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Journal articles on the topic 'Construction standards'

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Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 25 April 2022

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1

Yates, Janet K., and Stylianos Aniftos. "International Standards and Construction." Journal of Construction Engineering and Management 123, no. 2 (June 1997): 127–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9364(1997)123:2(127).

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2

Cottingham, Katie. "Proteomics Projects: Metabolomics Standards Initiative: standards under construction." Journal of Proteome Research 6, no. 2 (February 2007): 440. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/pr070722q.

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3

Walsh, I. D. "European standards in road construction." Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Construction Materials 163, no. 4 (November 2010): 195–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/coma.900007.

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4

Tong, Y., and Y. Ma. "DIGITAL MUSEUM CONSTRUCTION STANDARDS STUDY." International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLVI-M-1-2021 (August 28, 2021): 753–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlvi-m-1-2021-753-2021.

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Abstract. In the post-epidemic era, with the development of digital information technology, there is an extremely urgent need for the construction of digital museums in the field of cultural and museums. However, there is no unified consensus on the concept, function and form of digital museums at home and abroad. The author believes that digital museums are a special form of traditional physical museums and should give full play to digital features and advantages to meet the needs of online and offline integration. This paper is oriented to the practical problems that exist in the realization of the basic functions of traditional physical museums based on collection, management, storage, research, exhibition, education and popularization, and public services. By collating the current standards of digital museums, analyzing the new forms of digital museums domestically and abroad, clarifying the mission of digital museums, proposing the construction and development of digital museums around “human experience”, exploring the standards of digital museum construction, and promoting the industry consensus and standardized management of digital museum construction.

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5

Bubshait, Abdulaziz A., and Tawfiq H. Al-Atiq. "ISO 9000 Quality Standards in Construction." Journal of Management in Engineering 15, no. 6 (November 1999): 41–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0742-597x(1999)15:6(41).

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6

Yates, Janet K., and Stylianos Aniftos. "Engineering and Construction Industry Standards Developers." Journal of Management in Engineering 13, no. 3 (May 1997): 31–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0742-597x(1997)13:3(31).

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7

Yang, Lei, Hao Yu, and Dongya Wu. "Construction of Internet Plus Standards System." Chinese Journal of Engineering Science 22, no. 4 (2020): 124. http://dx.doi.org/10.15302/j-sscae-2020.04.018.

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8

LEDERMAN, REGINA P. "Standards for Test Construction and Revision." MCN, The American Journal of Maternal/Child Nursing 17, no. 1 (January 1992): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005721-199201000-00015.

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9

Авилова, Irina Avilova, Крутилова, and Mariya Krutilova. "ECONOMIC INCENTIVES FOR GREEN BUILDING STANDARDS." Bulletin of Belgorod State Technological University named after. V. G. Shukhov 2, no. 1 (December 8, 2016): 201–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/24024.

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Sustainable development of the construction industry of the country is focused on permanent growth of its energy and resource efficiency, and involves the introduction of the practice of design and economic analysis of the eco-oriented principles of assessment, monitoring and management. Reform in the field of construction pricing and revaluation of the key principles for determining the cost of construction products should be aimed at improving the existing arrangements for the assessment of energy costs and environmental damage in the construction, integration at the legislative level in developing resource method of determining the estimated cost of construction, the establishment of transparent and effective environmental auditing mechanism construction. The development of the construction industry market in the aspect of environmental conservation is one of the most urgent problems and suggests improvement and analysis of methods for pricing for construction products, the search for new solutions eco-oriented, which in turn implies a transition to green building.

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10

Han, Ying, and Xu Feng Tao. "Comparison of Standards for Accessible Design between America and China." E3S Web of Conferences 38 (2018): 03003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20183803003.

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Aiming at the accessibility design and environmental constructions of China, comparing the differences of codes for accessibility design between domestic and abroad. It’s including four aspects: the difference in audience of accessible design, content of the facilities, quantitative indexes and vision and hearing accessible design. It analyzed that the early stage of our country is backward in terms of accessibility and construction, mainly based on differences in values and professional education. In the end it put forward three suggestions to improve the construction of barrier-free environment in China.

