Academic literature on the topic 'Consumer product accidents'
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Journal articles on the topic "Consumer product accidents"
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Yun, Pil Jun, Jae Man Lee, Hee Rae Jo, Ho Yeon Kang, and Tae Hyun Park. "A Study on Quantitative Risk Assessment Methodology for Consumer Products Based on Korean Product Data." Forum of Public Safety and Culture 29 (April 30, 2024): 129–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.52902/kjsc.2024.29.129.
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The purpose of this study is to contribute to enhancing consumer safety by researching a quantitative product risk assessment method that allows for annual monitoring of product hazards. The study proposes a method for conducting rapid and straightforward evaluations annually using accident data from the Korea Consumer Agency, product usage survey data, and resident population data. Based on the number of accidents, usage rates, and population, probabilities of occurrences were derived, and severity was calculated based on injuries and affected body parts to perform quantitative evaluations. As a result of the research, 262 consumer products were evaluated using the proposed method, identifying 12 products with severe risk ratings, 6 products with increased risk, and 11 products with decreased risk annually. These evaluation results have the significant advantage of being able to observe changes in product hazards annually. They can be utilized not only for enhancing safety, easing regulations, and consumer education policy formulation but also as foundational data for various sectors including consumers, parents, children, and educators, thereby contributing to raising awareness and policy formulation regarding domestic consumer safety.
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Weegels, M. F. "Accidents with Consumer Products." Proceedings of the Human Factors Society Annual Meeting 36, no. 13 (October 1992): 1024–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193129203601323.
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This paper deals with the question to what extent various factors, suggested in the literature, can be identified as contributory to the occurrence of accidents with consumer products. Data have been gathered in an on-site investigation of accidents. Contributory factors taken into consideration in the method of data collection include characteristics of the use actions, the product, the situation and the user. The explorative study revealed that the relevance of the various contributory factors is limited. This would imply that the development of general guidelines for the anticipation of accidents in the design of everyday products is seriously hampered.
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Laughery, Kenneth R., Brenda R. Laughery, Meredith L. McQuilkin, and David R. Lovvoll. "Allocation of Responsibility for Product Safety: Warning and Severity of Injury Effects." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 41, no. 1 (October 1997): 543–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1071181397041001120.
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A study explored how injury severity and the presence of warnings influence people's allocation of responsibility for safety during consumer product use. Eighty-eight subjects were shown ten scenarios, one for each of ten products, describing an accident and injury. The subjects assigned responsibility to the manufacturer, the retailer and the consumer (user). Two variables were manipulated: injury severity and the presence or absence of a warning. The mean responsibility assigned to consumers was 85% and 41% with and without warnings, respectively. The mean allocations to manufacturers was 11% and 49% with and without warnings. The warning effect was less, however, when hazards were more obvious, with consumers generally assigned more responsibility when hazards were obvious. Injury severity was a factor only when warnings were present; manufacturers were assigned greater responsibility for severe injury accidents than for less severe injuries. These results have implications for policies about the need for warnings and for understanding or predicting outcomes of jury decisions in product liability litigation.
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Ayres, T. J., E. C. Lau, R. A. Schmidt, and D. E. Young. "Operator Experience and Accident Risk." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 40, no. 18 (October 1996): 947–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193129604001818.
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It has long been recognized that the risk of operating motor vehicles declines as operator experience increases, even when operator age is deconfounded. In this paper, causal analyses of accidents involving all-terrain vehicles (ATVs) are reviewed in order to explore the role of experience in accident patterns. Factor attributions made by evaluators from the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission were sorted according to the reported ATV experience of the person operating each vehicle at the time of an accident. Counter to some expectations, the proportion of accidents attributed at least in part to each major category (e.g., operator, mechanical, or environmental factors) did not change appreciably with operator experience. In addition, most of the proportions attributed to each of a series of possible operator-related factors did not change, with several generally expected exceptions. Implications for understanding and reducing accidents are considered.
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Loring, Beth A. "Developing a Voluntary Safety Standard for Step Stools." Proceedings of the Human Factors Society Annual Meeting 33, no. 6 (October 1989): 479–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1518/107118189786759598.
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American Institutes for Research (AIR) assisted the Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) to identify the human factors issues that should be addressed in a forthcoming voluntary safety standard for step stools. According to CPSC data, older people, children, and women of all ages are over-represented in step stool accidents. We studied the accident scenarios, recommended requirements for step stools, and evaluated the completeness of a draft of the standard with respect to user interaction.
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Loring, Beth A., and Michael E. Wiklund. "Improving Swimming Pool Warning Signs." Proceedings of the Human Factors Society Annual Meeting 32, no. 15 (October 1988): 910–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1518/107118188786761857.
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The U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission sponsored us to perform a human factors evaluation of existing swimming pool warning signs. Our study covered warnings which convey the messages “NO DIVING” and “WATCH CHILDREN”. These warnings are particularly intended to reduce the incidence of diving accidents involving teenage boys and drowning accidents involving children under five; population groups that are over-represented in accident statistics. Our evaluation of twenty-two existing signs uncovered deviations from warning sign design principles and identified opportunities to improve each of the signs. Following the evaluation, we developed improved signs and tested them using teenage boys and mothers of young children as subjects. We then made final recommendations to the CPSC for improved signs.
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Wibowo, Aryo, Fatma Lestari, and Robiana Modjo. "Development and Validity Test of Fuel Station Consumer Safety Behavior Questionnaire." Journal La Medihealtico 4, no. 6 (December 29, 2023): 258–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.37899/journallamedihealtico.v4i6.985.
