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1
Ahmad, Hesham S., Maha D. Ayoush, and Majed S. Al-Alwan. "Causes of delay to public infrastructure projects according to engineers representing different contract parties." Built Environment Project and Asset Management 10, no. 1 (December 17, 2019): 153–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bepam-03-2019-0026.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the main causes of delay in public construction projects. This is motivated by feedback from public construction experts concerning substantive delays during the last decade. The study thus seeks to help decision makers in Jordan and elsewhere identify problems and develop mitigating strategies. Design/methodology/approach Causes of delay were identified from previous related studies and then augmented after consultation with experts. This resulted in 56 delay factors classified into eight groups. The sampling frame for the study was defined in terms of public construction projects (mostly related to roads) owned by the Ministry of Public Works and Housing in Jordan. A survey was conducted with engineers working as representatives of the owner, contractors or consultants to elicit and evaluate the importance of the 56 delay factors. Findings Overall, 113 completed questionnaire responses were returned and analyzed to rank the causes of delay using the relative importance index method. Owners and consultants showed more interest in factors related to themselves, while contractors showed highest interest in an external factor related to the owner of services. Four recommendations are put forward for decision makers to mitigate against delays. Originality/value This research investigates a relatively large number of delay factors compared to other studies and these are categorized into groups to facilitate thematic understanding. Further, compared to previous related research, this research fills a gap by exploring the opinions of different contract parties.
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Lloyd, S. D., T. H. F. Wong, and B. Porter. "The planning and construction of an urban stormwater management scheme." Water Science and Technology 45, no. 7 (April 1, 2002): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2002.0111.
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Water Sensitive Urban Design (WSUD) offers a means to integrate stormwater best management practices into urban planning and design to achieve multiple objectives. Some of these objectives relate to stormwater drainage, water quality improvements, aquatic habitat protection, stormwater harvesting and use, and landscape amenity. The Lynbrook Estate, Australia, has incorporated bio-filtration systems and wetlands into the design of major roads, local access streets and parklands that attenuate and treat roof runoff and road runoff from a 32 ha, 270 allotment residential precinct. This paper outlines the process that enabled the concept of a stormwater drainage design to be translated into on-ground works. Details of the construction activities, costs and market acceptance highlight the potential for the adoption of similar practices elsewhere.
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Zhou, Xi, Mengnan Wang, Dexiang Deng, and Xi Li. "Design and Construction of Urban Waste Intelligent Treatment System." E3S Web of Conferences 199 (2020): 00011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202019900011.
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With the rapid expansion of urban scale, urban waste disposal has become an important issue for ecological environment construction. In order to seek the coordinated development of economy and environment, we systematically intervene in urban waste intelligent treatment plans and management through design thinking and methods, and build urban waste intelligent treatment systems to achieve waste volume control, waste monitoring, classified collection, stacking and transportation, processing and Reprocessing production forms a controllable intelligent operation chain, which realizes the collaboration of human brain intelligence and artificial intelligence to improve the level of urban waste treatment and management capabilities.
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Dains, Angie, Michael Edmond, Daniel Diekema, Stephanie Holley, Oluchi Abosi, Mary Kukla, Kyle Jenn, et al. "Infection Prevention Time Required for Construction and Design at a Large Tertiary-Care Hospital, 2019." Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 41, S1 (October 2020): s69—s70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ice.2020.557.
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Background: Including infection preventionists (IPs) in hospital design, construction, and renovation projects is important. According to the Joint Commission, “Infection control oversights during building design or renovations commonly result in regulatory problems, millions lost and even patient deaths.” We evaluated the number of active major construction projects at our 800-bed hospital with 6.0 IP FTEs and the IP time required for oversight. Methods: We reviewed construction records from October 2018 through October 2019. We classified projects as active if any construction occurred during the study period. We describe the types of projects: inpatient, outpatient, non–patient care, and the potential impact to patient health through infection control risk assessments (ICRA). ICRAs were classified as class I (non–patient-care area and minimal construction activity), class II (patients are not likely to be in the area and work is small scale), class III (patient care area and work requires demolition that generates dust), and class IV (any area requiring environmental precautions). We calculated the time spent visiting construction sites and in design meetings. Results: During October 2018–October 2019, there were 51 active construction projects with an average of 15 active sites per week. These sites included a wide range of projects from a new bone marrow transplant unit, labor and delivery expansion and renovation, space conversion to an inpatient unit to a project for multiple air handler replacements. All 51 projects were classified as class III or class IV. We visited, on average, 4 construction sites each week for 30 minutes per site, leaving 11 sites unobserved due to time constraints. We spent an average of 120 minutes weekly, but 450 minutes would have been required to observe all 15 sites. Yearly, the required hours to observe these active construction sites once weekly would be 390 hours. In addition to the observational hours, 124 hours were spent in design meetings alone, not considering the preparation time and follow-up required for these meetings. Conclusions: In a large academic medical center, IPs had time available to visit only a quarter of active projects on an ongoing basis. Increasing dedicated IP time in construction projects is essential to mitigating infection control risks in large hospitals.Funding: NoneDisclosures: None
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Wu, Juan Yu. "Research on Slow Lane System Planning and Design: A Case Study of Guangzhou International Biological Island Greenway." Applied Mechanics and Materials 548-549 (April 2014): 1778–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.548-549.1778.
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This paper will conduct a case study of slow lane system of Guangzhou International Biological Island (GIBI) greenway network in three main phases: (1) describe building standard of slow system in Construction Guidelines of Regional Greenways in Guangdong Province; (2) analyze GIBI Greenway comprehensive plan and investigate the site to illustrate slow lane design; and (3) provide concrete improvement measure and suggestion to slow lane system. We concluded by discussing solutions of these problems, and suggested some proposals in design to meet the visitors’ requirement for the future construction of greenway. The GIBI Greenway has served as a model for riparian greenways elsewhere in Guangzhou. This research hopes to guide slow lane system’s programs and development standards to make bicycling in Guangzhou more safe, comfortable, convenient and enjoyable for all bicyclists.
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Hyun, Hosang, Hyung-Geun Kim, and Jin-Sung Kim. "Integrated Off-Site Construction Design Process including DfMA Considerations." Sustainability 14, no. 7 (March 30, 2022): 4084. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14074084.
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Off-site construction (OSC) offers a promising means to improve the efficiency of construction projects. However, the lack of experience and knowledge regarding its use results in errors in design owing to conflicts and omissions of considerations for OSC projects. To mitigate these problems, the design for manufacturing and assembly (DfMA) is widely used to include the considerations in the OSC design process. Several studies concerning the DfMA application in OSC have been performed, but the comprehensive design process is not suggested for mitigating the aforementioned problems. This study proposes an OSC design process by integrating the fragmented DfMA considerations reported in previous studies. The considerations are identified through a systematic literature review and classified into structural and architectural types. To validate the proposed process, an OSC project design has been undertaken as a case study, wherein a significant portion of the building structure has been modified to comprise precast concrete (PC), instead of its reinforced counterpart, with a demonstrated reduction in the PC element design duration. The proposed process would guide and support the design process for reduction in the duration and errors incurred in the process. Moreover, the process can be considered a design guideline for the execution of future projects.
