course of Financial Education as educational product.

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Major, Bridget. "The UK 'grey' market overseas package holiday experience : a critical evaluation of consumer and management perspectives." Thesis, Northumbria University, 2012. http://nrl.northumbria.ac.uk/13336/.

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Ashley, Natasha Lynne. "Critical success factors for multinational enterprises operating in the fast moving consumer goods industry in Nigeria." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/65484.

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Due to market saturation and the attractive opportunities offered by globalisation, increasing numbers of multinational enterprises (MNEs) are expanding into Africa. Nigeria, in particular, is perceived as one of the most opportune markets in the story of “Africa rising” and is home to Africa’s biggest economy and population. Accordingly, several MNEs have attempted to gain market share in the fast moving consumer goods (FMCG) industry in Nigeria. Yet, it is evident that the external environment is unstable and challenging. Although there are laws and policies in place to encourage foreign investment, the external environment of Nigeria is not always conducive to international business operations. MNEs face challenges of corruption and political uncertainty, the liability of foreignness, challenges from local competition, and infrastructure deficiencies. This has led to the failure of several MNEs; however, others have managed to thrive, even in the current economic recession. From this, the primary research question was derived as; what are the CSFs for MNEs operating in the fast moving consumer goods industry in Nigeria? Upon further investigation, there has been no academic research conducted on the CSFs for MNEs operating in the FMCG industry in Nigeria. Therefore, this dissertation sought to vaddress this knowledge gap by asking two secondary research questions: what are the strategic CSFs for MNEs operating in the FMCG industry in Nigeria and what are the operational CSFs for MNEs operating in the FMCG industry in Nigeria? A generic qualitative research approach was employed and thirteen semi-structured interviews with senior managers from MNEs operating in Nigeria were conducted. The unit of analysis was MNEs operating in the FMCG industry in Nigeria and included retail and manufacturing MNEs. Based on the interviews, nineteen strategic CSFs and six operational CSFs were identified. From these, it was evident that understanding the external environment, understanding and meeting the needs of the consumers, and building strong relationships were the most significant SCSFs. Whereas, producing quality products, ensuring efficient distribution and back-up supplies of water and power were vital OCSFs. This study brought to light some of the harsh realities of operating in Nigeria as well as the potential to be successful. Using the existing literature and the advice provided by the participants, this study has numerous implications for future and current managers, as well as the Nigerian government and academics. This study contributes to the body of knowledge about CSFs and sheds light on a topic not previously written about.
Dissertation (MCom)--University of Pretoria, 2017.
Business Management
MCom
Unrestricted

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Keeffe, Dominique Alexi. "Consumer misbehaviour during professional service encounters." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2010. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/43700/1/Dominique_Keeffe_Thesis.pdf.

