Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Consumers' Moral Decision-Making Process'
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Schneller, Benedikt, and Jake James Swanson. "Country of Origin within the consumers' decision-making process." Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, Företagsekonomi, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-39555.
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Background Country of origin (COO) has developed over the years and so has the definition, from the manufacturing COO and has now developed more into the COO of the brand. This development has led to a gap in research surrounding COO effects in combination with the decision-making process. Purpose The purpose of this study was to understand and explore which product information cues COO effects, along with how these cues influence the consumer's cognitive decision-making process. Leading to recommendations for companies, of how they can then use these effects in their favour. Method An interpretivism philosophy was used as part of this study, along with an inductive approach. Exploratory research was conducted to analyse the qualitative data during the experimental setting within three focus groups to gather in-depth views and opinions of participants. The research was gathered using convenience sampling, with limitations including the pre-bias participants had surrounding a COO. Findings The three most important information cues were quality, price and brand when it comes to what information consumers need to make a purchase. There is a difference in willingness to pay, perceived brand image and value surrounding COO from the COO experiment conducted between Germany and Poland. Research participants would pay on average 104 Euros more for the same product if it was a German brand over a Polish one. COO effects consumers in both a direct and indirect way, the subliminal use of COO, suggesting that the decision-making process is not completely cognitive. Similarly, consumers do not initially perceive COO as an important factor until it is brought up. However it can be said to be at the back of their minds at all times. It was also suggested that consumers have a ranking of countries within their minds and use it to aid their decision-making process. Consumers want to use the rational (intrinsic) cues (quality, design), however the extrinsic cues (brand, price) were identified as being more important. Conclusion In conclusion it can be said that COO is an important influencing factor on the consumers' decision-making process. COO is a factor effecting and influencing the different information cues which consumers identify as being important to their purchase. COO is seen as an influencing factor continuously effecting information cues, but more specifically price, brand and quality. Brands with 'higher' perceived COO's can thrive under their competitive advantage, whilst brands with a 'lower' perceived COO do not do as well.
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Alkhalil, Mohamad. "Effect of eWOM on consumers purchasing decision making process." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för ekonomisk och industriell utveckling, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-159686.
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People in the past were trying to get information through libraries, magazines or marketing agencies that were created specifically to attract consumers. In the age of the Internet people have been able to communicate with each other around the world after it was one-way communication in the pre-Internet age. Two-way communication has led to the creation of a product purchase website that encourages people to share and publish their views. Today, people looking for the best and most satisfying purchase option that makes multiple alternatives available. Online reviews can increase or decrease the life of these alternatives in the decision-making process. Due to the importance of online reviews in a person's decision, this study aims to investigate and evaluate how and whether online reviews affect the person's decision-making process. The problem is mainly about people's opinion of online reviews, and why they use them, the impact of the electronic word of mouth versus the word of mouth, to what extent online reviews are used to make potential decisions for consumers. In order to obtain the results of the study, focus group were conducted with four of semi-structured interviews. In order to obtain the results of the study, interviews were conducted with the focus group as well as a number of semi-structured interviews. The results showed the dominance of online reviews of a person's decision. Study participants believe that it is good to rely on online reviews to obtain information, while at the same time believing that these reviews do not affect the final outcome but can affect the details of the product or service to be purchased.
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Knight, Chris. "Business ethics : the process of making a moral decision in the workplace." Thesis, University of Wolverhampton, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2436/88271.
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Koop, Gregory James. "Beyond process tracing: The response dynamics of preferential choice." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1342725429.
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Toti, Boga Jean-François. "Rôle de l'éthique dans le processus de décision d'achat du consommateur et consommation éthique." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM2011.
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La consommation fait partie des mécanismes qui permettent aux individus de se distinguer, plus particulièrement à travers les pratiques alimentaires, culturelles et sportives. Il a été démontré que les consommateurs expriment leur éthique dans leurs choix de consommation. Cependant, la définition de cette consommation éthique reste assez floue en marketing et en comportement du consommateur et sa mesure n’est pas toujours adaptée. Aussi, les travaux théoriques et les modèles dans le domaine de l’éthique en marketing ont, pour la plupart été développés dans le cadre des organisations. Nous proposons dans cette thèse de clarifier les concepts de sensibilité éthique du consommateur (SEC) et de comportement de consommation éthique (CCE) et de construire un cadre théorique approprié à l’étude de l’éthique dans un contexte de consommation. Après une revue de littérature sur les origines philosophiques de l’éthique et les travaux qui lient l’éthique à l’entreprise, puis à la consommation, nous proposons un modèle conceptuel qui décrit un processus de prise de décision éthique. Ce modèle est testé puis validé à l’aide d’équations structurelles. Une étude qualitative exploratoire (14 interviews), suivie d’une collecte de données quantitatives (559 participants), servent de terrain de recherche. Les résultats offrent des perspectives intéressantes dans le domaine de l’éthique des consommateurs, tant au niveau académique que managérialConsumption is part of the mechanisms that allow individuals to distinguish themselves, especially through culture, sports and food practices. Academics found that consumers express their ethics through their consumption choices. However, the definition of ethical consumption remains quite blurred in the field of consumer behavior and its measurement is not always appropriate. We propose in this research to clarify the concepts of consumer’s ethical sensibility (CES) and consumer’s ethical consumption behavior (ECB). Then, we build an appropriate conceptual framework to explore ethics in the field of consumption. First, a qualitative study was conducted with 14 in-depth interviews and then, in a second step, a quantitative data collection was conducted among 559 consumers. The results open interesting perspectives for academics and managers in the field of consumer ethics
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Karimi, Sahar. "A purchase decision-making process model of online consumers and its influential factor : a cross sector analysis." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2013. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/a-purchase-decisionmaking-process-model-of-online-consumers-and-its-influential-factora-cross-sector-analysis(702ce943-3925-4b84-b99f-d170d3b8e386).html.
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This research explores the online purchase decision-making behaviour of consumers by introducing a comprehensive approach that covers two different viewpoints: a) individual-level behaviour and b) market-level behaviour. Individual-level behaviour enhances our understanding of how purchase decision-making processes unfold and whether they differ for different individuals. Drawing from decision analysis and consumer behaviour literature, four segments of online consumers are introduced based on two individual factors: decision making style and knowledge of the product. Archetypal behaviour of each segment is identified addressing variations in the process and process outcome for different groups. In addition, market-level behaviour investigates the actual behaviour of consumers in relation with different retailers in the market; it is based on the aggregated behaviour of 60,000 individuals. Not only behaviour in a particular website but also cross-visiting behaviour of consumers comparing multiple retailers is examined. For this purpose, a multi-level mixed-method approach is designed. Video recording sessions, think-aloud method, interviews and questionnaires are used to capture the dynamic decision-making process, segment consumers and measure the outcome of the process at individual level. Business process modeling approach and an adaptation of path configuration method are selected for modelling the process. Data from an Internet panel data provider, comScore, is analyzed to explore the market-behaviour of consumers visiting multiple retailers. A set of measurement frameworks, that have been developed to fully exploit the research potential of Internet panel data, are designed for this research. Two sectors of banking and mobile network providers are selected; this research methodology enables a much more detailed evaluation of online behaviour and can be applied in other consumer markets.A conceptual model of online purchase decision making is proposed synthesizing theory from three disciplines: consumer behaviour, decision analysis and Information Systems. This model is able to explain the complexities and dynamic nature of real-life decision-making processes. The results of individual-level analysis show that the synthesized model has an enhanced descriptive power. Purchase decision-making processes in the two sectors appear to be highly complex with a large number of iterations, being more unstructured in banking sector. The process is found to be influenced by the both individual characteristics and each segment exhibits a certain typology of behaviour. Behaviour in terms of the way stages are performed is identical across the two sectors; whereas it differs in relation to intensity of decision-making cycles, duration of the process and the process outcome, being a function of product/ market characteristics.The findings of market-level analysis revealed that banking websites are preliminary visited for using online banking services; despite the high portion of visitors, the intensity of research in these websites is low. On the contrary, mobile network providers attract a higher portion of consumers with purchase intentions and enjoy more intensive research. Consumers have a small consideration set in both sectors; and consider certain banks/providers rather than using the accessibility of all alterative on the Internet. It is evident that comparison sites play an important role in both markets affecting the behaviour of online consumers. Finally, the research stresses the use of the Internet as a complementary channel offering specific benefits in each sector.
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Schutte, Sophia Elizabeth. "Student consumers' decision-making process regarding food products containing limited label information / S.E. Schutte." Thesis, North-West University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/1813.
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Park, Boram. "Millennial Consumers’ Cause-Related Product Purchase Decision-Making Process and the Influence of Social Media." The Ohio State University, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1406211481.
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Svenning, Erik. "The Impetuous Voice of Reason : Emotion versus reason in moral decision-making." Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för biovetenskap, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-15737.
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This is a review of what the currently dominant theories of moral decision-making are and where they derive from. While the introduction serves as a common ground to explain what moral decision-making is, the earlier parts of the thesis describe older traditionalist theories within the field, theories of emotional decision-making, in the form of the somatic marker hypothesis, as well as critique of the older traditionalist theories through the social intuitionist model. Both of these two theories are explained as the foundation of the current theories of moral decision-making and after establishing a clear basis on what the currently dominant theories of moral decision-making are built on, said theories are introduced in the form of the dual-processing theory and the event-feature-emotion complexes which are thoroughly reviewed, explained in detail and serves as the core of the text. This is afterward followed by criticism as well as arguments in favor of both theories as well as criticisms from other researchers who disagree with the methodology which the theories of moral decision-making are conducted on. The essay reviews the current state of the field of moral decision-making which has been split up into two different approaches, the locationist approach and the constructionist approach. The essay concludes that there are terms which needs to be clarified in order for the field to move forward and studies to be made regarding the social implications of gut reactions in moral decision-making.
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Zhang, Xinyu, and Stacy Besong Enow Egbe. "Sustainable Consumption in Food Industry: In what stages do consumers implement sustainability in their decision making process?" Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, Företagsekonomi, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-47137.
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This paper examines the concept of sustainable development and sustainable consumption in the food industry and how consumers relate with the idea of organic food produce and their alternatives. The research was developed by using the Consumer Decision Making model and the Norm Activation Model to be able to understand what motivates consumers in their buying choices and why. These models break down the steps a consumer goes through before making a purchase and the emotional evaluation that occurs after that decision is made. With a total of 70 responses from a structured survey sent out, the results indicated that consumers are conscious about sustainable products, are aware of the environmental and social impact but 30.6% of consumers have never looked out for sustainable products.
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Kovachki, Simeon, and Ventsislav Marinov. "Consumers’ perception of Traditional vs. Non-traditional Advertising in Bulgaria : A case of Kaufland Bulgaria." Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, Företagsekonomi, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-39699.
