Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Constructions, Théorie des – Matériaux – Fatigue'
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Hoang-Tung, Vu. "Etude critique des méthodes simplifiées d'analyse des portiques en acier en zones sismiques." Rennes, INSA, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006ISAR0025.
Full textGautier, Ewann. "Plasticité cyclique multiaxiale en zone confinée : approche théorique et expérimentale." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Brest, École nationale supérieure de techniques avancées Bretagne, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023ENTA0002.
Full textThe structural components exhibit zones of stress concentrations leading to heterogeneous stress states, that can lead to local plasticity and low cycle fatigue failure. In this work, two parts are proposed to study the local cyclic elasto-plastic behavior at the critical point. First, an analytical method is proposed to predict the local response only at the critical point of the structure. In the second step, experimental measurements are obtained through in-situ X-ray diffraction measurements to question the predictions of the simplified finite element method. The study of the behavior at the critical point of the structure is carried out using a method based on the use of an Adjustable Location Operator (ALO). Until now, two strategies have been used to identify this operator on a structure. Based on these methods, two lines of improvement are proposed to improve the numerical predictions. These two in the presence of a new interesting compromise between the identification cost and the quality of the predictions with respect to the numerical reference. In order to compare these numerical results with experimental results, a protocol for in-situ stress monitoring by X-ray diffraction was set up. Subsequently, tests were carried out to observe cyclic behavior, with a progressive and continuous relaxation of the average stress until the initiation of a crack
Gourinat, Yves. "Conception et réalisation du didacticiel de calcul de structures de l'Aérospatiale." Toulouse, ENSAE, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989ESAE0017.
Full textLi, Changle. "Application de la méthode d'analyse simplifiée des structures inélastiques à la fatigue de contact." Lille 1, 2004. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/RESTREINT/Th_Num/2004/50376-2004-233.pdf.
Full textBercelli, Lorenzo. "Étude des propriétés en fatigue polycyclique des matériaux et des structures obtenus par le procédé de fabrication additive arc-fil." Thesis, Brest, École nationale supérieure de techniques avancées Bretagne, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021ENTA0008.
Full textAdditive manufacturing processes act as an alternative to the production of complex geometries and high added value parts. It is the case in the naval industry for which the Wire and Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM) process is used to fabricate hollow structures. WAAM materials usually show a heterogeneous microstructure, internal defects, a strong residual stress field and rough asbuilt surfaces. The objective of the present work is to propose a method for fatigue life prediction taking into account both the internal defects and the rough asbuilt surfaces. The material parameters of probabilistic models are determined through the use of thermometry in fatigue tests. Firstly, it is shown that the self-heating of machined samples is not affected by the presence of rare pores, allowing for the identification of the fatigue properties of a virtually defect-free WAAM material. Secondly, the use of infrared thermography allows for the detection and the tracking of fatigue cracks on rough as-built surfaces of samples, giving useful information to the modelisation of crack propagation. Finally, these tests results are confronted to the case of a hollow WAAM structures with rough as-built internal surfaces. The fatigue testing of these structures allow to set the basis of a fatigue dimensioning method
Massart, Thierry Jacques. "Multi-scale modeling of damage in masonry structures." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211218.
Full textThe conservation of structures of the historical heritage is an increasing concern nowadays for public authorities. The technical design phase of repair operations for these structures is of prime importance. Such operations usually require an estimation of the residual strength and of the potential structural failure modes of structures to optimize the choice of the repairing techniques.
Although rules of thumb and codes are widely used, numerical simulations now start to emerge as valuable tools. Such alternative methods may be useful in this respect only if they are able to account realistically for the possibly complex failure modes of masonry in structural applications.
The mechanical behaviour of masonry is characterized by the properties of its constituents (bricks and mortar joints) and their stacking mode. Structural failure mechanisms are strongly connected to the mesostructure of the material, with strong localization and damage-induced anisotropy.
The currently available numerical tools for this material are mostly based on approaches incorporating only one scale of representation. Mesoscopic models are used in order to study structural details with an explicit representation of the constituents and of their behaviour. The range of applicability of these descriptions is however restricted by computational costs. At the other end of the spectrum, macroscopic descriptions used in structural computations rely on phenomenological constitutive laws representing the collective behaviour of the constituents. As a result, these macroscopic models are difficult to identify and sometimes lead to wrong failure mode predictions.
The purpose of this study is to bridge the gap between mesoscopic and macroscopic representations and to propose a computational methodology for the analysis of plane masonry walls. To overcome the drawbacks of existing approaches, a multi-scale framework is used which allows to include mesoscopic behaviour features in macroscopic descriptions, without the need for an a priori postulated macroscopic constitutive law. First, a mesoscopic constitutive description is defined for the quasi-brittle constituents of the masonry material, the failure of which mainly occurs through stiffness degradation. The mesoscopic description is therefore based on a scalar damage model. Plane stress and generalized plane state assumptions are used at the mesoscopic scale, leading to two-dimensional macroscopic continuum descriptions. Based on periodic homogenization techniques and unit cell computations, it is shown that the identified mesoscopic constitutive setting allows to reproduce the characteristic shape of (anisotropic) failure envelopes observed experimentally. The failure modes corresponding to various macroscopic loading directions are also shown to be correctly captured. The in-plane failure mechanisms are correctly represented by a plane stress description, while the generalized plane state assumption, introducing simplified three-dimensional effects, is shown to be needed to represent out-of-plane failure under biaxial compressive loading. Macroscopic damage-induced anisotropy resulting from the constituents' stacking mode in the material, which is complex to represent properly using macroscopic phenomenological constitutive equations, is here obtained in a natural fashion. The identified mesoscopic description is introduced in a scale transition procedure to infer the macroscopic response of the material. The first-order computational homogenization technique is used for this purpose to extract this response from unit cells. Damage localization eventually appears as a natural outcome of the quasi-brittle nature of the constituents. The onset of macroscopic localization is treated as a material bifurcation phenomenon and is detected from an eigenvalue analysis of the homogenized acoustic tensor obtained from the scale transition procedure together with a limit point criterion. The macroscopic localization orientations obtained with this type of detection are shown to be strongly related to the underlying mesostructural failure modes in the unit cells.
