Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Constructions scolaires – Chauffage et ventilation'
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Kanama, Najwa. "Prise en compte de l’environnement urbain sur le choix et le dimensionnement des systèmes de ventilation dans les logements : Impact des transferts de pollution de l’extérieur vers l’intérieur du bâtiment." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Chambéry, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024CHAMA004.
Full textTo ensure good indoor air quality, ventilation usually dilutes pollutants. However, for buildings located near sources of pollution, filtration and air purification systems is essential to reduce the transfer of pollutants from the outside to the inside, and also constitute an energy transition lever. interesting to the extent that they allow to limit the losses of energy. Thus, this thesis proposes to study how to model the transfers of air from the outside to the inside of a building, taking into account its local external environment, and in particular the meteorology as well as the levels of external pollution, in order to evaluate the ability of different ventilation, filtration and air cleaning systems to ensure healthy indoor air. This PhD thesis will take place in two different types of environments: one is residential buildings, including two studies on single low-energy house and multifamily social retrofit buildings. The second environment studied is renovated school classrooms. The study on a low-energy house allowed to collect performance indicators for indoor air quality by studying diverse pollutants. This study was characterized by a finer spatial and temporal discretization than the majority of studies and continuous measurements for all the parameters studied, which allowed the study of many performance indicators that allow for a better evaluation of health effects and a better understanding of the transfer of pollutants between rooms and with the outdoor. Then, this thesis will be based on an analysis of unprecedented experimental data collected in 69 renovated social housing units located in Lyon near a tunnel and a high traffic motorway and equipped with various ventilation systems and real-time instrumentation. the quality of the indoor air. It will also include school-based measurements, exploratory sensitivity analysis and a numerical study of building-level performance of various ventilation, filtration and air cleaning processes
Jemni, Abdelmajid. "Analyse énergétique d'une installation industrielle de chauffage solaire." Lyon, INSA, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988ISAL0069.
Full textGarnier, Antoine. "Système expert d'efficacité énergétique et de confort pour le bâtiment." Perpignan, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PERP1243.
Full textFleury, Bernard A. "Mouvement de l'air dans une cavité : influence des conditions limites thermiques et aérauliques." Nice, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988NICE4237.
Full textBouzinaoui, Abdelhakim. "Panache développé au-dessus d'une source thermique : stratification du milieu environnant en enceinte ventilée." Nancy 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004NAN10012.
Full textWithin the industrial framework of displacement ventilation, the report presents the experimental study of the development of a thermal plume in a confined ventilated surrounding. The experiments were carried out using in an aeraulic test room (4,84́,25́,6m3) by thermocouple probes. The used heat source is a 1,54m-diameter disc, heated at 200 ʿC. The qualification of the test facility makes it possible to know the optimal operation parameters and to evaluate the relative budget of convective and radiative exchanges in the chamber. For high supply flow rates, the plume is compatible with that developed in infinite medium. The simultaneous use of 16 thermocouples makes it possible to characterize the thermal structures which are present in the plume. For lower supply flow rates, a temperature stratification appears in the chamber. Its interface has a considerable thickness and its position is at the height which corresponds to the maximum of the temperature fluctuations standard deviations. The evolution of the interface position is studied for various experimental conditions. In the light of the experimental results, it possible to consolidate laws already obtained in zones close and remote of the source. They also result in proposing a law of transition between these two zones
Caccavelli, Dominique. "Modélisation du comportement thermique des bâtiments multizones." Lyon, INSA, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988ISAL0063.
Full textKwiatkowski, jerzy. "Moisture in buildings air-envelope interaction." Lyon, INSA, 2009. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2009ISAL0012/these.pdf.
