Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Construction Lean'
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1
Tomas, Lindholm. "Lean in Construction Projects : Is lean suitable for all construction projects?" Thesis, KTH, Byggnadsteknik, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-146653.
Abstract:
Due to the low productivity growth in the construction industry, there are discussions about theories and tools that could support an increased productivity in construction projects. One such ‘theory’ or package of tools is lean. Lean has been used successfully for decades in the car manufacturing industry, Toyota for example, and in other industries as the shipbuilding industry. In the construction industry, the use of the word lean is not frequently used and construction projects could might implement lean concepts and tools in a greater extent than today. The purpose of this thesis is to increase the productivity in construction projects by evaluating if and in which types of construction projects different lean concepts and tools could be used and when it is worth to implement different lean concepts and tools. The research questions are about if there are any obstacles to implement lean and which lean concepts and tools that are most suitable for different types of construction projects. The findings, that will answer the research questions, are based on a theoretical view from an extensive literature review including prior case studies about lean in general as well as about lean in construction projects. The findings are also based on interviews, about the construction process and lean in construction projects, with managers at different types of projects, constructed by Skanska. Even though lean is already used in some extent in construction projects, the finding is that lean concepts and tools could be used in a greater extent in construction projects without obstacles. In addition to concepts and tools used in the car manufacturing industry, e.g. just-in-time, other concepts and tools have to be added. For example production control and planning are important to support lean in construction projects. In general, lean concepts and tools could be used in all types of construction projects. Some concepts or tools are more preferable in certain types of projects. Lean could be used only by the main contractor, however, to optimize the process by lean concepts and tool, it is preferable if the whole chain is adopting lean thinking. As a final comment, construction projects are not like car manufacturing facilities with repetitive work and products. But the construction industry has to take impact from it and the future will be more like the car industry, if the quality and the architectural creativity could retained in the projects.
2
Bashir, Abubakar Muhammad. "A framework for utilising lean construction strategies to promote safety on construction sites." Thesis, University of Wolverhampton, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2436/297665.
Abstract:
The poor safety situation in the United Kingdom (UK) construction industry and its adverse socio-economic record are well documented in the existing literature. The application of Lean Construction techniques has been proposed as an effective strategy to address accidents on construction sites, a major safety concern in the construction industry. However, examination of the relationship between Lean Construction techniques and safety issues has been marginal. This study explores this relationship with the aim of developing a framework for using Lean Construction techniques to promote safety on UK construction sites. A framework was initially devised based on a synthesis of the literature and further refined based on findings from interviews held with 10 Lean Construction practitioners on antecedents of Lean Construction techniques and safety issues. In order to develop and confirm the framework, data was collected from practicing Lean Construction organisations using a questionnaire survey and analysed using descriptive statistics, inferential statistics and inter-rater agreement statistical test to examine the pattern and extent of the relationships. The study found a total of thirty-eight (38) relationships between Lean Construction techniques and safety issues. These relationships are mainly positive in nature in that they demonstrate path to improvement in safety on construction sites. They show which techniques could be used to address the relevant safety issue. Furthermore, it was established that the application of Lean Construction techniques on construction sites can be impeded by challenges such as: lack of Lean Construction knowledge, complexity, misconception about Lean and difficulties in changing employees’ working culture. The study identified strategies that could be used to address these challenges. These include enlightenment on benefits of Lean practice, publication of improvements realised from Lean practice, training, workers’ involvement and empowerment, persistence, robust planning and gradual step-by-step implementation. The study, therefore, concludes that Lean Construction techniques have positive relationships with safety issues on construction sites in the UK and on the basis of the relationships develops an integrated framework to guide application of the techniques by contracting organisations in promoting safety. The study makes a number of recommendations including the incorporation of Lean Construction practice into government health and safety initiatives, regulations and policies, and identifies areas for further research.
3
Marchini-Blanco, Juan 1971. "Lean enterprise in the construction industry." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/29383.
Abstract:
Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2004.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 59-61).
This thesis explores the application of the Lean Enterprise Model (LEM) to construction firms. LEM is a framework derived from lean manufacturing principles by MIT's Lean Aerospace Initiative (LAI) for the aerospace industry. Construction firms also need new business models to meet the change in construction industry environment. Lean enterprise could assist in the development of a new business model. In theory, LEM could be applied to any given industry. A matrix has been created in which six key construction characteristics are compared to six key lean enterprise principles in order to asses how compatible would the lean enterprise model be taking into account the particularities of the construction industry. The results show that in some aspects the construction industry is already somewhat lean, e.g. it works on the basis of customer pull, while in others the application of lean principles would require a big mindset and cultural change, e.g. adversarial relationships due to the lump sum bidding system.
by Juan Marchini-Blanco.
S.M.
4
Garnett, Naomi A. "Changing construction performance using lean construction : an action research approach." Thesis, University of Reading, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.394430.
5
Tezel, Bulent Algan. "A Statistical Approach To Lean Construction Implementations Of Construction Companies In Turkey." Master's thesis, METU, 2007. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12608658/index.pdf.
Abstract:
One of the major change efforts for the construction industry is lean
construction. This thesis analyzes the practices of the construction
companies in Turkey from the lean construction perspective. Prior to the
analysis in question, requisite information about change in the
construction industry, lean thinking and lean construction will be
presented.
A questionnaire, based on a lean construction model, is used to survey
the practices and gather the data for the analysis. Various statistical
analysis methods are performed on the gathered data to make
inferences. According to these analyses, the lean construction
characteristics of the construction companies will be discussed and the
recommendations for improving the lean conformance of the construction
companies will be presented.
6
Ren, Jiamei. "Lean Construction Supply Chain : A Literature Review." Thesis, KTH, Fastigheter och byggande, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-101279.
Abstract:
The aim of this thesis is to enhance the management of supply systems in construction industry using lean principles. This study is an attempt to identify what kind of activities causes’ construction process delay and how to perform lean concept into supply chain in practice. The objective is to assure on-time delivery of information and materials to construction sites at lowest cost and maximum value for the customer. These study problems have been analysed from a lean construction supply chain perspective, concentrating on decreasing and eliminating non-value adding activities in order to maximum the value for the customer. Supply complexity in construction in order to better understand which sections are easy to generate non-value adding activities. In the thesis, literature review is the main research method to support analysing and finding, including Ohno Taiichi identified seven wastes from Toyota Production System; five lean principles described by Womack and Jonas; Theory of constraint illustrated from Goldratt Eliyahu M.
7
Morris, Jonathan. "Improving construction design : the lean thinking paradigm." Thesis, Cranfield University, 1999. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/3840.
Abstract:
A study has been conducted into improving construction design through the application of the lean thinking paradigm. Its objective was to identify the issues relating to design efficiency and how a lean thinking approach might address these issues. The investigation consisted of examining work already undertaken in the field by other researchers"to identify the state of the art. The change order request system was examined to gain first insights into waste in construction design, and to gauge the size of the opportunity for the application of lean thinking. An Electronic Data Gathering Tool (EDGT) was then developed to allow further exploration of the design decision making process at the system / sub-system level. The EDGT was used on three live construction projects. From the data recorded a design planning tool, Design Decision Planner (DDP), was created to help improve control of the design process and lead to a more standardised approach to construction design. Standardising the approach to product development is an important component of lean thinking. The main recommendations for making construction design lean are: Use DDP to plan and improve control of the design decision making process, assign design responsibility and to make the process more transparent. 2. Measuring progress against planned design is a useful process metric. 3. Improve the designer's cost and programme visibility when choosing between design options. 4. Redefine the role of the quantity surveyor from cost controller to value for money assessor. The role needs to be better integrated into the design process to reach its full potential. 5. Need to develop more rigorous methods of assessing the buildability of design options. This problem could be eased in the short-term by incorporating construction professionals into the early design phases. 6. Designers need to use more process reason drivers when choosing between design options, not just functional criteria. 7. The change order request system could be redesigned to identify the root causes of contract issue design changes and, hence, improve the design decision making process.
8
Ward, Steven Anthony. "Critical success factors for lean construction intervention." Thesis, University of Dundee, 2015. https://discovery.dundee.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/a08f9653-ee1c-4ab8-8776-7ae6233488c9.
Abstract:
Despite the successful application of lean thinking across a wide range of industries, and a number of UK Government funded programmes such as the Construction Lean Improvement Programme and Constructing Excellence, the construction sector lags behind other sectors as highlighted in the Egan Report (1998) and more recently in Sir John Egan’s speech to the House of Commons in 2008 which gave the construction industry “four out of ten – for trying.”This led to the research question: What are the critical success factors for lean construction interventions? The emergence of lean production as a concept and the contributions of its key historic influencers are explored. Differences between construction and manufacturing are compared and discussed, and it is concluded that there is no practical reason why lean production cannot be successfully applied to construction operations. However, the issue of buildings being “rooted-in-place” is a potential barrier to true global competition. Progress was made towards a satisfactory definition of lean construction, a term hitherto ill-defined. Nineteen potential critical success factors (CSF) were identified in a literature review. A pilot study conducted with senior construction staff experienced in lean construction identified a further seven potential critical success factors and discounted three derived from the literature. Face-to-face interviews with thirty-one construction staff that had attempted lean construction interventions were conducted to examine the significance of each factor. Of the interventions, twenty-six were successful and six were failures. Statistical analysis compared the failure and success groups and of a total of twenty-three factors examined, thirteen were critical, two important, seven not critical and one unknown. Some of the most cited lean critical success factors, for example “There must be a crisis”, were shown to be not significantly important for the construction sector. Interdependencies between the statistically significant factors were explored and it was concluded that a wide concern with “getting buy-in” exists. Three factors appeared to possess a greater ability to influence all the others: the capability of management; client influence; and the right facilitator.
9
Melam, Madhu Chandra. "Development of Rating Scale in Lean Construction." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1312293650.
10
Shakarchi, Ahmad, and Daniel Fadhil. "Exploring Lean Practices in Commercial Construction Projects." Thesis, KTH, Fastigheter och byggande, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-298317.
Abstract:
Lean construction is often suggested as way of enhancing the productivity of the construction industry. There are no clear definitions of lean construction, but it is often referred to as a construction management philosophy that aims to minimize waste and maximise customer value. Adopting lean construction in a project can be difficult and there are several critical factors for successful implementation; one of which is the use of lean construction practices. Lean construction practices are tools, techniques and strategies through which the principles of lean construction can be implemented. It has been pointed out that there is lack of information on the number of existing practices and their exact area of use. This master thesis report identified lean practices that have been implemented in commercial construction projects, and categorised them according to the phases of lean construction. The report also explored which lean production-planning-and-control- practices have been adopted by a commercial construction contractor. To identify the lean practices, a literature analysis was conducted based on the documents reviewed by Babalola et al. (2019) in their article ‘Implementation of lean practices in the construction industry: A systematic review’. This revealed 22 different lean practices that have been implemented in commercial construction projects, with the Last Planner System having been reported the most followed by Just in Time and Pull Scheduling. The literature analysis also resulted in the project delivery stages in which each identified practice had been adopted. This helped categorise the practices according to the phases of lean construction. The phases were defined by the conceptual framework ‘The Lean Project Delivery System’ as Project Definition, Lean Design, Lean Supply, Lean Assembly and Lean Use. The categorisation showed that (out of the 22 identified practices) 3 practices belong to the phase Project Definition, while 8, 9, 15 and 0 practices belong to the other phases respectively. To explore which lean production-planning-and-control-practices have been adopted by a commercial construction contractor, a case study was conducted of the production phase of a large-sized project referred to as Project X. Seven members of the production team were interviewed as to reveal the contractor’s working methods in the planning and control of production in terms of time, activity and logistics. The revealed working methods were then compared to 9 out of the 22 identified lean practices, since they were interpreted as production-planning-and-control-practices. This analysis showed that six of those practices were seemingly implemented in the production of Project X, while one was partially implemented and two were not implemented.Lean byggproduktion föreslås ofta som ett sätt att öka produktiviteten i byggbranschen. Det finns inga tydliga definitioner av lean byggproduktion, men konceptet beskrivs ofta som en filosofi för byggledning som ämnar minimera avfall och maximera kundvärdet. Att anta lean byggproduktion i ett projekt kan vara svårt och det finns ett antal kritiska faktorer för lyckad implementering, varav en är användandet av lean byggverktyg. Lean byggverktyg är verktyg, tekniker och strategier genom vilka principerna av lean byggproduktion kan implementeras. Det har påpekats att det finns brist på information om antalet befintliga lean byggverktyg och deras användningsområden. Denna rapport identifierade lean verktyg som har implementerats i kommersiella byggprojekt, och kategoriserade de enligt faserna av lean byggproduktion. Rapporten utforskade också vilka lean verktyg för planering och styrning av produktion som har antagits av en kommersiell byggentreprenör. För att identifiera leanverktyg i kommersiella byggprojekt så genomfördes en litteraturanalys baserat på de dokument som granskats av Babalola et al. (2019) i deras artikel ‘Implementation of lean practices in the construction industry: A systematic review’. Detta avslöjade 22 olika lean byggverktyg som implementerats i diverse kommersiella byggprojekt, där Last Planner System har rapporterats mest följt av Just in Time och Pull Scheduling. Litteraturanalysen resulterade också i projektleveransstadierna där varje identifierat verktyg hade implementerats. Detta hjälpte att kategorisera verktygen enligt faserna av lean byggproduktion. Faserna definierades av det konceptuella ramverket ’The Lean Project Delivery System’ som Project Definition, Lean Design, Lean Supply, Lean Assembly och Lean Use. Kategoriseringen visade att (utav de 22 identifierade verktygen) 3 verktyg tillhör fasen Project Definition, medan de resterande faserna innefattar 8, 9, 15 respektive 0 verktyg. För att utforska vilka lean verktyg för planering och styrning av produktion som har antagits av en kommersiell byggentreprenör så utfördes en fallstudie av produktionsfasen av ett stort projekt såkallat Projekt X. Sju medlemmar av produktionsteamet intervjuades för att uppenbara entreprenörens arbetsmetoder vid planering och styrning av produktion beträffande tid, aktivitet och logistik. De uppenbarade arbetsmetoderna jämfördes sedan med 9 av de 22 identifierade leanverktygen eftersom just de tolkades som verktyg för planering och styrning av produktion. Denna analys visade att sex av dessa verktyg var till synes implementerade i produktionen av Projekt X, medan en var delvis implementerad och två inte alls implementerade.
