Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Constructions – Environnement'
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Mandallena, Céline. "Elaboration et application d'une méthode d'évaluation et d'amélioration de la qualité environnementale de bâtiments tertiaires en exploitation." Bordeaux 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006BOR13207.
Full textDubois, Courau Anne-marie. "Éléments de spécification d'un environnement avancé de modélisation et simulation : application à la thermique du bâtiment." Nice, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990NICE4437.
Full textHo, Nhat-Quang. "Endommagements de composites carbone-époxy induits par la thermo-oxydation de la matrice en présence de contraintes mécaniques." Poitiers, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006POIT2294.
Full textThis study contributes to the understanding of the damage mechanisms of CFRP laminates subjected to thermo-mechanical stresses in oxidative environment. When these materials are submitted to thermo-mechanical loadings at high temperatures (100°C - 150°C), the presence of oxygen enhances the initiation of surface matrix cracks and accelerates their propagation towards the laminate core, thus leading to a catastrophic damage state. An experimental procedure has been performed in order to dissociate the different damage mechanisms. The analysis of the experimental results, associated with a finite element calculation of the free edge stresses, has led us to propose a damage scenario taking into account coupling between stresses and oxidation for a cross-ply laminated structure subjected to thermal cycling in oxygen environment. In a second part, we study more precisely the changes induced by oxidation in the material properties of neat epoxy matrix. We have shown that oxidation, via an internal anti-plasticization effect, leads to an increase in the indentation elastic modulus, a decrease in the damping capacity and in the glass transition temperature. In addition, it was found that there exists a correlation between the values of the elastic modulus of oxidized material and the concentration of the oxidation products predicted by a kinetic model of oxidation (diffusion - reaction). This phenomenological correlation enables to carry out a coupled "oxido-elastic" calculation in order to determine the stress field generated by the presence of an oxidized layer in a resin structure
Capellini, carvalho de oliveira Nathalia. "Historiciser les barrages en Amazonie brésilienne : environnement, conflit et politique dans la planification et construction de Tucuruí (1960-1985)." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLV086.
Full textThis thesis focuses on the planning and construction of the Tucuruí dam on the Tocantins River in the state of Pará, Brazil. The Tucuruí dam was one of the large public works of the military dictatorship that ruled Brazil between 1964 and 1985 and was part of the geopolitical strategy of this regime for the Amazon region. The present work highlights the relationship between State and resources in the Amazon from a historical perspective. It focuses on how a political project –in this case, the military one – embodies a process of material transformation of space through the implementation of infrastructures. It also shows how infrastructure, a hydroelectric, can materialize a particular political vision. However, if the military dictatorship was a pivotal moment when dams are finally established in the Amazon, this thesis shows that these infrastructures are part of a long history of river management in the region. In this longer perspective, relations between the central State and the regional elites, as well as the dynamics of capital concerning Amazonian resources appear to be central.By relying on a multiplicity of sources – from the gray literature produced by the State, through the archives of the repression, and the textual production of social movements– this study reflects on the Tucuruí experience as a nodal point in the modification of Amazonian rivers and also on the planned State action for the region. As the construction progressed as the first large dam in the world built in a rainforest, it triggered a strong opposition because of ecological uncertainties, social injustices and political controversies surrounding its implementation. This process takes place and is created in a setting where multiple temporalities and scales intersect in the production of the Amazon as subject to state control, capitalist interests, economic and technical rationalities, symbolic imaginaries, geopolitical issues, social movements, but also biophysical and hydrological processes. Finally, it is a reflection on the place of Tucuruí in the legacy of the military dictatorship in the Amazon, as a model for major developments operated in the region thereafter
Hoxha, Endrit. "Amélioration de la fiabilité des évaluations environnementales des bâtiments." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris Est, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PEST1054.
Full textThe work of this thesis focused on the improvement of the reliability of environmental assessments of buildings by a better control of the origin and amplitude of uncertainties. This thesis has permitted:-The development of a methodology for evaluating the uncertainties in the LCA of building;-The construction and enrichment of a database capitalizing uncertainties in material and product scale used in support of the assessment of building's uncertainties;-Development of a contribution and sensitivity analysis, which allowed the identification of key parameters influencing on the LCA results and in the robustness of study;-The development of a methodology for robust comparisons of projects based on contribution analysis and sensitivity analysis.-Identification of optimal environmental dimensions of reinforcing concrete structures. This study also identified the evolution of environmental impacts on function of building's dimensions. The methodologies used are suitable to developers of LCA software to enhance the functionality of using comparisons of projects (this work can be implemented in the ELODIE software).The results can be used by architects, civil engineers, thermal engineers, statisticians, environment and life cycle Engineers, enabling the identification of the most impacting contributors and those influencing most the outcome's uncertainties
Tual, Cécile. "La littérature des Appalaches : polyphonie des constructions identitaires chez Mary Lee Settle, Lee Smith et Denise Giardina." Thesis, Rennes 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012REN20057.
Full textThe aim of this research is to look into the invention of Appalachia as a « strange and peculiar » region. Nineteenth-century « local color » writers contributed to etching the oxymoronic image of the Appalachian as – the good savage, but mostly as the degenerate hillbilly – in the national consciousness. Starting in the interwar period, then in the late 1960s during the « Appalachian Renaissance », native writers rose up to reject this prescribed identity, among whom Mary Lee Settle, Lee Smith and Denise Giardina. These three singular voices belong to rebel women united in a common fight: using a postcolonial approach, they have revisited the regional history to shatter century-old essentialist representations and to denounce the MTR devastation caused by the coalmining industry in the Appalachian Mountains
Moreno, Sierra Andres. "Intégration des aspects énergétiques dans la conception du projet architectural : une approche méthodologique." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bordeaux 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR14749.