Full textThe aim of this thesis was to study the mass exchange between indoor air and material. The influence of several factors on moisture transfer has been verified. Also the convective mass transfer dependency on the relative humidity condition and position of the material has been checked. Finally, a new module with the sorption hysteresis model, Humi-mur, for calculations of mass flow exchanged between indoor air and material has been developed, validated and integrated into the whole building simulation tool TRNSYS. This powerful tool was used to simulate a realistic room under real climatic conditions. The tests on mass uptake have shown that the rate of mass uptake depends not only on the material and coatings but also, some relationships between mass flux and air movement and temperature have been found. The experiment on water evaporation from a free liquid surface showed that the convective mass transfer coefficient depends on the driving potential value. It was presented that for the smaller difference in the relative humidity the transport coefficient is smaller. The measurements of the convective mass transfer coefficient from a thin hygroscopic material showed that the value of the coefficient depends not only on the difference in the driving potential but also on the level of the driving potential. For the same difference the convective transport coefficient has lower values for a lower level of relative humidity. It was also shown that the convective mass transfer coefficient has lower values for samples in a vertical position than in a horizontal position. Finally, the practical use of the Humi-mur model has been presented. The results show that moisture buffering materials can improve perceived indoor air quality and prevent microbiological growth at the surface of the building envelope. It was also pointed out that neglecting the effect of sorption hysteresis on moisture flux can lead to errors in calculations
Guernouti, Sihem. "Méthode d'analyse du comportement thermo-aéraulique des bâtiments pour la construction de modèles zonaux adaptatifs." Nantes, 2008. http://portaildocumentaire.citechaillot.fr/search.aspx?SC=theses&QUERY=Rachel+thomas#/Detail/%28query:%28Id:%270_OFFSET_0%27,Index:1,NBResults:1,PageRange:3,SearchQuery:%28CloudTerms:!%28%29,ForceSearch:!t,Page:0,PageRange:3,QueryString:Sihem,ResultSize:10,ScenarioCode:theses,ScenarioDisplayMode:display-standard,SearchLabel:%27%27,SearchTerms:Sihem,SortField:!n,SortOrder:0,TemplateParams:%28Scenario:%27%27,Scope:%27%27,Size:!n,Source:%27%27,Support:%27%27%29%29%29%29.
Full textIn order to design HVAC systems and to predict their performances in term of thermal comfort and indoor air quality, the estimation of airflows details and heat transfers within the buildings zones represents an important stake. Zonal models are based on dividing the considered room into a small number of sub-zones. They can appreciate the heterogeneity of the thermal and aerodynamic characteristics of an air space with moderate computing times. These models represent a good compromise between simplicity of models and quantity of data useful in order to contribute to the qualification of environments. If much progress is made to automate the zonal models construction from an air space partitioning and a choice of the models to be used, these two tasks are still spring of the user whereas they require an important modelling expertise and experimentation in the building. There remains an important work to make in order to minimize the user’s intervention. In this research, we propose an automatic generator of zonal models that make it possible to free the user from the choice of the specific flows models present in a room and her partitioning. The dynamic simulation tool called “O-Zone” is based on an advanced formulation of zonal models. It uses on a new way of sub-dividing the room which allows us to obtain a partitioning based on airflow patterns. The selected method for partitioning is the Octree method. It is a hierarchical representation of the space which is based on the successive and recursive subdivision of a cube in eight smaller cubes
Smith, Schneider Paulo. "Comportement thermo-aéraulique des bâtiments : : stratégies de résolution du problème couplé." Lyon, INSA, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994ISAL0095.
Full textThe starting point of this work is the knowledge and the analysis of the different strategies of resolving the Air Flow-Thermal sets of equations applied to building physics. The question we were faced to was: which is the best strategy of resolution to a specific problem? In order to tr to answer this question we developped COBRA. Many case studies were created to observe the answers of the strategies face to different situations. The analysis of the simulations allowed us to propose an expert use of the strategies, where the main points were the computational efforts needed to build up the routines, the dimensions of the resulting equation sets , the manegent of some numerical parameters, the compatibility with other simulation softwares and the quality of the results
Blaise, Jérôme. "Influence de la géométrie d’une source thermique sur le développement du panache." Thesis, Nancy 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008NAN10004/document.
Full textMany industrial processes use or generate hot sources: furnaces, surface treatment, welding... the releases of heat are generally accompanied by a dispersion of pollutants in the workshop. Thus, the characterization of the plumes of natural convection of the thermal sources is necessary to the dimensioning of the installations of ventilation (exhaust system localised or general ventilation by air volume displacement) for the cleansing of environments of work. I.N.R.S developed an experimental method to characterize in real-scale the plume of thermal sources of simple geometry. A test bench was realised and instrumented for this purpose. It consists of an aeraulic cell whose dimensions are 4,2 m x 4,8 m x 5,6 m equipped with a power station of treatment of air and with a system of ventilation allowing a vertical displacement of flows of air. The cell is equipped with a robot of three-dimensional displacement allowing the positioning of speed and temperature sensors in any point of volume. The carried out experiments study the influence of the geometry of the source on the laws of development of plume starting from measurements of fields of temperature and speed. For the same convective thermal power, the geometry of the sources will be varied to identify its multitude on the development of the plume. A cylindrical source made up of five elements of identical surfaces (4 superimposed identical cylinders and a higher disc) controlled independently in temperature will make it possible to undertake parametric studies on three-dimensional sources. In a similar way a flexible rectangular source will be used
Khodr-Mneimne, Hala. "Transferts thermo-aérauliques entre pièces à travers les grandes ouvertures." Nice, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990NICE4434.