A well-posed macroscopic description is preserved by embedding localization bands at the macroscopic localization onset, with a width directly deduced from the initial periodicity of the mesostructure of the material. This allows to take into account the finite size of the fracturing zone in the macroscopic description. As a result of mesoscopic damage localization in narrow zones of the order of a mortar joint, the material response computationally deduced from unit cells may exhibit a snap-back behaviour. This precludes the use of such a response in the standard strain-driven multi-scale scheme.
Adaptations of the multi-scale framework required to treat the mesostructural response snap-back are proposed. This multi-scale framework is finally applied for a typical confined shear wall problem, which allows to verify its ability to represent complex structural failure modes.
Doctorat en sciences appliquées
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Roukieh, Samir. "Contribution des commandes optimale, à structure variable, et par logique floue à la synthèse des suspensions automobile." Toulouse, INSA, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993ISAT0043.
Full textThomas, Jean-Jacques. "Contrôle non destructif des matériaux et des structures par analyse dynamique non linéaire." Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995EPXX0020.
Full textRoux-Langlois, Clément. "Simulation de fissures courbes en trois dimensions avec extraction directe des facteurs d'intensité des contraintes : En vue de l'identification de lois de propagation de fatigue." Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ISAL0112/document.
Full textIt is necessary to understand the behavior of structures up to their failure to enhance their design. The mechanisms and phenomena undergoing failure vary according to the considered material and boundary conditions. We consider homogeneous materials for which cracks propagate in a context where behavior nonlinearities are not dominants. These conditions are matched for brittle and quasi-brittle materials and for some fatigue cracks. For the former, the main source of dissipation is the crack propagation which can be seen as the generation of a new free-surface. For the later, there is many applications where, in one loading cycle, the nonlinearities remains confined around the crack tip. The linear elastic fracture mechanics theory is then a pertinent model to approximate the structure behavior. Under such hypotheses, a singularity appears in the crack tip vicinity. The Williams' series expansion is computed from the asymptotic study of plane and anti-plane states. The stress is singular at the crack tip and the order of this singularity is one out of two. The singularity amplitude is quantified by the stress intensity factors (SIF), one for each of the three loading modes. In 3D, the crack shape is potentially complex (front curvature and non-planar crack), and no general asymptotic series expansion exists. In this PhD thesis, the 2D Williams' series in displacements are used and regularized with a finite element evolution along the front. From this 3D definition of the asymptotic fields in the crack tip vicinity, a numerical method for direct estimation of the SIF (DEK-FEM) is extended to 3D. This method is based on domain decomposition, the two domains are bounded in a weak sense on their interface. In the crack tip vicinity, the mechanical fields are approximated by a truncation of the asymptotic series expansion. Therefore, appropriate fields are used to deal with the singularity, and the associated degrees of freedom are directly the asymptotic coefficients. Among these coefficients are the SIF and the T-stresses. To bridge the scales between the structure and the crack front singularity and to increase the numerical efficiency, this method is embedded in a localized X-FEM multigrids approach. The proposed method is shown to provide an accurate evaluation of the SIF and T-stresses evolution. This approach has been developed in combination of an experimental post-processing method (full field displacement measurement through image correlation) based on the same asymptotic series expansion. The 3D images can be obtained for in situ fatigue experiments by X-ray microtomography and reconstruction. The crack geometry and the SIF are then provided by image correlation and regularization based on Williams series expansion. These data can be used for identifying a 3D fatigue crack growth law. The efficiency of the method is illustrated in 2D
Perrot, Arnaud. "Conditions d'extrudabilité des matériaux à base cimentaire." Rennes, INSA, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006ISAR0017.
Full textCement based material extrusion is not yet a very common forming process. As example, extrusion flow properties of such firm pastes are not well described. The possibility to extrude cement base materials seems to be very promising in the scope of high mechanical performanceprecast concrete. The study of the rheological and tribological behaviour shows that the studied materials exhibit a frictional plastic behaviour. The measurements of the permeability and compressibilty properties of the granular skeletons indicate the time of fluid filtration and the extrusion time are close. The addition of a vibration change the materials rheology (yield stress reduction with the vibration velocity). The observation of the axisymetrical flow typology induced by a ram displacement toward a square entry die shows the development of two dewatered zones during the extrusion. The first zone is located near the ram and the second is the dead zone. A simplified analytical model allow to compute the extrusion force, in such geometry, integrating the flow induced heterogeneities. An ininterrupted forming process industrially working is then studied: the material screw extrusion. Results show that with a sufficient rotation velocity of the screw, the induces flow is undrained and the material stays homogeneous. The pertinency of a coupling between vibration and extusion is then demonstrated. Such coupling allows to reduce the extrusion force. Finally, the limits of the extrudability domain in rotation velocity and vibration velocity is determined and plotted in two dimensions
Farooghi, Farzin. "Caracterisation des interfaces de chaussees mixtes : modelisation mecanique, auscultation radar." Rennes, INSA, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ISAR0023.