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11

ROUX, Ph, and J. GRATRAUD. "STANDARDS FOR GREENHOUSES CONSTRUCTION IN FRANCE AND STRUCTURE CALCULATION ACCORDING TO STANDARDS." Acta Horticulturae, no. 281 (July 1990): 139–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.1990.281.15.

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12

Upstill-Goddard, James, Jacqui Glass, Andrew Dainty, and Ian Nicholson. "Implementing sustainability in small and medium-sized construction firms." Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management 23, no. 4 (July 18, 2016): 407–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ecam-01-2015-0015.

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Purpose – Construction organisations are becoming increasingly aware of the impacts of their operations, from both an environmental and, more recently, a social viewpoint. Sustainability standards can enable an organisation to evidence a benchmarked level of performance against a particular issue. To date, research on standards has largely focused on the operational and administrative aspects of their enactment, rather than how they might affect – and be appropriated by – organisational actors. The purpose of this paper is to examine how capacity for learning can affect the success of implementing standards within two construction SMEs. Design/methodology/approach – Taking an organisational learning and absorptive capacity (ACAP) perspective, this research uses the case study approach and abductive logic to understand what role learning plays with regard to sustainability standard implementation. Findings – The results reveal that strong communication channels and commitment to training programmes increase the capacity for implementing standards, but that SMEs tend only to approach standards if they see immediate financial benefits stemming from their implementation. Practical implications – SMEs provide a challenging context for the implementation of sustainability standards unless there are significant external levers and extrinsic motivation for them to be embraced. Care should be taken in incorporating these aspects into the future design of standards that are more aligned with SME needs. Social implications – Stakeholders should seek to apply pressure to firms to positively influence engagement with sustainability standards. Originality/value – The role and importance of ACAP is an underdeveloped debate in the certification field. This study is the first that links the process of implementing a standard with the ACAP of an organisation.

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13

Shao, She Gang, Yi Shen, and Yan Gang Yang. "Study on Standard System for Environmental Protection in Highway and Water Transportation." Applied Mechanics and Materials 209-211 (October 2012): 1231–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.209-211.1231.

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Based on the analysis of the field and characteristics of environmental protection in highway and water transportation, the fields of the standardization of environmental protection in highway and water transportation were defined into the environmental protection supervision, environmental protection in traffic planning, infrastructure facility construction and maintenance, passenger and freight transport, and the standard system was positioned as the level of specific trade standards system, including basic and specific standards. By analyzing the intersection among existing standard systems in China and characteristic of highway and water transportation, part of standards of standard system for national environmental protection, engineering construction of highway and water transportation, inland river shipping were used relative standards of standard system for environmental protection in highway and water transportation, and standards for pollution control of shipping were included standards system for environmental protection in highway and water transportation.

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14

Grabovy, Petr Grigor'evich. "Influence of "Excessive Standards" in Construction on Efficiency of the Residential Real Estate Development." Revista Gestão Inovação e Tecnologias 11, no. 3 (June 30, 2021): 2228–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.47059/revistageintec.v11i3.2087.

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15

Xu, Bingsheng, Shan Hou, Xianhou Fu, Ren Liu, and Xuezhi Zhao. "Research on Construction Methods for Standard System of Green Economy in Guizhou Province." E3S Web of Conferences 145 (2020): 02061. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202014502061.

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The standardization of green economy is an important prop and technical support for speeding up and promoting the ecological civilization construction and is of great significance to the building and implementation of relevant systems. However, the ecological civilization construction in China is still in its early stage and the standardization of green economy faces a lot of challenges. At present, the ecological civilization pilot zone in Guizhou has achieved its initial success and all aspects of the work have been carried out in an orderly way. Meanwhile, the requirements for the construction of the green economy system are increasing day by day. It is necessary to summarize the demonstration experience of the pilot program, replicate and promote the model of success and boost the development of ecological civilization construction in depth and breadth. In Guizhou, the standard system of green economy construction faces many challenges in its advancement, and combined with the key tasks of the construction of the national ecological civilization pilot zone of Guizhou, this research builds the standard system of green economy in Guizhou, sorts out the existing national, industrial and local standards for supporting the key fields of ecological civilization construction in Guizhou, promotes and implements these standards with great diligence, focuses on the development of a series of key standards for supporting the green economy construction in Guizhou and embodying the local feat, establishes the standard system of ecological civilization construction with Guizhou characteristics, which can be compatible with different levels of standards, strengthens the building of local standardization capacity, and boosts and builds a long-term mechanism for the standardized ecological civilization construction.

