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1
Saad, Ammar, Ruitao Zhang, and Ying Xia. "The Policy Analysis Matrix (PAM): Comparative Advantage of China’s Wheat Crop Production 2017." Journal of Agricultural Science 11, no. 17 (October 15, 2019): 150. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v11n17p150.
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As the third-largest crop in China, wheat production plays an essential role in China's agricultural production, food processing and consumption structure. Besides, China is the world’s largest wheat producer and consumer, where it produces 14.83% of the world's total wheat production in 2017. So it is necessary to analyze and evaluate the government policy for wheat production in China using PAM. This research depends on the data has issued by the National Development and Reform Commission/China statistics press 2018 (National farm production cost-benefit survey 2017). The outcomes of this paper showed that the coefficients measures confirm there is government support for wheat production, that indicates, farmers are getting prices higher than global prices by the continuation of the current policy. While there was no comparable advantage has shown for Chinese wheat product in social prices due to the government intervention in the prices of production outputs. Where this policy representation indexes show that the policy for wheat production 2017 supported the farmers on the consumer cost.
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Asano, Seki, and Eduardo P. S. Fiuza. "Estimation of the Brazilian Consumer Demand System." Brazilian Review of Econometrics 23, no. 2 (November 2, 2003): 255. http://dx.doi.org/10.12660/bre.v23n22003.2726.
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In this study we estimate the Brazilian consumer demand system through family expenditure data, which cover all consumption categories. The model is estimated from family-level expenditures on seven consumption categories, and a new set of regional cost-of-living indexes. The sources for expenditures are the national household expenditure surveys (POFs) conducted in 1987/88 and 1995/96, which collected data from eleven metropolitan areas. To the best of our knowledge this is the first study of this type and extent based on both waves of POF. Corresponding price indexes were constructed from detailed commodity prices, also from each metropolitan area. The salient features of our study are 1) price variations come from both time and regional differences, which allows us to estimate price elasticities with high precision, 2) we have large variations in income (total expenditures), which is rarely available in aggregate data, and 3) we control for time specific factors by exploiting the panel structure of the data set.
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Faryna, Oleksandr, Oleksandr Talavera, and Tetiana Yukhymenko. "What Drives the Difference between Online and Official Price Indexes?" Visnyk of the National Bank of Ukraine, no. 243 (March 29, 2018): 21–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.26531/vnbu2018.243.021.
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This paper examines the associations between online price indexes and official statistics. First, we generate online CPI component sub-indexes, which are later aggregated to an Online Price CPI. This approach is applied to our unique dataset which contains about 3 million observations of online retail prices for consumer goods in Ukraine’s five largest cities. The data span over the period 2016m1 – 2017m12 and cover about 46% of Ukraine’s Consumer Price Inflation basket. We find that online inflation is generally consistent with official estimates, but the matching capability varies across sub-indexes. Although the differences can partially be explained by poor dataset coverage, we find that online prices may indeed represent new information that is not captured by official statistics.
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Krsinich, Frances. "The FEWS Index: Fixed Effects with a Window Splice." Journal of Official Statistics 32, no. 2 (June 1, 2016): 375–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jos-2016-0021.
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Abstract This article describes the estimation of quality-adjusted price indexes from ‘big data’ such as scanner and online data when there is no available information on product characteristics for explicit quality adjustment using hedonic regression. The longitudinal information can be exploited to implicitly quality-adjust the price indexes. The fixed-effects (or ‘time-product dummy’) index is shown to be equivalent to a fully interacted time-dummy hedonic index based on all price-determining characteristics of the products, despite those characteristics not being observed. In production, this can be combined with a modified approach to splicing that incorporates the price movement across the full estimation window to reflect new products with one period’s lag without requiring revision. Empirical results for this fixed-effects window-splice (FEWS) index are presented for different data sources: three years of New Zealand consumer electronics scanner data from market-research company GfK; six years of United States supermarket scanner data from market-research company IRI; and 15 months of New Zealand consumer electronics daily online data from MIT’s Billion Prices Project.
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Juszczak, Adam. "The use of web-scraped data to analyze the dynamics of footwear prices." Journal of Economics and Management 43 (2021): 251–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.22367/jem.2021.43.12.
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Aim/purpose – Web-scraping is a technique used to automatically extract data from websites. After the rise-up of online shopping, it allows the acquisition of information about prices of goods sold by retailers such as supermarkets or internet shops. This study examines the possibility of using web-scrapped data from one clothing store. It aims at comparing known price index formulas being implemented to the web-scraping case and verifying their sensitivity on the choice of data filter type. Design/methodology/approach – The author uses the price data scrapped from one of the biggest online shops in Poland. The data were obtained as part of eCPI (electronic Consumer Price Index) project conducted by the National Bank of Poland. The author decided to select three types of products for this analysis – female ballerinas, male shoes, and male oxfords to compare their prices in over one-year time period. Six price indexes were used for calculation – The Jevons and Dutot indexes with their chain and GEKS (acronym from the names of creators – Gini–Éltető–Köves–Szulc) versions. Apart from the analysis conducted on a full data set, the author introduced filters to remove outliers. Findings – Clothing and footwear are considered one of the most difficult groups of goods to measure price change indexes due to high product churn, which undermines the possibility to use the traditional Jevons and Dutot indexes. However, it is possible to use chained indexes and GEKS indexes instead. Still, these indexes are fairly sensitive to large price changes. As observed in case of both product groups, the results provided by the GEKS and chained versions of indexes were different, which could lead to conclu- sion that even though they are lending promising results, they could be better suited for other COICOP (Classification of Individual Consumption by Purpose) groups. Research implications/limitations – The findings of the paper showed that usage of filters did not significantly reduce the difference between price indexes based on GEKS and chain formulas. Originality/value/contribution – The usage of web-scrapped data is a fairly new topic in the literature. Research on the possibility of using different price indexes provides useful insights for future usage of these data by statistics offices. Keywords: inflation, CPI, web-scraping, online shopping, big data. JEL Classification: C43, C49.
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Bessonov, Vladimir. "What Opportunities Do New Technologies Bring About for Price Statistics?" Russian Journal of Money and Finance 80, no. 1 (March 2021): 120–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.31477/rjmf.202101.120.
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The paper discusses new opportunities for Russian price statistics that present-day information and communication technologies bring about. The paper is a response to the study Isakov et al. (2021) dedicated to the effort of developing a toolset to build a price quotation database through automated internet data collection and construction of consumer price indexes based on it. Discussed are the potential implications of this activity for price statistics.
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Cavallo, Alberto, and Roberto Rigobon. "The Billion Prices Project: Using Online Prices for Measurement and Research." Journal of Economic Perspectives 30, no. 2 (May 1, 2016): 151–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/jep.30.2.151.
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A large and growing share of retail prices all over the world are posted online on the websites of retailers. This is a massive and (until recently) untapped source of retail price information. Our objective with the Billion Prices Project, created at MIT in 2008, is to experiment with these new sources of information to improve the computation of traditional economic indicators, starting with the Consumer Price Index. We also seek to understand whether online prices have distinct dynamics, their advantages and disadvantages, and whether they can serve as reliable source of information for economic research. The word “billion” in Billion Prices Project was simply meant to express our desire to collect a massive amount of prices, though we in fact reached that number of observations in less than two years. By 2010, we were collecting 5 million prices every day from over 300 retailers in 50 countries. We describe the methodology used to compute online price indexes and show how they co-move with consumer price indexes in most countries. We also use our price data to study price stickiness, and to investigate the “law of one price” in international economics. Finally we describe how the Billion Prices Project data are publicly shared and discuss why data collection is an important endeavor that macro- and international economists should pursue more often.
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Saputra, Igo Septa, Zulfanetti Zulfanetti, and Jaya Kusuma Edi. "Analisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi Tingkat Partisipasi Angkatan Kerja (TPAK) di Provinsi Jambi." e-Jurnal Ekonomi Sumberdaya dan Lingkungan 8, no. 2 (July 1, 2019): 68–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.22437/jels.v8i2.11984.
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This research aim to: First, analyze the development of labor force participation rate, minimum wages, consumer price index and gross regional domestic product in Jambi Province. This study use time series data between 2000-2017 with data analysis method used namely quantitative descriptive analysis and Ordinary Least Square (OLS) method. Based on the result of data processing using the OLS method in multiple regression equations in 2000-2017 results were obtained. That the average development of the labor force participation rate, minimum wage, consumer price index and gross regional domestic product fluctuative from year to year. Based on processing data obtained results: (1) Consumer price index variable have a positive and not significant effect on labor force participation rate in Jambi Province; (2) The variable minimum wages and gross regional domestic product have a positive and significant effect on minimum wages in Jambi Province.
Keywords: Labor Force Participation Rate, Minimum Wages, Consumer Price Indexand, and Gross Regional Domestic Product.
