Academic literature on the topic 'Consumed area'
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Journal articles on the topic "Consumed area"
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Yıldız, Atila, and Asuman Arslan Duru. "Etlik Piliç Yetiştiriciliğinin Geliştirilmesi Açısından Tavuk Eti Tüketim Alışkanlıklarının İncelenmesi: Uşak İli Örneği." Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 7, no. 6 (June 25, 2019): 833. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v7i6.833-839.2180.
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This study is consisted of data obtained from the survey conducted with 400 consumers in Uşak province urban area. As a result of the analysis, the average amount of annual per capita chicken meat consumed was calculated as 13.64 kg. The average amount of consumption increases due to the increase in income level. 39.2% of the consumers (consume chicken meat once a week. However, nearly half of consumers (41.7%) consume chicken meat, this is one third in total meat consumption. This ratio is changing according to income groups. Consumers supply chicken meat from vendors, grocery stores and groceries. The main reason for consumption of chicken meat for consumers; low price, easy to find on the market and healthy. Nearly half (42.5%) of the consumers prefer whole chick. The percentage of those consumed in the chicken meat consumed by the consumers is very low. Factors that are effective on consumers preferences for chicken meat; the freshness of the product, the price, the type of packaging, the quality, the producer company, the advertisement of the product, the taste of the consumer and the date of manufacture of the product. According to consumer preference (but, baguette, chest, wings etc.) processed products can be prepared according to the grill or other purposes and presented to the consumer. As consumers are prepared to extra payment for organic (ecological) food products, the farmers can be guided by incentives to organic poultry breeding systems.
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Islam, Md Jakiul, Md Abu Sayeed, Shakil Akhtar, Md Sakhawat Hossain, and Afroza Akter Liza. "Consumers profile analysis towards chicken, beef, mutton, fish and egg consumption in Bangladesh." British Food Journal 120, no. 12 (December 3, 2018): 2818–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bfj-03-2018-0191.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to conduct consumer profile analysis for chicken, beef, mutton, fish and egg to better adapt the marketing mix for each type of food in Bangladesh. Design/methodology/approach This paper investigates the mean consumption frequency of chicken, beef, mutton, fish and egg, following 658 questionnaire survey results. The sociodemographic variables used in this study were: sex, age, gender, educational level, social class, number of family members in the home, the presence of minors less than 18 years in the home and geographical area. Frequency distribution, factor and cluster analysis were performed to understand the food consumption frequency and food-related lifestyle segment, respectively. The statistical significance for differences among the mean values of different foods was tested by Snedecor’s F-test. Findings Egg was the most frequently consumed; 77 per cent of respondents ate egg once daily. Chicken was the second most consumed (62 per cent), whereas fish was third (59 per cent). Mutton was in the fourth place of consumption frequency level. However, 24 per cent of respondents did not consume mutton. The same types of behaviour were observed for beef, which was the least consumed (7 per cent) once daily, 48 per cent once a week, whereas 13 per cent did not consume it. There was no specific consumer behaviour pattern for the sociodemographic variables and types of food studied here. Originality/value This research provides the status of consumer preferences towards chicken, beef, mutton, fish and egg consumption in Bangladesh.
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Ndagi, I. "AN ASSESSMENT OF TEA PROCESSING AND CONSUMPTION AMONG TEA FARMERS’ IN MAMBILLA, TARABA STATE, NIGERIA." Journal of Agripreneurship and Sustainable Development 6, no. 1 (April 3, 2023): 213–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.59331/jasd.v6i1.409.
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The study assessed tea processing and consumption among tea farmers’ in Mambilla, Taraba State, Nigeria. Simple random sampling was used to select 384 tea farmers in the study area. Data were collected from the respondents with the aid of a structured questionnaire. Simple descriptive statistics, Chi-square and Pearson Product Moment Correlation (PPMC) were the major analytical tools employed in analysing the data. The study revealed that majority of the respondents were male, married and within the age bracket of 31-50 years. The study also revealed that majority of the respondents (55.9%) consumed about 1.44 litres of tea per day and that majority of the respondents (91.4%) consumed the tea in the morning. Majority of the respondents (94.3%) consume home prepared tea and black tea was the most consumed tea by the respondents. Alcoholic drinks, cocoa, and coffee are alternative drinks to tea consumed in the study area. The study further revealed that sex and education influenced the quantity of tea consumed in the study area. It was therefore recommended that there should be intensive enlightenment on the health benefits associated with tea consumption.
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Saygı, Hülya, Bahar Bayhan, and Müge Aliye Hekimoğlu. "Türkiye’nin İzmir ve Ankara İllerinde Su Ürünleri Tüketimi." Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 3, no. 5 (January 25, 2015): 248. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v3i5.248-254.258.
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This study is one of Turkey at the sea coast in Izmir and Ankara in other inland fisheries are conducted to determine consumer preferences. 306 people in Izmir and 405 people in Ankara were directly interviewed and the orginal data for the research was gathered. Survey data were anlyzed with using SPSS and Microsoft Excel software packages. According to the survey data; it is determined that individuals consumed mostly white meat at the rate of 81%, and consumed white meat at the rate of 19%. At least 46% of these individuals consume fish once a week at a minimum. It is determined that 83% of the individuals in Ankara consumed white meat, 17% consumed red meat. It is found out that at least 30% of these indiviudals consumed fish once a week at a minimum. Aquaculture products are highly important for the nutrition due to its being animal protein resource. In spite of the fast growing population and big problems seen in balanced diets, aquaculture products are not efficiently benefited. As a result of our country to increase fish consumption habits and consumption of fishery products on human health in the short and long term benefits should be explained. To this end, local governments and other regional organizations and institutions of the people in the area where the handle will be of interest to fisheries and should be in promoting.
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Tutenocakli, Tulay. "PLANTS CONSUMED AS FOOD IN ETHNOBOTANICAL PERSPECTIVE: THE CASE STUDY OF YENICE-CANAKKALE-TURKIYE." CURRENT TRENDS IN NATURAL SCIENCES 12, no. 23 (July 31, 2023): 224–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.47068/ctns.2023.v12i23.025.
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In this study, the plants consumed as human food in the Yenice district of Canakkale, located in the Troy region, were evaluated in terms of ethnobotany. The plants that the local people living in the region consume as food and their usage patterns have been determined on a district basis. These plants are mostly collected from nature by people living in rural areas or used by purchasing them from the market established in the district center. While 64 taxa out of 112 taxa used for food purposes in the study area are grown naturally, 48 taxa are produced and consumed. In addition, 5 types of mushrooms, which are edible and sold in local markets, are also used as food. The leaves of 49 taxa, fruits of 43 taxa, stems of 26 taxa, flowers of 24 taxa, seeds of 10 taxa and roots of 5 taxa are consumed from plants used as food. These plants are consumed raw, cooked, seasoned, frozen, dried, pickled and canned.
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Victoria, Stere, Tarcea Monica, and Ruta Florina. "Assesing the Knowledge, Attitudes and Eating Habits of Dietary Fibers in Tîrgu-Mureş Population." Acta Medica Marisiensis 61, no. 2 (June 1, 2015): 128–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/amma-2015-0037.
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Abstract Background: The aim of the study was to assess the knowledge, attitudes and eating habits upon consumption of dietary fibers in a group of people from Tirgu-Mures area. Material and Method: We used a transversal descriptive study conducted on a group of 251 subjects from the urban area (76.4%), as well as from the rural area (23.6%), aged between 18 and 62 years, obtained using an online questionnaire consisting of 40 questions related to knowledge and attitude towards dietary fibers and estimated consumption of fiber from whole foods. Results: In the study group, we observed that 21.28% consumed whole cereals once per week and 18% did not consume cereals at all; regarding fruit consumption 17.44% consumed 6-8 pieces/week, and 3.4% consumed over 18 pieces/week. Frequency of fast food –meals consuming: 67.68% did not consume fast-food meals, 25.25% ate fast food once/week, and 1.1% consumed fast food between 8-10 times/week. Concerning the statement that fibers can prevent and/or treat colon cancer and obesity, 40% fully accepted the statement, 40% agreed, 14.29% were indifferent and 4.7% were against. From the total group of subjects, approximately 37.6% knew the meaning and classification of dietary fiber, 26.8% knew the recommended amount of fiber to be consumed daily, and 5.9% did not check the fiber content of foods ever. Conclusions: The inclusion of cereals and whole foods in diet is recommended in all nutrition guidelines worldwide, because of their association with a high health status, and prevention of chronic diseases. Consumers need to understand the benefits of whole foods, also to recognize and read the information about it on food labels.