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16

Elsarrag, Esam. "Revealing the Primary Objectives of Green Construction Standards." QScience Proceedings 2012, no. 2 (March 11, 2012): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5339/qproc.2012.gccenergy.2.22.

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17

Valdez, Hector E., and Abdol R. Chini. "ISO 14000 Standards and the US Construction Industry." Environmental Practice 4, no. 4 (December 2002): 210–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1466046602990058.

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18

Raheem, Adeeba A., and Jimmie W. Hinze. "Disparity between construction safety standards: A global analysis." Safety Science 70 (December 2014): 276–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2014.06.012.

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19

Noonan, Kevin. "US Supreme Court revises patent claim construction standards." Nature Reviews Drug Discovery 14, no. 3 (February 27, 2015): 157. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrd4564.

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20

Telichenko, Valery, Andrey Benuzh, Guy Eames, Ekaterina Orenburova, and Natalia Shushunova. "Development of Green Standards for Construction in Russia." Procedia Engineering 153 (2016): 726–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2016.08.233.

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21

Trinius, Wolfram, Christer Sjöström, Dru Meadows, Alison Kinn Bennett, and S. W. Dean. "Sustainability in Building Construction—International Standards in Progress." Journal of ASTM International 4, no. 7 (2007): 101101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/jai101101.

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22

McClellan, Sara E., and Bryon G. Gustafson. "Communicating law enforcement professionalization: social construction of standards." Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies & Management 35, no. 1 (March 2, 2012): 104–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/13639511211215478.

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23

Heng, Raymond B. W., and B. V. A. Rao. "Construction noise standards and the draft Singapore code." Applied Acoustics 18, no. 5 (1985): 337–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0003-682x(85)90053-2.

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24

Empelmann, Martin. "“Designed with European Standards”." Beton- und Stahlbetonbau 102, no. 4 (April 2007): 197. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/best.200790041.

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25

Tereshchenko, Tatiana, and Serhii Illiash. "EXPERIENCE ON DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF ROAD PAVEMENTS USING THE CLAUSES OF EUROPEAN STANDARDS ON HYDRAULICALLY BOUND MATERIALS." Avtoshliakhovyk Ukrayiny, no. 3 (259) ’ 2019 (October 17, 2019): 42–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.33868/0365-8392-2019-3-259-42-50.

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Hydraulically bound mixtures (HBM) are most effectively applied in the base layers of flexible road pavements to enhance their load bearing capacity and also in the base layers of rigid road pavements in the case of weak soils of the sub-grade. The evaluation of Ukrainian standards which are identical to European standards relating HBM leads to the point of subsequent implementation of new requirements trough design and construction of motor roads in Ukraine. The by European standards stated requirements and classification of HBM provide a modelling regime closer to the performance of bound pavement layer and give the wider range of HBM designations with different strength properties. Thus, this article reviews such aspects of design and construction of road pavements with HBM layers which are distinguished from the conception approved now in Ukraine. The reviewed clauses on design and construction concern road pavements which, in accordance with the European practice, are classified as flexible pavements or semi-rigid pavements and are comprised of flexible (bitumen-bound) upper layers laid on a HBM base. The reviewed types of road pavement constructions are most eligible to emphasize the possibilities of implementation of new standard requirements in the Ukrainian road building industry. As it was concluded, the European standards state classification of HBM by compressive strength RC and classification by tensile strength in combination with elastic modulus Rt, E. These methods of classification are equivalent with no correlation intended between them and have been successfully used during design and construction of road pavement constructions comprised of bitumen-bound layers laid on a HBM base. When designing the motor roads with the above mentioned pavement construction to be loaded with high traffic, HBM of strength classes RС from С8/10 to С9/12 shall be contributed where classes of strength are determined by the type of a hydraulic binder and can be accorded to the categories by ”Rt, E” values not less than T3 (from T3 to T5). Keywords: hydraulically bound mixtures, classification by values of mechanical properties, compressive strength, base layers from hydraulically bound mixtures.

