Relevant bibliographies by topics / Construction Processes not elsewhere classified

Academic literature on the topic 'Construction Processes not elsewhere classified'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Construction Processes not elsewhere classified"

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LENZ, DANIEL, and ROBERT V. MOODY. "Stationary processes and pure point diffraction." Ergodic Theory and Dynamical Systems 37, no. 8 (July 4, 2016): 2597–642. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/etds.2016.12.

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We consider the construction and classification of some new mathematical objects, called ergodic spatial stationary processes, on locally compact abelian groups. These objects provide a natural and very general setting for studying diffraction and the famous inverse problems associated with it. In particular, we can construct complete families of solutions to the inverse problem from any given positive pure point measure that is chosen to be the diffraction. In this case these processes can be classified by the dual of the group of relators based on the set of Bragg peaks, and this gives an abstract solution to the homometry problem for pure point diffraction.
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Sayin, Baris, Mahmut Sarı, and Cemil Akcay. "Classification and resolution procedure for disputes in public construction projects." Revista de la construcción 20, no. 2 (August 2021): 259–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.7764/rdlc.20.2.259.

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Construction sector, which is associated with approximately two hundred sub-sectors in terms of employment area, plays the role of locomotive sector in economic development of countries. This feature of the sector affects economy directly and indirectly. Despite this positive contribution of the sector, disputes are inevitable between parties –administration and contractor– in a bid, contract and implementation processes, which are parameters of the construction process. Formal judicial process applied for the purpose of resolving disputes encountered in construction projects that the public assumes the role of employer, takes a long time. Therefore, while contractor is exposed to financial losses, administration cannot conclude public investment. In the study; disputes in public construction projects are classified, and proposals preventing disputes are presented. In this scope, firstly, 174 of 10591 disputes submitted to Court of Cassation, and 84 of 102 disputes submitted to Directorate of High Technics Board are selected regarding public construction projects. In the second stage, parameters causing disputes are classified under six main items. Thirdly, reasons of the disputes for each classification are detailed, and then proposals are presented for prevention of the disputes based on FIDIC (International Federation of Consulting Engineers) contract forms. Finally, a resolution procedure is developed for the processes including bid, contract and implementation phases based on FIDIC. By the presented proposals for GCCW (General conditions of construction works) official resolution paths can be reduced to a minimum, and the processes result positively for administration and contractors. It is concluded that the developed procedure is suitable as a practical tool for resolution process of the disputes in the public construction projects.
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Kim, Hyeong-Soo, Deuk-Soo Oh, and Seung-Hee Kim. "Cloud-based ERP construction process framework in the customer’s perspective." Computer Science and Information Systems, no. 00 (2022): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/csis211230045k.

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Process frameworks for the implementation of cloud enterprise resource planning (ERP) were derived and each process was examined through detailed comparisons with on-premise ERP construction processes, using process engineering characteristics. The process frameworks for implementing cloud ERP are classified into infrastructure-as-a-service (IaaS), platform-as-a-service (PaaS), content-as-a-service (CaaS), and software-as-a-service (SaaS), depending on the construction type, and are defined based on 6 derived processes, 21 activities, and numerous specific tasks. The process engineering characteristics of the final proposed process framework were further analyzed and examined in comparison to on-premise ERP construction processes with respect to differences and similarities. This study provides a theoretical foundation of standardized research on cloud ERP construction methods. As a practical guideline for stakeholders, it can be used in practice as a process tailoring tool, providing information on specific activities and tasks for each construction phase, contributing to the construction and spread of reliable cloud-based ERP systems from the customer?s perspective.
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Tian, Guo Liang. "Research on Application of New Concrete Silo Construction Technical System." Advanced Materials Research 1065-1069 (December 2014): 1577–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1065-1069.1577.

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considering the development of concrete silo structure in recent years and engineering characteristics of large reinforced concrete silo, construction processes and structures of concrete silos are classified and general construction technical system is formed through innovation of construction technique and process. The general construction technical system focuses on adjustable drawbar climbing formwork system, inside drawbar-free climbing formwork system and whole lifting and towing integrated climbing formwork system, is featured with integrated construction and has multiple technical units, which could be combined flexibly to adapt to certain requirements of different projects. This method not only has flexible process, but also possesses uniform construction technique and process.
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Teriö, Olli, Jaakko Sorri, Kalle Kähkönen, and Jukka Hämäläinen. "Environmental index for Finnish construction sites." Construction Innovation 14, no. 2 (April 1, 2014): 245–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ci-06-2013-0030.

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Purpose – The primary aim of this study was to better understand the grounds to develop a monitoring and performance measurement method to support the environmental management of construction operations. The practical purpose was to improve environmental activities in construction sites. This study helps to fill the gap between environmental needs and practices on construction sites. Design/methodology/approach – Action research was the principal research method. The research procedure was executed in collaboration with construction companies. The EICS meter was originally developed to create rules for environmental competition between construction sites. Since the time of this competition, the meter has been further improved in other studies. Findings – Based on the literature and feedback gained in the testing round of the EICS, five relevant categories were formulated to evaluate environmental operations: environmental information management, waste management, material handling and shielding, energy use and emissions. A simple index method was applied for these five categories. Furthermore, observation targets and acceptance criteria were defined for these categories. The meter supports environmental management in practise. The method can be used to analyse the starting point level when developing environmental processes. Originality/value – This study offers insights based on action research for both academics and practitioners. The meter is outlined for Nordic conditions, but the structure of the method is also suitable elsewhere. The national demands can be locally fine-tuned.
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Oh, Sung Hoon. "Automatic Wood Classifying System to Produce Renewable Fuels from Construction Waste." Applied Mechanics and Materials 433-435 (October 2013): 2038–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.433-435.2038.

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Automatic wood classifying system was developed to sort wood only from construction waste such as vinyl, plastic, and wood in order to produce renewable fuels. Automatic classifying processes are performed in the following order, step1: crushing, step2: analysis in the form of a mixture with water, step3: collection and transporting of floating materials, step4: classifying float materials with blower system. To classify a mixture of wood that are classified by air wind volume and classifying wood reliability can be varied depending on air wind volume. And, vinyl and plastic are difficult to classify due to increase in weight with water during the processes. Therefore, the number of times the experiment was repeated to get the optimal air volume to control it. In this experiment, the air wind volume is very important part.
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Chehayeb, Amir, Mohamed Al-Hussein, and Peter Flynn. "An integrated methodology for collecting, classifying, and analyzing Canadian construction court cases." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 34, no. 2 (February 1, 2007): 177–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l06-122.

