Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Constructions en béton armé – France'
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Delhumeau, Gwenaël. "Hennebique et la construction en béton armé, 1892-1914 : des brevets aux matériaux." Paris 4, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA040184.
Full textSchenk, Thomas. "Le béton armé en France, 1889-1914 : expression architecturale d'un nouveau système technologique de construction." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24685/24685.pdf.
Full textAraujo, Ana Bela de. "Le Centre d'études nucléaires à Saclay : l'architecture-système d'Auguste Perret à l'épreuve de la science, 1948-1951." Paris 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA010527.
Full textReimeringer, Mathieu. "Contribution à l'étude de l'effondrement d'une structure en béton armé." Orléans, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ORLE2022.
Full textLanglois, Anne-Marie. "Influence de l'endommagement sur la fiabilité structurale de ponts en béton armé : étude de cas." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/21327.
Full textA computer program, named « Laval Reliability Toolbox 2 » (LRT2), was developed in order to evaluate a time-variant reliability index for a reinforced concrete bridge while considering various usage and damage parameters. This tool pioneers by considering the reliability of three ultimate limit states: flexure and shear for beams and punching shear for the slab. In order to represent the failure mode of the bridge, system reliability analysis is used to model the structure as a system. A damage model predicts in time the properties of a structure undergoing corrosion caused by the application of de-icing salts: corrosion causes a reduction of the rebar’s diameter and spalling of the concrete cover. This computer tool was used to compare the reliability of bridges with two, three, five and six girders undergoing different damaging scenarios. Results show the importance of considering a spatial-variant reliability index for a girder. It is also shown that ignoring possible correlation among structural elements overestimates the reliability of low-redundant structures, modelled as series systems, and underestimates the reliability of high-redundant structures, modelled as complex systems. The study of homogeneous and non-homogeneous damaging scenarios shows the existence of corrosion-sensitive sections and failure modes that, if damaged, affect significantly the reliability of the bridge. Lastly, performance cycles were defined in order to evaluate the life service of a bridge, which is to estimate the time when the bridge will get below its target reliability index and to estimate when certain damages will occur. This type of methodology enables the prediction of a structure’s lifetime performance; it could facilitate the management of structures operations by making possible the comparison of multiple bridges performance.
Casaux-Ginestet, Géraldine. "Modélisation tridimensionnelle du comportement sismique d'ouvrages en béton armé : développement de méthodes simplifiées." Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003DENS0033.
Full textHamza, Sami. "Analyse probabiliste de la vulnérabilité sismique des bâtiments existants : application aux structures à portiques en béton armé." Université de Marne-la-Vallée, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007MARN0332.
Full textThe civil engineering structures contain many sources of uncertainties, specially for the ageing ones, for which there is lake of data about the initial conditions and the evolution of the material properties in time. Earthquake regulations propose for that kind of buildings to proceed either with linear and nonlinear analysis to evaluate their resistance. This research aims to propose a methodology to estimate the reliability of a R/C frame structure under earthquake, taking into account the non linear behavior of the materials and the uncertainties in the dynamic system. The mean model is based on a a nonlinear finite element modelling of the structure. This FEM modelling allows to completely identify the failure mode into the structure : kind, cause, order. . . A stochastic linear analysis is made using the non parametric model applied to the reduced matrices of mass, stiffness and damping of the mean model and a Monte Carlo procedure. The random nonlinear behavior is then, treated by developing a mixed probabilistic model, combining a non parametric model applied on the reduced dynamic system and representing the linear part of the structure ; and a parametric model applied on the plastic localised parts of the structural element, representing the nonlinear part. Taking into account the effects of randomness in the nonlinearities allows us, on the one hand, to estimate the sensitivity of the structure to linear uncertainties in the case of a nonlinear behavior ; and on another hand, to compare this sensitivity to the linear and nonlinear uncertainties
Cheriet, Taoufik. "Contribution à l’étude du béton arme expansif." Lyon, INSA, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989ISAL0057.
Full textSabri, Mohamed. "Contribution à l'analyse de la réponse aux chocs de structures en béton armé." Chambéry, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006CHAMS037.
Full textIn mountainous regions where the risk of rock falls on structures is significant, one of the current preoccupations is to identify the impact forces and to analyse the damage of impacted structures. The purpose of the presented study is to provide a contribution to the response analysis of reinforced concrete structures under shocks. Three axes have been approached in this study : (i) The direct analysis of impact solicitations. This study is concentrating on developing the shock behaviour equations by means of differential or partial differential equations. The solution of studied problems has been established by developing an analytical method of resolution (the model of double deformable masses) and by finite element method. The developed direct analysis allows, on the one hand, to obtain the displacements, deformations and accelerations fields at shock and, on the other hand, to evaluate the sensibility of direct response to input variables, with a view to the inverse analysis. (ii) The inverse analysis of impact solicitations. This analysis points out the two main difficulties of inverse problems due to dynamic solicitations: on the one hand, the experimentation and real boundary conditions misappreciation problems and, on the other hand, the specific problems related to inverse problem resolution. (iii) The development of simplified models applied to the impact force estimation in the structurally dissipating rock-shed. The work realized in this third part propounds damage and applied forces estimation approach using experimental measurements. The results of this research are applicable in early phase of conception or in pre-project phase where the forces in impacted slabs or beams are analysed in function of geometry
Razani, Mahmoud. "Contribution à l’étude du comportement des dalles en béton arme et fibre sous sollicitation de choc." Lyon, INSA, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990ISAL0036.
Full text[The aim of our work is to determine the characteristics induced in the behaviour of reinforced concrete slabs under impact of deformable projectiles, by mixing metallic fibres with concrete. In the bibliographic chapter, we first present the essential computation methods for one-degree and distributed-mass systems, and large-scale tests of slabs intended to give empirical formulas direct! y used in design of particular buildings. Then, we lay out principal tests showing the influence of parameters such as material characteristics, shape of specimen, and loading conditions, on the mechanical behaviour of specimens (pattern of failure, strain energy, -strength,. . . ). Second chapter concerns static and impact instrumented tests carried out on materials, showing the influence of strain rate on the compression stress-strain curve. The third chapter describes static and impact tests on slabs. Deflections and strains at different points of the slab and sections, and also the load, are measured. Load-deflection and moment-curvature curves are deduced. In the last chapter, first, moment-curvature curves of sections are computed from stress-strain curves of materials, by a numerical method taking into account post-rupture part of concrete tension stress-strain curve. Secondly, impact response of slabs is computed, using a finite element numerical code, considering bilinear moment-curvature curves. Third part concerns numerical computation by modelling the slab and its elastic support into undamped two-degree spring-mass system, considering variations of flexibility coefficient at cracking and plastification. Last part contains a simple method based on rectangular load function and bilinear elastoplastic moment-curvature curves. ]
Delhomme, Fabien. "Etude du comportement sous impact d'une structure pare-blocs en béton armé." Chambéry, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005CHAMS004.