Full textAccording to the French energy efficiency target for 2020, the building industry is moving towards "positive energy". These new challenges require the integration of new components to architectural and technical aspects, as well as a break in the methods of design and evaluation of the project. But the research for energy efficiency depends of digital measurement instruments which are not adapted to the design process of architects, which results in the difficulty of consistency between architectural and energy performance targets.The objective of this work is to analyze the complexity of integrating energy issues in the design process, to propose a methodological approach which optimizes energy efficiency. To address these issues, we propose to analyze and reconstruct the design process from a methodological point of view, later to study the optimization of energy performance using digital tools.The study of the design process shows the impact of the energy component and its important role in the early stages of the design process. The methodological analysis of energy issues shows the interrelation between general principles and design decisions. The formulation of a design strategy using a methodological tool allows us to propose an approach for optimizing the energy performance based on the morphological structure of the building.This approach opens new methodological perspectives in the design of positive energy buildings. The complexity of the relationship between energy, the morphology of buildings and the use of digital tools would be changing the design process in architecture and the future organization of urban complexes
De acuerdo con los objetivos de eficiencia energética para el año 2020 en Francia, la industria de la construcción se dirige hacia las construcciones de "energía positiva". Estos nuevos desafíos exigen la integración de nuevos componentes a los aspectos arquitectónicos y técnicos del proyecto, así como una ruptura en sus métodos de diseño y evaluación. Pero la optimización de la eficiencia energética depende del uso de herramientas digitales de medición que usualmente no se encuentran adaptadas al proceso de diseño arquitectónico, lo que dificulta la coordinación entre el proyecto arquitectónico y los aspectos energéticos.El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar la complejidad de la integración de la componente energética en el proceso de diseño, proponiendo un enfoque que permita optimizar la eficiencia energética. Para estudiar este tema, se propone analizar y reconstruir el proceso de diseño del arquitecto desde un punto de vista metodológico, para abordar posteriormente la problemática de la optimización de la eficiencia energética a través de herramientas digitales.El estudio del proceso de diseño muestra el impacto de la energía y su importancia de las primeras etapas del proceso de diseño. El análisis metodológico de los aspectos energéticos muestra la interrelación entre los temas principales y las decisiones de diseño. La formulación de una estrategia de diseño utilizando una herramienta metodológica permite proponer un enfoque para la optimización de la eficiencia energética basado en la estructura morfológica del edificio.Este enfoque abre nuevas perspectivas metodológicas en el diseño de edificios de energía positiva. La complejidad de las relaciones entre la energía, la morfología de los edificios y el uso de herramientas digitales estarían cambiando el proceso de diseño y la organización futura de los complejos urbanos
Pancrazio, Lionel. "Parcours résidentiel et transition urbaines à la durabilité : le nœud gordien des coûts de constructions dans le cas de l'immobilier durable. Ou des technologies numériques nécessaire à l'évolution de la chaine de valeur de l'immobilier vers la durabilité." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Reims, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018REIML011.
Full textTitle: Human living and urban transitions to sustainability: the Gordian knot of construction costs in the case of sustainable real estate or Digital technologies necessary for the evolution of the real estate value chain towards sustainability.While environmental awareness could be widely understood and shared by as many people as possible, emissions of greenhouse gases, pollutants and waste continue to grow. Housing and transportation are the biggest contributors. Sustainable development tends to provide the foundation for a sustainable growth model of our planet, but today remains marginally integrated in strategies applied by people, organizations and policy makers.The fall in state resources is giving rise to the intervention of private groups in the fabric of the city. The production process by the segmentation of the interventions, the complexity, the asymmetry of information and skills and its underlying economic model makes complex the taking into account of a real durability, but a house has a real influence on our potential of becoming.Our living, its place, its form, are important vectors of equity in the sense of social justice and thus of a 'living together'. But sustainable development as practiced by the markets is rare and expensive. We have identified adjustment variables that can make the cost of housing accessible. An evolution of the real estate value chain can lead to a significant reduction in the cost of construction and the price to make housing affordable enough. Sustainability can help support demographics by adapting our lifestyles, while positively contributing to the development of individuals, businesses and institutions through the co-construction of (good) practices, particularly in investments that remain largely to be define
Abakar, Malloum. "Analyse des mécanismes d'endommagement et du comportement vibratoire d'un composite à constituants naturels dans un environnement hydrique." Thesis, Le Mans, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LEMA1020/document.
Full textIn recent decades, polymer composites reinforced with plant fibers have received significant attention from scientists. The use of reinforcing vegetable fibers makes it possible to improve the environmental performance of these materials reaching higher specific properties. Nevertheless, a major lock still hinders the development of these materials. Indeed, their sensitivity to water ageing, due to their hydrophilic nature, restricts their use. In this context, we propose, as part of this thesis, to analyze the effect of water ageing on static and dynamic behavior, to identify and monitoring the damage mechanisms of a sandwich structure biobased and its constituents. The composites used consist of a greenpoxy resin associated with flax fibers and a cork core for sandwich materials. In the first part of this work, we studied the static an dynamic behavior of the resin, the composites, cores and sandwich structures. This study led on the one hand to the determination of the mechanical characteristics and to the identification and the follow-up of the mechanisms of damage by acoustic emission and microscopic observations and on the other hand to the determination of the dynamic characteristics. In the second part, we first analyzed the kinetics of water diffusion in resin, skins, cores and sandwichs by identification of their diffusion parameters by the Fick model approach. Then, we are interested in the impact of water ageing on the behavior and mechanical properties iof sandwichs and its constituents
Armand, Decker Stéphanie. "Développement d’une méthode d’optimisation multiobjectif pour la construction bois : prise en compte du confort des usagers, de l’impact environnemental et de la sécurité de l’ouvrage." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0189.
Full textIndustrialised countries are seeking to reduce their energy consumption and to use alternative raw materials, including renewables such as wood. To promote its use, multi-storey timber constructive systems need the development of new design methods.Building required a multicriteria design where conflicting objectives must be optimised simultaneously. Research solutions have to achieve the best Pareto-compromise between use performance and environmental impact of the building. This work aims to develop a multiobjective optimisation method of timber multi-storey building.The objectives of maximising floor vibration comfort and minimising heating needs, thermal discomfort, global warming potential and embodied energy are taken into account. A multi-objective particle swarm optimization algorithm is used to obtain a set of non-dominated solutions which is the Pareto front. The solution space is constrained by regulatory requirements necessary for the safety of the structure. All objective-functions are modelled as analytic functions. Dynamic thermal simulation model outputs are replaced by metamodels.The developed method is implemented on a case study. The results offer a great diversity in a panel of 20 000 optimal solutions. These results provide a basis for discussion between the different actors of a construction project
Musy, Marjorie. "Génération automatique de modèles zonaux pour l'étude du comportement thermo-aéraulique des bâtiments." Phd thesis, Université de La Rochelle, 1999. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00492772.