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Fuel Stations are facilities for selling fuel to the public which has a potential hazard and a high risk of accidents. During 2017-2018 there were 120 gas station accidents in Indonesia. Additionally, 29 fuel accidents occurred in 2022, most of them involving consumer vehicles. Previous studies have explored fuel station safety by examining its safety climate, health risks to workers, risk and fire assessments. Study on consumer behavior in fuel stations has not yet been discovered. Therefore, this study attempts to fill the gap by developing a Fuel Station Consumer Safety Behavior (FSCSB) Questionnaire. The aim of this study is to introduce a novel instrument to assess fuel station consumer safety behavior and assess its validity and reliability. The first phase of this study uses a qualitative approach on developing the questionnaire through literature review, content validity with field experts and face validity with actual fuel station consumers. In the second phase, a quantitative approach for validity and reliability analysis was carried out by calculating Pearson's Product Moment and Cronbach's Alpha on each variable. All questionnaire items passed the Pearson's validity test, but 3 items did not meet minimum Cronbach's Alpha criterion and have been removed. The final result is a novel FSCSB Questionnaire with 21 items. The questionnaire can be used as a reference for future research with a larger number of respondents.
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Boehm-Davis, Deborah A. "Improving Product Safety and Effectiveness in the Home." Reviews of Human Factors and Ergonomics 1, no. 1 (June 2005): 219–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1518/155723405783703055.
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The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention report that accidents rated as the fifth leading cause of death in 2002. A large proportion of these accidents occur in and around the home. For 2003, the Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) estimated that just under 11 million injuries were caused by children's nursery equipment; toys; sports and recreational equipment; home communication and entertainment; household containers; yard and garden equipment; home workshop equipment; home maintenance; general household appliances; heating, cooling, and ventilation equipment; home furnishings and fixtures; and home structures and construction materials. Even those products that are safe to use may not be designed to allow the user to be maximally effective when using those products. This chapter describes a framework that can provide a foundation for understanding the components that play a role in making products safe and effective, a process that can be used by designers to ensure a consideration of the components of the framework, and a discussion of the extent to which consumers select products based on these features. Difficulties in conducting research in this area are identified, as well as some directions for future work.
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Wogalter, Michael S., Kimberly A. Brantley, Kenneth R. Laughery, and David R. Lovvoll. "Effects of Warning Quality and Expert Testimony on Allocation of Responsibility for Consumer Product Accidents." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 42, no. 9 (October 1998): 665–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193129804200904.
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The purpose of this experiment was to examine the effects of warning quality and human factors expert testimony on decision making in consumer product injury cases. Participants read summaries of consumer product accidents, where a no, poor or good warning was present. In two conditions, human factors (HF) expert testimony was included, giving an opinion on the quality of the product warnings. Participants allocated percentages of responsibility to the manufacturer, retailer, and consumer, as if they were jury members assigned to the cases. Results showed differences in allocations of responsibility among conditions. Manufacturers were allocated more responsibility when there was no warning on the product or when a poor warning was present and a HF expert testified that a better warning could have been used. Allocations did not differ between poor and good warning conditions, possibly because participants viewing poor warnings lacked knowledge of the way a good warning would look. The results have implications for warning design, the use of HF expert witnesses, and jury decision making.
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Heasly, Christopher C., Randy M. Perse, Thomas B. Malone, and Stephen A. Fleger. "Riding Mower Control Placement Guideline Development." Proceedings of the Human Factors Society Annual Meeting 33, no. 6 (October 1989): 474–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1518/107118189786759651.
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Accident investigations and subsequent hazard analysis studies of power mower accidents conducted by the Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC), indicated that the current version of the American National Standard for Turf Care Equipment - Power Lawn Mowers, Lawn and Garden Tractors, and Lawn Tractors - Safety Specifications (ANSI/OPEI B71.1-1986) might benefit from review and/or revision. The analyses indicated control activation, placement and/or operation may have contributed to a number of the accidents reviewed. Accordingly, special emphasis was to be focused on review of Part III: Ride-On Mowers, Lawn Tractors, and Lawn and Garden Tractors, paragraph 13., Controls. This paper describes the approach utilized in development of the inputs to update ANSI/OPEI B71.1-1986. Additionally, the paper describes a brief overview of the voluntary standard review/acceptance process.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Consumer product accidents"
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Van, Gool Elias. "Product Liability in a More Circular Economy : A Study of Liability for Alternative Methods of Distributing and Producing Consumer Goods." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2024. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/ToutIDP/EDSJPG/2024/2024ULILD015.pdf.
