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1

Bainbridge, Janet. "Plant biotechnology, the regulator and the consumer." Journal of Commercial Biotechnology 11, no. 3 (April 1, 2005): 222–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.jcb.3040121.

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2

Schmulow, Andrew. "Regulating the Regulator : Improving Consumer Protection under a Twin Peaks Regulatory Framework." International Review of Financial Consumers 3, No. 1 Apr 2018 (April 1, 2018): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.36544/irfc.2018.1-1.1.

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Australia is in the midst of a financial regulatory crisis. Evidence of malpractice, fraud, criminality, contempt for the law, and the abuse of consumers on an industrial scale, all while Australia’s Twin Peaks regulators looked on, has come as a shocking surprise. The implications stretch well beyond Australia: they are relevant wherever the Australian ’Twin Peaks’ model has been adopted or is under consideration. This article argues that the Twin Peaks model must be analysed from the perspective of regulatory design, as well as implementation. The design - the architecture of Twin Peaks - remains optimal. However the implementation - the plumbing - requires urgent reforms. Drawing on the work of notable international scholars, this article proposes a new accountability framework for the two, peak regulators, in order to enhance their efficacy. In the process of rescuing Twin Peaks from its current inadequate plumbing, consumers may expect to enjoy levels of protection commensurate with those of a developed economy possessed of rule of law.
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3

Xiong, Yu, Jiaquan Yang, and Yimeng Li. "Price and carbon emission decisions under pressures of consumer, regulator and competition." International Journal of Manufacturing Technology and Management 30, no. 1/2 (2016): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijmtm.2016.075840.

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4

Meireles, Marco, and Paula Sarmento. "Incomplete Regulation, Asymmetric Information, and Collusion-Proofness." Economics Research International 2012 (February 9, 2012): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/818716.

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In an incomplete regulation framework, the regulator cannot replicate all the possible outcomes by himself since he has no influence over some firms in the market. Due to asymmetric information, it may be better for the regulator to allow the unregulated firms to extract a truthful report from the regulated firm through side-payments under collusion, and therefore the “collusion-proofness principle” may not hold. In fact, by introducing an exogenous number of unregulated firms, social welfare differences seem to favour a collusion-allowing equilibrium. However, such result will depend on the relative importance given by the regulator to the consumer surplus in the social welfare function.
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5

Schmulow, Andrew. "Financial Regulatory Governance in South Africa: The Move Towards Twin Peaks." African Journal of International and Comparative Law 25, no. 3 (August 2017): 393–417. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/ajicl.2017.0201.

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This article examines the implementation of the Twin Peaks model of financial system regulation in South Africa, the purpose of which is to create a financial system stability regulator, and a financial system consumer protection and market conduct regulator. It examines the historical development of Twin Peaks and its regulatory enforcement principles. It then analyses the similarities and differences between Twin Peaks in Australia (upon which the South African reforms are based) and South Africa. Finally the article provides concluding observations.
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6

Ebba, Jonathan, Ryan W. Dickson, Paul R. Fisher, Crysta N. Harris, Todd Guerdat, and Sofia Flores. "Fertilizer and Plant Growth Regulator Strategies for Improving Consumer Performance of Container-grown Petunia." HortTechnology 31, no. 3 (June 2021): 304–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech04757-20.

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The overall goal was to evaluate fertilizer options for greenhouse producers, with or without a plant growth regulator (PGR) application, to improve subsequent performance of container-grown annuals. Petunia (Petunia × hybrida) was the model container-grown crop in simulated production and consumer environments. The first experiment at two locations (New Hampshire and Florida) compared strategies using water-soluble fertilizer [WSF (17N–1.8P–14.1K)], controlled-release fertilizers (CRF), and slow-release fertilizers (SRF) that were either applied throughout or at the end of the 8-week production phase [point of shipping (POS)] for petunia rooted cuttings grown in 8-inch azalea containers. In the subsequent simulated “consumer” phase, container plants were irrigated with clear water (no fertilizer) for 6 weeks. Plant performance [number of flowers, SPAD chlorophyll index, dry weight, and tissue nitrogen (N)] at the end of the consumer phase was improved by top-dressing at POS with either CRF or granular organic fertilizer (both at 2.74 g/container N), or preplant incorporation of either a typical CRF at 4.12 g/container N or a CRF with an additional prill coating to delay initial release (DCT) at 2.74 g/container. There was no carry-over benefit from applying a liquid urea-chain product (1.37 or 2.74 g/container N) or top dressing with granular methylene di-urea (2.74 g/container N), or 400 mg·L–1 N (0.2 g/container N) from a liquid organic fertilizer at POS. The consumer benefit of applying 400 mg·L–1 N (0.2 g/container N) from a WSF at POS was increased by supplementing with 235 mg·L–1 magnesium (Mg) and 10 mg·L–1 iron (Fe). A second experiment in 10-inch-diameter pots evaluated the effect on consumer performance from providing 200 or 400 mg·L–1 N of WSF with the PGR paclobutrazol, at the final 1 L/pot irrigation at POS. Application of 3 mg·L–1 paclobutrazol delayed leaf yellowing and reduced plant height, width, and shoot dry weight during the consumer phase, resulting in a more compact growth habit and higher plant quality compared with plants that received no PGR, regardless of WSF treatment. Addition of supplemental 235 mg·L–1 Mg and 10 mg·L–1 Fe to the high rate of WSF and PGR did not improve consumer performance compared with other treatments that included a PGR. Overall, the first experiment demonstrated that the most effective fertilizer strategies require a CRF or SRF that will release nutrients throughout the consumer phase, and that impact of liquid fertilizer options is limited because of lower N supply per container. A single application at POS of a high rate of WSF with supplemental Mg and Fe may have short-term benefits, for example while plants are in a retail environment. Growers should consider combining a residual fertilizer with a PGR application for premium, value-added container annuals.
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7

Corchón, Luis C., and Félix Marcos. "Price Regulation in Oligopolistic Markets." ISRN Economics 2012 (December 24, 2012): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2012/509165.

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We consider price regulation in oligopolistic markets when firms are quantity setters. We consider a market for a homogeneous good with a demand function of special form (-linearity), constant returns to scale, and identical firms. Marginal costs can take two values only: low or high. Values of all parameters except the marginal costs are known to the regulator. Assuming that the regulator is risk-neutral and maximizes expected social welfare (defined as the sum of consumer surplus and profits), we characterize the optimal policy and show how this policy depends on the basic parameters of demand and costs.
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8

Тихоненко, Станіслав Вікторович, Юрій Степанович Громадський, Сергій Михайлович Савицький, and Дмитро Анатолійович Гапон. "Implementation grounding of consumer-regulator to control electric loads in the power supply systems." Technology audit and production reserves 2, no. 1(28) (March 29, 2016): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.15587/2312-8372.2016.61616.

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9

Nicholas L Tobing, Agustinus, and . "Consumer Protection Regulations in Life Insurance industry and its challenges: An empirical analysis from Indonesia." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 4.9 (October 2, 2018): 241. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.9.21088.