Full textThis thesis studies the behaviour of a new concept for a protection gallery under rock fall, called Structurally Dissipating Rock-shed (SDR). The main innovation, compared to conventional solutions, is to dissipate the impact energy directly into the reinforced concrete slab or into fuse supports, and no longer in a cushion layer. The dynamic phenomena, taking place during the impact of a block onto the slab, are analyzed by means of experiments on a 1/3 scale SDR structure. The percussion loads applied to the slab, during the contact phase with the block, are assessed as weIl as the various energy transfers and dissipations. The results allowed to validate the operating and repair principles of the SDR and revealed that the slab is damaged by three main mechanisms: the punching, the bending and the breaking clown at surface level of the impacted zone. The principal experimental values are found by numerical simulations of the tests with a finite elements tool. A simplified mechanical model "masses-springs-damping" is also developed with the aim of implementing design methods for engineering offices. The prospects for this work are to succeed in establishing design and construction recommendations for structurally dissipating rock-sheds
Plamondon, Millie. "Étude de l'influence de l'endommagement sur la fiabilité d'un pont existant en béton armé." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25898/25898.pdf.
Full textAVERBUCH, DANIEL. "Approche du dimensionnement des structures en béton armé par le calcul à la rupture." Marne-la-vallée, ENPC, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ENPC9611.
Full textNahas, Georges. "Calcul à la ruine des structures en béton." Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066608.
Full textZyskowski, Adam. "Méthodes et modèles pour l'évaluation des conséquences de la rupture d'une structure en béton armé sous l'action d'un souffle." Orléans, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ORLE2006.
Full textUlm, Franz-Josef. "Modélisation élastoplastique avec endommagement du béton de structure. Application aux calculs statiques et dynamiques de structures en béton armé et béton précontraint." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, 1994. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00529366.
Full textRichard, Théo. "Capteur sans électronique pour la surveillance sans fil de la santé des infrastructures maritimes." Thesis, Nantes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020NANT4064.
Full textThe natural evolution of hydraulic concrete as well as the effect generated by pathogens (i.e. chloride ions) have a direct impact on the durability of reinforced concrete structures. This thesis project aims at implementing a new SHM approach to engineering structures. This approach is based on the development of a passive, autonomous and low-cost sensor, directly integrated into the concrete coating of the structures and communicating wirelessly with external interrogators. This technological solution aims at establishing a predictive maintenance process based on the monitoring of chloride penetration fronts and therefore of reinforcement corrosion. A preliminary phase of digital modelling and experiments allowed us to optimize the choice of the sensor topology. The first prototypes of drowned antennas insensitive to changes in the dielectric states of healthy and degraded concrete were produced. These antennas were then coupled to loads on the periphery of their radiating surfaces. These fillers are sensitive to chlorides. The combination of these two elements defines the architecture of the passive and autonomous sensor. The operating principle of the sensor is related to the length reduction of its load, which is in direct contact with chlorides due to corrosion. his degradation induces a change in the resonance frequency of the sensor, which acts as an indicator of degradation of the concrete coating. By reflecting the EM waves emitted from an antenna on the surface of the structure, it is possible to recover information about the corrosion state of the load. This defines the principle of our technological solution, without power supply and without integrated electronics. Finally, extensive experimental campaigns on laboratory-controlled concrete test bodies which represent the regional fleet of structures, enabled us to validate our approach
Aitali, Méhéna. "Contribution à l'étude de la fiabilité des poutres hyperstatiques en béton armé." Toulouse, INSA, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992ISAT0031.
Full textMeftah, Fekri. "Contribution à l'étude numérique des modes localises de rupture dans les structures en béton de type poutres : approche multicouches par la plasticité au gradient." Lyon, INSA, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997ISAL0005.
Full textStructural geometrical exhibit stain softening due to non-homogeneous deformations. Softening behavior is a precursor to failure and involves localization of deformation. When it is taken into account, in a standard continuum theories, such as convention plasticity, the strain softening phenomenon leads to ill-posed boundary or initial value problems, since the governing equations loose ellipticity or hyperbolicity. Therefore, numerical simulations suffer from extreme mesh dependence. The localization zone is complexly determined by the discretization and convergence to unique solution in no more obtained. In this work, the gradient-dependent plasticity theory is used as a localization limiter to prevent standard continuum deficiency. The essential feature of this theory is the dependence of the yield function upon the second order spatial gradient of the plastic strain measure. This term allows keeping well-posed character of the problem during localization. Furthermore, the gradient dependence makes difficult to determine the increments of the plastic multiplier, since the consistency condition is a partial differential equation. Therefore, it is satisfied in a weak or distributed sense, leading to a mixed formulation where the plastic strain filed is discretized in addition to the usual discretization of the displacement filed. In this contribution, a layered approach based on gradient plasticity is developed. A gradient dependent layered beam finite element is then elaborated. It allows ensuring numerical solution which is mesh independent. Application to concrete and reinforced concrete beams under static and impulsive loading ie presented to validate and illustrate the approach. The use of the fracture energy as a material parameter and the possibility of the model to describe the size effect are also scrutinized
Fnine, Abdelilah. "Ausculation de la peau du béton par ondes ultrasonores haute fréquence." Lille 1, 2006. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2006/50376-2006-Fnine.pdf.
Full textOrellan, Herrera Juan-Carlos. "Efficacité et effets secondaires des techniques électrochimiques de maintenance des structures en béton armé." Toulouse 3, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002TOU30220.
Full textThang, Anh Long. "Évaluation de la dégradation du béton par ondes ultrasonores." Lille 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2007LIL10164.
Full textLoukil, Olfa. "Etude expérimentale et numérique de la dégradation d'éléments structurels en béton armé par corrosion sous courant imposé." Thesis, Paris Est, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PESC1138/document.
Full textCorrosion of steel in reinforced concrete generates iron oxides which induce tensile stresses at the steel/concrete interface leading to the concrete cover cracking and loss of reinforcing bar cross-section. The evaluation of such pathology remains difficult and consequently limits the assessment of the structure serviceability, the knowledge on the degradation evolution, and the choice of a suitable repair method. The aim of this study is to correlate internal degradations (corrosion products formation and concrete cracking) induced by steel corrosion to external degradations (concrete cracking).The experimental program aims to determine these degradation mechanisms. The accelerated corrosion tests are carried out on reinforced concrete specimens in the presence of chloride ions by applying a constant current using three current densities (50,100 and 200 µA/cm²) during different exposure periods.Electrochemical properties of reinforced concrete specimens are determined before and after the accelerated corrosion tests. The quantitative evaluation of the corrosion products at the steel/concrete interface based on SEM observations (microscopic scale) demonstrates an important heterogeneity in the distribution and thicknesses (between 0 and 1584 µm). This heterogeneity can be explained by the evolution of anodic and cathodic zones due to different factors such as the non symmetric geometry of the specimens, the accelerated corrosion test environment (moisture, chloride ions and oxygen gradients), and the characteristics of concrete (aggregates, porosity).The internal (angular position, width, and length of cracks) and external crack patterns (maximum crack width) induced by the formation of corrosion products are analyzed. One to five internal cracks are identified in the internal crack patterns and they are classified in three groups. The first and second groups contain horizontal and vertical cracks which propagate in the direction of the shortest concrete cover. The third group is constituted of oblique cracks which are located in the opposite side of the horizontal cracks. The widths of the internal cracks range between 0.1 to 0.4 mm and their lengths between 1 to 3 cm. The maximum external crack widths are between 0.1 to 0.7 mm and are located on the shortest cover sides of the specimens.The maximum effort applied during the pull-out tests decreases with increasing levels of corrosion. However, the corrosion levels reach during the tests are too low to affect the steel/concrete interface behavior. The failure mode identified during the testing is concrete splitting failure regardless the corrosion level. A cause/effect scenario is proposed between steel corrosion and the mechanical induced degradation considering all experimental results.Based on experimental results, two models are proposed. The first one is developed to explain corrosion initiation and propagation. This model is able to determine the corrosion initiation time for each current density.The second model analyses the concrete cover mechanical behavior. The numerical results show that taking into account only the thickness of corrosion products (as an experimental input) does not generate a numerical cracking pattern similar to the experimental one. Then, complementary calculations considering a different distribution of the corrosion product’s thicknesses allow enhancing the agreement between experimental and numerical results
Robert, Florent. "Contribution à l'analyse non linéaire géométrique et matérielle des ossatures spatiales en Génie Civil : application aux ouvrages d'art." Lyon, INSA, 1999. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/1999ISAL0032/these.pdf.