11
Glad, Calle, and Elinor Bäck. "Lean i byggproduktion med fokus på arbetsmiljö." Thesis, Tekniska Högskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, JTH, Byggnadsteknik och belysningsvetenskap, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-46209.
Abstract:
Purpose: As of today, the knowledge of lean production, and its development into the construction industry, lean construction, has been well described in most of the necessary aspects. In what way lean could affect the work environment in a construction project, be it good or bad, has to date not been thoroughly documented. In Sweden, lean has been mildly tested in the construction industry but the results concerning the effect it has on the work environment is yet to be found in the literature. Lean itself is a strategy for manufacturing processes. The purpose of this study is to contribute to the knowledge of lean itself and how it, theoretically, could affect the work environment at construction site. Method: To achieve the purpose, documents from the participating company concerning work environment has been analysed in order to visualize what routines the company currently follows. In addition to this, seven interviews were conducted with employees of the company. The persons participating in the interviews were asked about how well they think the work is organized on the construction site right now and furthermore about their thoughts of lean-concept that had been produced, based on the theoretical framework. Findings: Based on the theoretical framework and findings in the empirical data that has been collected, a lean-concept was developed and refined. The concept includes what routines and what documents that are vital when implicating lean in an effective way, and also what needs to be considered in order not to impede the work environment at the construction site. Implications: Implicating a well-structured lean-concept in the construction process of a project would, theoretically, most definitely improve effectiveness within the project. It could also improve the work environment of the project, considering the risk awareness and the easier waste-control that the concept could provide. However, it could also make it worse through the elimination of variance and monotonous work tasks that are needed to improve the effectiveness. Limitations: The most important limitations that the study has had is the fact of it only being a theoretical implication of a lean concept, not a practical case study of the sort. This is due to the defined and limited time that project has had. In addition, the study has also had to limit its’ research to the frame supplement phase of the construction project. This is because of the fact that the work with the theoretical framework and the empirical study would have been too overwhelming, had the study considered the entire production phase of a construction project.
12
Almeida, Joao Carlos. "Strategic issues in lean construction and the higher education construction market sector." Link to electronic thesis, 2003. http://www.wpi.edu/Pubs/ETD/Available/etd-0220103-154015.
13
Sarhan, Jamil Ghazi I. "Development of a lean construction framework for the Saudi Arabian construction industry." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2018. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/119173/1/Jamil%20Ghazi%20I_Sarhan_Thesis.pdf.
Abstract:
The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia construction industry is bedevilled with many problems. Many construction projects delivered to poor cost, time, quality performances. In addition, many of the construction organisations in the KSA operate with inefficient project delivery processes and produce enormous wastes and low-value return to clients. Lean construction has been proposed as a management strategy for overcoming the problems associated with construction project delivery and organisational processes in the KSA construction industry. Despite the avalanche of frameworks for implementing lean construction strategies, the appropriate framework for promoting lean construction in the KSA construction industry is lacking. The result is the limited implementation of lean construction in the KSA construction industry. Beside the lack of an appropriate framework for implementing lean construction strategies, there is a concerning dearth of research addressing issues pertaining to the implementation of lean construction such as the barriers and critical success factors (CSFs) for implementing lean construction in the KSA construction industry. As a result, the state of art of lean construction in the KSA construction industry is unknown. Therefore, this study is carried out to promote lean construction in the KSA construction industry.
The research methodology follows a pragmatic research paradigm which allows the combined use of quantitative and qualitative research methodologies. The quantitative methodology aspects involve the questionnaire survey of experts to obtain their opinion on the types of wastes, the tools and techniques that support the implementation of lean construction, benefits of lean construction, and stages of application of lean methods in the KSA construction industry. In addition, the questionnaire was used to gather experts' opinion about the barriers to the implementation of lean construction in the KSA construction industry. The data obtained from the survey was analysed using powerful statistical analysis techniques such as one-way ANOVA, and the exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. An open-ended questionnaire combined with an interview scheme was also designed to obtain the experts' views on the CSFs for implementing lean construction in the KSA construction industry. The data obtained was qualitatively analysed using content analysis to derive a comprehensive list of CSFs for implementing lean construction in the KSA construction industry. On the basis of the list derived, selected experts were asked to complete a pairwise comparison of the CSFs through a well-designed row and column questionnaire. An ISM technique was employed to specify the interrelationships among the CSFs, as well as their hierarchies in order to develop an ISM model for promoting lean construction in the KSA construction industry. An interview with experts who have the understanding of lean construction and the operations of the KSA construction industry was carried out to check for conceptual inconsistencies, and to confirmif the model can be implemented as a lean construction framework for improving the performance of construction projects and organisations in the KSA construction industry.
The investigation reveals that 'waiting' is the most pervasive type of waste in the KSA construction industry, while the level of pervasiveness of the over-processing and over-production types of wastes are different between the large and small construction companies mainly due to resource constraints. There are a myriad number of different tools/techniques that support the implementation of lean construction in the KSA construction industry, but the computer aided design (CAD) provides the most support to the implementation of lean construction. The top ranked barriers which are of greatest concern to the implementation of LC in the KSA construction industry are: influence of traditional practices, unfavorable organisational culture, lack of technical skills about lean techniques, and lack of understanding of lean approaches. In descending order of pervasiveness, the principal factors that constitute these barriers in the KSA construction industry are the traditional practices barrier, client-related barrier, standardisation barrier, a technological barrier, performance and knowledge barrier, and cost related barrier. Of these principal barriers, the client related barrier is a new kind of barrier to implementing lean construction in the body of knowledge.
There are 12 CSFs for implementing lean construction in the KSA construction industry. As a result, an ISM model that specifies the relationship between the CSFs for implementing lean construction in the KSA construction industry is developed, while a further validation study confirms that the ISM model can be implemented as a lean construction framework for improving the performance of construction projects and organisations in the KSA construction industry. The ISM model comprises of 7 hierarchies (VII-I) of the 12 CSFs. The CSFs in the top hierarchy are the most important CSFs for implementing lean construction in the KSA construction industry. Those in the middling hierarchy are very unstable, whereby any action taken on one or more of them has an effect on another. Therefore, utmost care and consideration are necessary when putting in place any of these CSFs for the implementation of lean construction in the KSA construction industry. The CSF in the least hierarchy is the least important in the KSA construction industry, and to apply this CSF is entirely reliant on the other CSFs, in other words, other CSFs need to be in place to apply this CSF to the implementation of lean construction in the KSA construction industry.
Overall, the study generates a new knowledge in the area of lean construction in the KSA construction industry context. This study reveals the state of art of lean construction in the KSA construction industry. In addition, this study identifies the barriers to, and the CSF for implementing lean construction in the KSA construction industry. This study also develops an ISM model that specifies the relationship among the CSFs for implementing lean construction towards the development of a framework for promoting lean construction in the KSA construction industry. In contrast to existing frameworks, the framework reflects the socio-cultural and operation context in the KSA construction industry.
14
Nesensohn, Claus. "An innovative framework for assessing lean construction maturity." Thesis, Liverpool John Moores University, 2014. http://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/4320/.
Abstract:
This thesis integrates Lean construction (LC) with the organisational assessment method ofmaturity models (MM) and delivers an original contribution to knowledge in the form of avalidated innovative organisational framework to measure the current state of LC maturity,which is called Lean Construction Maturity Model (LCMM). This framework provides andsupports organisations towards the development of greater maturity and subsequentlyenhances the awareness and understanding of LC. The aim of this research was to enableorganisations to measure the gap between their current state and where they want to be interms of embedding LC. Accordingly, the research addressed this aim further by providingbusinesses with support and guidance in their LC maturation process in particular inmeasuring sought improvement in their journey towards greater maturity in LC. The studywas conducted as a qualitative mixed-method design in order to discover and achieve a richunderstanding of the phenomenon of LC maturity from LC key informants and best fulfil theresearch aim. Consequently, a phenomenological approach was utilised, with focus groups(FGs) as the primary study, combined with a group interview as well as individual interviewsas supplementary components. To ensure validity, three different approaches weredeployed: first the triangulation of three different methods to collect the data, second a richand thick-description, and finally the validation of the developed framework by memberchecks in the form of interviews and a FG. The major findings of this research are: thesuccessful integration of MMs and LC achieved through the development of the proposedframework, and the simplification of LC into 11 Key Attributes that explain LC in a simplerand better way than before. This framework defined a LC maturity assessment methodutilising five maturity levels, 11 Key Attributes, which have been described through 60Behaviours, Goals & Practices, and 75 Ideal Statements that more mature organisations willexemplify. Finally, the most important consequence of this work is the enabling oforganisations to obtain a systemic and holistic overview of their current state of LC maturityand providing them with support in their maturation.
15
Häggroth, Michael, and Rapport Nils Odén. "Hur fungerar Lean construction? : En fallstudie av NCC." Thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Business Studies, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-9450.
Abstract:
Det har blivit allt dyrare att bygga i Sverige, den svenska byggnadsindustrin har halkat efter övrig producerande industri och byggföretagen måste börja tänka i nya banor om de ska klara de nya utmaningarna. Lean-tänkande har länge nyttjats inom den tillverkande industrin och byggföretag har på senare år börjat snegla på dessa koncept i syfte att öka sin produktivitet. Problemet är att byggindustrin inte har homogena produktionsmiljöer och därmed inte kan använda samma lean-koncept som exempelvis bilindustrin. Därför har ett nytt koncept som kallas Lean construction utvecklats som bygger på ett antal principer från traditionella produktionssynsätt (Koskela, 2000). Konceptet är relativt nytt och forskningen inom området har främst fokuserat på lösningar på specifika problem istället för att skapa förståelse för konceptets helhet. I denna studie ligger därför fokus på att skapa förståelse för helheten genom att belysa hur Lean-constructionprinciper samverkar och påverkar varandra i ett produktionssystem. För att förstå dessa kopplingar har ett byggföretag som aktivt arbetar med olika lean-koncept studerats i en fallstudie. I studien framgår att produktionsprinciperna kan vara överordnade varandra och att vissa principer kan vara mer eller mindre centrala i Leanconstruction. Studien identifierar också ett nytt område byggföretag kan ha problem med, vilket benämns som kunskapsslöseri.
16
Al-Sasi, Basil Omar. "A lean approach to capacity management in construction." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.443046.
17
Labib, Y. A. M. "Lean framework for assessing construction logistics in Jordan." Thesis, University of Salford, 2017. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/41280/.