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Liu, De Yin, and Jian Guo Chen. "Construction Delay Analysis and early Warning Model Based on Design Structure Matrix." Applied Mechanics and Materials 357-360 (August 2013): 2199–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.357-360.2199.
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Schedule delays frequently occur in construction projects and bring unexpected consequence. Conducting an elaborate delay analysis and providing early warning are crucial for project performance. In this paper, factors are classified into internal risks and external risks based on the chain effect of schedule delays, and the design structure matrix (DSM) is employed to develop the delay analysis and early warning model. Case study has been performed to prove the effectiveness of the proposed model, finally, sensitivity analysis also draws conclusion the internal risks between tasks should be paid more attention than the external in environment.
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Žegarac Leskovar, Vesna, and Miroslav Premrov. "A Review of Architectural and Structural Design Typologies of Multi-Storey Timber Buildings in Europe." Forests 12, no. 6 (June 8, 2021): 757. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f12060757.
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Numerous countries across the globe have witnessed the recent decades’ trend of multi-storey timber buildings on the rise, owing to advances in engineering sciences and timber construction technologies. Despite the growth and numerous advantages of timber construction, the global scale of multi-storey timber construction is still relatively low compared to reinforced concrete and steel construction. One of the reasons for a lower share of high-rise timber buildings lies in the complexity of their design, where the architectural design, the selection of a suitable structural system, and the energy efficiency concept strongly depend on the specific features of the location, particularly climate conditions, wind exposure, and seismic hazard. The aforementioned shows the need for a comprehensive study on existing multi-storey timber buildings, which correspond to the boundary conditions in a certain environment, to determine the suitability of such a construction in view of its adjustment to local contexts. Apart from exposing the problems and advantages of such construction, the current paper provides a brief overview of high-rise timber buildings in Europe. Moreover, it addresses the complexity of the design approach to multi-storey timber buildings in general. The second part of the paper highlights the importance of synthesising the architectural, energy, and structural solutions through a detailed analysis of three selected case studies. The findings of the paper provide an expanded view of knowledge of the design of tall timber buildings, which can significantly contribute to a greater and better exploitation of the potential of timber construction in Europe and elsewhere.
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Nakata, Narutoshi. "A multi-purpose earthquake simulator and a flexible development platform for actuator controller design." Journal of Vibration and Control 18, no. 10 (October 26, 2011): 1552–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077546311421946.
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This paper presents a multi-purpose uniaxial earthquake simulator that has been designed and developed at the Johns Hopkins University. The earthquake simulator is coupled with a flexible platform that facilitates the development of actuator control strategies to enhance accuracy in shake table tests. The development platform provides a full access to processes in control including an actuator servo control loop, enabling high-fidelity controller designs to be implemented and experimentally investigated for earthquake simulators. This paper presents construction details, hydraulic components, dynamic specifications, an integrated control and data acquisition system, and example applications of the earthquake simulator. The paper demonstrates the versatility of the earthquake simulator and the development platform that can be adopted elsewhere.
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Hao, Tong. "Architectural Modeling Design based on Reciprocal Structure." E3S Web of Conferences 143 (2020): 01002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202014301002.
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The innovation of this research is to build connection between the traditional reciprocal structure and the contemporary architectural modeling design. The purpose of this reasearch is to explore the design method of architectural modeling based on mutual structure. Firstly, the reciprocal structure is classified according to the multi-dimensionality of the construction mode.Secondly, the relationship between the mutual structure and the architectural modeling is explained. Finally, the three factors affecting the architectural modeling on the basis of mutual structure are summarized: 1) morphology; 2) interface; 3) space, and then from these three layers to present the shaping method.
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Kabanov, Vadim. "Information model for choosing a design solution for providing construction with mortar." E3S Web of Conferences 281 (2021): 04001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202128104001.
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Building materials are usually classified according to the criterion of the possibility of creating a stock at the construction site. Mortars and concrete mixtures have a limited time during which they must be used in the construction of building structures. There are technologies for the use of dry components of mortars from which the mixture is prepared at the construction site. However, the technology of manufacturing mortars at specialized plants is widely used, followed by transportation of the finished cement-sand mixture to the construction site. The problem under consideration raises issues related to the volume of supply of mortars and the intensity of this building material consumption. Within the framework of the research, the tasks of analytical description of the construction and installation work intensity influence on the technological processes of cement-sand mortars delivery to the construction site have been solved, a block diagram of the selection of an economically feasible design solution for providing the production process with a building mixture has been developed. On the basis of the presented results in the form of mathematical dependencies and a block diagram, the conclusions about the influence of a design solution for providing construction with a cement-sand mixture on the duration and construction and installation work cost have been formulated. A graphic representation of the procedure for making a decision on the supply of a construction with a cement-sand mixture is supposed to be used for the development of software that provides a description of the construction processes functioning in space and time, including for 3D models.
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Teriö, Olli, Jaakko Sorri, Kalle Kähkönen, and Jukka Hämäläinen. "Environmental index for Finnish construction sites." Construction Innovation 14, no. 2 (April 1, 2014): 245–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ci-06-2013-0030.
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Purpose – The primary aim of this study was to better understand the grounds to develop a monitoring and performance measurement method to support the environmental management of construction operations. The practical purpose was to improve environmental activities in construction sites. This study helps to fill the gap between environmental needs and practices on construction sites. Design/methodology/approach – Action research was the principal research method. The research procedure was executed in collaboration with construction companies. The EICS meter was originally developed to create rules for environmental competition between construction sites. Since the time of this competition, the meter has been further improved in other studies. Findings – Based on the literature and feedback gained in the testing round of the EICS, five relevant categories were formulated to evaluate environmental operations: environmental information management, waste management, material handling and shielding, energy use and emissions. A simple index method was applied for these five categories. Furthermore, observation targets and acceptance criteria were defined for these categories. The meter supports environmental management in practise. The method can be used to analyse the starting point level when developing environmental processes. Originality/value – This study offers insights based on action research for both academics and practitioners. The meter is outlined for Nordic conditions, but the structure of the method is also suitable elsewhere. The national demands can be locally fine-tuned.
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Guo, Xiaozheng. "Construction Analysis of Ecological College English Teaching Model in Computer Network Environment." Journal of Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience 14, no. 1 (January 1, 2017): 27–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jctn.2017.6118.
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Based on the research on development situation of college English teaching in computer network environment, the essential task of the thesis is to explore the ecological teaching model. In this paper, the author focuses on presenting the overall design process of empirical research undertaken in the paper. Specific arrangements of the structure are as follows: firstly, to define the research questions and select proper research subjects, variables and research methods, then to list the design process and specific steps in great details. Finally to make a classified study and ecological analysis based on the collected data and textual information.