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Construction contracts are becoming more complicated, and the increase in complexity of construction processes, documents, and conditions of contracts has contributed to a higher possibility of disputes and conflicting interpretations. The judicial system has been the means for dispute resolution for claims that cannot be solved through other means such as negotiation and arbitration. Knowledge of previous outcomes of judicial processes will both inform participants in a dispute and increase the likelihood of a less-expensive out-of-court dispute-resolution process. This paper presents a methodology to classify, categorize, and analyze Canadian case-law construction claims. In total, 567 Canadian construction court cases have been collected from 10 different sources and are classified into 12 categories that follow the Canadian Construction Documents Committee (CCDC) standard construction contract document CCDC 2-1994. The proposed methodology is implemented in a computer-integrated system called the Canadian construction claim tracker (CCCT), which consists of one central database and three modules, namely a statistical module, a prediction module, and a classification module. The CCCT provides its users with easy and quick access to past case-law claim information.Key words: construction courts, claims, litigation, artificial neural networks, Canadian Construction Documents Committee.
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O'Regan, Patrick W., Jennifer M. Ní Mhuircheartaigh, Timothy G. Scanlon, and Martin J. Shelly. "Radiology of the Mesentery." Clinics in Colon and Rectal Surgery 35, no. 04 (July 2022): 328–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0042-1744481.

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AbstractThe recent description and re-classification of the mesentery as an organ prompted renewed interest in its role in physiological and pathological processes. With an improved understanding of its anatomy, accurately and reliably assessing the mesentery with non-invasive radiological investigation becomes more feasible.Multi-detector computed tomography is the main radiological modality employed to assess the mesentery due to its speed, widespread availability, and diagnostic accuracy.Pathologies affecting the mesentery can be classified as primary or secondary mesenteropathies. Primary mesenteropathies originate in the mesentery and subsequently progress to involve other organ systems (e.g., mesenteric ischemia or mesenteric volvulus). Secondary mesenteropathies describe disease processes that originate elsewhere and progress to involve the mesentery with varying degrees of severity (e.g., lymphoma).The implementation of standardized radiological imaging protocols, nomenclature, and reporting format with regard to the mesentery will be essential in improving the assessment of mesenteric anatomy and various mesenteropathies.In this article, we describe and illustrate the current state of art in respect of the radiological assessment of the mesentery.
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R. Majeed, Hamsa, Wadhah A. Hatem, and Nidal A. Jasem. "Evaluation of Documentation System in Iraqi Construction Projects." Diyala Journal of Engineering Sciences 14, no. 4 (December 6, 2021): 50–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.24237/djes.2021.14405.

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In Iraq, the construction industry is considered one of the main sectors that contribute strongly to the Iraqi economy. Documentation is a process of collecting documents from past and current works of corporations, then archiving and classification of information to become easy and useful for reuse in the future. The aim of this study is to investigate the reality of documentation in the Iraqi construction industry and how to improve archiving and classification of documents and how documentation can be useful used in contractor and consultant corporations. This research has been conducted through literature reviews followed by a field survey. 80 questionnaires were distributed to contractors and engineering offices. 70 useful questionnaires were received from respondents with an 87% response rate. The findings indicated that the construction projects in the Diyala governorate are applying documentation. The study found that foundations classified and updating the documents as printed and written files and computer files, but foundations lack computer programs and web models for easy archiving and discovery of documents, documentation system currently used doesn't prevent Confusing, conflict in schemas because they still used Auto CAD and paper documentation. The large number and accumulation of paper documents are also considered the most often problem in the documentation system currently used, and construction projects don't have a database for all information related to projects where, it is limited to cabinets full of paper documents, which causes a waste of time and effort when searching for any document or information related to the projects. The study recommended that companies and foundations have to increase cost and effort consumed in the documentation process, improve the owner and staff abilities in computer and web applications, assign a key person for collection and archiving project documents, establishing an internet website for companies, or using cloud applications for storage of documents and sharing information.
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Tai, Hui Xin, Yu Lan Yang, and Li Shen. "Analysis on Wall Material and Construction Technology of Traditional House in Yubei Village." Applied Mechanics and Materials 174-177 (May 2012): 187–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.174-177.187.

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Through the investigation on the traditional houses of ancient village existing in Yubei village, this paper analyzed and classified the characteristics of the shapes and the technologies of the walls of traditional house and has described the factors that have influenced their generation and development. Basing on the construction technologies, from four different material of the wall such as boulder wall，brick wall，wooden board wall and plaster on bamboo slat wall, it has studied corresponding properties of materials, basic processes, construction principles, art forms and so on and it has researched on some methods and rules of construction of wall of traditional folk house in Yubei village.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Construction Processes not elsewhere classified"

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Csató, Lehel. "Gaussian processes : iterative sparse approximations." Thesis, Aston University, 2002. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/1327/.

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In recent years there has been an increased interest in applying non-parametric methods to real-world problems. Significant research has been devoted to Gaussian processes (GPs) due to their increased flexibility when compared with parametric models. These methods use Bayesian learning, which generally leads to analytically intractable posteriors. This thesis proposes a two-step solution to construct a probabilistic approximation to the posterior. In the first step we adapt the Bayesian online learning to GPs: the final approximation to the posterior is the result of propagating the first and second moments of intermediate posteriors obtained by combining a new example with the previous approximation. The propagation of em functional forms is solved by showing the existence of a parametrisation to posterior moments that uses combinations of the kernel function at the training points, transforming the Bayesian online learning of functions into a parametric formulation. The drawback is the prohibitive quadratic scaling of the number of parameters with the size of the data, making the method inapplicable to large datasets. The second step solves the problem of the exploding parameter size and makes GPs applicable to arbitrarily large datasets. The approximation is based on a measure of distance between two GPs, the KL-divergence between GPs. This second approximation is with a constrained GP in which only a small subset of the whole training dataset is used to represent the GP. This subset is called the em Basis Vector, or BV set and the resulting GP is a sparse approximation to the true posterior. As this sparsity is based on the KL-minimisation, it is probabilistic and independent of the way the posterior approximation from the first step is obtained. We combine the sparse approximation with an extension to the Bayesian online algorithm that allows multiple iterations for each input and thus approximating a batch solution. The resulting sparse learning algorithm is a generic one: for different problems we only change the likelihood. The algorithm is applied to a variety of problems and we examine its performance both on more classical regression and classification tasks and to the data-assimilation and a simple density estimation problems.
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Abdullah. "Knowledge sharing processes for identity theft prevention within online retail organisations." Thesis, University of Central Lancashire, 2017. http://clok.uclan.ac.uk/23998/.