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To date, consumer behaviour research is still over-focused on the functional rather than the dysfunctional. Both empirical and anecdotal evidence suggest that service organisations are burdened with the concept of consumer sovereignty, while consumers freely flout the ‘rules’ of social exchange and behave in deviant and dysfunctional ways. Further, the current scope of consumer misbehaviour research suggests that the phenomenon has principally been studied in the context of economically-focused exchange. This limits our current understanding of consumer misbehaviour to service encounters that are more transactional than relational in nature. Consequently, this thesis takes a Social Exchange approach to consumer misbehaviour and reports a three-stage multi-method study that examined the nature and antecedents of consumer misbehaviour in professional services. It addresses the following broad research question: What is the nature of consumer misbehaviour during professional service encounters? Study One initially explored the nature of consumer misbehaviour in professional service encounters using critical incident technique (CIT) within 38 semi-structured in-depth interviews. The study was designed to develop a better understanding of what constitutes consumer misbehaviour from a service provider’s perspective. Once the nature of consumer misbehaviour had been qualified, Study Two focused on developing and refining calibrated items that formed Guttman-like scales for two consumer misbehaviour constructs: one for the most theoretically-central type of consumer misbehaviour identified in Study One (i.e. refusal to participate) and one for the most well-theorised and salient type of consumer misbehaviour (i.e. verbal abuse) identified in Study One to afford a comparison. This study used Rasch modelling to investigate whether it was possible to calibrate the escalating severity of a series of decontextualised behavioural descriptors in a valid and reliable manner. Creating scales of calibrated items that capture the variation in severity of different types of consumer misbehaviour identified in Study One allowed for a more valid and reliable investigation of the antecedents of such behaviour. Lastly, Study Three utilised an experimental design to investigate three key antecedents of consumer misbehaviour: (1) the perceived quality of the service encounter [drawn from Fullerton and Punj’s (1993) model of aberrant consumer behaviour], (2) the violation of consumers’ perceptions of justice and equity [drawn from Rousseau’s (1989) Psychological Contract Theory], and (3) consumers’ affective responses to exchange [drawn from Weiss and Cropanzano’s (1996) Affective Events Theory]. Investigating three key antecedents of consumer misbehaviour confirmed the newly-developed understanding of the nature of consumer misbehaviour during professional service encounters. Combined, the results of the three studies suggest that consumer misbehaviour is characteristically different within professional services. The most salient and theoretically-central behaviours can be measured using increasingly severe decontextualised behavioural descriptors. Further, increasingly severe forms of consumer misbehaviour are likely to occur as a response to consumer anger at low levels of interpersonal service quality. These findings have a range of key implications for both marketing theory and practice.

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Buttweiler, Brittney Lee. "Because We Have the Power to Choose: A Critical Analysis of the Rhetorical Strategies Used in Merck's Gardasil Campaign." The University of Montana, 2009. http://etd.lib.umt.edu/theses/available/etd-06042009-132650/.

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In June of 2006, Merck gained FDA approval for Gardasil, a human papillomavirus vaccine. Shortly before, Merck also launched a large campaign to advertise the vaccine, which has continued through today. Because of the vast number of women the vaccine has the potential to affect, the product has become socially significant. Therefore, this study examines the Gardasil campaign and how it is persuasive. More specifically, this paper studies the rhetorical appeals Merck uses and explores the ethical strengths and limitations of the advertisements. The study explores how the Gardasil campaign blends elements of an informative Campaign with an advertising campaign, and the implications of doing so. Finally, based on Mercks blended campaign, this study makes suggestions for future blended campaigns.

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Kunkwenzu, Esthery D. "Critical competencies for effective teaching : perceptions of home economics teachers." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 1997. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/918.

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Home economics is a multi-faceted, inter-disciplinary, integrated field of study drawing from a multitude of disciplines including sociology, psychology, anthropology, chemistry, physics, architecture and the arts (Henry, 1995). As a school subject, home economics in Malawi is taught at primary school, secondary school as well as at university level. This study explores home economics teachers' perceptions of competencies critical for teaching the subject. Data was collected from secondary school home economics teachers in Malawi. The study is a qualitative investigation of how experienced teachers describe effective teaching of the integrated home economics syllabus, and what they perceive as critical competencies for meeting the goals and objectives of the course. The research design included interviews, Observations and discussions of curriculum and teaching documents. Using the ETHNOGRAPH computer program, the data was analysed to identify significant patterns of meaning and behaviour which related to the teaching of home economics in Malawi. This study noted that home economics teaching in Malawi was faced with problems resulting from the conditions in the environmental context of the schools, These problems did not only affect teaching performance, but also the way teachers perceived competent practice. The findings of this stud) provide useful information to extend the understanding of the nature of home economics teaching in Malawi. The information can be useful for the planning of more effective preservice and inscrvice teacher education programs and for the development of curriculum support materials.

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Staples, Charles John Gilfillan. "Identifying critical success factors for customer satisfaction in the interior and exterior plantscaping industries." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/49696.