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26

Ndongo, A. S., N. Malanda, and B. Bahouayila. "State of play on the use of building construction standards in Congo-Brazzaville." Nigerian Journal of Technology 39, no. 1 (April 3, 2020): 63–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/njt.v39i1.7.

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This work aims to assess the existence and use of local standards in the field of building construction in Congo-Brazzaville. Surveys were carried out among construction companies, design offices and construction control firms operating in the construction industry. The results show that, overall, design offices, control or engineering consulting firms have more knowledge about the existence of construction standards, unlike construction companies. Indeed, it appears from this study that the probability of knowing of the existence of Congolese standards in construction control firms and construction companies is very low compared to engineering firms. The evidence provided by our sample also shows that structures involved in technical studies and real estate expertise are less aware of the existence of Congolese standards. Also, we note that the rate of knowledge about the existence of Congolese standards is more recorded at the level of structures that use foreign standards (16.90% against 9.09%), than those that do not use them. These structures also have knowledge of the effects (negative or positive) on the use of these foreign standards on construction (22.22% versus 3.57%) in Congo. Construction professionals must take into account certain technical specificities related to natural and social phenomena in the implementation of their construction projects in order to avoid early depreciation of the works carried out. Keywords: Standards, building construction, survey, use, statistical analysis.

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27

Li, Yin Xiang. "The Construction Process and Effectiveness of the Asset Impairment Standard System in China." Advanced Materials Research 452-453 (January 2012): 374–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.452-453.374.

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During the past decade, criterion system of impairment of Assets has experienced a process from scratch and scattered to highly-developed in China. So far, “Accounting Standards for Enterprises No. eighth -- Asset Impairment ” has been implemented for nearly five years, and listed companies had compiled interim and annual reports during the 2007-2011 period which experienced a good condition overall. It is a significant breakthrough in the processing of accounting standards and accounting system, which constructs and consummates the system of asset impairment standard, require enterprises to reflect the value of the asset fairly and prevent inflated profits from property price foam. Introduction In recent years, the International and the domestic practice indicates that, in order to reflect the true value of the assets reliably, so as to improve the quality of accounting information, and reduce the uncertainty in decision-making, relevant accounting standards for recognition, measurement and presentation about asset impairment must be developed and implemented. During the past decade, criterion system of impairment of Assets experiences a process from scratch and scattered to highly-developed. In February 15, 2006, Ministry of Finance of the People’s Republic of China issued the "Accounting Standards for Enterprises No. eighth -- Asset Impairment" (Ministry of finance, PRC, 2006a), which regarding as the complete establishment of Chinese asset impairment standard system. Based on the experience of formulation and implement the accounting system and accounting standards, the Ministry of Finance drew some lessons from international accounting standards, and adopted the mode of “basic standard of impairment of Asset commanding other relative individual specific standards” to build asset impairment standard system, which has strong international significance.

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28

Wang, Wei, Shoujian Zhang, and Andrew Philip King. "Research on the adoption barriers of the engineering construction standards in China." Structural Survey 34, no. 4/5 (August 8, 2016): 367–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ss-02-2015-0010.

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Purpose The engineering construction standards in China play an important role in protecting the safety of the construction projects. They are the basic principles that standardize the construction activities and guarantee the quality of projects. However, there are many barriers that affect the adoption of the engineering construction standards. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to investigate the barriers that challenge the adoption of the engineering construction standards in China. Design/methodology/approach The research reveals the barriers that affect the implementation of the engineering construction standards in China through a literature review. Then this study uses factor analysis to analyze 12 indices which we get from a questionnaire to build explanations from the results. Findings According to this paper, four main brands of uncorrelated variables are derived which are the main challenges in implementing the engineering construction standards in China: management barriers, policy barriers, knowledge barriers and market barriers. This paper gives a clear classification of the barriers that the enterprises face while adopting the engineering construction standards in China. Originality/value This paper makes a contribution to the understanding of the barriers that affect the adoption of the engineering construction standards in China.

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29

Student. "STANDARDS FOR ORDINAL SCALES." Pediatrics 79, no. 4 (April 1, 1987): A105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.79.4.a105a.