Abstract:
Construction plays a significant role in forming civilisations as it has an impact that spurs societies worldwide to construct their own unique building identities. The structure of the construction industry is arguably considered to be fragmented and not well organised. So, effective construction logistics management is crucial to the success of construction projects that rely on extended supplier networks and delivery processes. As the construction sector is one of the vital sectors in the Jordanian development process, the construction logistics process is considered a significant problem confronting Jordanian construction and needs to be altered (Sweis et al., 2008; Momani, 2000). My investigation of a variety of databases has discovered no indication of implementation of lean thinking or lean practices within the Jordanian construction industry. The purpose of this study is firstly to examine the challenges facing construction logistics in Jordan, and then explore to what extent the Jordanian construction stakeholders are using lean planning tools and practices throughout their construction logistics process, which determines whether Jordanian construction is conventional or toward lean. Thus, this subject appears to be a substantial area to examine within the Jordanian construction industry. The research aim is to develop models for assessing the adoption of lean logistics in Jordanian construction organisations. To achieve this aim, five objectives were prepared. In the literature review, a background of lean production and construction are illustrated; methods and approaches of lean construction along with the benefits and barriers of lean are also critically reviewed. However, the literature did not show any signs of lean practices in Jordan. In addition, supply chain and logistics, in a global sense, are clarified along with the differences between traditional and lean logistics. Most importantly, the literature review shows the challenges affecting logistics in the construction industry including the health and safety regulation factor; inventory factor; material preservation factor; labour performance and material handling factor (performance factor); planning factor; transportation factor; continuous improvement factor; and transparency and information exchange factor. In terms of the research methodology used in this study, the researcher adopted the research-onion model (Saunders et al., 2009). The research tended towards positivism, realism and value-free stances in terms of philosophy, and the search approach used was a combination of inductive and deductive. The strategy of research first included a case study (semi-structured interview), and secondly a survey which considers the choice of this research as a mixed method. Firstly, semi-structured interviews were administered among nine experts in the Jordanian construction industry. This qualitative data investigated the current status of construction logistics in Jordan, factors affecting Jordanian construction logistics and the benefits and barriers of implementing lean practices. Secondly, the results of the semi-structured interviews and the literature review were utilised in the second data collection (questionnaire) in a wider section where 150 stakeholders participated. The descriptive outcomes and factor analysis show that planning is the leading factor (challenges) affecting construction logistics in Jordan. This is followed by the transportation factor, transparency and information exchange factor, continuous improvement factor, material preservation factor, inventory factor and finally the material handling factor. Moreover, the outcomes also show that the awareness and implementation of lean planning tools and practices are still underestimated. Furthermore, the Kruskal-Wallis test and logistics regression were used to find the different views among stakeholders (consultant, contractor and supplier) in regards to factors (challenges) affecting construction logistics, lean planning tools and practices. ISM (Interpretive Structural Modelling) was exploited to build final models, explain all the relationships between variables and level them in different stages from bottom (greatest influence) to top (lowest influence). The models included factors affecting construction logistics (ISM-1), lean planning tools (ISM-2) and lean practices (ISM-3). Fulfilling the aim of this research offers both academics and practitioners contributions to the study of lean logistics. For example, academics will be able to use this research to identify initial indicators and tools for further in-depth studies related to lean logistics within developed and developing countries, whereas managers from different Jordanian construction companies (consultant, contractor, or supplier) will gain added insight into and guidance on lean logistics challenges and use of lean planning tools and practices. This will ultimately help managers assess, reframe and prioritise their managerial practices.
18
MUTCHLER, MATTHEW A. "lean architecture." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1212009216.
19
Soto, Leticia S. M. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Construction design as a process for flow : applying lean principles to construction design." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/42995.
Abstract:
Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, System Design and Management Program, 2007.Includes bibliographical references (p. 108-111).
Delays and cost overruns are the rule rather than the exception in the construction industry. Design changes due to lack of constructability late in the construction phase generating costly ripple effect which create delay and disruption throughout the entire organization, are the largest contributors to the stated rule. In the building construction industry, of increased competitiveness, demand from many companies continued effort to develop new methods and tools, in which the design for quality, cost, construability and reliability play an important role. The planning and management of building design has historically focused upon traditional methods of planning such as Critical Path Method (CPM). Little effort is made to understand the complexities of the design process; instead design managers focus on allocating work packages where the planned output is a set of deliverables. This current design method forces design teams to manage their work on a discipline basis, each working on achieving their deliverable as dictated by the design program with little regard of the relationship with other disciplines and organizations. In addition, because Architect and Engineering firms view design and construction as two separate independent phases of work in project it makes it difficult to verify constructability in a design and create flow in the overall process. The goal of this study is to look at how aligning interests, objectives and practices based on lean fundamentals, during the earliest stages of a project, as a method of improving construction performance.
by Leticia Soto.
S.M.
20
Dave, B. A. "Developing a construction management system based on lean construction and building information modelling." Thesis, University of Salford, 2013. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/30820/.
Abstract:
This research aims at improving construction management through simultaneous implementation of Lean Construction and Building Information Modelling. Specifically, the area of production management and control is addressed by developing a prototype software system that supports Lean Construction processes and provides a visual interface through Building Information Modelling. The research addresses a practically relevant problem, and follows the Design Science Research method. The first stage of the research explores the problem area through the author’s own observation of industrial practice, and also through a literature review. At the broad level, a two-fold problem is identified; first the problems with the production management process itself, and second the problems with visualisation and management of the product model and its integration with the production management. At the fundamental level, it is found that many of these problems are linked with the deficient theory behind production, which is predominantly based on the “Transformation” view of production. Additionally, it is found that the previous attempts at solving the problems of construction management through information systems have only met with limited success as they mostly address the peripheral processes rather than the core area of production management. The second stage of the research explores and puts forward potential solutions to overcome the problems of production management. Lean Construction is identified as a partial solution to the production planning and control process. Specifically, the Last Planner SystemTM of production control is found to improve the productivity and efficiency of the production process by reducing variability, improving reliability and collaboration and introducing continuous improvement. At the same time, it is found that Building Information Modelling helps overcome many of the problems found with the traditional product management techniques (such as 2D and 3D CAD), by providing an object oriented, parametric and visual representation of the product. It is also found that the application of Building Information Modelling is relevant to all aspects of the construction process. Through a conceptual analysis, significant synergies between Lean Construction and Building Information Modelling are identified, with applications also spanning the entire construction lifecycle. Specific benefits to the production management process are also found, backed by empirical evidence. However, it is also found that the current Building Information Modelling systems do not fully support an integrated implementation of production management. This particular aspect of an integrated and visual system, which would support the core production management process, is identified as a potential solution area. The third stage of the research is dedicated to the design and development of a software system called VisiLean, which provides a collaborative planning and control platform, which is integrated with the Building Information Modelling platform, and which supports the production management process. A prototype system is developed through an iterative and incremental process, through simultaneous feedback, evaluation and review. The fourth stage of the research includes the evaluation of the VisiLean prototype through a demonstration and feedback process. At this stage, the design, development and evaluation process is analyzed and discussed. Finally, the contributions to the theory and the body of knowledge are identified, along with the suggestions for future development.
21
Herrera, Valencia Rodrigo Fernando. "Impact of BIM/LEAN on the interaction of construction project design teams." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/158718.
Abstract:
[ES] Los equipos de diseño de los proyectos de construcción están compuestos por diferentes interesados; esto podría dificultar las interacciones. Las metodologías BIM y Lean tienen un impacto positivo en los proyectos de construcción. Además, hay pruebas de la aplicación conjunta de BIM y Lean; sin embargo, se desconoce la relación empírica entre las prácticas Lean y los usos de BIM en la fase de diseño. Tampoco existe una comprensión más profunda de los fenómenos sociales que se generan entre los equipos de diseño cuando se aplican las metodologías de gestión BIM-Lean. Por lo tanto, el objetivo de esta investigación es entender el impacto de las prácticas de gestión de diseño Lean (LDM) y los usos BIM en la interacción de los equipos de diseño de los proyectos de construcción. El método de investigación tiene dos fases: 1) la creación de herramientas para evaluar el nivel de aplicación de las prácticas LDM y los usos BIM, y para comprender las interacciones en un equipo de diseño; y 2) el análisis de las relaciones entre BIM, Lean y la interacción, basado en información empírica de proyectos de construcción en fase de diseño. Los resultados presentan un instrumento de evaluación de usos del BIM y un cuestionario de prácticas de LDM para medir la gestión del diseño, y un método para comprender los diferentes tipos de interacción en un equipo de diseño. Basados en los datos de 64 proyectos, un análisis chi cuadrado reveló 33 relaciones empíricas entre los usos del BIM y las prácticas LDM; además, la aplicación de los usos del BIM implica una mayor aplicación de las prácticas LDM. El proyecto que aplica la gestión BIM-Lean logra numerosas interacciones en su equipo de diseño; flujos de información transparentes, ordenados y estandarizados; un entorno de colaboración, confianza y aprendizaje; y una gestión del compromiso. Todos estos elementos de interacción no son visibles en el proyecto, en el que no se aplicó la gestión BIM-lean.[CAT] Els equips de diseny dels projectes de construcción están compostos per diferents interesats; açó podría dificultar les interaccions. Les metodologies BIM i Lean tenen un impacte positiu en els projectes de construcció. A més, ni hi ha proves de l'aplicació conjunta de BIM i Lean; no obstant, es desconeix la relació empírica entre practiques Lean i els usos de BIM en fase de diseny. Tampoc existix una comprensió mes profunda dels fenómens socials que es generen entre els equips de diseny quan s'apliquen les metodologies de gestió BIM-Lean. Per tant, l'objectiu d'esta investigació es entendre l'impacte de les practiques de gestió de diseny Lean (LDM) i els usos BIM en l'interacció dels equips de diseny dels projectes de construcción. El métode de investigació te dos fases: 1) la creació de ferramentes per a evaluar el nivell d'aplicació de les practiques LDM i els usos BIM, i per a comprendre les interaccions en un equip de diseny; i 2) l'análisis de les relacions entre BIM, Lean i la interacció, basades en informació empírica de projectes de construcció en fase de diseny. Els resultats presenten un instrument d'evaluació d'usos del BIM i un questionari de practiques de LDM per a mesurar la gestió del diseny, i un método per a comprendre els diferents tipos d'interacció en un equip de diseny. Basades en les dades de 64 projectes, un análisis chi cuadrado va revelar 33 relacions empíricas entre els usos del BIM i les práctiques LDM; a més, l¿aplicació dels usos del BIM implica una major aplicació de les práctiques LDM. El projecte que aplica la gestió BIM-Lean obté nombroses interaccions en el seu equip de diseny; fluxes d'informació transparents, ordenats i estandarizats; un entorn de colaboració, confiança i aprenentatge; i una gestió del compromis. Tots estos elements d'interacció no son visibles en el projecte, en el que no es va aplicar la gestió BIM-lean.
[EN] Design teams of construction projects are composed of different stakeholders; this fact could make the interactions difficult. BIM and Lean methodologies have a positive impact on construction projects. Besides, there is evidence of the combined implementation of BIM and Lean; however, it is not known the empirical relationship between Lean practices and BIM uses in the design phase. Also, there is not a deeper understanding of the social phenomena that are generated among design teams when BIM-Lean management methodologies are implemented. Therefore, the objective of this research is to understand the impact of Lean design management (LDM) practices, and BIM uses in the interaction of construction project design teams. The research method has two phases: (1) the creation of tools to assess the level of implementation of LDM practices and BIM uses and to understand the interactions in a design team; and (2) the relationship analyses between BIM, Lean, and interaction, based on empirical information from construction projects in the design phase. The results present a BIM uses assessment tool and an LDM practices questionnaire to measure the design management and a method to understand the different types of interaction in a design team. Based on data from 64 projects, a chi-square analysis revealed 33 empirical relationships between BIM uses and LDM practices; also, the application of BIM uses implies a greater application of LDM practices. The project that applies BIM-Lean management achieves many interactions among its design team; transparent, orderly, and standardized information flows; a collaborative, trust, and learning environment; and commitment management. All these interaction elements are not visible in the project, where BIM-lean management was not applied.
Herrera Valencia, RF. (2020). Impact of BIM/LEAN on the interaction of construction project design teams [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/158718
TESIS
22
Khan, Muhammad Sharjeel. "The construction of a model for lean product development." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2012. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/8043.
Abstract:
‘Lean’ or ‘lean thinking’ refers to an improvement philosophy which focuses on the fulfilment of customer value and the reduction of waste. This philosophy is credited with the extraordinary rise of Toyota, one of the largest and most profitable automotive companies in the world. This thesis presents a pioneering study investigating how lean thinking should be applied to product development (PD). The aim of the research was to construct an innovative model which supports the implementation of lean thinking in PD. This was achieved through progressive collaboration with practitioners from European manufacturing companies. The model provides a process for the conceptual development of an engineering project, and is composed of phases and activities for which methodologies have been defined. The construction of the lean PD model was preceded by a systematic literature review and an industrial field study, wherein 36 semi-structured interviews were conducted in five manufacturing companies in Europe. The constructed model was later implemented on two real-life case studies via action research. The two conducted case studies involved the product architecture design for a car audio head unit and the development of a helicopter engine. It was concluded that the lean PD model addresses various industrial challenges including customer value, communication, and innovation. Furthermore, by focusing on conceptual design, the lean PD model is expected to reduce design rework. As a result of the positive effects of the model, one of the companies involved intends to implement the lean PD model further, and wishes to extend the model to the rest of the organisation. This research makes four main contributions: (1) a novel lean PD model; (2) a number of tools developed to support the model; (3) a framework for lean PD enablers; and (4) a categorisation of challenges faced by PD in industry used to verify the relevance of the lean PD model.
23
Deville, del Águila Alejandro, and Rentería Gian Pedro Gallo. "Contribución de lean construction para alcanzar la construcción sostenible." Bachelor's thesis, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2017. http://tesis.pucp.edu.pe/repositorio/handle/123456789/10184.
Abstract:
Actualmente, en el Perú, existe un déficit de 1.8 millones de viviendas en el Perú, por
lo que se espera que, para satisfacer esta demanda, se lleven a cabo numerosos
proyectos de edificaciones. Especialmente los de vivienda masiva, los cuales son
muy atractivos para los niveles socioeconómicos B, C y D quienes constituyen el 77%
de la población. La construcción de viviendas para satisfacer esta demanda requerirá
de 88 millones de GJ de energía y emitirá 12 millones de toneladas equivalentes de
CO2. Por ende, es de gran importancia analizar herramientas que permitan reducir al
mínimo posible los impactos ambientales de este rubro económico.