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Trust is a crucial factor in the financial industry. Some financial scandals that had impacted Indonesia include the economic crisis in 1998 and have encouraged the regulator to apply adequate consumer protection for the people of Indonesia. In addition, the existence of adequate consumer protection will have a direct impact on the Indonesian financial industry, especially the life insurance sector where the penetration rate is still low in the last 10 years. In the Indonesian context, the implementation of consumer protection is immature and inconsistent. Based on empirical research, this paper explored the existing conditions of consumer protection implementation across life insurance industry in Indonesia. Moreover, this paper also analyzed the perception of the benefits and the challenges in implementing such requirements. The study found that consumer protection is still at the work in progress stage, inconsistent and not optimally implemented although there are number of benefits and risks if it were implemented as required. This condition has arisen due to the lack of regulator’s commitment in the consistent implementation, lack of assurance on the quality, improper selling process, as well as limitations in capability and competence in the appointed dispute resolution body. This study suggests a number of actions: [1] Periodic regulator quality assurance for the quality of implementation in the form of assurance review and sanctions impose; [2] strengthening the need based selling for life insurance companies; [3] developing an effective and measurable financial literacy and financial inclusion programs for consumers; [4] building a life insurance product and process related competency and capability of the arbitrator and mediator from the appointed dispute resolution; and [5] establishing awareness and the existence of the dispute resolution body across cities in Indonesia.
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10

Kreng, Victor B., and May-Yao Huang. "Corporate Social Responsibility: Consumer Behavior, Corporate Strategy, and Public Policy." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 39, no. 4 (May 30, 2011): 529–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2011.39.4.529.

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In this theoretical article the concept of feedback with a system perspective and the system dynamics of cause-effect feedback circuits are used to explore the dynamic relationships among consumer behavior, corporate strategy, and public policy with regard to 2 aspects of corporate social responsibility; making a profit and providing social services. A good harmony with consumer behavior is based on emotion, with consumers playing the roles of demander and care receiver. In addition, effective corporate strategy and policy is based on reason, with the corporation playing the roles of supplier and philanthropist. Finally, the regulations established by public policy are based on law, and thus public policy plays the roles of guider and regulator.
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11

Feng, Jing, Yanfei Lan, and Ruiqing Zhao. "Regulating a Firm under Adverse Selection and Moral Hazard in Uncertain Environment." Abstract and Applied Analysis 2014 (2014): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/419207.

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This paper investigates a problem of how to regulate a firm which has private information about the market capacity, leading to adverse selection, and which can increase the market demand by exerting costly effort, resulting in moral hazard. In such a setting, the regulator offers a regulatory policy to the firm with the objective of maximizing a weighted sum of the consumer surplus and the firm’s profit (i.e., the social total surplus). We firstly find that the regulator will set the firm’s effort level as zero under observable effort regardless of the market capacity being full or private information; that is, the effort has no impact on the optimal regulatory policy. Interestingly, we also show that, it is necessary for regulator to consider the difference between the effort’s impact on the demand and the price’s impact on the demand, which may generate different distortion effects about the regulatory policy.
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12

Suwandono, Agus. "Pendekatan Holistik Transportasi Berbasis Aplikasi dalam Kerangka Hukum Perlindungan Konsumen." Mimbar Hukum - Fakultas Hukum Universitas Gadjah Mada 31, no. 1 (May 2, 2019): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jmh.33848.

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AbstractRegulations of transportation based applications still get a rejection, while the government as the regulator may concern to provide protection for public transport providers and consumers. This research method is the juridical normative with descriptive analytical specifications. The results showed that the regulations of the transportation-based application should pay attention to the interests of consumers, businessperson and the government. In addition, there are no regulation abaut ojek online causes the absence of legal certainty to the existence of ojek online. Legal protection of the consumer transportation based applications in some aspects have fulfilled this aspect of consumer protection, by remaining attentive to the rights of other consumers. IntisariPengaturan transportasi berbasis aplikasi masih saja mendapatkan penolakan, sementara pemerintah selaku regulator berkepentingan untuk memberikan perlindungan bagi angkutan konvensional dan konsumen. Penelitian ini bersifat yuridis normatif dengan spesifikasi deskriftif analitis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengaturan transportasi berbasis aplikasi harus memperhatikan kepentingan konsumen, pelaku usaha dan pemerintah. Selain itu, tidak diaturnya ojek online menyebabkan tidak adanya kepastian hukum terhadap keberadaan ojek online. Perlindungan hukum terhadap konsumen transportasi berbasis aplikasi dalam beberapa aspek telah memenuhi aspek perlindungan konsumen, dengan tetap memperhatikan hak-hak konsumen yang lainnya.
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13

Yudina, O. "The Essence and Main Differences of Consumer Societies from Credit Consumer Cooperatives in the Light of Attracting Citizens' Funds." Scientific Research and Development. Economics 9, no. 6 (January 10, 2022): 51–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/2587-9111-2021-9-6-51-55.

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The article is devoted to the comparative analysis of the essence of consumer and credit cooperatives in the context of attracting citizens' funds, the transformation of their economic processes and functions in the genesis of microeconomic development. The research is based on the analysis of historical documents and Russian publications, as well as on statistical conclusions of economic data. The aim of the study was to study the evolution of consumer societies and credit cooperatives as instruments for attracting household finances on the example of Russian and foreign companies since the middle of the XIX century. Semantic definitions of the categories consumer society and consumer credit cooperative, tasks and historical stages of the development of the studied communication tools in the field of attracting the means of the population are determined. The author's experience of comparative characteristics of the analyzed economic entities is proposed, reflecting the risks, advantages and disadvantages of the studied communication objects. The functions of the Bank of Russia as the main regulator of consumer credit cooperatives are disclosed. The final results of the study substantiate the importance of financial literacy and present an algorithm that allows the population to distinguish the legal activities of consumer credit cooperatives from fraudsters.
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14

Conklin, Kathy, Richard Hyde, and Fabio Parente. "Assessing plain and intelligible language in the Consumer Rights Act: a role for reading scores?" Legal Studies 39, no. 3 (January 10, 2019): 378–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/lst.2018.25.

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AbstractUnder the Consumer Rights Act 2015 consumer contracts and consumer notices are required to be expressed in plain and intelligible language. This is a difficult concept to capture. Determining whether a contract is expressed in plain and intelligible language involves resource-intensive work by regulators and difficult adjudications by courts. This paper explores whether reading scores present a viable alternative. Can a simple computer program tell a consumer, a business, a regulator or the court that a particular contract is not expressed in plain and intelligible language? The paper begins by exploring the concept and role of plain and intelligible language in the Consumer Rights Act, before considering the ways that reading scores have developed and been used in legal contexts. We then report on the findings of an experimental examination of insurance contracts using a basket of reading scores, using our findings to draw conclusions about the utility of reading scores in determining whether a contract is expressed in plain and intelligible language. We find that reading scores can play a role in such determinations, but that further work is needed to provide appropriate tools for business, regulators and courts to use in assessing plain and intelligible language.
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Sandhu, Daljit Kaur, Afida Mastura Muhammad Arif, Elistina Abu Bakar, and Husniyah Abd Rahim. "The Role of Regulator and NGOs in Developing Credit Community and Consumer Sovereignty in Malaysia." Pertanika Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities 30, no. 1 (March 7, 2022): 191–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.47836/pjssh.30.1.11.