Full textThe interface between a bituminous and cement pavement of the composite structures is studied, firstly using DEM simulations of a direct shear test and secondly via the analysis of the numerical and experimental response of double-layered to a signal radar. In the first part, we initially observed, by the analytical method, that debonding considerably decreases the life service of these structures. Then, we highlighted, by the Distinct Elements method, the influence of the contact bond, the friction and the particles grading on the shear strength. In the second part, the radar system is applied to detect the interface defects. We highlight the influence of the nature and thickness of the various types of interfaces (bonding , debonding and damaged of cement material) using the maximum amplitude and of the time delay of the signal reflected on the interfaces
Duprat, Didier. "Contribution à l'amélioration des méthodes de calcul en fatigue et tolérance aux dommages pour la conception, la justification et la maintenance des avions civils." Toulouse 3, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996TOU30268.
Full textDavoodi, Behnam. "Etude du comportement quasi-statique et dynamique des matériaux métalliques à haute température : simulation numérique du formage à chaud." Rennes, INSA, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006ISAR0010.
Full textThe objective of this thesis lies within the general scope of searching constitutive equations for simulation of hot metal forming at high strain rate. In particular, we are interested in studying the dynamic behavior of aluminum 5083 by utilizing the shpb system for identification of the constitutive equation parameters at high strain rates and high temperatures. A new specimen in the form of a halter is introduced to facilitate the shpb test at an elevated temperature. The ability of this specimen to maintain its temperature, relative to the cylindrical specimen, between the cut-off of the heating device and prior to the impact of the striker, with or without contact with the pressure bars, has been studied via both experimental tests and finite element methods. The form of the specimen was optimized by comparing all the results obtained in experiments and by simulation. The parameters for all material models are identified from experimental data by using the inverse analysis method. For validation of the material model, shpb test is simulated at various strain rates and various temperatures. The explicit finite element code abaqus is used in these simulations. The validation methodology used here is to compare the recorded strain gauge histories measured on the pressure bars with the histories of the simulated strain gauges. Finally, an example is presented, where the process of hot forming of aluminum panels of airplanes is simulated and studied via fe modeling
Abdelghani, Maher. "Identification temporelle des structures : approche des algorithmes sous-espace dans l'espace état." Montpellier 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995MON20185.
Full textCiutina, Liviu Adrian. "Assemblages et comportement sismique de portiques en acier et mixtes acier-béton : Expérimentation et simulation numérique." Rennes, INSA, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003ISAR0016.
Full textThe work presented in this report concerns the seismic response of moment resisting steel or composite steel-concrete frames, influenced by the behaviour of their joints. The steel of the beam-to-column joints or the steel part in the case of composite joints are realised by bolted end-plate connections, using HSF bolts with controlled preloading. The first part of the study, having an experimental character, relates several series of tests, performed at Rennes and at Timisoara; its objective is to research the appropriate constructive layouts for an improved ductile behaviour of the steel and composite end-plate beam-to-column connections under monotonic and cyclic types of loading, under symmetrical or strongly unsymmetrical conditions. A particular attention is given to some detail points of the connections: the inferior part of the end-plate, by means of basic experimental tests on “T-stub” subassemblies, bevel type used for welding of beams to the end plates, the reinforcing of the column steel panel of the steel column by doubling plates, etc. This study allowed us to compare the experimental results with those of the models proposed by recent codes and to propose some recommendations and simple formulae in order to permit a better dissipative behaviour. A second part concerns the calibration of numerical models, by the help of DRAIN 2DX computer code, according to the results of the experimental tests. In the case of beam-columns type of elements, using a fibre model and including the measured characteristics of the materials it was proved that we can arrive to a good agreement as compared to the experimental results. As for the connections themselves, a sophisticated model, based on a multi-linear envelope curve of response and including a degrading cyclic behaviour, leads also to an adequate simulation of the real moment-rotation response curves. Into the third part, based on the dynamic non-linear analyses and on soil accelerograms, we try to take advantage of the behaviour of the steel and composite connections tested in laboratory. Five moment frames, from which one metallic and four composite are analysed, considering the beams jointed to columns by connections having a similar behaviour of those tested experimentally, so more or less rigid and/or more or less resistant. The location of the structures was supposed in zones having different nature and seismic levels, particularly in France and Romania. The responses are judged in terms of the required élasto-plastic rotation of the dissipative elements and by the required inter-story drifts. The global ductility response is interpreted in terms of the behaviour factor q and of the seismic performance factor η
Cheikh, Mohammed. "Réanalyse de l'équilibre des structures : application à l'étude des assemblages collés et de l'endommagement des matériaux composites." Dijon, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997DIJOS079.