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The occurrence of identity theft has increased dramatically in recent times, becoming one of the fastest-growing crimes in the world. Major challenges associated with identity theft related offences include problems of consumers with credit, such as: aggravation by debt collectors; rejection of loans; disturbance in normal lives such as reputation damage; and the psychological disruption of providing personal data to organisations and banks during the investigation. For these reasons, and with the ready access of identity thieves to the retail industry, this problem is acute in the online retail industry, yet there has been insufficient research undertaken in this domain. This research investigated knowledge sharing processes for identity theft prevention within online retail organisations. An analysis of how individual staff and teams share their knowledge for identity theft prevention in organisations is presented, which includes the investigation of existing barriers in knowledge sharing for identity theft prevention in organisations. A qualitative case study research approach, using the guiding framework proposed by Salleh (2010), was adopted and extended to improve knowledge sharing processes for identity theft prevention in online retail organisations. Three case studies were conducted with leading online retailers in the UK. Data collection included one-to- one semi-structured interviews, internal documents from the researched companies and external documents from various secondary sources. The researcher used the thematic analysis approach using the NVivo software tool and a manual coding process. The total number of interviews was 34 across 3 case studies, with each interview lasting between 45 and 75 minutes. The participants were selected according to their experience, knowledge and involvement in solving identity theft issues and knowledge sharing. Investigation of internal documents included email conversations, policy documents and internal conversations such as emails and memos from the researched companies. This study found that knowledge of identity theft prevention is not being shared within online retail organisations. Individual staff members are learning from their experiences, which is time-consuming. Existing knowledge sharing barriers within the organisations were identified, and improvements in knowledge sharing processes in the online retail industry of the UK using the extended framework are proposed. This research contributes to existing research by providing new insights into knowledge sharing for identity theft prevention. It extends an existing framework proposed by Salleh (2010) in the new context of knowledge sharing processes for ID theft prevention in the retail industry by simplifying the model and combining elements into a more coherent framework. The present study also contributes by investigating the online retail sector for knowledge sharing for ID theft prevention. The empirical research identifies the barriers to knowledge sharing for ID theft prevention and the weaknesses of knowledge sharing in online retail organisations relevant to ID theft prevention. Finally, this study provides managers with useful guidelines for developing appropriate knowledge sharing processes for ID theft prevention in their organisation, and to educate staff in effective knowledge sharing.
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Panopoulos, Georgios D. "Economic aspects of safety in the Greek construction industry." Thesis, Aston University, 2003. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/12233/.

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The thesis addresses the economic impacts of construction safety in Greece. The research involved the development of a methodology for determining the overall costs of safety, namely the sum of the costs of accidents and the costs of safety management failures (with or without accident) including image cost. Hitherto, very little work has been published on the cost of accidents in practical case studies. Moreover, to the author’s belief, no research has been published that seeks to determine in real cases the costs of prevention. The methodology developed is new, transparent, and capable of being replicated and adapted to other employment sectors and to other countries. The methodology was applied to three construction projects in Greece to test the safety costing methodology and to offer some preliminary evidence on the business case for safety. The survey work took place between 1999 and 2001 and involved 27 months of costing work on site. The study focuses on the overall costs of safety that apply to the main (principal) contractor. The methodology is supported by 120 discrete cost categories, and systematic criteria for determining which costs are included (counted) in the overall cost of safety. A quality system (in compliance with ISO9000 series) was developed to support the work and ensure accuracy of data gathering. The results of the study offer some support for the business case for safety. Though they offer good support for the economics of safety as they demonstrate need for cost effectiveness. Subject to important caveats, those projects that appeared to manage safety more cost-effectively achieved the lowest overall safety cost. Nevertheless, results are significantly lower than of other published works for two main reasons; first costs due to damages with no potential to injury were not included and second only costs to main constructor were considered. Study’s results are discussed and compared with other publish works.
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Shorrock, Sarah. "Protecting vulnerable people : an exploration of the risk factors and processes associated with Lancashire's Multi-Agency Safeguarding Hubs (MASH)." Thesis, University of Central Lancashire, 2017. http://clok.uclan.ac.uk/23075/.

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Cushing, Karen. "An analysis of the mandatory admission criterion within youth justice diversionary processes." Thesis, University of Bedfordshire, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10547/622545.

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‘To require old heads upon young shoulders is inconsistent with the law’s compassion to human infirmity’ (Lord Diplock in Director of Public Prosecutions v Camplin Appellant [1978] AC 717)’. For young people in England and Wales who offend, diversion from formal proceedings has historically been a principle constituent of youth justice policy and practice, and presently accounts for over a third of all outcomes for detected youth offending (Youth Justice Board for England and Wales, 2015). Although attitudes concerning diversion have often oscillated between favour and criticism, and there has rarely been a period of sustained consensus or constancy of processes (Bernard, 1992; Goldson, 2010), eligibility for an out of court disposal has traditionally been dependent on an admission of some form being made by a young person. This thesis seeks to place the evolution of diversionary measures for young people who commit low level offences or engage in nuisance behaviours into a contextual and historical context, and explore why an admission has become, in the absence of any discernible political, academic or professional considerations, a central tenet of diversionary policies in England and Wales. Potential barriers which may prevent some young people making an admission and unnecessarily losing eligibility for an out of court disposal are considered, as well as the nature and standard of admission expected from young people, and the circumstances in which admissions are usually sought from them. This thesis also explores whether the mandatory admission criterion is compatible with other statutory and international obligations to consider the welfare of a young person when determining a suitable disposal, and whether it sufficiently distinguishes between young people unwilling to make an admission and those who may feel unable to. The thesis seeks to identify the gaps in current academic and professional knowledge concerning whether some young people may unnecessarily forfeit eligibility for a diversionary outcome for the sole reason that they do not make an admission. The research undertaken with relevant professionals’ endeavours to fill these gaps by exploring the practical application of the admission criterion, as well considering any suitable alternatives within the existing statutory regime.
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Hermann, Inge. "Cold War heritage (and) tourism : exploring heritage processes within Cold War sites in Britain." Thesis, University of Bedfordshire, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10547/326057.