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Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2001.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: A business cannot exist without a customer. The most important aspect of any business is understanding its customers' needs. For a business to succeed in highly competitive markets, it must supply products an~ services which satisfy its customers needs and wants. Supplier firms must continually examine, reinforce and personalise customer relationships. Customer Relationship Management (CRM) focuses on providing solutions which brings together information and people across the client and service provider spectrum using computer technologies, especially the Internet. The growing demand for electronic interactions between customers and suppliers has led to the rapid development of CRM. Although e-Commerce is expected to become the norm in business activities, people-to-people interactions will, however, be most important in providing exceptional customer service and satisfaction. In future, however, business will be defined more by their relationships with their clients than by their products. Good customer relationships and customer satisfaction are directly related to increased profits. Satisfaction is generally conceptualised as an attitude-like judgement following a purchase act. Conformation or disconformation of pre-consumption product standards is the essential determinant of satisfaction. A number of models have been developed to enhance the understanding of satisfaction and to predict if a product or service will meet or exceed customer expectations. As a result of the many different attributes that contribute to customer satisfaction, models to predict customer satisfaction were often too simplistic to provide a comprehensive overview of all determinants that exert an influence AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: 'n Besigheid kan nie sonder kliënte bestaan nie. Die mees belangrike aspek van enigge besigheid is om sy kliënt se behoeftes te verstaan. Vir 'n besigheid om te oorleef in hoogs mededingende markte, moet dit produkte en dienste lewer wat aan die kliënt se behoefstes voorsien. Verskafferfirmas moet deurgans kliëntverhoudinge ondersoek, ondersteun en verpersoonlik. Kliëntverhoudingbestuur fokus op die verskaffing van oplossings wat inligting en mense dwarsoor die kliënt en diensverskafferspektrum verenig deur middel van rekenaartegnologie. Veral met die internet, het die groeiende behoefte vir elektroniese interaksie tussen kliënte en verskaffers gelei tot die vinnige ontwikkeling van kliëntverhoudingbestuur. Alhoewel verwag word dat e-handel die rigsnoer sal word in besigheid, sal mense-tot-mense interaksie egter mees belangrik bly in die verskaffing van uitstaande kliëntediens en bevrediging. Besighede sal dus gedefinieer word meer deur hulle verhouding met kliënte as deur hulle produkte. Daar is bevind dat goeie kliëntverhoudinge en kliëntbevrediging regstreeks verband hou met meer wins. Bevrediging word in die algemeen beskou as 'n benadering-tipe oordeel wat volg op 'n aankoopaksie. Bevestiging of ontkenning van voor-gebruik produkstandaarde is die noodsaaklike beslissende faktor van bevrediging. 