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Cheng, Andy Wui Wing, and Iris Wing Han Yip. "China’s Macroeconomic Fundamentals on Stock Market Volatility: Evidence from Shanghai and Hong Kong." Review of Pacific Basin Financial Markets and Policies 20, no. 02 (May 18, 2017): 1750014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021909151750014x.
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This paper examines the effect of Chinese macroeconomic variables, the industrial production growth rate, the producer price index, the 3-month short-term Shanghai Interbank Offer Rate and the consumer price index, on the volatility of the Shanghai and Hong Kong stock markets. We apply the generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedastic mixed data sampling model for the study. Our empirical findings on various indexes and enterprises in the Shanghai and Hong Kong markets show that Chinese macroeconomic variables have a greater power to explain the volatility in Hong Kong than in Shanghai. They also contribute significantly to Hong Kong’s market volatility.
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Greenlees, John S., and Robert McClelland. "Does Quality Adjustment Matter for Technologically Stable Products? An Application to the CPI for Food." American Economic Review 101, no. 3 (May 1, 2011): 200–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.101.3.200.
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Most indexes in the Consumer Price Index (CPI) use a form of the “matched-model” approach. It is frequently assumed that this approach accurately reflects inflation for items that have no major trend in quality. In this paper we investigate that hypothesis using CPI data for retail food items. We find that CPI analysts may be correct on average when they decide that new and replacement items are similar in quality. We also find, however, that when sample items are replaced by items of significantly different quality the CPI imputation procedures may underestimate price change and overstate quality change.
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Norström, Thor. "The price elasticity for alcohol in Sweden 1984–2003." Nordic Studies on Alcohol and Drugs 22, no. 1_suppl (February 2005): 87–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/145507250502201s21.
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■ Aims The article addresses the following research questions: (i) How strong is the price elasticity for beer, wine and spirits? (ii) How rapid is the effect of a price change? (iii) Is the price elasticity stable across time and space? (iv) Does an increase in price give a corresponding effect as a decrease? ■ Methods & Data The sales data cover Systembolaget's retail sales of beer, wine and spirits for the period from January 1984 to March 2004. The price indexes are based on weighted baskets deflated by a consumer price index. Most of the analyses were performed on quarterly data. The data were analysed using the Box-Jenkins technique for time series analysis. ■ Results The price elasticities—as estimated from quarterly data—were statistically significant for all beverages; –0.8 for beer, –0.6 for wine and and –1 for spirits. Similar estimates were obtained from monthly data, suggesting a fast consumer response to price changes. The elasticity for beer was weaker during the period 1995–2004 (-0.6) than during the period 1984–1994 (-1.4), but it was no different in southern Sweden than in the remainder of the country. An increase in the price of spirits seems to affect sales as much as a price decrease, that is, the price effect seems to be symmetric. Finally, the results indicated that since 1995 sales of beer and wine increased more, and spirits sales less, than predicted from the development in prices. ■ Conclusions The study confirms previous findings that the demand of alcoholic beverages is responsive to changes in price; however, price is not the sole factor that drives the trends in sales. The reduced elasticity for beer may be due to the marked drop in beer prices.
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Schulz, Lee L., Ted C. Schroeder, and Katharine L. White. "Value of Beef Steak Branding: Hedonic Analysis of Retail Scanner Data." Agricultural and Resource Economics Review 41, no. 2 (August 2012): 260–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1068280500003397.
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Consumers rely on experience and credence attributes when purchasing beef from retailers. It is essential for all beef industry sectors to recognize the complexity of consumer buying behavior. A hedonic model is estimated to determine if there are incentives to brand beef steaks, the types of brands that entertain price premiums, and the level of existing premiums. Most branded steaks garnered premiums along with organic claims, religious processing claims, and premium cuts. Factors influencing brand value were new brands targeting emerging consumer trends, brands with regional prominence, and brands positioned as special label, program/breed specific production, and store labels.
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Zhang, Xin Min, Kuang Cen, and Wan Li Xing. "Information Processing for Analysis of Consumption Flexibility of Global Natural Gas Demand." Applied Mechanics and Materials 707 (December 2014): 514–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.707.514.
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Gas consumption exist great regional difference, price and income are the main factors affecting consumption .Global gas consumption has slow growth, but the price in 2008 there was a twist. We analyze the global natural gas consumption and price points using the data from the BP. The level of economic development and natural gas reserves determine the differences in the levels of consumption. In order to eliminate the impact per unit, the regression model uses the data in the log. This paper studied the influence factors of natural gas consumption in North America using of consumer income elasticity and price elasticity. The results show that the gas consumption have a low income elasticity and price elasticity is higher .Law of "S" shape can explain the income elasticity is low, the reason is that the stage of economic development. Price elasticity is higher lies in the different between Canada and the United States, the United States is a net importer of natural gas, and Canada is a net exporter. Keywords: Consumption Flexibility; Natural Gas Demand; income; price
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Shikhova, O. А., M. N. Selina, and V. M. Selin. "The forecasting of operating results of fish processing enterprises: problems and methodological approaches to their solving." Statistics and Economics 16, no. 6 (December 26, 2019): 37–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.21686/2500-3925-2019-6-37-47.
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The basic methodological aspects and approbation results of forecasting and planning of the sales volumes of a fish processing enterprise, depending from a natural and climatic factor (environmental temperature) are considered in the article through the example of the groups of companies “Art-fish” of Vologda city. The dependence of volume of consumer demand for products of the fish processing enterprise from the ambient temperature regime is educed. The methods of building of a regression model between time series of the studied indexes and the order of calculation of forecasting levels of daily revenue are described. The economic model of the dynamic dependence of daily revenue of fish product sales from the average environmental temperature is built. The forecasts of the revenue levels of sales taking into account the dynamics influence of the average daily temperature of the environment and the weekly cycle of its fluctuations are received. The presented methods of modeling and forecasting of the level of daily revenue will allow taking reasonable decisions in practice for evaluation of planned values of product procurement for sale within a short-term upcoming period; that is timely in the conditions of fast-changing consumer market.Purpose was in finding and modeling of the dynamic dependence of daily revenue of sales of the fish-processing enterprise from the fluctuations of the ambient temperature regime and the development of the methods of its forecasting.Materials and methods. As part of the study the methods of econometric modeling were used in complex based on the time series, including the building of the trend models, models with a cyclical component, regression models. The indexes of the operating results of the group of companies “Art-fish” of Vologda city served as the primary data. They were taken from the bases of the mentioned enterprises. The indexes of the temperature regime of the environment were received from the Weather journal of the official website of weather forecast Gismeteo.Results. The research required quite a deep study of the character and peculiarities of the dynamics of the indexes of daily revenue and preparation of the data for modeling. While studying the regularities of interdependent dynamics of the indexes of revenue and environmental temperature the number of important conclusions were received that consequently defined the methods of building of the regression model and the order of calculation of the forecasting levels. The presence of the firm inverse correlation between the trend of the daily revenue and environmental temperature was educed. Herewith the analysis of the results of forecasting using the received models showed that the forecast accuracy, both point and interval with a weakening of the strength of the manifestation of the correlation dependence between the signs does not decrease. According to the results of correlation-regression analysis the methods of forecasting of the levels of daily revenue for fish-processing enterprises were suggested which would allow taking reasonable decisions for evaluation of the planned volumes of product procurement for sale within a short-term upcoming period that was timely in the conditions of a fast-changing consumer market.Conclusion. As the studies showed, consumer demand for the products of fish processing enterprises flexibly responded to the change of the ambient temperature. This fact allowed developing the methodological approaches to the forecasting of the levels of daily revenue that was absolutely necessary for taking reasonable decisions on planning of the volumes of procurement and output of production for a short- term upcoming period. In the contemporary market conditions and uncertainty the possibility to plan production and financial activities for processing enterprises of food industry is especially currently topical.
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Cottle, David, and Euan Fleming. "Do price premiums for wool characteristics vary for different end products, processing routes and fibre diameter categories?" Animal Production Science 56, no. 12 (2016): 2146. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an14744.
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No Australian wool price hedonic studies have separated auction data into different end product-processing groups (PPR) on the basis of all fibre attributes that affect the suitability of wool sale lots for PPR. This study was conducted to assess: (1) whether including information about PPR groupings is more useful in understanding price than clustering by broad fibre diameter (FD) categories, and (2) if the ‘noise’ of macroeconomic effects on price can be reduced by using a clean price relative to the market indicator (RelPrice) formula or a log RelPrice formula compared with log price or clean price. Hedonic models using data derived from 369 918 Australian auction sale lots in 2010–2011 were estimated for these four dependent price variables. Linear FD models predicted less of price’s variance than quadratic or exponential models. Segmenting wool sale lots into 10 PPR before wool price analyses was found to increase the proportion of price variance explained and thus be worthwhile. The change in price with a change in FD, staple length and staple strength differs significantly between PPR. Calculating RelPrice or log RelPrice appears a better price parameter than clean price or log price. Comparing the RelPrice and clean price models, the mean absolute percentage errors were 6.3% and 16.2%, respectively. The differences in price sensitivity to FD, staple length and staple strength across PPR implies a complex set of price-setting mechanisms for wool as different users place different values on these wool properties. These price-setting mechanisms need to be incorporated in hedonic models for agricultural products that possess this characteristic. The wool price premiums can be used to estimate relative economic values when constructing sheep breeding selection indexes and can help determine the most profitable wool clip preparation strategies.