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For most of the second half of the 20th century the world's political map was divided by the Cold War, a name given to the 40-year long standoff between the superpowers - the Unites States and the USSR - and their allies. Due to its geographical location and alliance with the United States, Britain was at the 'frontline' of the Cold War. As a response to increasing tensions, the British Government made arrangements by building hundreds of military sites and structures, which were often dismantled or abandoned as the technology on which they relied became rapidly ineffective. Nowadays, there is a growing (academic) recognition of Cold War sites and their new or contemporary uses, including as heritage attractions within a tourism context. This study has brought forward a constructionist approach as to investigate how heritage works as a cultural and social practice that constructs and regulates a range of values and ideologies about what constitutes Cold War heritage (and) tourism in Britain. It has done this by, firstly, exploring the dominant and professional 'authorised heritage discourse', which aims to construct mutually, agreed and shared concepts about the phenomenon of 'Cold War heritage' within a tourism context. The study identified a network of actors, values, policies and discourses that centred on the concept of 'Cold War heritage' at selected sites through which a 'material reality' of the past is constructed. Although various opposing viewpoints were identified, the actors effectively seem to privilege and naturalise certain narratives of cultural and social meanings and values through tourism of what constitutes Cold War heritage and the ways it should be manifested through material and natural places, sites and objects within society. Differences were particularly noticeable in the values, uses and meanings of Cold iii Cold War heritage (and) tourism War heritage within the contemporary context of heritage management in Britain. For some, the sites were connected with a personal 'past', a place to commemorate, celebrate or learn from the past. For others, the sites were a source of income, a tourism asset, or contrary, a financial burden as the sites were not 'old enough' or 'aesthetically pleasing' to be regarded as a monument to be preserved as heritage. Subsequently, the study also explored the (disempowered) role of visitors to the sites as passive receivers, leaving little room for individual reflections on the wider social and cultural processes of Cold War heritage. Although, most visitors believed that the stewardship and professional view of the Cold War representations at the sites should not directly be contested, this study has illustrated the idea that what makes places valuable and gives them meaning as heritage sites is not solely based on contemporary practices by a dominant heritage discourse. Despite the visitors' support for the sole ownership by site managers, and the selective representations of the Cold War and events, they did question or negotiate the idea of 'heritage' as a physical and sole subject of management practices. Despite having little prior knowledge about the Cold War era or events, by pressing the borders of the authorised parameters of 'Cold War heritage', visitors actively constructed their experiences as being, or becoming, part of their personal and collective moments of 'heritage'. By inscribing (new) memories and meaning into their identity, and therefore also changing the nature of that identity, they reflected upon the past, present and future, (some more critically than others). To conclude, understanding these discursive meanings of Cold War heritage (and) tourism, and the ways in which ideas about Cold War heritage are constructed, negotiated and contested within and between discourses also contributes to understandings about the philosophical, historical, conceptual and political barriers that exist in identifying and engaging with different forms of heritage.
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Thompson, Diane. "The social and political construction of care : community care policy and the 'private' carer." Thesis, University of Bedfordshire, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10547/233629.

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This thesis presents a retrospective critique of the social and political construction of 'informal care' within community care policy from the period of the late 1970s to the mid 1990s. The thesis considers the question of the degree of 'choice' available to informal carers to say 'no' to caring, or aspects of caring, within the reforms' positioning of informal care as the first line of support for adult dependants. The critique focuses on subjectivity, difference, agency and choice. A theoretical and methodological synthesis is developed between feminist post-structuralism, feminist critiques of mainstream social policy, and feminist theory and research, within which a qualitative in-depth interview study with informal carers is situated. The critique is then expanded through the development of a 'Q' Methodology study with a larger cohort of informal carers. The research identified gendered generational differences between the carers, and a 'burden' of care imposed as an outcome of consecutive governments' attempts to residualise welfare. The older carers' levels of agency and choice were severely curtailed. However, the younger female carers were more able to resist the drive of the community care reforms, their counter discourses being based on a new emergent notion of 'rights'. The direction of community care policy was found to be out of step with how the carers within this study perceived their responsibilities and 'obligations'. The thesis argues that whilst post-modernism may have constrained the capacity of governments and reconstituted our understanding of 'care', it has not done so to the extent that we are no longer prepared to make demands for 'care' from and by the state.
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Wang, Yu. "The development of a novel on-line system for the monitoring and control of fermentation processes." Thesis, University of Bedfordshire, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10547/610796.

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This thesis describes the development of a computer controlled on-line system for fermentation monitoring and control. The entire system consists of a laboratory fermenter, flow injection system (four channels), a newly designed on-line filter, biomass analysis channel, pH and oxygen controllers as well as a spectrophotometer. A new design of gas driven flow injection analysis (FIA) allows a large number of reagents to be handled. The computer-controlled four channel PIA system is well suited for sequential analysis, which is important for fermentation on-line mOnitoring. The system can change the wavelength of the spectrophotometer automatically for each PIA channel, which makes the system powerful and flexible. A high frequency, low energy ultrasonic filter was modified and applied to the system for on-line mammalian cell culture sampling without breaking the sterile barrier. The results show that this novel application of ultrasonic filter technology results in higher efficiency and reliability and a longer life cycle than other types of filter. All the operations of the analytical system are controlled by a Macintosh computer (Quadra 950). The control program was written in LabVIEW which is a graphical programming language and well applicable to fermentation control. The software communicates with detectors, data acquisition, data analysis and presentation. The system can programmatically control up to 50 devices. Mammalian cell batch culture was used as an example of the application of the system. The system consists of a laboratory fermenter with a continuous sample withdrawal filter and an analysis system where glucose, lactate and ammonia, lactate dehydrogenase and biomass were measured. Cell viability was estimated by microscopic assay with trypan blue. pH and Oxygen were also measured. The system response was fast and yields a large number of reliable and precise analytical results which can be of great importance in the monitoring and control of mammalian cell culture conditions.
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(9155963), Fekadu Debella. "PROFITABILITY IMPROVEMENT OF CONSTRUCTION FIRMS THROUGH CONTINUOUS IMPROVEMENT USING RAPID IMPROVEMENT PRINCIPLES AND BEST PRACTICES." Thesis, 2020.

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The internal and external challenges construction companies face such as variability, low productivity, inefficient processes, waste, uncertainties, risks, fragmentation, adversarial contractual relationships, competition, and those resulting from internal and external challenges such as cost overruns and delays negatively affect company performance and profitability. Though research publications abound, these challenges persist, which indicates that the following gaps exist. Lean construction, process improvement, and performance improvement research have been conducted wherein improvement principles, and best practices are used to ameliorate performance issues, but several knowledge gaps exist. Few companies use these improvement principles and best practices. For those companies applying improvements, there is no established link between these improvements and performance/profitability to guide companies. Further, even when companies use improvement principles and best practices, they apply only one or two, whereas an integrated application of these improvement principles and best practices would be more effective. The other gap the author identified is the lack of strategic tools that construction companies can use to improve and manage their profitability. This thesis tried to fill the knowledge gap, at least partially, by developing a two-part excellence model for profitability improvement of construction companies. The excellence model lays out strategies that would enable companies to overcome the challenges and improve their profitability. The excellence model also gives an iterative and recursive continuous improvement model and flowchart to improve the profitability of construction companies. The researcher used high impact principles, guidelines, and concepts from the literature on organizational effectiveness, critical success factors, strategic company profitability growth enablers, process improvement, and process maturity models, performance improvement, and organizational excellence guidelines to develop the two-part excellence model.

The author also translated the two-part excellence model into the diagnostic tool and Decision Support System (DSS) by use of process diagrams, fishbone diagrams, root cause analysis, and use of improvement principles, countermeasures and best practices at the most granular (lowest intervention) levels to do away with root causes of poor performance. The author developed the diagnostic tool and Decision Support System (DSS) in Access 2016 to serve as a strategic tool to improve and manage the profitability of construction companies. The researcher used improvement principles, and best practices from scientific and practitioner literature to develop company and project process flow diagrams, and fishbone (cause and effect) diagrams for company, department, employee, interactions and project performance for the profitability improvement, which are the engines of the diagnostic tool and DSS. The diagnostic tool and DSS use continuous improvement cycles iteratively and recursively to improve the profitability of construction companies from the current net profit of 2-3 percent to a higher value.