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Les théories spécifiques et plus strictes de la responsabilité du fait des produits, qui ont maintenant été largement harmonisées au maximum dans l'UE, se sont développées sur la base d'un modèle économique linéaire. En utilisant la recherche doctrinale et économique en droit, cette thèse examine l'état du droit européen en matière de responsabilité du fait des produits et comment il est mis à l'épreuve par des méthodes économiques alternatives et circulaires de distribution et de production de biens de consommation, comme la réutilisation des produits, le réemploi, la revente et autres retransferts, les réparations, les reconditionnements et la refabrication. Outre une pertinence directe pour l'économie circulaire dans le secteur des biens de consommation, cette étude des questions jusqu'à présent négligées offre de nouvelles perspectives théoriques sur la responsabilité du fait des produits avec une pertinence académique et pratique plus large. Après une introduction générale aux domaines de la responsabilité du fait des produits et de l'économie circulaire, un cadre normatif est développé qui mélange la justice distributive en termes d'efficacité économique avec la justice corrective. Ensuite, il est soutenu que, même dans un cadre économique plus circulaire, une règle de responsabilité du fait des produits plus stricte comme l'harmonisation de l'UE est préférable à la lumière de ce cadre normatif, tandis que la valeur ajoutée de la responsabilité du fait des produits augmente par rapport à ses principales alternatives réglementaires. La thèse étudie ensuite l'application aux stratégies circulaires susmentionnées du droit actuel de l'UE en matière de responsabilité du fait des produits basé sur la Directive de 1985 et son successeur de 2024 presque adopté. Dans l'ensemble, le droit européen en matière de responsabilité du fait des produits se révèle assez polyvalent et sa pertinence dans un secteur de consommation plus circulaire est améliorée par plusieurs des nouvelles règles proposées. Néanmoins, certaines limitations subsistent et des questions d'interprétation sont également identifiées dans la nouvelle directive proposée, pour lesquelles des amendements sont proposésSpecific, more strict theories of product liability, which have now largely been maximally harmonised in the EU, have developed on the basis of a linear economic model. By using doctrinal and economic legal research, this thesis examines the state of EU product liability law and how it is tested by alternative, circular economic methods of distributing and producing consumer goods, like product reuse, repurposing, resales and other retransfers, repairs, refurbishments and remanufacturing. Besides direct relevance to circular economy in the consumer goods sector, this study of so-far overlooked questions offers new theoretical insights about product liability with broader academic and practical relevance. After a general introduction to the domains of product liability and circular economy, a normative framework is developed that blends distributive justice in terms of economic efficiency with corrective justice. Subsequently, it is argued that also in a more circular economic setting a more strict product liability rule like the EU harmonisation is preferable in light of this normative framework, while the added value of product liability increases compared to its main regulatory alternatives. The thesis then studies the application to the aforementioned circular strategies of current EU product liability law based on the 1985 Directive and its almost finally adopted 2024 successor. Overall, EU product liability law turns out to be quite versatile and its relevance in a more circular consumption sector is improved by several of the new proposed rules. Nevertheless, some limitations remain and also some interpretative issues are identified in the proposed new Directive, for which amendments are proposed
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Freitas, Humberto Zechlinski Xavier de. "A (in)efetividade das políticas públicas estatais brasileiras de segurança do consumidor: uma análise da percepção do estado brasileiro na proteção social consumerista." Universidade Catolica de Pelotas, 2018. http://tede.ucpel.edu.br:8080/jspui/handle/jspui/743.
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The present study sought answers to the question if the Brazilian State is present and effectively exercises its competence of state protection, through public policies of consumer safety, as a form of social protection. With a type of analytical quantitative approach, applied research purpose and observational nature, using the procedures of bibliographical research, documentary and field research, with a questionnaire closed with multiple choice questions as a research instrument, the present work was applicated in the city of Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil, in the year 2018, in a sample determined by 474 consumers between 20 and 74 years, thus forming the results of the social perception about the theme. As results found, it was observed that the imported way of live, capitalist, consumerist, and unconcerned with the "rest of the world" presents itself negatively potentiated by the historic of our colonized, slavery society of low education and culture, using (or being used by) a late capitalism, where social relationships emerge even more because of the superficiality, ostentation and appearance that consumption offers. In this matter, the consumption universe and theconsuming act have been predominantly thought, but not exclusively, as a reproduction form of an asymmetric relations system of power and domination.Where social vulnerabilities present themselves more intensely, and education and general culture are more precarious, the ready package of capitalist consumerist has even more effect as it finds no antithesis to its values, or resistance to its globalized forces. The brazilian society is configured as a consumer society and shows itself highly functional to the dominant logic. The brazilian consumer presents a highly consumerist and alienated profile in relation to their own health and safety, analysing the consumption decision process. This same consumer does not feel safe or supported by the State and has the perception that the Brazilian State does not effectively perform its original, and non-delegable, competence of social protection in the consumerist field. Seems like thegovernment fails in the execution of health actions and policies, safety, education and consumer awareness, adopting, in this context, a political option of stimulating consumerism as a form of tax generation and economic growth. This option, masquerade of social policies, has as real beneficiaries the large multinationals and holders of the transnational capital that invades the country. In addition, the State does not supervises the commercial media regarding the provision of correct and complete information related to product safety associated with the advertising of products available for consumption. Acting in this way, the Brazilian State is exclusively functional to the dominant logic of capitalist social relationships in detriment of social development,not accomplishing the necessary and inexcusable state guarantee of social protection regarding health and safety of the consumers, configured as fundamental diffuse and social rights, which are objects of the compulsory state guardianship.