En este contexto, la presente investigación busca evaluar y cuantificar la contribución
de la filosofía Lean para alcanzar la construcción sostenible. Para lograr esto, se
realizó un análisis comparativo de la simulación de la construcción de un proyecto de
vivienda masiva a través de dos metodologías. La primera de ellas asociada al
sistema de construcción tradicional, mientras que la segunda, al sistema de
construcción Lean. Posteriormente, se calcularon las diferencias en el consumo
energético, generación de desperdicios sólidos y duración de actividades.
Finalmente, se obtuvieron los impactos ambientales producto de estas variaciones
mediante el Análisis de Ciclo de Vida (ACV).
Se demostró que Lean Construction optimiza la ejecución de la construcción ya que
permite reducir la duración del cronograma, y la cantidad de mano de obra empleada. Asimismo, se observó que dicha metodología permite reducir entre 4% y 8% los impactos ambientales por producción de materiales. Finalmente, a pesar de que se genera mayores impactos ambientales por envío de materiales, se obtuvo que emplear la filosofía Lean contribuye de manera positiva al desarrollo sostenible de la actividad constructiva.Tesis
24
Fernandes, André Jorge Ramos Chaves. "Lean construction e construção sustentável: um estudo de caso." Master's thesis, [s.n.], 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10284/4935.
Abstract:
Dissertação apresentada à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para a obtenção do grau de Mestre em Gestão da QualidadeA implementação de princípios de planeamento e controlo, baseados na filosofia Lean Construction, podem conduzir a ganhos substanciais do ponto de vista económico e financeiro. Baseando-se nestes princípios, a presente dissertação analisa o estudo de caso de um empreendimento de reabilitação, situado na cidade do Porto, destinado a residência de estudantes, para comprovar se esses princípios conduzem ou não a ganhos substanciais na gestão de um empreendimento imobiliário. Tendo em vista os princípios da Lean Construction, pretende-se a racionalização do investimento, que leve a um produto elaborado em menos tempo, menos desperdício e menor período de retorno. Os métodos de análise utilizados, incluem o máximo aproveitamento de produtos de desconstrução, e a separação de resíduos, para reciclagem, dos restantes produtos de demolição. No processo construtivo considera-se, para além da reutilização de partes da pré-existência, a utilização de materiais sustentáveis e recicláveis sempre que possível. São focados, com particular destaque, os métodos de planeamento que conduzem à diminuição dos prazos de execução e à minimização dos desperdícios, o que se reflete em ganhos substanciais económicos e de tempo. O estudo de caso conclui-se com a determinação do período de retorno do investimento imobiliário, o qual se encontrava fixado pelo promotor, podendo ser melhorado se os métodos de gestão utilizados assim o permitissem. O estudo prova que esse período de retorno pode ser melhorado, e apresenta as justificações que assim o determinaram.
The implementation of planning and control principles, based on the Lean Construction philosophy, can lead to substantial economical and financial gains. Based on these principles, this dissertation analyzes the case study a building rehabilitation project, located in Porto, aimed at student residence, to test whether these principles lead to substantial gains in real estate management. Bearing in mind the principles of Lean Construction, the aim was to rationalize the investment, leading to a product produced in less time, with less waste a reduced payback period. The analytical methods used include the maximum utilization of deconstruction products and waste separation (for recycling) of the remaining demolition products. In addition to the use of pre-existing material, the building process considered the use of sustainable and recyclable materials at all possible instances. The planning methods that lead to decreased production time and minimization of waste are focused with particular emphasis, as they result in substantial gains in terms of time and economy. The case study concludes with the determination of the payback period for the real estate investment, which was fixed by the promoter, and could have been improved if the management methods so allowed. The study proves that this payback period can be improved and presents the reasons that so determined.
25
SOLOMON, JULIE A. "APPLICATION OF THE PRINCIPLE OF LEAN PRODUCTION TO CONSTRUCTION." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1092947456.
26
ZIMMER, ERIC R. "IMPROVING LEAN SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT IN THE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1147652049.
27
Solomon, Julie A. "Application of the principles of lean production to construction." Cincinnati, Ohio : University of Cincinnati, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=ucin1092947456.
28
Roalsø, Fredrik. "Implementeringen av Lean Construction i det norske entreprenørselskapet Kruse Smith AS." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Avdelningen för energi-, miljö- och byggteknik, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-13776.
Abstract:
This report is an evaluation on the use of Lean Construction by the contracting company Kruse Smith AS (KS). The study addresses how well the implementation of KS new Lean policy is carried out, what improvements can be made and how the policy itself can be improved. Lean is a planning methodology used by companies to increase workflow and reduce waste in a project. Lean Construction is a development of Lean to adapt to the construction industry. Kruse Smith AS is a construction company engaged in building-, construction- and real estate business. This study focuses on building projects. The survey was done by including three ongoing construction projects: Project 1 - Blocks of flats in Kristiansand Project 2 - High School in Lyngdal Project 3 - Blocks of flats in Sandnes By the results we see that the various projects interpret the policy in different ways and therefore end up with different ways of organizing and structuring the workplace. Yet we see that the basic objectives of the policy can be achieved without necessarily having to do the same. To strengthen the implementation of the policy from the corporate side, they can place the focus on monitoring the various projects, usually where most managers are not accustomed to the use of Lean. In addition, to inform everyone and to create a better knowledge of Lean they can post something about this in the Health and Safety Plan(HMS-plan) as this will be read by all. An improvement of the implementation can also be strengthened if the company puts the most experienced Lean workers with other inexperienced in the various projects. The policy itself can be strengthened by placing greater emphasis on evaluation and continuous improvement, such as entering regular meetings for this. The policy can also focus more on the removal of waste to get rid of as much as possible of unnecessary transportation, searching and waiting. The policy can be further improved by developing the company's deviation system, to include suggestions and improvments.Dette rapporten er en undersøkelse om bruken av Lean Construction i entreprenørselskapet Kruse Smith AS. Undersøkelsen tar opp hvor godt implementeringen av Kruse Smiths nye Lean policy utføres, hvilke forbedringer som kan gjøres og hvordan selve policyen kan forbedres. Lean er en planleggings metodikk som brukes av bedriften for å øke produksjons flyten og minke sløsing i et prosjekt. Lean Construction er en videreutvikling av Lean for å tilpasse byggebransjen. Kruse Smith AS er et entreprenørselskap som driver med bygg-, anlegg- og eiendomsvirksomhet. Denne undersøkelsen tar for seg prosjekter innen bygg. Undersøkelsen ble gjort ved å inkludere tre pågående byggeprosjekt: Prosjekt 1 – Boligblokker i Kristiansand Prosjekt 2 – Ungdomsskole i Lyngdal Prosjekt 3 – Boligblokker i Sandnes Av resultatene ser man at de ulike prosjektene tolker policyen på forskjellige måter og ender derfor opp med forskjellig organisering og strukturering av arbeidsplassen. Allikevel ser man at de elementære målene i policyen kan bli nådd uten å nødvendigvis måtte gjøre det samme. For å styrke implementeringen av policyen kan det fra bedriftens side legges fokus på oppfølging av de ulike prosjektene, gjerne mest der hvor ansvarlige ikke er vant med bruken av Lean. I tillegg kan det for å informere alle og skape en bedre kjennskap til Lean legges inn noe om dette i helse, miljø og sikkerhets planen (HMS-planen) da denne skal leses av alle. Man kan også bevist plassere de mest Lean erfarne med andre uerfarne i de ulike prosjekt. Policyen kan styrkes ved å legge større fokus på evaluering og kontinuerlig forbedring ved eksempelvis å legge inn faste møter for dette, det kan også fokuseres på fjerning av sløsing slik at man kvitter seg mest mulig med unødvendig transport, leting og venting. Policyen kan i tillegg forbedres ved en videreutvikling av avviksystemet som i dag kun har fokus på uønskede hendelser og kvaliteter, til å også inkludere forbedrings forslag.
29
Amezquita, Tony. "Lean remanufacturing in the automotive industry." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/23166.
30
Karlsson, Emil, and Jacob Öman. "LEAN I BYGGBRANSCHEN : -En studie om hur svenska företag inombyggbranschen arbetar med och resonerar kring Lean." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för ekonomi, teknik och naturvetenskap, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-37223.
Abstract:
År 2017 befinner sig Sverige i en bostadsbrist och de kommande sju åren finns det ett behov av 600 000 nya bostäder. Samtidigt så är produktiviteten i byggbranschen låg jämfört med andra tillverkande branscher och kostnaderna för att producera en bostad i Sverige är högst i hela EU. Det finns därför ett behov av att öka produktiviteten i den svenska byggbranschen. Inom tillverkningsbranschen implementerades tidigt produktionsteorin Lean vilket har visat sig öka produktiviteten. Leankonceptet har sedan spridit sig till övriga branscher och däribland byggbranschen. Syftet med studien är att öka förståelsen för hur svenska företag inom byggbranschen använder sig av och resonerar kring hur Lean kan bidra till en ökad produktivitet. Studien har en kvalitativ ansats. Respondenterna i studien kommer från olika delar av byggbranschen för att få ett bredare perspektiv av hur Lean används inom byggbranschen. Urvalet består av två större byggföretag, ett VVS-bolag och en materialleverantör/logistik-bolag. För att förstå hur dessa företag resonerar och arbetar med Lean har fyra semistrukturerade intervjuer genomfört. Studien visar att inget av de intervjuade företagen arbetar fullt ut med Lean men att de använder sig av vissa verktyg eller modeller från Leankonceptet. Respondenterna hade en positiv uppfattning till Lean och dess implementering i byggbranschen sett till produktivitet.
31
Ahlander, Alfred, and Pontus Ekroth. "Kommunikationsmodell för APD-plan vid användning av materialrutor och gångstråk." Thesis, Tekniska Högskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, JTH, Byggnadsteknik och belysningsvetenskap, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-36816.
Abstract:
Syfte: Platsbyggd byggnadsproduktion är en komplicerad process. En tillfällig fabrik, med nya materialupplag och nytt arbetsplatsområde upprättas vid varje enskilt projekt, vilket komplicerar processen ytterligare. Materialhanteringen utgör en stor besparingsmöjlighet i byggnadsprojekt och 40 % av tiden som förloras på en byggarbetsplats kan tillskrivas materialhantering. För att få bukt med slöseri kopplat till materialhantering krävs en väl bearbetad logistikplanering, fungerande kommunikation samt kunskapsbeaktning från tidigare genomförda projekt. Studiens mål är därför att identifiera förbättringsåtgärder gällande användning av materialrutor och gångstråk, samt skapa en kommunikationsmodell för arbetsplatsdispositionsplanen (APD-planen) som stödjer erfarenhetsåterföring. Metod: Studien har utfört fallstudier på två projekt inom NCC:s organisation. Kvalitativ datainsamling i form av litteraturstudie, intervjuer, dokumentanalys och observation har använts. Semistrukturerade intervjuer har utförts och innefattar sju respondenter med olika befattningar inom byggbranschen. Resultat: Studien har tagit fram faktorer som bör beaktas vid planeringen av materialrutor och gångstråk. Vidare visar resultatet att det krävs resurser och strukturerade processer för att erfarenhetsåterföring i byggnadsprojekt skall fungera. För att lyckas med användningen av materialrutor och gångstråk krävs god kommunikation av APD-planen. I studien har även en kommunikationsmodell av APDplanen som stödjer erfarenhetsåterföring tagits fram. Konsekvenser: Det är under inköps- och leveransplaneringen som förutsättningarna för materialrutor och gångstråk sätts, därför bör APD-planen vara mer i fokus under detta skede. En förutsättning för att användningen av materialrutor och gångstråk skall fungera är att det finns resurser som stödjer platsledningen vid planering och utförandet. Genom att använda sig av logistikresurser inom organisationen underlättas planering och hantering av material på byggarbetsplatsen och insamlade erfarenheter kan förmedlas mellan projekt. Ute i produktionen bör det finnas en ansvarig godsmottagare som är extra insatt i APD-planen och materialrutor, genom kontinuerlig kommunikation med platsledning och logistikresurs. Begränsningar: Eftersom arbetet endast omfattar studie av två byggnadsprojekt finns det en begränsning i vilka faktorer och resonemang som lyfts fram. Även om resultatet grundas från två byggnadsprojekt är de grundläggande processerna och händelseförloppen vid uppförande av byggnader likartade och resultatet kan därför tillämpas på liknande byggnadsprojekt.Purpose: On-site construction is a complicated process. A temporary factory, with new zones for materials and workplace area must be established for each new project, which complicates the process further. Material management stands for a big saving opportunity in building projects and 40 % of the time lost on a construction site can be attributed to material management. To overcome this waste connected to material management a well-processed logistics planning, god communication as well as experience feedback from previous projects is required. The aim for this thesis is therefore to identify improvement measure regarding the use of material-dedicated buffer zones and walking paths, and as well as create a model of communication that supports experience feedback. Method The thesis is a case study on two projects within the organization of NCC. A qualitative data collection with literature review, interviews, document analysis and observation has been conducted. Semi-structured interviews have been conducted and includes seven respondents with different position within the construction industry. Findings: The thesis has produced factors that should be taken into consideration when material zones and walking paths are planned. The result shows that resources and structured processes are required if experience feedback should work during the construction project. To succeed with the use of material-dedicated buffer zones and walking paths, good communication of the construction site plan is needed. Furthermore, the thesis has resulted in a model of communication that supports experience feedback. Implications: It’s during the purchase and delivery planning that the conditions for the material-dedicated buffer zones and walking paths are set, therefore the construction site planning should be involved more in this phase. A prerequisite for using dedicated material zones and walking paths are resources which supports the construction management with planning and performance. By using logistic resources within the organization facilitates planning and management of material at the construction site, enables that collected experience can be conveyed between projects. In the production there should be a responsible receiver of material deliveries, who is extra briefed in the constructions site plan and the material-dedicated buffer zones through continuous communication with the construction management and logistic resource. Limitations: Since the thesis only includes two building projects, there is a limitation of the factors and arguments that are treated. Although the result is based on two building projects the fundamental processes and course of events are similar and can therefore be applied on other building projects.