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Xu, Yilu. "Improving the Time Performance of Prefabricated Construction Projects: A Review." E3S Web of Conferences 253 (2021): 02041. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202125302041.
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Prefabricated construction, as innovative construction technology, has been gradually applied in the construction industry in recent decades. However, little research has focused on the factors which affect the project schedule of prefabricated construction. Therefore, this review aims to systematically identify and classify determinants that influence the schedule of prefabricated constructions. Based on the literature review, 13 factors that influence the schedule performance of prefabricated construction projects are identified and classified into 7 categories: design, construction techniques, collaboration, coordination, and communication between participants, supply chain, owner, human resource, external conditions. The findings of this study provide valuable clues for both researchers and project practitioners to efficiently implement prefabricated construction projects. Future research directions are also provided.
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Sarhan, Osamah, and Mahdy Raslan. "Offshore petroleum rigs/platforms: An overview of analysis, design, construction and installation." International Journal of Advanced Engineering, Sciences and Applications 2, no. 1 (January 31, 2021): 7–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.47346/ijaesa.v2i1.58.
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Jacket platforms are one of the most important and regularly used types of offshore structures for oil and gas extraction that have a big impact on the economy of the countries. In this paper, all aspects including design, analysis, construction and installing of the jacket type offshore structure, are summarized and classified. This type of structure is one of the specified platforms for shallow water, and for long term service, it also has the ability to carry large deck loads. This paper aims to present general guidance about the planning, design and construction of offshore jacket (template) platforms. Jacket platforms are fixed type platforms which are attached to the seabed using piles which provide stability against the wind, wave and current loads. Also, this type of offshore platform has a high initial and maintenance cost because of its exposure to corrosion, and cannot be reused after the end of its service period. Jacket platforms are most suitable for shallow water having no better alternative while it has the cost disadvantage for deep water.
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D'Souza, Richard, Peter G. S. Dove, Donald G. Hervey, and Donald J. Hardin. "The Design and Installation of Efficient Deepwater Permanent Moorings." Marine Technology and SNAME News 29, no. 01 (January 1, 1992): 25–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/mt1.1992.29.1.25.
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Industry interest in floating production systems in the Gulf of Mexico and elsewhere is increasingly pointing toward deeper water depths ranging to 10000 ft. In these waters, the moorings are an increasingly significant factor in the overall system cost. This paper presents important design considerations for deepwater mooring systems for permanently moored floating platforms. The engineering of feasible and cost-effective deepwater moorings requires substantive departures from conventional design and installation techniques. These include rethinking commonly accepted design criteria, the use of synthetic materials, alternatives to conventional catenary systems, increasing use of deeply submerged buoys, and innovative ideas for system installation. Issues addressed include: design criteria; the use of lightweight, high-strength materials such as aramid fiber rope in lieu of wire rope; analysis methods and procedures indicating the importance of quasistatic, dynamic, fatigue and probabilistic analyses; installation options and the benefits of maximizing deployment vessel options; the use of alternatives to a conventional chain/ wire catenary system; and design considerations and construction options of large-buoyancy, deeply submerged buoys.
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Kosenkova, Natalya A., Ekaterina Evgenievna Borodina, and Elizaveta Vladimirovna Kosenkova. "Main trends in the design of children's institutions." Urban construction and architecture 12, no. 1 (April 11, 2022): 163–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.17673/vestnik.2022.01.21.
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The world experience of designing and building educational and educational facilities for children at the turn of the XX XXI centuries is analyzed. The most famous modern examples of objects of children's orientation are given. Similar temporary, stylistic, constructive, and planning features of children's institutions are classified. Based on the performed analysis, conclusions are drawn about the prevailing trends in the design and construction of children's educational and educational institutions. It was revealed that foreign institutions are located directly in the city center, and in Russia - facilities are located on the periphery of the city. The functional composition depends on the orientation of the institution.
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Polat, H. I. "A Classification Study on the Development Stages of Construction Technologies in Turkey." Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research 7, no. 5 (October 19, 2017): 1909–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.48084/etasr.1606.
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Developmental stages of construction technologies in Turkey followed various methods and showed differences in practice up to 20th century when the first examples of early-period reinforced concrete structures was created. Following the late 18th century, when traditional construction techniques were applied to new masses and building types, the use of modern bricks in vertical carrier elements together with the means of the 19th century was followed by an increase in masonry construction types of building structures. The paper emphasizes in the effects of traditional construction techniques applied with brick, steel, concrete materials on construction technology in Turkey. Traditional construction techniques are classified and detailed evaluations are made on the design principles of the buildings with historical characteristics.
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Shon, Donghwa, Eunseok Lee, Yejin Lee, Jieun Lee, and Nahyang Byun. "Characteristics of Smart Farms for Architectural Planning and Design." Buildings 13, no. 1 (December 30, 2022): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings13010093.
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In the 21st century, humanity is facing unprecedented climate and food crises caused by population growth, urbanization, environmental pollution, and carbon emissions. As a response to the climate and food crisis, the following concept has emerged: smart urban agriculture that can reduce carbon emissions from buildings and achieve self-sufficiency in food. Various architectural designs that include smart farms are being explored worldwide. Nevertheless, the concept does not seem to have gained sufficient popular traction. This study attempted to materialize the concept by presenting types and characteristics from an architectural planning and design perspective by examining cases of smart farm constructions worldwide. After collecting 171 smart farm cases from around the world and building a database in terms of city, architecture, environment, and crops, the types were classified through SOM analysis, an artificial neural network-based cluster analysis methodology. As a result of the analysis, smart farm types were classified into seven types, and the characteristics of architectural planning and design were extracted for each type. It is meaningful that a specific form was presented so that planning and design can be easily accessed according to the situation placed through the type of smart farm.
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Li, Wenjie, Yuxiao Zhou, Shijian Luo, and Yenan Dong. "Design Factors to Improve the Consistency and Sustainable User Experience of Responsive Interface Design." Sustainability 14, no. 15 (July 25, 2022): 9131. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14159131.
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Computers have been extended to a variety of devices, such as smart phones, tablets, and smart watches, thereby increasing the importance of responsive interfaces across multi-terminal devices. To ensure a consistent and sustainable user experience for websites and software products, it is important to study the layout, design elements, and users’ visual perception of different terminal interfaces. In this paper, the multi-terminal interfaces of 40 existing responsive websites were studied in a hierarchical grouping experiment, and six typical interface layouts were classified and extracted. Then, the main design factors affecting interface consistency of the responsive website were extracted and classified through eye tracking and a questionnaire survey. Finally, taking a sales management software tool (SA) as an example for design application, we successfully created responsive interfaces across multi-terminal devices with a consistent and sustainable experience.