Full textEnjalbert, Paul. "Sur la théorie des méconnaissances en conception robuste." Phd thesis, École normale supérieure de Cachan - ENS Cachan, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00572820.
Full textLuu, D. H. "Théorie à Gradient: Models de Comportement et Critères de Fatigue; Application en Micromécanique." Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2013. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00866081.
Full textCaprio, Silva Gustavo. "L' identification de propriétés de matériaux à partir des mesures de champ utilisant la modélisation par éléments finis avec accent sur la caractérisation d'erreurs expérimentales déterministes." Saint-Etienne, EMSE, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009EMSE0008.
Full textProgresses in Finite Elements, and Optical Full Field Measurement techniques, in particular their treatment of a large number of data points and their ability to visualize strain variations have made possible the identification of more realistic material/structure properties on direct industrial parts. This thesis describes the implementation of a Finite Element Model Updating strategy employed for the identification of material/structures properties. A special effort is made to map accurately and efficiently experimental data points into the FE model. Some original developments were also made to take into account several deterministic experimental phenomena. An estimate of statistical confidence intervals is described. Applications are given for the identification of elastic orthotropic properties of composite materials using a classical standard test on a structure. Last, the thesis is concluded with a case study using stereo-correlation on an industrial airplane part
Perrin, Frédéric. "Prise en compte des données expérimentales dans les modèles probabilistes pour la prévision de la durée de vie des structures." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008CLF21823.
Full textWargnier, Hervé. "Étude des structures fissurées par la méthode des équations intégrales : développement d'un code de calcul." Toulouse, ENSAE, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990ESAE0007.
Full textValotaire, Franckie. "Conception d'outils numériques destinés à dimensionner des structures soumises à une onde de choc." Lyon, INSA, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993ISAL0057.
Full textThe subject of this research is to contribute to the improvement of the present acknowledges in design of structures to resist the effects of accidental explosions. Many programs which help the architect to improve design of explosion resistant structures have been developed and compared in this study. First, a hydro-code called EXPLO has been used to calculate pressure, density and energy inside the spherical charge. Secondly, two codes (PROPA and REFLEX) intended for simulating propagation and successive reflection of the pressure wave in the air have been created. Thirdly, dynamic properties of concrete and steel are presented. Fourthly, severa! codes are developed and used to calculate the effects of blast wave on structure: STRUCT-RM and STRUCT-IMP (Simplified analysis method with a single degree of freedom) ; STRUCT-MOD (Normal mode technique in the linear analysis); STRUCT-EF (Finite element code). Finally, all of these codes are compared with experimental results. So, high explosion-resistant structure can be totally designed with numerical simulation of accidental explosion, propagation and multiple reflexion of blast wave and behaviour of the structure
Hautefeuille, Martin. "Modélisation numérique des matériaux hétérogènes : une approche EF multi-échelle et orientée composant." Compiègne, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009COMP1802.
Full textConcrete like materials display a matrix/inclusions heterogeneous meso structure visible to the naked eye. In this PhD thesis, an integrated multiscale Finite Element based strategy is proposed. The latter carries out simultaneously structural level computation and mesoscale ones which enriched the macro scale behavior. This method aims at describing global structural collapse accounting for complex failure mechanisms at their proper scales of occurrence. The proposed computational approach derives from non-overlapping domain decomposition techniques. Each element of a structure discretization receives a finner description of the underlying meso structure. Localized Lagrange multipliers ensure a dual compatibility between the macroscale and the mesoscale displacements. A dedicated parallel software architecture has been implemented using the middleware CTL (Component Template Library) developed at the TU Braunschweig. A lattice meso model has been employed in order to describe the fine scale. Each truss element is provided with two kinematics enrichments. Such model is able to account for the heterogeneous phase arrangement and the quasi-brittle behavior of such materials
Boutet, Pierre. "Prise en compte des méconnaissances dans la quantification de la nocivité des fissures en fatigue." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015SACLN034/document.
Full textIn industrial plants, regular inspections are planned to assess the internal state of installations. If some cracks are revealed, it is desirable to know whether the structure can still be used or if a degraded mode of operation should be considered. Starting from a linear elastic fracture mechanics model, the work presented studied the scatter of the remaining life of such cracked parts due to the uncertainties on the parameters of the prediction model. Initial crack size, material properties and input parameters of Paris’ law have been considered as random variables and their distributions have been experimentally identified and fitted with convenient statistical laws. Time Of Flight Diffraction (TOFD) and field measurement technique based on Digital Image Correlation (DIC) were used to monitor the crack propagation initiated from a notch introduced in specimen submitted to uniaxial cyclic loading. Experimental crack length results were used to initiate computations and as a mean to validate numerical results. Both the crack lengths distributions resulting from the application of loading cycles and the distribution of the number of cycles leading to a given crack length were obtained from a Monte-Carlo method applied to the prediction model. The fit of these distributions with log-normal laws provided analytical tools to assess probabilistic crack propagation. It allowed for risk mapping and for the evaluation of the studied component’s reliability evolution. Last, the effects of an actualisation of crack length knowledge along the life of this component in terms of assessment uncertainty and predicted residual life extension has been studied. Especially, to limit the cost of non-destructive techniques inspection in industrial cases, a reliability-based strategy has been proposed for the optimisation of the crack knowledge actualisation
Gros, Céline. "Durabilité de joints adhésifs silicone sous conditions environnementales sévères : application au packaging en électronique de puissance." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2006. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/7643/1/gros.pdf.