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The purpose of regulating the Credit Community industry is to standardise moneylenders’ business compliance so that consumers may freely choose where to pursue their moneylending transactions. Media reported an increasing trend on breaching of consumers’ sovereignty by the moneylenders in Malaysia. Thus, the primary role of regulation effectiveness comes into the limelight. It raises the question of whether regulation enhancement supports or deter consumers’ sovereignty. The study was undertaken in Selangor and Kuala Lumpur, where most of the consumers’ issues were handled by non-governmental organisations (NGOs). The phenomenology approach was used to extract the three NGO leaders’ experiences and four regulator officers’ when dealing with the consumers and the licensed moneylenders’ issues. Data from semi-structured interviews and moneylending literature were uploaded into Nvivo 12 for thematic analysis. Findings revealed three themes: the non-governmental organisations’ role as the “watchdog”, the regulator’s educational role, and the regulator’s role in uplifting consumers’ sovereignty. The findings reveal a tendency for consumers with moneylending issues to seek NGOs, which affect the effort of seeking redress. The implication is for the regulator to take the lead in strengthening a three-way working relationship involving the moneylenders’ associations and the NGOs to resolve consumers sovereignty issues.
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Habibi, Roojin, Line Guénette, Joel Lexchin, Ellen Reynolds, Mary Wiktorowicz, and Barbara Mintzes. "Regulating Information or Allowing Deception? Pharmaceutical Sales Visits in Canada, France, and the United States." Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 44, no. 4 (2016): 602–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1073110516684803.

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Diverse legal and regulatory measures are used internationally to control the information provided during pharmaceutical sales visits. Little is known about the comparative effectiveness of these measures however. We analyzed the perceptions of regulators, pharmaceutical industry officials, health professionals, and consumer respondents concerning these approaches in Canada, France, and the United States using an empirical realist interests-based approach. Interviews focused on the aims and effectiveness of regulation, barriers and enablers to regulation and suggestions for improvement. An alignment was found in North America regulator and industry respondents' satisfaction with the status quo and their view that further intervention is unfeasible and unnecessary. Health professionals generally expressed a lack of confidence in the impact of regulations on sales visit information while consumer advocates voiced their disappointment in both regulators and health professionals for their failure to counteract the influence of pharmaceutical marketing. Regulator and industry respondents in France differed from their North American counterparts in their willingness to increase and diversify the scope of regulatory interventions. As the first international comparison of regulatory experiences in this sector, the findings highlight the universal need for more focused and inclusive discussions among groups about how to tailor regulations to achieve public health goals.
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Mehta, Pradeep S. "Economic Regulations, Competition, and Consumer Protection in Ancient India." Antitrust Bulletin 63, no. 3 (June 20, 2018): 316–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0003603x18780557.

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The ancient Indian texts, mainly Manusmriti and Arthashastra, not only paint a vivid picture of flourishing trade and commerce in ancient India, but also provide detailed account of various regulations that were in force to tackle foul play in the markets. It is learned that the Ancient India was a “mixed economy” adhering to the socio-economic philosophy of a “welfare state”. The reliance on market forces to deliver social goods was less. In general, the state was both regulator and competitor, including state enjoying monopoly over certain sectors, such as mines and mineral. This article is divided into four parts. The first part introduces the audience to the ancient Indian ethos, where dharma (duty) was the backbone of the civilisation that made the society righteous and duty-centred. The second part gives an overview of ancient India’s economic activities along with a short account of sectoral regulations. The covered sectors are: mines and minerals, agriculture, industry, forest produce, liquor, trade and commerce, transport and communication, finance, and justice administration. The third part presents a competition analysis of the then regulations. It analysed the state monopolies, state as regulator and competitor, the prevalence of the guild system, differential regulatory treatments, price control, treatment of cartels and consumer protection. The fourth part is the conclusion.
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18

Healey, Deborah J. "Strange Bedfellows or Soulmates: A Comparison of Merger Regulation in China and Australia." Asian Journal of Comparative Law 7 (2012): 1–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s219460780000065x.

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AbstractChina and Australia are extremely significant trade partners and investors. Australia has a very well established competition law, now called the Competition and Consumer Law 2010, with a well-established merger regime. China has a relatively new competition law, the Anti-Monopoly Law 2007. This article compares merger control in the two jurisdictions. The Ministry of Commerce (MOFCOM) has already referred to an Australian decision in rejecting a merger, the only reference to a foreign decision to date, which confirms the utility of the comparison. This article critically evaluates the determinations of MOFCOM and compares the approach of the Australian Competition and Consumer Commission (ACCC), the Australian regulator. It assesses the transparency and predictability of procedures and decision-making in the two jurisdictions.
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19

Zhu, Ying, May Chu, Xiaowei Wen, and Yiqin Wang. "Food Safety Risk Communication between the Food Regulator and Consumer in China: An Evolutionary Game Perspective." Complexity 2021 (August 17, 2021): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9933796.

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Food safety risk communication has attracted widespread attention in China. The government is the leader in food risk communication. It has even more impact on consumers’ willingness to communicate food risk. Thus, this paper constructs a risk communication game model composed of the central government, local government, and consumers under food safety regulatory agencies in China. Based on the evolutionary game theory, we achieved the evolutionary stable equilibrium points under complying different constraint conditions by solving the replicator dynamic equations of parties in the dynamic system. In the end, some numerical examples have been displayed to simulate the agents’ choices. The results show that penalty cost, governance intensity, communication cost, and reputation of the government have an essential impact on consumers’ enthusiasm for food safety risk communication decision-making behavior. Furthermore, the choice of food safety risk communication strategies is performed with a dynamic process, which is constantly adjusted and optimized. The evolutionary game system can converge on an ideal state under certain conditions. Moreover, this study proposes suggestions and measures conducive to the tripartite game, which can offer valuable guidance on food risk communication practice and improve government efficiency in China. This research can provide the evolutionary mechanism and broaden our understanding of the relationship between food safety risk governance and food risk communication strategies.
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20

Pavlova, Natalia. "BEHAVIORAL ASPECTS OF REGULATOR DECISIONS." Scientific Research of Faculty of Economics. Electronic Journal 9, no. 1 (March 28, 2017): 7–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.38050/2078-3809-2017-9-1-7-18.

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The findings of many behavioral economics studies have led many experts to share the view that the effects of limited rationality can be solved through the proper development of the menu options available to the consumer. The devising of such a menu rests on the shoulders of regulators. However, the question arises as to how regulators themselves, in turn, are limitedly rational, and how much they are motivated to provide an optimal menu of contracts that ensures maximum social welfare, given that designing such a menu is costly. This paper systematizes the main manifestations of limited rationality which can influence decision-making by regulators. An attempt is made to answer two questions: is there a need and possibility to take into account the limited rationality of civil servants in modeling the actions of the regulator and are special practical measures required to correct for the identified effects.
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Miroshnichenko, Dmitry. "The impact of the Bank of Russia’s macroprudential policy on the risk exposure of banks’ consumer loan portfolios." Russian Journal of Money and Finance 80, no. 3 (September 2021): 73–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.31477/rjmf.202103.73.