O presente trabalho pesquisouse, de acordo com a percepção social, o Estado brasileiro se faz presente e exerce efetivamente sua competência de tutela estatal, por meio de políticas públicas de segurança do consumidor, como forma de proteção social. Com tipo de abordagem quantitativa analítica, finalidade de pesquisa aplicada e natureza observacional, utilizando os procedimentos de pesquisas bibliográficas, documental e pesquisa de campo, com questionário fechado com questões de múltipla escolha como instrumento de pesquisa, o presente trabalho se utilizou de dados colhidos na cidade de Pelotas, Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, no ano de 2018, em amostra determinada por 474 consumidores entre 20 e 74 anos, formando assim os resultados da percepção social acerca do tema. Como resultados encontrados, se observou que o importado modo de viver, capitalista, consumista e despreocupado com o “resto do mundo” se mostrou potencializado negativamente pelo histórico de nossa sociedade colonizada, escravocrata, de baixa escolaridade e cultura, utilizadora de (ou utilizada por) um capitalismo tardio,onde as relações sociais emergem ainda mais pela superficialidade, pela ostentação e pela aparência que o consumo pode oferecer.Nesta seara, o universo do consumo e o ato de consumir têm sido pensado predominantemente, embora não exclusivamente, como uma forma de reprodução de um sistema de relações assimétricas de poder e dominação. Onde as vulnerabilidades sociais se apresentam de forma mais intensa e a educação e cultura geral são mais precárias, o pacote pronto do consumismo capitalista surte ainda mais efeito ao não encontrar antítese aos seus valores nem resistências às suas forças globalizadas. A sociedade brasileira se mostrou configurada como sociedade de consumo e mostra-se altamente funcional à lógica dominante, com o consumidor brasileiro apresentando um perfil bastante consumista e alienado em relação à sua própria saúde e segurança, no processo de decisão de consumo. Esse mesmo consumidor alegou não se sentir seguro ou amparado pelo Estado e possui a percepção de que o Estado brasileiro não desempenha, com efetividade, a sua competência original e indelegável de proteção social no âmbito consumerista, mostrando-se ausente nesta seara, sem promover a execução de ações e políticas de saúde, segurança, educação e consciência do consumidor mas, pelo contrário, adotando a opção política do estímulo ao consumismo como forma de geração de tributos e crescimento econômico. Opção esta que, transvestida de política social, mostrou que possui como reais beneficiários as grandes multinacionais e detentores do capital transnacional que invade o País. Ademais, concluiu-se que o Estado mostra-se omisso na fiscalização da mídia comercial no que concerne à oferta de corretas e completas informações atinentes à segurança de produtos juntamente com a publicidade dos produtos dispostos ao consumo. Agindo assim, a atuação do Estado brasileiro mostrou-se exclusivamente funcional à lógica dominante das relações sociais capitalistas em detrimento ao desenvolvimento social, negando a necessária e inexcusável garantia estatal de proteção social em relação à saúde e segurança dos consumidores, que se configuram como direitos fundamentais difusos e sociais, sendo objetos obrigatórios da tutela estatal.
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Dias, Líssia Maria de Souza. "ESTUDO SOBRE A OCORRÊNCIA DE ACIDENTES PELO USO DE PRODUTOS E SERVIÇOS NA POPULAÇÃO ASSISTIDA EM HOSPITAIS DE SÃO LUÍS-MA." Universidade Federal do Maranhão, 2008. http://tedebc.ufma.br:8080/jspui/handle/tede/1073.
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Previous issue date: 2008-05-22This study is about accidents arising from the use of products and services related from the consumers of São Luís-MA recorded at emergency hospitals. This is a cross-sectional descriptive study with a sample of 257 respondents aiming to detect the envelopment of products and services in accidents, profile the injured people as the age, the shift, the affected body segment, the kind of fall, local and work, as well as to detect the implication of the products and services in the incidents, describe the frequently injuries, indicate the main types of products and and services, by order on incidence, identify the features of accidents caused by falls, check gender and age join the type of the product na service, local, shift and body segment and kind of fall, and check the rate among gender and age with the factors associated to the accidents. From the results this can highlight that 57.6% were considered consumer incidents, 54.1% of the incidents the main victms are children, 58.4% are male, the body segments most affected were the upper and lower limbs 33.5%, 50.2% of the accidents ocurred at home, the most common injuries were contusions 49.0%, traumatic brain injury (TBI) and fractures 15.2%, the products with higher percentage were the vehicles 18.7%, the maintenance services corresponded to 8.6% and the afternoon shift was the predominant 44.7%.
A presente dissertação é um estudo sobre acidentes decorrentes do uso de produtos e serviços na população assistida em São Luís MA, registrados em hospitais de urgência e emergência. Trata-se de um estudo transversal descritivo, com amostra de 257 entrevistados, com o objetivo de detectar o envolvimento de produtos e serviços nos acidentes, traçar o perfil dos acidentados quanto à faixa etária, de acordo com o turno de ocorrência, segmento corporal afetado, tipo de queda, local e atividade, assim como, detectar o envolvimento de produtos e serviços na ocorrência dos acidentes, descrever as lesões mais freqüentes, apontar os principais tipos de produtos e serviços, por ordem de incidência, identificar as características dos acidentes provocados por quedas, verificar gênero e faixa etária com tipo de produto e serviço, local, turno e segmento corporal e tipo de queda, e, verificar a relação entre gênero e faixa etária com os fatores associados aos acidentes. Dos resultados obtidos pode-se destacar que 57,6% foram considerados acidentes de consumo, 54,1% dos acidentes as principais vítimas são crianças, 58,4% dos acidentados são do sexo masculino, os segmentos corporais mais afetados foram os membros superiores e inferiores 33,5%, 50,2% dos acidentes ocorrem dentro de casa, às lesões mais encontradas foram às contusões 49,0%, TCE e fraturas 15,2%, os produtos com maior percentual de acidentes foram os veículos 18,7%, os serviços de manutenção corresponderam a 8,6% e o turno de predominância dos acidentes foi o da tarde 44,7%.
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Pai, Hsiang-I., and 白湘怡. "A Study for Consumer Selection Criteria in Purchasing Accident Insurance Products by Applying Analytic Hierarchy Process." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/38604979591048134831.
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碩士國立高雄應用科技大學
金融資訊研究所
98
This study uses Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP) to explore the factors of the valuation while consumers purchasing accident insurance merchandise. This research can help consumers purchasing accident insurance merchandise what their really needs. Furthermore, it can reduce the false probability of the merchandise design and make a win-win situation for consumer and insurance company. In the research, we induce five major types and 21 classes of index. By using the procedure of AHP, decision importance among factors can be evaluated. The contributions of this research are as follows: 1.Factors of purchasing accident insurance merchandise. 2.Construct a standard valuation process of the accident insurance. 3.Evaluate the factor decision weight of purchasing accident insurances for general customers, and customers with different gender and occupation. (1)Purchasing experience, valuation and feedback from the merchandise. (2)Business personnel, friends and relatives introductions, the guarantee of the content, pricing, those five factors are currently used as standard evaluation. 4.Gender and occupation apply as a distinction. Put forth a suggestion according to the result of this research, the insurance company can target different segment for different needs, not to sell or promote the wrong merchandise and cause rejecting by consumer or penitence after purchasing.