Full textSellier, Alain. "Modélisations probabilistes du comportement de matériaux et de structures en génie civil." Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995DENS0012.
Full textMassi, Francesco. "Dynamic and tribological analysis of brake squeal." Lyon, INSA, 2006. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2006ISAL0101/these.pdf.
Full textLe but de cette thèse est l’étude des phénomènes d’instabilités à l’origine des bruits de crissement lors du freinage. L’interdisciplinarité du sujet qui traite majoritairement des aspects tribologiques et dynamiques, est prise en compte. Le rapport est structuré en quatre parties principales, menées en parallèle. I) Un modèle numérique linéaire basé sur la méthode des éléments finis est développé pour prédire les fréquences de crissement avec une analyse paramétrique. Ii) Les valeurs instables des paramètres sont alors introduites dans un modèle numérique non linéaire développé pour les problèmes de contact. Les nonlinéarités du contact sont donc prises en compte et la simulation numérique dans le domaine temporel permet d’analyser les vibrations du système et le comportement local des contraintes de contact. Iii) Une analyse dynamique expérimentale est effectuée pour comprendre le comportement macroscopique du système et lier l’instabilité de crissement à la dynamique du système. V) Une analyse tribologique expérimentale est conduite pour comprendre les rôles des éléments du triplet tribologique (mécanisme, premier corps et troisième corps). Les résultats obtenus dans chacun des quatre parties de ce travail convergent et permettent l’interprétation de la physique du phénomène du crissement : l’instabilité est due au couplage entre deux vecteurs propres du système. Le couplage s’initie dans la surface du contact où l’oscillation local des contraintes de contact et le coefficient de frottement assurent le couplage entre les vibrations tangentielles et normales des composants du système de freinage, et causent ainsi les vibrations auto-excitées du système
Corfdir, Alain. "Analyse de la stabilité d'ouvrages en gabions cellulaires par la théorie du calcul à la rupture." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, 1997. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00523026.
Full textTayeb, Frédéric. "Simulation numérique du comportement mécanique non linéaire de gridshells composés de poutres élancées en matériaux composites et de sections quelconques." Thesis, Paris Est, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PEST1067/document.
Full textThe structures like gridshells are structures made of a plane regular grid which is elastically deformed and then stiffened in the wished configuration. The composite materials gridshells have been developed and studied for several years at Navier laboratory. The thesis offer a feedback, through a history of Navier realisations. It also precise the points to improve, in numerical simulation or about materials or technological aspects. Then, the thesis explains the new numerical developments that make possible the ultimate analysis of the structure, taking account the ruptures of beams (robustness), and that makes possible the consideration of the torsion in anisotropic beams, that is to say beams with any cross-section. In the first chapter the context of the work is presented. This chapter explains how the Navier laboratory designs and builds gridshells. In particular, the numerical method historically used - the dynamic relaxation method - is presented. The second chapter presents the gridshell realisations of the Navier laboratory. Several prototypes have been built during the past ten years. The two last ones, the Solidays gridshell and the Ephemeral Cathedral of Creteil, have been designed to shelter public. The important choices during design and fabrication are detailed with an accent on technological progresses and feedbacks. The third chapter deals with the behaviour of composite materials gridhsells. The approach was to investigate the behaviour of the gridshell to understand the processes of damage. It is shown that buckling is particularly dangerous for the gridshell. The results of the study shows that when the gridshell has been well designed and in particular if buckling is avoided, the gridshell behave in a robust manner, thanks to its redundancy. Finally the last chapter deals with a new beam model, able to take into account torsion, for beams with any section. In the previous chapters it was underlined that the consideration of torsion aspects was lacking and has various consequences – incorrect estimation of stress, ignorance of forces and moments in connections, imprecision in geometry. In this chapter, the model of beams used is a four degrees of freedom model, similar to the ones presented by Basile Audoly and Ethan Grinspun. The numerical simulation, performed once again thanks to a dynamic relaxation algorithm, is able to provide equilibrium configurations of highly reticulated structures as gridshells. One of the particularity of this work is the fact that the model is a continuous model, only discretized for numerical simulations. The external forces and moments can be implemented. For beams with rectangular cross-section, the results of the model are compared to finite element modelling simulations. The results are satisfying in term of accuracy and computational time. Finally the numerical method is applied to structures made of interconnected beams. The connections are modelled and the efforts through them are provided by the model. This provides important information about how to design the connections. Thanks to these work it become possible to use the large possibility of shapes offered by slender beams whose flexural inertias are different
Peigney, Benjamin-Edouard. "Contribution à l'analyse de problèmes multi-échelles : application à des processus de diffusion et de combustion." Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCC096.
Full textThe results established in this thesis deal with some multi-scale problems for which we design specially taylored techniques in order to tackle a specific physical problem, in which the multi-scale aspect plays a crucial role. We also try to justify, as rigorously as possible, the different methods we propose. The first considered multi-scale problem deals with the heat equation inside a cracked medium. In particular, following a homogeneization approach, we show that the crack effects can be modeled by a volume source term in the homogenized heat equation. The second multi-scale problem is related to the modeling of fusion plasma, in the Inertial Confinement Fusion (ICF) context. We derive an accurate kinetic modeling of the combustion process of hydrogen. The multi-scale aspect of the problem comes from the coexistence of two energy scales that are required to describe the different ion populations. A multiscale analysis of the Fokker-Planck operator leads to an original and efficient strategy to solve the kinetic modeling of ICF target combustion
Panunzio, Alfonso. "Influence des irrégularités de la voie sur la fatigue du rail." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLC016/document.