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A. A. Tomh, Mohsin. "Investigating the Factors Affecting the Design Change In Construction Industry In UAE." International Journal for Global Academic & Scientific Research 1, no. 4 (December 31, 2022): 60–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.55938/ijgasr.v1i4.32.
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The construction industry in Dubai is fundamental and influential to the economy of this emirate. In order to execute projects successfully, it is necessary to deploy and integrate a wide variety of resources, skills, and competencies. Because of this demand, the building industry in Dubai has developed into a prestigious but fragmented one. This is due to a large number of stakeholders in the construction industry in Dubai. This research is designed to investigate the factors that contribute to design change in the construction industry in Dubai, UAE. A construction project is usually processed with a set of interrelated activities happening with the aim of ensuring the client’s requirements are met. These activities are usually classified in a set of stages and phases; one very critical and important phase is the design stage. The findings of the study will provide insight into the factors that cause delays in project completion in Dubai. Owner’s factors, mainly poor coordination among the involved parties appear to be the main factor from the ‘owners’ This finding will assist in identifying the areas, which may need more attention. Similarly, the findings will also help in gaining awareness of other important factors, which cause delays, thus helping decision-makers in effective planning and implementation.
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Khanh, Ha Duy. "Factors causing design changes in Vietnamese residential construction projects: An evaluation and comparison." Journal of Science and Technology in Civil Engineering (STCE) - NUCE 14, no. 3 (June 29, 2020): 151–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.31814/10.31814/stce.nuce2020-14(3)-13.
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Most of the construction projects in Vietnam are suffering from the design changes during the implementation phase. These changes have a significant impact on the time and cost of the project. The primary purpose of this study is to explore factors causing the design change of residential construction projects from the Vietnamese perspective. This study has used a questionnaire to collect data for the occurrence and effect of these factors on project performance. Based on the literature review, there are a total of 28 initial factors filtered. These factors were classified into four cases: environment, clients, consultants, and contractors. The results of the analysis showed that there is almost no difference in mean between groups of respondents, and there is a relatively high consensus in ranking the factors between project parties. Based on factor analysis, there are four principal components extracted from all initial factors, with total variance explained of nearly 65.2%. In addition, an evaluation sheet for the overall impact of factors on project performance is proposed. The result indicated that the level of impact is 70.7 per the scale of 100. Eventually, a comparison with other construction project types has been made to understand generally the factors of design changes in the construction industry.
Keywords:
design change; residential building; construction management; Vietnam.
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Choi, Inhwa, and Wonshik Na. "Construction of a Regression Test Automation System." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 3.34 (September 1, 2018): 580. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i3.34.19386.
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Background/Objectives: As testing plays an important role in software quality assurance, many studies are now being carried out in areas such as test method design, test case generation, test case management, GUI test automation, and integrated test automation in order to create tests that are more efficient as well as cost efficient.Methods/Statistical analysis: This paper proposes a regression test automation system that can dynamically generate test cases in the regression test stage and automatically execute the generated test scenariosFindings: The Mocha framework is extended to build an automation framework, and test algorithms and test algorithms are classified to extend and combine various test cases.Improvements/Applications: Applying the proposed system to a UI development tool test saw more than twice the test cases being automatically generated, which led to a discovery of 37% more key defects.
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Tanyimboh, T. T., and P. Kalungi. "Holistic planning methodology for long-term design and capacity expansion of water networks." Water Supply 8, no. 4 (October 1, 2008): 481–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2008.105.
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The application of the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to help select the best option for the long-term design and capacity expansion of a water distribution network is described and applied to a sample network. The main criteria used are: reliability-based network performance; present value of construction, upgrading, failure and repair costs; and social and environmental issues. The AHP has been applied elsewhere on various problems, but not on the long-term upgrading of water distribution networks as proposed in this paper. The pipes are sized to carry maximum entropy flows using linear programming while the best upgrading sequence is identified using dynamic programming. The example demonstrates the effectiveness of the AHP as a systematic tool for assessing pareto-optimal designs based on the trade-offs between multiple criteria. The results demonstrate that the cheapest option is not necessarily the best when other factors e.g. performance and socio-environmental concerns are considered in an explicit way.
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Slavina, Anastasiia, Aleksej Bychkov, Aleksandr Komarov, and Anton Belyaev. "BIM technology and environment management conditions." E3S Web of Conferences 91 (2019): 08025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20199108025.
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The article looks into virtual units of construction design companies. Challenges in virtual organization of construction design are discussed. Modern society is characterized by transition to informational model of organization. Also, we can talk about environmental engineering, that is, to improve the quality of information environment. New forms of organization can be classified according to such characteristics as scope and nature of the activity, type of ownership, legal status, and size. These forms, along with the virtual organization, include financial and industrial groups, business unions, and clusters. It is accepted to highlight main advantages of virtual organizations in the free choice of high-class resources while reducing time costs.
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Masbuhin, Masbuhin. "PENGARUH SUBTITUSI LUMPUR SIDOARJO (LUSI) TERHADAP KUAT TEKAN BATA BETON (PAVING BLOCK)." Jurnal Teknika 12, no. 2 (September 22, 2020): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.30736/jt.v13i2.476.
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This study aims to determine the process of utilizing Sidoarjo Mud (LUSI) as a substitute for paving blocks and to determine the results of the compressive strength test of using LUSI as a substitute for paving blocks. The LUSI substitution is expected to be able to provide innovations in the construction of a paving block mixture. The research method used is the experimental method. The manufacture of test objects starts from the preparation stage, mix design, manufacture of test objects, testing and classifying paving blocks according to SNI 03-0691-1996. The sample of specimens used normal mix design and mix design substitute LUSI 40% of the fine aggregate value. Based on the results of research, paving blocks with a normal mix design of 1Pc: 2Ps are classified as quality A, 1Pc: 3Ps and 1Pc: 4Ps are classified as B quality, while for paving blocks substituting LUSI in a mixture of 1Pc: 2Ps is classified as quality B, for a mixture of 1Pc: 3Ps and 1Pc : 4Ps is classified as C quality. It can be concluded that the compressive strength of paving blocks has decreased in compressive strength after being substituted by LUSI, with a successive percentage value of 32%, 59% and 58%.
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Cipto, Cipto, Klemens A. Rahangmetan, Christian Wely Wullur, Farid Sariman, and Hariyanto Hariyanto. "Meat Cutting Machine Shaft Design and Analysis." E3S Web of Conferences 328 (2021): 07003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202132807003.