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Svensson, Kristoffer. "Erfarenhetsåterföring : Vad skapar en bra erfarenhetsåterföring och hur den kan implementeras i ett traditionellt byggföretag." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för tillämpad fysik och elektronik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-182823.
Abstract:
Erfarenhetsåterföring (EF) leder till flera fördelar som ökat resultat och nöjdare kunder. Det traditionella byggandet saknar en metod och modell för erfarenhetsåterföring. Det industriella byggandet har kommit längre i arbetet med erfarenhetsåterföring men generellt finns det utrymme för en bättre erfarenhetsåterföring inom byggbranschen. Inom tillverkningsindustrin arbetas det framgångsrikt med erfarenhetsåterföring genom ständiga förbättringar och Lean. Studiens syfte var att undersöka hur industriella byggare och tillverkningsindustrin arbetar med erfarenhetsåterföring och hur det kan implementeras hos en traditionell byggentreprenör. Genom frågan vad som skapar en bra erfarenhetsåterföring var målet att utforma en modell för implementering av erfarenhetsåterföring hos målföretaget Contractor. För att få inblick har en litteraturstudie genomförts, samt intervjuer med branschföretag. Studien visar att de industriella byggarna arbetar med dagliga möten och det finns en eller flera personer med ansvar för erfarenhetsåterföringen. Inom tillverkningsindustrin använder de inte begreppet erfarenhetsåterföring även fast syftet och målet är detsamma som hos byggsektorn; att förbättra och nå ett högre resultat. Därför kan begreppet erfarenhetsåterföring användas i båda branscher men tillverkningsindustrin arbetar mer systematiskt. De har en starkare kultur och ser ett större värde i arbetet eftersom det är högre prioriterat. Det som visat sig skapa en bra erfarenhetsåterföring är först och främst när företagsledningen har en tydlig strategi kopplat till erfarenhetsåterföring. Det ska finnas en person som driver arbetet med erfarenhetsåterföring, en koordinator som skapar ett dragande efter erfarenheter. Strukturering av arbetet sker genom kontinuerlig användning av pulsmöten där avvikelser, förbättringar och planering diskuteras. Motiverade medarbetade behövs för att lyfta avvikelser och erfarenheter, där feedback och insyn i resultatet är viktigt för motivationen att rapportera. Avslutningsvis kan implementeringen av EF-modellen ske i ett pilotprojekt där arbetssätt med pulsmöten testas i en mindre skala för att sedan utvärderas och testas igen, för att sedermera fastställas. Det fastställda arbetssättet kan sedan spridas till fler arbetslag och till sist hela organisationen, där efterfrågande ledarskap fortsatt är viktigt. Det måste ständigt arbetas med frågan kring erfarenhetsåterföring, annars är den inte viktig.Experience feedback leads to several benefits such as increased results and more satisfied customers. Traditional construction lacks a method and model for experience feedback. Industrial construction has come a long way in the work with experience feedback, but in general there is room for a better experience feedback in the construction industry. In the manufacturing industry, they work successfully with experience feedback through continuous improvement and Lean. The purpose of the study was to investigate how industrial builders and the manufacturing industry work with experience feedback and how it can be implemented with a traditional construction company. Through the question of what creates a good experience feedback, the goal was to design a model for implementing experience feedback at the target company Contractor. To gain insight, a literature study was conducted, as well as interviews with industry companies. The study shows that the industrial builders work with daily meetings and there is one or more people responsible for the feedback of experience. In the manufacturing industry, they do not use the concept of experience feedback even though the purpose and goal are the same as in the construction sector; to improve and achieve a higher result. Therefore, the concept of experience feedback can be used in both industries, but the manufacturing industry works more systematically. They have a stronger culture and see a greater value in the work because it is a higher priority. What has been shown to create a good experience feedback is first and foremost when the company management has a clear strategy linked to experience feedback. There must be a person who drives the work with experience feedback, a coordinator who creates a desire for experience. Structuring of the work takes place through continuous use of pulse meetings where deviations, improvements and planning are discussed. Motivated employees are needed to highlight deviations and experiences, where feedback and transparency in the results is important for the motivation to report. Finally, the implementation of the EF model can take place in a pilot project where working methods with pulse meetings are tested on a smaller scale and then evaluated and tested again, to be determined later. The established way of working can then be spread to more work teams and finally the entire organization, where in-demand leadership remains important. The issue of experience feedback must be constantly worked on, otherwise it is not important.
33
Lofjärd, Anna. "Implementering av Lean Construction inom byggbranschen : Ett slöseri eller ett verktyg?" Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Akademin för textil, teknik och ekonomi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-23562.
Abstract:
I Sverige har bostadsbristen lagt ytterligare fokus på att bygga billigare och snabbare. Byggbranschen har konstanta krav på sig att bygga effektivare och samtidigt upprätthålla sin kvalitet. Branschen utvecklas hela tiden och många företag har skapat egna verktyg och metoder för att förbättra sin effektivitet samt kvalité. Ursprungsidéerna kommer från Toyotas produktionsidéer från 1900-talet. Därifrån har teorier om kvalitetstänk och effektivitet blivit populärt att implementera och begreppet har t ex utvecklats att inom byggbranschen kallas för Lean Contruction. Då det finns mycket teori inom området ansåg författaren att ämnet skulle vara relevant att undersöka samt hur Lean Construction fungerar i verkligheten. Därför är syftet med denna studie att undersöka om byggföretag skulle kunna tillämpa vissa verktyg och metoder som finns inom Lean Construction. Skulle dessa verktyg och metoder kunna generera mer effektivitet i byggföretagens dagliga arbete. För att kunna genomföra denna studie har frågeformulär skickats ut till tre olika byggföretag. I frågeformuläret fick respondenterna rangordna de olika verktyg och metoder som de ansåg hade effektivitet samt de som inte hade någon effektivitet. Där fick de svara på vilka verktyg och metoder inom Lean Construction som de trodde skulle kunna förbättra sin effektivitet och om de redan själva arbetade efter någon metod som skulle höja deras effektivitet. De flesta av respondenterna visste vad Lean Construction är för något, men alla hade inte använt sig av det. Mellan de olika företagen skiljde det sig på vad de ansåg var effektivt arbete och ej. För att fastställa uppsatsens metod har en bred undersökningsstudie gällande metoder gjorts, de olika metoderna har avvägts mellan varandra för att undersöka vilken som skulle komplettera insamlad data. Genom att använda sig av frågeformulär och insamlad teori, valdes en kvalitativ metod. Fördelen med detta val av metod är att författaren kan jämföra insamlad data med teorin. Författaren valde att endast använda sig av tre olika byggföretag då studien inte skulle bli generaliserande utan få en mer öppen och tolkande bild av hur det ser ut i byggbranschen. För att kunna besvara syftet har författarens gjort begränsningar, detta genom att endast fokusera på de verktyg och metoder som finns inom Lean som skulle kunna bidra till en högre effektivitet hos byggföretag. Utifrån respondenternas svar framkom att metoder inom 5S kan tillämpas inom byggbranschen. Den insamlade teorin och den empiriska datan analyserades och ledde fram till slutsatsen. Studiens slutsats visar på att 5S metoden är den metod som lättast kan tillämpas inom byggbranschen. Respondenterna ansåg att några av de metoderna inom 5S redan arbetades efter dagligen.In Sweden housing has been given further focus to build cheaper and faster. Construction have constant requirements to build more effective and at the same time maintain their quality. The industry evolves all the time and many businesses have created own tools and methods to keep improving the efficiency and quality of their work. The original ideas came from Toyotas production ideas from the early 1900. The theories about quality thinking and efficiency have been popular to implement and the concept has for example developed within construction and is called Lean Construction. Since there is a lot of theory within the field the writer felt that the subject should be relevant to examine and see how Lean Construction is working in reality. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate if the construction firm should be able to implement some tools and methods that you can find within Lean Construction. Would these tools and methods be able to generate more efficiency in the construction firm’s daily work. To be able to implement this study, a questionnaire has been sent out to 3 different construction firms. In the questionnaire the respondents rank the different tools and methods they thought had efficiency and the one’s that didn’t have any efficiency. Where they answered which tools and methods within Lean construction that they thought would improve the efficiency and if they already have worked by a method that should rise the efficiency. Most of the respondents have heard of the Lean Construction before but not everyone had used it. Between the different construction firm’s opinions about what kind of methods about efficiency varied. A wide study of different methods was made to determine what kind of methods should be used when writing this essay, the different methods have been balanced between each other to determine which should complete the collected data. By using the questionnaire and collected theory, a qualitative method was selected. The benefit with this method was that the writer could compare the collected data with the theory. The writer chose only 3 construction firms so that the study shouldn’t be generalized but instead be more open for interpretive picture of how the work within construction looks like. To be able to answer the purpose, the writer set some limitations, by only focusing on the tools and methods within Lean that should contribute to a higher efficiency at the construction firm. Through the respondents answer it emerged that methods within 5S can be applied within construction. The collected theory and the empirical data were analyzed and led to the conclusion. The study showed that the 5s method is the easiest method to implement at the construction firm. Respondents meant that some of the methods within 5S already is applied in their daily work.
34
Ruokamo, Marika, and Sofia Viklund. "Lean Mognadsmodell för industriellt byggande- LMI." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för tillämpad fysik och elektronik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-184814.
Abstract:
The building industry has issues with efficiency and waste where only 3-20 % of the activities in a process are of value. The production philosophy Lean, has been shown to reduce waste and also increase efficiency. Lean derives from Toyota Production System and involves, among other things, reducing waste, standardizing processes and continuous improvements while maintaining focus on the customer. To value how Lean a company is, there are different Lean maturity models that can be used. For industrialized housing there has been a lack of a maturity model which can be used to evaluate their Lean maturity. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to develop a Lean maturity model within industrialized housing with production in focus, where developing opportunities are shown for continuing work with Lean. This study has developed a specific Lean mature model for industrialized housing (LMI) where categories that are relevant for evaluation of the maturity level have been developed. Test of LMI from theory have shown that it works. The companies participating in the study that have an ongoing Lean work consider the categories relevant and accurate, with small changes to function entirely. For the study it can therefore be concluded that an evaluation model for Lean maturity in the industrialized housing can appear according to the reports descriptions. The companies participating in this study have in multiple categories reached different levels. In common there is a lack of methods for distributing and collecting experiences. Furthermore, LMI indicates that Swedish industrialized housing in general have extended understanding about Lean. This can be compared to traditional on-site construction where the efficiency and Lean maturity still in general can be considered low. Lean can therefore be seen as a success factor with waste and continuous improvements in focus. The conclusion of this study shows potential improvements within experience feedback amongst the companies working in industrialized housing.
35
Elkherbawy, Ahmed Abdelbasset. "Lean construction versus Project Management in road projects : scheduling comparison." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/668908.