Full textThe dynamical response of a train rolling on a real track depends on several parameters. Most of them cannot be accurately identified and have to be considered as uncertain. The aim of this thesis is the construction of a probabilistic model of the rail fatigue life considering the track geometry and the rail wear as random fields modelled with the Karhunen-Loève expansion. This latter requires the modal decomposition of the covariance operator. This step can be very expensive if the domain if much larger than the correlation length. To deal with this issue, an adaptation of the KLE, consisting in splitting the domain in sub-domains where this modal decomposition and the sample generation can be comfortably computed, is proposed. A correlation between the KLE coefficients of each sub-domain is imposed to ensure the desired correlation structure. The multivariate distributions of the random projection coefficients are characterized using a Polynomial Chaos Expansion (PCE) calibrated on measurements data of the track irregularities. The curve radius, the rail age and the train operational velocity introduce nonstationary effects that have to be taken into account to model the track. A validation of the random models is therefore performed using a set of measurements of the wheel-rail contact forces.A global sensitivity analysis is performed on some dynamical quantities of interest in order to quantify the impact of the random fields on the vehicle dynamics and the rail fatigue initiation. Since this step is computationally expensive, a PCE-based meta-modelling technique is employed to estimate the fatigue index
Gallegos, Mayorga Linamaría. "Contribution à la compréhension du comportement mécanique des assemblages rivetés anciens." Thesis, Brest, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BRES0038/document.
Full textNumerous metallic bridges can be found in the French railway heritage. Since a majority of these structures was built during the second half of the 19th century, they have been in service for over a hundred years and need an adapted maintenance policy.These doctoral thesis, done in collaboration with SNCF Réseau, improves the understanding of the mechanical behaviour of hot riveted assemblies under monotonic and cyclic loadings. An experimental strategy was proposed and carried out in order to identify the failure mechanisms of riveted assemblies. First, the studied material, a puddled iron, was obtained from recovered elements from the bridge over the Adour river in Bayonne (1864-2013). Mechanical testing and characterisation was performed under monotonic and cyclic loadings. Puddled iron’s brittle, anisotropic and scattered behaviour was observed and analysed. In-house software applications were developed in order to study this kind of material. Additionally, hot riveted specimens (constructional details) were designed, manufactured and tested under monotonic and cyclic loadings. A precise working (and failure) scenario of the double shear mono-rivet assembly was identified. The influence of the material’s behaviour, stress concentrators, shearing of the rivet and clamping force of the rivet were studied. The results obtained during these research works, compared to the ones found in academic literature as well as construction norms for metallic structures, showed the importance and complementarity of a multi-scale approach (material behaviour and local study of assemblies) in order to understand and assess the behaviour of ancient riveted structures
Refai, Khalil. "Effet de la méso-architecture sur le comportement en fatigue des structures lattices optimisées obtenues par fabrication additive." Thesis, Paris, HESAM, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020HESAE028.
Full textA numerical approach is proposed to assess the high cycle fatigue strength of periodic cellular structures produced by SLM under multiaxial loads. The model is based on a general numerical homogenisation scheme and an explicit description of the Elementary Cell combined to an extreme values analysis making use of a fatigue indicator parameter based on Crossland’s criterion. Also, geometric discrepancy and surface roughness are experimentally characterised and considered in the numerical model using three methods which are compared to the experimental fatigue strength. Topology optimisation (TO) pushes the boundaries of design freedom even further. In our study, Topology Optimisation was developed to prevent fatigue failure using SIMP method revisited and reformulated within the mathematical framework of Non-Uniform Rational BSpline functions
Allou, Fatima. "Un modèle élastoplastique pour la modélisation de l’orniérage des chaussées à faible trafic." Limoges, 2006. https://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/93d6406d-717a-455f-a660-0ad854f7bc9c/blobholder:0/2006LIMO0067.pdf.
Full textRutting, due to permanent deformations of unbound materials, is one of the principal damage modes for low traffic pavements. The flexible pavement design methods remain empirical. These mechanistic methods do not characterize the inelastic behaviour of these materials (only linear elasticity is used as mechanical model) and do not predict the rutting under large loading cycles number. A simplified method, based on the concept of the shakedown theory developed by Zarka for metallic structures under cyclic loadings, to estimate the permanent deformations of unbound granular materials (UGM) subjected to traffic loading has been developed and presented in the framework of this study. The mechanical initial states of granular layers are taken into account with an anisotropic hyperelastic model and the calculation of the rut depth evolution with time is carried out. Based on repeated loading triaxial tests, a general procedure has been developed for the determination of the material parameters of the constitutive model. The results of a finite elements modelling of the long-term behaviour of a flexible pavement with the simplified method are presented and compared with the results of the LCPC full scale pavement experiment
Doulgeroglou, Androniki-Anna. "A novel macroelement to assess the vulnerability of reinforced concrete frame stuctures under severe dynamic loadings." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Nantes, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022ECDN0042.