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KITAMURA, SHUMPEI, TAKAKAZU YUMOTO, PILAI POONSWAD, PHITAYA CHUAILUA, and KAMOL PLONGMAI. "Characteristics of hornbill-dispersed fruits in a tropical seasonal forest in Thailand." Bird Conservation International 14, S1 (December 2004): S81—S88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959270905000250.
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Asian hornbills are primarily frugivorous. We studied the characteristics of fruits consumed by four sympatric hornbill species in Thailand: Great Hornbill (Buceros bicornis), Wreathed Hornbill (Aceros undulatus), Austin's Brown Hornbill (Anorrhinus austeni) and Oriental Pied Hornbill (Anthracoceros albirostris). We compared the frequency of distribution of 11 variables for all fruit species collected in the study area (n = 259) and fruit species consumed by hornbills (n = 73). Our analysis revealed that fruits consumed by hornbills are: (1) large, (2) easily accessible within the canopy, (3) red, purple or black and (4) dehiscent or indehiscent with a thin husk. The range of fruit sizes eaten by hornbills in our study is comparable to that reported from other sites in Southeast Asia and Africa. The large gape width of hornbills enables them to consume large fruits that small frugivores would find difficult to consume.
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Anyimah–Ackah, Ekpor, Isaac W. Ofosu, Herman Erick Lutterodt, and Godfred Darko. "Consumer Characteristics and Consumption Analytics of Frequently Consumed Food Categories in Mining Areas." Academic Journal of Life Sciences, no. 65 (May 25, 2020): 39–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.32861/ajls.65.39.52.
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The WHO/FAO have requested data on food consumption to better understand the increasing toxicological results of foodstuffs. The aim of this study was to determine the food consumption characteristics of the consumers living in small-scale mining areas. Commonly consumed food crops of each category: fruit, cereals, vegetables, legumes and root tubers were selected. In all, 308 consumers were sampled using a one-week dietary recall tool and a stratified sampling method of the consumers. The @Risk Microsoft add-in was used to analyze the data. The results show that the adolescents (10-17 years) consumed cowpea (233.90 g/day) and cassava (666.96g/day) at a relatively higher level compared to children (3-9 years) and adults (18-64 years). Likewise, adults consumed yam (136.65g/day), maize (1739.37g/day), rice (1272.40g/day), pineapple (184.97g/day) and watermelon (656.55g/day) at a relatively higher level compared to children and adolescents. On the contrary, whereas children generally consumed lower quantities of food, they presented higher exposure frequency to cowpea (364 days/year), root tubers (36-364 days/year) and grains (286-364 days/year) compared to adults and adolescents. Both adolescent and adult population subgroups presented higher exposure frequency to vegetables (364 days/year) relative to children (104-364 days/year). The findings further show that, in increasing order rice and maize are the most consumed crops. The adult population subgroup, in the study area may be vulnerable to contaminants in maize grains than other dishes categories due to the high mass consumed and high exposure duration. Children may be vulnerable to contaminants in maize grains because of the high exposure frequency.
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Sawahata, Takuo. "Hymenial area of agaric fruit bodies consumed by Collembola." Mycoscience 47, no. 2 (April 2006): 91–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10267-005-0272-6.
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Oguntoye, T. O., O. A. Fatoki, O. O. Adetola, O. V. Arowolo, and A. M. Tokede. "Households’ Consumption Pattern of Snail (Archachatina species) in Oluyole Local Government Area of Oyo State, Nigeria." Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management 24, no. 7 (August 9, 2020): 1267–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jasem.v24i7.20.
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The present study investigates household consumption pattern of snail meat in Oluyole Local Government Area of Oyo State. A multistage random sampling technique was used to administer the questionnaires to a total of 120 respondents. Data collected were analyzed using both descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. The socioeconomic factors analyzed showed that age group between 31 and 40 (45.0%) consumed snail more while age group between 51 and 60 (11.70%) consumed less snails. The majority of respondents were Married (60.8%) and possess secondary education (54.2%). Most of the respondents (95.8%) consume snail meat but most of them consume snail meat on a seasonal basis unlike beef and fish. Furthermore, fried form of snail meat is mostly (65%) preferred when compared to cooked form (24.2%). The regression analysis shows that the consumption of snail meat depended on the price, household size, educational level, household income, nutritive value, occupation and its availability. Problems associated with snail meat consumption in the study area include Price, income level, unavailability and cultural belief. Based on the findings, this study recommends that extension workers should engage the public on the need to get involved in the rearing of snails to make it readily available all year round and thus make it more affordable for all sundry.
Keywords: Snail meat, Consumption, Nutritive Values and Oluyole Local Government Area.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Consumed area"
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Sansanelli, Sabrina <1979>. "Biodiversity Study on Wild Food Plants Traditionally Consumed in the Area of Bologna (Emilia romagna Region, Italy) and in the Middle Agri Valley (Basilicata Region, Potenza Province, Italy)." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2016. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/7477/1/sansanelli_sabrina_tesi.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of this project was to record the Traditional Local Knowledge (TLK) concerning the traditional uses of wild food plants together with all the practices linked as gathering, processing, cooking, including the therapeutic uses, to re-discover plant species often under-utilized or neglected and to identify those with new or underestimated healthy effects for human people.
This research was performed in two areas belonging to the province of the city of Bologna (Emilia-Romagna region, Northern Italy) and in the Middle Agri Valley (Potenza province, Basilicata region, Southern Italy).
Up to now no research has been carried out on the use of wild edibles in these territories and, therefore, this study represents the first attempt to collect and save from oblivion an important part of the cultural heritage preserved by these populations.
Using an ethnobotanical approach, people still retaining TLK about wild food plants were interviewed recording the edible species and related practices used.
By means of the Relative Frequency of Citation index (RFC), it was possible to state that Crepis vesicaria subsp. taraxacifolia (Thuill) Thell and Cichorium intybus L. were the most recognised and important wild food species respectively in the area of Bologna and in the Middle Agri Valley.
The results of the two investigated areas were compared.
The ethnobotanical study was followed by a metabolic screening of 34 plants samples mentioned by the informants (13 collected in Bologna’s area and 21 in Middle Agri Valley).
Sanguisorba minor Scop. showed the highest antioxidant activity and polyphenol content; Mentha spicata L. exhibited the highest flavonoid content; Sinapis arvensis L. revealed the highest content of chlorophylls and carotenoids and Clematis vitalba L. the highest protein content.
Finally, the most considerable and cited species in the area of Bologna, Crepis vesicaria subsp. taraxacifolia (Thuill) Thell, was analysed by an untargeted metabolomics approach.
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Sansanelli, Sabrina <1979>. "Biodiversity Study on Wild Food Plants Traditionally Consumed in the Area of Bologna (Emilia romagna Region, Italy) and in the Middle Agri Valley (Basilicata Region, Potenza Province, Italy)." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2016. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/7477/.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of this project was to record the Traditional Local Knowledge (TLK) concerning the traditional uses of wild food plants together with all the practices linked as gathering, processing, cooking, including the therapeutic uses, to re-discover plant species often under-utilized or neglected and to identify those with new or underestimated healthy effects for human people.
This research was performed in two areas belonging to the province of the city of Bologna (Emilia-Romagna region, Northern Italy) and in the Middle Agri Valley (Potenza province, Basilicata region, Southern Italy).
Up to now no research has been carried out on the use of wild edibles in these territories and, therefore, this study represents the first attempt to collect and save from oblivion an important part of the cultural heritage preserved by these populations.
Using an ethnobotanical approach, people still retaining TLK about wild food plants were interviewed recording the edible species and related practices used.