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Kozlova, M. A. "Temporal cost-of-living index: from the generation of conception to the applied assessment." Statistics and Economics 15, no. 5 (November 13, 2018): 63–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.21686/2500-3925-2018-5-63-72.
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The purpose of this paper consists in the identification of historical development pattern of the cost-of-living index, which is a significant price indicator of macroeconomic process.Materials and methods. The analysis of the cost-of-living index conception in dynamics is realized on the base of the foreign (American and West European) periodical data, also on the base of bulletins of U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. The methods of research is an analysis of generated conceptions of the cost-of-living index, mathematically well-founded selection of possible formulae of cost-of-living index, empirical justification of hypotheses about the ratio of the cost-of-living index and other indexes, the numerical estimation of bias calculated in relation of the cost-of-living index.Results. The history of cost-of-living index development was divided into two stages, the boundary between two stages is 1945, when the price index, which was calculated before this moment and named the cost-of-living index, was renamed the consumer price index. The first stage (from the middle of 1910th to 1945) was described by the first accumulation of data and researches. The most part of researches consists of the survey papers and articles estimating the modern methods of cost-of living index assessment. In addition, there are some articles about the conception of cost-of-living index ant its formulae that are the base of researches after 1945. On the second stage when the investigations of cost-of-living index and consumer price index were divided, the most part of articles consists of the mathematical selection and proofs concerning the detection of the sphere of determinant to cost-of-living index of indicators (income and expenditure, used technology, family structure), also concerning the inclusion and connection of cost-of-living index in the context of economics. Empirical works of the second stage confirm some theoretical ideas on the base of national statistics.Conclusion. The temporal cost-of-living index is the significant indicator not only of price process in the national economy, also dynamics marker of the standard of living. The effort to attract the attention to cost-of-living index will allow methodically enriching the economic researches and generating the ways of this indicator development. Among the ways it needs to mark out the calculating “alternative” consumer price indexes with due regard to approximation to cost-of-living index, realization of econometric investigation on the base of Russian statistics and intensification of the theoretical analysis on the base of conception of the true cost-of-living index by A. Konüs.
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Setyadharma, Andryan, and Adi Kurniawan Sujatmiko. "Kontribusi Jumlah Pengunjung Obyek Wisata Dataran Tinggi Dieng Bagi Pendapatan Asli Daerah Kabupaten Wonosobo." JFRES: Journal of Fiscal and Regional Economy Studies 2, no. 2 (September 30, 2019): 26–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.36883/jfres.v2i2.31.
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increasing regional revenue. For a region with limited potential of its’ natural resources it will be a challenge in an attempt to maximize the potential of the region. One of the effort to maximize the regional revenue is by optimizing potential in the tourism sector. Types of data in this research are secondary data such as tourist numbers, consumer price index, General Allocation Grant, and Local Revenue of Wonosobo Regency. The analytical tool is multiple regression analysis with statistical tests and classical assumption. This research aimed to understand the effect of the number of visits tourist, consumer price index, and General Allocation Grant against the Local Revenue of Wonosobo Regency from 2015 to 2017. The results of the regression processing of short-term models show that the consumer price index variable has a significant effect on Regional Original Income with a probability value of 0.0090 smaller than the real level α = 5%. While the variable number of visitors and General Allocation Funds did not have a significant effect on Regional Original Income with a probability value greater than the real level α = 5%.
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Rai, Bharat. "Consumer Brand Preference: An Empirical Study of Car Buying in Nepal." Archives of Business Research 8, no. 7 (August 4, 2020): 258–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/abr.87.8611.
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The main objective of the study is to identify the effect of product attributes, price perception, appearance perception, brand personality and self-congruity on brand preference in the buying of car in Nepalese market. Primary data was used for the study and data were collected through structured questionnaire in the five point Likert scale from car users in Nepalese market. Convenient sampling was used for the study and Kathmandu was the sampling location. 500 questionnaires were distributed to car users among them 394 questionnaires were collected. SPSS software has been used to processing and analyzes the data. Mean, Standard Deviation, Correlation and Regression techniques have been used to analyze the data. The research paper found that there is significant positive relationship between independent variables and dependent variable consumer behavior. Moreover, it is found that, there is significant and positive influence of price perception, appearance perception, brand personality and self-congruity on brand preference and product attributes has no significant influence on brand preference in buying of car in Nepalese market.
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Mathios, Alan D. "Socioeconomic Factors, Nutrition, and Food Choices: An Analysis of the Salad Dressing Market." Journal of Public Policy & Marketing 15, no. 1 (March 1996): 45–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/074391569601500104.
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Most studies utilize consumer surveys or experimental data to investigate the relationship between socioeconomic variables and food choices. The author examines actual purchase behavior (supermarket scanner data) in the natural shopping environment. The author focuses on whether the propensity to purchase high-fat unlabeled products within a product category varies across supermarkets with different demographic profiles. The results show differences in this propensity across demographic groups, even after accounting for price and sale promotions. The findings are consistent with consumer survey and experimental design research on the relationship between demographic characteristics and the processing of nutrition information.
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Wylis, Ratna, Novilia Santri, and Robet Asnawi. "PENGENALAN PENGOLAHAN SUSU KAMBING DI KECAMATAN SUKADANA KABUPATEN LAMPUNG TIMUR [Introduction of Goat Milk Processing in Sub-district of Sukadana, District of East Lampung of the Lampung Province]." Jurnal Teknologi & Industri Hasil Pertanian 23, no. 1 (February 28, 2018): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/jtihp.v23i1.45-56.
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Milk is easily damaged when handling is poor, so it has a relatively short shelf life. To handle the excess milk production, the most appropriate step is to preserve milk to extend the shelf life through processing, and at the community level the consumption of processed milk is higher than the consumption of fresh milk. This research was conducted in Muara Jaya Village, Sukadana District, East Lampung Regency, from June to August 2016 with Mentari’s women farmer group as cooperator. The types of processed goat milk introduced are goat’s milk with spice flavoured, goat's milk ice cream with strawberry tasted, goat's milk ice cream with kweni tasted, and goat's milk caramel candy. The products of goat’s milk are tested on consumer preference and its counted breakeven price for each kind of product, so it is known how much the price of kind of processed goat’s milk if it want to commercialized. Observation parameters included, proximate analysis for fresh goat’s milk, consumer acceptance rate and break even price of each kind of product. Observation of consumer acceptance level is done by using hedonic scale (scale 1-5) from 20 panelists and breakeven price is calculated by comparing total production cost with yield produced. The collected data were analyzed statistically and if there was difference of the mean value was continued with DMRT test at 5% level. The results showed that the development of goat’s milk preparation is very pospective because goat’s milk has high protein content and low fat content so good for health; Processed goat’s milk produced introduced by the consumer, with a mean score> 3; The result of break even analysis shows that goat milk processing has prospect to be developed, because the price of its break even point is still reached by consumer that is: Rp.45.500, -/ liter goat’s milk spice flavoured; Rp. 61.267/liter goat's milk ice cream strawberry tasted, Rp.55.933, -/ liter goat's milk ice cream kweni tasted, and Rp. 1.479 /goat's milk caramel candy.
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Wylis, Ratna, Novilia Santri, and Robet Asnawi. "PENGENALAN PENGOLAHAN SUSU KAMBING DI KECAMATAN SUKADANA KABUPATEN LAMPUNG TIMUR [Introduction of Goat Milk Processing in Sub-district of Sukadana, District of East Lampung of the Lampung Province]." Jurnal Teknologi & Industri Hasil Pertanian 23, no. 1 (February 28, 2018): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/jtihp.v23i1.45-58.
