Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Construction – Matériaux – Développement durable'
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Dardouri, Wadie. "Réhabilitation des friches industrielles : approche de développement durable pour les structures et infrastructures." Lille 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006LIL10005.
Niang, Ibrahim. "Contribution à la certification des bâtiments durables au Sénégal : cas d'étude des matériaux de construction biosourcés à base de Typha." Thesis, Reims, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018REIMS030.
This work is a part of PNEEB/Typha project (National Program for Energy Efficiency of Buildings) for the valorisation of an invasive reed, the Typha Australis, as a thermal insulator to improve the energy efficiency of buildings in Senegal. An agromaterial based on clay soil and Typha Australis is elaborated in order to evaluate the influence of the amount and fibres morphology on the material behaviour. For this, two production mode of granulates are chosen: longitudinal and transversal cut. Physical properties are studied (porosity, apparent, and absolute density, microstructure) and mechanical strength is determined. Sound absorption is also evaluated, as well as hygrothermal properties, and fire behaviour. Results show that granulate morphology affects the mechanical shear and flexure behaviour, as well as the acoustic absorption. Its impact on the compression strength is less pronounced. A greater portion of Typha fibers reduces the mechanical strength. However, hygrothermal performances are increased due to the aggregates porosity. Typha transverse fraction improves thermal resistance and increase water vapor transfer. This study also shows that these materials are excellent moisture regulators. Finally, fire tests reveal that it can be classified as combustible but non-flammable due to the clay presence. The fibres shape does not have a great influence
Bui, Quoc-Bao. "Stabilité des structures en pisé : durabilité, caractéristiques mécaniques." Lyon, INSA, 2008. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2008ISAL0093/these.pdf.
Rammed earth construction is an ancient technique which is attracting renewed interest throughout the world today, thanks to the energy performance of this material throughout the lifecycle of a building: construction, occupation and demolition phases. Although rammed earth is currently regarded as a promising material in the construction sector in the context of sustainable development, it is still difficult to quantify its durability, as well as its mechanical and thermal performances, which discourages people from using it. This thesis is devoted to the study of these problems, especially the two first ones. The study of the durability of rammed earth was carried out on rammed earth walls exposed for 20 years to natural weathering, in a wet continental climate. A method to measure the rammed earth walls erosion by stereo-photogrammetry has been developed. The result shows a lifetime longer than 60 years in the case of the unstabilised rammed earth wall. This shows a potential for the use of unstabilised rammed earth in the similar climatic conditions with this study. The method of stereo-photogrammetry used to measure the erosion of rammed earth walls on site may also help to calibrate and develop more pertinent laboratory test to assess the durability of rammed earth wall. The study of the mechanical characteristics of rammed earth in compression was carried out on three different scales. The first is the scale of in-situ walls. Dynamic measurements were carried out on site to determine the Eigen frequencies of the walls. The elastic modulus was determined from the frequencies measured by using a finite element model. The second is the scale of a representative volume element (RVE). Rammed earth RVE samples with dimensions similar to those of the walls on site were manufactured and tested in the laboratory. Finally, at the last scale, called the micro-mechanical scale, tests were performed on equivalent compressed earth blocks (CEBs), which can replace the rammed earth RVE samples to facilitate laboratory tests. An exploratory study of seismic characteristics of rammed earth houses has also been established. The comparison of Eigen periods of rammed earth houses obtained from in-situ measurements and those of empirical formula proposed by seismic standards has been done. The strengthening techniques to improve the seismic capacity of rammed earth houses were also discussed
Nouri, Mustapha. "Développement d'éléments en biocomposite à base de fibre végétale pour la réhabilitation énergétique des bâtiments." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Nantes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020ECDN0038.
With a view to meet the market demand for biosourced materials in France for the building sector, the present work aimed to formulate a new biosourced material by exploiting new plant resources, such as the Diss plant. This material will be used to produce cladding panels for buildings renovation. Firstly, a study on the extraction, treatment and characterisation of Diss fibres was carried out, followed secondly by an application of these fibres as a reinforcement to a thermoplastic matrix, polypropylene The mechanical and hydrothermal characterisation, durability evaluation and environmental assessment of the production phase of these biocomposites were studied. The results are promising especially for such an application where the Diss fibres showed interesting mechanical and hydro/hydrothermal properties. In addition, the incorporation of the fibres led to an improvement in the mechanical properties of the matrix. On the other hand, the durability study highlighted the hydrothermal ageing effect on their mechanical properties. It was also concluded that the use of Diss fibres had a clearly positive effect on the reduction of global warming impacts thanks to the biogenic sequestration of CO2. These results help to better anticipate the future industrialisation of these fibres and highlight their beneficial effect on the environment
Bur, Nicolas. "Etude des caractéristiques physico-chimiques de nouveaux bétons éco-respectueux pour leur résistance à l'environnement dans le cadre du développement durable." Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00804542.
El, boukhari Mohamed. "« Analyse expérimentale du comportement mécanique et thermiqued'un béton et d'un mortier allégés par des grignons d'olives : Application au bâtiment »." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Reims, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023REIMS040.
The management of agricultural waste and the promotion of sustainable building materials offer many considerable benefits. By integrating sustainable practices into the construction sector, we have the ability to reduce our ecological footprint by limiting the excessive exploitation of natural resources. The research conducted in this study aims to develop a lightweight structural concrete and cement mortar using organic olive pomace aggregates. Two types of aggregates were used, depending on whether they were mixed with or without olive mill wastewater. The main objective of this study is to experimentally evaluate the mechanical and thermal properties of lightened concrete and mortar specimens in comparison with ordinary concrete and mortar specimens. They were prepared using dry and saturated olive pomace aggregates, with a percentage substitution of natural sand ranging from 0% to 15%. The results showed that the optimal formulation for producing lightweight concrete consists of 5% dry olive pomace aggregates mixed with olive mill wastewater. This formulation offers better mechanical properties, including a compressive strength of 25 MPa, a tensile strength of 4.61 MPa, and a dynamic modulus of elasticity of 44.39 GPa. Additionally, the resulting material has a reduced dry bulk density, leading to a decrease of approximately 5.69% compared to the reference concrete. For cement mortar, the best results were obtained with a mixture containing 5% dry olive pomace aggregates mixed with olive mill wastewater. The results showed a marginal effect on compressive strength (Rc), reaching 33.50 MPa after 28 days of curing. However, for both concrete and mortar, microstructural analysis revealed weak adhesion between olive pomace aggregates and the cement matrix at the Interfacial Transition Zone. Experimental tests also showed that increasing the content of olive pomace aggregates reduces the ultrasound propagation velocity and the dynamic modulus of elasticity of lightweight concrete and mortar, as well as their workability, while increasing their porosity.As regards the thermal properties of the developed materials, the incorporation of olive pomace aggregates led to an improvement in thermal resistance. In the case of lightweight concrete with 5% of dry olive pomace aggregates mixed with olive mill wastewater, the thermal conductivity (λ) decreased from 1.3 W/m·K (for the control specimen) to 0.86 W/m·K. In the case of cement mortar containing 5% of dry olive pomace aggregates mixed with olive mill wastewater, the thermal conductivity (λ) decreased from 1.1 W/m·K (control specimen) to 0.87 W/m·K. In conclusion, this study revealed that the materials developed and tested under laboratory conditions meet the required standards for general use in construction
Mequignon, Marc-André. "Comment la durée de vie des bâtiments peut-elle influencer les performances en termes de développement soutenable?" Thesis, Toulouse, INSA, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ISAT0032/document.