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LI, YU-CHING, and 李瑀靚. "A Study on the Perception, Product Involvement and Purchase Intention of Consumers for the Personal Accident Insurance Sold by Non-Life Insurance Industry." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/832dty.
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碩士逢甲大學
風險管理與保險學系
107
The purpose of the study is to explore the proportion of people who are aware of the personal accident insurance sold by non-life insurance industry, the degree of consumers’ product involvement and the factors affecting the purchase intention. This re-search adopted method of questionnaires and the data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, independent-sample t test, analysis of variance and regression analysis. Research results are summarized as follows. 1.The results showed that 35% of the respondents don’t know that non-life insurance companies sold the personal accident insurance. On the other hand, about half the interviewees chose the personal accident insurance sold by life insurance companies. This means that non-life insurance companies can work hard to promote their personal accident insurance in the future. 2.After reading the difference of the personal accident insurance between the non-life and life insurance industry, about 70% of consumers would be more willing to buy the accident insurance sold by non-life insurance companies. Therefore, the non-life insurance companies can emphasize their product features in the future to increase consumers’ willingness to buy their products. 3.The results of regression analysis revealed that product involvement, convenience of insuring, and income are positively correlated with purchase intention. There is a negative correlation between age and purchase intention. 4.According to the analysis results, non-life insurance companies can target consumers who are married and younger and have high-income and high product involvement to promote the accident insurance.
Books on the topic "Consumer product accidents"
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Public Health Agency of Canada., ed. Child and youth injury in review: Spotlight on consumer product safety. 2nd ed. [Ottawa]: Public Health Agency of Canada, 2009.
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United States. Congress. House. Committee on Energy and Commerce. Child Safety Protection and Consumer Product Safety Improvement Act: Report together with additional and dissenting views (to accompany H.R. 4706) (including cost estimate of the Congressional Budget Office). [Washington, D.C.?: U.S. G.P.O., 1992.
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United States. Congress. House. Committee on Energy and Commerce. Child Safety Protection and Consumer Product Safety Improvement Act: Report together with additional and dissenting views (to accompany H.R. 4706) (including cost estimate of the Congressional Budget Office). [Washington, D.C.?: U.S. G.P.O., 1992.
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United States. Congress. House. Committee on Energy and Commerce. Child Safety Protection and Consumer Product Safety Improvement Act: Report together with additional and dissenting views (to accompany H.R. 4706) (including cost estimate of the Congressional Budget Office). [Washington, D.C.?: U.S. G.P.O., 1992.
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United States. Congress. House. Committee on Energy and Commerce. Child Safety Protection Act: Report (to accompany H.R. 965) (including cost estimate of the Congressional Budget Office). [Washington, D.C.?: U.S. G.P.O., 1993.
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United States. Congress. House. Committee on Energy and Commerce. Child Safety Protection Act: Report (to accompany H.R. 965) (including cost estimate of the Congressional Budget Office). [Washington, D.C.?: U.S. G.P.O., 1993.
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United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation. Subcommittee on Consumer. The Child Safety Protection Act and the Bucket Drowning Prevention Act: Hearing before the Subcommittee on Consumer of the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation, United States Senate, One Hundred Third Congress, first session, July 1, 1993. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1993.
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United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation. Subcommittee on the Consumer. The Child Safety Protection Act and the Bucket Drowning Prevention Act: Hearing before the Subcommittee on Consumer of the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation, United States Senate, One Hundred Third Congress, first session, July 1, 1993. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1993.
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Congress, U. S. Child Safety Protection Act: Conference report (to accompany H.R. 965). Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1994.
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Congress, U. S. Child Safety Protection Act: Conference report (to accompany H.R. 965). Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1994.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Consumer product accidents"
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Winkle, Thomas. "Introduction." In Product Development within Artificial Intelligence, Ethics and Legal Risk, 1–6. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-34293-7_1.
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AbstractWith regard to safe product development in the dilemma between Artificial Intelligence, ethics and legal risk, Prof. Dr.-Ing. MBA Thomas Winkle first provides a meta-analysis on safety assessment based on accident data examples to show possible definitions of safety benefits and risk. With more than 20 years of research and consulting at three automobile manufacturers, Thomas Winkle also points to disasters from nuclear power plant accidents at Chernobyl and Fukushima. Further comparisons between global mortality rates of women and men to life expectancy of different countries of the world compared to the traffic mortality sensitize for ethical relevance and accepted risk today.As the first of its kind, the scientific analysis in this book uses one example to analyze all police-reported traffic accidents nationwide in Saxony (1.28 million) over a 10-year period. Relevant examples highlight technical, ethical, and legal requirements for the development and production of automated vehicles with image recognition and Artificial Intelligence. The inclusion of highly sensitive international court rulings and growing consumer expectations make the book a helpful guide for product development from the initial idea to market launch. Qualitative interviews within the development departments of automobile manufacturers show how a structured guideline-based process with expert feedback loops increases product quality in terms of safety in use and functional safety. Finally, there follows a development guide with a checklist of 101 questions on the requirements that contribute to the duty of care in the development of automated vehicles and fulfill the highest court rulings on product liability.
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Winkle, Thomas. "Technical, Legal, and Economic Risks." In Product Development within Artificial Intelligence, Ethics and Legal Risk, 67–123. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-34293-7_4.