'n Aantal modelle is ontwikkel om bevrediging beter te verstaan en te voorspel of 'n produk of diens kliëntverwagtinge bevredig of oortref. As gevolg van die menige verskillende einskappe wat bydra tot kliëntbevrediging, was modelle wat kliëntbevrediging voorspel dikwels te eenvoudig om 'n vattieende oorsig van alle beslissende faktore wat 'n invloed op kliëntbevrediging uitoefen, weer te gee. Dit word, nogtans, erken dat die klient die sleutelfiguur is in die lewering van voortdurende en winsgewinde groei. Die vinninge ontwikkeling van die Inligting Tegnologie (IT) is dus 'n vername faktor wat strukrag verleen aan die vinnige ontwikkeling van kliëntverhoudingbestuur, wat fokus op begrip vir die dryfkrag agter huidiger en toekomstige kliëntwinsgewindheid, en hierdie insig te gebruik om toewysing van hulpbronne dwarsoor alle spektrums wat kliëntverhoudings beïnvloed. In die toekoms sal kliëntverhoudingsbestuur 'n diepgaande invloed hê op die manier waarop besigheid gedoen word deur verskaffers in staat te stel om hulle kliënte vinniger en meer effektief te bereik met produkte en dienste. Nietemin, die konvensionele bemarkingsbeginsels wat produk, prys, verspreiding en reklame insluit en gebruik word om 'n bemarkingstrategie te ontwikkel, geld steeds, en is alles deel van die kliëntverhoudingbestuurproses. Die doel van die studieprojek was om die kritiese sukses faktore (KSF) te identifiseer wat kliëntbevrediging in die binne en buitemuurse plantuitlegindustrië bepaal. Daarna was The Office Plant (TOP) en Real Landscapes (RL) geevalueer in terme van kliëntverwagtinge met betrekking tot binne en buite produkte en dienste onderskeidelik. Opvallende aspekte van die navorsing se bevindinge het gewys dat mense wat in 'n kantooromgewing werk, gedink het dat plante noodsaaklike faktore was in die verbetering van die werkplek; kliënte het plantuitlegdienste uitgekontrakteer om die 'kommerfaktor' wat geassosieer word met die instandhouding van plante en tuine te verminder; dat kliënte waarde vir geld kry van hulle plantuitlegkontrakteurs onderskeidelik en dat die mees belangrike maatstaf vir die keuse van 'n plantuitlegkontrakteur "prys en waarde vir geld vir die diens" en "goei kwaliteit diens' insluit. Van 22 diensverwante eienskappe wat deur kliënte geëvalueer is, is bevind dat 20 statisties ewe belangrik was, en is geklassifiseer as KSF. In terme van rangskikking was die mees belangrikke eienskap "eerlik en professioneel in hulle sakeondernemings". Daarna volg "fink reaksie op versoeke", "netheid van plante", "stiptelike leweringsdiens", en "goed ingeligte en opgeleide personeel" onder die vyf hoogs aangeskrewe eienskappe. Algehele resultate het getoon dat geeneen van die sewe binnemuurse plantuitleërs wat in die opname geidentifiseer is, kliëntverwagtings in terme van diens geewenaar of oortref het nie. Vir buitemuurse plantuitlegdienste was Plants @ Work die enigste van ses firmas wat geïdentifiseer is in die opname, wat aan kliëntverwagtings voldoen het. Plant @ Work is geïdentifiseer as die beste diensleweraar vir beide binnemuurse en buitemuurse plantuitlegdienste. Vir binnemuurse plantuitlegdienste, was TOP se resultate nie beduidend anders as Plants @ Work s'n nie. RL se resultate was nietemin beduidend laer as Plants @ Work vir buitemuurse plantuitlegdienste. Om diensvlakke te verbeter om kliëntverwagtinge te bevredig, moet TOP en RL strategieë ontwikkel en verwesenlik om stiptelike diens te lewer met omvattende eerste keer aflewering wat volledig is. Probleme moet opgelos word ongeag wat, en administratiewe probleme in verband met fakturering moet effektief hanteer word. TOP en RL moet kliëntwaarde skep deur 'n kliëntervaring" met elke ontmoeting.