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Title: Consumers’ perception of Traditional vs. Non-traditional Advertising in Bulgaria.A case of Kaufland BulgariaLevel: Master Thesis in International MarketingAuthors: Simeon Kovachki and Ventsislav MarinovTutor: Sarah WiknerDate: 21st of May, 2018Keywords: Advertising, Marketing, Traditional Advertising, Non-Traditional Advertising, Communication Process, Decision-Making Process, PerceptionsBackground: There are different ways to promote a brand, products or services. The researchers attempted to understand the traditional and non-traditional messages of different types of advertisements. The focus of this research is on print advertising, billboards, TV commercials and online advertisement.The purpose of this study is to better understand the perceptions that the Bulgarian customers have towards the advertising messages that are sent on traditional and non-traditional channels by one of the hypermarkets in Bulgaria.Method: In order to answer the research questions and fulfill the purpose the researchers conducted qualitative and quantitative research. The primary data was collected by carrying out a semi-structured interview with one of the Kauflands’ managers in Bulgaria and an online survey that was distributed through one of the social media channels. The secondary data was collected by using online sources such as websites that are considered trustworthy and also companies annual reports which have been reviewed in order to better understand the position of Kaufland on the Bulgarian market.Conclusion: The authors found that both traditional and non-traditional advertising plays a major role. However, traditional advertising is still a big convincer towards a purchase. The merge between traditional and non-traditional advertising elevates classic advertising into the “new classic advertising”. The perception towards both ways of advertising is relatively positive, where brochures are the most preferred way when talking about hypermarkets.
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LOUZADA, BRUNO HENRIQUE. "AN ANALYSIS OF THE WEIGHT OF SEALS CERTIFYING ENERGY SAVING AND EFFICIENCY IN THE DECISION-MAKING PROCESS OF CONSUMERS PURCHASING LAMPS." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2010. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=34945@1.
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Com o aparente crescimento da consciência ecológica no mundo, é de se supor que aumente também o interesse da população por produtos com características ecológicas. Sob o ponto de vista mercadológico, é importante que tal fenômeno seja acompanhado de investigações sobre como os consumidores fazem suas escolhas e que valor atribuem às características dos produtos com um menor impacto degenerativo ao meio ambiente, tais como materiais recicláveis, reutilizáveis, insumos orgânicos, naturais ou que consumam menos energia elétrica, entre outros. Estudos revelam, contudo, que nem sempre esses
ingredientes são mais valorizados do que outros atributos, como marca e preço. Parte da explicação pode estar na descrença dos consumidores sobre a verdadeira presença desses atributos nos produtos que compram. O presente trabalho apresenta o resultado de um estudo sobre o papel de dois selos encontrados no mercado de produtos elétricos, os quais atestam eficiência energética e contribuições de caráter ambiental: Procel e Ence. O objetivo do selo Procel é promover a racionalização da produção e do consumo de energia elétrica. A etiqueta Ence visa a informar ao consumidor o consumo de energia elétrica e a eficiência energética de alguns produtos comercializados no país. A pesquisa é baseada em simulações de compra de lâmpada incandescentes e fluorescentes e os dados são processados com o uso da análise conjunta. Foram realizadas 172 simulações com 86 pessoas. Os resultados mostram que embora os selos sejam percebidos na embalagem, não são os mais valorizados no processo decisório. preço e duração estimada das lâmpadas são as variáveis mais relevantes no processo de escolha. A maioria dos respondentes não reconhece plenamente o papel dos selos e mostram contradições em suas escolhas. Contudo, mulheres valorizam mais os selos do que os homens, assim como pessoas de mais alta renda. Outras variáveis ajudam a explicar os resultados encontrados.With the apparent growth of environmental awareness across the world, one would assume that there will also be an increased interest of the population in products with environmental features. From the marketing standpoint, it is important that such a phenomenon be accompanied by an investigation into how consumers make their choices and what value they attribute to the characteristics of the products that have less detrimental impacts on the environment, such as recyclable or reusable materials, organic or natural inputs, or lower power consumption, among others. Studies have shown, however, that consumers do not always value these features as much as others, such as brand and price. Part of the explanation may be in the consumers disbelief in the actual presence of these features in the products they buy. This study presents the results of a study into the role played by two seals found in the electrical products market which certify the energy efficiency and environmental contributions: Procel e Ence. The aim of the Procel seal is to promote a rationalization of the electric power production and consumption. The Ence label seeks to inform consumers of the power consumption and the energy efficiency of some products sold in the country. The research is based on incandescent and fluorescent lamp purchase simulations and the data were processed using conjoint analysis. 172 simulations were carried out with 86 people. The results showed that although the seals were noticed on the packaging, they were not the most valued feature in the decision-making process. Price and lamp life were the most relevant variables when choosing the lamps. Most respondents did not fully recognize the role of the seals and exhibited contradictions in their choices. However, women valued the seals more than men, as did higher income earners. Other variables help to explain the results found in the study.
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Labuschagne, Adri. "Consumers' expectations of furniture labels during their pre–purchase information search : toward label development / A. Labuschagne." Thesis, North-West University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/4694.
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Labels serve as a source of external information during the consumer
decision–making process, and frequently contribute to consumers’ prior
knowledge of different products as well as their search activities prior to
purchase of furniture. Labelling of a wide range of products, such as food and
clothing has been investigated with regard to the effectiveness of the label, to
convey information and draw consumers’ attention to the product, and the
usage of the labels by consumers. However, no literature suggests the
existence of labels with regard to furniture items, or consumers’ expectations
about furniture labels. It is believed that labels on furniture items could assist
consumers during the pre–purchase information search of the decision–making
process.
The current study investigated consumers’ expectations of furniture labels,
during the pre–purchase information search of the consumer decision–making
process, in order to propose furniture labels. The objectives of the study were
to determine what questions regarding product information consumers
frequently ask store assistants prior to furniture purchasing; to determine
consumers’ expectations regarding furniture labels in terms of the product
information on the label, the appearance of the label and the placement of the
label on furniture items; and finally to suggest a preliminary furniture label
according to consumers’ expectations.
A mixed–method research approach was followed, using a two–phase
exploratory design. Qualitative findings indicated that consumers enquire
about the type of materials used for the manufacturing of furniture items,
finishes used on items, quality, guarantees, warrantees, design, performance,
maintenance, care instructions and colours of items. Similarly, quantitative
results showed that the majority of respondents deemed the price, materials
used, cleaning instructions, guarantee and warrantees important to be
displayed on the furniture label. Appearance characteristics were
summarised and preliminary furniture labels were suggested accordingly.
These labels can be used by product developers, marketers, and the furniture industry to assist consumers during their pre–purchase information search of
the consumer decision–making process.Thesis (M. Consumer Science)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2011.
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Rubil, Dijana, and Caroline Schöld. "The influence of and interaction between socialization agents in the child-consumers purchasing process." Thesis, Jönköping University, JIBS, EMM (Entrepreneurship, Marketing, Management), 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-13096.
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In several years researchers have focused on identifying different socialization agents that influence the child consumer in the purchasing process. These studies have identified parents, friends and peers, television, role models, and different virtual communities as socialization agents. However, there is still no understanding of how the socialization agents are integrated in the decision-making process.
The purpose is therefore to identify how the child-consumers are influenced by different sources in their decision-making process, and recognise the socialization agents’ interaction as influencers.
The authors have found that there is a continuous interaction between the socialization agents in the decision-making process. The socialization agents, such as parents, siblings, friends and peers, television, role models and virtual communities, separately influence the adolescents in the purchasing process, however, the adolescents do not only take into consideration the opinion of one socialization agent but rather they use all of them. The authors have also found that the socialization agents act as support systems to other socialization agents, this in both influence and credibility.
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Frankenstein, Andrea. "To Kill or Not to Kill: Exploring the Roles of Empathy and Working Memory in Moral Decision Making." UNF Digital Commons, 2016. http://digitalcommons.unf.edu/etd/625.
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Two studies were conducted to support the dual process model of moral decision making, which states that there are two pathways to moral decisions: one emotional and the other cognitive. Decisions made in personal dilemmas are driven by emotions and intuition, while decisions made in impersonal dilemmas are driven by cognitive factors. Intuitive, emotional reactions tend to lead to non-utilitarian decisions while deliberative reasoning tends to lead to utilitarian decisions. For the current studies, undergraduate students from the University of North Florida completed working memory tests, an empathy scale, and also responded to moral dilemma scenarios. In the second study, participants were asked to respond to the moral dilemma scenarios in the following conditions: baseline, working memory condition (counting task), cold water (cold pressor task), and warm water. In Study 1, participants in the high working memory group had slower reaction times while responding to self dilemmas. In Study 2, the empathy item “I feel other people’s joy” was the best predictor of participants’ utilitarian decisions. These results are framed in terms of the dual process model and possible directions for future research.
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Judd, Vaughan C. (Vaughan Charles). "An Exploratory Study of the Information Search Stage of the Consumer Decision Process: Based on Elderly Consumers' Selection of a New Housing Bundle." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1993. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc278396/.
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This dissertation deals with the decision-to-move process of elderly persons—from a marketer's perspective. The central problem addressed is the lack of empirical knowledge concerning the factors and influences associated with the information search process of elderly persons in making a residential move decision. The purpose was to investigate and understand the key factors and influences which are viewed as important by elderly individuals in their search for and use of information.
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Karampournioti, Evmorfia [Verfasser]. "Understanding consumers’ ethical decision-making process : assessment of antecedents and consequences of consumer’s explicit and implicit perception and behavior towards ethical consumption / Evmorfia Karampournioti." Hannover : Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universität Hannover, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1224045793/34.
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Taylor, David Ian. "A comparison of the ethical decision-making skills of health service providers & consumers concerning long-term prescription and use of opiates." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 1997. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/35884/1/35884_Taylor_1997.pdf.
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The association between ethical decision-making and substance use has not been clearly defined. In the Australian context, particular psychological classifications of substance abuse and dependency prevail. Likewise, sociocultural determinants specify a legalistic framework for ethical considerations about substance use. Personal ethical decision-making concerning substance use is subsumed by the
State through legislative controls, such as the public constraints on tobacco use. The normative context determines that the presence of appropriate ethical
decision-making skills equates with lawful or prosocial behaviour. Government enacts legislation about substance use because there is a belief that certain individuals cannot exert self-control. Absence of self-control leads to anti-social behaviours such as substance abuse, with the potential for consequential harm to other citizens. Paradoxically, legislation presumes that the
individual who abuses substances through apparent absence of self-control is capable of exercising appropriate ethical decision-making skills. What if this
presumption were not true for the majority of substance dependent persons?
This study addresses the issue of ethical decision-making skills. It reviews the biopsychosocial context that determines the formal ethical position, identifying
the developmental processes in childhood that influence a person's acquisition of cognitive capacities for ethical decision-making. Utilising a purpose designed social psychological instrument (Human Values Questionnaire), a comparison is made between two sociological groups to determine whether a measurable difference in ethical decision-making skills exists. Health service providers were the first group, representing the coincidence of low levels of substance abuse and appropriate ethical decision-making. Health service consumers attending a
substance abuse clinic were the second group, representing the coincidence of high levels of substance abuse and inappropriate ethical decision-making.