Full textMusy, Marjorie. "Génération automatique de modèles zonaux pour l'étude du comportement thermo-aéraulique des bâtiments." Phd thesis, Université de La Rochelle, 1999. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00492772.
Full textTourreilles, Céline. "Qualification énergétique et sanitaire des systèmes d'épuration intégrés aux réseaux de ventilation." Thesis, La Rochelle, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LAROS012/document.
Full textIndoor air quality in low-energy buildings has become these recent years an important topic with the rigorous performance expectations in terms of envelope airtightness and energy consumption set by the RT2012 thermal building code. One possible solution to conciliate indoor air quality and energy performance is to integrate air-cleaning systems in the building ventilation system. Because of the lack of scientific results regarding the suitability of those systems to solve this problematic, an investigation using numerical simulation has been conducted in the present work. This choice led to the development of a numerical tool that resolves in a coupled way, the heat and mass transfers, considering a multi-pollutant representation at the scale of the building/rooms. This tool was developed in the Dymola environment, using the Modelica programming language. Several experiments were also performed in the present work to acquire complementary data about the sorption of gaseous pollutants by indoor covering materials and about the cleaning effectiveness and energy consumption of six air-cleaning systems. To illustrate the capabilities of the numerical tool, simulations have been performed for an office building zone. The building has been located in two climatic zones and submitted to two levels of outdoor pollution, for a whole year. Three of the tested solutions that have shown the best air-cleaning performances in the experimental phase have been simulated under various operating conditions. Two cases of higher amount of fresh air, i.e. without any air-cleaning system, have been also included to the study. One index has then been defined to compare the performance of the different solutions considering both the exposure reduction to eight pollutants and the induced energy consumption. The results obtained in the present study confirm the adequacy of the proposed methodology. In particular, the importance of evaluating the solutions in their real context and not simply relying on their intrinsic performances to judge their performances when applied to indoor environments has been demonstrated. Another important issue is the need to conduct experimental characterizations of sorption processes and air-cleaning system under environmental conditions representative of real indoor spaces, i.e. low pollutant concentration and adequate air temperature, humidity and velocity. Future developments needed to improve the capabilities of the numerical tool are presented in conclusion as well as some important issues that would need a careful attention for further works in the domain
Greffet, Rémy. "Études expérimentale et numérique des performances énergétiques d'une fenêtre pariétodynamique." Thesis, La Rochelle, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LAROS020/document.
Full textThe massive use of fossil energies is largely responsible for greenhouse gas emissions. Moreover, the growth in energy demand and the depletion of fossil resources lead to an increase in energy costs. The response to this challenge requires two means of action which are linked : the reduction of energy consumption and the use of renewable energy. The airflow window acts on the two main ways of building heat losses that are windows and the ventilation. The principle of the studied airflow window is based on the circulation of fresh air, by forced convection, between the three glasses of the window before entering the building. This allows air to recover both a part of heat losses through the window and part of the solar energy absorbed by the glasses. To study the thermo-aeraulic behavior and thermal performances of the window, we have developed a numerical model of the studied airflow window. An experimental set up was used to validate the numerical model and compare, in real conditions, the studied window performances to the ones of a conventional double-glazed window. These experimental results were complemented by a numerical parametric study for different climatic and operating conditions.The main information from these experimental and numerical studies are that the preheating of the air takes place essentially in the inner air gap, temperature in the first air layer remaining close to the outdoor one. In addition, unlike the temperatures of the inside face and of the blown air, the outer face temperature of the window is not greatly affected by the studied parameters. On the window frame, we found that it also benefits of heat exchanges with the circulating air, but to a lesser extent. This makes the window energy efficient. Finally, by coupling the developed model to a thermal building simulation software, we evaluated the airflow windows integration potential in a house. We thus demonstrated that the heat load is reduced by about 20 to 30% by the use of airflow windows instead of conventional double-glazed windows. Moreover, in summer, when indoor is cooler than outdoor, we pointed out that the airflow window cools the incoming fresh air
Tran, Dinh Trinh. "Identification des sources et modélisation du comportement dynamique des particules dans l’air intérieur des écoles." Thesis, Lille 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LIL10015/document.