Full textIn the field of civil engineering, the current trend to design structures more and more slender and the need to reduce the quantities of material, lead designers to make nonlinear calculations taking into account of the nonlinearities of the System. In the field of engineering structures, considering both material and geometrical nonlinearities is essential, therefrom the necessity to have computer tools fitting the profession and solving that problem. We propose a space convected coordinates based formulation consisting in breaking up the movement of a particle into a large rigid body movement and a small movement inducing strains. Large displacements and large rotations are taken into account for tridimensional beam éléments, whereas the material nonlinearity is based on the hypothesis of small strains. We can modelize space frames made of métal, of reinforced concrète or prestressed concrète. Delayed effects, that are concrète shrinkage and creep and prestressed concrète steel relaxation, are integrated in the général resolution scheme. In order to simulate the engineering structures construction and to study their statics, we consider large displacements for articulations, and we develop a spécifie beam élément that simulâtes correctly the behaviour of weighty cables, even though when not tensed. From the initial stress matrix, we develop the linear instability calculation. We propose the possible extension of our resolution scheme from static loads to dynamic ones. We validate our approach by comparing the results of our calculations tô the expérimental results or the theoretical solution of représentative tests. At last, an example of use of the programme on a real project is shown : the simulation of the replacement of the suspension System of the Tancarville Bridge
Hasnaoui, Fadhila. "Modélisations simplifiées pour l’analyse du risque sismique de bâtiments en béton armé." Thesis, Paris 10, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA100082.
Full textThis PhD is part of the MARS project (Advanced Methods for Seismic Risk, EDF R&D). It relates particularity to the development of simplified and robust calculation. The overall aim is to significantly reduce the intensive computation time without loosing a reliable simulation of the seismic response of reinforced concrete buildings methods. Seismic risk analysis requires a very large number of repeated calculations to account for uncertainties of both the loading (seismichazard) and the nonlinear behaviour of structures. ln the first part of this work, a bibliographic study on seismic resolution models for reinforced concrete buildings is provided. This step allows collecting the maximum of necessary elements to understand and identify all the parameters, advantages, disadvantages and limits of use of each finite element calculation method. In the second part, a macro—elements for beam—column joint associated to a nonlinear behavior to reflect the response to the structure under seismic loads ls developed. Kinematic assumptions have been adopted to limit the number of degrees of freedom. The law of global shear behavior is described in the context of plasticity. A model with kinematic hardening is chosen to account for the dissipation due to cracking. Model parameters are identified from experimental results or pre-calculated by analysis on a local scale vla 3D finite element calculation or the implied "Modihed Compression Field Theory Numerical analyses were performed to validate the proposed approach against experimental tests available in the literature
Delemontey, Yvan. "Le béton assemblé : préfabriquer la France de l’après-guerre (1940-1955)." Paris 8, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA083273.
Full textIn French cities after the Second World War, reconstruction heralded a rethink in the scale of building along with the rise of a novel, state-run form of construction management. The State, requiring vast numbers of homes to be built, set about industrialising the means of production, transforming irrevocably a building sector long wedded to ancestral habits. The result was a particularly French solution: prefabricated concrete. A cross between the hegemony of material and an infatuation with new production methods, this solution made the construction process the designer's central preoccupation. This thesis begins by looking at the position of prefabrication within the discourse of the immediate post-war era. It then considers the impact of foreign influences, especially those of the American "scene", on the modernisation of building methods and techniques. It then considers prefab development diachronically: it shows how, in an early phase (1940-49), a lack of resources stimulated astonishing progress as prefabrication broke away from the metals industry - its traditional partner - and became instead inseparable from the masonry sector; and it highlights the role of prefabrication, during a later phase marked by growing improvement in the nation's economic and material welfare (1949-1955), in the structural paradigm shift that occurred in housing at the turn of the decade
Nader, Christian. "Stratégie multi-échelles de modélisation probabiliste de la fissuration des structures en béton armé." Thesis, Paris Est, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PESC1157/document.
Full textNo modeling approach exists nowadays that can provide reliable information about the cracking process in large/complex reinforced concrete structures. However, this is an important issue for controlling the lifespan of structures, which is at the heart of the principal of sustainable development. In this work we introduce a new approach to model the cracking processes in large reinforced concrete structures, like dams or nuclear power plants. For these types of structures it is unreasonable, due to calculation time, to explicitly model the rebars and the steel-concrete bond. Nevertheless, access to data about the cracking process is imperative for structural analysis and diffusion problems. So in order to draw the information about cracking in the structure, without resorting to the use of local approaches, we developed a probabilistic macroscopic cracking model based on a multi-scale simulation strategy. The strategy is a sort of a multi-steps process that takes over the whole modelization of the structure in the framework of the finite element method, from meshing, to model creation, and parameter identification. The heart of the strategy is inspired from regression (supervised learning) algorithms: data on the local scale | the training data coupled with working knowledge of the mechanical problem | would shape the macroscopic model. The probabilistic macroscopic model's identification is case-specific because it holds information about the local behavior, obtained in advance via numerical experimentation. This information is then projected to the macroscopic finite element scale via inverse analysis. Numerical experiments are performed using a validated cracking model for concrete and a bond model for the steel-concrete interface, allowing for a fine description of the cracking processes. Although the identification phase can be relatively time-consuming, the structural simulation is as a result, very time-efficient, leading to a sensitive reduction of the overall computational time, with no loss in information/accuracy of results on the macroscopic scale
Saad, Lara. "Optimisation du coût du cycle de vie des structures en béton armé." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016CLF22692/document.