Results from the Human Values Questionnaire display a statistically significant difference in ethical decision-making skills between health service providers and
consumers. However, statistically significant differences occurred for other social psychological measures, supporting a perspective which questions the
presumption that substance abusers have effective cognitive capacities for appropriate ethical decision-making. Psychosocial development may be impeded in the majority of cases of substance dependency. Outlawing substance abuse behaviours may not address aetiological
factors and represent a form of sociocultural re-victimisation. In this context, legalistic frameworks cannot be expected to reduce levels of substance
dependency and related harms. In contrast, the results of this study show that therapeutic interventions which concurrently enhance the substance dependent
person's cognitive capacities and mood state will improve social psychological function. This implies that sound ethical decision-making occurs as a consequence of effective psychoeducation, not the sociocultural imposition of legal prohibitions.
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Mihoková, Jana. "Kupní rozhodovací proces spotřebitele na trhu sušenek a oplatek." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-17392.
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The aim of this diploma thesis is to analyze a purchasing behavior of consumers in the market of biscuits and wafers, find specifics and map out the usage of sales channels. The first part focuses on the theoretical apparatus that helps to understand consumers' predispositions, lifestyle and purchasing decision process in general. The second part concentrates on biscuits and wafers and the current situation. The third practical part deals with the results of marketing research of consumers in biscuits and wafers category.
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Solilyak, Maryna. "Gender Differences in Response to Sales Promotion." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-262324.
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Today, more and more similar products in one product line appear on store shelves, and buying decisions have become more complicated for the consumer. Despite this, producers have a clear vision that one of the most effective tools that can be used to distinguish their products is sales promotion. Nevertheless, every customer is unique, and the responses to sales promotion tools differ as well. The reason for sales promotion campaigns success depends on the depth of understanding of consumer behaviour. In order to create a successful communication campaign, marketers should be aware in the best ways of reaching the desired consumers. In this work we will take a look at the gender differences in consumer behaviour. In particular, we would like to see different responses toward men and women toward sales promotion campaigns.
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Balladares, Fuentes Ana Gabriela. "Changing consumer behavior in the digital age: perceived risk in information search process." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Ramon Llull, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/671443.
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La digitalització en el entorn del marketing està canviant la manera en la que els consumidors decideixen comprar. Així mateix, el risc percebut té un rol determinant en les decisions de compra dels consumidors. No obstant això, encara que la literatura emergent suggereixi que l´ ús de les fonts d’informació digital generi nous processos de cerca i avaluació de productes diferents a aquells dels entorns de compra tradicional, el desenvolupament de noves teories sobre la naturalesa d’aquestes diferencies ha sigut limitada.
Específicament s’han detectat resultats contradictoris en la literatura actual pel que fa a la relació entre el risc percebut i la cerca d’informació de productes d'experiència en entorns digitals. Mentre que alguns estudis asseguren que el risc percebut provoca un augment en la cerca d’informació, ja que una forma de reduir el risc percebut es obtenir més informació, un altre vessant de literatura assenyala que cercar informació addicional pot més aviat resultar en un major risc percebut i en un abandonament de la compra.
Per tant, amb el fi d’aclarir aquest gap en la literatura i entendre millor el fenomen del risc percebut durant el procés de compra digital, aquest treball d´ investigació avança amb un enfocament detallat i amb una perspectiva longitudinal per entendre com la digitalització en el entorn del marketing afecta al risc percebut pels consumidors durant els seus processos de cerca d’informació.
Mitjançant una investigació realitzada amb múltiples mètodes qualitatius, aquest estudi revela que hi ha cinc etapes en el processament del risc percebut durant el procés de cerca d’informació. Aquestes etapes son: preparació per a la cerca d’informació; cerca d’informació inicial; cerca d’informació avançada; preparació per a la compra i decisió de compra i comportament post-compra.
Basat en aquestes troballes, aquest estudi proposa que en l´ actual era digital, el risc percebut es un procés dinàmic que consisteix en etapes on diferents tipus de riscs son percebuts pels consumidors quan avancen en la cerca d’informacions durant el procés de compra. A més a més, la percepció d’aquestes tipus de risc fluctua a mesura que els consumidors cerquen informació. Per tant, aquest descobriment explica que l´ etapa de cerca d’informació es un procés dinàmic suggerint que aquest dinamisme es una de les raons per les quals el nou viatge del consumidor s’estén com un procés cíclic i dinàmic.
Finalment, aquest treball d’investigació contribueix al desenvolupament de teories del risc percebut en entorns digitals proporcionant noves evidéncies i suggerint que en l´ actual context digital, el risc percebut es un constructe multidimensional que es desenvolupa, canvia i s’adapta en funció de la informació recollida en el procés de compra. Consegüentment, aquesta investigació proposa entendre el risc percebut des d’una perspectiva de procés per entendre completament com es comporta en el actual entorn digital i suggerir que el procés del risc percebut i cerca d’informació es dinàmic i alineat amb la naturalesa cíclica del nou viatge del consumidor. Finalment, aquest treball vol fer una contribució al marketing aplicat l´ aclarir on i com es poden mitigar els diversos tipus de risc durant la cerca d’informació amb el propòsit d’incrementar la satisfacció i la participació dels clients en el procés de compra.La digitalización en el entorno del marketing está cambiando la manera en la que los consumidores toman decisiones de compra. Asimismo, el riesgo percibido tiene un rol determinante en las decisiones de compra de los consumidores. Sin embargo, aunque la literatura emergente sugiere que el uso de fuentes de información digital genera nuevos procesos de búsqueda y evaluación de productos diferentes a aquellos de los entornos de compra tradicionales, el desarrollo de nuevas teorías sobre la naturaleza de estas diferencias ha sido limitado. Específicamente, se ha detectado resultados contradictorios en la literatura actual en cuanto a la relación entre el riesgo percibido y la búsqueda de información de productos de experiencia en entornos digitales. Mientras que algunos estudios aseguran que el riesgo percibido provoca un aumento en la búsqueda de información, ya que una forma de reducir el riesgo percibido es obtener más información, otra vertiente de literatura señala que buscar información adicional puede más bien resultar en mayor riesgo percibido y en un abandono de la compra. Por tanto, con el fin de aclarar este gap en la literatura y entender mejor el fenómeno del riesgo percibido durante el proceso de compra digital, este trabajo de investigación avanza con un enfoque pormenorizado y con una perspectiva longitudinal para entender cómo la digitalización en el ámbito del marketing afecta al riesgo percibido por los consumidores durante sus procesos de búsqueda de información. A través de una investigación llevada a cabo con múltiples métodos cualitativos, este estudio revela que hay cinco etapas en el procesamiento del riesgo percibido durante el proceso de búsqueda de información. Estas etapas son: preparación para la búsqueda de información; búsqueda de información inicial; búsqueda de información avanzada; preparación para la compra y decisión de compra y comportamiento pos compra. Basado en estos hallazgos, este estudio propone que en la actual era digital, el riesgo percibido es un proceso dinámico que consiste en etapas en las cuales los diferentes tipos de riesgo son percibidos por los consumidores a medida que ellos avanzan en la búsqueda de información durante el proceso de compra. Además, la percepción de estos tipos de riesgo fluctúa a medida que los consumidores buscan información. Por lo tanto, este descubrimiento elucida que la etapa de búsqueda de información es un proceso dinámico sugiriendo que este dinamismo es una de las razones por las cuales el nuevo viaje del consumidor se entiende como un proceso cíclico y dinámico. En definitiva, este trabajo de investigación hace una contribución al desarrollo de teorías del riesgo percibido en entornos digitales al proveer de nuevas evidencias que sugieren que, en el actual contexto digital, el riesgo percibido es un constructo multidimensional que se desarrolla, cambia y adapta en función de la información recolectada en el proceso de compra. Por consiguiente, esta investigación propone entender al riesgo percibido desde una perspectiva de proceso para entender por completo cómo se comporta en el actual entorno digital y sugerir que el proceso del riesgo percibido y búsqueda de información es dinámico y alineado con la naturaleza cíclica del nuevo viaje del consumidor. Finalmente, este trabajo hace una contribución al marketing aplicado al esclarecer dónde y cómo se pueden mitigar los diversos tipos de riesgo durante la búsqueda de información con el fin de incrementar la satisfacción e involucramiento de los clientes en el proceso de compra.
The digitalization of the marketing environment is changing the manner in which consumers take purchase decisions. Moreover, perceived risk has a determinant role on consumers’ purchase decision-making. However, although emerging literature suggests that consumers’ use of digital information generates new search and product evaluation processes different from those in traditional purchase setting, theorizing about the pattern and nature of these differences has been limited. More specifically, contradictory findings on the relationship between perceived risk and information search of experience-type products in digital environments have been identified in current literature. While some studies assert that perceived risk increases information search because one way of reducing risk is to obtain more information, other streams of literature point out that further engaging in information search might actually result in increased risk perception and purchase deterrence. Therefore, in order to clarify this gap and understand better the phenomenon of perceived risk during digital purchase decision-making process, this research advances with a finer-grained approach and with a longitudinal perspective in order to understand how the digitalization of the marketing environment affects consumers’ perceived risks during the process of information search. By conducting a qualitative multi-method research, this study discloses five stages in the process of risk processing during digital information search. The stages are: preparing for information search; initial information search; advanced information search, preparing for purchase and purchase decision-making and post purchase behavior. Based on these findings, the present study proposes that in the current digital context, perceived risk is a dynamic process consisting of stages in which the different types of risk are perceived by consumers as they progress in the search stage of the purchase decision-making process. Moreover, the perception of these dimensions of risk fluctuates as consumers search for information. Thus, these findings highlight that the search stage is a dynamic process and suggest that this is one of the reasons why the new customer journey is understood as a cyclic and dynamic process. Ultimately, this research contributes to the theorizing process of perceived risk in digital information search by providing new insights that suggest that in the current digital context perceived risk is a multidimensional construct that develops, changes and adapts to the information collected in the purchase decision-making process. Thus, this research proposes to understand and theorize perceived risk from a process-driven perspective in order to fully understand its behavior and suggests that the process of perceived risk processing and information search is dynamic and aligned with the cyclic nature of the new customer journey. Finally, this research contributes to the marketing practice by shedding light on where to act and how to mitigate the different types of risk in order to increase customer satisfaction and engagement during information search.
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Conradie, Niël. "The nexus of control : intentional activity and moral accountability." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/13660.
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There is a conceptual knot at the intersection of moral responsibility and action theory. This knot can be expressed as the following question: What is the relationship between an agent's openness to moral responsibility and the intentional status of her behaviour? My answer to this question is developed in three steps. I first develop a control-backed account of intentional agency, one that borrows vital insights from the cognitive sciences – in the form of Dual Process Theory – in understanding the control condition central to the account, and demonstrate that this account fares at least as well as its rivals in the field. Secondly, I investigate the dominant positions in the discussion surrounding the role of control in moral responsibility. After consideration of some shortcomings of these positions – especially the inability to properly account for so-called ambivalence cases – I defend an alternative pluralist account of moral responsibility, in which there are two co-extant variants of such responsibility: attributability and accountability. The latter of these will be shown to have a necessary control condition, also best understood in terms of a requirement for oversight (rather than conscious or online control), and in terms of the workings of the dual system mechanism. I then demonstrate how these two accounts are necessarily related through the shared role of this kind of control, leading to my answer to the original question: if an agent is open to moral accountability based on some activity or outcome, this activity or outcome must necessarily have positive intentional status. I then apply this answer in a consideration of certain cases of the use of the Doctrine of Double Effect.