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In this paper, the author examines the efficiency of risk weight add-ons introduced by the Bank of Russia depending on borrowers’ debt burden in terms of discouraging high-risk unsecured rouble consumer lending and the effect of these add-ons on banks’ capital adequacy. The analysis is based on open bank reporting data for the period from October 2019 through August 2020. We show that in this time frame, most banks increased their capital. At the same time, the results obtained do not enable us to confirm the hypothesis that this measure has a pronounced effect on the reduction of the risk profile of consumer loan portfolios. We demonstrate that one of the factors that influenced the efficiency of measures introduced by the regulator is the substantially higher profitability of retail lending as compared to corporate lending.
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Tal, Aner, Yaniv Gvili, and Moty Amar. "Visual Size Matters: The Effect of Product Depiction Size on Calorie Estimates." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 23 (November 25, 2021): 12392. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182312392.

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Consumers’ calorie estimates are often biased and inaccurate. Even the presence of relevant nutritional information may not suffice to prevent consumer biases in calorie estimation. The current work demonstrates across two studies that visual cues given by larger product depictions lead to increased calorie estimates. Further, it demonstrates that these effects occur even when consumers are given, and notice, information about product quantity. The findings thus shed light on a novel biasing effect on consumer calorie evaluation, and, more generally, the findings provide evidence for the importance of visual inputs over textual ones in consumers’ nutritional assessment of food products. In this, the current research provides insights relevant to helping nutritional literacy via awareness of biasing influences on caloric assessment. In the same manner, the research also provides insights that may assist the regulator protecting consumers by highlighting factors biasing nutritional assessment.
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Al-Sakkaf, Ali. "Campylobacteriosis in New Zealand: A new twist to the tale? Part two (the consumer and the regulator)." Food Control 33, no. 2 (October 2013): 562–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2013.03.050.

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24

Vasilyev, Yu S., V. V. Elistratov, I. G. Kudryasheva, M. M. Mukhammadiyev, and B. U. Urishev. "Use of maneuverable properties of hydroelectric power plants and hydro-accumulating power plants for improving reliability and operating efficiency of electric power systems of commonwealth countries (using example of power plants of Russia and the Republic of Uzbekistan)." E3S Web of Conferences 216 (2020): 01139. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202021601139.

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The possibilities of using shunting properties of HPP units, HAPS (Hydro-accumulating power system) for energy storage and redistribution, as well as Pump Station as a consumer of the regulator in night load dips to increase the reliability of the electric power system (EPS) in the conditions of the current increase in the share of non-nondestructive capacities in Russia and Uzbekistan and the implementation of programs for the development of renewable energy sources, primarily the construction of wind and solar power plants, were considered.
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Mulyadin, Sri Ernawati,. "Rimpu Culture In Mbojo Tribe Consumer Behavior In The West Nusa Tenggara Province." Jurnal Manajemen 23, no. 3 (September 27, 2019): 338. http://dx.doi.org/10.24912/jm.v23i3.568.

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Culture is a complex symbol and fact created by humans passed down from generation to generation as a determinant and regulator of human behavior in existing societies. Researcher was interested in researching the Rimpu Cultural Phenomenon influencing Consumer Behavior in the Mbojo tribe community in West Nusa Tenggara. The study was conducted in Mbojo Tribe which included three regional governments, namely Bima City, Bima and Dompu Districts, with the object of research being the Mbojo tribe who bought Bima's unique sarong to be used as Rimpu. Data collection techniques used in this study, namely (a) Qutionary, (b) Observation, (c) Literature study. Research Variable Measurements using likes scale by spreading questionnaire to 100 people, Analysis of data using multiple linear .The results show that Cultural variable, Sub Culture variable and Social Class Variables has an influence on consumer behavior of the Mbojo Tribe in West Nusa Tenggara Province.
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26

Golodnyi, I., and A. Sanchenko. "Spectral analysis of the supply current of the rl load with a voltage regulator based on a pulse-line converter." Energy and automation, no. 4(56) (August 30, 2021): 146–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.31548/energiya2021.04.146.

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Pulse-width voltage regulators are gaining increasing use in industry, especially in variable speed drives. At the same time, little research has been done in the field of electromagnetic compatibility (spectral composition of current consumption). The aim of the study is to determine, using computer simulation, the nonsinusoidality of the current consumption with an RL-load from a voltage regulator based on a pulse-width conversion. The study of the spectral composition of the supply current of an active-inductive load with a pulse-width voltage regulator was carried out using the provisions of the theory of electrical circuits of sinusoidal and non-sinusoidal periodic current using computer simulation. To analyze the spectral composition of the supply current of the RL-load with the selected voltage regulator, a simulation computer model was created, which consisted of a three-phase power supply and an RL-load, a rectifier with a transistor switch. The regulation of the applied voltage to the consumer was carried out according to the principle of a pulse-width voltage converter. As a result of studying a model of a regulated power supply based on a pulse-width converter and working on an active-inductive load, it was found that even with an initial voltage of the fundamental harmonic regulator of 34 V, the nonsinusoidality of the consumption current is 0.19%, which corresponds to the quality standard for electricity. It is advisable to use this regulator for a controlled electric drive of ventilation systems with an increased slip motor, for example, in "Climate-4M" units. Key words: semiconductor voltage converter, pulse-width converter, higher harmonics, RL-load
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27

Haim, Liran. "Rethinking Consumer Protection Policy in Financial Markets." Journal of Law and Commerce 32, no. 1 (October 25, 2013): 23–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/jlc.2013.58.

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Financial products for consumers usually are characterized by complexity and incomprehensibility. Consumers typically find themselves defeated when attempting to control their financial destiny by understanding these products. This Article explores the economic and social factors that lead to this reality, analyzes its highly negative private and social ramifications and proposes an appropriate policy response. I argue that the current market structure creates a reality in which financial institutions are motivated to produce complex financial products for consumers in order to maximize their profits. This market structure, combined with inadequate policy, induces inefficiency by allocating the comprehension costs of financial products to the consumer. My thesis is that a fundamental change in risk allocation policy will steer the market toward consumer comprehension of financial products and, therefore, will reduce private and social costs, increase consumer trust in financial institutions and promote social cohesion. I propose a new default liability rule under which financial institutions would be required to introduce internal procedures and mechanisms to ensure product comprehension among all of their consumers. To encourage maximum compliance with my proposal, I suggest implementing a reputation-based incentives method that would require every financial institution branch to publicly post a service quality ranking assigned by the regulator. I also support a trust-oriented licensing policy that would encourage the inclusion of new trustworthy financial institutions in the market and offer the implementation of a new regime for supervising financial product contract terms.
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RASHA, ALTELFAH. "INFLUENCE OF TAXES ON INFLATION." EKONOMIKA I UPRAVLENIE: PROBLEMY, RESHENIYA 3, no. 3 (2020): 46–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.36871/ek.up.p.r.2020.03.03.008.