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Ordinal scales are frequently used in clinical trials to quantify outcomes which are non-dimensional [for example 1+ to 4+ system for assessing peripheral oedema].... Guidelines for construction and utilisation of ordinal scales as measures of outcome in clinical trials have not been formulised. In this paper a set of standards are developed.

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30

Jiang, Yukun, Xin Gao, Wenxin Su, and Jinrong Li. "Systematic Knowledge Management of Construction Safety Standards Based on Knowledge Graphs: A Case Study in China." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 20 (October 12, 2021): 10692. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182010692.

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Construction safety standards (CSS) have knowledge characteristics, but few studies have introduced knowledge graphs (KG) as a tool into CSS management. In order to improve CSS knowledge management, this paper first analyzed the knowledge structure of 218 standards and obtained three knowledge levels of CSS. Second, a concept layer was designed which consisted of five levels of concepts and eight types of relationships. Third, an entity layer containing 147 entities was constructed via entity identification, attribute extraction and entity extraction. Finally, 177 nodes and 11 types of attributes were collected and the construction of a knowledge graph of construction safety standard (KGCSS) was completed using knowledge storage. Furthermore, we implemented knowledge inference and obtained CSS planning, i.e., the list of standard work plans used to guide the development and revision of CSS. In addition, we conducted CSS knowledge retrieval; a process which supports interrogative input. The construction of KGCSS thus facilitates the analysis, querying, and sharing of safety standards knowledge.

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31

Leivestad, Steinar, and Jacob Mehus. "Standards: a system of tools for the construction industry – interface and interaction between standards." Structural Concrete 11, no. 2 (June 2010): 57–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/stco.2010.11.2.57.

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32

Guo, Jing, Qinling Huang, and Jiayi Chen. "A study of UHF-RFID data model construction in university libraries." Electronic Library 32, no. 5 (September 30, 2014): 726–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/el-10-2013-0177.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to put forward a Ultra-high Frequency Radio Frequency Identification (UHF-RFID) data model construction scheme for university libraries, hoping to realize the opening, uniform, compatible and interoperable RFID application between different libraries and manufacturers. Design/methodology/approach – This article uses the practical application needs of university libraries as the starting point, and proposes the UHF-RFID data model construction scheme for university libraries based on the study of applicable standards, such as ISO 28560. Findings – Based on practical application demand of university libraries and some international standards, the paper puts forward an UHF-RFID data model construction scheme for university libraries. First, the scheme explains and defines six user data elements different from ISO28560: version, owner library identifiers, temporary item location, subject, International Standard Serial Number (ISSN) and International Standard Book Number (ISBN). Furthermore, different encoding rules for electronic product code (EPC) data area and user data area are designed to achieve maximum work efficiency. Practical implications – This paper tries to bring forward a set of referential UHF-RFID data model standards for university libraries. Hopefully, this standard will offer uniform data models for university libraries to comply with, integrate the disordered market and further make the opening, unified, compatible and interoperable RFID application possible. Originality/value – Although there are several formally published RFID standard documents, they are primarily designed for high frequency RFID technology. Concerning UHF-RFID technology, there are still no internationally unified data model standards. Hence, this paper brings forward the UHF-RFID data model construction scheme for university libraries.

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33

Oyama, Atsuro, Hiroshi Yamamoto, Toshiyuki Kamei, and Yoshitaka Minami. "Research and Development of a Method of Constructing Data Exchange Standards for Machine Construction." journal of Civil Engineering Information Processing System 15 (2006): 49–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2208/journalac2003.15.0_49.

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34

Platais, I., A. L. Fey, S. Frey, S. G. Djorgovski, C. Ducourant, Ž. Ivezić, A. Rest, C. Veillet, R. F. G. Wyse, and N. Zacharias. "Deep Astrometric Standards." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 3, S248 (October 2007): 320–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921308019455.

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AbstractThe advent of next-generation telescopes with very wide fields-of-view creates a need for deep and precise reference frames for astrometric calibrations. The Deep Astrometric Standards (DAS) program is designed to establish such a frame, by providing absolute astrometry at the 5–10 mas level in four 10 deg2 Galactic fields, to a depth of V=25. The source of our basic reference frame is the UCAC2 catalog, significantly improved by additional observations, and new VLBI positions of radio-loud and optically visible QSOs. We describe all the major steps in the construction of the DAS fields and provide the current status of this project.