Abstract:
Lean Construction is regarded as an innovative approach of management for various types of projects in the field of construction. As much as it is currently applied in some countries, its expansion is inevitable, for better overall results are obtained and the projects’ objectives are met more precisely. Despite the fact that Lean Construction offers solutions to many problems occurring under the traditional management approach known as the Project Management (PM), the scope of its application is not as promising. Countries where Lean Construction is minimally applied include the United States of America and the United Kingdom besides other countries in Europe and Latin America. However, it is still not applied to a more exhaustive extent in these countries and is completely missing in many others around the world. This study primarily focuses on the application of Lean Construction to Infrastructure, specifically road projects; investigating Lean Construction solutions to the time wastes. Through conducting a case study research, this work focuses on investigating the impact of applying Last Planner System as a Lean Construction tool on the elimination of Non-Value Added (NVA) activities, that is, wastes in a highway project in Cairo, Egypt. This study includes a State of Art on both Project Management approach and Lean Construction. The study applies a comparative approach between the application of Project Management approach and Lean Construction in road projects. Hence, the researcher conducted different simulations of the studied road project, taking into account the two approaches (Project Management and Lean Construction), then obtaining the simulations results. Two parameters are used as comparison criteria: Percentage Plan Complete (PPC) and Percentage Activity Waste (PAW). The later (PAW) is a new parameter introduced by the researcher to investigate its results before/after applying the Lean Construction tools. Findings of the study support the research hypothesis that the application of Lean Construction approach to road projects enhances productivity through eliminating time-related wastes and decreasing the project duration. This research supports the argument that road projects can benefit greatly from the application of Lean Construction instead of the traditional approach.Lean Construction es considerado como un enfoque innovador para la gestión de diversos tipos de proyectos en el campo de la construcción. Por más que se aplique actualmente en algunos países, su expansión es inevitable, ya que se obtienen mejores resultados generales y los objetivos de los proyectos se cumplen con mayor precisión. A pesar del hecho de que Lean Construction ofrece soluciones a muchos problemas que ocurren bajo el enfoque de administración tradicional conocido como Gestión de Proyectos (Project Management, PM), el alcance de su aplicación no es tan prometedor. Los países en los que se aplica mínimamente el Lean Construction son los Estados Unidos de América y el Reino Unido, además de otros países de Europa y América Latina. Sin embargo, todavía no se aplica de manera más exhaustiva en estos países y está completamente ausente en muchos otros en todo el mundo. Este estudio se centra principalmente en la aplicación de el Lean Construction a Infraestructura, específicamente en proyectos viales; Investigando soluciones de Lean Construction para los desperdicios del tiempo. A través de la realización de una investigación de estudio de caso, este trabajo se enfoca en investigar el impacto de la aplicación del Sistema Last Planner como una herramienta Lean Construction en la eliminación de actividades sin valor agregado (NVA), es decir, desechos en un proyecto vial en El Cairo, Egipto. Este estudio incluye un estado del arte tanto en el enfoque de gestión tradicional de proyectos Project Management como en Lean Construction. El estudio se aplica a un enfoque comparativo entre la aplicación del enfoque de el Project Management y el Lean Construction en proyectos viales. Por lo tanto, el investigador realizó diferentes simulaciones del proyecto de carretera estudiado, teniendo en cuenta los dos enfoques (Project Management y Lean Construction), y luego obtuvo los resultados de las simulaciones. Se utilizan dos parámetros como criterios de comparación: Plan de porcentaje completado (PPC) y Porcentaje de residuos de actividad (PAW). El último (PAW) es un nuevo parámetro introducido por el investigador para investigar sus resultados antes / después de aplicar las herramientas de el Lean Construction. Los hallazgos del estudio apoyan la hipótesis de la investigación de que la aplicación del enfoque de Lean Construction a los proyectos viales aumenta la productividad al eliminar los desechos relacionados con el tiempo y disminuir la duración del proyecto. Esta investigación apoya el argumento de que los proyectos viales pueden mejorarse en gran medida con la aplicación de el Lean Construction en lugar del enfoque tradicional el Project Management.
36
Fosse, Roar. "Forbedring av arbeid på byggeplass ved operasjonsanalyse og Lean Construction." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for bygg, anlegg og transport, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-25809.
Abstract:
Byggebransjen har stort forbedringspotensial på flere viktige områder, blant annet produktivitet, kvalitet, læring av feil og andelen tid som brukes til verdiskapende arbeid. Disse forholdene kan knyttes til gjennomføringsmodellen og den grunnleggende tenke- og væremåten i prosjektene. Lean Construction, byggebransjens svar på Lean Production en alternativ tilnærming til bygge-prosjekter og har sitt opphav fra Toyota. For å overleve i en presset japansk bilbransje på midten av 1900-tallet skapte Toyota et svært suksessfullt produksjonssystem nesten fritt for sløsing (lean er slank på norsk). Lean var likevel ikke et sett med regler, men en dyptgripende tenke- og væremåte; en filosofi. Man har lenge ønsket å få liknende effektivitet som Toyota i byggsammenheng, men å implementere Lean har vist seg å være tid- og ressurskrevende grunnet en konservativ bransje.Denne masteroppgaven undersøker i hvor stor grad arbeidsoperasjoner kan forbedres med operasjonsanalyse og tiltak basert på Lean-Construction-prinsipper. I en case studie implementeres Lean Construction kun på én operasjon (ett arbeidslags arbeid), som analyseres med analyseverktøy og mulige forbedringer foreslås av fagarbeiderne i laget. Forslag med rot i Lean Construction-teori inkluderes i en revidert utgave av operasjonen som testes i case studiens siste uke. Tidsbruken ble redusert med 47,4% fra 71,25 til 37,5 timer og kostnadene med 20% fra 150 til 120 timeverk per produserte etasje. I tillegg ble akkordbeløpet redusert ved å fjerne unødvendige oppgaver og bevegelser. Fagarbeiderne vil likevel tjene mer siden de produserer mer per tidsenhet enn opprinnelig. Noe kvalitative forbedringer var bedre ergonomi, jevnere fremdrift på de enkelte oppgaver og mer klarhet i forhold til andre fag ved fysisk visualisering av arbeidsområde.Oppgavens hensikt er at fremgangsmåten fra case studien skal inngå i Skanskas standardiserings-arbeid. Man vil bruke kartleggingen fra analysene av den standardiserte operasjonen som basis for samarbeid mellom arbeidslag ved andre prosjekter og regioner for å etablere en god felles praksis og deretter bruke hverandres kompetanse til å stadig forbedre denne standard praksisen.
37
Dauber, Volker Ferdinand. "Measuring and minimising waste in construction by applying lean thinking." Thesis, University of Dundee, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.445871.
38
Taguchi, Hiroshi 1973. "Application of lean enterprise concept to construction firms in Japan." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/29397.
Abstract:
Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2004.Includes bibliographical references (p. 79-80).
Construction firms in Japan are struggling with the change in construction industry environment and need a new business model to meet the change. On the other hand, Japanese manufacturing companies, especially automobile companies, are at their peak standing on their strong production system, which is called the lean production system. The lean production system has its origin in the Japanese automobile industry and has changed the dynamics of international competition of the manufacturing industry. The construction industry is a non-manufacturing business; however, lean concepts could assist in the development of a new business model in the construction context. This thesis derived lean concepts from the manufacturing industry and examined their applicability for construction firms in Japan, by exploring the business processes of the Japanese construction industry from three perspectives: the production level, the enterprise level, and the extended enterprise level. This thesis revealed that the peculiarities of the construction industry created barriers to reap the full benefit of the lean transformation at the production and the enterprise level. This thesis concluded that the Japanese construction industry should apply lean concepts at the extended enterprise level. A case study of a new airport construction project in Japan supported this conclusion.
by Hiroshi Taguchi.
S.M.
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AlSehaimi, Abdullah. "Improving construction planning practice in Saudi Arabia by means of lean construction principles and techniques." Thesis, University of Salford, 2011. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/42997/.
Abstract:
The research presented in this thesis identifies problems related to project management that could lead to delay in construction projects and seeks to provide practical solutions. Its main aim is to improve construction planning practice by implementing practical solutions to eliminate or reduce the impacts of causes of delay in Saudi Arabia. It begins by analyzing work by other researchers in the field to identify the state of the art. Causes of delay are examined to gain insight into the controllable managerial factors related to poor project management and to seek practical solutions. This involves investigation of the available solutions, where the theory and the practice of current project management, particularly construction planning, are examined. The literature reveals that traditional project management tools and practices are inadequate in the current era of speedy and complex projects. Accordingly, the implementation of innovative Lean Construction principles and techniques is proposed. Among these, this research tests the applicability of the best known technique, the Last Planner System (LPS). To implement such techniques and so overcome the many problems in construction practice, including delay, there is a need for approaches more effective than traditional research methods such as interviews, observation and questionnaires. These new approaches should allow researchers to influence practice and play an active role with practitioners. Consequently, this research study is based on action research, i. e. a collaborative effort between participant organisations and the researcher as facilitator. In practice, the work examines the effectiveness of implementing LPS to improve the construction planning and control process, aiming to minimize related causes of delay by bringing together empirical data showing the implementation of Lean Construction techniques in two state-funded construction projects in Saudi Arabia. The work synthesises two action research studies, examining and interpreting the results of interviews and questionnaire surveys, then makes recommendations to relevant parties for the implementation of Lean Construction in Saudi Arabia. Major benefits are demonstrated in terms of improving management practice, while various causes of delay can be identified and dealt with regularly. Results of interviews, observations and questionnaires reveal the benefits achieved, the critical success factors and the potential obstacles to the implementation of LPS. The findings reinforce those of LPS studies in other countries, with some differences. In the light of the benefits achieved, it can be stated that LPS is a universal technique applicable to different contexts. The results also indicate that Lean principles provide convenient tools for improving management practice in construction projects. It is evident that their adoption via action research helps construction practitioners to understand their problems better, thus providing satisfying solutions. Further, the management process can be enhanced through continuous improvement and assessment, thus improving project delivery in terms of cost, time and quality.
40
Figueiredo, Duarte Maria Almeida Godinho Rêgo. "Tornando lean mais lean – uma nova abordagem da elaboração do mapeamento do fluxo de valor com base em sinergias lean construction e PMBOK." Master's thesis, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/9900.
Abstract:
Dissertação para obtenção do Grau Mestre em
Engenharia Civil – Perfil de ConstruçãoO Mapeamento do Fluxo de Valor (MFV) é a ferramenta principal da filosofia Lean. Na elabora-ção MFV é muito difícil de quantificar desperdícios, corrigi-los, propor soluções e quantificar a eficácia do mesmo. É essencial que o desenvolvimento do MFV seja rápido, eficiente e sem desperdícios. Em construção há grande dificuldade na elaboração MFV, porque as tarefas não são repetitivas, nem as condições de realização iguais. Assim a elaboração do MFV é muitas vezes difícil e realizada sem fluxo contínuo o que leva uma ferramenta Lean muitas vezes a não ser Lean na sua essência. Por essa razão o método de elaboração de MFV proposto neste estudo tem o objectivo de tornar a elabora-ção do MFV mais lean, ou seja, com menos desperdícios e mais eficaz. O método de elaboração de MFV apresentado é baseado nas diretrizes propostas pelo Shook e Rother (1998), mas utilizando termos proposto pelo PMBOK para a gestão de projectos. A utilização do PMBOK é explicada pelo reconhecimento de um grande número de gestores de nível mundial, da eficácia de algumas orientações propostas por este guia. A utilização conjunta do PMBOK e filosofia do Lean no desenvolvimento da MFV tem como objectivo padronização do método de elaboração do MFV. Os casos de estudos realizados tiveram como base a comparação entre MFV preparado com e sem o método proposto. Esta comparação é possível porque as actividades eram semelhantes, na quantidade de trabalho e da cadeia de sub-actividades. No caso de estudo foi observado que o desenvolvimento da MFV com o método proposto torna a ferramenta mais Lean, na sua vertente de elaboração, fica mais rápida, e na vertente de qualidade do mesmo, por ter mais informação, o que possibilita a sua melhor utilização para a passagem para o MFV futuro.
41
Khoogar, Saman. "Mot en standardiserad NCC Projektstudio." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för bygg- energi- och miljöteknik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-22078.
Abstract:
Deliver cost-effective and error-free products that meet customers´ demands and needs within the defined time frame, is the project team’s main goal. The modern project management includes tenfold consultants with different expertise that contribute with new knowledge in diverse phases. This type of management requires good communication and information flow between participing consultants. Therefore, NCC has developed a project management method called NCC Projektstudio, which has influences of Lean Construction and Lean Philosophy. The aim of this study is to identify opportunities for improvement that facilitates consultants’ involvement in the early stage of NCC Projektstudio but also throughout the whole project management phase. This thesis consists of an interview study and a background research which clarifies important principles behind NCC Projektstudio. The study indicates that better and more clarity is required as early as possible throughout the project management phase. This should lead to better conditions for the consultants’ involvement in the early stage.Att leverera kostandeffektiva och felfria produkter som lever upp till kundernas önskemål och behov under den bestämda tidsramen är projekteringsgruppens främsta mål. Då dagens projektering innefattar tiotal konsulter med olika expertis som tillför nya kunskaper i skiftande faser krävs allt bättre kommunikation och informationsöverföring mellan berörda aktörer. Således har NCC tagit fram projekteringsmetodiken NCC Projektstudio (PS) som har influenser av Lean Construction och Lean filosofin. Syftet med detta examensarbete är att identifiera vilka förbättringsmöjligheter leder till underlättning av konsulternas involvering i det tidiga skedet inför PS-projekt men också under hela projekteringsfasen. Arbetet omfattas av en bakgrundstudie som behandlar de viktiga grundprinciper bakom projekteringsmetodiken NCC Projektstudio samt en intervjustudie. En helhetsbedömning av bakgrundstudien och intervjustudien tyder på ett gemensamt önskemål från samtliga parter att det krävs större tydlighet, i så tidigt skede som möjligt. Detta ska leda till bättre förutsättningar för konsulternas involvering i det tidiga projekt skedet.
42
Eriksson, Michaela. "Utvärdering av byggprojekts tillämpning av Lean Construction i produktionen : framtagning av en mognadsmodell." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-76078.