Full textDuring this thesis, we chemically characterized (metals, EC, OC) then studied the sources and the fate of airborne particles (PM10, PM2,5, PM1) in indoor air. Another part of this work concerns the modelization of their behavior in class-rooms of primary schools in the Nord Pas de Calais region. These PM10 values largely and almost systematically exceed (average value for eight schools: 97 ± 28μg/m3) the daily limit values (50μg/m3) for indoor air (WHO and ANSES recommendations). The only elements Al, Ba, Ca and Fe clearly associated to an indoor source are linked to the use of chalk. Although there is a significant amount of particles of outdoor origins found in class-rooms (such as traffic, industrial or natural sources), pupils’ physical activities represent the major source of airborne PM10 in indoor air. The resuspension phenomenon doesn’t influence significantly the elemental (major and traces elements) distribution of the indoor PM10.The modelization of the evolution of indoor PM10 is clearly influenced by the activities of the pupils in class-rooms, requiring taking into account the resuspension phenomena. In addition, the behavior of particles is associated to their size distribution as well as the intrinsic characteristics of the building envelope which control the indoor-outdoor air exchange.The deterministic model developed in this work will allow easily simulating the evolution of particle concentrations according to their size distribution in class-rooms
Munos, Christian. "Recherche d'une doctrine pour la réhabilitation de l'habitat existant par analyse multicritère : étude d'un cas en secteur locatif social." Montpellier 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989MON20180.
Full textLapisa, Remon. "Étude du rafraîchissement passif de bâtiments commerciaux ou industriels." Thesis, La Rochelle, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LAROS031/document.
Full textCommercial and industrial buildings represent a significant part of total energy demand. The objective of this thesis is to study the thermal behavior and airflows of commercial or industrial buildings (low-rise and large volume) by numerical simulations, to improve their thermal performance in order to reduce their energy consumption while maintaining thermal comfort of the occupants. The first part of this study consists in identifying and evaluating the keys factors that affect the energy demand and thermal comfort of these buildings. Using the developed models (multizone and zonal), we present the impact of the most important parameters (building orientation, thermal insulation, radiative properties of the roof, soil, internal thermal inertia, air diffusion…) on energy consumption and thermal comfort. We have identified here that the main influencing parameters can be found in the design of the roof and the ground floor considering the energy performance of the studied building. The developed model is then applied to a real commercial building. Results showed that the predictions are in good agreement with the measurements and that night-time natural ventilation can be an efficient passive cooling technique to avoid overheating in summer. In the second part, we evaluate the efficiency of different passive cooling techniques (thermal insulation, night-time natural ventilation, cool roof…) applied to ensure the thermal comfort in winter as well as in summer while minimizing the energy consumption. Finally, an optimization study is proposed to determine the optimal set of parameters for both objective functions considering the passive cooling techniques and the energy demand according to different climatic zones
Zabada, Shaker. "Analysis of heating expenditure in social housing : application of economic provisional models." Thesis, Lille 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIL10181/document.
Full textThe research conducted in this doctoral thesis concerns a major socio-economic issue, that of the heating consumption in social housing. It aims at understanding the influence of both building characteristics as well as socio-economic indicators on the heating consumption in this sector and the development of numerical models for the prediction of this consumption. The research is based on data provided by Lille Métropole Habitat, who is in charge of the management of a large social housing stock in Lille Metropolis. The thesis includes four parts. The first part presents a literature review which covers the social housing in Europe, in particular in France, the factors affecting the energy consumption in social housing, and policies proposed for the energy saving in this sector. The second part presents the data used in this work that are provided by LMH. The data concern a large social housing stock in Lille Metropolis (North of France). They include heating expenses as well as the buildings characteristics and some socio-economic indicators on the tenants. The third part presents analysis of the influence of both building characteristics (age, DPE, dwellings’ area, number of floors) and socio-economic parameters (tenants’ age, marital status and income) on the heating consumption. The last part presents the elaboration of prediction models for the heating expenses in the LMH housing stock and the use of these models to analyze the investment policy in the renovation of this stock. Two methods are used: the classical Ordinary Least Squares method (OLS) and the Artificial Neural Networks
Khabbaz, Mohamed. "Contribution à l'étude d'un échangeur de chaleur air-sol (puits canadien) pour le rafraîchissement de l'air sous le climat chaud et semi-aride de Marrakech." Thesis, La Rochelle, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LAROS028/document.