Full textGarcía, Mayné. "Configurations spatiales et architecturales : contribution à la formation par l'habitabilité des espaces universitaires." Thesis, Rennes 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016REN20052/document.
Full textThis thesis covers an aspect less developed from the Human and Social Sciences, the role that the architectural conceptions and spaces of study and work in the formative process in the university level in a time of widespread digital culture. From a study in cases with Mexican and French universities, we analyzed how the architectures assist or obstruct practices that favor or hinder formation model with the finality of human development. The construction of data is supported by the ethnographic tools, an analytic model that relates spatial production and analysis of formation dispositives and using technical analysis of the discourse, images and architectural analysis. The study of the interrelationships between what we call spatial and architectural configurations in five universities campi, produced findings linked with the characteristics of habitability and their relationships with the actors project as to the purpose of university formation
Esta tesis aborda un aspecto escasamente trabajado desde las Ciencias Humanas y Sociales: el papel que desempeñan las concepciones arquitectónicas y los espacios de estudio y de trabajo en los procesos formativos universitarios, en un momento de generalización de la cultura digital. A partir de un estudio en casos en universidades mexicanas y francesas, analizamos la manera en que las arquitecturas propician u obstaculizan prácticas que favorezcan los modelos de formación con finalidad de desarrollo humano. La construcción de datos está apoyada en herramientas de corte etnográfico, un modelo analítico que relaciona la producción espacial y el análisis de dispositivos de formación, técnicas de análisis del discurso, análisis de imágenes y análisis arquitectónico. El estudio de las interrelaciones entre lo que denominamos configuraciones arquitectónicas y espaciales en cinco campi universitarios produjo hallazgos ligados con las características de la habitabilidad y sus relaciones con el proyecto de los actores en cuanto a las finalidades de la formación universitaria
Kenaï, Mohamed Amine. "Caractérisation, analyse et modélisation des échanges énergétiques entre un mur végétalisé intensif et son environnement." Thesis, Artois, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ARTO0202.
Full textThis PhD thesis aims to understand and analyse the heat exchanges that occur between a building and its environment in the presence of intensive vegetated walls. In this manuscript, a numerical and experimental approach to evaluate the thermal impact of green walls is presented. A platform composed of three identical prototypes (3 thermal mini-laboratories) under real weather conditions has been designed and instrumented. As a first step, two screens permitting a rapid and gradual variation of coverage rate from 10 to 100% were added to the prototypes. Thus, several series of measurements were performed and significant reductions in temperature and heat flow were recorded and interpreted. The primary objective of this experimental approach was to implement an artificial shading and thus controlled. A first model was developed based on the writing of heat exchanges energy balance equations between the wall with variable coverage rate and its climatic environment. This model confronted to the experimental results allowed the validation of the theoreticalapproaches at the level of radiative and convective heat transfer. Secondly, the first model that was developed in this work has been adapted to the case of a "real" occultation by vegetation (Ivy or Virginia creeper) then validated experimentally.It was finally implemented in a dynamic thermal simulation code (TRNSYS), and thus the thermal impact of green walls were evaluated at the real scale of a building. Simulation results in a temperate climate show that the presence of evergreen plants has a negative impact on winter energy demand. Conversely, in summer, the results show that green walls have an interest in limiting overheating. Their presence significantly reduces energy consumption needed to cool the building and improves the indoor thermal comfort
Lalanne, Nicolas. "Modélisation des échanges thermiques et radiatifs en environnement urbain à très haute résolution spatiale : aide à l'interprétation des mesures par télédétection infrarouge." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM4731/document.
Full textThe main origin of the energy consumption in France is the residential and commercial sector. In urban environment, housing is mostly old, which means high heat losses. The improvement of energy performances requires the quantification of heat losses. This quantification may be based on a global measurement by an infrared camera with high spatial resolution.The infrared image interpretation requires a description of the radiative terms that make up the signal. For that purpose, a novel simulator is developed. The temperature field is calculated from a meshed three-dimensional scene composed of 1D walls and 2D thermal bridges. This operation is realized by the developed thermal software SUSHI, which is based on solar irradiance pre-computation and on 2D unitary response pre-computation. The software uses as input environmental data measured in the field. The infrared sensor signal is then modelled by adapting the radiative program MOHICANS. This software chain has the distinct advantage of an efficient fusion of dynamic response simulations of temperature and radiance, for areas with unidirectional and 2D heat transfer.The experimental campaign BATIR was set-up for measuring the thermal behavior of a building façade and its convective and radiative environment. A local validation of temperature calculation by SUSHI was realized through a comparison with thermocouple measurement results. Infrared cameras were operated in order to collect the radiance coming from the analyzed façade in band II and III. The radiances calculated by MOHICANS were compared with these acquisitions in order to validate the software chain at this level
Abbas, Noama. "Le rôle de l'acculturation dans la perception de l'environnement physique de service : Application au cas des restaurants du vieux Damas en Syrie." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM2007.
Full textThis research aims to investigate the relationship that exists between individuals and their surroundings. Specifically, we study cognitive, emotional and behavioral responses of clients to elaborate on the causal relations that exist between perceived physical environment, individuals' emotional states, perceived service quality and behavioral intentions. In addition, we also integrate the concept of acculturation to understand how an individual's richness of exposure to local culture influences his/her perception vis-à-vis the service facility with substantial cultural relevance. To explore these concepts, we study this phenomenon across two different cultures (Syrian and French) for restaurants that are set up at locations holding significant cultural value (i.e. old courtyards rehabilitated as restaurants). Two different studies (qualitative and quantitative) were conducted with the clients of restaurants in the old city of Damascus, Syria. Results lead to three principles findings: (1) Principles factors that influence client's perception of physical characteristics of a service setting are ambiance, design and social factors; (2) The acculturation level of a client moderates the relationships between physical characteristics of an environment and client evaluations of the service and his/her loyalty intentions; and (3) perception of the physical characteristics of a service environment is influenced by certain socio- demographic variables of an individual
El, Asmi Emira. "Un environnement méthodologique et logiciel pour l'interopérabilité de la maquette numérique du bâtiment et de la simulation énergétique : application à la réglementation thermique RT2012." Thesis, Paris 8, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA080051.