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Milk is easily damaged when handling is poor, so it has a relatively short shelf life. To handle the excess milk production, the most appropriate step is to preserve milk to extend the shelf life through processing, and at the community level the consumption of processed milk is higher than the consumption of fresh milk. This research was conducted in Muara Jaya Village, Sukadana District, East Lampung Regency, from June to August 2016 with Mentari’s women farmer group as cooperator. The types of processed goat milk introduced are goat’s milk with spice flavoured, goat's milk ice cream with strawberry tasted, goat's milk ice cream with kweni tasted, and goat's milk caramel candy. The products of goat’s milk are tested on consumer preference and its counted breakeven price for each kind of product, so it is known how much the price of kind of processed goat’s milk if it want to commercialized. Observation parameters included, proximate analysis for fresh goat’s milk, consumer acceptance rate and break even price of each kind of product. Observation of consumer acceptance level is done by using hedonic scale (scale 1-5) from 20 panelists and breakeven price is calculated by comparing total production cost with yield produced. The collected data were analyzed statistically and if there was difference of the mean value was continued with DMRT test at 5% level. The results showed that the development of goat’s milk preparation is very pospective because goat’s milk has high protein content and low fat content so good for health; Processed goat’s milk produced introduced by the consumer, with a mean score> 3; The result of break even analysis shows that goat milk processing has prospect to be developed, because the price of its break even point is still reached by consumer that is: Rp.45.500, -/ liter goat’s milk spice flavoured; Rp. 61.267/liter goat's milk ice cream strawberry tasted, Rp.55.933, -/ liter goat's milk ice cream kweni tasted, and Rp. 1.479 /goat's milk caramel candy.
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Sharma, Sushmita, and Sachin Upadhayaya. "MARKETING OF MANDARIN ORANGE IN JAJARKOT DISTRICT: A VALUE CHAIN ANALYSIS." Malaysian E Commerce Journal 4, no. 1 (April 6, 2020): 05–08. http://dx.doi.org/10.26480/mecj.01.2020.05.08.
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The study was conducted to analyze the value chain of mandarin orange in Jajarkot district with the objective of drawing value chain map, defining linkage and value governance and finding major constraints. Total 82 respondents were interviewed by a semi-structured questionnaire including 60 farmers, 5 retailers, 5 collectors, 10 consumers, and 2 processors. EXCEL 2019 and SPSS 20 were used to enter and analyze data. Grading and sorting were major value-adding activities while processing was done at the retailer level in end markets. Grading fetched 4.188% and 3.94% more profit in contractor and consumer level respectively. The Most dominating channel was farmer-local consumer (46%) where farmers sold produce to Jajarkot fair. The Average price at farmgate, retailer, collector and contractor were 39.08/kg, 61.2/kg, 46.75/kg, and 49.75/kg respectively. Productivity of mandarin was found 8.54 mt/ha and B/C ratio was found 2.56. Margin in farmer-collector-retailer-consumer channel was 29.25 and in farmer-retailer-consumer channel was 23.08. Producer share was found highest in channel 5 (60.13%) and market efficiency was found higher in channel 3 (4.88%). Similarly, price spread in channels 3,4 and 5 were 34.33%, 64.19%, and 66.75% respectively. Vertical Integration included farmer and nurseries in backward linkage and farmer and farmer collector in the forward linkage. High transport cost was the reason for the high price of mandarin. Overall, the trade of mandarin in Jajarkot was found buyer-driven. Major problems related to marketing were poor storage (0.877) and processing facilities (0.833). The study revealed that mandarin production is profitable and potential in Jajarkot.
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Nuril M, Della, and Yuniorita Indah Handayani. "The Effect Of Brand Image, Quality Products And Price On Samsung Handphone Decision Purchase." ABM : International Journal of Administration, Business and Management 1, no. 1 (November 29, 2020): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.31967/abm.v1i1.380.
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This study aims to determine the effect of Brand Image either together or partially or to know the variables that affect consumer purchasing decisions. Independent variables used in this study are brand image (X1), Product Quality (X2) and Price (X3) while the dependent variable is Purchase Decision (Y). The research method used in this research is quantitative research method by using sample of 50 respondents of STIE Mandala Jember Students. Data analysis method used in this research is descriptive analysis method and multiple linear regression analysis. Data processing is done by using computer software SPSS 20 for windows.
Keywords: Brand Image, Product Quality, Price and Purchase Decision
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Anzhelika, GERASYMENKO, and KOVTUN Victoriya. "DEFORMATION OF CONSUMER DEMAND UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF ARTIFICIAL INFORMATION ASYMMETRY." INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC-PRACTICAL JOURNAL "COMMODITIES AND MARKETS" 36, no. 4 (December 10, 2020): 4–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.31617/tr.knute.2020(36)01.
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Background. The formation of the information economy has stimulated economic entities to form and operate artificial information asymmetry, which highlights the importance of research in this problematic area. Analysis of recent research and publications. Information asymmetry has become the subject of research by a number of Nobel laureates and less-known economists who have studied the effects of artificial information asymmetry in the system of "principal-agent" relations, competitive, contractual relations, and so on. The aim of the article is to determine the mechanism of influence of artificial information asymmetry on consumer demand. Materials and methods. The research is based on the theoretical and economic analysis of scientific works of researchers of the phenomenon of information asymmetry, as well as the analytical processing of statistical data. Graphic modelling of the influence of manipulative practices of creating artificial information asymmetry on the consumer value of economic good is carried out. Results. Deceptive commercial practices are becoming increasingly popular in the information economy, making it possible to critically increase the consumer value of economic benefits in terms of its emotional component. At the same time, the use of digital algorithms for consumer identification and collection of consumer histories allows the most productive exploitation of the corresponding increase in consumer value, converting it into additional income by means of price personalization. Conclusion. Regardless of the tool used to increase information asymmetry between buyers and sellers of consumer goods, the mechanism of its deforming influence remains unchanged: the primary deformation is subjective assessment of the total utility of consumption of goods, which causes overestimation of the emotional component of its consumer value, resulting in deformed consumer demand, the reserve price of the corresponding good increases, and with it - the personalized price of its sale for the concrete consumer.
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Maia, Emanuella Gomes, Camila Mendes dos Passos, Renata Bertazzi Levy, Ana Paula Bortoletto Martins, Laís Amaral Mais, and Rafael Moreira Claro. "What to expect from the price of healthy and unhealthy foods over time? The case from Brazil." Public Health Nutrition 23, no. 4 (January 15, 2020): 579–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980019003586.
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AbstractObjective:To measure change in price of food groups over time (1995–2030) in Brazil, considering the Brazilian Dietary Guidelines’ recommendations.Design:Data from the Household Budget Survey (2008–2009 HBS) and the National System of Consumer Price Indexes (NSCPI) were used to create a data set containing monthly prices for the foods and beverages most consumed in the country (n 102), from January 1995 to December 2017. Data on price of foods and beverages from 2008–2009 HBS (referring to January 2009) were used to calculate real price over time using the monthly variation in prices from NSCPI. All prices were deflated to December 2017. Foods and beverages were classified following the Brazilian Dietary Guidelines’ recommendations. The monthly price for each food group and subgroup was used to analyse changes in prices from 1995 to 2017 and to forecast prices up to 2030 using fractional polynomial models.Setting:Brazil.Participants:National estimates of foods and beverages purchased for Brazil.Results:In 1995, ultra-processed foods were the most expensive group (R$ 6·51/kg), followed by processed foods (R$ 6·44/kg), then unprocessed or minimally processed foods and culinary ingredients (R$ 3·45/kg). Since the early 2000s, the price of ultra-processed foods underwent successive reductions, becoming cheaper than processed foods and reducing the distance between it and the price of the other group. Forecasts indicate that unhealthy foods will become cheaper than healthy foods in 2026.Conclusions:Food prices in Brazil have changed unfavourably considering the Brazilian Dietary Guidelines’ recommendations. This may imply a decrease in the quality of the population’s diet.
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Saad, Ammar, Zhang Rui Tao, and Xia Ying. "Comparative Advantage and Market Distortions: A Policy Analysis Matrix for Iraqi Wheat Crop Production." Journal of Agricultural Science 11, no. 2 (January 15, 2019): 82. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v11n2p82.
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Wheat is the most crop have been subsidized by the government in Iraq, through subsidizing the input of the production (seed, pesticide, and machines), as well as, subsidize the output of the production through purchasing it from the producers at a high price compared to the world market price. The study aims to assess the competitive advantage of wheat production in Iraq through some of the measures derived from the policy analysis matrix. This study according to secondary data has published by Iraqi Ministry of Planning/Central Organization of Statistics and Information Technology 2018, for wheat production costs of cultivation season in Iraqi provinces 2017. The results of the study indicated that the coefficients measures show, there is a government subsidy for wheat output and that means, producers receive prices higher than international prices with the existence of this policy. While the comparative advantage indicators showed, the wheat crop in Iraq was achieved private profits due to government intervention in the inputs and outputs of production, nor competitive advantage in social prices. Where the policy reflection indexes/market distortions analysis shows, that the government policy for wheat production 2017 subsidized the producers on the consumer cost, where the local market price for wheat is higher than the price of wheat in the world market.
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Liu, Xiao, Dokyun Lee, and Kannan Srinivasan. "Large-Scale Cross-Category Analysis of Consumer Review Content on Sales Conversion Leveraging Deep Learning." Journal of Marketing Research 56, no. 6 (August 30, 2019): 918–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022243719866690.