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Correia, Sandra Patrícia Jardim. "A influência dos blogs no processo de tomada de decisão do consumidor." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/14416.
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Mestrado em Ciências EmpresariaisOs Social Media são meios de comunicação que permitem uma maior interatividade entre os seus utilizadores, sendo uma ferramenta cada vez mais utilizada devido à facilidade e rapidez na partilha de informação e conteúdos na Internet. Os blogs são dos meios dos Social Media que mais têm vindo a ganhar expressão, o número de blogs e de leitores deste tipo de páginas têm crescido bastante nos últimos tempos, o que levou muitas marcas a utilizá-los na comunicação com os seus consumidores, visto que estas plataformas estão facilitando o processo de tomada de decisão do consumidor. Este estudo quantitativo, pretende saber qual é a influência dos blogs no processo de tomada de decisão do consumidor, verificando o impacto na opinião dos consumidores quando uma marca ou um produto são referenciados num blog e também pretende saber quais os motivos que levam os consumidores a seguir blogs, de forma a recolher informação com vista a facilitar o processo. Para tal, foi desenvolvido um modelo conceptual composto por seis constructos, sendo estes: Disponibilidade de Informação, Credibilidade da Informação, Posição do Blogger, Socialização entre Consumidores, Obter Informações em Blogs e Escolha e Decisão de Compra do Consumidor, baseados em estudos recentes e num inquérito para avaliar o modelo proposto. Após análises estatísticas, os resultados obtidos mostram que os consumidores, de acordo com determinados fatores, como por exemplo, o acesso rápido a uma grande quantidade de informação, procuram obter informação em blogs o que se reflete no processo de decisão de compra do consumidor.
The Social Media are means of communication what allow one larger interactivity between your users. Social Media are one tool increasingly used because their facility and quickness at sharing information and Internet contents. The blogs are the Social Media that have gained more importance, the number of blogs and readers of blogs have grown in the last years, so many marks use the blogs for communication with their consumers, as these platforms are facilitating the consumer decision-making process. This quantitative study aims to know the influence of blogs in the consumer decision-making process, checking the impact on consumer opinion when a brand or product is referenced in a blog and also wants to know what the reasons that lead consumers to follow blogs, in order to gather information to facilitate the process. For such, was developed a conceptual model with six constructs: Availability of Information, Credibility of Information, Blogger Position, Socialization among Consumers, Get Information on Blogs and Consumer Choose and Decision to Purchase, based inrecent studies and an inquiry to evaluate the proposed model. After statistical analysis, the obtained results show that consumers, according to certain factors, for example, access to a large amount of information, seek information on blogs what is reflected at the consumer decision making-process.
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
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Sihvo, Cecilia, and Diana Mesanovic. "Consumption in life transition : How do unemployed consumers behave in the marketplace?" Thesis, Jönköping University, JIBS, EMM (Entrepreneurship, Marketing, Management), 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-12664.
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Background: We live in a world where not everyone is employed; numerous people havelost their jobs due to several factors where one of them is the economic crisis. This has hada huge impact on Sweden and the unemployment rate. Previous research has shown thatinflation, unemployment, and high interest rates represent risks to consumer welfare. We all consume daily, or on occasions, but how do unemployed consumers consume, what do they consume and why? In this area, the authors have found a knowledge gap in literature; therefore exploring this phenomenon is of interest.
Purpose: The purpose of this study is to explore and illustrate how consumers who have experienced a life transition, from employment to unemployment, are affected by this and how it has an impact on their consumption.
Method: This is an exploratory study performed with a qualitative and an abductive approach, where the authors used primary data collection through semi-structured in-depth interviews in Swedish with 16 unemployed consumers. These unemployed consumers were selected at Arbetsförmedlingen, the public employment service, in Jönköping.
Results: By living in unemployment the consumers have been affected psychologically, physically, financially and socially. Their identity has changed for each of them since they have to adapt to the new circumstances in their life. The new life situation has had an impact on the consumer’s well-being where depression, anxiety, and a feeling of being the underdog in the society is present. Their new life situation has implied a change in their consumption behavior since they nowadays have to prioritize the basic needs. Many of the respondents used explicit and implicit shopping-list in order to reduce their impulse buying. The contribution that the authors have done to the theory of resistance is a fourth category called ‘Everyday life resistance’ which explains the behavior of people who live in unemployment, i.e. they always have to think about resisting temptations, wants, desires, and avoiding situations where the result may be unnecessary consumption. The consumers in this study are highly involved in their consumption behavior, which the authors have chosen to call ‘reversed habitual decision making’. This kind of involvement is very high despite the high- or low risk category of the product. Their new life situation has made them more aware of product alternatives, market supply, prices, and also knowledge about their own resistance in the marketplace.
Bakgrund: Vi lever i en värld där inte alla har en anställning, en omfattande andel av befolkningen har förlorat sitt jobb på grund av flera faktorer, där en av dem är den ekonomiska krisen. Detta har haft en stor påverkan på Sverige och dess arbetslöshet. Föregående studier har visat att inflation, arbetslöshet och hög räntesats representerar risk för konsumentens välbefinnande. Vi alla konsumerar dagligen eller vid speciella tillfällen, men hur konsumerar en arbetslös konsument, vad konsumerar dem och varför? Inom detta område har författarna funnit ett kunskaps gap i litteraturen, därav är en undersökning av detta fenomen av intresse.
Syfte: Syftet med denna studie är att utforska och illustrera hur konsumenter som har genomgått en livsförändring, från att ha varit anställd till att vara arbetslös, är påverkade av detta och hur detta har inverkat på deras konsumtion.
Metod: Detta är en explorativ studie genomförd med en kvalitativ och abduktiv tillvägagångssätt där författarna har använt sig av primär information samlad genom, till viss del, strukturerade djupgående intervjuer på svenska med 16 arbetslösa konsumenter. Dessa var utvalda vid Arbetsförmedlingen i Jönköping.
Resultat: Att leva som arbetslös har påverkat konsumenterna psykologiskt, fysiskt, finansiellt och socialt. Deras identitet har förändrats då de måste anpassa sig till den nya livssituationen. Den nya situationen har påverkat konsumenternas hälsa då de känner av depression, ängslan och känner sig mindre värda i samhället. Deras nya livssituation har inneburit en det förändringar i deras konsument beteende eftersom de numera måste prioritera sina primära behov. Många av studiens deltagare använde sig av explicita och implicita inköpslistor för att minimera spontanköp. Författarnas bidrag till teorin om motstånd är en fjärde kategori kallad ‘Vardagligt motstånd’ vilket förklarar beteendet hos arbetslösa personer dvs. de måste hela tiden tänka på att motstå frestelser, begär och försöka undvika situationer där onödiga inköp kan uppstå. Konsumenterna i denna studie är synnerligen involverade i sitt konsument beteende, detta har författarna valt att benämna ’omvänt rutin besluts genomförande’. Denna typ av involvering är väldigt hög oavsett om produktkategorin innebär hög- eller låg risk. Deras nya livssituation har gjort dem mer medvetna om alternativa produkter, marknadens utbud, priser och ny kunskap om deras egna motstånd inom konsumtionssamhället.
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Forléo, Carolina Araujo. "Afinidade ou aspiração? : grupos de referência valorizados por consumidoras de baixa renda." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/165591.
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Considerando-se a importância das relações sociais e da influência interpessoal no comportamento dos indivíduos de baixa renda, este estudo apresenta como objetivo identificar e analisar os grupos de referência valorizados pelas consumidoras de baixa renda em seu processo de decisão de compra. Para a coleta de dados, utilizou-se uma abordagem multimétodo fundamentada, primeiro, em entrevistas em profundidade com 12 mulheres e, depois, na técnica de Análise Conjunta com uma amostra de 53 entrevistadas pertencentes a esse segmento. Devido à crise econômica vivida atualmente, mostrou-se necessário delimitar o contexto da pesquisa a um bem que permanecesse atrativo nessas circunstâncias: o batom. Trata-se de uma categoria de produto de alto envolvimento, capaz de representar o segmento de cosméticos como um todo, associando-se à autoestima, à sensação de bem-estar e ao reconhecimento social. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram que as consumidoras de baixa renda valorizam a presença de diferentes grupos de referência em seu processo de decisão. Especificamente, identificaram-se dois grupos de respondentes com preferências distintas quanto aos grupos de referência. Diante disso, ressalta-se que as principais contribuições desta pesquisa foram a observação de perfis diferentes dentro do segmento de baixa renda, o desenvolvimento do conhecimento sobre o processo de decisão de compra dessas mulheres e a identificação de apelos de grupos de referência que as empresas podem usar para atrair consumidoras de baixa renda.Considering the importance of social relations and interpersonal influence on the behavior of low-income individuals, this study aims to identify and analyze the reference groups valued by low-income female consumers in their decision-making process. A multimethod approach was employed. First, the data were collected through in-depth interviews with 12 low-income women. Subsequently, a conjoint analysis technique was applied with a sample of 53 female interviewees belonging to this segment. Due to the current economic crisis, it was necessary to delimit the research context to a product that remained attractive in these circumstances: lipstick. It is a high involvement product category, capable of representing the segment of cosmetics as a whole, being related to self-esteem, a sense of well-being and recognition. Results showed that low-income female consumers value the presence of different reference groups in their decision-making process. Specifically, it was possible to identify two groups of respondents with distinct preferences regarding the reference groups. Therefore, the main contributions of this research were the observation of different profiles within the low-income segment, the development of knowledge about the decision-making process of these women, and the identification of reference group appeals that companies can use to attract low-income female consumers.
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Voigt, Priscila. "Comportamento do consumidor infantil : características e decisões de compra." Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, 2007. http://tede.udesc.br/handle/handle/163.