Full textEnergy performance analysis of new buildings strongly relies on simulation tools. They optimize the design by facilitating building performance analysis during the design phase. However, there are several limitations, among which one of the main is the lack of reliable connections between Computer Aided Design (CAD) and simulation tools. This is particularly critical at a time when the concept of Building Information Model (BIM) is widely applied and the CAD models are becoming richer.This thesis proposes to take advantage of the potential of BIM in order to contribute to emerging approaches for a reliable and seamless interconnection between building information models and simulation environment input files. This would result into significant benefits, both from the cost-effectiveness (analysis is performed more effectively) and the reliability (simulation models strictly comply with design models) points of view. However, to implement such approaches, several barriers have to be considered. The first is the need for a common, standardized BIM language. The second is the definition of adequate and standardized extension mechanisms, to customize BIM for simulation-specific purposes. The third is the provision of software tools, for effective and reliable BIM to simulation models transformation.The first barrier is likely to be overcome through the advent of the buildingSMART Industry Foundation Classes (IFC), which is widely recognized as a standard BIM exchange format in the construction industry. However, with respect to the second barrier, the IFC remains a wide-purpose modelling language and as such, fails to address many domain-specific issues, like e.g. energy simulation. This limitation has been acknowledged by buildingSMART, who have delivered novel methodological tools to allow for domain-specific customization of IFC. The main one is called the Information Delivery Manual (IDM). The aim of our work is the implementation and evaluation the BuildingSMART framework IDM/MVD to interconnect BIM (IFC) and energy simulation. This study led us to propose a pivotal model (BSM for « Building Simulation Model») based on an analogy with model driven engineering approaches. We also have developed a software prototype, which includes a set of mapping rules that automates the translation process between the IFC model and the simulation tool. In the scope of this study, we targeted the COMETH simulation tool (a simulation engine based on the French thermal regulation RT2012) but our results can easily be extended to additional tools
Cherqui, Frédéric. "Méthodologie d'évaluation d'un projet d'aménagement durable d'un quartier - méthode ADEQUA." Phd thesis, Université de La Rochelle, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00012089.
Full textBuisson, Claire. "Danse, espace, technologies : construction d'un environnement chorégraphique." Nice, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010NICE2015.
Full textThis research project started with questioning the perception of dance within the space of theatre. It sought to figure out how the frame of this space conditions the construction of dance and dancing body, and how to disrupt this organisation in order to immerge the audience within the dancing body. This brings to the fore the «!sensory!» as the central issue of this research. Its methodology articulates theory and practice. It is a dance practice-based research. It is based on three levels of experience: as researcher, choreographer and performer,involved in a choreographic proposal called «immersive theatre». Claire Buissondevelops this choreographic project since 2006-2007. It works on three sensory levels: the performer, the sound and the video. It explores the organisation of perception in order to create an environment to immerge the audience in. Perception is explored both as a tool for choreographic writing and as a field for immersion. This constitutes the research field. This research project is not an artistic production. It is a process of learning and building up knowledge through the construction of a body. It is concerned with «embodiment». Practicebased projects are usually asked how they deal with theory. In this project, the question is the contrary: how does the theoretical work embody the performative? Embodiment as a methodology is an attempt of blurring the dualism constitutive of the Western culture. It considers practice, and the corporeal, as central in the process of production of thinking. It is through the body, not as an object but as a practice, that an embodied thinking is generated. Within this study, it means there are various subjects speaking (the researcher, the choreographer, the performer). Moreover, the writing is not only about giving an analysis of a choreographic process. It seeks to bring the reader within this embodied thinking and its process. It seeks to create a sensory presence out of the presence of the performer and to develop a choreographic writing. In this way, the research is «choreographic» and constitutes a process of construction of an embodied thinking. Research is committed as the experience of the process of cultures construction
Casabianca, Anne. "Recyclage et contrôle de la pollution : Une analyse économique avec application aux déchets du Bâtiment." Corte, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004CORT1031.
Full textWe propose in this research an economic analysis of the waste management in the Building Industry. For this purpose, we utilise four stages. The first chapter examines all the particular characteristics of to the organizational structure of the Building Industry. Contrary to the existing literature, and to take into account the recycling, we present a vision widened by the industry based on the cycle of life of the building. That is why we insist on an important point : the distinction between the activities of manufactoring of the materials and the the acte to build. In the second chapter, we draw up, first of all, an inventory of fixtures concerning the production and the management of the waste. Then, we would try to identify the economic, technological and statutory constraints which meet firms in the management of the waste. In the third chapter, our objective is to put the theoretical ranging-poles allowing to study the recycling of the waste. Two big economic fields of the literature seems to have been interseted in this problem. Certain mondels show that the implementation of a technology of recycling establishes an effective means of conservation of natural resources, the recycled resources being substitued for natural ressources. Others show that the implementation of a technology of recycling allows to reduce the environmental damage and establishes a means of more respectful treatment of the environment. In the fourth chapter, we shall propose a dynamic partial equilibrium model, based on the optimal control theory, allowing to draw that could be the environmental policy to be put opens it with the aim of regulating the treatment of the waste in the Building Industry
Pestre, Tristan. "La pierre naturelle dans un contexte d'évolution réglementaire environnementale de la construction, étude des transferts hygrothermiques au sein de composants d'enveloppes de bâtiments." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Artois, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021ARTO0205.
Full text« Natural stone in a context of environmental regulatory evolution of the construction, study of heat and moisture transfers in building envelope components ».In the context of French and international energy transition, the construction sector remains one of the most impacting on the environment and must evolve to limit the consequences. In response, the State has set up an experimentation, "positive energy building and carbon reduction", foreshadowing future thermal regulations for buildings, which will also become environmental (LCA).Most natural, local, and minimally processed materials have undeniable environmental advantages and the local sectors from which they come have interesting economic and social potential. These materials can then be perfectly integrated into a sustainable development approach. However, it is essential to know their physical behavior in order to be able to optimize their use in efficient, healthy, comfortable and durable constructions.The objective of this research is to develop massive natural stone for the construction of energy efficient and environmentally friendly buildings.A dozen rock samples were characterized from a thermal point of view (thermal resistance and thermal capacity), from a hydric point of view (absorption of water at atmospheric pressure, permeability to water vapor, water buffer, and hygroscopic sorption/desorption) and an environmental point of view (life cycle analysis of stone masonry). The experimental results obtained, in addition to the database of the Technical Center for Natural Building Materials, made it possible to carry out statistical studies on natural limestone. The prospects would be to estimate their physical characteristics and integrate them into developing building information modeling (BIM) modules.The hygrothermal properties of stones were also used as input data to study the coupled heat and mass transfers at several scales, from the wall to the building. The digital approach was compared to experimental approaches (bi-climatic chamber and in-situ instrumentation of a villa). The objective is to validate the numerical models used and the results of the characterization in the laboratory. Finally, a comparative dynamic thermal simulation study makes it possible to draw up an inventory of the energy performance of natural stone constructions in the context of the new regulation “RE2020”
Lotteau, Marc. "Développement d’une approche d’intégration des questions de morphologie urbaine dans l’évaluation environnementale des projets d’aménagement à l’échelle du quartier basée sur l’analyse de cycle de vie." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bordeaux, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BORD0685.