Abstract:
Till skillnad mot tillverkningsbranschen, med bland annat Toyota i spetsen, har byggbranschens försök till ökad produktivitet förblivit låg under de senaste 40 åren. Tillverkningsindustrin har nått goda resultat genom tillämpning av Lean Production. Lean handlar i huvudsak om att mi- nimera slöseri och maximera värde. Slöseri finns i olika former och en definition utifrån Lean är de åtta slöserierna: överproduktion, väntan, transport, överarbete, lager, rörelse, omarbete och outnyttjad kreativitet. Målet med examensarbetet var att utveckla en mognadsmodell som utvärderar byggarbetsplatsers tillämpning av Lean Construction med utgångspunkt i de åtta slöserierna, som ska kunna användas som en mall för förbättringsåtgärder. Studien, som framförallt antagit en kvalitativ forskningsstrategi, är en utforskande studie som har svarat på hur byggarbetsplatser kan utvärderas utifrån Lean med de åtta slöserierna som grund. Forskningsansatsen är deduktiv i och med att mognadsmodellen utvecklats utifrån be- fintlig teori, för att användas och testas i verkliga situationer. För att försäkra om validitet har framförallt triangulering använts. Även granskning av båda handledarna har tillfört till validi- teten. Reliabilitet har eftersträvats genom dokumentation och kontinuerlig kontakt med hand- ledare. Mognadsmodellen består av 20 kategorier som på olika sätt har en grund i de åtta slöserierna. Dessa kategorier bedöms på en nivåskala 1-5, där nivå ett innebär lägst tillämpning, och nivå fem innebär högst tillämpning. Resultatet från utvärderingarna visade att det skiljer sig åt något mellan de olika byggarbetsplatserna trots att de utförs av samma företag, och att det finns för- bättringspotential. Analysen visade på att majoriteten av kategorierna behöver någon form av ändring, främst ge- nom uppdelning av kategorier i en eller flera olika kategorier, eller omformulering av kategorier som inte fungerade riktigt utifrån verkligheten som framkom under platsbesöken. Samtidigt framkom det att vissa kategorier överlappade varandra, och att det var svårt att hålla reda på alla kategorier och tillhörande beskrivningar vid testen. Detta är en indikator på att modellen bör bli mer kompakt och inte lika begränsande. Modellen analyserades också utifrån en analys- modell för att utreda när en mognadsmodell som den som utvecklades kan användas. Examensarbetet hade dragit nytta av att utföras av två personer eftersom en kvalitativ studie som denna innebär subjektivitet vilken hade blivit mer objektiv om två perspektiv hade funnits med. Utgångspunkten till modellen som var de åtta slöserierna anses i efterhand varit lite för snäv eftersom det finns andra områden inom Lean som också anses vara viktiga, exempelvis säkerhet. Om modellen hade testats innan den primära undersökningen påbörjades hade detta kunnat upptäckas, och modellen hade redan då kunnat omformulerats innan de huvudsakliga platsbesöken. Mer utveckling och forskning bör ta vid efter detta arbete. Det finns fem stycken fokusområden som en mognadsmodell bör innehålla för att utreda till- lämpningen av Lean Construction, vilka kan delas upp i fler kategorier som inte bör vara för omfattande. Resultatet visar på att det skiljer sig åt mellan de undersökta byggproduktionerna inom fyra kategorier, men anledningen bakom detta är okänt. Mognadsmodellen är utvecklad på ett sådant sätt att den kan användas vid förbättringsarbetet och utvecklingen av tillämpningen av Lean Construction.In comparison to the manufacturing industry, with companies such as Toyota in the lead, the construction industries attempt to increase productivity has remained low for the past 40 years. The manufacturing industry has achieved great results by working with Lean Production. Lean at is core is about minimise waste and maximise value. Waste comes in many forms, and one definition is the eight wastes of Lean: overproduction, waiting, transportation, extra processing, inventory, motion, defects and non-utilized talent. The objective with the master thesis was to develop a maturity model that evaluate construction sites involvement with Lean Construction based on the eight wastes of Lean, and that it should be possible to use the model as a template for improvements. The master thesis, which foremost has a qualitative research strategy, is an exploratory study that has answered on how construction sites can be assessed by Lean with the base of the eight wastes of Lean. The research approach is deductive since the maturity model has been devel- oped by using existing theory in order to assess construction sites in real situations. To ensure validity a work procedure by triangulation has been used. The supervisors reviewing the work has also contributed to the validity. The reliability has been sought by documentation and con- tact with supervisors continuously. The maturity model consists of 20 categories that in different ways has a base in the eight wastes of Lean. These categories are assessed by a level scale 1-5, where level one is the lowest im- plementation, and level five is the highest implementation. The results from the assessments showed that there are differences between the construction sites even though they are performed by the same company, and that there is potential for improvements. The analysis suggests that the majority of the categories need some sort of modification. Mainly by sectioning some categories into two or more categories, or reformulation of categories that did not work based on reality that appeared during the site visits. It also appeared that some categories overlapped each other, and that it was hard remembering all the categories with its descriptions when testing the model. This imply that the model should be more compact and less limiting. The maturity model was also analysed by an analysis model to investigate when a maturity model like the one that has been developed could be used. The master thesis would have improved if it had been performed with a co-writer since a qual- itative study like this result in subjectivity which had been more objective if there would have been two perspective. The base for the maturity model which was the eight wastes of Lean is considered, now afterwards, to be a little too narrow since there is other areas in Lean Con- struction which are considered to be important, such as security. If the maturity model would have been tested before the primary assessments it could have been realised and thereby mod- ified before the site visits. More development and research have to be done after this thesis is presented. There are five focus areas which should be included in a maturity model in order to assess the application of Lean Construction, these could be divided into several categories as long as they aren’t too extensive. The result shows that there is a difference between the investigated build- ing productions in four categories, but the reason behind this is unknown. The maturity model has been developed in such a way that it can be used in the improvement work and the devel- opment of the application of Lean Construction.
43
Storm, Andreas. "Effektivisering av parkeringshusbyggnationer: En fallstudie av spännbalkssystem." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Industriellt och hållbart byggande, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-81221.
Abstract:
Spännbalksystem är ett stomsystem helt i betong, där en platsgjuten platta samverkar med prefabricerade förspända balkar. Systemet används bland annat vid olika parkeringshusbyggnationer som gynnas av stora spännvidder och få pelare. Metoden genererar ett mer hållbart stomsystem på grund av mindre materialåtgång och längre livslängd. Slutprognoser från parkeringshusbyggnationer visar att det är svårt att uppnå de kalkylerade enhetstiderna för valvbyggnation där spännbalksystem har använts. Prognoserna visar att byggtiderna har blivit längre och att kostnaderna har ökat på grund av rörligakostnader så som till exempel mark- och maskinhyra. Formhyran vid valvbyggnation upptar en stor del av kostnaden för entreprenören. Det ligger i både entreprenörens och beställarens intresse att minska osäkerheten och avvikelserna från kalkylen i projektet. Därför har en fallstudie genomförts. Två olika studieobjekt har undersökts som benämns Ö1 och V1; Östergötland 1 och Västmanland 1. Fallstudieföretaget är verksamt inom både hus- och anläggningsprojekt i norden. Fallstudieföretaget har en lång erfarenhet från parkeringshusbyggnationer med spännbalkssystem. En processkartläggning har genomförts av de två studieobjekten som båda har haft en projektsumma på strax över 100 miljoner kronor och har genererat över 400 parkeringsplatser. En separat gjutetapp för valv har studerats för Ö1 och V1 där arbetsmomenten vid valvbyggnation har specialstuderats. Vid arbetsmomenten har begränsning, slöseri och beslutsfattande kartlagts och analyserats med litteratur avseende Lean Construction och flakhalsteori. En logistiker på fallstudieföretaget intervjuades för att validera metoden och resultaten i detta arbete. Förbättringsförslag framtogs med avseende på kostnadsbesparingar och produktivitetsökningar. Förslagen avser främst personalförsörjning och produktionsplanering. En ny tankemodell har framtagits. Den visar hur produktionsstrategin och beslutsfattande från tidigare processer påverkar varandra och kan generera flaskhalsar och slöserier i produktionen. Om oönskade slöserier och flaskhalsar uppstår måste nya beslut fattas vilket innebär att produktionsstrategin måste förändras. Flaskhals, slöseri och beslutsfattande är ömsesidigt beroende av varandra och är svåra att isolera var och för sig. Begränsningen i studien är att det endast har gjorts observationer hos ett fallstudieföretag. Processkartläggningen är därmed inte representativ för alla valvbyggnationer med spännbalkssystem i nya parkeringshus. Det kan finnas andra aktörer på marknaden som använder sig av andra processer som inte är kartlagda i detta examensarbete. Min hypotes med att implementera Lean Construction inom byggnation av parkeringshus med spännbalksystem har visat sig användbar för att minimera kostnader och öka effektiviteten.
44
ATTERSTRÖM, VICTOR, and HENRIC THEORIN. "Continuous Improvements – The Key to Industrial Construction in Practice? : A case study at a large Swedish construction firm." Thesis, KTH, Industriell Management, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-159075.
Abstract:
Byggindustrin har länge tampats med en undermålig produktivitetsutveckling i förhållande till andra industrier och då speciellt processindustrin. Det har gjorts många försök att industrialisera byggandet för att dra nytta av standardiserade produkter och processer, i Sverige mest utmärkande under 60-talets miljonprogram vilket var kraftigt influerat av dåtidens rådande produktionsfilosofi - massproduktion. För närvarande baseras industrialiseringsarbetet på koncept från lean production där fokus ligger i att eliminera alla former av slöserier via det som kallas industriellt byggande. Syftet med denna rapport är att med hjälp av filosofier från lean production undersöka hur koncept från industriellt byggande appliceras i produktionen av bostäder där prefabricerade betongelement används. Anledningen till att detta perspektiv väljs baseras i att ett konceptuellt ramverk deriverat från lean production lämpar sig ytterst väl för att undersöka och analysera värdeflöden, speciellt i en produktionsmiljö. Ett av Sveriges största byggbolag, NCC AB, använder sig för närvarande av tekniska plattformar och konceptuella produkter för att industrialisera sin process vid upplåtandet hyresfastigheter med minimering av produktionskostnad och tid som huvudmål. En av huvudkomponenterna i produktionen av dessa bostäder är prefabricerade betongelement vilket gör att företaget lämpar sig ytterst väl för en fallstudie. Några av de huvudresultat som denna rapport utmynnat i är att det studerade företaget och i förlängningen hela byggbranschen dras med ett kraftigt eftersatt förbättringsarbete - continuous improvements vilket kan vara en av huvudförklaringarna till sektorns låga produktivitetsutveckling jämfört med processindustrins dito. Vidare har tre fokusområden tagits fram baserat på den utförda fallstudien som sedan ställts i relation till teori inom industriellt byggande. Dessa tre fokusområden har givits epitetet pelare för industrialisering och det argumenteras för att dessa pelare måste beaktas för att möjliggöra en framgångsrik industriell byggprocess.The construction industry has during a long time suffered from poor development in productivity compared to other industries, especially the manufacturing industry. Many initiatives for industrialization have been made during the past decade in order to benefit from standardized products and processes, in Sweden most notably through "Miljonprogrammet" in the 1960s. This era was heavily influenced by the prevailing production philosophy in the manufacturing industry at the time - mass production. Today the industrialization initiatives are based on concepts from lean production where the focus is upon eliminating all forms of waste through what is related to as industrial construction. This report is based on the purpose to, using lean philosophies and tools, investigate how concepts from industrial construction is applied in the production of residential buildings using prefabricated concrete elements. The perspective of lean production is chosen because it is suitable for the study of value flows, especially in a production environment. One of the largest Swedish construction firms - NCC AB, currently deploys technical platforms and conceptual products in order to industrialize the processes used to construct rental housing with production cost and time reduction in focus. One of the key components used are prefabricated concrete elements which means the company is suitable as a case study. Some of the main results extracted through this research is that the studied company and in extension the entire construction industry performs poorly in terms of continuous improvements. This could be a main explanation for the industry’s productivity development in comparison with other industries, especially the manufacturing industry. Further, three areas of particular importance are derived from the case study and compared to theory within industrial construction. These areas are, in this report, labeled pillars for industrialization and it is argued for that these pillars needs to be considered in order to enable a successful industrialized construction process.
45
Pagano, Nicola. "Innovazione e produttività nel settore delle costruzioni: applicazione dell'approccio Lean Construction." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2022.
Abstract:
Negli ultimi decenni il settore dell’edilizia è stato oggetto di una attenta fase di riesame che si è posta l’obiettivo di ottimizzare il processo di costruzione, minimizzando le risorse necessarie e, di conseguenza, massimizzando il profitto. La metodologia tradizionale risulta inefficacie ed inefficiente, diversi studi di settore riportano che la produttività delle costruzioni è fortemente ridotta se paragonata a quella di altri settori.
A partire dagli anni ’90, la diffusione nel settore edilizio della filosofia Lean ha cercato di innovare la pratica tradizionale consistente nella mera conversione di un input in un output. L’introduzione di concetti come flusso e valore permette sia una visione d’insieme che la considerazione di tutti i fattori impattanti sul processo edilizio.
La studio qui presente consiste nell’analisi e nell’applicazione della metodologia Takt time, pratica di Lean Management, alla ristrutturazione di un edificio residenziale costituito da otto unità immobiliari risalente alla fine degli anni ’60. L’intervento si inserisce nell’ambito delle recenti iniziative di agevolazione fiscale per la riqualificazione del patrimonio edilizio nazionale. Lo strumento presentato, derivante dal settore industriale, propone una differente organizzazione dell’attività lavorativa. Esso si basa sull’individuazione di singole aree nelle quali le attività vengono raggruppate in pacchetti di lavorazioni di uguale durata, la definizione di tale valore limite, definito proprio come tempo di takt, rappresenta la scelta progettuale principale. Attraverso la variazione delle aree, delle lavorazioni e della manodopera per esse necessaria si ha il rispetto del parametro di progetto prescelto. Infine, il cronoprogramma dei lavori, risultante dalla simulazione di applicazione della metodologia, è stato valutato e confrontato rispetto alla pratica tradizionale.