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The article discusses the impact of tax policy of the Russian Federation on inflation. Growth in inflation negatively affects the Russian budget, consumer demand and corporate activity. In turn, this negatively affects the amount of tax revenues and their collection. Since fiscal policy as a whole functions as a regulator of government spending and taxes, using its methods it is possible to purposefully regulate inflationary pro-cesses. Correct use of fiscal policy instruments leads to a stable, balanced growth of the economy and living standards of the population.
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Etches, Marc W. "INTRODUCTION." Journal of Gambling Business and Economics 7, no. 3 (December 9, 2013): i—ii. http://dx.doi.org/10.5750/jgbe.v7i3.815.

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Welcome to this special edition of the Journal of Gambling Business and Economics.In Great Britain, it has become a regulatory and commercial imperative, to better understand consumer behaviour in relation to gaming machines and gambling-related harm. Businesses seek to improve their offering of gambling-related products and services in relation to market demand which may include changes to game parameters (e.g., increases in stakes and prizes). The regulator seeks to foster an environment where the gambling industry can flourish, but not at the expense of the well-being of consumers generally, and vulnerable players in particular.
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Steynberg, M. C. "Drinking water quality assessment practices: an international perspective." Water Supply 2, no. 2 (April 1, 2002): 43–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2002.0044.

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The complexity of compliance monitoring was acknowledged by The Standards and Monitoring Committee of IWA who initiated a task force to investigate international practices. Results from an initial survey indicated that although most countries do have drinking water quality guidelines, only a few are enforcing these guidelines. It was evident that most of these countries do not incorporate analytical variability in the application of analytical results for compliance studies. A clear link between the regulator, the producer and the analyst does not exist. An effective system that assesses compliance to drinking water specifications and at the same time ensures the consumer safe and healthy water, therefore, does not exist for most consumers. In an effort to provide guidance to members of IWA, the water supplier, the analyst and the regulator, workshops should be held during the next two conferences of IWA. The output of these workshops should be guiding documents and networking opportunities that will facilitate effective and efficient skills transfer for compliance monitoring of drinking water in all the countries of the world.
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Mahmudova, Muhabbat, and Veronika Efremova. "Dynamics of the Consumer Spending Multiplier As a Reference Point for the State's Economic Policy in Difficult Economic Conditions." Scientific Research and Development. Economics 9, no. 4 (August 31, 2021): 10–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/2587-9111-2021-9-4-10-13.

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In difficult economic conditions, it is important to choose effective tools for state regulation of economic processes that take into account the goals, state and capabilities of the regulator. The article presents an assessment of the sensitivity of the dynamics of consumer spending to changes in the monetary income of the population in order to consider the possibility of further use of this parameter in the system of measures to stabilize the national economy. The dependence of the multiplier of expenditures and the rate of gross production in the country is revealed. The variants of state intervention adequate to modern economic conditions are proposed.
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Brito, Duarte, Pedro Pereira, and João Vareda. "Investment, Dynamic Consistency and the Sectoral Regulator’s Objective." B.E. Journal of Economic Analysis & Policy 13, no. 2 (August 10, 2013): 563–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bejeap-2013-0026.

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Abstract This article explores the possibility of distorting the regulator’s objective function as a way of overcoming the dynamic consistency problem of regulatory policy toward investment. We derive general conditions under which having the legislator distort the regulator’s objective function away from social welfare allows increasing the range of parameter values for which it is possible to induce socially desirable investment. In particular, we show that when the regulator cannot commit to a regulatory policy, the legislator should give a relatively higher weight to the incumbent’s profit in the regulator’s objective function, if the incumbent invests, and a relatively higher weight to consumer surplus, if the incumbent does not invest.
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ARKAUTI, V. V., L. V. KASAEVA, O. G. MATVEEVA, M. A. SKAEV, and K. K. TSGOEV. "MICROFINANCE ORGANIZATIONS IN RUSSIA: PROBLEMS OF TAXATION AND DEVELOPMENT TRENDS IN THE CONDITIONS OF "DIGITALIZATION" OF THE ECONOMY." EKONOMIKA I UPRAVLENIE: PROBLEMY, RESHENIYA 6, no. 12 (2020): 59–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.36871/ek.up.p.r.2020.12.06.009.

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The article examines the main trends and prospects of development of microfinance institutions (MFIs) Russia in terms of digitalization of the economy, actual problems of regulation, taxation and their role in the system of consumer lending; the UN's role in the development of microfinance; the essence, characteristics and development status of legislation on MFIs in Russia. The issues related to the practice, the specifics of the taxation of MFIs, the procedure for submitting reporting forms to the Central Bank of the Russian Federation, the Federal Tax Service of Russia are considered. The authors note the need to amend the legislation on microfinance activities and create programs for its support by the financial market regulator of the Russian Federation.
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Pahl, L. I., and R. Sharp. "Stakeholder expectations for environmental assurance in agriculture: lessons from the pastoral industry." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 47, no. 3 (2007): 260. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea06019.

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This paper outlines the expectations of a wide range of stakeholders for environmental assurance in the pastoral industries and agriculture generally. Stakeholders consulted were domestic consumers, rangeland graziers, members of environmental groups, companies within meat and wool supply chains, and agricultural industry, environmental and consumer groups. Most stakeholders were in favour of the application of environmental assurance to agriculture, although supply chains and consumers had less enthusiasm for this than environmental and consumer groups. General public good benefits were more important to environmental and consumer groups, while private benefits were more important to consumers and supply chains. The ‘ideal’ form of environmental assurance appears to be a management system that provides for continuous improvement in environmental, quality and food safety outcomes, combined with elements of ISO 14024 eco-labelling such as life-cycle assessment, environmental performance criteria, third-party certification, labelling and multi-stakeholder involvement. However, market failure prevents this from being implemented and will continue to do so for the foreseeable future. In the short term, members of supply chains (the people that must implement and fund environmental assurance) want this to be kept simple and low cost, to be built into their existing industry standards and to add value to their businesses. As a starting point, several agricultural industry organisations favour the use of a basic management system, combining continuous improvement, risk assessment and industry best management practice programs, which can be built on over time to meet regulator, market and community expectations.
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Nauwelaerts, W. "Practitioner’s Corner ∙ GDPR - The Perfect Privacy Storm: You Can Run from the Regulator, but You Cannot Hide from the Consumer." European Data Protection Law Review 3, no. 2 (2017): 251–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.21552/edpl/2017/2/20.

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Henderson, Julie, John Coveney, and Paul Ward. "Who regulates food? Australians' perceptions of responsibility for food safety." Australian Journal of Primary Health 16, no. 4 (2010): 344. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py10011.