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Carvalho, Júnior Eurípedes Ferreira de. "A cidadania na prateleira: uma leitura crítica da influência midiática do fantástico na ressignificação dos direitos sociais." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2018. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/8461.

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This work tries to discuss in the current society the relations of citizenship and consumption. They are understood through a critical discourse analysis of the media from a reading of the television show Fantástico and its apparent pro-citizen discourse. By weakening conventional social spheres of society such as family, school, and religion, social values are being appropriated more effectively by media channels. As a new arena for the debate on civil, political and social rights, television, through the publicizing of the desires, ambitions and frustrations of individuals, has been guiding the "adequate" way for social relations and reaffirming the concept of citizenship. Thus contributing to the transfer of the collective social relations of citizenship in individual acquisition and consumption processes for its constituent items - health, education, security, justice, transportation and leisure. The locus and the time stamp for this work are the TV show "Fantastic - the show of life" of Rede Globo, studied throughout the year 2016. Through a critical analysis of the discourse it was verified how the media built a shelf exhibition of desires to be consumed symbolically and materially by citizens-consumers. The objective was therefore to analyze how the discourse of the program was given when talking about citizen themes and whether this discourse was enlightening for citizenship, whether or not it was effective for the construction of "being citizen" in Brazilian society.
Este trabalho procura discutir na sociedade atual as relações de cidadania e consumo. Sendo compreendidas por meio de uma análise de discurso crítica da mídia a partir de uma leitura do programa televisivo Fantástico e seu aparente discurso pró-cidadão. Pelo enfraquecimento das esferas sociais convencionais da sociedade como a família, a escola e a religião, os valores sociais estão sendo apropriados mais efetivamente pelos canais midiáticos. Como uma nova arena para o debate sobre os direitos civis, políticos e sociais, a televisão, por intermédio da publicização de desejos, ambições e frustrações dos indivíduos, vem pautando o modo “adequado” para as relações sociais e ressignificando o conceito de cidadania. Desta forma contribuindo para a transferência das relações sociais coletivas da cidadania em processos de aquisição e consumo individuais para seus itens constitutivos – saúde, educação, segurança, justiça, transporte e lazer. O locus e a marcação temporal para este trabalho são o programa televisivo “Fantástico – o show da vida” da Rede Globo, estudado ao longo do ano de 2016. Por meio de uma análise crítica do discurso verificou-se como a mídia construiu uma prateleira expositiva de desejos para ser consumida simbólica e materialmente pelos indivíduos cidadãos-consumidores. E objetivou-se, portanto, analisar como se deu o discurso do programa ao se falar de temáticas cidadãs e se este discurso foi esclarecedor para a cidadania, sendo ou não eficaz para a construção do “ser cidadão” na sociedade brasileira.

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Tsui, Mabel W. "A critical analysis of pharmaceutical manufacturers' product liability claims under the Australian consumer law: Interpretation, operation and reform." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2016. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/98526/4/Mabel_Tsui_Thesis.pdf.

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This thesis examines the adjudication of pharmaceutical product liability claims under the Australian Consumer Law. Recognising the seminal role that policy and principles have in the interpretation of legislation, this thesis encourages the adoption of a principled approach in the adjudication of statutory pharmaceutical product liability claims in Australia. The principles can be used to critique the current adjudication of pharmaceutical product injury claims while also guiding the determination of future claims. This thesis demonstrates a step forward in streamlining the law in this area, thus fulfilling its objective to reform product liability law in Australia.

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Barroso, Dejair Frank. "Uma proposta de curso de serviço para a disciplina matemática financeira: mediada pela produção de significados dos estudantes de administração." Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, 2013. https://repositorio.ufjf.br/jspui/handle/ufjf/974.