The purpose of this thesis is to highlight the importance of the lifespan of the buildingand its components and and as well as to see it in the light of constraints imposed bysustainable development criterias. The focuse of our paper is to characterize the behavior inthis approach, namely environmental, economic and social features.After presenting and analyzing the state of art concerning the lifespan of the building andapproach the building in terms of sustainable development, we characterize the impact of theformer on the latter. Our method is based on two objects of study :- The first is a wall unit outside. This allows us to define precisely the function of useand the technical solutions more specifically for this function;- The second study is a housing-type building. This method is based on that of the wallunit, but we can check behaviour of each technical solutions in the use stage. Thus, we caneasily produce results commensurate.The first approach involves assumptions of lifetimes of technical solutions with which wemake the simulations. In a second step, the analysis takes into account the lifespan as avariable and we analyze the consequences in terms of sustainable development.To promote the exploitation of knowledge produced and to situate them within theproject approach, we propose a schematic modification of current tools for assessingperformance
Cloquet, Basile. "Vers un habitat écoresponsable en Saône-et-Loire, qui privilégie les ressources locales." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00965086.
Lagarde-Dupraz, Sandrine. "Contribution à l'élaboration d'une méthodologie de construction d'indicateurs du développement durable a usage des industries." Lyon, INSA, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998ISAL0098.
The Sustainable Development (SD) is a concept that came out in 1987 in the Brundltand Report and was developed by the 1992 Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro. This concept seeks to conciliate economic prosperity, social development and environmental protection. After presenting the state of the art of international initiatives for SD in the industrial and institutional sectors, this study attempts to analyze• and understand how businesses; as agents of development in our societies, can progressively integrate SD into their operations in coordination with other local, national and international stakeholders. An answer is given in this thesis in the form of a contribution to the development of a methodology for constructing SD indicators for industrial use. This methodology is based on a participatory and coordinated approach. Useful tools and a charter of SD have been produced to complement the methodology
Levrel, Harold. "Biodiversité et développement durable : quels indicateurs." Phd thesis, Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales (EHESS), 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00128430.
Cette thèse cherche à évaluer la pertinence des indicateurs d'interactions existants ainsi que des méthodes de construction innovantes qui se fixent pour objectif de développer des outils de co-gestion adaptative de la biodiversité
Dinouard, Christophe. "La paysannerie à l'épreuve du développement durable : construction et pérennisation d'une cause collective chez les paysans bretons depuis les années 1980." Amiens, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006AMIE0054.
The thesis relates to an interrogation about the social mechanisms of the adhesion of the French peasants to a "collective" project fascinating of account, as legitimately as of other activities called "classically" agricultural (productions dairy, cereal, transformation. . . ), the causes of environment or sustainable development. To understand the reasons of the engagement of the farmers in an alternative agriculture, research rests on a processual and qualitative analysis (interview, direct observations, photographs) of the various spheres of experiments of the farmers (professional, familial, militant) who militate in two associations of the Réseau Agriculture Durable in Bretagne: the ADAGE (Agriculture Durable par l’Autonomie, la Gestion et l’Environnement) and the CEDAPA (Centre d’Etudes pour un Développement Agricole Plus Autonome)
Varella, Marcelo Dias. "L' inégalité Nord-Sud et la construction juridique du "développement durable" dans le droit international." Paris 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA010274.
Taburet, Aurélien. "Promoteurs immobiliers privés et problématiques de développement durable urbain." Phd thesis, Université du Maine, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00763235.
Kebe, Seydina Ibrahima. "Synthèse de matériaux monolithiques pour la séparation et la catalyse en phase liquide : problématiques environnementales et du développement durable." Thesis, Paris Est, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PESC1127/document.
Polymeric materials have gained immense popularity with the golden age of petroleum and they still today meet with great success through Green polymer chemistry approaches and numerous high added value dedicated application in scientific domains such as analytical chemistry, medicine, space investigations, where one of the key for success is the design of miniaturized objects. In this contribution, micro-sized monolithic materials have been designed though either in microchannel immobilization (I.D. = 75 µm) or surface attachment on glass substrates (hundredths of microns in thickness). Polymers exhibiting monolithic morphology were considered to benefit of high permeability, mechanical and thermal resistances which are mandatory to flow chemistry applications. With the aim to control the interfacial interaction ability, a generic monolith having N-hydroxysuccinimide ester groups was used and on purpose functionalized. Molecular segments acting as selector – for electrochromatographic applications – of metal nanoparticles ligands – for supported catalysis applications – have been immobilized on the monolith surface via classical (nucleophilic substitution) or original (photo-induced thiol-ene click) grafting reactions.The so-designed materials were characterized through spectroscopic, microscopic, diffraction, thermogravimetric methods providing insight into correlation between the observed separation and catalytic abilities and the interfacial structure of the monolith. As representative examples of application, one may cite the electrochromatographic separation of toxic molecules such as organic pollutants (phenols, anilines, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, polychlorobiphenyls), preservatives in cosmetics (parabens) and biomarkers (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, pyrimidic bases). The analyses were conducted on model solutions and complex matrices (cosmetics, extraterrestrial analog samples). Flow catalytic reaction meant for the reduction of nitroarenes, the oxidation of aromatic alcohol, the carbon-carbon coupling and the sensitive detection of pesticides and synthesis intermediates (para-nitrophenol) have been achieved
Li, Hang. "Utilisation de matériaux bois intelligents pour la gestion durable des infrastructures." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU30288/document.
For fifteen years, we restart to construct with wood, and particularly with glulam to respond to the new challenges imposed by the issues of sustainable development. However, degradation issues related to moisture content (MC) or wetting/drying cycles limit the development of timber structures. As a result, the MC monitoring in timber structures becomes a critical issue. Today, several solutions exist but they do not allow a local monitoring in the lamellas of glulam. Such a solution would improve the prediction of the service life of timber structures. In the light of this observation, we proposed to transform glulam into "smart material" by embedding a MC monitoring system in the lamellas, and this, considering the major constraints of fabrication of this material (small glue line thickness, important bonding pressure, etc.). To achieve this, we have conducted a bibliographic research, in order to select the monitoring methods which can satisfy these constraints. According to this research, two technologies turn out to be interesting: the electrical measurements and the ultrasonic measurements. Several measurement configurations were proposed and tested in this PhD work. Thereafter, we conducted preliminary tests to make sure of the good functionality of these measurement configurations, and also to verify the behavior of sensors throughout the glulam fabrication process. Afterwards, we moistened the specimens with two different moistening protocols in order to verify the feasibility of MC monitoring with embedded sensors. Results showed that all the measurement configurations are operational for the MC monitoring in glulam specimens. Moreover, for electrical measurements, our results show that we can adopt almost the same calibration models for the MC monitoring by resistive measurements, no matter the type of sensors used. Furthermore, it is possible to obtain complementary information by the realization of the resistive and capacitive measurements at the same time, using surface electrodes. Regarding the ultrasonic measurements, we have obtained the sensibility curves in frequency of several families of piezoelectric film sensors. On the other hand, the influence of bonding pressure and of sensor distance on the electrical/ultrasonic measurements was also investigated in this study. Future studies will consist in using these measurement configurations to perform in situ monitoring in timber structures, and also to establish a link between the durability of glulam structures and the wetting/drying cycles in order to predict the service life of timber structures
Junes, Angel. "Approche théorico-expérimentale du comportement de panneaux sandwichs à parements composites textile-mortier dans le cadre de la construction durable." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO10127.