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Food scares have diminished trust in public institutions to guarantee food safety. Food governance after the food scare era is concerned with institutional independence and transparency leading to a hybrid of public and private sector management and to mechanisms for consumer involvement in food governance. This paper explores Australian consumers’ perceptions of who is, and should be responsible for food safety. Forty-seven participants were interviewed as part of a larger study on trust in the food system. Participants associate food governance with government, industry, and the individual. While few participants can name the national food regulator, there is a strong belief that the government is responsible for regulating the quality and safety of food. Participants are wary of the role of the food industry in food safety, believing that profit motives will undermine effective food regulation. Personal responsibility for food safety practices was also identified. While there are fewer mechanisms for consumer involvement and transparency built into the food governance system, Australian consumers display considerable trust in government to protect food safety. There is little evidence of the politicisation of food, reflecting a level of trust in the Australian food governance system that may arise from a lack of exposure to major food scares.
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Gerasimenko, Valentina. "Development of the e-Commerce platform market in Russia: structure, expansion, trends." Moscow University Economics Bulletin, no. 2 (April 30, 2021): 33–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.38050/01300105202122.

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This article examines current e-Commerce platforms market. The subject of the research is the processes of market adaptation to the new conditions of digitalization and future development trends. The scope and structural aspects of digitalization of consumer markets, the new role, and prospects for the development of digital e-Commerce platforms have determined the purpose of this study. Methodology and approach. To understand and evaluate the development, scope and structure of e-commerce markets in Russia in the context of the pandemic shock, we use methods of statistical analysis of the information collected by various Internet services. The calculations were carried out using data from Internet traffic analytics on digital statistical information resources. Findings. The study shows that digital technologies create new mechanisms of consumer choice and modify the principles of competition. In this new reality, changes in the markets structure are already under way. As a result, there are incentives to consolidate e-Commerce platforms which can lead not only to positive but also to negative economic effects, for example, for small and medium-sized businesses, and will require the attention of the regulator to ensure the protection of their economic interests. This question should be the subject of further scientific research.
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Schmidt, Hedvig. "Competition Law and IP Rights: Not So Complementary: Time for Re-alignment of the Goals?" World Competition 42, Issue 4 (December 1, 2019): 451–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/woco2019025.

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This article argues through a US/EU comparative assessment of the intellectual property (IP) law goals and competition law goals that whilst the overarching goals of competition law and IP rights to enhance overall economic welfare are still complementary, internal conflicts within the two legal spheres are jeopardizing the achievement of these goals. Within the IP laws the private/public reward/incentive to innovate equilibrium is now being tilted in favour of private interests due to recent developments in terms of rapid innovation in digital economy markets and technologies coupled with an expansion of IP rights and increase in patents grants and their width. This has a knock-on effect on the application of the competition rules as a second-tier regulator of IP rights. However, the competition rules also face its own battle in keeping up with the fast-developing digital economy, the concerns regarding Big Data and online platforms raising questions about the sustainability of the ‘consumer welfare’ framework as an optimal standard to ensure effective competition in these markets. Consequently, there is a danger that the competition rules and the IP rights will be out of quilter, risking stifling of innovation and harm to consumer welfare, unless adjustment is made within the two legal spheres.
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CARPENTER, DANIEL P. "Protection without Capture: Product Approval by a Politically Responsive, Learning Regulator." American Political Science Review 98, no. 4 (November 2004): 613–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003055404041383.

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When policy arrangements appear to favor well-organized and wealthy interests, should we infer “capture” of the political process? In particular, might larger firms receive regulatory “protection” even when the regulatory agency is not captured by producers? I model regulatory approval—product approval, licensing, permitting and grant making—as a repeated optimal stopping problem faced by a learning regulator subject to variable political pressure. The model is general but stylistically applied to pharmaceutical regulation. Under the assumption that consumers are differentially organized, but producers are not, there nonetheless exist two forms of “protection” for larger, older producers. First, firms submitting more applications may expect quicker and more likely approvals, even in cases where their reputations for safety are below industry average. Second, “early entrants” to an exclusive market niche (disease) receive shorter expected approval times than later entrants, even when later entrants offer known quality improvements. The findings extend to cases of bounded rationality and a reduced form of endogenous firm submissions. The model shows that even interest-neutral “consumer” regulation can generate protectionist outcomes, and that commonly adduced evidence for capture is often observationally equivalent to evidence for other models of regulation.
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Morsanova, Anastasiya. "Distribution of creative works protected by copyright." Moscow University Economics Bulletin, no. 5 (October 31, 2021): 110–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.38050/01300105202156.

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This article addresses possible structural alternatives for the dissemination of the results of intellectual activity (RIA), which reflect setting of optimal price and level of technical protection. The paper argues that digital piracy is not always a negative factor for the author or copyright owner but may be a signal indicating an inefficiently of RIA distributing method. The developed model demonstrates the choice of RIA distribution strategy depending on various factors: author's popularity, the difference in quality between the original RIA and pirated copy, legal protection level. The findings regarding the possibilities of combining legal and technical protection, consumer behavior and the positive effects of digital piracy will help the regulator to apply more effective measures. The article is written on the basis of the RANEPA state assignment research program.
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Жаринов, Игорь Олегович. "CYBER-PRODUCTION MARKETING IN ECONOMIC MODELS OF RELATIONS: BUSINESS FOR BUSINESS, BUSINESS FOR THE CONSUMER AND BUSINESS FOR THE STATE." Вестник Тверского государственного университета. Серия: Экономика и управление, no. 1(57) (April 6, 2022): 35–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.26456/2219-1453/2022.1.035-048.

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Маркетинговые коммуникации бизнеса в условиях Индустрии 4.0 претерпевают изменения, связанные с возникновением новых форм экономических отношений, субъектами в которых выступают киберпроизводственные компании, розничные потребители и государственный регулятор. В сегменте киберпроизводства актуальными для рынка являются шеринг киберфизических систем и кастомизация продукции, сервис-ориентированные на широкого потребителя и индивидуального заказчика. Рассматриваются модели отношений: бизнес для бизнеса, бизнес для потребителя и бизнес для государства, адаптированные для реализации киберпроизводственными компаниями. Модель «бизнес для бизнеса» имеет перспективы внедрения в операционные отношения цифровых, умных и виртуальных фабрик, осуществляющих замкнутый цикл киберпроектирования и киберпроизводства. Модель «бизнес для покупателя» востребована в отношениях розничных потребителей, взаимодействующих через интернет-сервисы с цифровыми проектно-производственными и торговыми компаниями. Модель «бизнес для государства» используется в коммерческих отношениях проектно-производственных и эксплуатирующих компаний со структурами, в которых власть выступает централизованным потребителем продукции или услуги, имеющих социальное или стратегическое значение. Приводятся схемы взаимодействия киберпроизводственных компаний с физическими лицами, частными бизнес-партнерами и государственными заказчиками. The industry 4.0 business marketing communications are undergone the changes related to the new economic relations forms, which subjects are cyber-production companies, retail consumers and the State regulator. The cyber-production sector components actual for the market are the cyber-physical systems sharing and the product customizing oriented for a service of a wide consumer and an individual bidder. The relations models are being studied: business-to-business, business-to-consumer and business-to-government adapted to be implemented by cyber-production companies. The business-to-business model is perspective to be implemented into digital, smart and virtual factories operation relations making a closed cycle of cyber-design and cyber-production. The business-to-consumer model is demanded for retail consumers relations interacting through internet services with digital design and production and trading companies. The business-to-government model is used in commercial relations of design and production and exploiting companies with structures where the authority is the central product or service consumer with its industrial or strategic importance. There are the cyber-production company’s interaction schemes with physical individuals given including private business partners and State clients.
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Darke, Peter R., Laurence Ashworth, and Robin J. B. Ritchie. "Damage from Corrective Advertising: Causes and Cures." Journal of Marketing 72, no. 6 (November 2008): 81–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1509/jmkg.72.6.081.