Full textCivil engineering structures, particularly reinforced concrete bridges, should be designed and managed to ensure the society needs. It is crucial to assure that these structures function properly and safely as damage during the service life can lead to transport disturbance, catastrophic loss of property, causalities, as well as severe economic, social, and environmental impacts, in addition to long term consequences. Decision-makers adopt various activities to maintain adequate long-term performance and functionality while satisfying financial constraints. Ideally, they may employ optimization techniques to identify the trade-offs between minimizing the life-cycle cost (LCC) and maximizing the expected service life. This requires the development of three challenging chores: life cycle analysis, reliability analysis and structural optimization. The current approaches for the design and management of structures through a Life-cycle cost analysis (LCCA) highlight the following needs: (1) an integrated and systematic approach to model coherently the deterioration processes, the increasing traffic loads, the aging and the direct and indirect consequences of failure, (2) a mutual consideration of economic, structural and stochastic dependencies between the elements of a structural system, (3) an adequate approach for the deterioration dependencies and load redistribution between the elements, (4) an improvement of system reliability computation as a function of the structural redundancy and configuration that can take into account the dependencies between the elements, (5) a consideration of design and maintenance optimization procedures that focus coherently on the robustness of the management decision and on the satisfaction of reliability requirements.The overall objective of this study is to provide improved LCCA and procedures that can be applied to select optimal and robust design and maintenance decisions regarding new and existing reinforced concrete structures, by minimizing both manager and user costs, while providing the required safety along the structure lifetime, taking into account the most severe degradation processes and the dependencies between structural elements. In the first part of this thesis, a literature review concerning the current probabilistic design and maintenance procedures is presented, and the LCC components are discussed. Then, a new approach is developed to evaluate the user delay costs on a reinforced concrete bridge structure, based on direct and indirect costs related to degradation and failure, and to integrate it to the life cycle cost function, in order to allow for probabilistic design. In addition,the coupled corrosion-fatigue model is considered in the design optimization. Afterward, a structural maintenance planning approach is developed to consider the three types of interactions, namely economic, structural and stochastic dependencies. The proposed model uses fault tree analysis and conditional probabilities to reflect the dependencies in the maintenance planning. The consequences of degradation are evaluated and a method is proposed to account for the load redistribution. Moreover, a practical formulation for quantifying the reliability of a system formed of interrelated components is proposed, by the mean of a redundancy factor that can be computed by finite element analysis. Finally, a new optimization procedure is proposed, by taking into account the uncertainties in the analysis, and the structural ability to adapt to variability, unforeseen actions or deterioration mechanisms. The proposed procedure takes account of uncertainties andvariability in one consistent formulation, which is shown through numerical applications. (...)
Licordari, Mariangela Carolina. "Le béton armé dans l'architecture portugaise du mouvement moderne : des édifices industriels à l'architecture civile (1925 - 1965)." Thesis, Paris 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA01H016.
Full textThe arrival of reinforced concrete on the world architectural panorama causes a real revolution in the way of designing and building architectural spaces. It is obviously on the modernity of this material which rests the continuity of an image which crosses a whole century, from the first experiences in the field of infrastructure and industry to the experiments of the pioneers of the Modern Movement, until the big brutal works of the period postwar. In fact, beyond the definitions used to conceptually and stylistically fix this era, we can say with conviction that all the most significant architectural achievements of the twentieth century were marked and characterized by the expressive and technical centrality of reinforced concrete.The desire, then, to focus attention on the specific case of Portugal, and on the role of reinforced concrete in the stylistic definition of the Modern Portuguese Movement, is born from a dual will: on the one hand, the desire to analyze a country which, despite being so peripheral and small compared to other major European countries, was able to influence and mark with its presence much of the architecture of the second half of the twentieth century; on the other hand, the desire to deepen an insufficiently explored theme such as the intrinsic relationship between reinforced concrete and Portuguese architecture. It is a complicated relationship, characterized at first by an ideological conflict between tradition and modernity. As for other European countries, also in Portugal the industrial buildings represent the most immediate proof of this upheaval.Built partially and then entirely of reinforced concrete, they become the first means of diffusion and experimentation of the technique and the symbol of modernity sought.Their structural complexity and their architectural majesty become proof of the innovative potentialities gained through the new construction technique and the means of expression of the new spatial concepts of the modern movement. The birth of modern architecture, then, can be rethought as dependent on the concepts of functionalism and rationalism of industrial buildings and on the relationship that she will have with the new material. There is no doubt that these new architectural forms are the result of the structural nature of reinforced concrete and the versatility of the construction system, as there is no doubt that industrial prototypes literally become the starting point for a new architecture. It is therefore the birth of a “new era”, where architecture can begin to be formulated through a new expressive means: the reinforced concrete
A chegada do betão armado no panorama arquitectónico mundial provoca uma verdadeira revolução na forma de projetar e construir espaços arquitectónicos. É obviamente sobre a modernidade deste material que se baseia a continuidade de uma imagem que atravessa todo um século, desde as primeiras experiências no campo da infra-estrutura e da indústria até os ensaios dos pioneiros do Movimento Moderno et as grandes obras brutalistas do período pós-guerra. De fato, para além das definições usadas para fixar conceitualmente e estilisticamente essa era, podemos afirmar com convicção que todas as realizações arquitectónicas mais significativas do século XX foram marcadas e caracterizadas pela centralidade expressiva e técnica do betão armado.A decisão de centrar a atenção no caso específico de Portugal, e no papel do betão armado na definição estilística do Movimento moderno português, nasce de uma dupla vontade: por um lado, o desejo de analisar um país que, apesar de ser tão periférico e pequeno em comparação com os outros grandes países europeus, foi capaz de influenciar e marcar com a sua presença grande parte da arquitectura da segunda metade do século XX; por outro lado, a vontade de aprofundar um tema insuficientemente explorado, como a relação intrínseca entre o material e a arquitectura portuguesa. É uma relação complicada, caracterizada inicialmente por um conflito ideológico entre tradição e modernidade. Quanto a outros países europeus, também em Portugal os edifícios industriais representam a prova mais imediata desta evolução. Construídos parcialmente e depois inteiramente de betão armado, tornam-se o primeiro meio de difusão e experimentação da técnica e o símbolo da modernidade buscada. As suas complexidade estrutural e majestade arquitectônica passam a ser prova das potencialidades inovadoras adquiridas através da nova técnica de construção e o meio de expressão dos novos conceitos espaciais do Movimento moderno. O nascimento da arquitectura moderna, então, pode ser repensado como dependente dos conceitos de funcionalismo e racionalismo dos edifícios industriais e da ligação que ela terá com o novo material. Não há dúvida de que essas novas formas arquitectónicas são o resultado da natureza estrutural do betão armado e da versatilidade do sistema de construção, pois é indubitável de que os protótipos industriais literalmente se tornam o ponto de partida para uma nova arquitectura. É, portanto, o nascimento de uma “nova era”, onde a arquitectura pode começar a formular-se através dum novo meio expressivo: o betão armado
Chiriatti, Léon. "Etude de l'adhérence armature-béton, influence des granulats de béton recyclé et apport des mesures acoustiques." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018STRAD040/document.
Full textThe use of recycled concrete aggregate (i.e. aggregate produced from concrete demolition rubble) has a significant impact on the mechanical behavior of reinforced concrete members. This work focuses on the influence of recycled concrete aggregate on rebar-concrete bond. First, an analytical madel of the rebar-concrete bond is developed. The original feature of this modellies in the limited number of non-free physically-based parameters on which it is based. These parameters are then experimentally determined through a pull out test campaign. Three types of concrete, including two recycled aggregate concretes, are studied. Pull-out test monitoring is completed by acoustic measurements in order to obtain data from inside the concrete bulk, where the reinforcing bar is located
Gomez-Cardenas, Carolina. "Outils d'aide à l'optimisation des campagnes d'essais non destructifs sur ouvrages en béton armé." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU30177/document.