This work fits in the context of the structural design under new sustainable development, health and safety criteria through material recovery to reduced environmental damage and promoting energy savings. This thesis focuses on the theoretical and experimental study of sandwich panels taking advantage of new generation textile - cement matrix composites: TRC ( Textile Reinforced Concrete). It is specifically the establishment of an analytical-numerical approach to predict the behavior of sandwich panels incorporating material non-linear behavior and compatible with different and complex loading combinations. Based on an experimental campaign both at the material and structure level, it was possible to validate the model by several criteria such as the ability approximate the global behavior (load deflection) but also the ability to reproduce the local deformations and failure modes. Finally, based on the experimental identification of the mechanical properties of aged sandwich panel components, by an accelerated aging procedure, simulations were made based on the previously validated model to assess the impact on the behavior and damage mechanisms of the studied structural element. It was possible to demonstrate the probability of the failure mode change accompanied with significant losses of the global properties such as the initial stiffness and bearing and deflection capacity. These results will be eventually subject of validation on natural-aged panels but are likely to inform the design approach
Shakouri, Reza. "Habitat résidentiel durable en Iran : savoirs-faire traditionnels et les technologies nouvelles à Yazd." Grenoble 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008GRE29013.
To catch up with the development, should continue an economic growth model or change turn towards a new sustainable model of development? How this global question should be addressed in the Iranian society? The main research's aim is to provide a base of knowledge, which enable to instruct the steps of a project on reliable sources of knowledge and information, concerning in particular of these two models of development in the residential sector. After a general study on the sustainable model development, this research concentrates on the architectural scale of technical expertise in the construction of the houses. The desert city of Yazd, with a valuable built heritage, provides our corpus of research. The contemporary and traditional habitat was studied with the emphasis on the relationship between habitat and the society of Yazd. After deducting 30 criteria for "the sustainability of the application of materials in a building", our discussion focuses on the strategic choices in terms of construction materials. That makes our central hypothesis of research and constitutes the principal subject of our social-technical survey in Yazd. Our study expands its focus even beyond Yazd to learn experiments followed through similar contexts in Algeria, Egypt, India, Morocco and Arizona. Finally, the research presents five criteria for a sustainable habitat
Fouossong, nguetoum Laetitia. "Stratégie d’entreprise et partenariats innovants pour le développement durable : un guide pour la construction d’une stratégie d’entreprise responsable." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLV071/document.
An increasing number of organizations want to commit fully to a more sustainable practice of business, and attempt to profoundly change the way they operate. For those, it is the assumption of the work that the whole society has a duty to implement measures, attitudes and initiatives that will foster the change of behavior and practice. While people steeply increase their demand for responsible practice and governments draw boundaries within which to operate, this work contributes to fulfilling the academia’s duty, by offering guidance to organizations on how to move out of business – as - usual to create and appropriate a corporate strategy that integrates sustainability considerations. For the purpose, it investigates how organizations can effectively integrate sustainability considerations into their inner corporate strategy, and identifies new resources, processes and incentives that can foster the change towards a more responsible practice of business
Fouossong, nguetoum Laetitia. "Stratégie d’entreprise et partenariats innovants pour le développement durable : un guide pour la construction d’une stratégie d’entreprise responsable." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLV071.
An increasing number of organizations want to commit fully to a more sustainable practice of business, and attempt to profoundly change the way they operate. For those, it is the assumption of the work that the whole society has a duty to implement measures, attitudes and initiatives that will foster the change of behavior and practice. While people steeply increase their demand for responsible practice and governments draw boundaries within which to operate, this work contributes to fulfilling the academia’s duty, by offering guidance to organizations on how to move out of business – as - usual to create and appropriate a corporate strategy that integrates sustainability considerations. For the purpose, it investigates how organizations can effectively integrate sustainability considerations into their inner corporate strategy, and identifies new resources, processes and incentives that can foster the change towards a more responsible practice of business
Zmamou, Hafida. "Eco-conception de nouveaux agromatériaux à partir de cendre de chaudière biomasse. Relation structures-propriétés." Rouen, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ROUES055.
Valorizing the industrial by-products int alternative materials for road engineering according to SETRA recommendations is a major scientific challenge for the environment and the circular economy. The Wastepaper Sludge Ash (WSA) is a waste material that comes from the recycled paper industry. Previous studies showed that they have hydraulic and/or pouzzolanic properties. These by-products being available in large quantities at attractive cost are an asset for material valorization. To use alternative materials is in perfect adequacy with the fact of valorizing WSA in road engineering. As binders, WSA having a low impact in terms of carbon print compared to usual hydraulic binders. This research work was undertaken to valorize as eco-materials, important volumes of WSA. Two application fields were selected. They consern the implementation of an innovative road material for road engineering and territorial management, and the eco-design of agromaterials for construction. This work proposes two experimental approaches : (1) on optimization of the matrix based on WSA and mineral additives and (ii) addition of natural aggregates for making eco-agromaterials. The natural aggregates are renewabke resources obtained from agriculture. These chosen aggregates are local resources, using local handcraft, and mobilizing the local expertise for short circuit of material valorization. The study contains four parts : (1) formulations and implementation of eco-materials, (2) analysis of their mechanical behavior, their durability and long-term behavior, (3) a study of environmental behavior and (4) a microstructural analysis of eco-materials. The WSA treatment with water and mineral additives decreases considerably their environmental impact. The correlation between these parameters allowed obtaining an eco-material (A) and eco-agromaterial (AG) potentially recoverable in road engineering. The practice takes into account the change of scale i. E. Transition from the laboratory scale to the pilot scale, this aspect was studied. On one hand a reduced road platform and two pedestrian pathways constituting the test on site for validation have been performed. On the other hand, series of materials, i. E. Pavements, bricks and concrete blocks were made. It was possible to conclude that a mixture composed with 95% WSA + 5% cement or 95 % WSA + 5% cement + 2% hemp shives gives the best promising mixes for these two applications
Methot, Jean-Christian. "Développement structural d'une remorque ultralégère en aluminium." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25854/25854.pdf.
Youssef, Nicolas. "Mise en place d’une brique géopolymère pour la construction durable : études géotechnique, environnementale et économique." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Lille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019ECLI0005.