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This study analyzes the maximum load on the shaft construction with a diameter of 12 mm and a length of 581 mm. The shaft is designed as a shaft for cutting meat with a capacity of 5 kg. The analysis was performed using the finite element analysis method included in the Autodesk software. According to mathematical calculations, the shaft is considered safe because the value of the admissible tension τa = 7.380 kg / mm2 is greater than the maximum tension τp 5.62 kg / mm2. Based on the simulation results of the test, the shaft experiences a maximum off-stress of 61.89 MPa, a maximum displacement of 0.07715 mm, , and a safety factor of 3.34 µl so that the shaft is classified as safe for use with a Load capacity of 5 Kg
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Stefanovic, Bogdan, and Ivan Bjelanovic. "Selection of the variant solution of forest road alignment conceptual design using multicriteria optimisation." Bulletin of the Faculty of Forestry, no. 99 (2009): 165–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gsf0999165s.
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One of the three studied variant solutions of forest road conceptual design was selected based on the linear distribution of criteria, as the method of multicriteria optimization. The selection was performed with 25 parameters classified as economic, technical, production and social criteria. The parameters of technical criteria were grouped into design, construction and building parameters. Based on calculated nominal values of parameters by the given criteria, their ranking, comparison, point rating and scoring, the selected most favorable solution was variant 1.
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Lei, Zhen, Wenzhe Tang, Colin Duffield, Lihai Zhang, Felix Hui, and Richun You. "Qualitative Analysis of the Occupational Health and Safety Performance of Chinese International Construction Projects." Sustainability 10, no. 12 (November 22, 2018): 4344. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10124344.
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Chinese contractors undertaking international projects are frequently criticized for their poor Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) performance. It is noticed that people with different occupations may perceive OHS differently. From a qualitative perspective, this study investigates the perceived OHS performances of design managers and construction managers engaged in Chinese overseas construction projects, considering a range of subgroups classified by people’s overseas experience, project size, project industry, project location, and firm size. The analysis was based on an e-questionnaire survey that sampled responses from 52 design managers and 160 construction managers involved in 110 international projects, and face-to-face interviews with 26 managers. The findings indicate that the assessment variation of OHS performance between design managers and construction managers is not only related to their different mental ways, but also can be mediated by their in-progress communication and affected by project and organizational conditions. The varying OHS performance in projects with different sizes or from different regions also suggests that Chinese contractors should be more proactive in OHS management instead of passively responding to external requirements.
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Oleinik, Pavel P., and Andrey K. Schreiber. "SOME METHODOLOGICAL PROBLEMS OF INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT IN CONSTRUCTION." Technological and Economic Development of Economy 10, no. 4 (December 31, 2004): 161–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/13928619.2004.9637673.
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In recent years the processes of building design, construction and commissioning have been essentially restructured in Russia. It was achieved by introducing new energy‐efficient and resource‐saving methods and techniques reducing the time and increasing the rate of construction. However, the analysis of buildings constructed in the past few years in Russia shows that their construction time is still 1.5 ‐ 2 times longer than that of similar buildings erected in highly developed foreign countries. The investment process in construction should be considered in terms of a complex dynamic system consisting of four subsystems including the determination of major technical and economical parameters of a building (feasibility study), design, preliminary work and construction which are closely interrelated. To manage the construction process efficiently all factors influencing its major elements should be identified. To describe major factors determining the investment period they are classified into five groups. In this process more than 50 factors prolonging the investment period as a whole and at the particular stages have been identified. Summarizing the data of the comprehensive analysis of building construction allowed us to obtain major formulas for calculating all relevant investment parameters.
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Wight, Gavin D., Jason M. Ingham, and Andrew R. Wilton. "Innovative seismic design of a post-tensioned concrete masonry houseThis article is one of a selection of papers published in this Special Issue on Masonry." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 34, no. 11 (November 2007): 1393–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l07-104.
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Post-tensioned concrete masonry walls provide improved seismic performance, but have had limited application in seismic regions because of a lack of research pertaining to their in-plane response. Following focused research over recent years, a consortium of product suppliers has collaborated with the University of Auckland to construct New Zealand’s first post-tensioned concrete masonry house. A feature of this innovative design was that all incorporated products were commercially available, with no proprietary products being specifically developed for the prestressed masonry system used. Consequently, it is hoped that this house will be a showcase, and provide exposure for the technology in New Zealand and elsewhere. This paper provides a brief review of previous post-tensioned concrete masonry research applications, then discusses post-tensioning details and their application to house design and construction.
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Mahanim Hanid, Nor Faizah Ismail, Kho Mei Ye, Othman Mohamed, Lilawati Ab Wahab, and Abdullah Pirus Leman. "Development of Theoretical Framework for Improving Implementation of Design Management Within Malaysian Construction Industry." Journal of Advanced Research in Applied Sciences and Engineering Technology 28, no. 3 (November 30, 2022): 248–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.37934/araset.28.3.248263.
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Design Management is a systematic method of managing design process through integration of multiple stakeholders in a construction project. Its role and activity are about bringing ideas together, connecting, integrating, communicating, innovating and collaborating design activities, people, processes and resources that are related to the project. Project success can be measured either by objectives or subjective measures where both have their own contribution towards project management success and product outcome success. For this study, project success takes into consideration both measures. This is due to design-caused defect was found as the highest contribution in project defect when measured by cost. The aim of this research is to determine the relationship between design management and project success. For this research, the components of this theoretical framework were developed based on the theories and empirical evidence relating to design management and project success measure. The outcome shows that 41processes had been classified into 7 project stages: project initiation, preparation of design outline, conceptual design, detail design development, procurement, construction and project operation and 6 components of success measure had been identified: Objective measure consists of time and cost and subjective measures look into quality, health and safety, functionality and end-user’s, client’s, design teams and construction team satisfaction.
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Morris, †Richard K., Nicola Coldstream, and Rick Turner. "THE WEST FRONT OF TINTERN ABBEY CHURCH, MONMOUTHSHIRE." Antiquaries Journal 95 (July 23, 2015): 119–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003581515000153.
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The conservation and repair of the west front of Tintern Abbey church, undertaken by Cadw between 2005 and 2010, provided an unrivalled opportunity to survey, record and analyse the design, construction and alteration of a much-celebrated example of medieval architecture. This paper considers in detail the moulding profiles and ornament of the west front and offers a developmental history for this part of the abbey church. Comparisons are made with ecclesiastical architecture elsewhere in England and Wales, and with the contemporary programme of work being undertaken at nearby Chepstow Castle. Two appendices outline the history of its conservation since 1900 and assess some Victorian drawn records of the west front.
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Smith, A. S. J., and G. Xu. "Classification of Ultra-high Performance Concrete (UHPC)." European Journal of Engineering and Technology Research 6, no. 6 (October 16, 2021): 87–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ej-eng.2021.6.6.2605.