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A presente pesquisa de cunho qualitativo investigou a produção de significados dos estudantes de Administração numa Instituição de Ensino Superior de Minas Gerais, durante quatro meses, para elaborar uma proposta de curso de serviço para a disciplina matemática financeira. Inicialmente tecemos algumas ideias do que pode ser “pensamento” financeiro, e também apresentamos uma análise crítica de três livros de matemática financeira. A pesquisa de campo foi realizada concomitantemente com as aulas da disciplina, por meio de situações-problema de consumo envolvendo o conteúdo programático do curso. Para reflexão da sociedade líquido-moderna de consumidores, fizemos uso do referencial teórico do sociólogo Zygmunt Bauman, descrevendo sobre o capitalismo parasitário, o Código de Defesa do Consumidor e a importância de desenvolver um curso de matemática financeira crítica. Posteriormente, nos debruçamos sobre as leituras das transcrições à luz do Modelo dos Campos Semânticos (MCS) de Romulo Campos Lins e proposto na pesquisa de Silva (2003) e Kistemann Jr. (2011). Guiados por essa leitura, percebemos que a disciplina matemática financeira com foco apenas no conteúdo, não oportuniza os estudantes a tomarem suas decisões de compra e investimento, com criticidade. Consolidamos a dissertação por meio de um produto educacional, propondo diretrizes para um curso de serviço, que contemple a tematização de situações-problema de consumo, exibição de filmes, o uso de charges e tirinhas.
This qualitative study investigated the production of meanings of the students of Business Administration in an Institution of Higher Education of Minas Gerais, for four months to draft a service course to the discipline of Financial Mathematics. Initially we postulated some ideas of what can be financial "thought", and we also presented a critical analysis of three books of financial mathematics. The field research was conducted concurrently with the lessons of discipline, through problem situations involving the use of the course design. For the reflectionof the liquid-modern society of consumers, we made use of the theoretical sociologist Zygmunt Bauman, describing on parasitic capitalism, the Code of Consumer Protection and the importance of developing a critical financial mathematics course. Afterwards, we concentrate on the readings of the transcripts in the light of the Model of Semantic Fields (MSF) by Romulo Campos Lins and proposed in the research of Silva (2003) and Kistemann Jr. (2011). Guided by this reading, we realized that financial mathematics discipline focused only on the content do not provide the students with opportunities to make their buying decisions and investment, with criticality. We consolidated the dissertation through an educational product, proposing guidelines for a travel service, covering the thematization of problem situations of consumption, exhibiting movies, the use of cartoons and comic strips.

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Hahn, Klaus. "Critical investigation of the mobile information technology expert's perspective on the impact of the mobile application development within the German financial market and service industry." Thesis, Edinburgh Napier University, 2017. http://researchrepository.napier.ac.uk/Output/979068.

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Just as the Internet did before, mobile information technology (IT) is radically changing the way we interact with the world. Already there have been many innovative applications of this technology based on the unique attributes of mobiles. IT companies and IT service providers rely on meaningful and provable information about the influence of technical possibilities and the views of IT experts on consumer needs. The purpose and objectives of this research are to investigate the influence of mobile IT solution design and architecture on consumer behaviour related to a specific business area – the German financial market and services industry. The main research question was: “What shapes the development of mobile IT applications?” In thisresearch, the focus was on the technical context; that means the key drivers of the technological development, as they are named (in alphabetical order): efficiency, engagement, flexibility, security, simplicity, and visibility. The literature review identifiedthe factors influencing technology development and related these to the consumer behaviour theory. The research methodology is based on the phenomenological approach in which the ‘lived' experiences were described from the perspectives of interviewees'. Qualitative data were gathered related to the key drivers to understand what kind of influence factors are taking effect. Based on the assumption that IT experts will provideessential and significant inputs regarding the technical aspects, 18 semi-structured interviews were conducted. From the in-depth expert interviews, the key elements (variables) were determined and a conceptual framework was evolved with respect to literature and with the aim of answering the research question. Based on the findings from field data, the framework forms a foundation for a retrospective analysis to study the influence factors and to emerge remarkably consistent patterns that influence the development of mobile solutions. Furthermore,the proposed framework provides the basis to describe the effect of technological development on an existing information system theory. The thesis closes the gap left by the lack of a technical point of view in recent literature. This research identified consumer opinions and behaviours from the perspective of IT experts with regard to the perceived values and usability of mobile IT. The contribution to practice is that this study will bring together the technical viewpointand the viewpoints of consumers. In addition, this study will provide a set of recommendations to clarify interactions between the architecture and design of mobile IT and the consumer behaviour.

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Souza, Ana Melicia Moraes de. "Formação e sustentabilidade na sociedade capitalista de consumo: a gestão do material escolar em uma escola estadual de São Paulo." Universidade Nove de Julho, 2017. http://bibliotecatede.uninove.br/handle/tede/1605.