After the economic crisis in 2008, construction activity in France grew rapidly. The increase in demand for building materials was accompanied by an increase in the quantities of construction waste and emitted CO2. In 2018, CO2 emissions from human activities reached a world historic level of 37.1 billion tons. This encourages the development of building materials that meet the changing needs of today's and tomorrow's society. Geopolymers, prepared by alkaline activation, present an opportunity to produce new, more efficient and environment-friendly materials in the construction sector. On the other hand, industrialization and robotization are emerging in the construction sector, with many benefits such as increased productivity, reduced waste, cost and arduous work, as well as improved quality and safety.This doctoral thesis is being conducted to address these scientific challenges and issues. These are divided into three research directions: the development of new geopolymer brick formulations, the integration of geopolymer materials into the industrialization and robotization of construction processes, and finally the environmental and economic assessment of the new automated manufacturing system
Nabirire, Musa. "L'actualité de l'héritage philosophique de Kant dans la construction d'une paix durable pour le développement de l'Afrique des Grands Lacs." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013STRAK012.
The pacification of the African Great Lakes plagued by violence during these last two decades is the ultimate goal of this thesis. After the failure of several initiatives to end violence in the region, our concern was to look in the Kantism a new reason to hope. Thus, this work attempts to show how the philosophical legacy of Kant can contribute to peace and development in Rwanda, Burundi and the Democratic Republic of Congo, three countries of the region ravaged by wars. Our approach has been to consider the moral and political thought of Kant in which we found the foundations of this theory of peace developed in the context of wars in Europe. The discussion of its receipt and the rise of nationalism stigmatizing the Kantian cosmopolitanism, has led us to establish a connection between the promotion by the Nazi regime of the aryan race supposed to be superior than others and considered as a model of the social organization, with the spread of similar prejudices by the colonial administration in the African Great Lakes applicant Tutsi supremacy "created to rule " the Hutu and Twa, simple doomed to slavery negroes. Exploited by politicians anxious to gain power, this "racist judgment," unfounded, will be one of the causes of the genocidal massacre in which will be engulfed Rwanda and Burundi before extending its effects on the Congo, where conflicts will take an economic dimension and involve a number of African countries and other non-African actors. However, capitalizing the reemergence of cosmopolitanism recovery by the founders of the League of Nations and those of the UN, we have stressed the relevance of cooperation and articulation of differences as a precondition for lasting peace. With Ricœur and Arendt, two post-Kantians, we launched the foundation for reconciliation in the three countries, referring to the Franco-German and South African experience. We stressed the importance of the reform of the UN institutions and states of the region so that through the republicanism the state of law should be promoted. The hospitality expressed by cosmopolitanism and international trade in the kantian thought, would result states’ cooperation and the gathering of regional organizations in an economic and monetary union which would lay the foundation of a federation of African states and ensure a lasting peace on the continent and in the Great Lakes region
Gnanho, Thierry Cohovi. "Les implications de la construction de l'Etat de droit au bénin et leur influence sur le processus du développement durable." Nice, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000NICE0054.
El, Maiss Janwa. "Conception des matériaux à faible énergie de surface : une nouvelle étape pour la production durable." Thesis, Nice, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015NICE4073.
Two types of Low surface energy materials LSEMs can be recognized; those which are firstly applied on solid surfaces to elaborate superhydro/oleophobic surfaces that are micro and nano structured, and secondly at the water/air interface to synthesize new ecofriendly surfactants. LSEMs are essentially made from fluorinated compounds due to their unique properties of being both hydro and oleophobic as well as, their thermal and chemical stability in corrosive media. This project shows that the creation of superhydrophobic materials with high oleophobic properties does not necessarily require the utilization of long and bioaccumulative perfluorocarbon chains. Two approaches were adopted in this field. The first strategy was to develop ProDOT derivatives bearing short fluorinated chains to study the influence of the fluorinated chain length on the surface wettability. The proceeding part was to explore the effect of the introduction of a hydrocarbon tail and study the effect of their type and chain length on the surface properties. Another important aspect of this research involves the application of LSEMs on soft materials like surfactants as alternatives to toxic perfluorinated homologues. This study was done to explore the effect of the variant hydrocarbon chains with a short fluorinated tail of hybrid surfactants as well as the effect of the polar head. In this area, two families of hybrid sulfate and bisulfates were synthesized. Their physico-chemical properties were investigated and interesting results were obtained
Nicolle, Jérôme. "Développement d'une méthodologie d'analyse de composés organiques volatils en traces pour la qualification de matériaux de construction." Phd thesis, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00401405.
Nicolle, Jérôme. "Développement d’une méthodologie d’analyse de composés organiques volatils en traces pour la qualification de matériaux de construction." Pau, 2009. https://theses.hal.science/index.php?halsid=q0ep6b0frblf1gervo0lpeqb42&view_this_doc=tel-00401405&version=1.
Nowadays, indoor air quality is considered as a public health concern, as demonstrated by the legislation proposal of concentrations guidelines for pollutants such as volatile organic compounds (VOC). Thus, according to the French Agency for Environmental and Occupational Health Safety (AFSSET) recommendations, measurements of VOCs emitted by building materials and sampling strategies were standardized. However, these laboratory-based methods are less suitable to on-site measurements. The VOCs sources identification, necessary to indoor air quality diagnosis, needs rapid and simple sampling tools. An alternative, based on the coupling of an emission cell (FLEC) with a passive sampling strategy using SPME (solid phase microextraction) was considered. This methodology was developed using standard gas of model VOCs (hydrocarbons, terpenese, oxygenated compounds, …) and reached detection limits in the order of μg. M-3 (GC-MS) and quantification limits (GC-FID) around 10 mg. M-3. The analytical performances of this method allowed its application to different building materials (carpet, wood panel and PVC), demonstrating its ability to perform rapid screenings of the emitted VOCs and to determine 96 % of the compounds listed in the AFSSET protocol. Finally, as an example, a whole building was studied, illustrating the feasibility to use the FLEC-SPME system on-site to characterize the major sources of VOCs from building materials
Tran, Van Huong. "Optimisations mécaniques des constructions en matériaux locaux." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Vaulx-en-Velin, École nationale des travaux publics de l’État, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ENTP0014.
Local materials used in civil engineering are directly available on construction site or close places. Among these materials, we studied soil, the rubble stone masonry (stone masonry associated with clay mortar or lime mortar), and the pudding concrete. New constructions using local materials are promising to compete with conventional materials, due to their low embodied energy and reduction of waste. However, until now, these constructions remain limited in the world and particularly in France, due to difficulties of implementation: low strength, lack of design rules and implementation guide. Therefore, the general objective of this thesis is to facilitate the use of local material to build the sustainable constructions. So, study in material and structural scales has been done on this type of construction. At the scale of the material, the mechanical behavior of the local materials has been studied by determining their mechanical properties by laboratory tests. An optimization procedure for the composition of the materials according to their strength has also been proposed for earthen materials (compacted earth, mixed earth and concrete of pudding). At the structural scale, mechanical and dynamical behaviors of constructions using local materials have been studied on some structures. Firstly, the mechanical behavior of a new stone masonry bridge was studied by measuring its displacements at the stage of the formwork removal. The singular profile of the displacements field with a singularity for voussoirs very close to the keystone was found. A 2D numerical analysis of the formwork removal using DEM was proposed to provide better insight on mechanisms that took place on site. The reduction of the extent of the contact zone between the voussoirs enabled finding the peculiar displacement field observed on-site. Secondly, the dynamic behavior of an old rubble stone masonry building was studied by determining its dynamic characteristics using in-situ measurements of background noise. Then, a 3D numerical model using FEM was validated by comparing with experimental results. Seismic vulnerability of the building was also estimated by a simulation of the seismic actions in this model according to EC8. Thirdly, an optimization procedure for the arch shape was proposed in the case of concrete of pudding stone house. The principle of justification of the stability using the yield design analysis was also discussed
St-Jean, Mathieu. "Développement d'un matériau photocatalytique pour l'oxydation de méthanol dans l'eau." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26843.