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Previous issue date: 2007-03-30Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
The consumers behavior is a largely studied theme and the findings in said field guide the planning of many companies, comprising from the development to the communication of a product. The infant consumer has, more specifically, gained evidence since the sixties, being legitimately considered as an important element in the world of business. In Brazil, nonetheless, that is still an incipient field, with very little scientific literature published on same. Based on the importance of said market, opposed to mentioned scarce studies, present research aims at describing the child s behavior as a consumer deciding about the purchase. Through a qualitative research, with in-depth interviews with children aged 7 and 8 and their respective mothers, the study depicts the consumer s profile of that public, as well as its behavior in the purchase decision making process. It also displays the difference of perception between mothers and children on those issues. As a variable, there is the mother s occupation, characterized under three profiles: highly occupied mothers (HOM), mothers with a low level of occupation (LOM) and mothers with no occupation (NOM), as a proposal to identify differences in the consumption profile of the children, according to the physical presence of their mothers. Based on the decision making process theory of Blackwell, Miniard and Engel (2005), both the instrument of data collecting and the analyses of same, covered all the steps of the model proposed by the authors, thus making the outline of the consumer child possible in every stage of the deciding process. The results show up that children have a incipient consumer decision process. Children go shopping with an adult, the influence in family consumer is low, and mother occupation interferes in consumer process
O comportamento do consumidor é um tema amplamente estudado, e as descobertas neste campo direcionam o planejamento de muitas empresas, englobando desde o desenvolvimento à comunicação de um produto. O consumidor infantil, especificamente, vem gradativamente ganhando destaque desde a década de sessenta, sendo legitimado como elemento importante no mundo dos negócios. No Brasil, porém, este é um campo ainda incipiente, com poucas publicações científicas a respeito. Com base em sua importância mercadológica contraposta aos estudos escassos, esta pesquisa busca descrever o comportamento da criança consumidora na decisão de compra. Por meio de pesquisa qualitativa, com entrevistas em profundidade com crianças entre sete e 8 anos, e suas respectivas mães, o estudo capta o perfil de consumo deste público, assim como seu comportamento na tomada de decisões de compra. Ainda, confronta a percepção das crianças com a de suas respectivas mães sobre estas questões. Como variável, tem-se a ocupação da mãe, caracterizada em três perfis: mães com alta ocupação (MAO), mães com baixa ocupação (MBO) e mães sem ocupação (MSO), com uma proposta de identificar diferenças no perfil de consumo das crianças, de acordo com a presença física das mães. Embasada na teoria da tomada de decisão de Blackwell, Miniard e Engel (2005), tanto o instrumento de coleta de dados, assim como as análises dos mesmos, contemplaram todos os passos do modelo proposto pelos autores, sendo possível delinear o comportamento da criança consumidora em cada etapa do processo decisório. Os resultados apontam que a criança tem um processo de decisão de consumo muito incipiente, suas compras são acompanhadas de um adulto e a influência nas compras familiares é mínima. A criança sofre influência de diversos meios, sendo que a ocupação da mãe também interfere no processo de consumo
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Lovas, Jan. "Faktory ovlivňující výběr e-shopu při realizaci nákupu." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-197842.
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The first chapter covers the basics of the Internet as well as the strenghts and weaknesses of online shopping and data collection. The second chapter describes the decision-making process of the consumer along with possibilities of communications with customers and the differences between the bricks-and-mortar and the online customers. The third chapter provides research and results evaluation methods. The fourth chapter describes the selected search portals that help customers with the choice where to shop. The last chapter is devoted to the results of quantitative and qualitative research together with the recommendation of elements that an online store should include.
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Tollis, Claire. "Bien gérer les "espaces de nature", une éthique du faire avec : propositions pour une géographie des Associations hétérogènes." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00814246.
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La " crise environnementale " médiatisée sous la forme d'une série de dommages et de menaces qui pèsent sur la survie de notre espèce (Larrère, 1997) oblige nos sociétés à prendre en compte des entités et des phénomènes qui ne sont pas humains et que nous avions exclus de notre sphère morale. Plus largement, ces enjeux questionnent la façon dont nous nous organisons pour agir dans les espaces que nous partageons de facto avec une pluralité d'entités. Cette recherche doctorale s'intéresse plus particulièrement aux pratiques de gestion des " espaces de nature ". Les gestionnaires de ces espaces sont amenés à répondre à une multiplicité de demandes et d'injonctions, autrement dit à " écologiser " leurs façons de faire. Nous observons et décrivons la mise en place de quatre initiatives se disant " éthiques " ou " responsables " sur des terrains variés, du plus urbain (espaces verts de Grenoble) au plus " sauvage " (Mt Jefferson Wilderness, en Oregon). Il apparaît que la responsabilité du devenir de ces espaces n'est pas uniquement celle des gestionnaires : elle est distribuée le long d'une chaîne d'humains et de non-humains. Les acteurs comptent sur une pluralité de personnes, d'êtres et de choses pour maintenir ces espaces. Leurs pratiques relèvent d'expérimentations tout à la fois scientifiques, politiques et morales (Latour, 1995, Hache, 2011). Ils construisent des compromis situés et précaires, selon une éthique du faire-avec. Dans ce mouvement, les parcs et jardins - comme figures de la séparation et de la domestication - cessent d'être l'échelle pertinente de réflexion et d'action : d'autres formes socio-spatiales émergent. Une géographie des associations hétérogènes (Murdoch, 1997) nous apparaît alors la plus à même de rendre compte des liens, des emboîtements d'échelles et des évènements éthiques fragmentaires qui se jouent dans le travail continu que ces collectifs s'adonnant à construire un monde commun constamment renégocié.
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Huang, Yi-Cheng, and 黃奕誠. "The relationship among personal moral philosophy、perceived moral intensity and ethical decision-making process." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/36201471792326025825.
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碩士淡江大學
會計學系碩士班
98
Fraudulences not only cause a direct decrease in the assets of stakeholders, it also raises a credit risk and brings severe negative impact to the capital market. Causes of various kinds of fraud can be traced back to its original contrivance, and ethic seems to be the only solution to avoid occurrences of fraud. Ever since then, people have started to focus their attention on ethical issues. The ethical decision maker will often draw conclusions in accordance with their moral philosophy of individual moral standards in order to identify the moral intensity of the dilemma which hence, affects the ethical decision-making process. Domestically, relative research is rare. According to Rest (1993), education and age are major factors of ethical development and in addition, college education is the primary learning stage of developing a basis of specialty/profession. This study surveys students from colleges of business/management, and in the mean time, constructs simulated business scenarios. Based on Rest(1986) ethical decision-making process theory and Jones(1991) issue-contingent model, we investigate possible determinant factors, which might affect students’ making ethical-decisions, from Personality traits (moral philosophy) and ethical issues (moral intensity) perspectives. This study collects a total of 1,082 valid samples. The summary of our results is as follows: （1）The recognition of moral issues will positively affect moral judgment and moral judgment will have positive impact on moral intent.（2）Moral intensity and ethical-decision making process are positively correlated. （3）Idealists have a positive correlation with moral intent(potential harm and social pressure). The Relativists, except for in scenario 2, have a significant negative correlation with potential harm and meanwhile, have insignificant correlation with social pressure. （4）When those students with Idealists trait face an ethical dilemma, their moral intensity will intervene ethical-decision making process. Whereas when those students with Relativists trait exercise ethical decision, moral intensity is an insignificant intervening variable. （5）Finance majoring students have significantly higher Relativism traits than accounting and business management majoring students; Gender imposes significant variation on Idealism; And there is no significant difference between juniors and seniors in terms of Idealism or Relativism traits.
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Ling-Ying, Wang, and 王玲英. "Research on the Decision - making Process of Consumers in Leisure Farm." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/76vk7z.
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碩士真理大學
休閒遊憩事業學系碩士班
105
In this study, nine legal leisure farms in Tainan area were investigated.,30 interests were analyzed by factor analysis and divided into six common factors, There are "Facilities and Safety", "Price and Brand", "Active Service", "Space and Quality", "Quality of Staff" and "Promotional Activities". And use of cluster analysis will be leisure farms compared with consumers, the importance of the segment attributes are divided into four groups, There are "value type", "educational type", "interactive type" and "safe type" respectively. The study found that in the decision by whom the decision to choose their own destination 46.90% of the highest.In the pre-purchase budget, the highest to NT$5,000.The entrance to the highest proportion of the ticket office.The results and the pre-purchase budget is the same correspondence, indicating that the consumer is not easy to change the budget. In the decision time, the highest proportion within a week.The frequency of consumption will occasionally go to the proportion of up to 62%. The main purpose is to participate in sports athletic activities 27.3%, rural experience 26.4%. The impact of information sources on the extent to the impact of new products, should be with the new and want to experience the relationship between new products. After the purchase of satisfaction, the average satisfaction were 3.54,in satisfaction, the consumer was satisfied with 39.8%. And then purchase the possibility of an average of 3.75, between the general to the satisfaction. And then introduce the purchase of the possibility of an average of 3.80,between the general to the satisfaction of the introduction of the purchase of the possibility of accounting for 53.6%, 24% of ordinary, very likely 16.3%. Keywords ：Leisure farms, consumer behavior, interest segmentation, post -purchase behavior
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Melo, Inês Patrícia Gomes de. "The influence of NWOM in the consumers’ decision-making process in the Tourism industry." Master's thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.14/25614.
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Online feedback tools, such as electronic Word-of-Mouth (eWOM), have been widely used to share knowledge and information online between consumers about products or services, having become an important tool for consumers and being considered a reliable source.
Based on relevant theories and previous works, it has been proved that Negative Word-of-Mouth (NWOM) has been influencing significantly consumers’ decision-making process, especially regarding the Tourism industry and that this sector is the most strongly influenced by eWOM.
To investigate the impact of NWOM on consumers in the industry of Tourism, an online survey was created. Different negative hotel reviews were presented to 249 individuals. Quantitative data was generated to investigate the impact of these reviews on consumers’ brand attitude, purchase intentions and NWOM intentions, in two distinct stages of the travel planning process, namely the search phase vs the post-purchase phase, when a new purchase was being planned.
The conclusions supported the existence of a significant impact of NWOM on users that are exposed to negative reviews in the Tourism sector. Furthermore, users in the post-purchase phase were less susceptible to NWOM than those in the search phase, which means that NWOM communication mostly affects consumers who are in the search phase of the travel planning process.
This study contributes to companies, especially hotels, by identifying useful research that can help them understanding the power of negative information on consumers, taking advantage of online consumer reviews as a new marketing tool.
Finally, limitations are discussed and future research is proposed.Ferramentas de feedback online, como o electronic Word-of-Mouth (eWOM), têm sido amplamente utilizadas para partilhar conhecimento e informação online entre consumidores sobre produtos ou serviços, tendo-se tornado uma ferramenta importante para os consumidores e sendo considerada uma fonte de informação confiável. Com base em teorias relevantes e trabalhos prévios, o Word-of-Mouth negativo (NWOM) tem influenciado significativamente o processo de tomada de decisão dos consumidores, especialmente na indústria do Turismo, sendo o sector mais influenciado por eWOM. Para avaliar o impacto do NWOM nos consumidores na indústria do Turismo, foi criado um questionário online. Foram apresentadas diferentes comentários negativos sobre um hotel a 249 indivíduos. Obtiveram-se dados quantitativos com o intuito de investigar o impacto destes comentários na atitude dos consumidores, intenção de compra e intenção de NWOM, em duas fases distintas - a fase de pesquisa e a fase de pós-compra, quando uma nova compra estava a ser planeada. As conclusões suportam a existência de um impacto significativo da NWOM sobre aqueles que estão expostos a comentários negativos no setor do Turismo. Além disso, os utilizadores numa fase de pós-compra são menos suscetíveis a NWOM do que aqueles que se encontram numa fase de pesquisa do planeamento de uma viagem. Este estudo contribui para empresas, especialmente hotéis, uma vez que, identificada a importância da comunicação NWOM, surge a possibilidade de uma nova ferramenta de marketing baseada no conteúdo online gerado pelos consumidores. Finalmente, limitações são discutidas e pesquisa futura é proposta.