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AbstractIn the following chapter the author traces the technical improvements in vehicle safety over recent decades, including new sensor technologies with image recognition and Artificial Intelligence, factoring in growing consumer expectations. Through Federal Court of Justice rulings on product liability and economic risks, he depicts requirements that car manufacturers must meet. For proceedings from the first idea until development to sign-off, he recommends interdisciplinary, harmonized safety and testing procedures. He argues for further development of current internationally agreed-upon standards including tools, methodological descriptions, simulations, and guiding principles with checklists. These will represent and document the practiced state of science and technology, which has to be implemented technically suited and economically reasonable. Dilemma situations have always served to clarify ethical and legal principles, such as in the famous example of the so-called “trolley case”. The answer of the law is clear: the killing of a human being with the intention of saving others from certain death may be excused in a concrete case, but it remains illegal in any case. The solution is to avoid accidents at any rate by adapting and forward-looking driving. Relevant maneuvers of driving robots have to be defined and assessed for example using accident data and virtual methods. Further investigation of real driving situations in comparison with system specifications with tests on proving grounds, car clinics, field tests, human driver training or special vehicle studies are recommended. For the required exchange of information, storage of vehicle data and possible criminal attacks protective technical measures are necessary.
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Stapleton, Jane. "Three Problems with the New Product Liability." In Essays For Patrick Atiyah, 257–88. Oxford University PressOxford, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198254102.003.0011.
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Abstract In Accidents, Compensation and the Law, Patrick Atiyah wrote: ‘All the disabled are entitled to equal sympathy and equal support from the State and ad hoc treatment of special groups can only lead to the abandonment of all rationality in policy.,1 It was a double-barrelled broadside directed at the then-present system of compensation for personal injuries, both calling for government organization of compensation rather than the existing plethora of systems, and attacking tactics which, on no principled grounds, elevated certain subgroups of the disabled by granting them preferential treatment in either public or private law compensation systems. So withering were the attacks made by Atiyah and others on the systems of personal-injuries compensation that its comprehensive reform by government was widely thought proper and almost inevitable. For a number of reasons this was not to be. The principal subsequent legal reform in the area is Part 1 of the Consumer Protection Act 1987, the domestic adoption of the European Community’s 1985 Directive on Product Liability (‘the Directive’), which provides for a new, additional remedy for certain victims of injuries caused by certain products. This law offends both parts of Atiyah’s principle. First, in response to what were seen as unacceptable anomalies between the remedies of those in a contractual relationship with a member of the chain of commercial manufacture and supply of products and those not in such a relationship, it gave a new remedy to both these subgroups of personal-injuries victims, and in so doing simply shifted the location of the anomaly without a convincing justification. Secondly, the law offends the principle because it probably pre-empts comprehensive reorganization of personal-injury compensation by a reformist UK government. This discussion focuses on these and the other, more well-known, problem of the Directive, that of claims for defective design.
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Kokas, Aynne. "Home." In Trafficking Data, 172—C9.P60. Oxford University PressNew York, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197620502.003.0009.
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Abstract US consumers are addicted to low-cost products, especially those sold by Chinese companies. However, low-profit-margin consumer products often lack reliable data security. Using case studies of connected (or “smart”) devices ranging from sex toys and home security systems to refrigerators and baby monitors, Chapter 9 argues that cheap consumer products lead to international data security failures. Such “data accidents,” as these failures are often portrayed, emerge from the tightly interconnected, fast-moving, low-margin US-China consumer products landscape, which leaves consumers and their most intimate data vulnerable to exploitation by US firms, Chinese firms, and the Chinese government. With the advent of platform-driven consumer products, new standards for data privacy and security are emerging through national and international standards-setting bodies, corporate standards-setting, and industry associations; however, broader transformations to the consumer landscape are necessary to thwart data trafficking through data accidents.
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Fleming, John G. "Mass Torts." In The American Tort Process, 235–66. Oxford University PressOxford, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198256809.003.0007.
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Abstract Mass accidents have become a familiar incident of the modern way of life, a by-product of advancing technology in the production, distribution, and use of toxic agents, dangerous pharmaceuticals, fast modern transport, and other hazardous activities. A single type of product like asbestos or the Dalkon Shield, released on a mass market by one or numerous manufacturers, may inflict injury or disease on a vast multitude of consumers or their offspring. Or a single accident, like an aeroplane collision, explosion, or escape of poison gas, may bring injury or death to thousands and dislocation to a whole region. The first is sometimes called a mass products case, the second a mass accident. Both entail injury to multiple victims and present adjudicatory problems very different in magnitude and therefore in kind from those faced in routine accidents. The traditional method of case-by-case adjudication and the applicable principles of substantive law, still largely based on an individualistic philosophy of ‘corrective justice’ between man and man, are unequal to this challenge.
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McCusker, Kristine M. "Purple Coffins and Cadillac Hearses." In Just Enough to Put Him Away Decent, 103–20. University of Illinois Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5622/illinois/9780252045080.003.0007.
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Consumer products, manufactured by former defense industries that now produced death goods, came to define the modern funeral as Southern cities exploded in population and as new causes of death (car accidents, for example) began to appear.
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"Regulating One of the World’s Most Dangerous Consumer Products." In No Accident, 177–96. Wilfrid Laurier Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.51644/9781554589647-010.
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Burns, Catherine, Anne Cullen, and Kumiko Katayama. "Food Safety Concerns in Tokushima." In Advances in Religious and Cultural Studies, 224–41. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-1807-6.ch014.
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This chapter offers a qualitative examination of the perceptions of food safety and purchasing practices of members from two consumer co-operatives in contemporary rural Japan. Few studies have focused on the impact of the Fukushima nuclear accident on consumers residing far from contaminated areas. A common view is that geographical proximity and the elapse of time determine the degree of consumer concern about radioactivity: fears diminish with distance and time. However, some scholars argue that distance from Fukushima is exacerbating unfounded fears about radioactive contamination of foods and therefore consumers continue to avoid purchasing Fukushima produce. These 'avoiders' tend to be portrayed in unflattering terms. This study explores a sample of consumer responses to Fukushima produce, sources of trust, and the role of the co-operative.