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This research has, as a study object, the use of school materials in a state school from São Paulo. The problem of the investigation is to know if the management of this kind of material follows the sustainability principles. It started from the hypothesis that the school materials waste and irregular use may be attached to the society consumption pattern and, also, that such materials, which is distributed by the public power, may be not being used correctly, what becomes evident through the apparent waste and punctual actions, distant from a critical view and sustainable attitudes, from the environmental point of view, by the educational agents. Seeking to understand the advances of the school materials delivery, this research proposes to carry out a legal support assessment about them, identifying controversies and contradictions that surround the resources which are available in the educational environment. The methodology includes documental analysis, focus groups with teachers and students, interview with the management team, within the scope of a case study, in a São Paulo state school. The main theoretical critical reference was the Frankfurt school Critical Theory. In the analysis result of the involved persons’ speech, we could observe that the school materials management follows the logic of the exacerbated consumption, characteristic from this capitalist society, since these materials end up not being used with sustainability principles. We have also realized that the formation is weakened, by having the theory and praxis articulation committed in its development. Finally, it is possible to affirm that there are contradictions about the school materials delivery, use and discard made by the attended community, since the formation is the main question. It is possible to say that the public policy reflects very little on the concerns about the sustainability which becomes evident in the documentary analyses. Without a users’ critical reflection, the school materials end up being wasted and discarded in an irregular way, causing damages in many spheres. The research is concluded with an intervention proposal which permits advances in the use of these materials utilized by this school community, in order to promote awareness and the viability of an educational performance based on sustainability criteria.
Esta investigación tiene como objeto de estudio la utilización del material escolar en una escuela estatal de São Paulo / Brasil. El problema de la investigación es saber si la gestión de este tipo de material sigue con los principios del desarrollo sostenible. Partió de las hipótesis de que el despilfarro y el uso irregular de materiales escolares pueden estar conectados a los patrones de consumo de la sociedad y también que dicho material distribuido por el gobierno puede no estar siendo utilizado correctamente, lo que se evidencia por medio del aparente despilfarro y de acciones puntuales desvinculadas de una actitud crítica y sostenibles, bajo el punto de vista del medio ambiente, según los educadores. En la búsqueda de la comprensión de los avances en la distribución de material escolar, la investigación se propone llevar a cabo un estudio del apoyo legal en ellos para identificar polémicas y contradicciones que rodean a los recursos que están disponibles en el entorno escolar. La metodología incluye el análisis de documentos, grupos focales con profesores y con estudiantes, entrevistas con el equipo de gestión, como parte del estudio de caso en esta escuela pública de São Paulo. El principal marco teórico fue la Teoría Crítica de la Escuela de Frankfurt. En el resultado del análisis de los discursos de los involucrados, se observó que la gestión de los materiales escolares sigue la lógica del consumo exagerado, característica de esta sociedad capitalista, ya que estos materiales no terminan siendo utilizados con los principios sostenibles. También observamos que la formación se encuentra debilitada, y la articulación entre la teoría y la praxis comprometida en su desarrollo. Por último, es posible decir que hay contradicciones en cuanto a la distribución, la utilización y el desecho de materiales escolares realizados por esta comunidad que se sirve de la formación como cuestión principal. Es posible decir que las políticas públicas poco reflejan las preocupaciones sostenibles y así se queda más evidente en los documentos genéricos y en los tribunales superiores. Sin una reflexión crítica de los usuarios, el material escolar termina siendo despilfarrado y desechado de manera irregular, causando perjuicios en diversos ámbitos. La investigación se completa con la propuesta de una intervención para permitir avances en el uso de estos materiales para esta comunidad escolar con el fin de promover concientización y la viabilidad de una actuación educativa basada en criterios sustentables.
Esta pesquisa tem como objeto de estudo a utilização do material escolar em uma escola estadual de São Paulo. O problema da investigação é saber se a gestão desse tipo de material segue com princípios de sustentabilidade. Partiu das hipóteses de que o desperdício e o uso irregular do material escolar pode estar ligado ao padrão de consumo da sociedade e, também, de que tal material distribuído pelo poder público pode não estar sendo utilizado corretamente, o que se evidencia por meio do aparente desperdício e de ações pontuais descoladas de uma visão crítica e atitudes sustentáveis, sob um ponto de vista ambiental, por parte dos agentes educativos. Na busca por compreender os avanços na distribuição dos materiais escolares, a pesquisa propõe realizar um levantamento do suporte legal sobre eles, identificando polêmicas e contradições que cercam os recursos que estão disponíveis no ambiente escolar. A metodologia inclui análise documental, grupos focais com professores e com estudantes, entrevistas com a equipe gestora, no âmbito de um estudo de caso, em uma escola estadual de São Paulo. O principal referencial teórico foi a teoria crítica da escola de Frankfurt. No resultado das análises dos discursos dos envolvidos, observamos que a gestão dos materiais escolares segue a lógica do consumo exacerbado, característico desta sociedade capitalista, visto que esses materiais acabam não sendo utilizados com princípios de sustentabilidade. Constatamos também que a formação encontra-se fragilizada, tendo a articulação teoria e práxis comprometida em seu desenvolvimento. Finalmente, é possível afirmar que existem contradições quanto à distribuição, ao uso e ao descarte de materiais escolares feito por essa comunidade atendida, sendo a formação a principal questão. É possível afirmar que as políticas públicas pouco refletem as preocupações para com a sustentabilidade, o que fica evidente nas análises documentais. Sem uma reflexão crítica dos usuários, o material escolar acaba sendo desperdiçado e descartado de forma irregular, causando prejuízos em várias esferas. A pesquisa é concluída com a proposta de intervenção que permite avanços no uso desses materiais utilizados por essa comunidade escolar, a fim de promover conscientização e a viabilidade de uma atuação educativa pautada em critérios de sustentabilidade.