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Lin, Chien-Wen, and 林建彣. "How Do Endorsers Influence Consumers’ Decision-Making Process? An Investigation of Moderating Effects of Consumers’ Characteristics and Product Categories." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/2e4raj.
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碩士國立臺北大學
企業管理學系
103
Researches about endorser have been widely discussed in marketing. Therefore, the main purpose of this study is to investigate how the characteristics of endorsers influence consumers and the moderate effect of consumers’ characteristics and product categories. Endorsers can enhance the image of a company or product. Most of the existing studies focused on the benefits the endorser brought, few paid attention to consumers’ heterogeneity. How endorsers influence consumers will be verified in this study by using source model theory and researches about interpersonal communication. Through trustworthiness, expertise, goodwill and attractiveness, endorsers may positively influence consumers’ attitude about a product. By using dimensions of self-monitor, gender and product categories as moderators, we will discuss the moderating effect between consumers’ attitude and behavior. The purpose of this study is as follows: 1. By using source model theory, the study will affirm that the characteristics of endorsers will affect the attitude of customers. 2. Discuss the moderating effect of self-monitor and gender. 3. Investigate the moderating effect of product categories to the consistency between behavior and attitude. To demonstrate this model, 411 samples have been collected and then analyzed by PLS. The findings of the study is as follows: 1. Endorsers may positively influence consumers’ attitude by its trustworthiness, expertise and attractiveness. 2. The attitude toward a certain product will affect the behavior of the customer. 3. The moderating effect of self-monitor exist between behavior and attitude. The managerial implications of this study are to provide a reference for corporations and help them choose the most appropriate endorser and marketing strategy for their products.
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Oliveira, Mariana Lampreia de. "The impact of digital influencers on consumers´ decision-making process in the luxury fashion market." Master's thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.14/34857.
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The aim of this dissertation is to comprehend how digital influencers affect each stage of consumers’ decision-making process when buying a luxury fashion product. This research intends to contribute to help managers and marketers to make more informed decisions about which strategies to implement in each stage of consumers’ decision-making process. I used a qualitative approach and conducted 20 semi-structured interviews of consumers of luxury fashion brands who are currently followers of digital influencers on social media. The findings demonstrate that influencers have an impact on problem/need recognition stage, information search stage and evaluation of alternatives stage, but do not have an impact on purchase decision stage. Indeed, the majority of consumers advocated that influencers are a valuable source of brand awareness and product information and that the content shared by them on social media is useful to help consumers to choose the product that will better satisfy their needs and desires. However, almost every participant stated that although feeling very inspired and influenced to buy the luxury fashion products used or promoted by influencers, they acknowledge that this influencers’ persuasive power is not sufficient for them to decide to purchase the product, since luxury fashion products represent a large investment and, consequently, require a higher purchase power and a deeper ponderation.O objectivo da presente dissertação é compreender como é que os influenciadores digitais afectam cada etapa do processo de tomada de decisão dos consumidores quando estes pretendem comprar um produto de moda de luxo. Esta pesquisa pretende ajudar os gestores e marketers a tomar decisões mais informadas sobre que estratégias implementar. Assim, uma pesquisa qualitativa foi implementada e 20 entrevistas em profundidade foram conduzidas entre consumidores de marcas de moda de luxo que seguem actualmente influenciadores nas redes sociais. Os resultados demonstraram que os influenciadores têm um impacto efectivo na etapa do reconhecimento do problema/necessidade, na etapa da pesquisa de informação e na etapa da avaliação de alternativas. Porém, os resultados não demonstraram existir um impacto dos influenciadores na etapa da decisão de compra. De facto, a maioria dos entrevistados mencionaram que os influenciadores são valiosas fontes de informação sobre as marcas e produtos e que o seu conteúdo ajuda os consumidores a perceber qual o produto que melhor responderá às suas necessidades e desejos. Contudo, apesar de a maioria dos participantes revelarem que se sentem inspirados e persuadidos a adquirir os produtos de moda de luxo usados ou promovidos pelos influenciadores, estes participantes reconhecem também que o poder persuasivo dos influenciadores não é suficiente para os decidir a comprar o produto, pois os produtos de moda de luxo representam um grande investimento e, consequentemente, requerem um maior poder de compra e uma maior ponderação.
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Ehrich, Kristine Renee. "Willful ignorance: the avoidance of ethical attribute information." Thesis, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/1955.
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Tilley, Esté. "The perceived influence of adolescents on the family purchase decision-making process : a cross-cultural study." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/6635.
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M.Comm.The research study has endeavoured to explore adolescent perceived influence on parent purchase decisions more comprehensively, with unique and pioneering research being conducted on the degree to which this influence varies cross-culturally. Several findings were similar to previous research conducted, with adolescents still perceiving to have greater influence than their parents attribute to them. The cross-cultural findings, however, provide a basis for future research due to the significant value of these findings to marketers and researchers alike. The value of researching this cross-cultural impact should therefore not be discarded, as the researcher is of the opinion that knowledge regarding this aspect will dramatically influence the manner in which products are marketed and the ultimate success of long-term customer relationships. Conclusions,
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Mendes, Pedro Mª da Cunha Policarpo Ferreira. "The decision making process of consumers in relation to private labels: the specific case of yogurts in Portugal." Master's thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10071/6898.
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Over the last few decades, private labels have grown and become an important competitive force on the marketplace. The general consumer of fast-moving consumer goods has changed his shopping habits and, now worries more about what he buys for the supply of his household. The economic crisis and the great amounts of information retailers provided about these products accelerated the success of these brands. As store brands grew, so did the academic and managerial interest in them. Throughout the past literature we see various researches on the determinants for the success of private labels and the key characteristics consumers take into account when selecting a brand. This study aims to point out the determinant factors that lead consumers to select private label goods in a specific industry, the Portuguese yogurt market. This is a thriving industry for store brands in Portugal, reaching almost half of the total market share.Durante as últimas décadas, as marcas próprias cresceram e tornaram-se numa importante força competitiva no mercado. A generalidade dos consumidores de bens de grande consumo mudou os seus hábitos enquanto comprador e, agora preocupa-se mais com aquilo que compra para a sua casa. A crise económica e as grandes quantidades de informação disponibilizada pelos retalhistas sobre estes produtos acelerou o sucesso destas marcas. Com o crescimento das marcas próprias, cresceu também o interesse académico e administrativo sobre estas marcas. Ao longo da literatura vemos que foram feitos vários estudos sobre quais os determinantes para o sucesso das marcas próprias e as características fundamentais que os consumidores utilizam para seleccionar marcas. Este estudo tem como principal objectivo encontrar os factores determinantes que levam os consumidores a escolher bens de marca própria numa indústria específica, o mercado Português dos iogurtes. Esta é uma indústria próspera para as marcas próprias em Portugal, atingindo quase metade do total de quota de mercado.
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Pen, Chiung-Chi, and 彭瓊琚. "The Effect of Teachers' Personal Moral Philosophy and Perceived Moral Intensity on Ethical Decision-Making Process – within Environmental Ethics in Leisure Hotel Context." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/286tyg.
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碩士亞洲大學
休閒與遊憩管理學系碩士在職專班
103
This paper focuses on teachers facing controversies due to environmental protection，when they visit a leisure hotel. Specifically, how as a consumer, a teacher’s moral intensity and moral philosophy affects the ethical decision-making process. This paper discusses hotel’s environmental ethics in simulated situation.There are three major points, they are personal moral philosophy and subject-matter moral intensity and how they affects the ethical decision-making process. based on 253 valid questionnaires revealed from Kaohsuing City teachers , we get at the following conclusions: 1. The moral intensity of environmental ethics can be divided into twomajor facets, which are "potential damage” and "validity andthe levelof influence." 2. Significantly positive correlation between the "potentialdamage” inmoral intensity of environmental ethics and moral perception; thecorrelation between “validity and the level of influence” and moral judgment being positive as well. 3. The personal idealism in personal philosophy having positive influenceon the subject-matter moral intensity’s “potential damage” and moralstrategic decision’s “moral perception”. 4.Relativism in personal philosophy substantially affecting the “validityand the level of influence”of subject-matter moral intensity as well as the“moral intention” of moral strategic decision in a negative matter. 5. The personal moral decision-making process at all stages: the moretime teachers are given to perceive moral issues, the more likely theyare to develop moral judgment. This in turn makes teachers’ behavior and intentions more likely to lean towards higher level of ethicalstandards.
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Dreyer, Heleen. "Consumers' understanding and utilisation of textile eco-labels when making a pre-purchase decision / Heleen Dreyer." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/10842.
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Eco-labels impact consumers‟ likelihood to buy eco-labelled products and serve as a tool during the decision-making process that helps consumers make informed purchase choices. The textile industry is responsible for a large amount of pollution, but has started to follow a more holistic, eco-friendly approach. Information about their eco-friendliness is communicated to consumers via eco-labels. Consumers can influence the textile industry to include more eco-labelled textile products in their desired range of products, by buying and demanding eco-labelled textile products. However, international studies indicate that consumers do not understand textile eco-labels and the information that is found on these labels. A lack of understanding prevents consumers from including such products in their pre-purchase decision-making process. Yet some consumers, from developed and developing countries, are willing to buy eco-labelled products and pay more for such products. Limited research in this regard, within a South African context, is available hence, more research was required in this study field. Therefore, this study aimed to explore consumers‟ understanding and utilisation of textile eco-labels during pre-purchase decision-making.
The research for the study was done using a convenience and purposive sampling method with a quantitative structured online questionnaire for data collection purposes. Findings suggest that respondents were environmentally conscious, but only to some extent. Most respondents objectively understood textile eco-labelled products, but not textile eco-labels or organic label information regarding cotton production processes. Respondents indicated that they do not use textile eco-labels when making a pre-purchase decision, yet they somewhat recognised the need to buy eco-friendly textile products, because they are aware of environmental implications. Regarding the information on eco-labels, respondents searched for information surrounding the quality of eco-labelled textile products, followed by the care instructions and the credibility of the eco-label on the product. Finally, there was a segment of respondents who buy and utilise textile eco-labelled products, and are willing to pay a higher price for these products. The higher price was the main factor that prevented other respondents from buying eco-labelled textile products.
Consumers can benefit from education regarding environmental issues and how their purchasing choices can make a difference in protecting the environment. Furthermore, educating consumers about eco-labelled textile products might increase their awareness and utilisation of these products. In turn, this awareness about eco-labels might encourage consumers to include these kinds of products in their pre-purchase decision-making process. Additionally the industry can strive towards keeping eco-labelled products‟ prices relatively equal to regular product‟s prices to make it easier for consumers to choose between the different products, based on their environmental attributes and not price. Finally, the textile industry and manufacturers can focus on making textile eco-labels more attractive and attention-grabbing in order to focus consumers‟ attention on these labels. Furthermore, on these labels, symbols and words should be used together and all elements should correspond to enhance consumers‟ understanding. If all of these elements of an eco-label convey the same message, consumers might be able to understand the intended message by manufacturers and the industry better.M Consumer Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014
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Fang-NingChang and 張芳寧. "A Study of Online Consumers' Brain Images in their Decision-Making Process for Purchasing Second-Hand and New Products." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/95235462643880178986.