Full textThis work is a contribution to the environmental assessment of urban development projects in the upstream design phase. It focuses on integrating urban morphology issues with life cycle analysis (LCA) applied to the built environment at the neighborhood scale. The energy performance of buildings is partly determined by design choices relating to the urban form and its interactions with climate. The objective of this thesis is to provide to the design teams a way to take into account the influence of the urban form on the energy potentials of a neighborhood with a life cycle perspective.A preliminary study was conducted on two neighborhoods to detail the influence of the urban form on their energy potentials. An approach to modeling the embodied energy and embodied carbon of buildings is proposed. A sensitivity analysis and a contribution analysis of this model are performed on two generic building shapes. The results demonstrate the key influence of the shape of the buildings and a very strong link between the embodied energy and the building’s compactness. An approach to assessing the passive heating potential and passive summer comfort potential at the neighborhood scale is also developed. It is based on the transformation of a neighborhood in an equivalent urban form (regular array of block buildings), and on the application of metamodels of a thermal simulation engine. The method is tested and discussed on a corpus of 45 case studies. These methodological developments are intended to be integrated into an existing tool for neighborhood LCA (NEST)
Abbas, Noama. "Le rôle de l'acculturation dans la perception de l'environnement physique de service : Application au cas des restaurants du vieux Damas en Syrie." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM2007.
Full textThis research aims to investigate the relationship that exists between individuals and their surroundings. Specifically, we study cognitive, emotional and behavioral responses of clients to elaborate on the causal relations that exist between perceived physical environment, individuals' emotional states, perceived service quality and behavioral intentions. In addition, we also integrate the concept of acculturation to understand how an individual's richness of exposure to local culture influences his/her perception vis-à-vis the service facility with substantial cultural relevance. To explore these concepts, we study this phenomenon across two different cultures (Syrian and French) for restaurants that are set up at locations holding significant cultural value (i.e. old courtyards rehabilitated as restaurants). Two different studies (qualitative and quantitative) were conducted with the clients of restaurants in the old city of Damascus, Syria. Results lead to three principles findings: (1) Principles factors that influence client's perception of physical characteristics of a service setting are ambiance, design and social factors; (2) The acculturation level of a client moderates the relationships between physical characteristics of an environment and client evaluations of the service and his/her loyalty intentions; and (3) perception of the physical characteristics of a service environment is influenced by certain socio- demographic variables of an individual
Scholtus, Marie. "Construction d'un indicateur de qualité des eaux de surface vis-à-vis des produits phytosanitaires à l'échelle du bassin versant viticole." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2004. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL_T_2004_THIOLLET-SCHOLTUS_M.pdf.
Full textThe degradation of surface water quality is mainly due to intensive agricultural practices. The main goal of this PhD program is to construct a watershed decision aid tool from a field decision aid tool which already exists. I-PhyField is calculated in 2 experimental French watersheds (Chablis, Rouffach). The adaptation proposed for the I-Phy indicator is to add a module which accounts for the distance between field and outlet and characteristics of the runoff water way : field connectivity index" (Ci). Ci index deals with factors outlying the field of study which may influence pesticide runoff and also, hydrological characteristics of the water way between the field and the watershed outlet. Ci index and I-Phy-BV indicator were calculated and validated for the 2 vineyard watersheds. Further research is needed for the validation
Ludwig, Thomas. "Développement d’un environnement bioinformatique dédié à la construction d’architectures d’ARN." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2008. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2008/LUDWIG_Thomas_2008.pdf.
Full textRecent discoveries suggest that the complexity and degree of evolution of an organism is linked to the existence of hundreds of thousands non coding RNA of various sizes. Thus, from a mere actor in translation mechanisms (through mRNA, tRNA and rRNA), RNA is found to be a key element in an ever increasing number of mechanisms regulating important biological functions, and therefore in mechanisms disturbing them and is involved in cancer, viral infections and neurological pathologies. In consequence, we witness, since a few year, the development of numerous tools dedicated to the identification of new non coding RNA within the sequenced genomes. Those tools allowed the discovery of a great number of new candidates within model organisms. Experimental validation of these candidates and understanding of their biological function rely on the determination of their three-dimensional architectures. Unfortunately, the limitations in current experimental approaches do not allow to answer quickly enough this need of validation. In that context, we decided to develop a bioinformatics environment to optimize the construction and understanding of RNA architectures. The first part of the present thesis is focused on the description of our infrastructure named P. A. R. A. DIS. E (Platform to Analyze RNA Annotations over a Distributed Environment). Its development can be divided in three main axes : – an RNA annotations (secondary and tertiary structures, sequences alignments,. . . ) engine – a communication layer allowing to contact the algorithms that produce these annotations – a graphical layer allowing to visualize and manipulate these annotations using adapted representations. The second part is more specifically focused on the graphical tool Assemble, that allows to build a tertiary structure model for an RNA molecule with a known secondary structure. Assemble proposes a great number of automated tools speeding up the model construction by allowing to generate a first draft of the 3D model, to apply conformations derived from known structural motifs and to refine the model’s coordinates according to structural constraints. The user also has the possibility to display an electronic density map to guide him during the modelling. The third and last part is dedicated to the validation of our bioinformatics tools and describes in details their use to answer RNArelated biological questions
Ludwig, Thomas Westhof Eric. "Développement d'un environnement bioinformatique dédié à la construction d'architectures d'ARN." Strasbourg : Université Louis Pasteur, 2008. http://eprints-scd-ulp.u-strasbg.fr:8080/1017/01/LUDWIG_Thomas_2008.pdf.