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Hyun, Yongho, and n/a. "Consumer behaviour on the internet : a critical analysis of the extensive decision-making process of online holiday travellers." University of Canberra. Communication & Education, 2002. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20060801.130043.

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Both tourism destination marketing and the characteristics of holiday travellers have recently undergone radical changes driven by the rapid progress of computer technology. In particular, the advent of the Internet has had a great impact on holiday travellers as well as on the development of tourism promotion and distribution channel strategies. While holiday travellers benefit from the characteristics of Internet use, for example, unlimited information retrieval, flexible accessibility, and direct interactivity with destination marketing organizations (DMOs), the Internet provides DMOs with the critical factor of an increase in operational costs incurred by running all possible online promotional activities and online distribution channels. This paper attempted to discover which Internet functions are popularly used by existing/potential online travellers or which ones are not by testing the Canberra Tourism & Event Corporation (CTEC) web site. As a result, this research intends to provide CTEC with a way to operate its website cost-effectively, which can also lead to increasing the usage satisfaction of CTEC web visitors. Online travellers visiting the CTEC website were surveyed through non-probability self-selected web survey by using segmentation procedure; two key online travel groups: direct and indirect online access groups. Based on the research methodology, this study has discovered several findings. Firstly, CTEC web visitors preferred to use the CTEC website for the purpose of gathering travel information rather than that of online booking or reservations for travel products on the CTEC website. Secondly, comprehensive travel information tailor-made to online individuals was found to be desirable through interactive online activities, while the multimedia, booking, and comparability function were not significant in helping the CTEC online visitors choose the travel destination. Based on their preferences for particular Internet functions, it is evident that web visitors wish to have comprehensive and tailormade online travel information and interaction with the CTEC. Finally, it was revealed that the demographics of the CTEC web visitors were very similar to Internet users identified by previous researchers. Therefore, this study provides insights into website development strategies.

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Palmatier, Robert W. "How exchange inefficiency and relationship quality mediate the influence of relationship marketing on performance : the critical role of customer relationship orientation /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p3144448.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Consumo critico'

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