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碩士國立成功大學
資訊管理研究所
102
The technique of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has been used to observe human brain’s activities since 1991. Afterward, fMRI has widely adopted in varied research domains. For example, psychologists start using fMRI to conduct cognition-related studies to determine which area of human brain is responsible for functioning language use, memory retrieval, and emotional fluctuation. Biologists also use fMRI to explore which area of human brain is responsible for functioning different senses and feeling, including touch, smell, ache, hungry, thirsty, and breadth. Nowadays, fMRI has been applied to explore which area of human brain can activate or function decision-making processes. According to the literature review, nucleus accumbens (NAcc), medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC), and insula can be activated when purchasing decision is made. In the study of consumer purchasing decisions, the brand is a major factor affecting consumer purchase decisions. Interaction between the consumer and the brand is similar to interpersonal relationships. Many study of brand of brain image indicated that brand had a significant impact on brain activation. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to verify the areas of human brain’s neuron to be activated when decision-making behavior is conducted in online auction context for consumers who ever purchased second-hand and/or new products. Brain activity of online consumers who make decision on purchasing second-hand and/or new products in different brand perspectives is explored. Here, the neuron which has been activated may be located in different areas of human brain due to consumers’ different brand perspectives and perceived value of second-hand and/or new products. This study recruit 12 online consumers had purchased SHPs and/or new products on online auction platform. The results of this study find MPFC and insula activation when online consumers purchased SHPs, and DLPFC activation when they purchased brand products.
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Castro, Beatriz Margarida Trindade Almiro de Menezes e. "The role of social media marketing in the decision making process affecting portuguese consumers considering the horeca business segment." Master's thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10071/13761.
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JEL Classification System: M31 (Marketing) e C12 (Hypothesis Testing)Este estudo aborda um tópico ainda recente do marketing em 2016: as redes sociais e o seu impacto na relação entre o canal HORECA (hotéis e semelhantes, restaurantes, cafés) com o consumidor português. Os conceitos mais importantes são noções como o e-wom, redes sociais, web 2.0, canal HORECA. É tida em consideração no estudo a evolução das redes sociais ao longo dos últimos anos, tal como é descrito o objetivo de certas redes sociais específicas para este segmento de mercado. A dissertação teve como objetivo compreender qual o efeito no processo de tomada de decisão dos consumidores portugueses deste tipo de redes sociais, especificamente das críticas online no canal HORECA. Investigaram-se os hábitos dos consumidores a nível online, as suas opiniões face a críticas online, a probabilidade de visitarem um estabelecimento com críticas negativas e qual o tipo de estabelecimento do segmento HORECA para qual usavam em maior grau redes sociais. Foi considerada uma metodologia quantitativa por questionário online, em que o Facebook foi o método de difusão do mesmo, dado ser uma importante rede social atualmente, angariando 417 respostas válidas, consideradas no decorrer da análise. As principais conclusões obtidas através desta dissertação provaram que os indivíduos da amostra confiam em maior grau em críticas online positivas do que negativas, têm uma maior vontade de visitar um estabelecimento com crítica positiva, do que evitar um com crítica negativa. A maioria dos consumidores usa este género de redes sociais para obter informação sobre hotéis, usando em grande escala o Booking.com.
This research approaches a still recent marketing topic in 2016: the impact that social networks have in the relationship between HORECA channel (hotels, restaurants, cafes) and the Portuguese consumer. Electronic word-of-mouth, social networks, web 2.0, HORECA channel can be considered as very important notions in this dissertation. The evolution of social networks along the years is taken in consideration as well as the aim of certain HORECA specific type social networks. The dissertation had as a main goal to understand the role of social networks and online reviews in the decision making process of the Portuguese consumer, in the HORECA channel. Thus, online consumer habits were investigated, such as their opinions facing online reviews and the type of establishment in the HORECA segment that had the highest importance when considering information from social networks. A quantitative approach was considered, through a Facebook diffused online questionnaire, taking in consideration Facebook importance nowadays. 417 valid responses were retrieved and considered during the data analysis. The most important conclusions from the study proved that the sampled individuals rely in a higher degree in positive online reviews than negative ones, and they have a higher willingness of visiting an HORECA establishment with a positive review, than of avoiding an establishment with a negative review. The majority of consumers use social networks to obtain information regarding hotels and similar, especially Booking.com
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Limerick, Michael Hyder. "The process used by surrogate decision-makers to withhold and withdraw life-sustaining measures in a Catholic intensive care environment." Thesis, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/1613.
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Markle, Robert G. "Signals intelligence and the Washington Naval Conference: one element in the decision-making process." 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/27491.
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Huang, Chia-Hui, and 黃嘉慧. "Relationships between perceived moral intensity and ethical decision-making process- An empirical study of accounting students across the Taiwan Strait." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/62369218973833266689.
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碩士義守大學
管理學院碩士班
98
This study conducted an empirical survey of 556 accounting students within four universities across the Taiwan Strait to investigate the impact of demographic factors on the association between perceived moral intensity and ethical decision-making process. Models are proposed with perceived moral intensity, moral sensitivity, moral judgments and moral intention as dependent variables, the country of residence and ever taking a professional ethical course or not as the independent variable, and gender and age of the students as covariates. By using scenarios involving ethical situations, it is found that Taiwanese student perceive higher levels of moral intensity than Chinese students on all of the components. There are significant differences between the two groups on perceived moral intensity and ethical decision-making process. An explanation for the direction of the differences is offered based on the divergence of societies across the Taiwan Strait with respect to the societal moral climate, organizational culture and sub-cultural factors. The results show that students ever taking professional ethical courses or not demonstrated no significant difference on all of the components. The finding may imply that students’ ethical beliefs are determined more by the large socio-cultural norm than by academic education. This may give less importance to business ethics instruction if the media transmitted culture more than education (Arlow, 1991)
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Müller, Laura Kristina. "Mindfulness in ethical decision-making : how state and trait mindfulness impact moral judgment and acceptance of unethical behavior." Master's thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.14/35635.
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Ethical misconduct is often overlooked – not only because of the lack of awareness of ethical issues but also because of people’s inability to free themselves from external influences and biases that lead them to conform. The variety of reasons for accepting unethical behavior warrants an approach that systematically reduces this form of disengagement. The concept of mindfulness has proven to be a powerful tool to debias individuals and help practitioners maintain consciousness of the present experience that is necessary to navigate ethical issues. This thesis aims to explore mindfulness as an instrument to curb unethical behavior throughout the ethical decision-making process, specifically on making a moral judgment and establishing intent to engage in moral behavior. In order to achieve this, I compare the effects of recent state and trait mindfulness through an experimental study. The results demonstrate a significant impact of trait mindfulness on both moral judgment and acceptance of unethical behavior, even when controlling for social desirability. Individuals high in trait mindfulness were more sensitive making moral judgments and less accepting of unethical behavior compared to individuals low in trait mindfulness in two out of four proposed scenarios. Recent state mindfulness was not significant in this study. Nonetheless, this dissertation’s study raises interesting questions about mindfulness interventions and contributes to the literature on the potential positive impacts of mindfulness.O comportamento imoral é frequentemente negligenciado – não apenas por causa da falta de consciência sobre questões éticas, mas também pela incapacidade das pessoas de se libertarem de influências externas e preconceitos que as levam a se conformar. As várias razões que deixam o indivíduo aceitar comportamento imoral justificam uma abordagem que reduz sistematicamente essa forma de desapego. O conceito de mindfulness provou ser uma ferramenta poderosa para desenviesar os indivíduos e ajudar os praticantes a manter a consciência da experiência presente, necessária para avaliar questões éticas. Esta tese tem como objetivo explorar mindfulness como um instrumento para coibir o comportamento imoral ao longo do processo da tomada de decisões éticas, especificamente ao fazer um julgamento moral e estabelecer a intenção de se envolver num comportamento moral. Para conseguir isso, comparei os efeitos de um estado recente de mindfulness com mindfulness enquanto traço por meio de um estudo experimental. Os resultados demonstram um impacto significativo de mindfulness enquanto traço tanto no julgamento moral quanto na aceitação do comportamento imoral, mesmo quando controlando para desejabilidade social. Indivíduos com elevado mindfulness enquanto traço foram mais sensíveis ao fazer julgamentos morais e menos tolerantes a comportamentos imorais em comparação a indivíduos com baixo nível de atributo de mindfulness em dois dos quatro cenários propostos. O estado recente de mindfulness não foi significativo neste estudo. No entanto, o estudo desta dissertação levanta questões interessantes sobre as intervenções de mindfulness e contribui para a literatura sobre os potenciais impactos positivos de mindfulness.
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Lourenço, Inês Margarida Prata Pina. "The role of humor in television advertisement: a study regarding Portuguese consumers’ emotions and reactions." Master's thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/15498.
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The purpose of this study is to explore the humorous side of television
advertisement and its impact on Portuguese consumers’ hearts, minds and wallets. Both
qualitative (through in-depth interviews) and quantitative (through an on-line survey
and subsequent statistical data analysis) methods were used, guaranteeing a more
consistent, strong and valid research. Twenty-five interviews with randomly chosen
consumers were conducted face-to-face and three interviews via e-mail with marketers
and television advertisers were performed in order to explore profoundly the subject.
Moreover, 360 people have answered the on-line survey. Through the analysis of the
data collected humor perception was found to be positively correlated with persuasion
and intention to purchase the product; intention to share the advert; message
comprehension; product liking and development of positive feelings towards the brand
and brand credibility variables. The main implication of these findings relies on the fact
that humor in advertising is able to boost its effectiveness.
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Cheng, Hui-Ju, and 鄭惠如. "An exploratory Study of Cosmetics and Health Care Products Consumer Decision Making Process with High Loyalty On Online Auction Websites：An Exemplar of Female Consumers on Yahoo Online Auction." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/20527524124052044843.
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碩士世新大學
傳播管理學研究所(含碩專班)
94
Although the online-auction grows up fast and become an important shopping channel, but with high uncertainty to the consumers it’s hard to check the goods before buying; as for the seller, the low barrier of entry of market leads the competitive situation, and the convenience of comparing the product of price is hard to maintain consumer’s loyalty. Cosmetics and health care products are the popular products for the consumers of online auction every year, for the females, this kind of products present beauty, so the process of consuming decisions are more sophisticated, and it is more important to understand the factor of buying and re-buying behavior. This explotary research tries to understand the online auction behavior of females in Taiwan now, and tries to find the factors that affecting their buying behavior of the cosmetics and health care products on online auction, further more tries to combine the use and gratification theory and the model of consumer decision making process, and give the participants of online auction a comment of practice, including the portal site; the sellers and the consumers of online auction.