Full textNon-destructive testing methods (NDT) are essential for estimating concrete properties (mechanical or physical) and their spatial variability. They also constitute an useful tool to reduce the budget auscultation of a structure. The proposed approach is included in an ANR project (EvaDéOS) whose objective is to optimize the monitoring of civil engineering structures by implementing preventive maintenance to reduce diagnosis costs. In this thesis, the objective was to characterize at best a peculiar property of concrete (e.g. mechanical strength, porosity, degree of saturation, etc.), with technical ND sensitive to the same properties. For this aim, it is imperative to develop objective tools that allow to rationalize a test campaign on reinforced concrete structures. For this purpose, first, it is proposed an optimal spatial sampling tool to reduce the number of auscultation points. The most commonly used algorithm is the spatial simulated annealing (SSA). This procedure is regularly used in geostatistical applications, and in other areas, but yet almost unexploited for civil engineering structures. In the thesis work, an original optimizing spatial sampling method (OSSM) inspired in the SSA and based on the spatial correlation was developed and tested in the case of on-site auscultation with two complementary fitness functions: mean prediction error and the error on the estimation of the global variability. This method is divided into three parts. First, the spatial correlation of ND measurements is modeled by a variogram. Then, the relationship between the number of measurements organized in a regular grid and the objective function is determined using a spatial interpolation method called kriging. Finally, the OSSM algorithm is used to minimize the objective function by changing the positions of a smaller number of ND measurements and for obtaining at the end an optimal irregular grid. Destructive testing (DT) are needed to corroborate the information obtained by the ND measurements. Because of the cost and possible damage to the structure, an optimal sampling plan to collect a limited number of cores is important. For this aim, a procedure using data fusion based on the theory of possibilities and previously developed is used to estimate the properties of concrete from the ND. Through a readjustment bias requiring DTs performed on carrots, it is calibrated. Knowing that there is uncertainty about the results of DTs performed on carrots, it is proposed to take into account this uncertainty and propagate it through the calibration on the results of the fused data. By propagating this uncertainty, it is obtained mean fused values with a standard deviation. One can thus provide a methodology for positioning and minimizing the number of cores required to auscultate a structure by two methods: first, using the OSSM for the results of fused properties values in each measuring point and the second by the minimization of the average standard deviation over all of the fused points obtained after the propagation of DTs uncertainties. Finally, in order to propose an alternative to the possibility theory, neural networks are also tested as alternative methods for their relevance and usability
Tissier, Yolaine. "Etude des processus de corrosion et de la réparation par traitement électrochimique d’extraction des ions chlorure dans les bétons armés doublement contaminés (carbonatation et chlorures)." Thesis, Paris Est, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PESC1207/document.
Full textReinforcement corrosion is known as the first cause of reinforced concrete degradation in the fields of civil engineering structures and historical monuments. Corrosion occurs when concrete cover is carbonated or when chloride ions are present in sufficient quantity at the reinforcement vicinity.The main objectives of this thesis are to investigate the corrosion processes of the reinforcement when the concrete is contaminated by carbonation as well as chloride ions and to evaluate a cathodic electrochemical treatment as a repair solution.To meet these objectives, three phases were investigated: (1) artificial agings, (2) an electrochemical chloride extraction (ECE) treatment and (3) durability. For each of these phases, the evolutions (1) of the rebar corrosion in concrete, (2) of the corrosion products at the reinforcement/concrete interface and (3) of the cementitious matrix were studied.The scientific approach gathered multiple analyzes at different scales and the use of non-destructive, destructive or in situ technique. It allowed to study the corrosion processes before and after treatment and to discuss results according to efficiency criteria suggested.The study was carried out taking into account two cements (CEM I and CEM III/A) and considering two modes of artificial aging. More than three hundred specimens of reinforced micro-concrete, corresponding to four concrete designs, were therefore studied. The main techniques used were non-destructive electrochemical characterizations, SEM and EDS characterizations, destructive quantitative determinations (chloride ion content) and qualitative determinations (pH evaluation), and finally Raman microspectrometry to determine the nature of the corrosion products.The results highlighted some evolutions of different characteristics studied during the phases of the study. Before treatment, the concrete cover was entirely carbonated and the free chloride content at the reinforcement level was in the range of 0.9-2.1% by weight of cement depending on the concrete design. A 10 μA/cm² average corrosion currents was reported and a homogeneous corrosion layer thickness of about 5-10 μm was observed. During in situ Raman analysis, chloride green rust was identified indicating an active corrosion.After treatment, more than 90% of the chloride ions were extracted and the thickness of the concrete which had a pH value higher than 9 around the reinforcement, was about 1 cm. The corrosion currents became less than 0.1 μA/cm² (negligible corrosion level). The formation of magnetite was mostly observed with nevertheless a local presence of residual green rust. No significant deleterious evolution of the cementitious matrix was identified. The treatment efficiency was therefore demonstrated. The evaluation of the treatment durability over a period of 4 to 12 months showed that the electrochemical characteristics remained stable. On the other hand, a decrease in the concrete area which pH increased during the electrochemical treatment was observed for CEM III/A cement which could lead to a corrosion recovery over the longer term. Finally, the in situ Raman study revealed differences in durability as a function of the treatment duration
Zhao, Guoqiang. "Etude expérimentale et numérique de la résistance à l'effondrement progressif de sous-assemblages poteaux-poutres en béton armé." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAI043/document.
Full textImportant buildings may be subjected to accidental loads, such as explosions or impacts, during their service life. It is, therefore, necessary not only to evaluate their safety under traditional loads and seismic action. The structural performances related to progressive collapse scenarios need to be investigated.The study of progressive collapse involves a dynamic problem, but unfortunately dynamic experiments on the behavior of the civil engineering structures under dynamic conditions are rare. In this research, beam-column sub-assemblage specimens were tested under dynamic load. The loading program consists in placing a large mass, as a dead load, on the top of the middle column of a beam-column sub-assemblage. The support under the middle column is suddenly removed for simulating the sudden loss of a column and the damage that will result in the structure. The loading system and supporting devices were designed specially for this test. The upper dead load can be changed by increasing or decreasing the applied masse to different specimens. The supports for the side column have a controlled rigidity in the horizontal direction and are designed to restrain rotation of the side-column. Thus, the boundary conditions are supposed to be similar to real situations. During the test, a laser was installed under the middle pillar to collect the falling velocity and a high-speed camera was used to visualize the whole process of the component failure process. The images obtained from the camera were processed by Digital Image Correlation (DIC) technology to get the corresponding displacements and strain fields. By these means, all the information of the structure under dynamic loading was captured and recorded, such as the period of vibration, frequency, velocity and displacement. Based on these experimental data, the effect of section and span of the specimen on dynamic response and damage mode was discussed. Time history of resistance force curves was produced. Compared with previous published quasi-static experiments in terms of structural mechanisms, crack patterns, damage mode, it shows the experimental results from beam-column assemblage with the designed support device can be used to analyze the behavior of the local structure in the entire frame.In addition, numerical simulations were developed for simulating the failing process of the structure. A technique named “connector” was proposed into beam-column finite element model by adding a series of springs to investigate the interaction between steel rebars and concrete. A concrete damage model, named DFH-KST model, was used to characterize the development of concrete crack and damage. The versatility of the adopted methodology allows assessing the influence of the material nonlinear behavior and the geometry of the tested structure. Calibration and validation studies show that the proposed model can successfully represent the resistance of structure and behavior. Furthermore, the transverse component effect on the resistance to progressive collapse was discussed
Secourgeon, Estelle. "Caractérisation et modélisation du comportement des jonctions voile-plancher en béton armé pour l’analyse sismique des ouvrages de Génie Civil et des équipements." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASN015.