Jin, Yanya. "Development of materials criticality profiling methodology at product level." Thesis, Troyes, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TROY0004/document.
Rare earth crisis in 2010 showed the importance of some materials and whipped up interest in the research on material criticality. A review work was first conducted in order to get a better understanding of the existing work in this research area and to see where more work is needed. Based on this review, three research gaps were identified (lack of a comprehensive diagnosis of criticality; lack of evaluation methodology at the product level; lack of links between the mechanism of criticality, the evaluation methodology and the solutions offered. This thesis focuses on the two first research gaps and offers several ideas for the last one. Regarding diagnosis of criticality, the mechanism is illustrated under four dimensions: imbalance between supply and demand, importance of the material to product, supply accessibility and dynamic factors. A definition of criticality is also put forward. Considering the established mechanism as research core, a methodology to evaluate the criticality of materials at the product level has been developed and is completed with a concrete and quantitative model. The methodology offers guidance on how to assess criticality and sets a framework for evaluation. The model illustrates a way to use this methodology through a tool that assigns a ‘criticality score’ to materials and shows how the score is contributed. The calculations were automated in Excel. Two applications, one for permanent magnet and the other for light emitting diode, were conducted to demonstrate and improve the methodology and the model
Derbal, Radhouan. "Développement d'une méthode inverse de caractérisation thermique : application à l'estimation des propriétés thermophysiques et hydriques des matériaux de construction." Thesis, Artois, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ARTO0204/document.
The purpose of the actual work is to thermally characterize opaque solid building materials (PVC, EPS, Plaster and Concrete). First tests in laboratory tend next to be in situ conditions (sand, aerated concrete wall) where thermophysical properties and moisture content interactions are highlighted. It is based on conductive heat transfer numerical (finite difference method) and experimental study. The proposed approach aims to place thermocouples in a multilayer thickness in the heat transfer direction. They allow temperature measurement at different nodes of the material. The temperatures are incorporated in an inverse heat transfer process to estimate characteristics at each layer. The tested materials could be submitted to either artificial thermal excitation or natural excitation in the case of building wall for example. Progressive complexity of the studied cases is considered. In fact, the first studied cases concerns homogenous inert materials which the quasi constant thermophysical properties were estimated. Then, materials with variable characteristics were considered for a long term thermophysical properties and moisture content monitoring
Tolszczuk-Leclerc, Zoé. "De la conception à la préfabrication numérique 3D : pour le développement d'une architecture écoresponsable en bois à géométrie complexe." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/29637.
While the principles of sustainable development, building ecology and energy efficiency are becoming ever more important in architectural design, the CLT, by its intrinsic characteristics, is an ideal building material for eco-responsible architecture. However, CLT buildings aspiring to provide good energy performance are generally constrained by design guidelines and rules, which does not encourage formal experiments that would explore alternative passive strategies based on the shape of the building.The purpose of the dissertation is to demonstrate that an integrated design approach combined with the precision and diversity of the elements of digital fabrication now allows architects to integrate complex shapes and spaces into CLT building design. Through a research-creation process, the research project demonstrates that it is possible to carry out formal explorations while validating the structural composition and generating the assembly details of the structure. The use of a single work interface, namely 3D parametric software, simplifies the work of the designer. This software makes it easy to share the model among the various professionals associated with the project and, in addition, it generates the cutting files for CNC machine tools, which contributes to a more efficient realization.
Goure, Doubi Bi Irié Hervé. "Etude de la consolidation des matériaux "géomimétiques" à base d'argile latéritique : effet des acides et des phases ferriques." Limoges, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LIMO4014.
A new type of products called "geomimetic" materials, which are likely "eco-sustainable" materials, were developed on the basis of the natural process occurring with lateritic concretions, which are mechanically strong, in tropical soils. The aim in this thesis is to conduct fine physical and chemical investigations in order to understand the processes that control the consolidation of these "geomimetic" materials. The implementation of an experimental strategy, on the role of ferric phases and on the influence of acidic reagents (organic and inorganic) together with that of two alkaline reagents (lime and sodium hydroxide), allowed identifying two major contributions that govern this strengthning. The mechanisms of consolidation of these "geomimetic" materials are made by the combined actions of pozzolanic reactions and of complexation phenomena of mineral phases by the functional groups of humic substances. The study of the thermal conductivity showed that materials, with a thermal conductivity of 0,19 W. M-1. K-1, have good thermal insulation properties
Maetz, Xavier. "Développement et caractérisation expérimentale en microgravité de structures auto-déployables de réflecteurs paraboliques pour applications spatiales." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Montpellier (2022-....), 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022UMONS084.
The miniaturization of satellites represents a significant technological challenge for access to space by reducing costs and development times. The considerable increase in nanosatellite launches is a proof of their interest in multiple applications. Reflective parabolic antennas are widely used for telecommunication, earth observation, navigation and science (deep space exploration) applications. It is the most used solution for satellite antennas that need high gain, because they have good performance and can support any polarization. In general, the diameter of a fixed geometry antenna will depend on the size and layout capability of the satellite platform. But when a fixed geometry antenna is not possible, then a deployable architecture is considered. With small satellites like MicroSats and CubeSats, a satellite parabolic antenna must be a deployable structure. This thesis carried out at the Laboratory of Mechanics and Civil Engineering (LMGC) in Montpellier, co-financed by the National Center for Space Studies (CNES) and the Occitanie region, is part of the collaboration between the mechanism department of CNES and the innovative structure part of the SIGECO team of the LMGC. The objective is to propose a concept of structure for self-deployable reflectors on the scale of CubeSats. These structures are folded to obtain a compact stacked configuration during launch, and have good mechanical strength in the deployed configuration. The passage between the two configurations is carried out only by the release of elastic energy stored in the joints, without any external energy input. In order to ensure the reliable and precise deployment of the mechanisms, it is necessary to be able to understand and model the behavior of the structures. The proposed approach combines modeling, design, prototyping and experimental characterization. The work of this thesis led to the fabrication and integration of two EM (Engineering Model) prototypes. In order to validate the model of these reflectors, the prototypes were deployed and tested in a microgravity environment, during a campaign of 3 parabolic flights
Ratiarisoa, Lisa Barbara. "Etude de matériaux naturels 2D : Potentialités d'utilisation comme renfort de matériaux composites." Thesis, Antilles, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019ANTI0393.