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(8770325), Anzy Lee. "RIVERBED MORPHOLOGY, HYDRODYNAMICS AND HYPORHEIC EXCHANGE PROCESSES." Thesis, 2020.

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Hyporheic exchange is key to buffer water quality and temperatures in streams and rivers, while also providing localized downwelling and upwelling microhabitats. In this research, the effect of geomorphological parameters on hyporheic exchange has been assessed from a physical standpoint: surface and subsurface flow fields, pressure distribution across the sediment/water interface and the residence time in the bed.

First, we conduct a series of numerical simulations to systematically explore how the fractal properties of bedforms are related to hyporheic exchange.We compared the average interfacial flux and residence time distribution in the hyporheic zone with respect to the magnitude of the power spectrum and the fractal dimension of riverbeds. The results show that the average interfacial flux increases logarithmically with respect to the maximum spectral density whereas it increases exponentially with respect to fractal dimension.

Second, we demonstrate how the Froude number affects the free-surface profile, total head over sediment bed and hyporheic flux. When the water surface is fixed,the vertical velocity profile from the bottom to the air-water interface follows the law of the wall so that the velocity at the air-water interface has the maximum value. On the contrary, in the free-surface case, the velocity at the interface no longer has the maximum value: the location having the maximum velocity moves closer to the sediment bed. This results in increasing velocity near the bed and larger head gradients, accordingly.

Third,we investigate how boulder spacing and embeddedness affect the near-bed hydrodynamics and the surface-subsurface water exchange.When the embeddedness is small, the recirculation vortex is observed in both closely-packed and loosely-packed cases, but the size of vortex was smaller and less coherent in the closely-packed case. For these dense clusters, the inverse relationship between embeddedness and flux no longer holds. As embeddedness increases, the subsurface flowpaths move in the lateral direction, as the streamwise route is hindered by the submerged boulder. The average residence time therefore decreases as the embeddedness increases.

Lastly, we propose a general artificial neural network for predicting the pressure field at the channel bottom using point velocities at different level. We constructed three different data-driven models with multivariate linear regression, local linear regression and artificial neural network. The input variable is velocity in x, y, and z directions and the target variable is pressure at the sediment bed. Our artificial neural network model produces consistent and accurate prediction performance under various conditions whereas other linear surrogate models such as linear multivariate regression and local linear multivariate regression significantly depend on input variable.

As restoring streams and rivers has moved from aesthetics and form to a more holistic approach that includes processes, we hope our study can inform designs that benefit both structural and functional outcomes. Our results could inform a number of critical processes, such as biological filtering for example. It is possible to use our approach to predict hyporheic exchange and thus constrain the associated biogeochemical processing under different topographies. As river restoration projects become more holistic, geomorphological, biogeochemical and hydro-ecological aspects should also be considered.

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Book chapters on the topic "Construction Processes not elsewhere classified"

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Farris, David W. "Construction and evolution of the Kodiak Talkeetna arc crustal section, southern Alaska." In Crustal Cross Sections from the Western North American Cordillera and Elsewhere: Implications for Tectonic and Petrologic Processes. Geological Society of America, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/2009.2456(03).

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Naorem, Anandkumar, Shiva Kumar Udayana, Jaison Maverick, and Sachin Patel. "Soil Microbe-Mediated Bioremediation: Mechanisms and Applications in Soil Science." In Industrial Applications of Soil Microbes, 133–50. BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/9789815039955122010013.

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Bioremediation is a prominent and novel technology among decontamination studies because of its economic practicability, enhanced proficiency, and environmental friendliness. The continuously deteriorating environment due to pollutants was taken care of by the use of various sustainable microbial processes. It is a process that uses microorganisms like bacteria and fungi, green plants, or their enzymes to restore the natural environment altered by contaminants to its native condition. Contaminant compounds are altered by microorganisms through reactions that come off as a part of their metabolic processes. Bioremediation technologies can be generally classified as in situ or ex situ. In situ bioremediation involves treating the pollutants at the site, while ex situ bioremediation involves the elimination of the pollutants to be treated elsewhere. This chapter deals with several aspects, such as the detailed description of bioremediation, factors of bioremediation, the role of microorganisms in bioremediation, different microbial processes and mechanisms involved in the remediation of contaminants by microorganisms, and types of bioremediation technologies such as bioventing, land farming, bioreactors, composting, bioaugmentation, biofiltration, and bio-stimulation.
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DeSoucey, Michaela. "Vive le Foie Gras!" In Contested Tastes. Princeton University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691154930.003.0002.

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This chapter explains how foie gras had come to be thought of as French food, and discusses the consequences of this development. It argues that foie gras overflowed its original regional borders and came to denote French national culture at least in part because it is contentious elsewhere—a significant version of gastropolitics called “gastronationalism.” Yet how foie gras is marketed to the French public today, including by the French state, conveniently obscures the industry's capital-intensive expansion and transformations over the last few decades. Foie gras's success should be understood as a social and cultural achievement, one made possible through the work of interdependent players and processes. While culture indubitably plays a pivotal role in the construction and reification of national symbols, the story of foie gras makes clear what can happen when markets and politics bolster explanations typically construed as cultural ones.
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Kahlos, Maijastina. "Individuals, groups, and plural possibilities in Late Antiquity." In Religious Dissent in Late Antiquity, 350-450, 85–91. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190067250.003.0007.

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This chapter questions the categories ‘pagans’ and ‘heretics’ that were built and maintained as a given in imperial and ecclesiastical discourses. It discusses the construction of an identity as an abstract and universal process, but profoundly embedded in specific historical, cultural, social, and material environments. Groups, but also individuals, have a propensity to mould their identities. Thus, despite an individual being classified as a Christian by late antique bishops, being Christian was not the only available alternative. An individual could activate and deactivate identities in a given situation from a situational selection of identities. The category ‘pagans’ developed by Christian writers should not be taken for granted. Instead, scholars ought to analyse the processes by means of which the late antique writers used categories such as ‘pagans’ and ‘heretics’, as well as ‘Christians’, to make sense of their world. The boundaries between groups such as late antique pagans and Christians were continuously shifting, negotiated, and redefined.
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Barbu, Marius C., Roman Reh, and Mark Irle. "Wood-Based Composites." In Research Developments in Wood Engineering and Technology, 1–45. IGI Global, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-4554-7.ch001.