By means of the Relative Frequency of Citation index (RFC), it was possible to state that Crepis vesicaria subsp. taraxacifolia (Thuill) Thell and Cichorium intybus L. were the most recognised and important wild food species respectively in the area of Bologna and in the Middle Agri Valley.
The results of the two investigated areas were compared.
The ethnobotanical study was followed by a metabolic screening of 34 plants samples mentioned by the informants (13 collected in Bologna’s area and 21 in Middle Agri Valley).
Sanguisorba minor Scop. showed the highest antioxidant activity and polyphenol content; Mentha spicata L. exhibited the highest flavonoid content; Sinapis arvensis L. revealed the highest content of chlorophylls and carotenoids and Clematis vitalba L. the highest protein content.
Finally, the most considerable and cited species in the area of Bologna, Crepis vesicaria subsp. taraxacifolia (Thuill) Thell, was analysed by an untargeted metabolomics approach.
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Cardillo, Elena. "A Lexi-ontological Resource for Consumer Healthcare: The Italian Consumer Medical Vocabulary." Doctoral thesis, University of Trento, 2011. http://eprints-phd.biblio.unitn.it/570/1/PhD-Thesis-Elena-Cardillo.pdf.
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In the era of Consumer Health Informatics, healthcare consumers and patients play an active role because they increasingly explore health related information sources on their own, and they become more responsible for their personal healthcare, trying to find information on the web, consulting decision-support healthcare systems, trying to interpret clinical notes or test results provided by their physician, or filling in parts of their own Personal Health Record (PHR).
In spite of the advances in Healthcare Informatics for answering consumer needs, it is still difficult for laypersons who do not have a good level of healthcare literacy to find, understand, and act on health information, due to the communication gap which still persists between consumer and professional language (in terms of lexicon, semantics, and explanation). Significant
effort has been devoted to promote access to and the integration of medical information, and many standard terminologies have been developed for this aim, some of which have been formalized into ontologies.
Many of these terminological resources are used in healthcare information systems, but one of the most important problems is that these types of terminologies have been developed according to the physicians’perspective, and thus cannot provide sufficient support when integrated into consumer-oriented applications, such as Electronic Health Records, Personal Health Records, etc. This highlights the need for intermediate consumer-understandable terminologies or ontologies being integrated with more technical ones in order to support communication between patient-applications and those designed for experts. The aim of this thesis is to develop a lexical-ontological resource for consumer-oriented healthcare applications which is based on the construction of a Consumer-oriented Medical Vocabulary for Italian, able to reflect the different ways consumers and patients express and think about health topics, helping to bridge the vocabulary gap, integrated with standard medical terminologies/ontologies used by professionals in the general practice for representing the process of care, by means of Semantic Web technologies, in order to have a coherent semantic medical resource useful both for professionals and for consumers.
The feasibility of this consumer-oriented resource and of the Integration Framework has been tested by its application to an Italian Personal Health Record in order to help consumers and patients in the process of querying healthcare information, and easily describe their problems, complaints and clinical history.
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Weyant, Emily, Nakia J. Woodward, Rachel R. Walden, Rick L. Wallace, and Kelly R. Loyd. "Promoting Consumer Health Materials at Remote Area Medical Clinics." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2019. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/8823.
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Bradbury, Richard James. "Architectures for the control of home area networks." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1998. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/273071.
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Wallace, Rick L., Nakia J. Woodward, and Judy Willett. "Partnering with an Area Hospital to Provide Senior Consumer Health Information." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2011. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/8680.
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The purpose of this project was to provide better consumer health information and services to a patient population of a hospital-based nursing home. Nintendo Wii® devices were purchased to improve physical activity of patients in the nursing home. All nurses were trained to use MedlinePlus®. MedlinePlus materials were added to the consumer health library in the hospital, and DVD players were purchased for watching consumer health videos. The capacity of the nursing home and hospital to deliver consumer health information to patients and their families has been improved. This project was a great way to introduce a health care system to the services and products of the National Library of Medicine and empower the staff to better provide consumer health information.
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Wallace, Rick L., and Nakia J. Woodward. "Partnering with an Area Hospital to Provide Senior Consumer Health Information." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2012. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/8728.
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Willett, Judy, Nakia J. Cook, and Rick L. Wallace. "Partnering with an Area Hospital to Provide Senior Consumer Health Information." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2011. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/8731.
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Objective: The purpose of this project is to provide better consumer health information and services to a patient population of a hospital-based nursing home.
Methods: A hospital partnered with an academic medical library and obtained National Network of Libraries of Medicine funding. Wii devices with television monitors were purchased to improve physical activity in the nursing home. All nurses were trained to use MedlinePlus, and computers were made available for their use to search MedlinePlus in the nursing home. MedlinePlus materials were added to the consumer health library in the hospital, and DVD players were purchased to use for watching consumer health videos.
Results: The capacity of the nursing home and hospital to deliver consumer health information to patients and their families has been improved.
Conclusions: A small project like this is a great way to introduce a health care system to the services and products of the National Library of Medicine and empower the staff to better provide consumer health information.
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Cardillo, Elena. "A Lexi-ontological Resource for Consumer Healthcare: The Italian Consumer Medical Vocabulary." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trento, 2011. https://hdl.handle.net/11572/369151.
Full textAbstract:
In the era of Consumer Health Informatics, healthcare consumers and patients play an active role because they increasingly explore health related information sources on their own, and they become more responsible for their personal healthcare, trying to find information on the web, consulting decision-support healthcare systems, trying to interpret clinical notes or test results provided by their physician, or filling in parts of their own Personal Health Record (PHR).
In spite of the advances in Healthcare Informatics for answering consumer needs, it is still difficult for laypersons who do not have a good level of healthcare literacy to find, understand, and act on health information, due to the communication gap which still persists between consumer and professional language (in terms of lexicon, semantics, and explanation). Significant
effort has been devoted to promote access to and the integration of medical information, and many standard terminologies have been developed for this aim, some of which have been formalized into ontologies.
Many of these terminological resources are used in healthcare information systems, but one of the most important problems is that these types of terminologies have been developed according to the physicians’perspective, and thus cannot provide sufficient support when integrated into consumer-oriented applications, such as Electronic Health Records, Personal Health Records, etc. This highlights the need for intermediate consumer-understandable terminologies or ontologies being integrated with more technical ones in order to support communication between patient-applications and those designed for experts. The aim of this thesis is to develop a lexical-ontological resource for consumer-oriented healthcare applications which is based on the construction of a Consumer-oriented Medical Vocabulary for Italian, able to reflect the different ways consumers and patients express and think about health topics, helping to bridge the vocabulary gap, integrated with standard medical terminologies/ontologies used by professionals in the general practice for representing the process of care, by means of Semantic Web technologies, in order to have a coherent semantic medical resource useful both for professionals and for consumers.
The feasibility of this consumer-oriented resource and of the Integration Framework has been tested by its application to an Italian Personal Health Record in order to help consumers and patients in the process of querying healthcare information, and easily describe their problems, complaints and clinical history.
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Uncles, M. D. "Models of consumer shopping behaviour in urban areas." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/1983/653c145a-2ac7-49a9-bd65-3bd88de90217.
Full textBooks on the topic "Consumed area"
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Remick, Sue. Bay Area Consumers' Guide to Bay Area restaurants. Washington, DC: Center for the Study of Services, 1993.
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Zhonghua min guo dui wai mao yi fa zhan xie hui. and Find/SVP (Firm), eds. Consumer products distribution in mainland China--southeast coastal area. New York: Find/SVP Pub., 1996.
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Buliung, Ron. Places to grow and places to shop: Power retail, consumer travel behaviour, and urban growth management in the Greater Toronto Area. Toronto: Neptis foundation, 2009.
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Buliung, Ron. Places to grow and places to shop: Power retail, consumer travel behaviour, and urban growth management in the Greater Toronto Area. Toronto: Neptis foundation, 2009.
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Buliung, Ron. Places to grow and places to shop: Power retail, consumer travel behaviour, and urban growth management in the Greater Toronto Area. Toronto: Neptis foundation, 2009.
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Naumov, Vladimir. Consumer behavior. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1014653.