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Ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) been an advanced concrete introduced as reactive powder concrete (RPC) over twenty years ago, is now being employed for use in the construction industry of some developed countries like China, Germany and United States of America. Its excellent properties in structural performance and durability make it the civil engineering material that will reshape the future of the construction industry in terms of structural performance; and this paper aims at helping construction experts and developing countries to understand and accept UHPC for use in everyday construction works. The paper gives an in-depth review on the classification of UHPCs based on mix proportion and mechanical properties. Firstly, the mixture design and the mechanical properties of UHPC were discussed. Then UHPC was classified into different types based on mechanical properties and the manufacturer’s modification of the ingredients used for reactive powder concrete or multi-scale cement composite production. This review shows that Funk and Dinger model (also known as Modified Andreasen and Andersen model (MAA)) is the most accepted and widely used mix design method for UHPC. It also revealed that UHPC’s compressive strength, tensile strength and flexural strength are in excess of 150, 7 and 40 MPa respectively. It further classified UHPC into BCV®, BSI®, Cemtec®, Ceracem, Ductal, DURA and UHPC with coarse aggregate; and this classification (especially UHPC with coarse aggregate) is a good sign that local materials can be incorporated into UHPC by developing countries for cost minimisation.
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Smith, A. S. J., and G. Xu. "Classification of Ultra-high Performance Concrete (UHPC)." European Journal of Engineering and Technology Research 6, no. 6 (October 16, 2021): 87–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejeng.2021.6.6.2605.
Full textAbstract:
Ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) been an advanced concrete introduced as reactive powder concrete (RPC) over twenty years ago, is now being employed for use in the construction industry of some developed countries like China, Germany and United States of America. Its excellent properties in structural performance and durability make it the civil engineering material that will reshape the future of the construction industry in terms of structural performance; and this paper aims at helping construction experts and developing countries to understand and accept UHPC for use in everyday construction works. The paper gives an in-depth review on the classification of UHPCs based on mix proportion and mechanical properties. Firstly, the mixture design and the mechanical properties of UHPC were discussed. Then UHPC was classified into different types based on mechanical properties and the manufacturer’s modification of the ingredients used for reactive powder concrete or multi-scale cement composite production. This review shows that Funk and Dinger model (also known as Modified Andreasen and Andersen model (MAA)) is the most accepted and widely used mix design method for UHPC. It also revealed that UHPC’s compressive strength, tensile strength and flexural strength are in excess of 150, 7 and 40 MPa respectively. It further classified UHPC into BCV®, BSI®, Cemtec®, Ceracem, Ductal, DURA and UHPC with coarse aggregate; and this classification (especially UHPC with coarse aggregate) is a good sign that local materials can be incorporated into UHPC by developing countries for cost minimisation.
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Cook, Jeffrey, and Tanis Hinchcliffe. "Designing the well-tempered institution of 1873." Architectural Research Quarterly 1, no. 2 (1995): 70–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1359135500002773.
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The Museum of Natural History in London exemplified the state of environmental services when it was built in 1873. Although the admirable qualities of the building's natural lighting have sometimes been noticed, other aspects of its environmental design have drawn little comment. This paper explores the fabric of the building behind the scenes, related to the integral construction for ventilation. Recent on-site investigations under the floor of the basement, within the attics and elsewhere, reveal the former presence of a comprehensive fresh-air ventilation system of surprising versatility before the advent of electrically-driven fans. Archival documents provide details. The design and performance of such fresh-air systems inform us about the evolution of building services and about the practice of architecture and engineering as distinct professions. And the forgotten knowledge revealed may serve to help in the design of natural and low energy systems for large buildings today.
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Polyakov, Yuri, Andrey Savchenko, Natalia Alekseeva, Elena Panteleeva, and Mikhail Savelyev. "The basic algorithm for the design and construction of a monocultural innovation organization." SHS Web of Conferences 89 (2020): 01006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20208901006.
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Algorithmization of management activities in the transition to the digital economy is one of the most important tasks of modern management science. Sketch design is defined by the algorithm creation tool. This algorithmization method is applied to the processes of choosing the type of a homogeneous product, its quality and other consumer properties, utility for the consumer and manufacturer. Products are classified according to their purpose and the resources for their production. The quality of the product is defined as the ratio of the actual properties of the product to the normative ones, while it is necessary to take into account the influence of manufacturing defects, which entails a transition from linear to non-linear quality functions. The cumulative assessment of the product for the consumer is determined taking into account his subjective assessment of the properties of the product, expressed in the weight of the quality of individual utilities. For a manufacturer, the aggregate assessment of product quality directly depends on the main properties of the product, taking into account its other properties, and inversely depends on the cost of purchasing it, taking into account their functional elasticity. The algorithm is recommended for use by specialists dealing with algorithmic management activities.
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Dinata, Edden Umaga, I. Gde Budi Indrawan, and Arifudin Idrus. "Engineering geological characterisation of rock masses for design of excavation method and support system of Tanju Tunnel, West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia." E3S Web of Conferences 325 (2021): 01004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202132501004.
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This paper presents experiences with design and construction process of the Tanju Tunnel, West Nusa Tenggara. The objective of this research was to characterize the volcanic and intrusive rock masses for designs of the tunnel excavation method and support system. Engineering geological investigations were carried out, upon which the tunnel stand-up time was estimated and the tunnel excavation method and support system were determined based on the rock mass classifications of RMR (Bieniawski, 1989). The investigation results showed that the tunnel construction area consisted of colluvium, andesite, and tuff breccia. The rock masses were dominated by the andesite, which had UCS of intact rock ranging from 200 to 300 MPa classified as strong intact rock. Based on the RMR value, the andesite was classified as a good quality rock mass. The tunnel had unsupported roof stand-up time approximately 20.000 hours for a 3 m tunnel span. The recommended tunnel excavation method was full face, 1.0-1.5 m advance, and complete support 20 m from face, while the support systems were locally bolt in crown 3 m long and 2.5 m spacing, with occasional wire mesh, 50 mm thick shotcrete in crown where required.
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Abdul Aziz Mohamed, Sarah, and Osama Mohamed Ahmed Adam. "Management of Delay Factors in Construction Projects in Sudan." FES Journal of Engineering Sciences 9, no. 3 (February 22, 2021): 26–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.52981/fjes.v9i3.692.
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The research aimed to find out and analyze the main causes of delay in construction projects. Just as so how most things are; an unforeseen delay on a construction site is inevitable. The research was designed to identify the possible causes of delay at construction projects from the literature review and previous studies which there are over than thirty causes of delay were displayed, then these causes tested by the analyzing the data and information that were collected from clients, consultants and contractors, researcher conduct site visits to interpretation the causes of delay that emerged during the implementation of the project. The analysis of correspondences letters between project parties; contractor, client, and consultant lead to characterize investigate are project finance, design changes, fluctuation of prices and incomplete design. The research defines who is responsible and type of delay in addition to the discussion of effects, risks, and mitigating of delay. Finally the research concluded with Recommendations such as security funding for the project at the project preparation stage, the contractors should be classified according to the experience which commensurate with the size of the project, The application of value engineering to avoid in complete design problems , it’s also strongly recommended future researchers to focus on building construction projects in other parts of the country since this was limited only to the capital city Khartoum through the case study.