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Wood composites are made from various wood or ligno-cellulosic non-wood materials (shape and origin) that are bonded together using either natural bonding or synthetic resin (e.g. thermoplastic or duroplastic polymers), or organic- (e.g. plastics)/inorganic-binder (e.g. cement). This product mix ranges from panel products (e.g., plywood, particleboard, strandboard, or fiberboard) to engineered timber substitutes (e.g., laminated veneer lumber or structural composite lumber). These composites are used for a number of structural and nonstructural applications in product lines ranging from interior to exterior applications (e.g. furniture and architectural trim in buildings). Wood composite materials can be engineered to meet a range of specific properties. When wood materials and processing variables are properly selected, the result can provide high performance and reliable service. Laminated composites consist of wood veneers bonded with a resin-binder and fabricated with either parallel- (e.g. Laminated Veneer Lumber with higher performance properties parallel to grain) or cross-banded veneers (e.g. plywood, homogenous and with higher dimensional stability). Particle-, strand-, or fiberboard composites are normally classified by density (high, medium, low) and element size. Each is made with a dry woody element, except for fiberboard, which can be made by either dry or wet processes. Hybrid composites based on wood wool, particles, and floor mixed with cement or gypsum are used in construction proving high weathering and fire resistance in construction. The mixture with plastics (PP or PE) and wood floor open a new generation of injected or molded Wood Plastic Composites (WPC), which are able to substitute plastics for some utilizations. In addition, sandwich panels with light core made from plastic foams or honeycomb papers are used in the furniture industry.
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Barbu, Marius C., Roman Reh, and Mark Irle. "Wood-Based Composites." In Materials Science and Engineering, 1038–74. IGI Global, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-1798-6.ch041.

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Wood composites are made from various wood or ligno-cellulosic non-wood materials (shape and origin) that are bonded together using either natural bonding or synthetic resin (e.g. thermoplastic or duroplastic polymers), or organic- (e.g. plastics)/inorganic-binder (e.g. cement). This product mix ranges from panel products (e.g., plywood, particleboard, strandboard, or fiberboard) to engineered timber substitutes (e.g., laminated veneer lumber or structural composite lumber). These composites are used for a number of structural and nonstructural applications in product lines ranging from interior to exterior applications (e.g. furniture and architectural trim in buildings). Wood composite materials can be engineered to meet a range of specific properties. When wood materials and processing variables are properly selected, the result can provide high performance and reliable service. Laminated composites consist of wood veneers bonded with a resin-binder and fabricated with either parallel- (e.g. Laminated Veneer Lumber with higher performance properties parallel to grain) or cross-banded veneers (e.g. plywood, homogenous and with higher dimensional stability). Particle-, strand-, or fiberboard composites are normally classified by density (high, medium, low) and element size. Each is made with a dry woody element, except for fiberboard, which can be made by either dry or wet processes. Hybrid composites based on wood wool, particles, and floor mixed with cement or gypsum are used in construction proving high weathering and fire resistance in construction. The mixture with plastics (PP or PE) and wood floor open a new generation of injected or molded Wood Plastic Composites (WPC), which are able to substitute plastics for some utilizations. In addition, sandwich panels with light core made from plastic foams or honeycomb papers are used in the furniture industry.
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Boiko, Yana. "MODELLING AS A METHOD OF COGNITION IN THE HUMANITIESMODELLING AS A METHOD OF COGNITION IN THE HUMANITIES." In Development of scientific, technological and innovation space in Ukraine and EU countries. Publishing House “Baltija Publishing”, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/978-9934-26-151-0-1.

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Modelling of physical objects, processes, and phenomena, i.e. their study by creating their copies (models), which reproduce their characteristic properties, is a powerful tool used by researchers while studying the systems of different nature. The purpose of the paper is to demonstrate the genesis of modelling as an effective method of cognition in the framework of the anthropocentric paradigm of research. The solution of such research problems determines the logic of the presentation of the studied material in the paper: systematisation of achievements in the theory and practice of modelling as a universal tool of human thinking and a means of research; development of taxonomy of models in research; theoretical substantiation of modelling in the context of heuristic possibilities of the linguistic paradigm. Methodology of the study is based on general research methods of analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, observation and abstraction, which are used to systematise achievements in the theory and practice of modelling systems of different nature in the humanities and, in particular, in linguistics. Results of the survey showed that modelling in the humanities has been actively used during the last decade of the 20th century. The model in the humanities is understood as a tool that schematically represents objects, phenomena, and processes that are inaccessible to direct observation, and thus provides an idea of them. The development of taxonomy of models in research is carried out according to various criteria. In this study, models are classified according to the following parameters: object for modelling, classes of signs used in the model, the relationship of models with real objects or processes, the way of representation. Regardless of the type of model, the modelling process consists of four categories of activities, namely construction, study, verification, and use, referred to as the iteration process. In linguistics, the widespread use of the modelling method is associated with the emergence of mathematical linguistics in the 1950s and 1960s, although the term “model” was introduced by Z. Harris in 1944. Linguistic modelling has its own specific features. A linguistic model is both an artificially created construct that reproduces the properties of the phenomenon under study and a scheme that has the property of reproducibility. Practical implications. The construction of a linguistic model is not only one of the means of reflecting linguistic phenomena, but also an objective criterion for verifying the truth of language knowledge. Value/originality. The effectiveness of the modelling method, which creates opportunities for deeper knowledge of the studied objects, phenomena, and processes, encourages linguists to develop a variety of linguistic models that could solve practical problems of linguistics, namely, information retrieval, machine translation, natural language comprehension, extraction and localization of knowledge from the text, etc.
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Conference papers on the topic "Construction Processes not elsewhere classified"

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Nakahira, Masataka, Kenichiro Niimi, and Hirosada Irie. "JSME Construction Standard for Superconducting Magnet of Fusion Facility “Fabrication, Installation, NDE and Testing”." In ASME 2009 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2009-77639.

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For construction of TF coil, a “Fabrication and Installation” standard FM-4000, accompanying a mandatory Appendix 41 “Welded Joint” and a “Nondestructive Examination” standard FM-5000 accompanying a mandatory Appendix 51 for “Ultrasonic Examination Method” and a “Pressure and Leak Testing” standard FM-6000 have been developed, based on other JSME standards for nuclear power plant (JSME S NB1) and also ASME Sec. III ND, NF or Sec. VIII-div.2 Since TF coil structure does not include radioactive materials but is operated under high stress produced by high magnetic field, it is not safety-relevant-barrier. The requirements to construction should be relaxed in comparison with a fission reactor. The TF coil structure is mainly classified into two divisions; (1) Jacket and helium cooling pipe that is required for leak tightness, and (2) The general structure which is stressed only by the electromagnetic force. For the welded joint in the structure part (1), more severe requirements for nondestructive examination are prescribed in addition to the requirement for pressure and leak testing, based on JSME S NB1 and ASME Sec. III ND, NF or Sec. VIII-div.2. All of weld joints are classified into 6 categories depending on strength and direction of the stress induced by the magnetic field. Approved weld joint configuration and welding processes, nondestructive examinations, pressure and leak testing required and also acceptance criteria of discontinuity are defined in each category. Qualification of welding personnel and inspector are also defined, but its final responsibility is to the owner of TF coil.
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Chaves, Lárdner Gadelha, and Vanessa Ribeiro Campos. "Classificação dos fatores de risco relacionados com a produtividade da construção civil." In XI SIMPÓSIO BRASILEIRO DE GESTÃO E ECONOMIA DA CONSTRUÇÃO. Antac, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46421/sibragec.v11i00.63.