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35

Telichenko, Valeriy I., Andrey A. Benuzh, and Elena A. Suhinina. "Interstate green standards of formation sustainable built environment vital activity." Vestnik MGSU, no. 4 (April 2021): 438–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.22227/1997-0935.2021.4.438-462.

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Introduction. Due to the negative environmental situation on Earth, the necessity to use “green” standards in construction, regulated by environmental standards, to reduce the negative impact on nature and create favorable living environment for humans was determined. It was revealed that eleven of the seventeen Sustainable Development Goals approved at the United Nations General Assembly are interrelated with construction. At the same time, “green” design standards are a mechanism for achieving Sustainable Development Goals as well as regulatory tool for creating an environmentally friendly environment for living and working. Materials and methods. The stages of the formation of environmental legislation in construction are studied. Specific features of the formation of regulatory documents in the field of environmental protection and environmental design (mid 20th – early 21st centuries), as well as the transition to the creation of National Russian “green” standards are reviewed. The mechanism of development of interstate standards on the basis of the Technical Committee is being studied. Results. National environmental legislation and Russian national “green” standards regulatory requirements are studied. The advantages and disadvantages of current environmental certification systems and core aspects of buildings environmental assessment are highlighted. The necessity for the use of interstate environmental standards in design and construction is determined along with the allocation of strategy for further development in the urban planning field. Specific features of the formation of “green” construction in Russia, as a driver for the Eurasian Customs Union are revealed. Conclusions. The priority of formating “green” living environment on the basis of the introduction of new regulatory framework on environmentally sustainable design to promote the National “green” standard in construction at the interstate level is outlined.

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36

Janicak, Christopher Allen. "OSHA’s Enforcement of Asbestos Standards in the Construction Industry." Open Journal of Safety Science and Technology 04, no. 04 (2014): 157–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ojsst.2014.44017.

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37

Szendy, Csabáné, and László Kutassy. "Product, material and testing standards for the construction industry." Epitoanyag - Journal of Silicate Based and Composite Materials 56, no. 2 (2004): 76–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.14382/epitoanyag-jsbcm.2004.10.

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38

Cole, T. J. "The Use and Construction of Anthropometric Growth Reference Standards." Nutrition Research Reviews 6, no. 1 (January 1993): 19–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/nrr19930005.

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39

Kobrick, Ryan L., David M. Klaus, and Kenneth W. Street. "Developing Abrasion Test Standards for Evaluating Lunar Construction Materials." SAE International Journal of Aerospace 4, no. 1 (July 12, 2009): 160–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2009-01-2377.

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40

Jachowicz, Marcin. "Helmets for sport and recreation – construction and standards’ requirements." Occupational Safety – Science and Practice 563, no. 8 (August 14, 2018): 8–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0012.2223.

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While practicing sports and participating in recreational activities, humans are exposed to a number of hazards, among which head injuries are one of the most dangerous. We are unable to completely eliminate them, e.g., when cycling, skateboarding, skiing or snowboarding. For this reason, all sorts of protective headgear selected according to the prevailing threats are applicable to protect the head. The design of such equipment is continuously changing and evolving. New materials and technical solutions that aim to increase the user’s safety and comfort are introduced. To achieve that goal, it becomes necessary to reduce the weight and increase the functionality of protective helmets. Such goals can be met only by creating more specialized structures designed not only for the intended physical activity but also for the specific conditions in which it is practiced. This paper contains material that presents the basic protective helmets and the materials used for their construction, as well as a review of the design of helmets for sports and recreational activities protecting the head against impact against stationary objects. General information concerning the regulatory requirements and the methods of testing of this type of equipment has also been presented.

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Wang, Mao, Yang Wang, Jing Liu, Yang Xu, and Xia Liu. "Standards System Construction in Key Areas of Manufacturing Industry." Chinese Journal of Engineering Science 23, no. 3 (2021): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.15302/j-sscae-2021.03.011.