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How consumers use review content has remained opaque due to the unstructured nature of text and the lack of review-reading behavior data. The authors overcome this challenge by applying deep learning–based natural language processing on data that tracks individual-level review reading, searching, and purchasing behaviors on an e-commerce site to investigate how consumers use review content. They extract quality and price content from 500,000 reviews of 600 product categories and achieve two objectives. First, the authors describe consumers’ review-content-reading behaviors. Although consumers do not read review content all the time, they do rely on it for products that are expensive or of uncertain quality. Second, the authors quantify the causal impact of read-review content on sales by using supervised deep learning to tag six theory-driven content dimensions and applying a regression discontinuity in time design. They find that aesthetics and price content significantly increase conversion across almost all product categories. Review content has a higher impact on sales when the average rating is higher, ratings variance is lower, the market is more competitive or immature, or brand information is not accessible. A counterfactual simulation suggests that reordering reviews based on content can have the same effect as a 1.6% price cut for boosting conversion.
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Astuti, Felinda, Henny Welsa, and Ignatius Soni Kurniawan. "PENGARUH VARIASI MENU DAN CITA RASA, PERSEPSI HARGA, KEBERSIHAN TERHADAP KEPUASAN KONSUMEN PADA RUMAH MAKAN DUTA MINANG JL. BRIGJEN KATAMSO." MANAJEMEN DEWANTARA 1, no. 1 (April 30, 2019): 151. http://dx.doi.org/10.26460/md.v3i1.7655.
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This research was conducted to examine the effect of menu variations and tastes, perceptions of price, cleanliness on customer satisfaction at Duta Minang Restaurant Jln. Brig. Gen. Katamso. This study uses the dependent variable namely menu variation and taste, price perception, cleanliness and independent variables, namely customer satisfaction. The sampling technique used is Simple Accidential Sampling. Simple Accidential Technique Sampling, which is known as opportunity sample or free sampling, was chosen because of comfortable accessibility and proximity to the researcher. Samples are only taken at consumers of Duta Minang Restaurant Jln. Brigadier General Katamso totaling 100 people. The procedure for collecting data uses questionnaires that are distributed to be filled by Duta Minang consumers. Data processing uses multiple regression analysis with SPSS 16.0 tools. Based on data analysis and the results of hypothesis testing in this study it can be concluded that menu variations and tastes have a positive effect on consumer satisfaction with a significance level of 0,000. Price perception has a positive effect on customer satisfaction with a significance level of 0,000. Cleanliness has a positive effect on consumer satisfaction with a significance level of 0.016. This gives the implication that companies with good hygiene can increase customer satisfaction. And simultaneously the variable variations in menu and taste, price perception, and cleanliness positively influence consumer satisfaction with the value of F obtained at 207,528 and an error rate of 5%, the ability of the regression equation in this study, to explain the magnitude of variation that occurs in the dependent variable of 86 , 2% while 13.8% is explained by variables that the researcher cannot explain.
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Razuli, Muhammad, Sugiarto Sugiarto, and Taufiq Saidi. "FAKTOR-FAKTOR KEPUTUSAN PENDUDUK MASUK DALAM PEMILIHAN LOKASI PERUMAHAN DI KOTA BANDA ACEH." Jurnal Arsip Rekayasa Sipil dan Perencanaan 3, no. 1 (April 17, 2020): 378–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.24815/jarsp.v3i1.16450.
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The housing complex in Banda Aceh City has been built up and spread to the suburbs. The condition of one housing with another housing is different. Each consumer has its own consideration in determining the housing location, type of house built, facilities provided, and the price and manner of ownership of the house. This study aims to identify consumer decision factors in choosing housing locations, and identify dominant consumer decision factors in choosing housing locations in Banda Aceh City. Respondents in this study were residents entering the city of Banda Aceh. The number of samples in this study was set at 150 people. The sampling technique used was proportionate stratified random sampling, which is the determination of samples in proportionally non-homogeneous and stratified populations. The factors evaluated are accessibility factors, completeness of infrastructure and facilities, facilities, environmental conditions, prices and services, and buildings. Data processing used validity test, and reliability test, while data analysis used descriptive analysis and factor analysis of Principle Component Analysis (PCA). The results showed that factors that became consumer decisions in choosing housing locations were accessibility and service factors, infrastructure and facilities, facilities and home ownership, environmental conditions, price and design, road conditions, and price conformity factors. The dominant consumer decision factor in choosing housing locations is accessibility and service factors with a variance of 24.798%. Indicators of accessibility and service factors are proximity to the workplace, proximity to the main road, proximity to the city center, proximity to trade facilities, proximity to educational facilities, proximity to banking service facilities, proximity to government offices, proximity to recreational/entertainment places, proximity to sports venues, proximity to terminals, ease of reaching locations without significant obstacles, prices according to facilities and infrastructure offered, speed of developers receiving complaints, DP fees and ease of DP payments, discounts, and gift bonuses.
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Białek, Jacek. "Utilisation of scanner data in the measurement of inflation – international experiences and methodological challenges." Wiadomości Statystyczne. The Polish Statistician 65, no. 1 (February 28, 2020): 9–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.9021.
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According to the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development’s definition, scanner data are detailed data on consumer goods obtained by scanning their bar codes at points of sale. The advantages of this kind of data include completeness at the lowest level of aggregation, relatively low cost of acquisition and the fact that they enable a multiplicity of observations. Nevertheless, scanner data also have drawbacks and limitations. The aim of the paper is to identify the problems and methodological challenges related to the acquisition, processing and aggregation of scanner data, which are then used to estimate the Consumer Price Index (CPI). One of the most important decisions in the whole process is the right choice of an index formula dedicated to elementary (homogeneous) product groups. The essence of the problem, along with some recommendations, has been presented on the example of two sets of data from Allegro e-commerce platform for the period of 4 Dec, 2015 to 28 Dec, 2018, obtained through a special tool – TradeWatch. The evaluation of the sensitiveness of the results of the price dynamics measurement according to the chosen index formula has been carried out on the basis of two groups of products: men’s sports watches and office chairs. The most important observations are as follows: firstly, the differences between bilateral price indices and their chained versions are likely to be significant because of the dynamic character of scanner data sets; secondly, the differences between multilateral price indices might amount to several percentage points for a yearly time window; thirdly, the differences between the values of the GEKS and CCDI indices are slight, and the Geary-Khamis index for the full-time window ceases to differ significantly from the real time index just after a few months; and fourthly, the prices of products sold via electronic platforms as well as their quantities and sales volumes might differ depending on which particular day of a week they were sold, and even at which hour.
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Sari, Bida, and Estu Mahanani. "Analisis Pengaruh Harga, Produk, Perilaku Konsumen Terhadap Keputusan Pembelian Telon Lang." Jurnal STEI Ekonomi 26, no. 02 (December 4, 2017): 296–316. http://dx.doi.org/10.36406/jemi.v26i02.238.
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This study aims to determine the effect of variable price (X1), product (X2) and consumer behavior (X3) on buying decisions (Y). The method used is the interactive-associative research. This research population is all of the people who live at RT.13 and RT.14 RW.07 North Utan Kayu, East Jakarta.The sampling technique is done by Accidented Sampling of 67 respondents who attendCSR event “Kunjungan Posyandu Telon Cap Lang” PT. Eagle Indo Pharma at Posyandu RW.07.Data collection is using observation, interviews and questionnaires. Analysis of the data used is quantitative analysis, including correlation analysis, determination analysis and multiple linear regression analysis (simultaneously), and hypothesis testing using t-test and F-test.The results of data processing performed with SPSS 19.0 forwindows. The value of correlation coefficient (R) is 0.950.The value of determination coefficient is(R2) = 0.903. It means that 90.3%variation of dependent variable (decision of buying) could be predicted from the combination of variables (pricing, product and consumer behavior)and the remaining 9.7% is influenced by other factors. The regression equation was obtained Y = 1,291+ 0.289 X1 + 0.476 X2 + 0.205 X3. For the F test obtained F value is calculated at 142.689, greater than F-table (2.807) with α = 5%, so the conclusion: reject Ho and Ha is accepted. It means there is significant influence of variable price (X1), product (X2) and consumer behavior (X3) together on decision of buying(Y).
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Evdokimova, Oksana, Inna Butenko, Oksana Gubina, and Nikita Evdokimov. "Consumer Demand Analysis while Choosing Processed Cheeses on the Market of the Oryol City." Food Industry 5, no. 3 (September 21, 2020): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.29141/2500-1922-2020-5-3-9.