Full textThis thesis has been carried out in collaboration with Ecole Centrale Nantes and Groupe- ESSOR (thèse CIFRE). The main objective is to develop a simplified tool, based on the macroelement concept, beam theory and the Embedded Finite Element Method (E-FEM), to numerically study the vulnerability of Reinforced Concrete (RC) frame structures subjected to severe dynamic loads and their behavior till failure. A 3D finite element model of a RC structural element is first built and suitable constitutive laws are adopted. Numerical simulations, considering various 3D loading combinations of axial, shear and flexural loads, are carried out to identify characteristic states of the beam sectional response.3D interaction diagrams for symmetrically reinforced concrete square sections with various reinforcement ratios are obtained and a simplifiedstress-resultant constitutive model is implemented in a Timoshenko beam finite element. The softening behavior till failure is finally reproduced by coupling the continuous stress-resultant model to a cohesive model, which describes the response in terms of generalized force-generalized displacement jumps, within E-FEM. Comparisons with experimental results show the performance of the novel macroelementthat being simple and computationally fast is suitable for engineering design purposes
Zhang, Jin. "Shakedown of porous materials." Thesis, Lille 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIL1I044/document.
Full textThis thesis is devoted to the determination of shakedown limit states of porous ductile materials based on Melan's static theorem by considering the hollow sphere model, analytically and numerically. First of all, we determine the analytical macroscopic shakedown criterion of the considered unit cell with von Mises matrix under alternating and pulsating special loading cases. The proposed macroscopic analytical criterion depends on the first and second macroscopic stresses invariants, the sign of the third one and Poisson's ratio. Then, the procedure is extended to the general cyclically repeated loads by the construction of a more appropriate trial residual stress field allowing analytical computations and the improvement of the previous model simultaneously. Moreover, this approach is applied to porous materials with dilatant Drucker-Prager matrix.The idea relies firstly on the exact solution for the pure hydrostatic loading condition. It turns out that the collapse occurs by fatigue. Next, suitable trial stress fields are built with additional terms to capture the shear effects. The safety domain, defined by the intersection of the shakedown limit domain and the limit analysis domain corresponding to the sudden collapse by development of a mechanism at the first cycle, is fully compared with step-by-step incremental elastic-plastic simulations and simplified direct computations. At last, we provide a direct numerical method to predict the shakedown safety domain of porous materials subjected to multi-varying independent loadings by considering the critical loading path of the load domain instead of the whole history. The shakedown problem is transformed into a large-size optimization problem, which can be solved efficiently by the non-linear optimizer IPOPT to give out not only the limit load factor, but also the corresponding residual stress field for the shakedown state
Sagnol, Loba. "Experimental and analytical study of the reinforcement of pavements by glass fibre grids." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017STRAD042.
Full textThis PhD-study evaluates the impact of glass fibre grids, used to reinforced asphalt structures, on the bonding between two asphalt layers, the fatigue life and the stiffness modulus of reinforced cylindrical specimens as well as on the deflections measured on a reinforced in-situ road section. Shear tests (LEUTNER) as well as modulus-tests and fatigue-tests (ITT) were conducted on reinforced and unreinforced specimens, using different grids, different emulsions and different emulsion quantities. For this tests, an outdoor test-surface was constructed, from which the specimens were extracted. A in-situ road test section was also constructed, reinforced with 3 different grids and having two reference sections. The deflections of the road were determined before and after the construction works. A modelisation of the structure, based on the deflection measurements, was made
Kagho, Gouadjio Nadia Christiana. "Étude de la vulnérabilité et de la robustesse des ouvrages." Thesis, Paris Est, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PEST1003/document.
Full textStructural robustness is associated with several definitions depending on context. In the field of structural engineering, the Eurocodes define structural robustness as “the ability of a structure to withstand events like fire, explosions, impact or the consequences of human error, without being damaged to an extent disproportionate to the original cause”. Such a definition clearly involves concepts of local and global failures. This PhD work proposes a methodology to quantify structural robustness in a probabilistic way and to assess the impact of local failures on global failures. The main objective of this PhD is to quantify the gap between local and global failures by introducing several robustness indices proposed for undamaged and damaged structures. To qualify and quantify the relationships between the performance of the different structural components and the overall structural performance, it is necessary to introduce a system-level analysis which simultaneously considers concepts of local failure modes and global failure events. An inner approach is introduced to determine significant failure sequences and to characterize stochastically dominant failure paths identified by using branch-and-bound, β-unzipping, and mixed β-unzipping with bounding methods. These methods enable to determine significant failure paths with reasonable computational times. In particular, the path with the largest probability of occurrence is considered as the reference failure path. An outer approach is also proposed which identifies global failure without using an event-tree search (and, consequently, without analyzing the order in the failure sequence). This concept characterizes an overall and simultaneous failure of different components without determining the chronology in the failure event. In both cases, the goal is to provide a general and widely applicable framework for qualifying and quantifying the robustness level of new and existing structures through the introduction of methodologies and indices
Lambert, Sylvain. "Contribution à l'analyse de l'endommagement par fatigue et au dimensionnement de structures soumises à des vibrations aléatoires." Phd thesis, INSA de Rouen, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00560885.