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The book describes the basic issues concerning consumer behavior on the basis of the simulation of the decision-making process on buying behavior of customers in the sales area of the store and shopping Internet sites.
The classification of models of consumer behavior, based on research in the area of economic, social and psychological theories and empirical evidence regarding decision-making by consumers when purchasing the goods, including online stores. Methods of qualitative and quantitative research of consumer behavior, fundamentals of statistical processing of empirical data.
Attention is paid to the processes of consumers ' perception of brands (brands) and advertising messages, the basic rules for the display of goods (merchandising) and its impact on consumer decision, recommendations on the use of psychology of consumer behavior in personal sales.
Presents an integrated model of consumer behavior in the Internet environment, the process of perception of the visitor of the company, the factors influencing consumer choice of goods online.
Is intended for preparation of bachelors in directions of preparation 38.03.02 "Management", 38.03.06 "trading business" and can be used for training of bachelors in direction of training 43.03.01 "Service", and will also be useful for professionals working in the field of marketing, distribution and sales.
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Unit for Retail Planning Information., ed. Consumer retail expenditure estimates for small areas. Reading: Unit for Retail Planning Information, 1985.
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Trombly, Jeffrey. Consumer acceptance study: SWIFT, Seattle Wide-area Information For Travelers. McLean, Va: Science Applications International Corporation, 1998.
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Council, National Consumer, ed. What's wrong with walking?: A consumer review of the pedestrian environment. London: HMSO, 1987.
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Fischer, Wolfgang Chr, and Rob Lawson. Consumer affairs in remote areas (Queensland/Australia, Rural New Zealand). Dunedin, New Zealand: Dept. of Marketing, University of Otag, 1999.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Consumed area"
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Giray, B., and F. Hincal. "Iodine Content of Water and Selenium Level in Corn and Wheat Consumed in An Endemic Goiter Area." In Trace Elements in Man and Animals 10, 471–72. New York, NY: Springer US, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/0-306-47466-2_148.
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Tombolini, Ilaria, Jesús Rodrigo-Comino, and Luca Salvati. "What Type of Soil Was Consumed in the Metropolis of the Mediterranean Area? Land Quality and the Forms of Urbanization." In Springer Geography, 105–30. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-94732-3_4.
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Lewis, Natasha, and Jessica Vredenburg. "Contemporary Consumption of Brand Activism." In The Future of Consumption, 263–80. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-33246-3_17.
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AbstractWhen it is well-executed, evidence suggests that brand activism can create beneficial outcomes for a brand: However, effects on both the cause and the consumer are less understood. Thus, this chapter aims to better understand how consumers interpret, evaluate, and act on brand activism efforts. Through a consumer-focused lens, we seek to uncover how brand activism initiatives can best be communicated in order to encourage positive consumer sentiment in those who consume them. Focus groups were used to understand consumer interpretations of, responses to, and expectations regarding brand activism in the context of the Black Lives Matter Movement. Our findings revealed a shift in consumer expectations, with consumers looking for authentic internal commitment to support any external messaging, in order for it to be positively received. This shift in consumer expectations highlights the change in brand activism practice over the past few years: It is no longer acceptable to merely advocate for a position or raise awareness. This chapter contributes to foundational research laying the groundwork for future consumer research focusing on understanding the consumption of brand activism.
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Michaelis, Anne, and Martin Weibelzahl. "The Power of Consumers: On the Interplay Between Consumer-Centric Markets and Energy Justice." In Just Transitions, 201–7. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-46282-5_27.
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AbstractAs electricity systems undergo a profound transformation characterized by decentralization and the emergence of millions of new electricity consumers, including electric vehicles and heat pumps, the complexity of modern electricity markets is on the rise. This development presents a unique opportunity for consumers to actively participate in electricity markets. To avoid divergent developments, it is essential to comprehensively consider the interplay between electricity market design and energy justice. This chapter identifies main barriers to consumer-centric electricity markets and outlines a modern cycle of energy justice and consumer-centric electricity markets. Consumer-centric electricity markets, which put consumers at the heart, can be a catalyst for energy justice. Conversely, energy justice and its various forms can help design and successfully implement consumer-centric electricity markets aligned with a low-carbon economy and society. Policymakers must address both policy areas cohesively to avoid the emergence of electricity markets that fail to harness justice potentials. Consumer-centric electricity markets have the potential to drive transformative change, making it imperative to empower consumers in this evolving landscape. Now is the time to give power to consumers.
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Knees, Peter. "Scaling Up Broken Systems? Considerations from the Area of Music Streaming." In Perspectives on Digital Humanism, 165–71. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-86144-5_23.
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AbstractWe discuss the effects and characteristics of disruptive business models driven by technology, exemplified by the developments in music distribution and consumption over the last 20 years. Starting from a historical perspective, we offer insights into the current situation in music streaming, where technology has not only changed the way we access music but also has important implications on the broader ecosystem, which includes the consumers, the authors, the record industry, and the platforms themselves. The discussion points to potential benefits, as well as to the risks involved in the currently deployed systems. We conclude that the increased profitability of the disruptive business models in the music domain and beyond is largely generated at the expense of the providers of the goods or services being brokered. Using the platforms as a consumer further subsidizes their value and might lead to mono- and oligopolies. While technology allows companies to effectively scale up business, the resulting systems more often amplify existing injustices than mitigate them.
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Larsson, Stefan, and Kashyap Haresamudram. "Consumer Trust and Platformised Retail Personalisation." In The Future of Consumption, 77–94. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-33246-3_5.
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AbstractAs retail is becoming increasingly digitised in its operation and consumer relationships, much faith is being put into automation, prediction, and insights drawn from consumer data to shape consumer experiences and expectations. Under the umbrella of data collection and artificial intelligence (AI), this chapter studies the role of consumer trust in retail personalisation. We draw empirical insights from focus-group interviews conducted with Swedish consumers regarding three main aspects: (1) consumer sentiment on data collection; (2) data-dependent retail personalisation; and (3) the digitised market logic that follows from platformisation. Firstly, the results indicate that the level of trust that consumers have in general for data collection is of relevance to how successful retailers’ use of recommendations systems and targeted ads will be. Secondly, and echoing earlier studies, user agreements and privacy notices are something that most interviewees find hard to comprehend and pay attention to. Thirdly, data collection, automation, and personalisation are often third-party dependent and platformised. To consumers, this adds to a lack of transparency and a sense of losing control of their data, which should be taken as a call to action as regards retailers being more attentive to consumer trust and avoiding third-party sharing to the extent it is possible.
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Fallon, Marc, and Stéphanie Francq. "Towards Internationally Mandatory Directives for Consumer Contracts?" In Private Law in the International Arena, 155–78. The Hague: T.M.C. Asser Press, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-6704-575-9_10.
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Trisatya, Achmad Afriadi, and Yeni Absah. "The Effect of Consumer Ethnocentrism on Purchase Intention of Indonesian Local Fashion Brands." In Proceedings of the 19th International Symposium on Management (INSYMA 2022), 887–95. Dordrecht: Atlantis Press International BV, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/978-94-6463-008-4_111.
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AbstractThere is a decline and lack of consumer interest in buying local Indonesian fashion products; however, many potential fashion brands are emerging and growing in Indonesia. A strategy is needed to increase local brand awareness among consumers in Indonesia, especially consumer ethnocentrism. It is known that the more ethnocentric a group of consumers is, the more important it is to them where the product comes from, and the impact is the more active they are in seeking information about the product. Ethnocentric consumers also create a value that can influence others; the value is considered important to explain that their products are much better than other people’s products. This study is a quantitative descriptive study that aims to determine the relationship between research variables, namely consumer ethnocentricity, brand value, and intention to buy local products. This study used a sampling technique that is purposive sampling. The data analysis technique used was the PLS-SEM test. The empirical results from PLS-SEM show that the effect of consumer ethnocentrism on brand value proved to have a positive and significant effect. Second, the effect of consumer ethnocentrism on purchase intention proved to have a positive and significant effect. Third, the effect of brand value on purchase intention proved to have a positive and significant effect.
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Smith, Nigel J. H. "Islands in the Sun." In A Natural History of Plants, Animals, and People, 111–38. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195122077.003.0005.