Full textAs part of the periodic reassessments of the seismic safety of nuclear installations, EDF has to characterize the behavior of the structures of reinforced concrete nuclear buildings and the equipment they support. Engineering studies are based on finite element numerical simulation. To improve the capabilities of these calculations, EDF launched a research program on the experimental characterization and numerical modeling of the reinforced concrete structures wall-slab connections under seismic loading conditions. The objective is twofold: on the one hand, to refine the calculations of the earthquake spectra transmitted to the equipment supported on the floors, on the other hand, to refine the robustness assessments in the areas around the connections (transmitted forces, reinforcement requirements).The experimental campaign includes a series of two times two reduced-scale reinforced concrete mock-ups, subjected to quasi-static and dynamic cyclic loading by means of the CEA's Azalée vibrating table, in out-of-plane bending and in shear in the slab plane.As already existing in the literature for column-beam junctions, a model of the connection compatible with a plate or shell finite element model of the building is proposed. Its objective is to idealize the specific contribution of the connection in terms of kinematics, stiffness, redistribution of forces and resistance.The contributions of this model are then evaluated based on the results of several experimental campaigns, in particular the test campaign cited above, but also previous campaigns on the dynamic behavior of slabs in nuclear structures. The feasibility of applying the model to an industrial study is also assessed by means of the study of a typical nuclear building. The use of the model made it possible to highlight design margins in terms of reinforcement and floor spectra levels
Rouleau, Nicolas, and Nicolas Rouleau. "Évaluation de l'efficacité de traitements pour la prévention ou la mitigation de la corrosion de l'acier d'armature dans les éléments en béton armé." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/24295.
Full textCette étude visait à évaluer l’efficacité de différentes techniques de protection à prolonger la durée de vie des infrastructures en béton susceptibles d’être atteintes de corrosion des armatures. L’objectif principal du projet était de fournir des informations quantitatives sur l’influence de certaines des stratégies les plus couramment utilisées pour protéger les ouvrages contre la pénétration de l’humidité et des ions chlorure ainsi que pour contrôler l’initiation et la propagation de la réaction de corrosion. Ainsi, l’impact de l’utilisation de scellants non coupe-vapeur, de membranes et de produits inhibiteurs de corrosion (migrateur et adjuvant) a été étudié. Les différents traitements ont été testés sur des corps d’épreuve pré-conditionnés de manière à présenter quatre niveaux de contamination et de détérioration : état vierge non corrodé, état contaminé par les ions chlorure mais non corrodé, état de corrosion initiée et état de propagation de la corrosion. Un des objectifs spécifiques de cette étude était d’évaluer l’influence des différents traitements sur l’évolution de facteurs comme la distribution interne de l’humidité relative, la distribution des ions chlorure ainsi que l’activité de corrosion. Pour ce faire, 51 dalles de béton armé ont été fabriquées et exposées à des cycles de mouillage (brouillard salin) et de séchage dans une chambre environnementale. Afin de caractériser l’évolution de l’activité de corrosion propre à chaque condition, un suivi électrochimique des éléments comportant des mesures de potentiel électrochimique et de résistance à la polarisation linéaire a été assuré. À la suite de la période de cyclage dans la chambre de brouillard salin, une autopsie a été pratiqué sur une sélection de corps d’épreuve. Cette opération avait pour but de dégager les barres d’armature de manière à caractériser les zones anodiques.
This study aimed at evaluating the capacity of various protection techniques to extend the service-life of concrete infrastructure affected by reinforcement corrosion. The main objective of this project was to provide quantitative information on the influence of some of the most commonly used strategies in practice to protect reinforced concrete structures against the initiation and propagation of corrosion, respectively non-vapor barrier sealants, waterproofing membranes and corrosion inhibitors products (penetrating and admixture). The various treatments were tested on laboratory-size concrete test slabs pre-conditioned in such a way to exhibit four different stages of contamination and deterioration: virgin, contaminated by chlorides but not corroded, corrosion initiated and corrosion propagating. A specific objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of different treatments on the evolution of various factors such as the internal distribution of relative humidity, the distribution of chlorides and the corrosion activity. Through two successive experimental phases, 51 test slabs were produced and subjected to cycles of wetting (salt spray) and drying in an environmental chamber. In order to monitor the evolution of the corrosion activity for each condition, half-cell potential and linear polarization measurements were carried out on all specimens at regular time intervals. Following the period of cycling in the salt spray chamber, an autopsy was performed on a selection of tested slabs in order to expose the reinforcing steel rebars and allow a characterization of the anodic areas.
This study aimed at evaluating the capacity of various protection techniques to extend the service-life of concrete infrastructure affected by reinforcement corrosion. The main objective of this project was to provide quantitative information on the influence of some of the most commonly used strategies in practice to protect reinforced concrete structures against the initiation and propagation of corrosion, respectively non-vapor barrier sealants, waterproofing membranes and corrosion inhibitors products (penetrating and admixture). The various treatments were tested on laboratory-size concrete test slabs pre-conditioned in such a way to exhibit four different stages of contamination and deterioration: virgin, contaminated by chlorides but not corroded, corrosion initiated and corrosion propagating. A specific objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of different treatments on the evolution of various factors such as the internal distribution of relative humidity, the distribution of chlorides and the corrosion activity. Through two successive experimental phases, 51 test slabs were produced and subjected to cycles of wetting (salt spray) and drying in an environmental chamber. In order to monitor the evolution of the corrosion activity for each condition, half-cell potential and linear polarization measurements were carried out on all specimens at regular time intervals. Following the period of cycling in the salt spray chamber, an autopsy was performed on a selection of tested slabs in order to expose the reinforcing steel rebars and allow a characterization of the anodic areas.
Velkov, Pance. "Étude de l'approche par le coefficient de comportement de la réponse sismique des murs des bâtiments et des piles de ponts en béton armé." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ECAP0460.
Full textTran, Nhu Cuong. "Développement d'un modèle d'interface acier-béton à haute température : modélisation des structures en béton exposées au feu." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2011. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00657207.
Full textCusson, Benoit. "Renforcement des dalles épaisses en cisaillement." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29046/29046.pdf.
Full textThe degradation of concrete infrastructure is a major concern for organizations such as the Ministère des Transports du Québec (MTQ) which is managing a large network of bridges and transport infrastructure. In recent decades, growth in loads and volume of traffic combined with exposure to aggressive agents caused a rapid deterioration of some of these structures. In parallel, the knowledge in the field of resistance mechanisms, including the scale effect in shear, question the capacity of several structures, such as thick slab bridges without shear reinforcement, to handle traffic loadings. The collapse of the Concorde overpass in 2006, initiated at a thick slab portion without shear reinforcement, highlighted the need to develop a strengthening technique for shear for this type of structure when appropriate. A method was tested at Laval University where vertical reinforcing bars coated with epoxy where inserted in holes drilled from the top face of the structure. The current project furthers the experience by studying a different longitudinal spacing including various methods for anchoring the vertical bars. For this study, five slices of slab with identical geometry were built. Each of these slabs was then reinforced by the various techniques studied. The set of test bodies were loaded in a three-point bending set up to determine the behavior under shear. Meanwhile, pull-out tests were performed to characterize the chemical epoxy anchor used. The results show that both methods requiring drilling from the underside of the slabs tested are too cumbersome to be implemented relative to the resistance gain obtained. Also, the study showed that mechanical anchors are less efficient than chemical anchors. More so, it was found that with an adequate longitudinal spacing, epoxy coated bars inserted from the slab top surface provided a slab behavior similar to the one with stirrups in accordance with the relevant standard (CAN/CSA-S6-06, 2006). The dispersion of cracks and observed reserve capacity following the failure shows that this method has great potential.