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Wang, Wei, Juan Han, and Yanlei Shi. "A Brief Analysis of the Current Situation and Development Trend on Green Transportation Standard System." E3S Web of Conferences 145 (2020): 02015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202014502015.

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It is great significance to improve green transportation standards system for promoting the construction of ecological civilization and the sustainable development of recycling and low carbon of transportation. This paper summarizes the status of green transportation standards system and the progress of standard publication and revision. According to the key areas and links of green transportation development, the development trends of green transportation and the requirement of green transportation standards were analysed, and policy recommendations for improving the construction of green transportation standards system was proposed. The paper is trying to provide decisive support for the industry to promote the development of green transportation standardization.

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Slesarev, Mikhail, Valery Telichenko, and Nguyen Dinh Dap. "Formation of innovative methods for ecological safety systems of construction." MATEC Web of Conferences 251 (2018): 02010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201825102010.

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For the first time, formation of innovative methods for ecological safety of construction which called to treat as a result a complex of new technical solutions (more than 15 patents for inventions) focused on the solution of ecological safety problem in construction areas, and also for the first time the set four projects of national standards «“Green” standard. “Green” technologies of living environment and “green” innovative production»: “Terms and definitions”; “Classification”; “Criteria of reference”; “conformity assessment according to the requirements of the green standards. General provisions”.

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Xue, Hong, and Shou Jian Zhang. "Relationships between Engineering Construction Standards and Economic Growth in the Construction Industry: The Case of China’s Construction Industry." KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering 22, no. 5 (August 9, 2017): 1606–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12205-017-1990-y.

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Apostolov, Ivan. "Revenue Recognition from Construction Contracts: Differences Between Bulgarian National Accounting Standards and International Accounting Standards." Procedia Economics and Finance 32 (2015): 1647–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s2212-5671(15)01491-4.

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Hogan, L. S., L. M. Wotherspoon, and J. M. Ingham. "Development of New Zealand seismic bridge standards." Bulletin of the New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering 46, no. 4 (December 31, 2013): 201–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5459/bnzsee.46.4.201-221.

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During seismic assessments of bridges where there is a lack of construction documentation, one method of determining likely structural detailing is to use historic design standards. An overview of the New Zealand bridge seismic standards and the agencies that have historically controlled bridge design and construction is presented. Standards are grouped into design era based upon similar design and loading characteristics. Major changes in base shear demand, ductility, foundation design, and linkage systems are discussed for each design era, and loadings and detailing requirements from different eras were compared to current design practices. Bridges constructed using early seismic standards were designed to a significantly lower base shear than is currently used but the majority of these bridges are unlikely to collapse due to their geometry and a preference for monolithic construction. Bridges constructed after the late 1970s are expected to perform well if subjected to ground shaking, but unless bridges were constructed recently their performance when subjected to liquefaction and liquefaction-induced lateral spreading is expected to be poor.

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Bohušová, Hana. "Construction contract revenue recording comparison." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 56, no. 3 (2008): 241–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun200856030241.

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Publicly traded companies prepare their consolidated accounts in conformity with the international accounting standards (IAS/IFRS) in accordance with the Regulation No. 1606/2002. This is obliged for all publicly traded joint-stock companies in the Czech Republic. Other companies prepare financial statements in accordance with national accounting standards. There are Accounting Act No. 563/1991 of Coll. and Regulation No. 500/2002 of Coll., Czech Accounting Standards in the Czech Republic. Both systems are based on different principles so there are many differences. The Czech Accounting System (CAS) is based on the rules while IAS/IFRS are based on principles (Kovanicová, 2005). These differences are mainly caused by the different philosophy. CAS prefers the fiscal policy to the economic substance while IAS/IFRS prefere the economic substance. One of the most significant differences is in the field of revenue recording. There are two standards concerning the revenues recording (IAS 18 − Revenue, IAS 11 – Construction Contracts) in IAS/IFRS. CAS 019 – Expenses and Revenue are dealing with the revenue recording in the Czech Republic. The paper is aimed at the comparison of the methodical approaches for revenue recording used by IAS/IFRS and by CAS. The most important differences are caused by the different approach to the long term contracts (construction contracts, software development contracts) revenues recording.