Full textHannawi, Kinda. "Conception, caractérisation physico-mécanique et durabilité de nouveaux matériaux de construction à caractère environnemental : application dans la technologie des constructions." Rennes, INSA, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ISAR0012.
Full textOur research is part of sustainable development. It studies the potential use of waste plastics as a new source of material for construction sector and attempts to develop new composite materials incorporating plastic aggregates. To elaborate these composites, three types of plastic (PC, PET1 and PET0. 1) were introduced into cement mortars by replacing defined volume percentages of sand (3%, 10%, 20% and 50%). The mortars obtained were characterized by studying their microstructural, physical and mechanical properties. Their durability has also been studied using the tests of physical, thermal and chemical degradation. The results obtained show that the introduction of plastic aggregates in cementitious mortars causes a change in the microstructure, an increase in connected porosity and permeability, and a decrease in compressive and tensile strength. In counterpart of this reduction in strength, the incorporation of plastics aggregates gives lighter materials, significantly more ductile, which show a large deformation capacity and low ability to shrinkage cracking. These mortar composites also show a real interest in terms of thermal and acoustic insulation because their conductivity is lower and the acoustic wave propagation is slowed. All results presented allow concluding that in many applications where resistance to cracking due to imposed deformations is a performance criterion, the incorporation of plastic aggregates can be an effective solution to improve the durability. The Concretes with plastic aggregates represent ultimately a real path for plastic valorization at the end of life
Buhé, Catherine. "Développement d'une méthode de conception environnementale des bâtiments prenant en compte l'environnement de proximité." Chambéry, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997CHAMS035.
Full textFouossong, nguetoum Laetitia. "Stratégie d’entreprise et partenariats innovants pour le développement durable : un guide pour la construction d’une stratégie d’entreprise responsable." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLV071.
Full textAn increasing number of organizations want to commit fully to a more sustainable practice of business, and attempt to profoundly change the way they operate. For those, it is the assumption of the work that the whole society has a duty to implement measures, attitudes and initiatives that will foster the change of behavior and practice. While people steeply increase their demand for responsible practice and governments draw boundaries within which to operate, this work contributes to fulfilling the academia’s duty, by offering guidance to organizations on how to move out of business – as - usual to create and appropriate a corporate strategy that integrates sustainability considerations. For the purpose, it investigates how organizations can effectively integrate sustainability considerations into their inner corporate strategy, and identifies new resources, processes and incentives that can foster the change towards a more responsible practice of business
Hajek, Isabelle. "La contribution des acteurs socio-associatifs à l'élaboration de la question environnementale : d'une sociologie de la connaissance à la construction d'une grammaire politique élargie : le cas de la mobilisation contre l'incinération des déchets à Marseille." Aix-Marseille 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008AIX10089.
Full textN'dongo, Harouna. "Environnements personnels d'apprentissage : modélisation multi-agents d'un support de construction." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/32467.
Full textWith Web 2.0, the university community have developed new learning practices. Students adopt practices for integrating their social activities into their learning process. The needs of learners are rapidly changed and institutions do not still offer resources totally adapted to this context. Students expect to have access to a vast amount of information through formal or informal tools and to be part of a global peer community. The need to combine institutional and personal resources implies a new concept: Personal Learning Environment (PLE). A PLE is defined as a space for learners to customize the aggregation of heterogeneous resources for their learning needs. Developing such environments requires the involvement of complex skills that higher education students, though described as digital natives, do not necessarily possess. The objective of this research work is to allow students to have support for the construction of their PLE as a dashboard. It would provide an up - to - date view of resources use and further exploit the resulting linkages. The proposed solution is based on the Agent - Group - Role organizational model, one of design method for multi-agent systems. A prototype was also implemented and allowed to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed solution.
Mangold, Marie. "Pour une sociologie de la "maison durable" : entre production d'une offre techno-centrée et vécu des habitants : projets et acteurs dans les espaces périurbains en Alsace." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018STRAG051.
Full textIn the early twenty-first century, “sustainable housing” has become a popular catchword, and its goals are increasingly being embraced in the housing sector. This new context calls for analysing the interactions between housing and environment, especially insofar as they relate to the urban phenomenon and its evolutions. This PhD in sociology adopts an interdisciplinary social science perspective (branching out into urbanism, planning and ethnology) in its empirical examination of the construction of individual houses in the Alsace region of France, that take into consideration energy performance and the use so-called “ecological” materials, especially in peri-urban areas.The PhD pursued two main goals. First, based on a study of regional architects and builders, and in light of the evolution of legal frameworks and national real estate markets, it analyses the modalities of production of techno-centric “sustainable houses” that reflect the demands of environmental policies in terms of energy efficiency. Second, based on ethnographical approach and on the characterization of the trajectories of households, it looks into the experiences of residents, their appropriation of the “sustainable houses” and lifestyles. The PhD ultimately offers crosscutting insights into the impact of calls for energy sobriety and individual responsibility by reconsidering the “sustainable house” model and its effects on social and spatial inequalities
Schiopu, Nicoleta Moszkowicz Pierre Méhu Jacques. "Caractérisation des émissions dans l'eau des produits de construction pendant leur vie en oeuvre." Villeurbanne : Doc'INSA, 2008. http://docinsa.insa-lyon.fr/these/pont.php?id=cone_schiopu.
Full textAllik, Amel. "La construction de la crise environnementale. Thèmes, stratégies et représentations." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCA038.
Full textThis thesis focuses on the construction of the environmental crisis through the flow of environmental discourses. We define the environmental crisis as a range of physical, social and discursive manifestations that are related to the Environment. They are caused by the separation of Man and nature, a relationship that derives from the Hellenistic concept of phusis. These manifestations oscillate between disruptions and uncertainties on the one hand, and on the other, the research of solutions whose objective is to find a new balance. The environmental crisis is composed of a set of public problems, as well as of numerous issues that have yet to be problematized or publicized in the public sphere. Through the careful study of some of environmental crisis discourses, we were able to examine these public problems and non-publicized issues as a wholeness. We analyzed a corpus of French and international environmental law foundation texts and Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) reports, and reconstructed some of the contents of this crisis. As we had three research objectives, we combined three methods of analysis. The first, a quantitative method, allowed us to define the themes of the environmental crisis. The objective of the second, a qualitative discourse analysis method, was to identify and describe the different strategies used by the different issuers of both institutional texts and CSR reports. Finally, narrative and cultural semiotics facilitated the comprehension of the organization of environmental representations, by reconstructing the underlying narratives behind the environmental crisis discourses
Roelens, Marc. "Un environnement pour le tracé de rayons utilisant une modélisation par arbre de construction." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, 1993. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00828017.