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The article concerns the up-to-date issues of consumer demand analysis when choosing processed cheeses using sociological and statistical methods of data processing. The study objectives were: to analyze the balance between the expenditures level and the expenditures share of the family budget on food; to determine consumer preferences for types of processed cheeses, to study its price and quality, purchases frequency, and manufacturer’s choice; to identify the consumers attitude to innovations aimed at increasing the nutritional value of processed cheeses. The developed model for measuring the latent variable in the analysis of consumer preferences for processed cheeses formed the basis of the survey questionnaire. The authors conducted the sample survey in four administrative districts of Oryol. They used a questionnaire method to survey a part of the population, selected equally in the administrative districts. The analysis reveals the following data: more than 80.0 % of respondents regularly buy processed cheeses; more than 20.0 % rarely buy cheeses. When choosing cheeses, 50.0 % of respondents are subject to the price; about 40.0 % prefer the quality of cheeses, 12.0 % of this group are low-income respondents; 13.5 % of respondents said that they have purchased low-quality processed cheeses. According to the survey of the consumer demand level for processed cheeses with a probability of 0.997, the share of the Oryol population that may be interested in buying processed cheeses of high nutritional value with vegetable additives ranges from 80.2 to 92.8%, and the share of the population that regularly buys processed cheeses is from 75.8 to 88.3 %.
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Laili, Nurul, Sri Hindarti, and Dwi Susilowati. "ANALYSIS OF FACTORS AFFECTING THE PRICE FLUCTUATION OF CAYENNE PEPPER IN MALANG REGENCY." Agrisocionomics: Jurnal Sosial Ekonomi Pertanian 5, no. 1 (June 17, 2021): 19–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/agrisocionomics.v5i1.7123.
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This study aims to 1) Analyze the pattern of changes in commodity prices for spanish pepper in Malang District. 2) Analyzing the factors that influence fluctuations in the price of spanish pepper in Malang District. The research method used is quantitative method that uses secondary data in the form of time series obtained from several related agencies, namely the Central Statistics Agency of Malang District, Department of Industry and Trade, and Department of food crops, horticulture, and plantation in Malang District. Analysis of the data used is multiple linear regression with the dependent variable is the price at the consumer level from 2009-2018, while the independent variables use the data of the price of spanish pepper at the producer level, the amount of production, and the amount of consumption from 2009-2018. The study found that: 1) The development of the price of spanish pepper had a trend that tended to increase during the last 10 years. 2) From the results of data processing using multiple linear regression method with Eviews 9.0 application, it is found that the factor that significantly influences changes in the price of spanish pepper is the price at the producer level, while the amount of production of spanish pepper and the number of requests does not significantly affect the change in spanish pepper prices in Malang District.
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Jia, He (Michael), Sha Yang, Xianghua Lu, and C. Whan Park. "Do Consumers Always Spend more when Coupon Face Value is Larger? The Inverted U-Shaped Effect of Coupon Face Value on Consumer Spending Level." Journal of Marketing 82, no. 4 (July 2018): 70–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1509/jm.14.0510.
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Commonly, a coupon can be applied to one of several vertically differentiated products sold at different prices within the same product line of a brand. With such a product-line coupon, consumers need to decide on the specific product to buy, resulting in different levels of consumer spending. One field data set and four lab experiments demonstrate that the relationship between coupon face value and consumer spending level may not always be intuitively positive; under certain circumstances, it could take an inverted U-shape. The authors develop a threshold-based model to explain the inverted U-shaped effect of coupon face value on consumer spending level and show that this effect occurs when the price level of products is high, when consumers have a strong saving orientation, when they experience low information load from processing a small number of products, when they are inclined to engage in thorough product comparison, or when they have a weak preexisting preference for a specific level of product benefit.
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Yoeliastuti, Yoeliastuti, Evalina Darlin, and Eko Sugiyanto. "PENGARUH CITRA MEREK, HARGA DAN PROMOSI TERHADAP KEPUTUSAN PEMBELIAN MELALUI APLIKASI PENJUALAN ONLINE SHOPEE." JURNAL LENTERA BISNIS 10, no. 2 (August 12, 2021): 212. http://dx.doi.org/10.34127/jrlab.v10i2.425.
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<p><em>This study aims to determine the effect of brand image, price and promotion on people's purchasing decisions through the Shopee online sales application. The population taken in this research is all people who make purchases through the Shopee online sales application with a total of 104 respondents. Data collection techniques are primary data, namely distributing questionnaires via google form. In this study, it is also explained whether all elements are related, namely whether brand image, price and promotion have an effect on people's purchasing decisions through Shopee's online sales. This study is also to determine how much influence arises from brand image, price and promotion on people's purchasing decisions through Shopee online sales, it is hoped that the results obtained can be a reference or Shopee marketing strategy to increase sales. Based on the results of data processing carried out by simultaneous testing, it was found that there was an influence between promotion, brand image and price on consumer purchasing decisions through the Shopee online sales application by 38.2%.</em></p><p><strong><em>Keywords</em></strong><em>: Brand Image, Price, Promotion, Purchase Decision</em></p>
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Nelmapius, A. H., C. Boshoff, A. P. Calitz, and B. R. Klemz. "The impact of the information search variables, time pressure and involvement, on buying behaviour in a three-dimensional hypermedia computer-mediated environment." South African Journal of Business Management 36, no. 3 (September 30, 2005): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajbm.v36i3.631.
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The Internet has the potential (through enormous computing and data processing capabilities and the overcoming of the physical retail constraints of limited time and space) to change the way that modern-day business is being conducted. The potential of the Internet is, however, not always translated into actual retail sales.Currently product information on Web sites is mainly, with a few exceptions, of a two-dimensional nature. This study specifically investigates aspects of consumer behaviour within a three-dimensional hypermedia environment, as opposed to the two-dimensional environment. The role of a sub-set of consumer behaviour variables (time pressure and consumer involvement), as potential barriers to the more frequent use of a three-dimensional Computer-Mediated Environment (CME) as an alternative retail-shopping environment, is empirically assessed.In broad terms the objective of this study was to assess whether manipulating information availability in a CME environment influences consumers’ online shopping behaviour.The results show that there is a negative relationship between shopping time pressure on the one hand and the time spent shopping on the other hand, in an Internet shopping environment without price and information displays (p < 0.05); an Internet shopping environment with only price displays (p < 0,01) and an Internet shopping environment with only product information displays (p < 0,001). There is, however, no relationship between time pressure and consumer involvement regardless of the information available to the Internet shopper.
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Meikshan, Vladimir, and Natalia Teslya. "Selection of optimal data placement using cloud infrastructure." Proceedings of the Russian higher school Academy of sciences, no. 2 (July 21, 2021): 34–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.17212/1727-2769-2021-2-34-42.
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Benefits of using cloud technology are obvious, their application is expanding, as a result, it determines the steady growth of demand. Cloud computing has acquired particular relevance for large companies connected with Internet services, retailing, logistics that generate large volume of business and other information. The use of cloud technologies allows organizing the joint consumption of resources, solving the problems of storing and transferring significant amounts of data. Russian consumer cooperation refers to large territory distributed organizations actively forming their own digital ecosystem. The issue of data storing and processing for consumer coo-peration organizations is very relevant. At the same time, the prices of cloud service providers are significantly different and require solving the problem of minimizing the cost of storing and transferring significant amounts of data. The application of the linear programming method is considered to select the optimal data storage scheme for several cloud service providers having different technical and economic parameters of the package (maximum amount of storage, cost of allocated resources). Mathematical model includes the equation of costs for data storing and transferring and restrictions on the amount of storage, the amount of data and its safety. Software tool that allows to perform numerical calculations is selected Microsoft Excel in combination with the "search for solutions" add-on. In accordance with the mathematical model, the conditions for minimizing the amount of cloud storage costs and the necessary restrictions are established. Initial data are set for three data forming centers, storages of certain size for five cloud service providers and nominal price for information storage and transmission. Calculations of expenses are performed in several variants: without optimization, with the solution of the optimization problem, with price increase by cloud service providers. Results of the calculations confirm the necessity to solve the problem of minimizing the cost of cloud services for corporate clients. The presented model can be expanded for any cost conditions as well as for different areas of cloud applications.
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Setiawan, Irwan. "ANALISIS EKSPLORASI DAN VISUALISASI PROFIL SUPERHOST AIRBNB KOTA MADRID DAN AMSTERDAM." JTT (Jurnal Teknologi Terapan) 6, no. 2 (October 14, 2020): 156. http://dx.doi.org/10.31884/jtt.v6i2.274.
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Superhost Airbnb is an experienced host and provides excellent service to its customers. Superhost has features that can increase the number of bookings and revenue. SuperHost profile is one thing that can be used as a reference for other hosts to improve the quality of service. In this study, an analysis of exploration and visualization of Airbnb hosts' data in the city of Amsterdam and the city of Madrid to find out the profile of superhost from the aspect of price and consumer reviews. The city of Amsterdam and the city of Madrid are chosen because the two cities are the leading destinations for tourists in Europe. The study was conducted using a machine learning approach that has four work steps, namely understanding business processes, data retrieval, data processing, and exploratory analysis and data visualization. The tools used in this study are Jupyter Notebook with the Python programming language. The results obtained from this study are superhost in Madrid, mostly offering rental prices in the price range of $60 - $80. They get the highest reviews from customers based on cleanliness, communication, and check-in. As for Amsterdam, the superhost offers the most rental prices in the price range above $ 140. Superhosts in this price range gets the most reviews from customers in all review groups.