Facing the worldwide environmental, social and economic crisis awareness, the possibility ofreinforcing composites by a lignocellulosic textile reinforcement, the coconut leaf sheaths fromCocos nucifera L. was assessed in this work. The exploratory phase of sheaths characterizationhas shown that this resource forms a two-way textile made up of cellulose mostly. In contrast toclassic vegetable reinforcements, it is less hygroscopic, lighter with best tensile mechanicalproperties in preferential fibers directions. About the experimental campaign on the treatmentseffect, xylanase and laccase treated sheaths show a slight surface chemical change. Pyrolysedfibers are more hydrophobic but less resistant translating a damaging of them. Lime treatedsheaths show a higher thermal stability. Thus, raw sheaths were retained to reinforceparticleboards, the temperature of panels manufacture being lower than the start degradationtemperature of the raw sheaths. The two-faces panel covered with raw sheaths top part forms themost promising candidate to develop thermal eco-insulator. Some of its mechanical and physicalproperties fulfill american and european standards. Its thermal properties are similar to the onesnoticed in the bibliography for low density lignocellulosic particleboards
Yang, Geon-Seok. "Les enjeux de la construction des voies ferrées rapides : de l'expérience française et européenne, au développement du KTX coréen." Paris 7, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA070022.
Our study analyzes the influence of the construction of the High Speed Railways on the strategic direction of the plans and policies of town and country planning in France, in Europe, and in South Korea. There are many economic urban areas which are modified by their position in the territorial hierarchy according to the condition of their connection with the High Speed Railway network. First of all, concentration is the most important effect produced by the construction of these networks (TGV, KTX). Second, it is shown how the development of a network System concentrated in the areas of Paris and Seoul had the effect of an intensifying factor regarding accessibilities to the metropolitan zones. This System has nevertheless created the risk of an increasing territorial imbalance, in France as well as in South Korea. Third, the zones of economic activity located around the new high speed railway stations appear to have contributed to the passage from a mono-polarized organization to a multi-polarized one. Lastly, the integration of the high speed railway System increased the concentration of the economic activity in European metropolitan zones, each one of these zones trying to develop a more competitive space for ascending in the global urban hierarchical System. In conclusion, in spite of the great differences in the national contexts, an important rate of correspondences between the studied cases could be noted regarding strategic concepts and arguments
Bouatia, Eloumami Souhail. "Développement de matériaux électriquement conducteurs pour les plaques bipolaires de piles à combustibles à membrane échangeuse de protons, PEMFC." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25545/25545.pdf.
Araujo, Maria Cristina. "La politique de l'eau et la construction d'une rationalité socio-environnementale : le cas du bassin du Rio Preto, District fédéral, Brésil." Paris 7, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA070009.
This thesis consists 0f a case study about the Rio preto watershed in the federal district, brazil. It presents an analysis of the implementation 0f the brazilian water policies and its relation to the environment and, with the new policies, tries to identify if there is a new perception about the environment by brazilian public managers and water users. Taking into consideration the case of the Rio preto watershed in the federal district, brazil, the thesis discussed the concepts of sustainable water management, governance and the watershed as the management unit. The research focussed on the Implementation of the water policy and tried to understand the Main context for the conservation 0f environmental conditions for the protection 0f water ressources in the rio preto watershed, federal district, brazil. The research also carried out a study 0f the occupation of the rio preto watershed, by means of a multi-temporal analysis of land use change covering the period from 1973 to 2008. The relation between water consumption by irrigation systems for agriculture production and the reduction of natural vegetation areas was also identified. Participative governance was also studied, taking into consideration the social differences between groups of water users in brazil. Finally, this work puts in evidence the insufficiencies of the instruments implemented as a result of the water policies in the case of the Rio preto watershed, federal district, brazil
Cere, Arnaud. "L'influence du développement durable sur la gestion des risques dans l'entreprise : un cas dans le BTP." Thesis, Lyon 3, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LYO30058.
The aim of this thesis is to analyse the influence of sustainable development on risk management within a company, regarding the social responsibility of the latter. The rich literature about this topic establishes a distinction between the utilitarian and the deontological conception that can complete each other to know better about the risk management linked to the CSR. The analysis in the literature has then focused on the determinants of the modern risk management and the importance of the coordination in the reliability of companies. In this perspective, a particular attention has been paid to Weick’s work, highlighting thus the notion of culture and the interrelations between people as determinatives of reliability. The thoughts on the economy of conventions enables to see sustainable development as a transformation of the constituent conventions of the company, the representations of its employees, and not only the rules of the company, operating at the level of the sphere of actions.This leads to the consider the theory of the social representations (Moscovici, Vergès...) in an instrumental way, and to associate it the economies of worth of Boltanski and Thévenot, with the aim to make understandable the ways that enables to go beyond the conflicts of interests that define a common good and enable to establish stable modalities of coordination.We have chosen for the study a company of the CPW field. This is a subsidiary company of a French group, located in the three following regions: Aquitaine, Midi-Pyrénées and Languedoc-Roussillon. At the time of the study, around 3600 persons were working in it.Our empirical research approach is based on a method combining qualitative and quantitative approaches in order to strengthen the validity of the research. An analysis of the social representations has been led through a questionnaire and face to face interviews with members of the workforce. This work offers an original interpretative framework of the contribution of a sustainable development strategy to the control of risks, beyond the implementation of classical management systems.Our work contributes to the analysis of means that can ease conflicts and that can be brought by the sustainable development regarding the social risk management. We highlight understandable elements of the influence of the integration of sustainable development on the coordination of people facing risks
Benkhaled, Maroua. "Modélisation théorique et expérimentale du comportement énergétique et environnemental des matériaux de construction biosourcés." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020CLFAC053.
Facing the energy problems of the building and the environmental impact, hygroscopic envelopes constitute a very interesting alternative to improve the thermal comfort, the quality of the indoor air, the regulation of the indoor humidity and to reduce the energy consumption. This thesis work aims to study the coupled heat and mass transfers within porous materials such as hemp concrete. The aim is to predict the hygrothermal behaviour of these materials, through a macroscopic model, based on transfer motors; temperature for heat transfer, water vapour pressure for moisture transfer and pressure for air transfer. The difficulty of using this model lies in the identification of the numerous parameters characterizing the hygrothermal properties of the materials. Part of the work has been devoted to the evaluation of the main intrinsic properties of the materials through the elaboration of different experimental prototypes in the laboratory within the framework of an investigation recommended by the RILEM TC-275 HDB committee. Moreover, the variability of the parameters resulting from this last campaign as well as the lack of knowledge of the remaining parameters lead us to a sensitivity analysis of the parameters. This study allowed to identify the most influential parameters on the hygrothermal response of a hemp concrete wall. On this basis, a scale model was deduced according to these last parameters (thermal conductivity, thermal capacity, vapour permeability and storage capacity). This work was implemented using discretization by the finite element method implemented in a Matlab code. Subsequently, an adimensional study was undertaken, which identified the most important parameters in the prediction of the hygrothermal behaviour of a hemp concrete wall. The parameters remaining from this sensitivity study are a determining factor in the distinction between materials that are both thermal insulators and water vapour permeable (water regulators). Finally, a comparison of the results of the reduced model with those of the literature is presented. This comparison highlighted the influence of the sorption isotherm on the hygrothermal behaviour of a hemp concrete wall
Joubert, Jérémie. "Logiques d’action collective et agencement des dynamiques territoriales dans les démarches d’écologie industrielle et territoriale." Thesis, Troyes, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TROY0029.