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Abstract It is ironic that one of the most fertile areas in the Amazon for crop production is largely unutilized for that purpose. The area of the Amazon floodplain in crops is a fraction of that devoted to pasture for cattle and water buffalo. The growing cities in the Amazon are being fed largely from farms in other parts of Brazil and abroad. Rice, an important staple consumed in Amazonia, is produced mostly in upland fields of central Brazil. And although bread is a significant source of protein for city folk in Amazonia (partly as a result of government subsidies), much of the bread consumed in the Amazon does not benefit wheat growers southern Brazil; instead, much of the wheat consumed in the country is imported.
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Enser*, John. "Legal Developments In Multimeadia." In The Year Book Of Media And Entertainment Law 1997/98, 463–71. Oxford University PressOxford, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198265979.003.0019.
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Abstract Multimedia remains somewhat of a Cinderella discipline in terms of the depth of binding legislative and judicial authority to which those aspiring to practise in this area of law might turn. In contrast, the bandwidth consumed by those voicing purportedly authoritative opinions on undecided aspects of the law continues to grow apace. The intent of this review is to identify the developments over the year just past in the former field-actual legislative developments, cases and legislative proposals dealing with matters which affect those working in the multimedia disciplines, and court decisions impacting upon that area, without straying too far into the area of speculative projection.
Conference papers on the topic "Consumed area"
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Sitanggang, Hendra Dhermawan, and Ummi Kalsum. "The Pattern of Snack And Beverage Concumption for Suku Anak Dalam (Sad) Children in The Trans Social Area of Nyogan Village, Muaro Jambi, Jambi Province." In The 7th International Conference on Public Health 2020. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.02.21.
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Background: Consumption of street food in school has an impact on children’s health, especially their nutritional status. Children in the Anak Dalam Tribe (SAD) are mostly malnourished and short. The remote indigenous community (Suku Anak Dalam) in Nyogan Village has undergone a social transition for 15 years since being granted permanent settlement by the Government. Many changes have occurred as well as consumption patterns. This study aims to determine the pattern of consumption of street food and beverages in schools for SAD children in Nyogan Village. Subjects and Method: This was a qualitative study with a phenomenological design conducted in Nyogan Village, Muaro Jambi Regency. Several information was selected for this study included: children, parents, community leaders or traditional leaders, school principals, teachers, neighbourhood leader, village heads, village midwives and public health center officer. The inclusion criteria were consumption pattern of food and drink snacks for SAD children at school. The data were collected by in-depth interview and analyzed using Miles and Hubberman’s model. Results: Children with SAD who go to elementary school in trans social areas in Nyogan Village like food and drink snacks. The most commonly consumed snack foods are sausages, sticky and grilled meatballs, thousand fried rice, candy, rice cake. At the same time, the most widely consumed snack drinks are present ice, juice jacket, glass tea, okky jelly drink, and ice cream. The reason is that only these types of food and beverages are available and cheap. SAD children in Nyogan Village rarely eat local snacks, such as fried sweet potatoes, that used to be consumed. There are concerns regarding the safety of snack foods and drinks suspected of having “chemical content” that is harmful to children health in these snacks. The cleanliness of the place of snacks and personal hygiene of food handlers are factors related to food and beverage snacks’ health. The Health Officer or public health center never conducts counseling on snack foods’ safety and is not regularly supervised. Conclusion: The consumption pattern of food and drink snacks for children with SAD in trans-social areas has changed. They consume snacks that are sold around the school. However, these foods and drinks are not guaranteed safety. Education and supervision are needed for food vendors or handlers in schools so that SAD children improve their health. Keywords: Consumption patterns, school snacks, children’s health, Suku Anak Dalam, qualitative Correspondence: Hendra Dhermawan Sitanggang. Program Studi Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat, Universitas Jambi. Jalan Tri Brata, Km 11 Kampus Unja Pondok Meja Mestong, Kab. Muaro Jambi. Email: hendrasitanggang@unja.ac.id. Mobile: 081361918000. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.02.21
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Dimova, Nadejda. "The Specific Interrelation between Motivation, Emotions and Sustainable Consumer Behaviour." In 8th International Scientific Conference ERAZ - Knowledge Based Sustainable Development. Association of Economists and Managers of the Balkans, Belgrade, Serbia, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31410/eraz.2022.163.
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The changes brought about by COVID-19 and digitalisation do not eradicate the genuine problems associated with sustainable consumer behaviour and achieving sustainable development in general. Consumer motivation and emotions are closely intertwined with achieving sustainable consumer behaviour. The research interest was sparked by the interrelation between motivation, emotions and sustainable consumer behaviour. It is specific and determines the extent to which consumers want and are motivated to consume sustainably and in parallel with what emotions they experience in the overall consumer decision-making process and their consumer journey. The research methodology includes presenting the relationship between the individual elements in the purchase, presenting different types of motivation that affect sustainable consumer behaviour, clarifying the different types of emotions in sustainable consumer behaviour and focusing on happiness as a leading emotion to achieve sustainable consumption. It is to the benefit of the readers to recognise the importance of the interrelation between emotions, motivation and sustainable consumer behaviour and build perfect strategies based on it.
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Llagostera, Jorge. "Power Generation Possibilities in the State of São Paulo, Brazil." In ASME 1998 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exhibition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/98-gt-447.
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São Paulo is the Brazilian state with the largest economic production, the largest population and the largest industrial park of the country, with a participation in GDP of 36.6% (population: 34 million; area: 248,600 km2; urbane population: 92,8%; illiteracy: 10%; infantile mortality: 26.2/1000). Great part of the industry from São Paulo concentrates in the metropolitan area of São Paulo. Nevertheless, in the interior several cities are becoming important in many industrial sectors. After 1930 São Paulo became the vanguard of the Brazilian modernization. Concurrently with the agricultural expansion the state had an extraordinary industrial development. Channeling the great flows of investments of the American and European multinationals and the great internal migratory currents, São Paulo increased its population vastly, it diversified its social structure and it consolidated its economic power. However, the poverty of a great part of its population is a severe social problem. The State of São Paulo, in 1995, consumed 82.9 TWh of electricity, with the consumption of the industrial sector of 39.6 TWh. In that same year Brazil consumed a total of 249.9 TWh, and of this total value, 118.0 TWh was consumed by the industrial sector. By analyzing the evolution tendencies of energy consumption in São Paulo in the last years, it is possible to identify important aspects of the energetic development of this State, particularly in relation to the perspectives of natural gas utilization in gas turbines for power generation.
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Lin, Sean, Bahaa Albarhami, Salvador Mayoral, and Joseph Piacenza. "Understanding the Importance of Capturing Climate and Occupancy Trends During Concept-Stage Sustainable Building Design." In ASME 2018 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2018-85329.
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This paper presents a comparison of concept stage computational model predictions to capture how building energy consumption is affected by different climate zones. The California State University, Fullerton (CSUF) Student Housing Phase III, which received a Platinum Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) certification for the Building Design and Construction category, and its performance in a LEED California Nonresidential Title 24 (NRT24) and ASHRAE 90.1 climate zones is used as a case study to illustrate the method. Through LEED approved simulation software, the standard compliant energy simulation models are compared to the occupancy scheduled models along with the actual energy consumption in different climate zones. The results provide insight to how variables within student dormitory life affect total building energy usage. Total amount of energy consumed per area is one new factor providing understanding into occupancy trends. This new data set reveals more understanding regarding how and where the energy is consumed to maintain a comfortable learning environment.
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Abibu, Wasiu Ayodele, Gafar Babatunde Bamigbade, AbdulWasiu Sakariyau, Amos Oyebisi Kolawole, Abdullahi Ibrahim Janay, Aqib Javed, and Oluwaseun Isaac Oyelami. "Organoleptic and Medicinal Properties of Camel Urine and Camel Milk." In 6th International Students Science Congress. Izmir International Guest Student Association, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.52460/issc.2022.028.