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Corrective advertising can be problematic because it undermines responses both to other products advertised by the corrected firm and to products advertised by second-party advertisers. However, a positive reputation insulates second-party firms from these carryover effects, provided that this reputation is based on an endorsement from an independent regulator. Furthermore, firm responses that include an explanation for the misleading claim prove to be effective in avoiding the negative side effects of correction. These findings add to the correction literature by (1) showing that this form of regulation can have much broader side effects than demonstrated previously, (2) identifying distrust as the mechanism by which these effects occur, and (3) suggesting strategies to protect firms from the negative side effects of correction. The findings also support the defensive consumer distrust model and help define the scope of this model.
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Pielak, Marlena, Ewa Czarniecka-Skubina, and Artur Głuchowski. "Effect of Sugar Substitution with Steviol Glycosides on Sensory Quality and Physicochemical Composition of Low-Sugar Apple Preserves." Foods 9, no. 3 (March 5, 2020): 293. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods9030293.

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The purpose of this study was to determine the sensory profile and consumer response, as well as physicochemical properties of low-sugar apple preserves (with or without gelling agent or acidity regulator), in which sugar was replaced with varying amounts of steviol glycosides (SGs). According to the analytical assessment and consumer tests’ results, the reduction of sugar by SGs use in the apple preserves without food additives was possible at a substitution level of 10% (0–0.05 g/100 g). Consumers’ degree of liking for sugar substitution with SGs was high, up to 40% (0.20 g/100 g) in the preserves, with the use of pectin and citric acid. Higher levels of sugar substitution with the SGs resulted in flavor and odor deterioration, such as a metallic flavor and odor, a bitter taste, an astringent oral sensation, and a sharp odor. The use of food additives (pectin, citric acid) in apple preserves, allowed the SGs substitution level to be increased. The preserves (Experiment I, II, III) with higher sensory ratings were subjected to physicochemical tests. Physical and chemical analysis of low-sugar products with sucrose substitution by SGs at the level of 10%, 30%, 40% showed their good technological quality. The results demonstrated the possibility of substituting sugar with steviol glycosides to produce energy-reduced apple preserves, with acceptable sensory quality and good physicochemical properties.
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Karpenko, M., and O. Stelma. "THE DYNAMIC MODEL OF ECONOMIC EQUILIBILITY AS A COMPONENT OF DISTANCE EDUCATION SYSTEMS." Municipal economy of cities 3, no. 156 (July 1, 2020): 88–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.33042/2522-1809-2020-3-156-88-93.

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The article describes the system model with adjustable parameters and its mathematical analysis. The model allows us to investigate the conditions of achieving economic equilibrium and to consider possible states of the system in this context. In the model, the economic system is described by the interaction of three components: the producer, the aggregate consumer, and the price regulator. The manufacturer produces two types of products (goods), and its production capacity limits their maximum output. The specific value of production volumes of each type of product is determined by the producer himself, based on current prices. Having fixed specific output volumes, the producer transfers the goods to the domestic market. The consumer, having received this supply, forms the volumes of demand from his side. In this case, the model takes into account the level of prices and preferences of the consumer. Depending on the ratio of supply and demand, products are sold in the model. Volumes of money, which were not covered by supply, are transferred and accumulated in the "unsatisfied supply" fund. Volumes of goods, which were not consumed, are accumulated in the "deferred demand" fund. According to the results, the model proposes to change the value of prices, if necessary, to introduce a coefficient of price adjustment, after which the process is repeated under new conditions. After a certain number of iterations based on the results of the model, it is possible to obtain the state of the system as well as the history of its formation. This allows us to make a conclusion about the correctness of the pricing strategy and evaluate the obtained results. The described model is implemented as a component of a distance course. The use of computer modeling tools, in combination with e-learning tools, has confirmed their high efficiency. Keywords: economic equilibrium, mathematical model, imbalance, mathematical analysis, production capabilities, utility function.
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Hallur, Giri Gundu, and Vivek S. Sane. "Indian telecom regulatory framework in comparison with five countries: structure, role description and funding." Digital Policy, Regulation and Governance 20, no. 1 (January 8, 2018): 62–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/dprg-06-2017-0035.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to present a cross-country qualitative comparative analysis of telecom regulatory frameworks of five countries with that of India. Adopting an institutionalist approach, this paper contributes to understanding of how institutional frameworks in these five countries are structured as compared to that in India so as to ensure division of the authority and scope of the regulator vis-a-vis that of the ministry, and the bureaucracy; financial autonomy of the regulator; redressal of grievances of individual consumers; and modification in the framework to cater to convergence of telecom and broadcasting. Design/methodology/approach The study is based on literature review of research papers, secondary research and documents published by the regulators of the five countries. The research methodology used is qualitative comparative analysis case-based research of five countries. The variables for comparison have been sourced from the World Bank Handbook for Evaluating Infrastructure Regulatory System. The researcher has adopted qualitative research method to bring forth the similarity, as well as the diversity in the regulatory setup of the five countries in comparison with India. Findings Analysis reveals that there is an absence of clear role definition for policy formulating body, the DoT and the regulatory body, the TRAI. The involvement of a number of bodies leads to duplication of regulatory functions in the TRAI, DoT and the Telecom Commission. Secondly, with respect to standards, compliance and spectrum management, the TEC and WPC function as divisions of DoT; however, the TRAI is entrusted with ensuring interoperability among service providers as well as spectrum management. This leads to duplication of regulatory functions and absence of a single authority. Lastly, funding of the TRAI is done through the departmental allocation given to DoT alone with no additional funds coming in the form of regulatory fees. This is seen to be specific to TRAI as other sector regulators in India have been empowered to collect fees from industry participants. The Indian framework shows two commonalities in comparison with the five countries; firstly, India has adopted self-regulation through the setting up of the Telco-consumer group-led consumer redressal process. The second similarity being convergence of the regulatory functions performed by the TRAI for the telecom as well as the information and broadcasting ministries, although the two ministries continue to function independently. Originality/value The paper furthers the understanding of the good practices in the design of telecom regulatory framework. It brings out the similarity and diversity in these frameworks. And, most importantly, it highlights limitations that the Indian telecom regulatory framework has in areas of role definition for the regulator, its autonomy and regulation of telecom-media convergence.
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Ryngelblum, Arnaldo, Nadia Vianna, and Luciana Onusic. "Alternative logics coexistence and collaboration: the consumer protection field." Management Research: The Journal of the Iberoamerican Academy of Management 14, no. 1 (June 20, 2016): 24–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mrjiam-06-2015-0599.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the conditions that allow the co-existence of alternative logics in an institutional field for an extended period. Design/methodology/approach This is a case study that examined the complaint-handling processes of phone companies based on documentary research, which provided the information that allowed the development of a script to interview organizational actors in this field. Findings The explanation for this behavior that does not attempt to deinstitutionalize other institutions’ practices relates to the actors’ need for the other field participants’ collaboration to improve their activities. Research limitations/implications The specific characteristics of the Brazilian context can only suggest that alternative logics may coexist, which therefore opens opportunities for future studies to discuss the possible reproduction of these results in other societies. Similarly, because this research was restricted to the complaint field, other studies conducted in fields where actors are faced with alternative possibilities, such as with the judicial system, should examine and expand on these concepts. This study sought to cover the viewpoints of multiple important actors in the field to cover the whys and hows these logics coexist. However, a more comprehensive availability of respondents might have brought still better insights to the study. Practical implications One implication of this study is the fact that firms in Brazil must be aware of the alternative redress channels that are available to consumers. The different procedural norms can cause a great deal of annoyance because firms have to be updated with all of them and eventually build specialized teams to address them. The awareness of the existence of multiple logics in this field should orient the Brazilian telephony industry’s regulator in formulating policies that take this fact into consideration. To do this, the regulator should consider a regular consultation forum in which the main consumer protection organizations and government agencies gather to discuss improvements given that there is already informal collaboration. Public policy should also take into consideration the fact that consumers do not complain most of the time for lack of knowledge or disbelief in supporting organizations. Originality/value The main contribution is the alternative logics notion in addressing complaints in this field. This is an issue that has not been practically explored in the literature. The difference between an alternative logic and a competing one lies in the fact that the practices, structures and symbols in the first case represent alternative possibilities for actors to achieve a specific objective, whereas in the second case, the weaker logics tend to disappear due to a stronger one.
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Yakubova, Olesya Sergeevna, and Svetlana Aleksandrovna Mizhueva. "Studying consumer preferences on fish gelatin - new structure forming agent used in food and nutrition industries." Vestnik of Astrakhan State Technical University. Series: Fishing industry 2019, no. 4 (December 13, 2019): 132–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.24143/2073-5529-2019-4-132-139.