Sustainable development calls for a technical and a cultural transition of the contemporary industrial society. How some collective actions, called industrial ecology projects, can make evolve in the same time conventional social concepts and current production and consumption practices? This problem is addressed from the perspective of the study of logics of collective actions, which means from the perspective of institutionalized motives and norms used as references in the social coordination process. To answer to this problem, we conducted a “dialogical” inquiry, in contact with practitioners (professionals) of the ecological building industry. The first part of the thesis is about the social concept of the industrial policy and the territorial policy of the French state. We show what are the transformation dynamics of the logics of action in these two areas. In a second part, the inquiry focusses on the study of "innovative" projects, which goal is to reorganize the building industry. We seek to understand how this sort of collective action can stimulate the emergence of new innovative practices, highlighted from both an industrial and an ecological point of view, while organizing in the same time dedicated local communities. We propose a model of the articulation between the industrial and the territorial logics of action as well as a model of the discursive governance of innovative projects
Delfy, Aladin. "paramètres et dispositifs dans la construction de l'habitat durable : le cas de l'écoquartier de Bonne à Grenoble." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAG042.
Our research addresses the general issue of urban development and how to design sustainable cities through architecture and town planning. Our analysis focused on a study of caserne de Bonne, an ecodistrict located in Grenoble, which is an emblematic city from an ecological viewpoint. Our task was to significantly reduce CO2 gas emissions, limit the greenhouse effect, and preserve biodiversity. We developed our hypothesis to devise satisfactory solutions to fight pollution, reduce the use of fossil fuels, and create innovative ways to employ renewable energy. Our program will start locally, then expand on a regional and national level. We observed that in residential districts, remedies such as reducing transportation generated pollution, conserving energy, treating household waste, and other parameters,can be scaled up and implemented regionally and nationally. As architect and urban planner, we wanted to contribute to this field by providing an analysis of Bonne ecodistrict
Benfredj, Daniel. "L'eau dans les politiques d'aménagement et dans la construction territoriale en Isräel (1880-2000)." Thesis, Reims, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012REIML006/document.
The issue about water and territory is the heart of the present problem in this country. How has water shaped the development policies in Israël? How has it become a decisive factor of regional development and peace? As the essential cause of territory and regional development in this country, water will be a determining peace factor in all the area. It seemed to me interesting to analyze this question as it explains the present resources situation, which means a more and more integrated and sustainable management of the Jordan water, with its numerous implications both for Israël and for its neighbors. Moreover, a diachronic analysis of the resource management is liable to relate the israelian territory political development evolution. On this account, the analysis of Beth Shean valley and of the Harod stream, an affluent of Jordan River right bank, gives an example of the territory development evolution and of water control. We should point out the question about the validity of the management of resource in this example and wonder whether it has allowed a harmonious and lasting development of the area. This example was very close to the model of national territory development in Israël and it corresponded fits the aim for the building of a new state and total resource management. What happens to this type of management today? Can it cope with the needs of an ever-growing population? Isn't necessary to envisage a sustainable management of the resources to meet with the needs of all and generate peace and freedom for the people in this area?
Ouedraogo, Kouka Amed Jérémy. "Stabilisation de matériaux de construction durables et écologiques à base de terre crue par des liants organiques et/ou minéraux à faibles impacts environnementaux." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOU30199.
In the climate change mitigation context, unfired earth materials are a valuable alternative to cement concrete for reducing the construction sector related CO2 emission. However, this millenary construction material still has to meet current standards on mechanical and water resistance requirements. Hence, most industrial applications and papers on unfired earth stabilization use cement and lime for the stabilization of earth. But (Van Damme et al., 2017) pointed out the fact the high embodied energy of mineral binders and the high amount used for earth stabilization lead to doubt about the environmental friendliness of those solutions given their low improvement of the mechanical strengths. Yet, ancient earthen buildings and vernacular construction techniques in the worldwide showed the stabilization potential of some biopolymers. The so-called organic binders are food industry byproducts, which use for ancient earthen building renovation and vernacular techniques are recently revealed in some studies. Our study aims to propose a stabilization of earth for modern buildings with a good compromise between mechanical and water resistance performance on the one hand, and environmental impact on the other hand. A discussion on the relevance of proposing unfired earth bricks stabilized with cement and hydrated lime as an alternative to hollow concrete blocks led to limit the binder's content to 4% wt. of the dry soil. Preliminary tests on nine biopolymers have identified a few promising organic binders upstream, including ovalbumin (egg white protein), which does not require pre-activation. Thus, this organic binder as well as Portland cement and hydrated lime were used at 0, 2, and 4% to stabilize two soils (B and N) from the Occitanie region with different mineralogical characteristics. The results on compressive strength showed that the curing is necessary to guarantee the effectiveness of the mineral binders. In addition, the increase in manufacturing dry density at least equal to that of unstabilized soils' ones considerably improves the effectiveness of the stabilization. The improvement in dry compressive strength is greater on soil B, which is mainly composed of kaolinite, than on soil N, which is composed of montmorillonite and chlorite. However, on water resistance (wet compressive strength), it is the soil N that is better. Overall the formulations, those with 4% cement and ovalbumin at a manufacturing density equal to that of the soils alone, comply with the minimum resistance criteria both in the dry and wet state given in the French standard (XP P 13-901, 2001) standard. The surprise of this study is that ovalbumin gives much better mechanical performances and better durability (water resistance) than cement and lime for the same contents. In terms of hygrothermal performance, we have observed that the addition of binders reduces the hygroscopic capacities of soils. But they remain good according to the Nordtest criterion up to 4% addition of binder. It's worth mentioning that ovalbumin reduces soil hygroscopy much more than other binders. The thermal conductivity measured on mixtures with densities equal to the density of soils alone does not change. This confirms the observations made in the literature about the correlation between the dry density of materials and their thermal conductivities. Classical mineralogical analysis techniques (XRD, IR spectroscopie, and TGA) were used in order to explain the mechanisms of the stabilizations. But they only highlighted the well-known mechamisms of the stabilization with mineral binders unlike the ones of ovalbumin for which further investigations are still required
Park, Jiyeon. "Aménagement du territoire, levier de développement durable : étude comparée des systèmes d'innovation français et sud-coréens dans le processus de métropolisation." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAG036.