Full textBenjelloun, Salah-Eddine. "Environnement interactif pour la génération de noyaux hilbertiens et la construction de fonctions splines." Toulouse 3, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986TOU30085.
Full textGirod, Xavier. "Conception par objets : mecano : une Méthode et un Environnement de Construction d'ApplicatioNs par Objets." Phd thesis, Grenoble 1, 1991. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00339536.
Full textBenjelloun, Salah-Eddine. "Environnement interactif pour la génération de noyaux hilbertiens et la construction de fonctions-splines." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb375959133.
Full textLamontagne, François R. (François René). "Un environnement pour l'acquisition des connaissances et le dev́eloppement de systemes experts constructifs /." Thesis, McGill University, 1990. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=60063.
Full textThe language also allows knowledge to be organized into classes of objects whose dynamic creation corresponds to the structure of the components to be configured. This approach, combined with a specialized control strategy for Design problems, helps in narrowing the representation gap between the expert's knowledge and the system's knowledge.
The environment assists knowledge acquisition by means of a structured editor and by static and dynamic analyses for validation; it is implemented on a micro-computer and includes an internal Production System to execute the Expert Systems that are generated. Two applications to Engineering Design are used to demonstrate the environment's capabilities.
Oudin, François. "Ethnologie du quotidien des "passionnés de moto" : construction d'un être au monde par l'investissement d'une machine." Thesis, Metz, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009METZ015L/document.
Full textThe argument developed in this PhD thesis is that considering the use of motorbikes as a symbol for risk taking reduces the meaning of what bikers call « passion ». It is therefore suggested to take a different view and - instead of studying extreme aspects - take interest in the bikers' daily routine by means of long-term participating observation. From the taking of the motorcycling license to regular bike riding, attention is focused on the banality and diversity of the life of those who call themselves « motorbike enthusiasts ». An ethnology of bikers, true to their lives, is thus being sketched. Thanks to this approach, it has been possible to collect utterances and observe practices that go beyond the sole issue of risk, through the biker's desire of belonging to a specific world. The involvement of the machine - interface between men and world - is coupled with a universe the meaning of which is little known. It is made of know-how, bodily techniques and « bikers' values » that give sense to the statements and actions of the encountered bikers. To give sense here means both articulating a possible world organization and questioning it. Beyond the stereotyped image of bikers, their use of a machine is a way to state and reorganize fundamental anthropological oppositions that allow interaction with our environment. By their practice and the motivations to their actions, bikers reinterpret the fundaments of man/woman, savage/servant, risk/security and life/death relations. Acting in this universe that temporarily features beings belonging to an alternative world, they express what in their eyes is an accomplished Human being
Youssef, Alice. "Prise en compte des apports mécaniques du béton de chanvre pour le calcul de structure bois/béton de chanvre et métal/béton de chanvre." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lorient, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORIS431.
Full textLime and hemp concrete (LHC) is nowadays the most developed bio-based aggregate building material in Europe. It consists of hemp shiv and mineral binder mixing with water. Generally, bio-based materials like LHC are used for their thermal insulation properties in building. Most blocks of Lime Hemp Concrete which have been studied, show a brittle behavior and a very low mechanical strength. The formulations are generally rich in binder and slightly compacted. Up to now, this material is then not considered as a load bearing material and is mainly used as filler insulation, combined with structure components made of wood, concrete or masonry. A study has tested other formulations, with higher contents of aggregates thanks to a compaction process, in order to improve both the rigidity and the strength of the hardened mixtures. In these formulations, shiv which has higher amount is definitely lighter and more porous than lime, which prevents a significant increase in thermal conductivity. The present work of my PhD is an experimental study of the compressive and shearing behavior of hemp concrete, in order to study the load-bearing capacity and bracing of this bio based material, while maintaining good qualities of thermal insulation in building. Two compacted formulations were tested M1 & M4, as well as samples obtained from trade-blocks Chanvribloc®. Two series of tests were performed. The first one is a uniaxial compression test in each direction for characterizing the mechanical anisotropy of the material. This anisotropy is induced by the compacting process. The second one permits to characterize the shearing behavior of the different mix-designs. In this study, an original shear device was developed, specifically designed for this kind of material, which allows shearing under controlled normal stress. An image processing performed was carried out, using a camera and ARAMIS image processing software during shear tests, to evaluate the fields of deformations and to study the behavior of the specimen during the shear test. The compressive experiments results have shown that this material is anisotropic, even when it is industrially molded by vibrations. The material has a transverse isotropic behavior. The behavior in the longitudinal direction is characterized by very high ductility, while the transverse behavior is very brittle, with a highly variable and unsteady behavior. The experimental results in shear show a high ductility of this material. These results are very promising, an interesting behavior of LHC walls in term of potential bracing. Numerical modeling and applications have been carried out to illustrate the use of hemp concrete blocks for bracing buildings. The formulation M4 exhibits a better behavior under moderate and average seismic actions, compared to the formulation M1, while the Chanvribloc walls in the present state do not allowthe buildings to be braced in moderate or medium seismic zones
Bouilly, Cristiana Monica. "Caractérisation de l'influence de l'humidité sur les interactions entre les polluants gazeux et les matériaux du bâtiment." La Rochelle, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007LAROS186.
Full textThe indoor air quality (IAQ) field has gained considerable interest of many researchers, interest clearly justified by the fact that the citizens spend more then 80% of their time inside of the buildings. During the past 15 years, many experimental studies have dealt with the environmental parameters (temperature, humidity, air velocity…) influence of on the volatiles organic compounds (VOC) emission and the reversible sink effect of materials. While for the temperature all this lead to a general consensus on its influence, the conclusions are very different sometimes even divergent for humidity. This appears as the main reason of our study. Our work implies an experimental study on the phenomena parameters identification involved into the pollutants transport through the building materials and a static and a dynamic modeling on the gaseous contaminants/humidity/wall interactions. To accomplish these items, the phenomena that appear in the pollutant transport process through the building materials are described. The lack in amount of data concerning the transfer coefficients give a good reason to research and to find some relations between the physical - chemical characteristics of VOC and transfer coefficients. The last part of this work implies the integration of the mass transfer models into a simulation code on the Matlab environment. This approach is similar with the thermal transfer models used by CSTB. Within these models we are able to reproduce the gaseous pollutant and humidity transfer in the materials and also we can study the humidity influence on the VOC/ wall interactions at many levels: diffusion level, adsorption and absorption level
Sarrasin, Bruno. "Élaboration et mise en oeuvre du plan d'action environnemental à Madagascar (1987-2001) : construction et problèmes d'une politique publique." Paris 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA010287.