Full textSahlaoui, Ramzi. "Panneaux en maçonnerie renforcés à l'aide de matériaux composites : approche de type calcul à la rupture et étude expérimentale." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2011. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00672356.
Full textBrach, Stella. "Strength properties of nanoporous materials : theoretical analyses and molecular dynamics computations." Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066618.
Full textThe main objectif of the thesis consisted in investigating strength properties of nanoporous materials by means of theoretical and numerical approaches. In the framework of homogenization methods, novel macroscopic strength criteria have been established via a non-linear homogenization procedure and a kinematic limit-analysis approach. Resulting yield functions allowed to take into account void-size effects on nanoporous materials strength properties, thereby resulting in a strong enhancement of available estimates. Furthermore, aiming to funish effective benchmarking evidence for the calibration and/or the assessment of theoretical models, molecular-dynamics based computations have been carried out on in-silico single crystals embedding spherical nanovoids, simulation domains undergoing multiaxial strain-rate boundary conditions. With respect to available numerical studies, proposed results clearly showed the influence of all the three isotropic stress invariants on computed material strength surfaces. Finally, with the aim to account for physical indications coming from numerical simulations, a ductile nanoporous material with a general isotropic plastic matrix has been investigated via a limit analysis approach, by referring to a modified version of the bigoni strength criterion. The limit state of a hollow-sphere model undergoing isotropic loadings has been exactly determined. Correspondigly, a novel strength criterion has been analytically established in the case of axysimmetric boundary conditions
Caisso, Camille. "Caractérisation et modélisation de la rupture dans le domaine de la transition ductile-fragile de matériaux tubulaires utilisés dans la fabrication de générateurs de gaz pour airbags." Thesis, Brest, École nationale supérieure de techniques avancées Bretagne, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021ENTA0014.
Full textThis work deals with the characterization of the ductile and brittle failure mechanisms of tubular materials used for the manufacture of airbag gas generators. During a crash, airbag cushion is inflated in a few milliseconds by a gas generator. In case of gas generator failure, a ductile failure mode must be ensured up to temperatures of -60°C. A Charpy ring test has been proposed to quantify the risk of brittle failure of gas generator materials. However, this modification of the Charpy test raises two issues: to what extent does this test allow to characterize the ductile-fragile transition and how can the risk of brittle failure of an operating gas generator be deduced from the results of the Charpy test? To answer these questions, an approach combining experiments and numerical simulations was implemented. Various experimental configurations were developed in order to characterize material behavior and ductile damage. The ductile failure is modeled with a local approach. Then, ductile to brittle transition was characterized by a Charpy ring test campaign performed for temperatures between -160°C and 23°C. A numerical study of this test was carried out. Coupled with the Charpy tests, it allowed to set up a model of the brittle failure. The risk of gas generators brittle failure is finally evaluated. The influence of the manufacturing process on the risk of brittle failure was also studied
Zouaghi, Ahmed. "Modélisation multi-échelle du comportement non linéaire et hétérogène en surface de l'acier AISI H11." Thesis, Ecole nationale des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015EMAC0008/document.
Full textAISI H11 martensitic tool steels are critical mechanical components that behaviour during service is drastically linked to their internal structures and their possible evolution. Their manufacture processes are often at the origin of microstructural changes at the surface, namely the morphology of martensitic laths, the crystallographic orientations, the internal hardening state and the surface profile These aspects can potentially alter the mechanical performance of AISI H11 martensitic steel. In order to get better insight into and optimize its mechanical behaviour, a multi-scale approach involving an experimental investigation and a numerical treatment is taken in this work.The experimental investigation focuses to reproduce, at the laboratory scale, equivalent surfaces to those resulting from tool steels manufacture processes. Specific characterization techniques, namely SEM, EBSD, nanoindentation and altimetry enable to highlight a stereology gradient of the material in surface and sub-surface. The induced local heterogeneities consist in morphology of martensitic laths and crystallographic orientations, internal hardening state and surface profile. In-situ mechanical tests with digital image correlation technique (DIC) are carried out for monotonous quasi-static and tension-tension cyclic loads. An investigation of the local mechanical fields at the surface is thus performed and allows to analyze the localizations schemes of nonlinear strains which are related to stereological artifacts.The numerical treatment is focused on a multi-scale modelling, and more particularly on finite element calculations on virtual microstructures which are generated by Voronoi tesselations. The latters are carried out such that to reproduce martensitic structures and consider a specific orientation relationship between martensitic laths and parent austenitic grains (i.e. Kurdjumov-Sachs) after the heat treatment. The constitutive equations of the (elasto-viscoplastic) crystal plasticity of Méric-Cailletaud are implemented in the finite element code Abaqus in the context of the small strain assumption and the finite strain theory. The formulation of the model in the context of finite strain theory is is given a spatial description where the notion of objective derivative, namely the so called one of Oldroyd or Truesdell, is used in such a way that such formulation is equivalent to a Lagrangian description.The numerical treatment has allowed to qualitatively reproduce the localization patterns at the surface which have been highlighted in the experimental investigation. The influence of the different stereological parameters mentioned above on the local mechanical fields was analyzed. By this approach, it was possible to highlight some elementary mechanisms including interaction and surface effects. Finally, it was found that the inclusion of lattice rotations via the theory of finite strain allows to release certain areas of mechanical fields localization that are related to stereological artifacts