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The activities that seek to improve productivity are considered one of the main concerns of construction companies. Studies on this topic provide a better understanding as well as initiatives to make processes more efficient. In this context, this paper identifies the risk factors that most affect productivity in the construction industry, and proposes a classification for them in order to identify its main sources of occurrence. A bibliographical study from periodicals and scientific events was carried out with a total of 17 papers that identified and hierarchized these factors. Thus, the risks were classified according to four categories, presented according to their order of importance: process, materials, environment and workers. Finally, some measures are indicated to mitigate or prevent the occurrence of these phenomena.
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Pérez, Cristina Toca, and Lucas Yui Thi Fernandes da Cunha Cheng. "Análise da produtividade na adequação das instalações do sistema de combate a incêndio." In XI SIMPÓSIO BRASILEIRO DE GESTÃO E ECONOMIA DA CONSTRUÇÃO. Antac, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46421/sibragec.v11i00.45.

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The Military Firefighters Corps of Bahia in 2015 established the Technical Instruction n°43 which regulates standards and measures of security against fire and panic in buildings, structures and risk areas. According to this Technical Instruction is mandatory to build, adapt and reform buildings according to the legal requirements of the Decree Law of 16.302/2015. Due to the fact that is a new regulation, there are a few studies that have focused on studying the adequacy of the Fire Protection Systems in the existing buildings. Hence, this paper aims to identify performance indicators for the execution of services of adaptation of Fire Safety and Protection System of existing buildings. For that, a Case Study was performed in a shopping center in the city of Salvador, Bahia. The present study comprised four stages: (a) selection of the building and the processes to be studied; (b) data collection; (c) productivity analysis; (d) and identification of events that affected workforce productivity. The main practical contribution of this work is the presentation of workforce productivity metrics, which can be used by construction companies as a tool for planning future construction projects. Moreover, events that generated low productivity during the study are presented and classified according its causes.
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Marchenko, Nataliya. "Navigation in the Russian Arctic: Sea Ice Caused Difficulties and Accidents." In ASME 2013 32nd International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2013-10546.

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The 5 Russian Arctic Seas have common features, but differ significantly from each other in the sea ice regime and navigation specifics. Navigation in the Arctic is a big challenge, especially during the winter season. However, it is necessary, due to limited natural resources elsewhere on Earth that may be easier for exploitation. Therefore sea ice is an important issue for future development. We foresee that the Arctic may become ice free in summer as a result of global warming and even light yachts will be able to pass through the Eastern Passage. There have been several such examples in the last years. But sea ice is an inherent feature of Arctic Seas in winter, it is permanently immanent for the Central Arctic Basin. That is why it is important to get appropriate knowledge about sea ice properties and operations in ice conditions. Four seas, the Kara, Laptev, East Siberian, and Chukchi have been examined in the book “Russian Arctic Seas. Navigation Condition and Accidents”, Marchenko, 2012 [1]. The book is devoted to the eastern sector of the Arctic, with a description of the seas and accidents caused by heavy ice conditions. The traditional physical-geographical characteristics, information about the navigation conditions and the main sea routes and reports on accidents that occurred in the 20th century have reviewed. An additional investigation has been performed for more recent accidents and for the Barents Sea. Considerable attention has been paid to problems associated with sea ice caused by the present development of the Arctic. Sea ice can significantly affect shipping, drilling, and the construction and operation of platforms and handling terminals. Sea ice is present in the main part of the east Arctic Sea most of the year. The Barents Sea, which is strongly influenced and warmed by the North Atlantic Current, has a natural environment that is dramatically different from those of the other Arctic seas. The main difficulties with the Barents Sea are produced by icing and storms and in the north icebergs. The ice jet is the most dangerous phenomenon in the main straits along the Northern Sea Route and in Chukchi Seas. The accidents in the Arctic Sea have been classified, described and connected with weather and ice conditions. Behaviour of the crew is taken into consideration. The following types of the ice-induced accidents are distinguished: forced drift, forced overwintering, shipwreck, and serious damage to the hull in which the crew, sometimes with the help of other crews, could still save the ship. The main reasons for shipwrecks and damages are hits of ice floes (often in rather calm ice conditions), ice nipping (compression) and drift. Such investigation is important for safety in the Arctic.
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Akinshipe, Olushola, Matthew Ikuabe, and Clinton Aigbavboa. "Digital Transformation in Quantity Surveying: Where Lies the Issues?" In 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1002658.

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Most industries are embracing digitalisation as a result of the fourth industrial revolution. However, the construction industry has lagged in this bid as it only recently embraced technological innovations. In recent times, quantity surveying firms are continually adopting technological innovation in their work practices. The current study will provide relevant knowledge about the impact of digitalisation within quantity surveying firms in South Africa. Hence, the study explores the stumbling blocks to digitalisation in quantity surveying. Data for the research was gathered through a survey of professional quantity surveyors working in South Africa. Theoretical review highlights that the value added by digital transformation greatly outweighs the problem, hence the need to ensure that the quantity surveying profession is fully digitalised. Theoretical findings classified the barriers to digital transformation in quantity surveying four significant categories; personnel competency, cost and affordability, data and cyber security issues and stakeholders concerns. Empirical findings rank the barriers in the order of impact as follows: first - cost and affordability, second - personnel competency, third - stakeholders concerns data and last - cyber security issues. These costs include the cost of purchase, installation and operation of digital tools, as well as training and development of staff to deploy digital transformation within activities and processes. Finally, it is recommended that governmental and professional institutions support the digital transformation in funding, educational reforms and sensitisation programmes.
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Díez Medina, Carmen, and Javier Monclús. "Mass housing estates legacy: urban design perspectives." In 24th ISUF 2017 - City and Territory in the Globalization Age. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/isuf2017.2017.5887.

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In the recent international debate about mass housing estates built during the decades of rapid urban growth after the World War II different approaches coexist. Many studies, including diagnosis about their current state, have been carried out, some of them from a social and economic standpoint; other offer architectural and historical approaches. It has only been in the last years, that urban planning and urban design perspectives have been considered in depth. In the case of Spain, some global visions complement more specific approaches, such as the ones focused on the obsolescence of dwelling typologies and urban forms. In addition to this, there are consolidated teams working on some cities, especially Madrid and Barcelona, which continue developing previous studies started some decades ago. Our starting point is that Spanish collective housing (polígonos) constitutes a huge legacy which needs accurate diagnosis. Our research has been developed from an urban design perspective, focusing on urban forms and free open spaces. The goal is to add some nuances to some excessively generic interpretations, trying to find ‘indicators’ (such as density, urban integration, diversity…) that allow a suitable evaluation of ‘each’ case, besides a qualitative approach. Although there are common factors that have led to a general loss of urban quality, it is necessary to take into account the specificities of each city, context, transformation processes, etc. In this way, future necessary interventions could provide more appropriate knowledge for the regeneration, recovery or reactivation of these estates. This paper addresses with a comparative perspective some case studies of Spanish polígonos built in Madrid, Barcelona and Zaragoza between 1950 and 1975. Contrasting the original situation at the time of their construction with their current state, the quality of the urban projects (classified in ‘Best’, ‘Good’, ‘Standard’, ‘Poor’) and the resilience or the obsolescence processes has been tested.
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Cohen, Lauro Arthur Farias Paiva, and Nubia Suely Silva Santos. "New demands on design education: from the research to practice." In LINK 2021. Tuwhera Open Access, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/link2021.v2i1.123.