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Kumaraswamy, Mohan, Gangadhar Mahesh, Ashwin Mahalingam, Santhosh Loganathan, and Satyanarayana N. Kalidindi. "Developing a clients’ charter and construction project KPIs to direct and drive industry improvements." Built Environment Project and Asset Management 7, no. 3 (July 13, 2017): 253–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bepam-02-2017-0013.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to present a case, with live examples from a construction industry development initiative in India, for developing a proactive construction clients charter; and a core set of key performance indicators (KPIs), as basic tools for facilitating the expectations of this special issue in “securing clients’ organisational objectives and project aspirations throughout construction project lifecycles” apart from empowering construction industry improvements in general. Design/methodology/approach Having identified 19 critical issues in the Indian construction industry at two construction clients-academia roundtables, two of the “action teams” formed to address specific issue sets, separately developed a relevant construction clients charter and useful KPIs, respectively, through a combination of literature reviews and brainstorming conference calls, along with iterative drafts of, and feedback on interim outputs. Validation of “working papers” presented at a “Consolidation Roundtable” of construction clients and their consultants, elicited further suggestions for fine tuning of final outputs. Findings The charter was formulated in structured steps, including identifying “priorities” under four categories: overall, expectations from supply chains, by supply chains and by end users. The six sub-heads of the charter are on procurement, design, innovation and technology, project execution, human resource development and worker welfare, and quality, safety and sustainability. The “suggested KPIs” for building clients in India enable organisations to choose: from three different groups (i.e. design phase, construction phase, or business outcomes), and at three different levels (i.e. project/organisation level, benchmarking club level, or industry level). Originality/value There is no known overarching Construction Clients’ Charter at present. Some project KPI sets are available elsewhere. However, those developed in India, while focusing on project performance, also connect to organisational performance and business outcomes. Furthermore, KPIs are provided to separately probe client, consultant and contractor performance. Significantly, the charter and KPIs are outcomes from an industry-led self-improvement initiative launched with building construction clients at the forefront, rather than a top-down imposition from government. Furthermore, while prioritising client aspirations, they also address common supply chain and end-user concerns, which may also be interpreted as a longer-term win-win-win client’s aspiration.
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Feng, Shuxian, and Toshiya Yamamoto. "Preliminary research on sponge city concept for urban flood reduction: a case study on ten sponge city pilot projects in Shanghai, China." Disaster Prevention and Management: An International Journal 29, no. 6 (November 9, 2020): 961–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/dpm-01-2020-0019.
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PurposeThis research aimed to determine the differences and similarities in each pilot project to understand the primary design forms and concepts of sponge city concept (SCC) projects in China. It also aimed to examine ten pilot projects in Shanghai to extrapolate their main characteristics and the processes necessary for implementing SCC projects effectively.Design/methodology/approachA literature review and field survey case study were employed. Data were mostly collected through a field survey in Shanghai, focusing on both the projects and the surrounding environment. Based on these projects' examination, a comparative method was used to determine the characteristics of the ten pilot SCC projects and programs in Shanghai.FindingsSix main types of SCC projects among 30 pilot cities were classified in this research to find differences and similarities among the pilot cities. Four sponge design methods were classified into ten pilot projects. After comparing each project size using the same geographical size, three geometrical types were categorized into both existing and new city areas. SCC project characteristics could be identified by combining four methods and three geometrical types and those of the SCC programs by comparing the change in land-use and the surrounding environment in ten pilot projects.Originality/valueThe results are valuable for implementing SCC projects in China and elsewhere and future research on the impact of SCC projects.
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Bobrov, L. A., A. K. Kushkumbaev, and D. Ismailov. "SOLID-FORGED OIRAT HELMET FROM THE COLLECTION OF AKMOLA REGIONAL HISTORICAL MUSEUM." History of the Homeland 98, no. 2 (June 29, 2022): 229–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.51943/1814-6961_2022_2_229.
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The article studies the iron helmet under inventory number GIK-228, stored in Akmola regional historical museum (AOIKM, Kokshetau, Kazakhstan). The purpose of this article is to provide a detailed description of the helmet’s construction and design, as well to define its age and attribution. By its material, the helmet is classified as an iron helmet, by its construction it is solid-forged and by its shape it is spherocylindrical. As a result of the analysis of the construction and design features of the AOIKM helmet we can consider that it belongs to XVII-mid of XVIII centuries. Most probably it has been forged in the second half of this period for a wealthy Oirat (presumably Djungar) Buddhist warrior. This assumption is made based on the helmet’s construction, considering that its top is shaped like a Buddhist ritual vessel. The AOIKM helmet might have been forged either by local Djungarian armorers or in one of craft centers in Transoxiana (or Mawarannahr) where gunsmiths were massively preparing armor for Djungars under supervision of Oirat masters. Numerous helmets of similar design decorated with Buddhist symbolsare kept in museums and private collections in Kazakhstan, Russia, Mongolia and China.
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Hou, Cai Qin, Hui Hou, and Chun E. Li. "Application of Solar Thermal Utilization in New Rural Construction in Lanzhou Region." Applied Mechanics and Materials 353-356 (August 2013): 3062–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.353-356.3062.
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Solar energy is clean and reproducible energy,it has an important advantage when we use solar energy in heating,supplying hot water and drying in residential buildings.Practical experience confirms that appropriate design of these systems can achieve good results to use solar energy if they compared with conventional system.This paper aims to investigate the good use for solar energy in new rural construction of Lanzhou, we integrate traditional passive solar house, solar heating, solar drying into a new classified system ,design the versatile system for lowtemperature radiant floor heating,supplying hot water and crops drying.Meanwhile, control method and handling precautions are improved.Through further analysis on economic efficiency comparison with solar floor heating and conventional heat source with new rural residential integrated energy price method,analysis on energy-saving and environmental benefit.At last we come to the conclusion the system is worth popularizing in new rural construction.
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Shang, Shi Yu. "Aanalyse on the Causation and Classification of Usual Damages of Highway Tunnel." Applied Mechanics and Materials 204-208 (October 2012): 1297–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.204-208.1297.
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There are long spans and various types of lining of highway tunnels under different geological conditions. It is challenging to obtain accurate geological condition data of tunnel, the existing tunnel design theories and methods are not mature either. Meantime, the stresses of tunnel during the stage of design, construction, operation and maintenance are also changing with time. Therefore, it is difficult to discover the root causes of the highway tunnels defeats, also because of the joint influence of the above factors. Through the broadly investigations of defeats of highway tunnel, the reasons of these defeats was analyzed and classified from four aspects, external forces, design methods, construction phase and deterioration of materials. More important, the general rules and association between the defeats and causes was studied and suggested following the brief introduction of the highway tunnel defeats.
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Zhang, Lilei, Wenwen Wang, Yujie Dong, and Longliang Wu. "Vegetation Coverage Monitoring Model Design Based on Deep Learning." Scientific Programming 2022 (July 21, 2022): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/4818985.