Full textThe low energy buildings tendency has become a major worldwide key to minimize energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions issues. In Morocco, the building sector represents 25% of the total final energy consumption, whereas 18% is dedicated for residential and 7% for the tertiary sector (ADEREE 2011). The integration of passive or semi-passive for cooling/heating purposes into buildings is an essential act for reducing energy consumption while improving thermal comfort. One of these systems is the Earth to Air Heat Exchanger (EAHX). Its principle to use the ground-coupled heat exchanger for cooling is well established, but the behavior of such a system depends on the climate and the soil, which influences the choice of design parameters of this system. We performed a numerical and experimental study on the thermal performance of an Earth to air heat exchanger installed in a villa type house in the suburbs of Marrakech. A monitoring survey was conducted during the summer period of 2013, to acquire temperature and humidity measurements for 39 days. The results show that the earth to air heat exchanger is a system more adapted to refresh the air in buildings in Marrakech, as it provides a quasi constant air temperature of approximately 22°C for flow 244 m3/h and 25°C for flow of 312 m3/h, with relative humidity that is around 50% when the outside temperature exceeds 40°C. The mathematical model chosen and the associated simulation tool used is Type 460 operating under the TRNSYS commercial software, analyzed and validated by comparison with experimental results. This comparison showed excellent agreement, with an average absolute difference between the measurement and simulation that is always lower than 0.5°C and 0.2°C as it decreases at the output of the buried pipe. On the other hand, dynamic simulations of the EAHX using TRNSYS software (TYPE 460) were performed with one pipe or three pipes continuously running. The achieving specific cooling capacity is 58 W/m2 (one pipe) and 55 W/m2 (three pipes) obtained for air temperatures of 25 °C and 26 °C respectively, at the EAHX outlet and 44.6 °C at its inlet. A sensitivity analysis, using the method of Sobol, of the thermal performance of the earth air heat exchanger (EAHX) in the hot season (May-September) has identified the most influential parameters. Thereafter, a complete parametric study on the total sensible energy lost through the air when in passing through the air-ground heat exchanger is made based on the most influential parameters determined previously
Pflug, Thibault. "Development, characterization and evaluation of switchable façade elements." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAD017/document.
Full textImportant thermal insulation levels can prevent the building to cool down during the cooling period, when the external conditions are favorable. In this thesis, the concept of switchable insulation is developed: during the cooling period, the insulation can be deactivated during the night to let the heat flow out. During the heating period, the switchable insulation can be deactivated whenever solar gains can be used. In this thesis the potential of switchable insulation for an European continental climate and for office buildings is investigated. Also, two new concepts of switchable insulation are introduced, developed and characterized experimentally. A detailed thermal model has been introduced, validated and used for a parametric analysis. The potential of switchable insulation is investigated on a building level, showing that important reductions of the heating and cooling load as well as summer discomfort hours can be achieved. Several control strategies have been developed, introduced and compared. The influence of thermal mass was also investigated, as well as the influence of the orientation or the elements’ frame
Ferroukhi, Mohammed Yacine. "Modélisation des transferts thermo-hydro-aérauliques dans les enveloppes de bâtiments : évaluation des désordres causés par l'humidité." Thesis, La Rochelle, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LAROS027/document.
Full textThe present PhD thesis work is conducted in the framework of the National Program ANR HUMIBATex Project « How to predict the disorders caused by moisture? What technical solutions to renovate the existing buildings? ». It deals with the numerical and experimental modeling of a coupled heat, air and moisture transfers at different scales: material, envelope and building ambience. In the theoretical part, based on expression of heat and moisture (vapor, liquid and air) balances equations, a phenomenological model describing the coupled heat, air and moisture transfer (HAM) through the wall has been developed. After validation stage (comparison with experimental results and analytical solution), the model has been implemented with confidence in a building energy simulation code (BES). Using this HAM-BES dynamic co-simulation tool, the hygrothermal behavior of the wall and indoor air of buildings were predicted finely. Two cases studies have been undertaken. The aim of the first one was to highlight the impact of hydrothermal transfers on the prediction of building energy consumption. However, the second case study was devoted to study efficiency of different ventilation strategies (extracting or insufflation) on the control and reduction of disorders caused by moisture in residential buildings. In the experimental part, a characterization campaign of physical, hydric and thermophysical properties of construction materials has been carried out. This experimental campaign has been focused on analyzing of the impact of thermal and hydric state of the construction material on the hygrothermal properties values. In another work, several experimental devices, at small-scale and wall scale, were designed in the laboratory to study the hygrothermal response of different building envelopes configuration and validate the developed HAM-BES dynamic co-simulation platform. Results of confrontation have showed good agreement between the numerical solution and experimental measurements.The obtained results in the framework of this PhD thesis have highlighted the influence of a detailed modeling of coupled heat air and moisture transfer through the wall on the hygrothermal behavior prediction of the indoor air, on assessment of pathology indicators and on the evaluation of the buildings energy loads