The development of a Metropolis is very often associated with the construction of a vast territory, which limits it to the simple search for a pertinent perimeter or level. It implies, however, much more. The French intercommunality, that opens up to various forms of cooperation between different territorial entities, is an interesting approach in this respect. France is, indeed, often presented aborad as an example of cooperation and of decentralization, especially in countries with a strong centralizing tradition, such as South Korea. In this perspective, we will carry out comparative case studies mirroring the process of metropolisation in France and in South Korea. Our study seeks to illustrate how to structure the innovation system (IS) according to the co-construction scheme PAS, making it possible, among otherthings, to co-create an ecosystem of exchange, sharing and arbitration -and thus serving as a driving force and optimizing force in an urban system of specialization. Finally, our study aims at orienting spatial planning towards the integrated approach of sustainable development
Delfy, Aladin. "paramètres et dispositifs dans la construction de l'habitat durable : le cas de l'écoquartier de Bonne à Grenoble." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAG042.
Our research addresses the general issue of urban development and how to design sustainable cities through architecture and town planning. Our analysis focused on a study of caserne de Bonne, an ecodistrict located in Grenoble, which is an emblematic city from an ecological viewpoint. Our task was to significantly reduce CO2 gas emissions, limit the greenhouse effect, and preserve biodiversity. We developed our hypothesis to devise satisfactory solutions to fight pollution, reduce the use of fossil fuels, and create innovative ways to employ renewable energy. Our program will start locally, then expand on a regional and national level. We observed that in residential districts, remedies such as reducing transportation generated pollution, conserving energy, treating household waste, and other parameters,can be scaled up and implemented regionally and nationally. As architect and urban planner, we wanted to contribute to this field by providing an analysis of Bonne ecodistrict
Glogic, Edis. "Vers des matériaux énergétiques durables : élargissement de l'analyse du cycle de vie pour le développement de technologies émergentes et des choix économes en ressources." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2019. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-02869841.
Energy materials are particularly important from a sustainability perspective for advancing renewable energy systems, including energy production and storage. Their appropriate use and development require quantitative assessment methods. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is a method to support sustainable development that can be used to identify environmental hotspots and compare different technologies. The purpose of this research is to support development of several energy materials and make LCA a more relevant tool for sustainability assessment by extending its use in two emerging directions: assessment of technologies at the early stage of development, and by supporting more resource-effective choices for a circular economy.The research objectives focus on informing the development of technologies and identifying methodological challenges and opportunities by applying LCA to three energy-technology case studies, each at a different technological maturity level. In the first case study, alkaline batteries, currently at a high maturity level (incumbent products), are evaluated using LCA in combination with a circular economy indicator, the Material Circularity Indicator (MCI). The aim was to investigate opportunities to combine the two methods, while considering trade-offs between indicators for different strategies for battery design and management. In the second case study, nickel-cobalt hydroxide charge storage electrodes, currently at a low maturity level (laboratory-scale), are evaluated to investigate environmental hotspots and preferred synthesis route. In the third case study, organic photovoltaic portable chargers for small electronics, currently at a medium maturity level (pilot-scale), are evaluated for replacing conventional electricity grid for charging a mobile phone
Aouba, Laila. "Caractérisation et conception de nouveaux matériaux et produits à base de terre cuite et d'agro-ressources." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU30275.
This thesis is part of a collaborative project named " Bioclay ". The aim of this work is to develop new materials and products that are high performance while being fabricated by the most ecofriendly manufacturing process. The scope of " Bioclay " is to develop a high-performance fired clay brick through the incorporation of agricultural by-products. The development of innovative building materials has to comply with the legislations and requirements in "RT2012" concerning environmental impacts by reducing the energy consumption to 50 kWhEP/m²/year through the building component. The goal of this project is to predict the hygrothermal and mechanical behavior of bio-based fired clay bricks by means of numerical simulations involving models corresponding to our materials. First of all, fired clay specimens are made at the laboratory scale, through the same process used for industrial bricks, and tested at various parameters in order to develop hygrothermal and mechanical numerical models based on the results. Furthermore, a battery of tests and experimental iterations (e.g., nature and grain size of agricultural by-products, water and sand quantity...) were carried out on bio-based samples to predict thermal and mechanical resistances of the new commercial bricks. Additionally, numerous simulations were conducted with varying thermal conductivity of solid phase and bricks geometries to provide large application ranges while highlighting the effects of " Bioclay " formulations. Moreover, this work has provided several physical and geometrical configurations for the end product, allowing the manufacturer to choose the most appropriate response for their design requirements
El, moustapha Bouha. "Formulation et étude d’un géopolymère accumulateur d’énergie thermique dans le cadre de l’éco-construction des bâtiments." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, HESAM, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023HESAE001.
The incorporation of microcapsulated phase change materials (MPCM) into cement-based materials or geopolymers is one of the effective technologies to meet the final energy demand. However, due to the high rate of environmental impacts associated with cement manufacturing, the use of geopolymers has attracted great interest from researchers due to their low environmental impact and superior mechanical and durability properties compared to clinker-based materials.On the other hand, the incorporation of MPCM in geopolymers induces negative effects on their mechanical and thermal performances, the use of the latter still requires in-depth investigations on their durability indicators (chloride diffuvisivity, porosity, permeability etc.). This thesis work is perfectly in line with this problematic, and deals with the effect of the combination of NASH (sodium alumina silicate hydrate) and CASH (calcium alumina silicate hydrate) gel to overcome the negative effects of MPCM incorporation on the performance of geopolymers based on blast furnace slag. To achieve this objective, twelve mortars were studied (three cement-based and nine geopolymer-based) by varying the percentage of metakaolin addition (0%, 10% and 20%) in geopolymer mortars, and the rate of MPCM incorporation (0%, 5% and 10%) in both types of mortars: geopolymer mortars (GPM) and cement mortars (CM).The first part of this study is devoted to the characterization of the microstructure, physical, mechanical and thermal properties of GPM and CM. The results obtained showed that the coexistence of NASH and CASH gel brought improvements in terms of mechanical properties and thermal conductivity compared to GPM-MPCM without metakaolin addition. Indeed, the addition of 10 and 20% metakaolin was sufficient to achieve this coexistence. With a concentration of MPCM up to 10% in the geopolymer mortars, the compressive strength was increased by about 21% and the thermal conductivity was increased by about 31%, leading to an improvement in the thermal capacity up to 1280 J/Kg.K.The second part of the work deals with the study of the effect of the incorporation of microcapsulated phase change materials on some durability indicators of GPM and CM. The results indicate that the incorporation of MPCM increases the total porosity, this induces an increase in the water absorption by capillarity and a decrease in the electrical resistivity of the GPM and CM. On the other hand, the inclusion of MPCM exerts an influence on the decrease of the pore connectivity and the increase of the tortuosity of the pore network on the one hand and the increase of the chloride ion binding capacity on the other hand. This led to the decrease of the chloride migration coefficient in the steady state. In addition, it should be noted that GPM have larger pore sizes than CM. This may be due to the drying protocol which is likely to induce desiccation and microcracks in the CASH gel. However, in the presence of these microcracks, the study revealed that the chemical reaction of the GPM controls the chloride ion transport mechanisms more than its porosity
Navaro, Julien. "Cinétique de mélange des enrobés recyclés et influence sur les performances mécaniques." Phd thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2011. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00613982.