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"Consumer products – more by accident than design?" In Human Factors In Consumer Products, 145–64. CRC Press, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b17108-13.
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Sampaio, Alvaro M., António J. Pontes, and Ricardo Simoes. "Embedded RFID Solutions Challenges for Product Design and Development." In Handbook of Research on Trends in Product Design and Development, 106–18. IGI Global, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-61520-617-9.ch006.
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Full traceability of products is extremely difficult, although it has been sought after for as long as production, distribution and sales chains exist. Electronic traceability methods, such as RFID technology, have been proposed as a possible solution to this problem. In the specific case of RFID, the number of applications that promote innovative solutions in retail and other areas has been continuous growing. However, RFID tags are mostly placed externally on a surface of products or their packages. This is appropriate for logistics, but not for other applications, such as those involving user interaction. In those, not only is the placement of the RFID tag more complex, but it is also necessary that the tag is not visible or not directly accessible, to prevent accidental damage and intentional abuse. This certainly imposes challenges to manufacturing, but mainly creates new challenges to the development of new products and re-design of existing ones. This chapter presents some insights and what we consider to be the two main approaches to incorporating RFID technology into consumer products.
Conference papers on the topic "Consumer product accidents"
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Nakao, Masayuki, Toshio Miyamura, Kensuke Tsuchiya, and Kenji Iino. "Preventing Misuse of Consumer Products." In ASME 2011 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2011-47357.
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Accidents with consumer products originate from either product defects or misuse. These two explicit causes result from aging degradation, coupled design, or in some cases from causes that are unknown. We analyzed over 600 cases of past accidents with consumer products in the Japanese market. Of the 309 cases of product defects, 51% were caused by aging degradation, and coupled design was responsible for 66% of the 296 cases of misuse. Evaluation, from the viewpoint of axiomatic design, of these coupled design caused misuse cases revealed that over half of them had coupling of the operational functional requirement in the design stage. These cases consist about 38% of the 296 misuse cases. Instead of blaming the user for misuse, if the designer carefully removes such coupling in the design stage, such accidents can be avoided. In the actual design work, changing part configurations, or adding sensors or interlocks can decouple operational functional requirements.
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Hirata, Akihisa, Koji Kitamura, and Yoshifumi Nishida. "Visualizing Prioritized Typical and Potential Risks of Consumer Products by Graph Mining of an Accident Database." In Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics Conference. AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1001300.
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Designing a safe product requires predicting how consumers will use the product and what sort of risks exist in their daily environment. However, assistive technology for risk assessment of consumer products used in the daily environment has not yet been established. One of the most promising approaches is to utilize data on actual accidents that have occurred in the past. This paper proposes a new method that uses recently developed data mining technology to predict the typical and potential risks of consumer products. The proposed method is as follows: 1) create a situational graph database by structuralizing accident data as a graph; 2) visualize the typical risk using this situational graph database; and 3) visualize the potential risk using two methods: a probabilistic latent semantic indexing (pLSI) method and a method based on the features of the product. Prioritizing design improvement requires considering severity of injury. To this end, a function for supporting severity control is also implemented. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed system, we applied our system to a dataset of 681 cases of accidental burning or scalding injuries. Injury severity was evaluated using body area of burn and scald injuries.
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Sevart, Kevin B. "Ride-On Mower Rollover Accidents: Study and Design Solutions." In ASME 2016 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2016-67718.
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Each year hundreds of ride-on mower operators are injured or killed as the result of rollover accidents. Several studies have indicated that rollover accidents are the most prominent type of fatal ride-on mower accident. Rollover accidents have occurred during actual mowing operations as well as during transport or loading onto transport equipment. The mowers themselves are designed and marketed for either commercial use or consumer use. However, commercial mowers are routinely sold to and used by ordinary consumers as there are no restrictions on such sales. The mechanism of injury is typically the weight of the machine pinning the operator, or personal contact with a rotating cutting blade. Even relatively light-weight mowing machines have caused deaths due to asphyxiation or drowning when an operator was pinned under the machine. Operators that avoid being trapped under the weight of the machine may come into contact with a rotating cutting blade and receive a serious injury, such as an amputation. This paper presents a brief history of industry safety standards applicable to either consumer or commercial mowing machines. A discussion is presented of available accident reports and statistics. Sources of the data reviewed include the Consumer Product Safety Commission, the Occupational Health and Safety Administration and the author’s personal investigations. Several common rollover accident modes have been identified. While it is not possible to design a ride-on mower that could not roll over, design considerations should be utilized to minimize the propensity of the machine to roll and to minimize injuries should the machine roll over. This paper describes these design considerations.
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Seluga, K. J., L. L. Baker, and I. U. Ojalvo. "Stepladders: Why They’re Not Safe." In ASME 2008 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2008-67399.
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The US Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) estimates that there are approximately 180,000 serious ladder accidents in the US each year. Stepladders are one of the most common types of ladders in use, and it is estimated that they are involved in over half of all incidents. Therefore, it is important to determine the root causes of these accidents and what, if anything, can be done to improve ladder safety by way of design and standard testing requirements. Herein, we discuss common failure modes experienced during use, current design standards promulgated by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) A14 Standards Committee, complications which are not explicitly addressed in these standards, and design and manufacturing practices employed in stepladders produced for the US market. Finally, we propose a number of potential safety improvements to the current design of and safety standards for stepladders, though further research may be necessary to quantify specific design recommendations.
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Bošnjaković, Gordana, Gojko Vladić, Teodora Gvoka, and Katarina Maričić. "Importance of cognitive ergonomics in packaging design." In 11th International Symposium on Graphic Engineering and Design. University of Novi Sad, Faculty of technical sciences, Department of graphic engineering and design, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.24867/grid-2022-p58.