Full textMalcurat, Olivier. "Modélisation d'un environnement logiciel d'assistance au travail collaboratif dans le secteur de l'architecture et du BTP." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2001. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL_T_2001_MALCURAT_O.pdf.
Full textOur work aims to specify and develop a groupware for the professionals in the building trade. Our motivation is the following one: the easyness and cheapness of creating virtual communities thanks to internet technology. Today, actors in the building industry show their wishes to take advantage of this recent opportunity, to improve global quality of design and construction processes, and reduce financial losses caused by communication errors. The current situation shows a gap between available softwares and professional practices which don't really integrate these new tools. Then, rather than thinking that people don't suit these tools, we think that tools are not suitable for people. We assume that the main reason of this maladjustment is that classic groupwares neglect the complexity of social dimension and focus on technical problems such as distributed data, scalability, need for speed, security. Without denying the importance of these problems, we intentionally emphasize social, economic and cultural dimensions
Maillet-Contoz, Laurent. "Construction d'un environnement d'aide à la conception incrémentale : application au prototypage d'architecture mixte matériel/logicel." Montpellier 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997MON20171.
Full textFlesselle, David. "Conception et mise en oeuvre d'une méthodologie de pilotage de projets de construction de bâtiments intégrant l'approche Haute Qualité Environnementale (HQE®)." Artois, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003ARTO0204.
Full textControlling the environmental impacts of buildings is becoming an unavoidable requirement for the construction industry. The French building sector refers to the "Haute Qualité Environnementale" approach to buildings, or HQE®. Including this concept in construction activities is a complex problem, connected with the technical aspects of buildings, the economic context and also the human and operational context of the construction process. The purpose of the research work presented here is to elaborate a methodology for managing environmental sustainability in building construction projects thanks to the French HQE® approach. This methodology aims at integrating the concept of HQE® in the phase of building programming and at following the evolution of this environmental quality during the design phase. Suited to common professional practice, this method is organised around the traditional process of construction and decision-making. The construction project methodology proposed control activity model resulting from modelling and analysis, according to an integrated Process-Product approach, the activities and data concerned by environmental quality in building programming and design phases
Bouharoun, Samir. "Comportement tribologique des huiles de décoffrage à l'interface béton/coffrage : influence de la formulation du béton." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Artois, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ARTO0209.
Full textIn a context where sustainable development has become a major priority, the companies in the building field must face to new requirements in terms of respect of the environment. In particular, during the concrete pouring, a mineral release agent, poorly biodegradable is currently used as separating layer non-stick. The nature of this oil creates significant risks of environmental pollution. New formulations of release agent of vegetable origin were developed.The appearance of this new product range requires a sufficient knowledge of their behavior at the interface concrete/release agent/formwork. This report contributes to the study the effect of the concrete composition on the tribological behavior at the interface concrete/formwork with two release agents of different nature (vegetable release agent and mineral release agent). The zone of concrete near the formwork was studied without release agents. First, the evolution of the density of the concrete at the approach of a wall was evaluated as a function of the contact pressure and the past volume. Then, a comprehensive analysis of this fresh layer was carried out to estimate the W/B ratio and the amount of paste mobilized close to the formwork. A physicochemical study was performed by reconstituting the interstitial medium of the interface concrete/release agent/formwork containing a different dosage of oil and superplasticizer. Several adapted techniques to these complex medium were used to evaluate the formation of soaps and to determine the stability of the obtained emulsions. This thesis ends with a study of the friction of fresh concrete against the formwork with and without release agent using a plan/plan tribometer. Many formulations of concrete are studied. The results were allowed to understand the mechanism of action of the fines element and the dosage of superplasticizer at the interfaces concrete/formwork and concrete/release agent/formwork. In the case of vegetable release agent, the soap formed from the esters and fatty acids contributes to reduce the friction by stabilizing the emulsion and organizing the interface. However, the presence of the superplasticizer is necessary to obtain a high performance for the mineral release agent
Mahmoudysepehr, Mehdi. "Modélisation du comportement du tunnelier et impact sur son environnement." Thesis, Centrale Lille Institut, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020CLIL0028.
Full textThis PhD thesis research work consists in understanding the behavior of the TBM according to the environment encountered in order to propose safe, durable and quality solutions for the digging of the tunnel.The main objective of this doctoral thesis work is to better understand the behavior of the TBM according to its environment. Thus, we will explore how the TBM reacts according to the different types of terrain and how it acts on the various elements of tunnel structure (voussoirs). This will make it possible to propose an intelligent and optimal dimensioning of the voussoirs and instructions of adapted piloting
Deby, Fabrice. "Approche probabiliste de la durée des bétons en environnement marin." Toulouse 3, 2008. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/370/.
Full textA probabilistic approach to prediction of concrete's durability in marine environment is proposed in this thesis. The aim of this work is to develop a methodology linked with the performance-based approaches using the concept of durability indicators. The probabilistic FORM algorithm and the coupled deterministic model are developed to estimate the reliability index of the material. The probability distributions of the random variables are built. A multiplicative error is introduced in order to integrate information from different concretes into a single database and a Bayesian network is presented to update these results by further experiments. A practical example is proposed for a reinforced concrete immersed in sea water. A semi-probabilistic design for engineering based on characteristic values and partial safety factors is developed to achieve the same reliability
Regrettier, Jean-François. "Génie civil en environnement polaire : étude d'une digue en enrochements : critères de sélection des aciers." Paris 6, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA066665.
Full textSalazar, Claudia Chevalier Jean Rousseaux Patrick. "Elaboration d'une méthode de prévision du gisement des déchets générés par le cycle de vie des bâtiments amélioration de la traçabilité des composants du bâtiment /." Villeurbanne : Doc'INSA, 2006. http://docinsa.insa-lyon.fr/these/pont.php?id=salazar.
Full text