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Pereira, Susana Filipa do Vale. "Ética e Moral no processo de tomada de decisão : o caso dos alunos de Ciências Económicas e Empresariais." Master's thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1822/28003.
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Dissertação de mestrado em ContabilidadeEste trabalho tem como objetivo central conhecer a propensão dos alunos de ciências económicas e empresariais para tomar decisões éticas e morais quando confrontados com dilemas que possam surgir num contexto profissional de Contabilidade. Para além disso, pretendeu-se ainda responder a objetivos específicos relacionados com a identificação de possíveis diferenças entre as respostas dos inquiridos de acordo com as variáveis sexo, idade, nacionalidade, curso que frequentam, ano em que estão matriculados, frequência de alguma unidade curricular de ética, experiência profissional e número de anos de experiência profissional. No sentido de enquadrar teoricamente o trabalho empírico realizado, o estudo baseia-se nos conceitos genéricos da ética e da moral, através da análise da noção e raízes filosóficas que lhe deram origem, bem como uma descrição do processo de tomada de decisão ética e moral do contabilista. O estudo empírico foi realizado através de uma metodologia de investigação por questionário, entregue a alunos da Universidade do Minho, mais concretamente do 1º e 3º Anos das Licenciaturas de Economia, Gestão, Administração Pública, Negócios Internacionais, Contabilidade e Marketing, bem como a alunos do 1º Ano dos Mestrados de Contabilidade, Estudos de Gestão, Finanças, Negócios Internacionais e Gestão de Unidades de Saúde. A análise dos dados foi feita com recurso ao programa SPSS utilizando-se técnicas de estatística descritiva e testes paramétricos. O questionário utilizado foi traduzido e adaptado daquele que é exposto no artigo de Sweeney e Costello (2009). Entre as diversas conclusões obtidas neste estudo, salienta-se que os indivíduos com mais idade, os que frequentam a Licenciatura em Contabilidade e aqueles que têm um maior número de anos de experiência profissional empregam uma maior intensidade ética e moral nas decisões que tomam. Assim, concluiu-se que os estudantes de ciências económicas e empresariais têm uma propensão significativa para tomar decisões éticas e morais.
As main goal, this research intends to know the tendency of economic and business sciences students to make moral and ethical decisions when they face dilemmas that appear in a professional context of Accounting. Furthermore, it intends to answer to specific objectives regarding possible differences between the replies of the interviewed according to gender, age, nationality, course attending, year in which they are enrolled, frequency of any ethics course, professional experience and years of professional experience. In order to theoretically frame the empirical study realized, the literature review is based on the general concepts of ethics and moral through the analysis of the concept and philosophical roots that gave rise to it, as well as a description of the moral and ethical decision-making of the Accountant. The empirical study was realized through a research methodology using a questionnaire answered by students of University of Minho, particularly students from 1st and 3rd years of graduation Economics, Management, Public Administration, International Business and Accounting and Marketing degrees as well as students from 1st year of under graduate Accounting, Management Studies, Finance, International Business and Management of Health Units. Data analysis was performed with the SPSS software using techniques of descriptive statistics and parametric tests. The questionnaire was translated and adapted from the one that is exposed in Sweeney and Costello (2009) article. Among the several conclusions obtained in this research, it is noted that older individuals, those attending the graduation in Accounting and those who have a greater number of years of professional experience employ a greater moral and ethical intensity in the decisions they make. Thus, it was concluded that students of business and economic sciences have a significant propensity to make ethical and moral decisions.
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Guerra, Mariana Duarte. "The impact of sustainability information on consumers´ purchase behaviour and brand perception." Master's thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.14/34751.
Full textAbstract:
The average atmospheric temperature of the earth, prior to the industrial revolution, was approximately 14ºC. Currently it has increased 1.5ºC, and is expected to continue to escalate.
It is urgent to solve this climate crisis, and the future generation of leaders, it is our obligation
to stop this vicious cycle, and ensure a future for the next generations.
Although society is aware of this crisis, fashion consumption continues to increase, which
contributes to the destruction of our planet. Brands contribute to this factor by continuing to
manufacture and sell their products massively and with impunity. A possible solution to
mitigate such effects is to increase consumers’ awareness about the negative impact that their
choices have on the environment by stating this information clearly on products. Specifically,
this research examines the extent to which providing consumers with information about the sustainability level of products impacts their choices. Consequently, whether it allows them to
make more conscious consumption decisions. Findings from an experimental study show that providing consumers with high (vs. low) sustainability information levels positively influence
brand perceptions of sustainable brands. This effect holds even when sustainable products are more expensive. Consumers are positively influenced by the amount of sustainability
information that is available at their disposal to compare between product alternatives.
Theoretical and managerial implications are provided, namely for the development of a software that provides sustainability-related information about products so that consumers can
make choice comparisons among various product alternatives.A temperatura media da superfície da Terra, antes da revolução industrial era aproximadamente 14ºC. Atualmente aumentou cerca de 1.5ºC, e a tendência é de continuar a aumentar. É urgente solucionar esta crise climática, e como futuros líderes, é a nossa obrigação parar este ciclo vicioso, e garantir um future para as próximas gerações. Apesar de a sociedade estar consciente desta crise, o consumo de produtos da indústria da moda continua a aumentar, contribuindo para a destruição do Planeta. As marcas contribuem para este factor continuando a produzir e vender de forma massiva os seus produtos e com impunidade. Uma possível solução para mitigar estes efeitos é de informar os consumidores sobre o impacto negativo que as suas escolhas têm no ambiente, ao providenciar esta informação de forma clara. Especificamente, esta dissertação estuda quanto é que, ao providenciar esta informação aos consumidores, esta irá influenciar as suas escolhas. Consequentemente, se irá permitir que estas escolhas sejam realizadas de forma consciente. Os resultados sugerem que ao ter mais (vs. menos) informação sobre o nível de sustentabilidade dos produtos influencia positivamente a perceção da qualidade dos mesmos. Este efeito mantém-se quando os produtos sustentáveis são mais caros. Os consumidores são influenciados de forma positiva quando têm esta informação disponível, para comparar com as restantes alternativas. Implicações teóricas e de gestão são apresentadas, nomeadamente para o desenvolvimento de um software que providencia informação sobre a sustentabilidade de produtos, para assim os consumidores ao realizarem uma escolha, conseguirem comparar entre diferentes alternativas.
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Lindberg, Max. "Football clubs as brands and their supporters as consumers – how SL Benfica can attract new fans and satisfy current ones." Master's thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10071/10297.
Full textAbstract:
JEL: M31, L83The main objective of this research was to explore the complex relationship between supporters and clubs and to use the results to make a series of proposals to SL Benfica regarding their marketing strategy and relationship with its supporters. To do this, a questionnaire was made and sent out online. There were 254 respondents in total. The first section focused on the whole sample group, looking into aspects of how supporters become attached to a particular club. The second part focused on Benfica supporters, and looked into satisfaction levels with different aspects of the club and what fans want improved. The results of these questions were then crossexamined with different variables such as Age and Gender to see if relationships or differences could be found across these variables. All the results were analyzed in SPSS with the purpose of finding these relationships, and to draw conclusions. Some of the statistical tests were invalid as a result of uneven distribution in the responses. Too many of the respondents were in the younger generations compared to the older ones, and there were too many males compared to females for these tests to be valid, and so these variables could not be used in tests and no conclusions could be drawn from them. However, many of the tests were also successful, finding differences between Benfica supporters and supporters of other clubs concerning how they attach themselves to the club, whilst also finding interesting results regarding satisfaction levels and needs for improvement according to Benfica members and season ticket holders.
O principal objectivo desta investigação foi explorar a relação complexa entre os adeptos e os clubes, e utilizar os resultados para realizar um conjunto de propostas ao SL Benfica em relação à sua estratégia de marketing e à relação com os seus adeptos. Para tal, foi realizado um questionário e publicado online. Houve um total de 254 inquiridos. A primeira parte centrou-se na totalidade da amostra, observando de que forma os adeptos se tornam tão apegados a um clube em particular. A segunda parte centrou-se nos adeptos de Benfica e observou os níveis de satisfação relativamente a diferentes aspectos do clube e o que os fãs querem que seja melhorado. Os resultados destas perguntas foram cruzados com diferentes variáveis, como idade e género, para ver poderiam ser encontradas relações ou diferenças entre estas variáveis. Todos os resultados foram analisados em SPSS com a finalidade de encontrar estas relações e de chegar a uma conclusão. Alguns dos testes estatísticos foram inválidos como resultados de uma distribuição desigual das respostas. Demasiados inquiridos pertenciam a gerações mais jovens em comparação com gerações mais velhas e havia demasiados inquiridos do sexo masculino em comparação com inquiridos do sexo feminino para que estes testes fossem validados, e, por isso, não foi possível utilizar estas variáveis, nem chegar a nenhuma conclusão a partir das mesmas. No entanto, inúmeros testes foram bem sucedidos, tendo sido encontradas diferenças entre adeptos do Benfica e adeptos de outros clubes no que diz respeito à forma como se apegam ao clube, assim como também foram obtidos resultados interessantes em relação aos níveis de satisfação e às necessidades de melhoria de acordo com os sócios do Benfica e os titulares de bilhetes de temporada.
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Sephapo, Catherine Mpolokeng. "An exploratory study on the influence of brands' sponsorship on the South African national rugby team and the consumers' decision to purchase the sponsor brands in Tshwane." Diss., 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/21972.
Full textAbstract:
Organisations both locally and internationally spend large portions of their marketing budgets on sponsorship opportunities in order to achieve organisational and marketing objectives. The Springboks are in partnership with an assortment of sponsors, from main sponsors to associate sponsors to official suppliers, all with their own objectives to achieve through their affiliation with the Springboks. Although sponsorship is a rapidly growing marketing communication medium, there seems to be uncertainty about aspects related to its impact and effectiveness. The primary objective of the study was to explore the influence that the sponsorship of the Springboks has on the consumer’s decision to purchase the sponsor products within the Tshwane area. The study was an exploratory study and made use of qualitative data collection tools such as naïve sketches and focus group interviews to obtain primary data. The collected data was analysed by means of content analysis. Various variables that impact on the consumer’s final decision to purchase products can be identified and the literature states that limited knowledge exists regarding the influence of integrated marketing communication (IMC) tools on each stage of the consumer decision-making process. Psychological processes that make up consumer behaviour may be impacted by the effects of IMC and acting further to induce a specific decision from the consumer. This study provides knowledge regarding the influence of sponsorship on consumer behaviour. It was found that sponsorship can contribute to increased awareness of sponsors and that it contributes to positive attitudes maintained within the minds of the consumers. As a result of positive attitudes and increased awareness, participants mentioned that they may consider sponsor brands as alternatives in their decision-making process. The final decision to purchase sponsor brands, as indicated by participants, is not dependent on the sponsorship of the Springboks.Business Management
M. Com. (Business Management)