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Baruffi, Diniane, Marcelo Fabiano Costella, and Zacarias Martin Chamberlain Pravia. "Experimental Analysis of Guardrail Structures for Occupational Safety in Construction." Open Construction and Building Technology Journal 15, no. 1 (November 17, 2021): 141–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874836802115010141.

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Background: Guardrails are structures that protect workers from falling from heights at construction sites. Objective: The objective is to evaluate experimental models by applying static and impact loads to wood and steel guardrails. Methods: Brazilian and international standards were consulted to define the actions applied to guardrails, which were tested experimentally in three models of each material in a full-size prototype. Results: The experimental results indicate that the models studied could support the applied loads, and no local or global system rupture occurred. However, the displacements for the static load of 1500 N/m required by Brazilian RTP 01 for both models did not comply with Brazilian standard NBR 14718 because they had displacements above 20 mm, despite meeting other international standards for static testing and impact testing. Conclusion: From the results obtained in the experimental tests, it was possible to verify that the structures withstood the applied loads and could be used safely in civil construction works. However, the load requirements of RTP 01 are excessive, and NBR 14718 is not suitable for checking temporary guardrail structures. This demonstrates the need for the Brazilian standard to be revised to guide the dimensioning and verification of structures in order to adapt to international standards.

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Su, Wenxin, Xin Gao, Yukun Jiang, and Jinrong Li. "Developing a Construction Safety Standard System to Enhance Safety Supervision Efficiency in China: A Theoretical Simulation of the Evolutionary Game Process." Sustainability 13, no. 23 (December 2, 2021): 13364. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132313364.

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Labor safety is one of the most fundamental indicators to improve contractors’ sustainability. Safety supervision plays a crucial role in affecting the safety performance of infrastructure projects. However, studies of standards development to enhance safety supervision efficiency are far from complete. Safety standards define safe behaviors for construction workers and hazard control processes in the workplace, and they are usually considered as an important part of safety control. In addition, the systematic reform of construction safety standards in China provides an innovative perspective to enhance safety supervision efficiency by linking standards to supervision. For this purpose, this paper proposes the concept and framework of the “Construction Safety Standard System (CSSS)” through expert interviews. CSSS hierarchically classifies safety standards and integrates similar standards. Its implementation will significantly influence the behavioral decisions of safety supervision stakeholders. Evolutionary game (EG) theory is applied to demonstrate the decision-making procedure in CSSS establishment and application. Furthermore, system dynamics (SD) is utilized to model and analyze equilibrium states under different supervision strategies. Meanwhile, case studies are implemented to assess the CSSS’s effectiveness in reality. The numerical results indicate that through CSSS implementation, the strategy choice fluctuation of supervisors and contractors is suppressed and a more desirable stable equilibrium is reached. The government tends to supervise and contractors tend to obey safety standards consciously. The findings reveal that CSSS can enhance safety supervision efficiency and have meaningful implications for theoretical study on safety supervision and construction safety management practice.

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Gravit, Marina, Yana Simonenko, and Arkady Larionov. "Method single burning item (SBI) for fire hazard of wood constructions." E3S Web of Conferences 91 (2019): 02049. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20199102049.

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This research covers fire risk classification for construction materials in the countries of the European Union and a full methodological approach to the assessment of the fire hazard, providing requirements, characteristics, and test methods depending on the field of their usage and functional purpose. Application of fireproof coating and constructive fireproofing are considered to be one of the most widespread ways to increase fire safetyof wood constructions. The need to improve approaches tothe development and application of fireproofing ofwood materials, methodological assessment of their efficiency providing fire safety are also specified. The evaluation of the fire behavior of the fireproofed wood samples has been carried out. Two methods were used to get the results: Russian National StandardR 53292-2009 “Fireproof compositions and substances for the wood and materialsbased on it. General requirements. Test methods” and EN 13823:2003 (SBI) method.The purpose of test using a single source of flame (SBI) also involves an application of the larger selection model than the standard test methods in order to get the results, which are much closer to the full-scale reference phase of the fire propagation.Several conclusions have been made:whether it is possible to introduce European standards for the assessment of the construction materials fire risk to the national practice and incorporation of the requirements stipulated in the similar European regulations to the Russian standards.

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