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The consumer's interaction with packaging should be simple and intuitive. However, packaging is frequently designed in such a way that it is difficult to use, with text and labels that are difficult to see or understand. As a result, the prospective consumer may be discouraged from purchasing the product, or if the purchase has already been made, the ineffective handling of the packaging may result in a negative user experience, e.g. some users struggle to open the packaging. Due to the inability of the user to access the contents of the packaging, the user often experiences a feeling of frustration which may lead to accidents and injuries. This paper emphasizes the importance of cognitive ergonomics in packaging design. Cognitive processes, which involves how people think, make decisions and react, can be predicted, and lessons learned from studying these predictable responses can be integrated into good design.
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Knox, Erick H., Anne C. Mathias, Amber Rath Stern, Michael P. Van Bree, and Dennis B. Brickman. "Methods of Accident Reconstruction: Biomechanical and Human Factors Considerations." In ASME 2015 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2015-53666.
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Accident reconstruction involving consumer products and industrial equipment often requires biomechanical and/or human factors analyses to help determine the root cause of an accident scenario. A systematic method has been established which incorporates numerous components of the sciences of biomechanics and human factors and uses the scientific method as the framework for evaluating competing theories. Using this method, available data are gathered pertaining to the accident or incident and organized in a modified Haddon matrix, with categories for Man [person(s) involved in the accident], Product/Machine, and Environment. Information about the person(s) is separated further into injury and human factors components. The injuries are viewed as physical evidence, where each injury occurred as a result of being exposed to a specific combination of energy, force, motion/deflection, acceleration, etc. The injuries are evaluated with known injury research and categorized with a specific type, location, mechanism, and injury threshold. This injury evidence is then reconciled with the other physical evidence developed from the accident environment and product/machine categories. Human factors evaluations of body size, posture, capabilities, sensory perception, reaction time, and movements create similar information that is also reconciled with the rest of the evidence from an accidental circumstance. At the core of this method is developing scientific data or information that can be used to support or refute accident reconstruction conclusions. An accurate and complete accident reconstruction using the available data must be consistent with the laws of physics, and the physics of interaction between the man, product/machine, and environment.
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DuBose, William S. "Product and Ingredient Security." In ASME 1992 Citrus Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/cec1992-3803.
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Product and Ingredient Security is an evolving process to prevent accidental or malicious contamination of food ingredients at the supplier level, manufacturing locations, product carriers, and through the distribution system to the retail shelf. Although greater than 90% of product tampering occurs at retail, the manufacturing community must have systems in place to assure food safety. These systems include; a Security Policy, Crisis Management Team, secure manufacturing plants, approved suppliers with Security Policies, Product Traceability, and bulk and retail packaging that utilizes the best tamper-evident features. Consumer safety and “peace of mind” are critical to maintaining the public’s confidence in the security of our manufacturing facilities and ultimately our brands and trademarks. Paper published with permission.
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Hirata, Akihisa, Koji Kitamura, Yoshifumi Nishida, Yoichi Motomura, and Hiroshi Mizoguchi. "Accident-data-aided design: visualizing typical and potential risks of consumer products by data mining an accident database." In 2013 IEEE/SICE International Symposium on System Integration (SII). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/sii.2013.6776740.
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Barnett, Ralph L., and William G. Switalski. "Case Study: The Safety of Wood Railings." In ASME 2001 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2001/sera-24009.
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Abstract When the handrail assembly broke away from a wooden deck attached to the rear of a private residence, the victim fell 12 feet to the lawn and sustained injuries rendering him a quadriplegic. Although the local building code required the handrail to withstand a 200 lb load applied in any direction at any point on the handrail, no guidance was given to the do-it-yourselfer who built the deck and railings to assure him that the final construction would produce an acceptable railing. The authors conducted testing and a statistical analysis of railing strength comparing the construction method used by the builder of the accident railing to another construction method utilizing a commercially available handrail bracket. The test program demonstrates that the strength of the wood used to build handrails can vary greatly and that a controlled method of building a handrail is necessary to ensure the integrity of a product intended to be consumer customized and assembled. It is necessary to have acceptable methods of railing construction because the failure of a railing joint can be life threatening. This is especially true in the consumer/do-it-yourself market where the designer/builder is not necessarily knowledgeable about building codes or construction methods. A commercially available handrail bracket known as Create-A-Rail® can provide the consumer with the guidance necessary to assure an acceptable handrail / post joint.
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Takcı, Berkan, and Salim Üre. "Sustainable Business Model Intermodal: Ekol Logistics Example." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c13.02487.
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Intermodal Transport is a system that combines multiple modes of transport, aiming to minimize the disadvantage of each mode while using the advantages of two or more transport modes with maximum efficiency. It provides the advantage of logistics companies by using intermodal transportation services in the competitive market, respecting the environment, as well as providing them with improvements in the cost area, offering more affordable prices to their customers.
When our natural resources of Intermodal Transportation, which is a more economical, environmentally friendly, more efficient system, are consumed rapidly, it increases even more in this environment. With this increasing importance, the system tries to explain general information, benefits to natural resources, carbon emission rates, more resource consumption, less risk of accident, examining the information about fixed train and RORO voyages in depth, and using the interview method with the relevant department.
Within the scope of this study, the basic issues about the intermodal transportation system, which is in an important position for sustainable logistics, will be explained, and then, within the scope of Intermodal Transportation services carried out by Ekol logistics, RO-RO transportation, block train services and products that are subject to trade are produced or finalized. It tells the consumers how the process is applied in the transportation journey and the benefits provided to the environment, humanity and natural resources while these logistics applications are carried out.