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Camel milk and urine consumption is an age-long tradition amongst the Arabs for 14 centuries. Camel urine and milk consumers had attested to its miraculous healing properties most especially against terminal illnesses. Although, camel urine and milk consumption is challenged by non-acceptance by World Health Organization and other related health authorities; some individuals still find healing in its consumption. This study takes a look at consumers’ perception of camel urine and milk consumption and its related medical significance. Four countries (Nigeria, Somalia, Turkey and Pakistan) were the research areas used in the survey. The research involved 1000 respondents. From the survey, participants from Nigeria were more than half (62%) of the total participants. More than 80% of the participants believed in the healing power of traditional medicine. Camel milk and camel urine were consumed for health-related issues by 48.4% and 40.1% of participants respectively. More than half (57.5% and 70.4%) of the participants claimed that consumption of camel milk and camel urine is not authorized in their respective countries. The study showed that camel urine and milk consumption is evident in our survey area. We, therefore, implore health regulatory authorities in these countries to fund camel research.
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Wang, Feng, Linyi Gu, Bo Zhou, and Ying Chen. "Trajectory Generation for the Leg of the Six-Legged Underwater Robot Over Obstacle in the Structured Terrain." In ASME 2007 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2007-41679.
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As safe and effective underwater vehicle, underwater robot is considered to be an ideal tool for the investigation and exploitation in the large offshore area. There has been a growing interest to develop six-legged underwater walking robot for the researchers since the six-legged locomotion is more flexible and adaptable on the seafloor than other types of locomotion. The trajectory for the leg of the six-legged walking robot has a great influence on the locomotion quality and efficiency when the robot is a heavy one. The power consumed in the locomotion with different leg trajectories differs from each other greatly. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the trajectory of the leg. Of all the locomotion of the walking robot, crossing over obstacle is a typical one. Thus this paper mainly studies the trajectory generation for the leg of the six-legged walking robot over obstacle in the structured terrain. The robot has eighteen DOF and all the joints are hydraulically driven. In the current study, technical analysis is performed with the emphasis on the power consumption while crossing over obstacle. The analysis is conducted at various trajectories so as to compare the power consumed in different trajectories. Meanwhile, the study has also taken the smooth movement of the joint into consideration. The trajectory of the leg is theoretically analyzed and simulated. The kinematic simulation and the power consumed with different trajectories are both conducted in MATLAB. Simulation results have demonstrated the influence of trajectory on the power consumption of the robot while crossing over obstacle. The study has provided a theoretical way for the trajectory generation over obstacle for the six-legged walking robot.
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Maria Peixoto Chrispim, Zélia, Kariny Alves de Sousa Santos, Thaíss do Rosário das Chagas, Tatiana Salema Marques Portella, and Frank de Souza Pavan. "Evaluation of potability of water consumed by residents of the Lagoa de Cima region." In 7th International Congress on Scientific Knowledge. Exatas & Engenharias, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.25242/885x331120212343.
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The research is directed towards the study of water quality, specifically, of the residents who live in the Environmental Protection Area (EPA) of Lagoa de Cima, in Campos dos Goytacazes – RJ. Water is a primordial resource for the survival of all living beings, but when it comes to human beings, some care is needed in relation to its potability. Unfortunately, not everyone has access to portable water or even adequate treatment for it, which can lead to health problems in the future. This work aimed to evaluate the quality of water that is consumed by residents living in the urban center of São Benedito, which is located in Lagoa de Cima. Regarding the methodology, the following procedures were carried out: collection of bibliographic and documentary data, such as: ordinance, theses, articles, pre-existing “shapefiles” from Lagoa de Cima and the municipality of Campos dos Goytacazes; systematic review; collection of water samples from shallow wells for physicochemical and bacteriological analyses, map generation with spatialized water samples and elaboration of tables. According to the results obtained from the bacteriological analyses, the presence of total coliforms and thermotolerant coliforms was found in some samples. Among the physicochemical parameters analyzed, pH, Fe and Mn are in disagreement with the consolidation ordinance of Nº. 5/2017. Thus, it can be concluded that it is necessary that the public authorities provide assistance to the local population in relation to water quality
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Mfono, Zitandile Hlombekazi. "Indigenous Vegetable Knowledge and Intake among Hypertensive Adults at a Clinic in a Township in Gqeberha, South Africa." In 3rd International Nutrition and Dietetics Scientific Conference. KENYA NUTRITIONISTS AND DIETICIANS INSTITUTE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.57039/jnd-conf-abt-2023-i.d.e.f.s.p-20.
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Background: The consumption of indigenous vegetables among adults living in peri-urban South African areas have declined considerably mainly due to nutrition transition and the loss of indigenous knowledge. Elderly African women are the main holders of indigenous vegetable knowledge. African women living in peri-urban areas have been reported as consuming inadequate vegetable intake and are at a high risk for non-communicable diseases (NCD) such as hypertension. African leafy vegetables may significantly contribute to meet the dietary guidelines recommendations for adequate vegetable intake which are targeted to address NCDs. Objective: The aim of the study was to determine the knowledge and consumption of indigenous vegetables among adults with hypertension at a peri-urban healthcare facility. Methods: The study was a cross-sectional study at a healthcare facility in a township (peri-urban area) in Gqeberha, Eastern Cape, South Africa. Two hundred and thirty participants were conveniently sampled from May-November 2021. Data was collected using an interviewer administered structured questionnaire. Results: The median age of the participants was 56 years, 74.3 % (n=171) was females and all participants were of African ethnicity. Only 46.1 % of participants knew what type of plants indigenous vegetables were, most participants said that they thought that it was spinach (Swiss chard). Over half of the participants (56.5 %) responded that they had access to indigenous vegetables in their area, while a third (36.5 %) did not have access to them. The majority (53.5 %) of the participants had not consumed indigenous vegetables in the past month. The main reason for not consuming indigenous vegetables reported was lack of availability (33 %) and lack of knowledge about them (18.3 %). Most participants agreed that indigenous vegetables were healthy (94.8 %) and were a source of nutrients (92.2 %). The most identified available indigenous vegetable plant leaves consumed were Dwarf nettle (52.3 %), Tulbaghia (40%), Black night shade (31.5 %), Amaranth (33.8 %), pumpkin leaves (24.6 %) and Black jack (17.7 %). Conclusion: Despite most participants being older African women, many of the participants had not consumed indigenous vegetables in the past month and most had no ready access to them. Keywords: African, indigenous vegetables, hypertension, vegetables, dietary guidelines
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Fard, Soheil Mohagehghi, and Amir Khajepour. "Concurrent Estimation of a Vehicle’s Mass and Auxiliary Power." In ASME 2014 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2014-38156.
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The goal of this paper is to estimate the mass and auxiliary power of a vehicle simultaneously. Auxiliary power is the portion of the load power that is consumed by any auxiliary devices such as A/C compressor which is connected to the engine directly. This estimation has many potential applications especially in power management control systems of hybrid and plug-in-hybrid vehicles to improve their efficiency. The parameter estimation algorithm is based on power balance of the vehicle. That is, total generated power by the engine should be equal to the power required for moving the vehicle plus the power consumed by the auxiliary devices. After developing the system model, Kalman filter is applied for the estimation of the auxiliary power and vehicle mass. The proposed estimation algorithm uses the signals available through the vehicle control area network (CAN), and no extra sensor is required. It is assumed that the road grade is provided by a Global Positioning System (GPS) installed in the car. Simulations are presented to show the performance of the estimation algorithm in both city and highway driving cycles. The estimated and actual results are in very good agreement.
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Walker, Andy, Jim Christensen, Greg Barker, and Lyle Rawlings. "Short-Term Measurement of a Photovoltaic/Fuel Cell Remote Hybrid Power System at Golden Gate National Recreation Area." In ASME Solar 2002: International Solar Energy Conference. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sed2002-1056.