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Based on the medium-resolution Landsat TM and OLI satellite images in the study area, the deep learning ENVINet-5 model is adopted for vegetation coverage monitoring. By referring to the fusion image and Google Earth high-resolution satellite image, the training samples and verification samples are manually labeled, and the labels of four types of ground objects (desert, water body, cultivated land, and construction land) are made. Through the ENVI deep learning binary classification model, the labeled training samples are trained, and a large number of samples of desert, water, and cultivated land are extracted and transformed into corresponding label images. Then, a large number of training sample labels extracted from the model are combined with the manually made construction land sample labels and both of them are used as the training samples of the ENVI deep learning multiclassification model. According to the classification process of the deep learning model (creating label image, initializing training model, and training model and model classification), through the adjustment of various parameters, the four types of ground objects in the study area are finally classified. Finally, the classification results that meet the accuracy requirements are statistically analyzed. It is proved that the model classification results can meet the use requirements.
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Gianotti, Camila, Patricia Mañana-Borrazás, Felipe Criado-Boado, and Elías López-Romero. "Deconstructing Neolithic Monumental Space: the Montenegro Enclosure in Galicia (Northwest Iberia)." Cambridge Archaeological Journal 21, no. 3 (September 20, 2011): 391–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959774311000436.
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This article presents a comparative analysis of archaeological sites in northwest Iberia focusing on Neolithic spatial concepts and their materialization in different architectures from this period. The recently excavated site of Montenegro in Galicia is analysed to determine how the construction of circular enclosures reproduces the organizational model of space identified in monumental architectures elsewhere. The origin of these constructions, their functionality and their relation with other archaeological phenomena are explored to show how they are all different versions of the same concept. Finally the authors discuss what they consider their key point that the prevalence of circular design may be recognized behind the diverse materialities as an essential instrument of Neolithic societies which began to tame the world.
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Sokolnikov, Vladimir V. "The problem of definitions and classification of theoretical models of construction planning, design preparation and building technology." Vestnik MGSU, no. 11 (November 2022): 1564–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.22227/1997-0935.2022.11.1564-1573.
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Introduction. Presently, definitions applied to the concepts of “modelling” and “model”, which do not specify their affiliation, are widely used in research, development and education. They deal with design preparation, construction planning, building technologies and other related areas. The purpose of this study is to propose and justify the classification structure for research and engineering models, focused on the tasks of construction planning and building technologies during design preparation and performance of construction work. This classification will make it possible (a) to structure model names and related methods used to solve problems of building technologies and construction planning, (b) to mutually relate models as well as solution methods, and (c) to limit the application of general definitions to special research and engineering models.
Materials and methods. The author analyzed information modelling standards in construction, general definitions of models and modelling frequently used in construction planning, design preparation and building technologies. Research and engineering ideas, concerning the tasks of modelling and classification of models, are provided in the article. The pattern of theoretical classification of modelling types and cases of theoretical attribution of models are presented.
Results. The author classified some research and engineering models used in design, construction planning and building technologies. The author interpreted the continuity equation of mathematical physics, performed the analysis and attribution of the mathematical model of a construction process flow, and confirmed the need to perform the attribution of models on the basis of variables, physical parameters and the essence of problems that they solved. The author proposed a record format for a theoretical model name in the above-mentioned areas of construction research.
Conclusions. The conclusion is that there is a need to introduce the attribution of current and new theoretical models into the practice of research in construction planning, design preparation and building technology; there is a need for consistency of research, engineering and educational terminology applicable to descriptions of theoretical models in construction planning and building technology. The procedure of attributing theoretical models is proposed.
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Tabesh, A. Reza, and Sheryl Staub-French. "Modeling and coordinating building systems in three dimensions: a case study." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 33, no. 12 (December 1, 2006): 1490–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l06-124.
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This paper presents a case study that investigated a building system coordination process used three-dimensional (3-D) models during design and construction of a complex research facility. We modeled and coordinated a variety of building systems in three dimensions, including architectural, structural, mechanical, electrical, and plumbing systems. We documented the 3-D modeling and coordination process, evaluated existing software tools support of this process, documented the resources required to execute this process, and assessed the impact of the 3-D models on the coordination process. We also identified the design and construction knowledge used to create a coordinated and constructible design. We classified this knowledge in a framework instantiated by examples and concepts found in this study. The framework associates the design and construction constraints that govern the modeling and coordination process with the knowledge domain, the domain context, and the specific modeling and coordination task. The main contributions of the paper are the evaluation of the 3-D coordination process and the identification and classification of building system coordination knowledge.Key words: 3-D modeling, mechanical, electrical, and plumbing (MEP) coordination, building systems, knowledge framework, product and process modeling, constructability.
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Kim, Youkyung, Sangeun Lee, Jeeyeon Lim, Soyeon Park, Sojeong Seong, Youngshin Cho, and Heejung Kim. "Factors Associated with Poor Quality of Sleep in Construction Workers: A Secondary Data Analysis." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 5 (February 25, 2021): 2279. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18052279.
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This study aimed to explore factors associated with poor quality of sleep in construction workers. This study was cross-sectional, correlational in design and used secondary data from fatigue instrument development study. We analyzed the data from 206 participants aged over 19 years who worked at construction sites for more than 6 months. We used multivariate binary logistic regression to identify the factors associated with poor quality of sleep. We classified the two sleep quality groups based on the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) score, and almost 63% of them were classified as the poor quality of sleep group. Based on multivariate binary logistic regression (Cox and Snell R2 = 0.317, Nagelkerke R2 = 0.429), the poor quality of sleep group tended to sleep for a shorter duration before the working day, and not only showed lower sleep latency and higher levels of daytime dysfunction and discomfort in daily life, but also had more chronic disease, depressive symptoms, and higher physical fatigue. Our study findings support that there are many modifiable factors associated with poor sleep and a high rate of poor quality of sleep occurred in construction workers. Thus, clinicians should consider providing diverse options for applying interventions to ensure better sleep, fatigue management, and depression prevention in construction workers after considering their unique characteristics.
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Liu, Yong Qing, and Jin Ding Cai. "Study on Collaborative Design for Distribution Engineering Based on CAD and Knowledge Management." Applied Mechanics and Materials 241-244 (December 2012): 2133–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.241-244.2133.
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In construction of CSCD system for distribution engineering, there existed two main problems: the design security control, the call speed and reuse efficiency of CAD drawings. This paper has designed the electronic signature and the electronic seal, the decision program of validity of CAD files to solve the security problem after the risks in their circulating process were analyzed. Furthermore, the three-layer distribution network topological structure, the Classified and layered storage methods, the smart client and the knowledge push methods of CAD files have been developed to increase the call speed and reuse efficiency. The technical methods have been verified feasible in the practical operation of FJCD system.