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Sofa, Amarullah. "PREFERENSI KONSUMEN GULA PASIR TERHADAP PRODUK, HARGA, PROMOSI, DAN DISTRIBUSI." Jurnal Ekonomi dan Bisnis Airlangga 29, no. 1 (September 30, 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jeba.v29i12019.1-14.
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Introduction: Distribution system of PTPN XI depends on the tender of regulation that affects benefit for PTPN XI. Java Seven Samurai which act as bidders. This study is expected to provide important information on PTPN XI and stimulus-dependent regulation of Seven Samurai, in order to sell new sugar products directly to the consumer so that the resulting higher profits.Methods: This research is a non-experimental study that performs data collection at a certain time for the sample group (cross-sectional). The research approach used in this study is a qualitative descriptive analysis approach to processing primary data obtained from the research sample.Results: The results of this study, new favorite sugar characteristics are: 1) Product: consumers prefer brands using Indonesian sugar, sugarscrystals are white clearly color, and odorless; 2) Price: consumers like discounts and bonuses given to purchase a lot and adjust the size of the price change per pack; 3) Promotion: social media are easily found and preferred customer is Facebook; 4) Distribution: traditional marketing is a consumer preferred shop and agents while modern retail customers preferred is a minimarket.Conclusion and suggestion: Sugar is distributed directly from PTPN XI preferably at minimarket and agents. While distribution is lacking indirectly (through an agent) is a traditional store.
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Géci, Andrej, Ľudmila Nagyová, Stanislav Mokrý, and Jana Rybanská. "Investigation of consumer behaviour at selected market commodity." Potravinarstvo Slovak Journal of Food Sciences 13, no. 1 (December 28, 2019): 925–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5219/1230.
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Consumer behavior is an unexplored area of life for all buyers and sellers alike. Knowledge of consumer behavior brings better market orientation and more consistent establishment of individual products in consumers' shopping baskets. In examining this behavior, the authors of the paper focus on questions such as why, how, where, when, and how much consumers are willing and able to buy at a particular market price. The behavior in question is influenced by several factors (cultural, social, psychological and personality) that influence the final consumer decisions. The main objective of the present document is to evaluate consumer behavior, their purchasing preferences and also to make decisions when buying a particular food product – tea. The primary data were obtained through a questionnaire survey carried out on a sample of 640 respondents. The questionnaire was divided into two basic parts - the demographic part and the part dealing with consumer behavior at the selected market commodity. In the questionnaire processing the respondents were filtered based on their answers. The research has shown that more than 78% of respondents consume tea while women consume it more (50%). Flavor (56.3%) proved to be the most important factor in the selection of a particular tea. Almost half of the respondents reported consuming cut tea (46.5%). In the present document, assumptions were formulated which serve for a deeper analysis of the issue. The relevance of the formulated assumptions was verified by the XLSTAT statistical software. Data were evaluated by qualitative statistics – Chi-square test of good compliance, Fisher's exact test, Mann Whitney test and Friedman test.
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Zhou, Xi. "A Logistics Information System Model of Agricultural Product Based on Cloud Computing." Journal of Business Theory and Practice 7, no. 2 (May 30, 2019): p99. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/jbtp.v7n2p99.
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Cloud computing technology can play an important role in the various links of agricultural products logistics system, and provide strong technical support for the development of logistics management. The system architecture of agricultural product logistics information system based on cloud computing is drawn in the paper, which include the base layer, service layer, interface layer and user layer. From the perspective of the system functions, the agricultural product logistics information system based on cloud computing is designed to contain six subsystems of the planting management subsystem, process management subsystem, storage management subsystem, transportation management subsystem, order processing subsystem, consumer query subsystem. It has the features of with the help of the RFID technology, cloud computing technology and data mining technology. We decompose the index evaluation system of the agricultural product logistics information system into twelve scheme layers, and use the analytic hierarchy process to determine the weight of the evaluation indexes of each layer.
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Murti, Ariani Trisna, and Sri Andika Putri. "FAKTOR – FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI PERMINTAAN DAGING BROILER DI KOTA MALANG." BUANA SAINS 18, no. 1 (July 3, 2018): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.33366/bs.v18i1.937.
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The research was conducted on a number of consumers who bought broiler chicken and not sold again. The number of respondents in each market amounted to 100 respondents incidental sampling. Research location was chosen with consideration because the big market is in the middle of the city, while for dinoyo market because of its location on subdistrict and reside in the residential area. The data collected are primary and secondary data. The type of this research is quantitative descriptive, that is research which describes or describe characteristic from a state or object of research done through data collecting, data analysis and interpretation result of its analysis. The research method used survey method. Data processing from the results of research conducted using Cobb-Douglas function using SPSS version 16.0. Based on the results of research conducted on broiler consumers in Malang City can be concluded that the factors that affect the level of demand for broiler meat in the city of Malang is the price of the goods themselves (broiler meat prices), price of chicken meat, beef prices, cooking oil prices, incomes per capita, education and consumer tastes.
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Borges, Camila Aparecida, Kamila Tiemann Gabe, and Patricia Constante Jaime. "Consumer Food Environment Healthiness Score: Development, Validation, and Testing between Different Types of Food Retailers." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 7 (April 1, 2021): 3690. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18073690.
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The aim of this study was to develop and validate a scoring system, based on AUDITNOVA, to assess the healthiness of the consumer food environment, considering food availability, price, advertising, and placement strategies. Audited data of 650 food retailers were used to develop, validate, and test the consumer food environment healthiness score. To compose the score, the reference was the Dietary Guidelines for the Brazilian Population. The total and subscores were standardized for a scale from 0 to 100. Construct validity was assessed using the Kruskal–Wallis Dunn tests. Cronbach’s alpha coefficients were calculated to determine the consistency of the scores. The median score was 33.7 (p25 = 26.9; p75 = 42.1). The public and private specialized indoor fresh food markets showed the highest medians; otherwise, bakeries and food retailers with the predominant sale of ultra-processed foods showed the lowest. The score was able to satisfactorily classify the extreme food retailer groups by the predominant sale of fresh or minimally processed foods and the predominant sale of ultra-processed foods. The results of Cronbach’s alpha showed excellent internal consistency (α = 0.91). The score helped to provide an overall assessment of consumer food environment healthiness and was able to classify food retailer groups as healthy and unhealthy according to the degree of processing of the available foods.
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Hilmi, Rahmat. "PENGARUH BAURAN PEMASARAN TERHADAP KEPUTUSAN PEMBELIAN PADA 212 MART BANJARMASIN." Jurnal Mitra Manajemen 4, no. 4 (April 29, 2020): 550–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.52160/ejmm.v4i4.363.
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The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of independent variables consisting of Product, Price, Place and Promotion both simultaneously and partially on the dependent variable of purchasing decisions at 212 Mart Banjarmasin. As well as wanting to find out the dominant variables affecting purchasing decisions at 212 Mart Banjarmasin. The data used is the result of distributing questionnaires to respondents who shop at 212 Mart Banjarmasin. The sample selection technique is Accindental Sampling with a total of 70 consumers. Data processing techniques using SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences). The results showed that simultaneously the Product, Price, Place and Promotion variables significantly influenced the purchase decision variable at 212 Mart Banjarmasin at 14,671. Partially only the place variable influences the purchase decision at 212 Mart Banjarmasin, which is 3.255 with a significance value of 0.002. While the Product variable (0.856), Price (1,627) and Promotion (1,624) have no significant effect on purchasing decisions at 212 Mart Banjarmasin. The dominant influential variable is the Place with Beta Value on Standardized Coefficients (0.382), meaning that according to consumers' perception the place factor becomes something that is considered important in an effort to create a purchasing decision at 212 Mart. Referring to the termination coefficient (R Square) of 0.456, the purchase decision at 212 Mart 45.6% is influenced by product variables, price, place and promotion. While the remaining 45.4% of consumer purchasing decisions are influenced by other variables not included in this study.
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Azouma KOMBIEN, Hervé, and Frédéric M’Bouaré KOMBIENI. "Processing and Marketing of Rice-Derived Products in the Township of Natitingou, Benin." International Journal of Scientific Research and Management 9, no. 06 (June 19, 2021): 2251–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.18535/ijsrm/v9i06.em02.
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In view of the profound changes that have taken place in agriculture, rice has become a major consumer crop. Thus, in addition to its important role in food security, rice is increasingly being transformed into small-scale by-products that are still poorly understood and marketed. The objective of this research is to study the process of transformation and commercialization of rice products in the township of Natitingou.
The methodological approach adopted consists essentially of collecting data from 78 actors, mainly processors and traders of rice derivatives, processing the data and analyzing the results obtained using the SWOT model.