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This paper reports short-term performance measurement of a hybrid photovoltaic/fuel cell power supply system at Kirby Cove Campground in Golden Gate National Recreation Area, California. The system operated reliably for two years from June 1999 to July 2001. During this period, the campground host load was met with a combination of solar power and power from the fuel cell. In August of 2001, reports of power outages justified an in-depth investigation. Data is reported over 13.5 days from September 2 to September 15, 2001. Over this period, energy delivered by the photovoltaic array totaled 42.82 kWh. Energy delivered by the fuel cell totaled 1.34 kWh, and net (out-in) energy from the battery totaled 6.82 kWh. After losses in the battery and inverter, energy delivered to the campground host totaled 34.94 kWh, an average of 2.6 kWh/day. Photovoltaic efficiency was measured at 8.9%. Fuel cell efficiency was measured at 42%, which is a typical value, but fuel cell power output was only 35 W instead of the 250 W rated power. Replacing a burnt fuse restored fuel cell power to 125 W, but several cells measured low voltage, and the fuel cell was removed for repair or replacement. Ordinarily, load in excess of the PV capability would be met by the fuel cell, and 22 cylinders of H2 (261 scf, 7,386 sl each) were consumed from April to August 2001. After failure of the fuel cell, load in excess of the solar capability resulted in discharged batteries and eight power outages totaling 48 hours in duration. Thus, overall system availability was 85% when relying only on solar power. This paper describes daily system operation in detail, presents component performance indicators, identifies causes of performance degradation, and provides recommendations for improvement.
Reports on the topic "Consumed area"
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Herrera, Cristian. What are the impacts of consumer involvement in developing healthcare policy, research and patient information material? SUPPORT, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.30846/170106.
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The importance of consumer involvement in healthcare is widely recognised. Through consultations to elicit views or through collaborative processes, consumers may be involved in developing healthcare policy and research, clinical practice guidelines and patient information material. Consultations can be single or repeated events, and their scale can be large or small. They can involve debate amongst individuals or groups of consumers; and groups can be convened especially for the consultation process or be established by consumer organisations themselves. Consultations can also be organised in different forums and different types of media can be used.
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PANUSHKINA, A., and E. SHEVCHENKO. RESEARCH OF CONSUMER BEHAVIOR OF PRODUCTS (WORKS, SERVICES) ON THE MARKET. Science and Innovation Center Publishing House, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12731/2070-7568-2021-10-5-1-23-32.
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This article discusses in detail the aspects and essence of consumer behavior, as well as the factors influencing it. The types of consumers and their features are presented. The marketing model of consumer behavior is described in detail, and, therefore, it is concluded that marketers have the ability to use personality parameters to predict consumer behavior.
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Eneroth, Hanna, Hanna Karlsson Potter, and Elin Röös. Environmental impact of coffee, tea and cocoa – data collection for a consumer guide for plant-based foods. Department of Energy and Technology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54612/a.2n3m2d2pjl.
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In 2020, WWF launched a consumer guide on plant-based products targeting Swedish consumers. The development of the guide is described in a journal paper (Karlsson Potter & Röös, 2021) and the environmental impact of different plant based foods was published in a report (Karlsson Potter, Lundmark, & Röös, 2020). This report was prepared for WWF Sweden to provide scientific background information for complementing the consumer guide with information on coffee, tea and cocoa. This report includes quantitative estimations for several environmental categories (climate, land use, biodiversity and water use) of coffee (per L), tea (per L) and cocoa powder (per kg), building on the previously established methodology for the consumer guide. In addition, scenarios of consumption of coffee, tea and cocoa drink with milk/plant-based drinks and waste at household level, are presented. Tea, coffee and cacao beans have a lot in common. They are tropical perennial crops traditionally grown in the shade among other species, i.e. in agroforestry systems. Today, the production in intensive monocultures has negative impact on biodiversity. Re-introducing agroforestry practices may be part of the solution to improve biodiversity in these landscapes. Climate change will likely, due to changes in temperature, extreme weather events and increases in pests and disease, alter the areas where these crops can be grown in the future. A relatively high ratio of the global land used for coffee, tea and cocoa is certified according to sustainability standards, compared to other crops. Although research on the implications of voluntary standards on different outcomes is inconclusive, the literature supports that certifications have a role in incentivizing more sustainable farming. Coffee, tea and cocoa all contain caffeine and have a high content of bioactive compounds such as antioxidants, and they have all been associated with positive health outcomes. While there is a strong coffee culture in Sweden and coffee contributes substantially to the environmental impact of our diet, tea is a less consumed beverage. Cocoa powder is consumed as a beverage, but substantial amounts of our cocoa consumption is in the form of chocolate. Roasted ground coffee on the Swedish market had a climate impact of 4.0 kg CO2e per kg powder, while the climate impact of instant coffee powder was 11.5 kg CO2e per kg. Per litre, including the energy use for making the coffee, the total climate impact was estimated to 0.25 kg CO2e per L brewed coffee and 0.16 kg CO2e per L for instant coffee. Less green coffee beans are needed to produce the same amount of ready to drink coffee from instant coffee than from brewed coffee. Tea had a climate impact of approximately 6.3 kg CO2 e per kg dry leaves corresponding to an impact of 0.064 CO2e per L ready to drink tea. In the assessment of climate impact per cup, tea had the lowest impact with 0.013 kg CO2e, followed by black instant coffee (0.024 kg CO2e), black coffee (0.038 kg CO2e), and cocoa drink made with milk (0.33 kg CO2e). The climate impact of 1kg cocoa powder on the Swedish market was estimated to 2.8 kg CO2e. Adding milk to coffee or tea increases the climate impact substantially. The literature describes a high proportion of the total climate impact of coffee from the consumer stage due to the electricity used by the coffee machine. However, with the Nordic low-carbon energy mix, the brewing and heating of water and milk contributes to only a minor part of the climate impact of coffee. As in previous research, coffee also had a higher land use, water use and biodiversity impact than tea per L beverage. Another factor of interest at the consumer stage is the waste of prepared coffee. Waste of prepared coffee contributes to climate impact through the additional production costs and electricity for preparation, even though the latter was small in our calculations. The waste of coffee and tea at Summary household level is extensive and measures to reduce the amount of wasted coffee and tea could reduce the environmental impact of Swedish hot drink consumption. For the final evaluation of coffee and tea for the consumer guide, the boundary for the fruit and vegetable group was used. The functional unit for coffee and tea was 1 L prepared beverage without any added milk or sweetener. In the guide, the final evaluation of conventionally grown coffee is that it is ‘yellow’ (‘Consume sometimes’), and for organic produce, ‘light green’ (‘Please consume). The evaluation of conventionally grown tea is that it is ‘light green’, and for organic produce, ‘dark green’ (‘Preferably consume this’). For cocoa, the functional unit is 1 kg of cocoa powder and the boundary was taken from the protein group. The final evaluation of conventionally grown cocoa is that it is ‘orange’ (‘Be careful’), and for organically produced cocoa, ‘light green’.
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Agency, Food Standards. Consumer Insights Tracker. Food Standards Agency, October 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.46756/sci.fsa.nfy518.
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The Consumer Insights Tracker is the FSA’s monthly tracking survey that monitors changes in consumers’ behaviour and attitudes in relation to food. Each month, the survey is conducted with approximately 2,000 adults (aged 16 or over) in England, Wales and Northern Ireland who are signed up to an online survey panel. The tracker is currently run by YouGov. The Consumer Insights Tracker complements our flagship Food and You 2 survey, which collects more robust data on a biannual basis, providing longer term monitoring of consumer behaviour and attitudes over time. The key differences between the two surveys are summarised below
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Rosser, Katy, Iulia Gherman, Erica Kintz, Paul Cook, and Anthony WIlson. Assessment of the risk to consumers as a result of disruption to the cold chain during direct supply of Qurbani meat and offal. Food Standards Agency, June 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46756/sci.fsa.nuc910.