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One of the contemporary challenges for research and practice in design and materials is the ability to associate technical information on properties and processing of materials with creative activities and applications. Currently, there is a return to artisanal practices and processes, in which there is a continuous dialogue between the designer, the material, and the project. This study demonstrates the relevance of practice-oriented design processes in the construction of knowledge. In an experience facilitated through post-consumer paper recycling workshops with students from the Bachelor of Design course at the State University of Pará (Brazil), ways of producing recycled paper tiles were investigated and the effects of this activity were discussed. The context of the activity is based on theoretical studies in materials and design, with a methodological approach focused on practical experiments in a research and teaching scenario.The research is classified as exploratory. The methodology adopted is based on the experimental method, considering the testing of new compositions and the response of materials to the processes. The recycling process consists of preparing post-consumer paper waste, producing cellulose pulp, and making paper tiles for subsequent painting. The tile alternative was inspired by the architecture of Belém (Pará - Brazil), bringing affective memories and a reinterpretation. In the methodological approach, the residue has its sensory and physical characteristics experienced after paper shredding. The homogeneity of the pulp is crucial for a good surface finish after drying. In the pulp molding step, after tests and research in the literature, silicone was selected as the most suitable material for the mold, also the possibility to form reliefs on the tile surface. During the workshops, each participant had the opportunity to interact with the material, from which the sensory analyzes are verbalized and discussed in the group, looking for alternatives for applications. In the course of the creation of the tiles, the participants expressed their feelings, references, and interests through painting. Different colors and textures worked during the activity give the artifact the characteristic of those who manipulate it. The activity provided a network of contacts and meetings in which students had the opportunity to reflect on waste disposal. One of the contributions to education in materials design is the possibility of dealing with awareness and critical concepts. Participants shared their experiences and stories related to the themes presented, as well as perspectives on sustainability. The workshop enabled the construction of new meanings and experiences with the production of products through the playful aspects of handcrafting, in addition to exemplifying the need to involve the understanding of sensory qualities in the design process. At the end of the activity, pieces with potential for indoor environments were obtained and a permanent art installation was designed at the State University of Pará. Through contemplation, the audience used touch to interact with the pieces, enhance the aesthetics and investigate the individuality of paper tiles. The installation transformed the space into a reference point, a place for meetings and interactions.
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Ferguson, Eric L., Marco Castillo, Abraham Kazzaz, and Toby F. Dunner. "Case Study on the Impacts of an Automated Condition Assessment System Deployed Across Offshore Production Facilities." In ADIPEC. SPE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/211273-ms.

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Abstract Objectives / Scope Continuous Fabric Maintenance (FM) is crucial for uninterrupted operations on offshore oil and gas platforms. A primary FM goal is managing equipment degradation onset across the production facilities. General Vision Inspection (GVI) programs target timely detection and grading of defects such as corrosion severity, coating condition, and likelihood-of-failure. These processes are costly, time-consuming, labor-intensive, and must be conducted on-site. Moreover, inspection findings are subjective and provide incomplete asset coverage, leading to increased risk of unplanned shutdowns. Insights from inspection programs feed into the prioritization of equipment maintenance and defect remediation. The impacts of an Automated Condition Assessment system on FM efficiency, risk reduction, maintenance cost reduction, and required manpower are demonstrated in practice across four offshore deep water production facilities. Methods, Procedures, Process Inspection Data is collected across the entirety of the facilities using a terrestrial scanner. Corrosion onset, coating degradation, and equipment is detected, classified, and identified across the facility using the Automated Condition Assessment System, empowered by machine learning and computer vision algorithms. Equipment is tagged with unique piping line numbers per design, fixed equipment tags, or a unique asset identification number. Detected defects and equipment tags are registered together, which results in a comprehensive equipment condition database. Each of these individual tags will be used to group together all relevant images and point out potential defects. By amalgamizing the different perspectives, the coverage on each asset will be increased. This includes imagery-based examples as well as holistic point cloud coverage which are used to better prioritize asset management and maintenance processes. Results, Observations, Conclusions Recommendations and their impacts from the Automated Condition Assessment System are compared against recommendations and impacts from the standard GVI process (i.e., physical walkdowns) conducted one year earlier. The GVI process gives gross estimations either by block/ or paint region. The Automated Condition Assessment System uses volumetric data given by scans to report results in various segmentations. These include: per block, line, area, and height groupings. Reported results are averaged across the four deep water production facilities. The Automated Condition Assessment System achieved increased inspection coverage, at a reduced cost, with decreased PoB (Person on Board) requirements. Facility inspection coverage rose from 15% to >95%, with a 6% of the usual PoB requirement, and at a 50% inspection cost reduction. Work packs are created based on the Automated Condition Assessment System recommendations. Better prioritization of maintenance resulted in an estimated 86% reduction in maintenance costs, over a two year period. Novel/Additive Information The Automated Condition Assessment system contributes directly to greater risk awareness, targeted remediation strategies, improving the overall efficiency of the asset management process, reducing maintenance costs, and the down-time of offshore facilities. Fabric Maintenance campaigns vary across many operators in the offshore oil and gas space and can largely depend on cost of PoB. Since painting, remediation, and coating can be such a high-volume task, a large number of people are required to paint a portion of the platform in a short period of time. Many operators cannot afford to have large PoB requirements for their offshore Fabric Maintenance campaigns, so they employ strategies to reduce the time and personnel allocation. For example, an operator may choose to have a parallel strategy where two separate teams address Fabric Maintenance related problems offshore. One team will be dedicated to pursuing issues which are in more critical condition and in risk of becoming nominated for a complete replacement. When an item is replaced instead of remediated, painted, or re-coated the implications of cost increase ten-fold. One paint job’s associated cost could be as low as a few thousand dollars while a full replacement job offshore could be requiring a significant engineering, construction and planning effort amassing to several hundred thousand dollars. Another team could be dedicated to painting by block or designated region. The focus of this team is to address all non-critical issues while also repainting any defects found during their campaign. However, the critical issues cannot be addressed by this team due to the delicate nature of the asset condition. Varying approaches to Fabric Maintenance can also include a dedicated on-site team for painting and remediation or a rotational program that addresses the entire facility. It should also be clear that remediation, coating and painting is not limited to process equipment but can also include structural and safety equipment.
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