Truong, Ba Tam. "Formulation, performances mécaniques, et applications, d’un matériau TRC pour le renforcement et la réparation de structures en béton/et béton armé : Approches expérimentale et numérique." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSEI076/document.
Full textThis study, using both experimental and numerical approaches, will help to better understand the behavior of structure strengthened/repaired by composite based on mineral matrix. It especially focuses on the study of a new coating for drinkable water reservoirs without bisphenol A. The main objective of this thesis is development of a mineral matrix composite. Feasibility, performances and behavior of composite are examined. The experimental program involves different levels of analysis. At material level, the formulation and characterization of a mineral matrix are studied. At structure level, the application of this composite for the strengthening and repair of concrete and reinforced concrete structures is considered. A bending experiment on concrete specimens and the study of twelve reinforced concrete beams submitted to four point bending load, allows presenting good disposition in terms of bearing capacity. Secondly, the local analysis highlights the efficacy of the composite to bridge the crack and stop opening propagation. The effect of two different conservation conditions of beams with TRC (immersion in water compared to in air) was studied. The objective is evaluating the pertinence of TRC conserving in the water environment to apply in the concrete water reservoir structure. The effect evaluation of load history of structures on the efficacy strengthened/repaired of TRC composite is presented. It seems that the pre-cracking does not influence on the qualitative and quantitative behavior of the structure. Concerning the numerical approach, this work aims to establish a numerical model of concrete structure and reinforced concrete structure strengthened/repaired by TRC composite materials. The model, which is based on non-linear behavior laws for the constitutive materials (concrete, steel and TRC composite), is compared, at several scales, with experimental results. The good agreement, both qualitative and quantitative, between the model used and the results as expressed in the load-deflection curves validates the proposed model at a global scale. At local level (longitudinal deformation of the steel, deformation of the concrete, deformation of the TRC, cracks opening…) the digital-experimental comparison confirms a good qualitative and, the quantitative agreement. Finally, the parametric study allows to evaluate the influence of the thickness of the composite TRC (indirectly, the reinforcement ratio of beam), and the influence of the pre-cracking configuration on the global and local behavior of the structure
Nguyen, Ngoc tan. "Évaluation non destructive des structures en béton armé : étude de la variabilité spatiale et de la combinaison des techniques." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0115/document.
Full textThe budgets assigned to the repair of structures and built heritage have reached an alarming level. A scientific approach is needed to reduce these budgets by implementing tools for a more reliable and optimal assessment of existing structures. Non-destructive testing (NDT) techniques constitute one of approaches adapted to real conditions. These techniques are based on well-known physical principles. Many companies offer their services in NDT domain today but many challenges remain. The two particular needs of structure managers are the optimization of the assessment strategy (where to measure? how many testing points? what technique(s) and what precision?) and the quantification of mechanical properties of materials or durability indicators such as the compressive strength, the carbonation depth, the moisture content. The questions are how to estimate these properties from measurements performed, and what are the accuracy and reliability of the evaluation?This thesis is part of two French research projects: ACDC-C2D2 and ANR EVaDéOS. The main objective is to analyze the variability of non-destructive testing (NDT) measurements for assessing the spatial variability of concrete in real conditions. NDT techniques considered are chosen as being complementary: radar, electrical resistivity, ultrasonic, rebound hammer. The results are obtained from a wide campaign of measurements, which was performed on concrete slabs of a testing site and on two existing structures. The analysis of the NDT variability makes it possible to assess the necessary minimum number of measurements for a desired level of confidence. Furthermore, the spatial correlation of the data was modeled using the variogram analysis. In some cases, the results show that NDT measurements are not spatially independent. The correlation lengths identified depend on the measured property and the concrete of the structure inspected. They are a new result, which will provide on one hand a better evaluation of spatial variability of concrete and on the other hand a more realistic input of reliability calculations of structures. The correlation length allows also the identification of an optimal sampling distance on existing structure within the monitoring time or the implementation of additional analyses (eg. core, complementary or more reliable NDT) and a better representation of the spatial mapping of concrete properties.Within the framework of the ANR EvaDéOS research project, the effects of carbonation and of moisture gradients on NDT measurements were studied. This work aims to study the sensitivity of NDT techniques for assessing these two durability indicators and their impact on the variability of NDT measurements. In laboratory, the experimental surveys were carried out on testing specimens having different depths of carbonation or moisture gradients. The effect of carbonation was quantified for several parameters: electrical resistivity, ultrasonic pulse velocity and rebound hammer. With respect to the variability of NDT measurements, the effect of carbonation is only significant in the case of saturated concrete, in particular for the local variability of electrical resistivity and rebound hammer. This effect is weak in comparison with the effect of saturation degree. The first results show also that the measurements of electrical resistivity would follow moisture gradients in concrete
Takorabet, Nacer. "Influence des interfaces sur le comportement des structures composites en béton armé : étude expérimentale et modélisation numérique par la méthode des éléments finis." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989ECAP0106.
Full textTimsah, Yahia. "Simulation numérique du comportement non-linéaire à long terme des ossatures spatiales : prise en compte des déformations différées de retrait et de fluage du béton et de la relaxation de l'acier de précontrainte." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993ECAP0307.
Full textDoulgeroglou, Androniki-Anna. "A novel macroelement to assess the vulnerability of reinforced concrete frame stuctures under severe dynamic loadings." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Nantes, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022ECDN0042.
Full textThis thesis has been carried out in collaboration with Ecole Centrale Nantes and Groupe- ESSOR (thèse CIFRE). The main objective is to develop a simplified tool, based on the macroelement concept, beam theory and the Embedded Finite Element Method (E-FEM), to numerically study the vulnerability of Reinforced Concrete (RC) frame structures subjected to severe dynamic loads and their behavior till failure. A 3D finite element model of a RC structural element is first built and suitable constitutive laws are adopted. Numerical simulations, considering various 3D loading combinations of axial, shear and flexural loads, are carried out to identify characteristic states of the beam sectional response.3D interaction diagrams for symmetrically reinforced concrete square sections with various reinforcement ratios are obtained and a simplifiedstress-resultant constitutive model is implemented in a Timoshenko beam finite element. The softening behavior till failure is finally reproduced by coupling the continuous stress-resultant model to a cohesive model, which describes the response in terms of generalized force-generalized displacement jumps, within E-FEM. Comparisons with experimental results show the performance of the novel macroelementthat being simple and computationally fast is suitable for engineering design purposes
Ghavamian, Shahrokh. "Méthode simplifiée pour la simulation du comportement sismique des structures en béton armé : traitement des effets de l'élancement et estimateur d'erreurs." Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998DENS0007.
Full textLlau, Antoine. "Méthodes de simulation du comportement mécanique non linéaire des grandes structures en béton armé et précontraint : condensation adaptative en contexte aléatoire et représentation des hétérogénéités." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAI029/document.