The analysis of the results revealed that the process of processing rice derivatives in Natitingou takes into account the parboiling of rice during its transformation, the transformation of parboiled rice into a derived food product, the hygiene rules observed in the processing room and the fermentation of rice flour for consumption. Nearly 80% of those surveyed said that rice derivatives are processed with archaic tools, and marketing is not very profitable. Despite this situation, rice processing has made it possible to obtain several by-products such as cookies, cakes, akpan, and even tchoucoutou or tchapkalo, etc. Finally, the marketing of these products is done through the marketing used by the groups, the strategies of sale and distribution price of the products derived from rice, the publicity and means of communication for the sale of these products.
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Arunambika T. and Senthil Vadivu P. "OCEDS." International Journal of Distributed Systems and Technologies 12, no. 3 (July 2021): 48–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijdst.2021070103.
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Many organizations require handling a massive quantity of data. The rapid growth of data in size leads to the demand for a new large space for storage. It is impossible to store bulk data individually. The data growth issues compel organizations to search novel cost-efficient ways of storage. In cloud computing, reducing an execution cost and reducing a storage price are two of several problems. This work proposed an optimal cost-effective data storage (OCEDS) algorithm in cloud data centres to deal with this problem. Storing the entire database in the cloud on the cloud client is not the best approach. It raises processing costs on both the customer and the cloud service provider. Execution and storage cost optimization is achieved through the proposed OCEDS algorithm. Cloud CSPs present their clients profit-maximizing services while clients want to reduce their expenses. The previous works concentrated on only one side of cost optimization (CSP point of view or consumer point of view), but this OCEDS reduces execution and storage costs on both sides.
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Fowler, S. M., J. M. Hoban, G. Melville, D. W. Pethick, S. Morris, and D. L. Hopkins. "Maintaining the appeal of Australian lamb to the modern consumer." Animal Production Science 58, no. 8 (2018): 1392. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an17773.
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Aligning the production of lamb cuts with consumer preferences is an ongoing challenge for the Australian lamb supply chain. In recent decades, genetic and on-farm management practices have improved, while the demographics of consumers and their consumption patterns have changed. This has resulted in larger traditional lamb cuts, which have less appeal to modern consumers. Therefore, research has been conducted to determine the potential to fabricate new value-added lamb cuts from heavier carcasses, determine consumer preferences for lamb roasts, investigate the impact of increasing carcass weight and fat depths on the production of value-added retail cuts and determine the nutritional composition of these cuts. In an effort to address these issues, a new value-added cut, the compact shoulder roast, was developed from the forequarter of the carcass to provide an option for retailers processing heavier lamb carcasses. A subsequent survey of consumer preferences highlighted that preferences for roast weight and size were affected by frequency of consumption, with daily consumers preferring the heaviest roasts and younger consumers preferring lighter roasts, implying the need for further fabrication, such as that required for the compact shoulder roast. However, the time taken to fabricate these value-added cuts increases with each kilo increase in carcass weight and decreasing saleable meat yield of lamb carcasses results as the degree of value-adding increases, indicating that a higher average price per kilo is required at retail. Subsequently, value-added cuts will need to be marketed on the basis of other product qualities such as nutritive value. However, profiling of lamb cuts has also shown that there is little data on the nutritive value of a range of lamb cuts, apart from the loin, so work has been undertaken to address this deficiency using grass-fed lamb through a major supply chain.
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García Pérez, Rosa María. "Bases jurídicas relevantes del tratamiento de datos personales en la contratación de contenidos y servicios digitales = Relevant legal bases in the processing of personal data in the contracts of digital contents and digital services." CUADERNOS DE DERECHO TRANSNACIONAL 12, no. 1 (March 5, 2020): 875. http://dx.doi.org/10.20318/cdt.2020.5228.
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Resumen: El proceso emprendido a nivel europeo de revisión, modernización y adaptación de las reglas de protección de consumidores al entorno tecnológico ha puesto en contacto dos esferas normativas de contrapuestos intereses: protección de datos personales y Derecho de consumo. El primer punto de inflexión de la compleja interacción entre ambos marcos regulatorios ha venido de la mano de la Directiva (UE) 2019/770 del Parlamento Europeo y del Consejo, de 20 de mayo de 2019, relativa a determinados aspectos relacionados con los contratos de suministro de contenido digital y servicios digitales, que ofrece los mismos remedios contractuales tanto a consumidores que abonan un precio como a quienes, a modo de contraprestación, facilitan sus datos personales. De las nuevas e interesantes perspectivas de análisis que ofrece la imbricación del derecho fundamental a la protección de datos en la esfera contractual, este trabajo centra su atención en la determinación de las bases de licitud, conforme al Reglamento General de Protección de Datos, de los tratamientos de datos personales derivados del ámbito de aplicación de la Directiva y su incidencia contractual.Palabras clave: Mercado Único Digital Europeo, interacción derecho de consumo-protección de datos personales, suministro de contenidos y servicios digitales, datos personales como contraprestación, principio de licitud del tratamiento.Abstract: The European process of revision, modernization and adaptation of consumer protection rules to the technological environment has brought into contact two regulatory spheres of opposite interests: personal data protection and consumer law. The first inflection point of the complex interaction between both regulatory frameworks has come from the hand of Directive (EU) 2019/770 of the European Parliament and of the Council, of 20 May 2019, on certain aspects concerning contracts for the supply of digital content and digital services, which offers the same contractual remedies both to consumers who pay a price and to those who, by way of counter performance, provide their personal data. Of the new and interesting perspectives of analysis offered by the overlapping of the fundamental right to data protection in the contractual sphere, this paper focuses on the determination of the bases of lawfulness, according to the General Data Protection Regulation, of the processing of derived personal data of the scope of the Directive and its contractual impact.Keywords: EU Digital Single Market, interaction consumer law - data protection regulation, supply of digital content and digital services, counter-performance in the form of personal data, principle of lawfulness of the personal data processing.
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Shalygin, Mikhail Gennady. "Method of Supplier Selection by Means of Correlation of Quality and Cost Characteristics of Products." Quality Innovation Prosperity 22, no. 3 (November 30, 2018): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.12776/qip.v22i3.1189.
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<p><strong>Purpose:</strong> When choosing a supplier, many companies give priority to the lowest cost of products. Problems arise when the consumer wants to buy products with several better quality characteristics, but the products have only one of them. The aim is to establish a link between the quality characteristics of the product and its market value in terms of consumer benefits.</p><p><strong>Methodology/Approach:</strong> The proposed model is based on determining the importance of criteria that determine the indicators of quality, reliability, characteristics of products and their comparison with the market price at which these products are supplied to the consumer. The model is built on the basis of statistical processing of the data received from consumers about preferences at the choice of production.</p><p><strong>Findings:</strong> The method of determining the optimal supplier based on the cost and quality indicators of the product. Some indicators of the quality of products and their ranking by significance for the consumer are given. It gives the examples of calculation methods for univariate and two-factor analysis. It shows the ways of diagramming the determination of values of factors of production.</p><p><strong>Research Limitation/implication:</strong> The model is relevant only at close market value of production for the consumer.</p><strong>Originality/Value of paper:</strong> The methodology of criteria-based evaluation of the quality indicators of the supplied products or services allows making a selection of a products supplier on the basis of quality characteristics of the supplied products.
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Antoniuk, Olena, Natalya Kuzyk, Iryna Zhurakovska, Roman Sydorenko, and Liudmyla Sakhno. "The role of «BIG FOUR» auditing firms in the public procurement market in Ukraine." Independent Journal of Management & Production 11, no. 9 (November 1, 2020): 2483. http://dx.doi.org/10.14807/ijmp.v11i9.1432.
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The authors conducted a study aimed to identify the role of «Big Four» («Big 4») audit firms in the public procurement market in Ukraine.The purpose of the article is to answer the questions: whether Ukraine is in a general trend of most countries in the concentration of audit market; what is the share of revenues of the «Big Four» audit firms in the performance of audit services in the public procurement system in Ukraine. First of all, in order to get answers to these questions, the authors conducted a study of the main trends in the development of the «Big Four» companies in Ukraine. It was found that the characteristic competitive environment in the market of audit services, the impact on competitiveness of pricing policy and regulatory requirements, relating to the acquisition of audit services by public sector entities through a public procurement system "ProZorro". An element of price regulation and compliance with the transparent conditions of the competitive environment is the participation of audit firms in the public procurement system. As a result of processing data on procurement of audit services for the period 2008-2019, the authors calculated key indicators that characterize the concentration of the audit market. Based on the data on the amount of remuneration for various types of audit services using the public procurement system "ProZorro", aspects of pricing policy and the role of the companies of the "Big Four" in the market were established. The values indexes indicate that the companies of the «Big 4» do not have a complete monopoly in the segment of procurement of audit services, having certain dominant positions in some years, and the indexes indicate a trend towards effective competition in the audit services market in Ukraine.