46
Mahashabde, Vedangi. "Comparison of Lean Construction in India and United States of America." TopSCHOLAR®, 2016. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/1728.
Abstract:
The concept of Lean Construction has been introduced successfully into the Construction Industry to increase efficiency and profit by elimination of non-value adding activities or ‘Waste’. Lean Construction is an adaptation of Lean manufacturing principles and is the future of the Construction Industry in developing as well as developed countries. There has been much study and documentation conducted on ‘Lean Construction’ in USA. Even though people have started practicing Lean in India, there is lack of documented information available about it. Professionals within the Industry could already be minimizing ‘Waste’ and/or following Lean principles without the knowledge of the term ‘Lean Construction’. This thesis has reviewed and compared Lean Construction practices and awareness in India and USA.
A questionnaire based study was used to examine practices and collect data about Construction for analysis. Descriptive statistics was primarily used to make inferences from the data. The Lean Construction characteristics of the construction professionals from both the countries were discussed and analyzed. It was inferred that the Construction Industry in both the countries could benefit further from the Lean practices and increase profitability by up to 25%. In general, personnel in the Construction Industry from both the countries need to receive regular knowledge and updates about Lean principles in order to optimize resources effectively.
47
Dugme, Fatma Zehra. "A Guide For Construction Companies T Apply Lean Six Sigma Methodology." Master's thesis, METU, 2008. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12609465/index.pdf.
Abstract:
ABSTRACT
A GUIDE FOR CONSTRUCTION COMPANIES TO APPLY LEAN SIX
SIGMA METHODOLOGY
DÜgME, Fatma Zehra M.S., Department of Civil Engineering Supervisor: Asst. Prof. Dr. Yasemin NIELSEN April 2008, 245 pages The construction sector is an immensely important industrial sector in terms of economic and social impact and also employment facilities. Nonetheless, much research has pointed out a gap in terms of labor productivity, quality, performance and responsiveness to customer needs when compared with other large industrial sectors
sectors that have recently experienced huge gains and cost reductions via methods like Lean Six Sigma. In this study, the construction industry will be examined for determination of the potential Lean Six Sigma implementation level and expected benefits from its use. The author conducted interviews with three companies in order to find out their readiness for such a management by innovation. One of the companies was selected for further study due to suitability of their organizational structure, innovative strategy and interest in this study. By taking up this pilot study and Lean Six Sigma principles as references, five roadmaps are generated as a guidance to implement Lean Six Sigma methodology for companies indicating the general steps before and during the implementation. The proposed roadmaps and applied questionnaire/interview questions developed in this thesis will also be helpful to construction companies to scrutinize their own structure and performance levels and as a guide on how to pursuit improvements through the proposed implementation of the Lean Six Sigma methodology.
48
Rodewohl, Christoph Friedrich. "The presence of Lean Construction principles in Norways transport infrastructure projects." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for bygg, anlegg og transport, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-27095.
Abstract:
The construction sector is tainted with a bad image and has a significant impact on the economic situation of a country. Claims for better and optimized processes are existent. The special properties of construction projects, especially their uniqueness, require a holistic understanding and make an adoption of the project team regarding the concerned context essential. A new way of thinking develops to cope with the complex and dynamic features. Lean has its roots in the manufacturing processes of the car industry. The body of literature of the approach called lean construction became overwhelming within a short period of time. The practical application within the construction sector isn't still highly developed. There are still a range of challenges implementing those methods from theory into practice which need to be solved. The thesis intends to make a contribution to broaden the application of lean and to provide knowledge implementing lean principles in practice. While examining Norwegians infrastructure projects with the help of case studies the researcher aims to prove the application of lean principles. The existence of lean principles is linked to the usage of lean tools and methods. There are two important sides introducing a new approach. The application of new processes is one aspect. New processes are depending on the appliers who implement them based on their experience and the way of thinking. LC means a paradigm shift in the way of thinking and requires commitment from all involved people. The approach scrutinizes the integration of the design and construction phase as well as the involvement of the client.To approach this topic the researcher divided the thesis into six chapters. The first part serves to introduce the topic and identifies the customer while presenting the objectives of the thesis. The second part presents the researchers approach for the literature part and the project work. The researcher presents the theory in the third chapter. This part deals with significant contributions as an excerpt from the huge body of literature. Chapter four reflects the case study and the collected data. The researcher is going to present the results of the examination phase by the chosen research method. In chapter five the data will be discussed and analysed matching the results with the theory part. With the help of collected data the task is to analyse the project management approach of SVV for the existence of lean principles and to prove the meaningfulness and application of lean ideas within the construction sector in general. The sixth part summarizes the results of the thesis and gives an outlook for further research work.
49
Gustafsson, Fredrik. "EFFEKTIVARE MATERIALHANTERING I PRODUKTIONEN HOS SMÅBYGGFÖRETAG- MED HJÄLP AV LEAN CONSTRUCTION." Thesis, Tekniska Högskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, JTH, Byggnadsteknik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-30408.
Abstract:
Purpose: The construction industry in Sweden has long had higher and increasingproduction costs compared with other industries. Construction costs for housing hasincreased in recent years, while productivity in the construction industry basically isthe same since the 1990s. 10 % of the construction costs relates to inefficient handlingof material. In order to improve production in recent decades there has been anincrease in adopting quality management among large companies, but this has notbeen established by small and medium sized enterprises (SME). The aim of this studywas to investigate how quality management tools such as 5S could be integrated intosmall construction companies in order to improve the companies’ material handling. Method: A case study has been conducted on a small construction company. Methodsused in the study was literature studies used to learn the frontiers of knowledge, semistructuredinterviews with owners, management and carpenters in the companycomplemented with unstructured observations at two different construction sites. Findings: The study investigated how 5S could be tailored to fit a small constructioncompany and also how this tool can make the handling of materials more efficient. At first wastes was identified in regard to material handling, which had the form ofunnecessary elements which create unnecessary costs. Wastes found in the study was composed of unnecessary transports or movements and excessive storage of materials.The study has also shown that a standardized routine for how the material should behandled was missing. A theoretical proposal for how these wastes could be reducedwas then produced. The proposal consists of a checklist based on 5S and the study'sempirical data. This checklist is intended to standardize the operation of deliveryreception and material moving. Implementation of the checklist can be done at bothlarge and small construction projects. Finally, the study investigates the requirementsof a small construction company to introduce a change in the organization. The studyfound that the requirements consists of a willingness in the organization to change andresources in terms of time, finances and personnel able to work with the change. Implications: By using the checklist in the planning of a construction site ensures thatthe materials are placed in the correct location and in the correct order, which is thepurpose of 5S. This reduces the movements that has to be made of the material. Usingthe checklist on the construction site for delivery reception contributes to materialbeing placed correctly and properly stored. This leads to reducing the rejection ofmaterial. Applying this routine entails that unnecessary costs are reduced, whichcontributes to reducing the total construction cost of the project. Limitations: Case study examines a small construction company and is notgeneralizable to large construction companies. Also other small constructioncompanies can have different conditions. The case study is based on interviews andobservations. Focus has been on 5S and no other tool has been used in the study.Consideration is not taken to the ergonomics regarding handling of material. Finally,the proposal produced in this study is theoretically and have not been appliedpractically due to the size of the study. Keywords: Lean Construction, 5S, SME, construction companies,Syfte: Byggbranschen i Sverige har under en längre tid haft högre och ökandeproduktionskostnader jämfört med övrig industri. Byggkostnader för bostadsbyggandehar på senare år ökat samtidigt som produktiviteten i byggbranschen varit relativtoförändrad sedan 1990-talet. 10 % av byggkostnaderna utgörs av ineffektiv materialhantering.För att förbättra produktionen har på senare decennier kvalitetssystem såsom Lean Construction blivit etablerat inom stora företag, men har inte riktigt fått något genomslag hos små och mellanstora företag. Syftet med studien har varit attundersöka hur förbättringsverktyg så som 5S kan användas av små byggföretag för att skapa en mer effektiv materialhantering. Metod: En fallstudie har utförts på ett litet byggföretag. Metoder som använts istudien var litteraturstudier för att utreda kunskapsfronten inom området, semistruktureradeintervjuer med ägare, arbetsledare och byggnadsarbetare i företaget samt ostrukturerade observationer på två byggarbetsplatser. Resultat: I studien undersöktes hur Lean-verktyget 5S kan anpassas för att användasav ett litet byggföretag för att mottagning och förflyttning av material. Först identifierades slöserier i materialhanteringen i form av onödiga moment vilka skaparonödiga kostnader. Slöserierna bestod av onödiga transporter eller förflyttningar ochonödigt stora materiallager. Studien visar även att rutiner för hur materialhanteringska skötas saknades i företaget. Därefter togs ett teoretiskt förslag fram för hur dessaslöserier skulle kunna minskas. Förslaget utgörs av en checklista baserad på 5S ochstudiens empiri. Checklistan är avsedd att standardisera arbetssättet förmaterialmottagning och materialförflyttning. Implementering av checklistan kan skevid både större och mindre byggprojekt. Till sist redovisas kraven hos ett litetbyggföretag för att kunna införa ett förbättringsverktyg i företaget. Det som krävs ären vilja i organisationen till förändringen och resurser i form av tid, ekonomi ochpersonal som kan arbeta aktivt med förändringen. Konsekvenser: Genom att använda checklistan vid planering av en byggarbetsplatsorganisering säkerställs att material placeras på korrekt plats och i korrekt ordning,vilket är syftet med 5S. Detta minskar förflyttningar som måste göras av materialet.Vid produktionen används checklistan för mottagning av material vilket bidrar till attmaterial placeras korrekt och förvaras på rätt sätt. Detta leder till att minska kassationav material. Genom att tillämpa detta medför rutinen att onödiga kostnader minskas vilket bidrar till att den totala byggkostnaden av projektet minskar. Begränsningar: Fallstudien undersöker endast ett litet byggföretag och är därmedinte applicerbar på stora byggföretag. Även andra små byggföretag kan ha andraförutsättningar än företaget som studerats. Fallstudien bygger på intervjuer ochobservationer. Fokus har lagts på 5S som verktyg ur Lean Construction och ingetannat verktyg har undersökts. Hänsyn tas inte till personalens ergonomi vidmaterialhantering. Slutligen är förslaget som tagits fram i studien teoretiskt och harinte tillämpats praktiskt på grund av studiens omfattning. Nyckelord: Lean Construction, 5S, SMF, byggbranschen
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Ogunbiyi, Oyedolapo Ekundayo. "Implementation of the lean approach in sustainable construction : a conceptual framework." Thesis, University of Central Lancashire, 2014. http://clok.uclan.ac.uk/10563/.
Abstract:
There has been a growing awareness of the adoption of lean principles within UK construction organisations. The UK Government has recognised the importance of the construction industry in achieving the overall goals of sustainable development. Therefore, the Government has put several policies and strategies in place for achieving more sustainable construction. Assessment and performance improvement have been advocated by many researchers, and there is a substantial interest in performance measurement by construction organisations. Assessing the implementation efforts and benefits of lean approach in sustainable construction has become more critical to organisations in pursuit of continuous improvement. The inadequacy of many frameworks and tools developed to address this advancement in the area of lean and sustainability provided the motivation for this research. Therefore, the aim of this research was to develop a conceptual framework for assessing the implementation efforts and benefits of the lean approach in sustainable construction within contracting organisations. The objectives of this study were to explore the process of implementation of the lean approach throughout all the levels of construction organisations, investigate the linkages between lean and sustainable construction, review the concept of lean and its application to sustainable construction, analyse the barriers and success factors, and to identify the benefits of lean in sustainable construction. An exploratory method of investigation and study involving both quantitative and qualitative methodology was utilised in this research. An in-depth literature review and questionnaire survey was conducted among UK-based construction professionals on issues relating to sustainability and lean in order to identify the barriers, success factors and linkages between sustainability and the lean concept. The data collected were analysed with SPSS 19.0 version software using the percentile method, factor analysis, Kruskal Wallis test, Cronbach's Alpha reliability test and the Severity Index Analysis. A case study was also used with content analysis, in order to allow for a better understanding of the implementation process and drivers of lean at the organisational level. The success factors in implementing lean and sustainability were subjected to factor analysis. A factor analysis of the data yielded two (2) critical success factors, which were labelled as management and resource factors and organisational culture factor. All the identified benefits of implementing lean construction were classified into economic, social, and environmental benefits. Also, the drivers of implementing lean were discussed and classified into internal and external drivers. The research further revealed that reduction in waste is the most important benefit of synchronising lean and sustainability. The most significant barrier is resistance to change. The adoption of lean techniques will impact significantly on the realisation of sustainable construction as there are linkages between lean and sustainability. The developed framework of lean implementation process at the strategic level is made up of three sections, namely: policy and strategy deployment, assessments criteria, and the application and the implementation phase (with their respective sub sections). The framework highlighted the need to understand the implementation issues within a contracting construction organisation as well as the drivers of implementing lean. This study has theoretical, practical and methodological significance for successful lean implementation in contracting construction organisations in the UK.