Full textLarge-scale concrete and reinforced concrete structures, and in particular containment buildings, may undergo localized cracking when they age or endure strong loadings (LOCA for instance). In order to optimize the maintenance actions, a predictive model of concrete damage is required. This phenomenon takes place at a rather small material scale and a predictive model requires a refined mesh and a nonlinear constitutive law. This type of modelling cannot be applied directly on a large-scale civil engineering structure, as the computational load would be too heavy for the existing machines.A simulation method is proposed to focus the computational effort on the areas of interest (damaged parts) of the structure while eliminating the undamaged areas. It aims at using the available computing power for the characterization of crack properties in particular. This approach uses Guyan’s static condensation technique to reduce the elastic areas to a set of boundary conditions applied to the areas of interest. When the system evolves, a set of criteria allows to promote on the fly the elastic areas to areas of interest if damage appears. This adaptive condensation technique allows to reduce the dimension of a nonlinear problem without degrading the quality of the results when compared to a full reference simulation.However, a classical modelling does not allow to take into account the various unknowns which will impact the structural behaviour: mechanical properties, geometry, loading… In order to better characterize this behaviour while taking into account the various uncertainties, the proposed adaptive condensation method is coupled with a stochastic collocation approach. Each deterministic simulation required for the characterization of the uncertainties on the structural quantities of interest is therefore reduced and the pre-processing steps necessary to the condensation technique are also reduced using a second collocation. The proposed approach allows to produce for a reduced computational cost the probability density functions of the quantities of interest of a large structure.The proposed calculation strategies give access at the local scale to a modelling finer than what would be applicable to the full structure. In order to improve the representativeness at this scale, the tridimensional effects of the heterogeneities must be taken into account. In the civil and nuclear engineering field, one of the main issues is the modelling of prestressing tendons, usually modelled in one dimension. A new approach is proposed, which uses a 1D mesh and model to build a volume equivalent to the tendon and redistribute the forces and stiffnesses in the concrete. It combines the representativeness of a full conform 3D modelling of the tendon when the mesh is refined and the ease of use of the 1D approaches.The applicability of the proposed methodologies to a large-scale civil engineering structure is evaluated using a numerical model of a 1/3 mock-up of a double-wall containment building of a PWR 1300 MWe nuclear reactor
Leroux, Armand. "Modèle multiaxial d'endommagement anisotrope : gestion numérique de la rupture et application à la ruine de structures en béton armé sous impacts." Phd thesis, École normale supérieure de Cachan - ENS Cachan, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00824314.
Full textSentosa, Bastian Okto Bangkit. "Assessing the structural elements of reinforced concrete buildings by using dynamic measurements." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAA008/document.
Full textThere are many of the examples of dynamics measurements applications in the existing building: verification of structural seismic vulnerability, which was constructed before the earthquake building code; auscultation of structural capacity in post-earthquake situation or after modification in surround environment (Excavation of tunnel or demolition the neighbour buildings for example). Currently, this measurement type enables the diagnosis a structure in global scale (a whole structure) while identification and localization of damage in local scale (each elements of the structure) remains to be explored. In this dissertation, diagnosis in locale scale will be studied. This study is significant for its contribution to the national reassessment of existing structures where there is the large number of buildings to be rehabilitated
Turgut, Can. "Prise en compte de la liaison acier béton dans le comportement d’éléments de structure en béton armé." Thesis, Paris 10, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA100170/document.
Full textIn numerical applications of reinforced concrete structures, the steel-concrete interface behavior has a vital importance when the cracking properties are investigated. A finite element approach for the steel-concrete interface to be used in large-scale simulations was proposed by (Torre-Casanova, 2013) and (Mang, 2016). It enables to calculate the slip between the steel and concrete in the tangential direction of the interface element representation. The aim is here to improve the initial bond-slip model to be more efficient and more representative. The document is divided into three parts: 1) The existing bond-slip model is evaluated. The bond-slip model is then improved by considering transversal and irreversible bond behaviors under alternative loads. The new bond-slip model is validated with several numerical applications. 2) Confinement effect is implemented in the bond-slip model to capture the effect of external lateral pressure. According to the performed numerical applications, it is demonstrated how the active confinement can play a role, through the steel-concrete bond, during monotonic and cyclic loading cases. 3) Dowel action is finally investigated with the new bond-slip model. Two different experimental campaigns (Push-off tests and four-point bending tests) are reproduced with different reinforcement (1D truss and beam) and interface (new bonds-slip and perfect bond) models. The results show that the proposed simulation strategy including the bond slip model enables to reproduce experimental results by predicting global (force-displacement relation) and local behaviors (crack properties) of the reinforced concrete structures under shear loading better than the perfect bond assumption which is commonly used in the industrial applications
Rousseau, Jessica. "Modélisation numérique du comportement dynamique de structures sous impact sévère avec un couplage éléments discrets / éléments finis." Phd thesis, Grenoble 1, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00411870.
Full textL'application de la méthode des éléments discrets sur des structures de grandes dimensions est limitée par le nombre d'éléments discrets nécessaires. Pour garder la qualité de prédiction locale et rendre cette méthode adaptée à l'échelle d'une structure, celle-ci est couplée à la méthode des éléments finis dans les parties qui ne sont pas soumises à d'importantes discontinuités. Cette approche couplée permet des gains de temps importants, tant pour la modélisation que la pour la simulation.
Une partie importante de cette thèse concerne le développement et la validation du modèle éléments discrets de béton armé. Ce travail propose une optimisation du processus d'identification des paramètres locaux du modèle discret afin de le rendre plus prédictif en ce qui concerne le béton. Ensuite, une liaison particulière, entre éléments discrets d'acier et de béton, a été conçue pour la simulation du béton armé. Enfin, elle a été utilisée pour la simulation d'impacts sur des dalles en béton armé afin de confronter les résultats à des essais expérimentaux.
La deuxième partie du travail de thèse traite de la méthode de couplage entre éléments discrets et éléments finis. Une méthode existante pour les éléments finis volumiques a été étendue aux éléments finis de type coque. Enfin, la méthode de couplage a été utilisée pour simuler un impact sur une structure de type enceinte de confinement.
Tixier, Antoine. "Analyse du comportement de l'interface acier-béton pas essai push-in. Mesures par fibres optiques et modélisation par éléments finis." Thesis, Grenoble, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013GRENI079/document.
Full textThis research aims at improving the knowledge about the behavior of reinforced concretebuildings. This behavior relies in particular on the steel-concrete link one, allowing to transferstresses between the two materials. Knowing the bond behavior leads to optimise the structuredesign. The specific case of confinement vessels of nuclear structures induces a special link sol-licitation compared to the usual sollicitations (such as presence of traction in the beam lowerfiber). In order to study this stress state, a push-in test, less studied according to the litterature,is set up. A new, precise and less-intrusive instrumentation by optic fiber is set up inside theconcrete and the steel, giving access to local strains of both mediums. Much data is obtainedat different steps of the steel-concrete interface behavior. Different interface lengths are used,leading to several rupture modes that are compared one to each other. The interface sliding oneis more particularly studied. The behavior before the rupture, sometimes qualified as linear, isinvestigated as well. Post-mortem non destructive measurements (permeability and X-ray to-mography) are finally performed. Known and new phenomena are observed and allow to refinethe knowledge regarding the steel-concrete link. This reasearch could lead to improve the mo-deling accuracy of reinforced concrete behaviors. Moreover, the uncertainty margins used in theengineering codes are likely to decrease