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The paper presents the current prospects for the development of the fish gelatin market, the advantages the new product over conventional gelatin made of the livestock raw material. The results of a survey of 150 respondents on the specific consumer preferences for fish gelatin, a new structural agent for the food and nutrition industries have been analyzed. The main preferences for choosing fish gelatin are: safety; assortment of food products containing gelatin; shape of the new ingredient; packaging; price. It has been found that 60% of respondents prefer gelatin made in Russia. 79% of respondents expressed a desire to consume food products with fish gelatin meeting the Halal principles. Based on the study, a portrait of the average consumer of fish gelatin was formed: gender - female; age - from 18 to 49 years old; occupation - workers and students; scope of activity - provision of services; confession - Christianity and Islam; consumption of gelatin-containing products - several times a month; preferences - cakes and pies, desserts, jellied meat; preferred shape - powdered gelatin produced in Russia with net weight 100 g, packaged in polymer bags; aware of the existence of fish gelatin; unaware of prion diseases; consumes Halal compliant products; wants to eat foods with safe fish gelatin that are compliant with halal principles; willing to pay a higher price for fish gelatin compared to conventional gelatin. The data obtained allow to form a strategy for promoting a new food regulator of consistency in the regional market.
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Hartlapp, Miriam, and Christian Rauh. "The Commission’s internal conditions for social re-regulation: Market efficiency and wider social goals in setting the rules for financial services in Europe." European Journal of Government and Economics 2, no. 1 (June 29, 2013): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.17979/ejge.2013.2.1.4285.

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The European Union is often considered as a prime example of a liberal regulatory state. We argue, however, that being limited to the regulatory policy does not prevent the European Commission from pursuing political aims going beyond market efficiency. We draw up two ideal-type perspectives of market regulation – being either efficiency or equality enhancing – that differ systematically in terms of rationale, degree of intervention, patterns of stakeholder access and conflict within the regulator. We trace these aspects in three financial services initiatives on the registration and supervision of reinsurers, equal treatment in financial services and the regulation of consumer credit. Our analyses suggest that there is scope for equality-enhancing re-regulation when proactive agents proceed decidedly on the basis of social-treaty concerns and frame regulatory beneficiaries as market participants as well as when they seek the redistribution of rights instead of resources.
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Halldórsson, Árni, Ceren Altuntas Vural, and Jessica Wehner. "Logistics service triad for household waste: consumers as co-producers of sustainability." International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management 49, no. 4 (June 13, 2019): 398–415. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijpdlm-02-2019-0065.

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Abstract:
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore the sustainability of waste supply chains regarding the energy efficiency of first-mile waste collection systems and quality of waste. Roles of actors in the waste service triad are considered, particularly focusing on households. Design/methodology/approach Primary data are collected from respondents including municipality officers, waste service providers (WSPs) and households through brainstorming sessions, semi-structured interviews, site visits and a focus group. Secondary data are collected from official reports for validation. Findings Findings reveal tension between the energy efficiency of waste collection logistics and the quality of waste collected. Households are co-producers of logistic services providing important inputs in the form of sorting and moving waste and raw materials into new cycles of goods circulating in logistics systems. Other actors in the logistics service triad are the municipality as regulator and the WSP acting as a reverse-logistics service provider. Practical implications This study provides principles for policymakers and practitioners to evaluate the energy efficiency of waste management options, considering the quality of waste. Also, “logistics services” and “quality of waste” as concepts might provoke new thoughts on how to involve the consumer in resource recovery. Originality/value Few studies have focused on the end-consumer’s role in waste supply chains. By considering waste as a resource and the consumer as the supplier of this input, this study provides a new way to think about logistics services for waste collection.
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50

Niu, You-Guo, and Rhys D. Evans. "Very-Low-Density Lipoprotein: Complex Particles in Cardiac Energy Metabolism." Journal of Lipids 2011 (2011): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/189876.

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The heart is a major consumer of energy and is able to utilise a wide range of substrates including lipids. Nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) were thought to be a favoured carbon source, but their quantitative contribution is limited because of their relative histotoxicity. Circulating triacylglycerols (TAGs) in the form of chylomicrons (CMs) and very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) are an alternative source of fatty acids and are now believed to be important in cardiac metabolism. However, few studies on cardiac utilisation of VLDL have been performed and the role of VLDL in cardiac energy metabolism remains unclear. Hearts utilise VLDL to generate ATP, but the oxidation rate of VLDL-TAG is relatively low under physiological conditions; however, in certain pathological states switching of energy substrates occurs and VLDL may become a major energy source for hearts. We review research regarding myocardial utilisation of VLDL and suggest possible roles of VLDL in cardiac energy metabolism: metabolic regulator and extracardiac energy storage for hearts.
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