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Qurbani is a religious practice that takes place during Eid al-Adha. Consumers practicing Qurbani typically wish to collect meat and red offal within a short time after slaughter, which means these products cannot complete normal chilling processes before leaving the slaughterhouse. This could permit greater growth of pathogens and has the potential to increase the risk of consumer illness. The FSA is working with industry and stakeholder groups to ensure that the risk to consumers under these conditions remains at an acceptable level. To help inform these discussions, the FSA commissioned this assessment to understand the difference in risk from allowing meat and offal to be provided to consumers without the normal chilling process. The microbiological team at the FSA have analysed scientific literature, expert opinion and business and consumer survey data to assess the effect of disrupting the cold chain on pathogens in Qurbani meat. The pathogens that were chosen for inclusion in this assessment are non-typhoidal Salmonella enterica, Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli, and Clostridium perfringens. Their growth characteristics and prevalence in beef, lamb and goat meat and offal are discussed. The assessment concluded that given the reported variation in the process, there were two important scenarios with distinct outcomes. In the typical scenario, which is the most likely outcome based on the collected data, there is no significant difference in risk to consumer health compared to normal chilling processes, and the risk level was established as Very Low (“very rare but cannot be excluded”). In a reasonably foreseeable worst-case scenario, Salmonella spp. and STEC levels may increase, presenting an increased risk to the consumer. This risk level was established as Low (“rare but does occur”). We also identified several areas where more evidence would be helpful, and as a result identified a High level of uncertainty in our conclusion.
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Connors, Caitlin, Laura Malan, Murel Esposito, Claire Madden, Nefeli Trikka, Mel Cohen, Faun Rothery, et al. UK Public’s Interests, Needs and Concerns Around Food. Food Standards Agency, June 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46756/sci.fsa.ihw534.
Full textAbstract:
This qualitative and quantitative research explored UK consumer views and priorities in relation to our responsibilities around food hygiene and safety, but also around wider interests the public see critical in shaping their food choices and lives including: health and nutrition environment and ethics price quality and convenience consumer versus business power potential food futures The top priorities for consumers, and where they would like action taken on their behalf, are around ensuring: hygiene and safety standards are maintained or strengthened equitable access to safe, healthy, affordable food easy informed decision making trustworthy food information In the context of the UK, they would like to ensure farmers and UK agriculture are protected and that locally produced food is accessible. In the wider context of the system, consumers would like action on animal welfare and waste (food and packaging), and in the long term a steer towards fair, ethical and sustainable food systems.
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Bogdan, Alex, and Nikki Soo. Survey of consumer practices with respect to coated frozen chicken products. Food Standards Agency, June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46756/sci.fsa.hrb725.
Full textAbstract:
The Food Standards Agency (FSA) is investigating a spike in Salmonella cases in the UK linked to the consumption of coated frozen chicken products. In March 2021, FSA, in collaboration with Food Standards Scotland (FSS) commissioned Ipsos MORI to conduct an online survey in order to identify consumer behaviours which could increase their risk to foodborne disease. The key research questions were: •Which consumers are purchasing coated frozen chicken products? •How do consumers store and cook these products? •Do consumers follow packaging instructions when cooking and storing these products?•Are consumers putting themselves at risk of Salmonellain the way they, store, cook and handle these products? •Do consumers take appropriate action to protect themselves from risk by washing their hands, and avoiding cross-contamination when handling these products? •Do children (aged 12 or under) or teenagers (aged 13-15) handle and cook these products?
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Cairo, Jessica, Iulia Gherman, and Paul Cook. The effects of consumer freezing of food on its use-by date. Food Standards Agency, July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46756/sci.fsa.ret874.
Full textAbstract:
The current Food Standards Agency consumer guidance states that consumers can freeze pre-packed food right up to the “use-by” date and, once food has been defrosted, it should be consumed within 24 hours. This strategic review has collated relevant data to determine whether there is an increased risk in relation to freezing ready-to-eat and non-ready-to-eat foods on the use-by date compared to the day before the use-by date. The review has focused on how the shelf-life of a food is determined and the effects of freezing, thawing and refrigeration on foodborne pathogens, including Bacillus spp., Campylobacter spp., Clostridium botulinum, Clostridium perfringens, Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella, pathogenic Escherichia coli and Shigella spp. In the UK, food business operators are responsible for setting the safe shelf-life of a food which, in practice, should take into consideration the consumer habits, as well as the factors affecting shelf-life, such as food product characteristics, food processing techniques, transport, retail and domestic food storage temperatures, and type of packaging. Some countries, such as Ireland, New Zealand and Canada specifically recommend including safety margins within shelf lives. This is used to maintain brand integrity because it ensures that the food is consumed in its optimum condition. The FSA has collaborated with other organisations in the production of several guidance documents; however, there is no explicit requirement for the consideration of a margin of safety when setting shelf-life. There is also no legal requirement in the UK to consider a safety margin when setting shelf-life. According to regulations, pathogens should not be present in sufficient levels to cause foodborne illness on the use-by date, as food should still be safe to eat on that day. Given that these requirements are met, the risk assessed in this report arises from the processes of freezing, thawing and subsequent refrigerated storage for a further 24 hours, and the potential for these to increase pathogen levels. In this review, it was found that there is a risk of additional growth of certain pathogens during the refrigerated storage period although the impact of freezing and thawing on the extent of this growth was not readily evident. This risk would relate specifically to ready-to-eat foods as cooking of non-ready-to-eat foods after defrosting would eliminate pathogens. This report explores the potential issues related to consumer freezing on the use-by date and identifies additional information or research required to understand the risks involved. Overall, there is little evidence to suggest a significant change in risk between consumers freezing ready-to-eat food on the use-by date compared to freezing the food on the day before the use-by date. Specific areas that merit further research include the risks due to low temperature survival and growth of L. monocytogenes. There is also a lack of research on the effects of freezing, defrosting and refrigeration on the growth and toxin production of non-proteolytic C. botulinum, and the growth of Salmonella during domestic freezing and thawing. Finally, more information on how food business operators set shelf-life would enable a better understanding of the process and the extent of the safety margin when determining shelf-life of ready-to-eat and non-ready-to-eat foods.
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Chamanara, Sanaz, and Kaveh Madani. The Hidden Environmental Cost of Cryptocurrency: How Bitcoin Mining Impacts Climate, Water and Land. United Nations University Institute for Water, Environment and Health (UNU INWEH), October 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.53328/inr23asc02.
Full textAbstract:
Based on a multi-attribute assessment of the environmental impacts and challenges associated with global Bitcoin (BTC) mining activities around the globe, we call for urgent action by the scientific, policy, and advocacy communities. The worldwide BTC mining network consumed 173.42 TWh of electricity during the 2020–2021 period, bigger than the electricity consumption of most nations. The mining process emitted over 85.89 Mt of CO2eq in the same timeframe, equivalent to the emission caused by burning 84 billion pounds of coal or running 190 natural gas-fired power plants. The environmental footprint of BTC mining is not limited to greenhouse gas emissions. In 2020–2021, the global water footprint of BTC mining was about 1.65 km 3, more than the domestic water use of 300 million people in rural Sub-Saharan Africa. The land footprint of the global BTC mining network during this period was more than 1,870 square kilometers, 1.4 times the area of Los Angeles. These striking numbers highlight the heavy reliance of the BTC network on fossil fuels and natural resource-intensive energy sources, resulting in major but unmonitored and unregulated environmental footprints. To mitigate the environmental costs of BTC mining, immediate policy interventions, technological advancements, and scientific research are crucial. Proposed measures include enhanced transparency, economic and regulatory tools, developing energy-efficient alternative coins, and the adoption of greener blockchain validation protocols.
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Iturribarría Chávez, Jorge Fernando, Milen Montserrat Mendoza Angeles, Rebeca Torres Carrasco, Andrea Romo Jiménez, and Maria Monserrath Pacheco Vazquez. Impacto del uso de psicoestimulantes (Modafinilo y Metilfenidato) en los estudiantes de medicina en relación con el síndrome de burnout. BIYUBI, October 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.61482/biyu.23.01.
Full textAbstract:
Burnout syndrome refers to exhaustion, cynicism and inefficiency. It can occur at work or in an academic environment. The stressful lifestyle of students and the risk of anxiety, depression and sleep disorders due to the high academic demand are risk factors for burnout syndrome. As a result of the high prevalence of burnout syndrome, there is a high risk of the use of psicoestimulantes or known as smart drugs in 13.1%. Among the most consumed psychostimulants without a medical prescription, modafinil and with a medical prescription, methylphenidate. Within the studied sample, 84.5% presented high or very high levels of exhaustion. 80% of the subjects who consume modafinil use it with the purpose to improve their academic performance and increase their concentration, however the drug is indicated in drowsiness, sleep disorders. About 100% of those who consume methylphenidate do so by medical prescription.