Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Construction de l'Etat prémoderne'
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Rébillard, Eugénie. "Imposer l'ordre : la police dans les villes et les campagnes de l'Iraq abbasside (IIe-IVe s. / VIIIe-Xe s.)." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 1, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021PA01H057.
Full textThis thesis examines the role of the police in the establishment of a political, social, fiscal and moral state order in the cities and countryside of Abbasid Iraq (2nd-4th / 8th-10th centuries). This major institution of the caliphate has been little studied. The discovery of an unpublished manuscript, the Risālat siyāsat al-mulūk, allows us to approach the modalities of its functioning. For the Abbasid State, the police force soon became an indispensable instrument for the governance of the territory and the control of its populations. Its study sheds new light on the institutional development that characterized the first two Abbasid centuries. The police were structured around the territory it sought to control. In Baghdad in particular, the spatialization of its activities was linked to a specialization of its tasks, and its operation required a large and qualified staff. For a long time, the Abbasid police force was considered as a urban institution, but its action was also effective in rural areas. The extension of police coverage, motivated by the repression of the revolts that punctuated the first two Abbasid centuries, allows us to reconsider the process of integration of the Iraqi territory within the Abbasid state. The evolution of the police chiefs and theirs practices is also linked to that of the army from which it was derived. The caliph had a singular relationship with his police chief, the terms of which changed during the period under study. The political-military crises had a lasting effect on police practices, which crystallized oppositions. The police also had to define themselves in relation to the law. The chief of police was responsible for punishing those who violated the legal norm, seen as dynamic, and those who opposed the political and social order that the State sought to impose
Aifa, Chahrazed. "L'Etat-nation et la construction européenne." Nice, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012NICE0038.
Full textThe theory of nation-state appeared in Europe in the 15th century and was consecrated by the French Revolution and 19th century Europe. The modern concept of nation-state constitutes the basis of international relations. As far as it's concerned, the European Union is a new construction and its specificity is clearly identified in the history of international relations. This union is composed of sovereign states and of peoples with their own history. As a matter of course, the debate around the European integration and its political prospects leads us to question ourselves about the place left to the nation-states that compose the European Union. From the very beginning of the European building, the founding fathers have planned to build a European federation. This hypothesis always tends to resurface in today's debates. It questions the sustainability of the nation-state faced with such a political system. It's exactly the problem that is raised by the question to know if a constitutional document should be written or not. Despite the changes in the European Union, its state members are very attached to their national sovereignty, which constitutes an obstacle to it. The transposition of their sovereignty to a higher level is often felt by its states as an attack against this very sovereignty! As far as the European citizenship is concerned, the same issue is at stake. Yet the concept of citizen is not just linked to the Nation-state. The European citizenship does not replace the national one but it plays an important role in the political involvement and the formation of the European identity. Throughout its long history of integration, the European Union has introduced a large number of federative elements in its structure and its working, while preserving and respecting the national realities of its member states. If we consider its structures, institutions and how it works, the European Union constitutes today a specific and original construction
Bouyer, Mathias. "La construction de l'Etat Barrois (1301 - 1420)." Thesis, Nancy 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010NAN21026.
Full textDuring the 14thcentury, the principality of Bar progressively turns into a genuine State. The prince relies largely on its seigniorial legacy. The dynasty is unchallenged. The domain, rather large for the region, is efficiently ruled and defended, in spite of insuficient ressources. In building the State, the prince can rely on an important network of obedient liegemen, an emergent elite of commoners, mainly financers and scholars, but slightly less on a weak Church which, incidentaly, does not have a proper financial support. Since 1301, the prince is a liegeman of the king of France for the "Barrois Mouvant". The king tries to introduce some elements of sovereignty but meets failure, except for judiciar appeals. He can nevertheless count on the prince of Bar who, in addition to being a faithful liegeman, is a true french lord, raised in the royal court and, after 1364, brother-in-law of the king. The shaping of the State has thus a french influence. The sovereignty of the prince of Bar can nearly express itself in its entirety, even in the "Barrois Mouvant". The central government grows thanks to the establishment of secretaries and of an Court of account. The Household, witness of the splendour of the prince, grows too. The State asserts itself in exercisinig justice for which the local administration is strenghened. To deal with the debt of the prince, a new tax system is introduced. This State has to face the neighbouring principalities for the hegemony over the region, but the forces being equal a statu quo is maintained: the matrimonial union between the principalities of Bar and Lorraine is an inevitable evolution
Fraysse, Élise. "L'Etat dans la construction doctrinale du droit administratif." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE3041.
Full textTo examine the role of the State in the doctrinal construction of administrative law, it is necessary to look into the relations between the administrative law scholars and the State since their discipline's birth, at the beginning of the 19th century. The period stretching from 1804 to 1870 shows how strongly this era's administrative scholars carry an idea of the State: through administrative law, they manage to legitimise the model of the State as well as the ruling power. They justify the State as it exists then, namely an administrative State hardly concerned about personal liberties. Their Liberal Statism, which consists of defending the interests of the State before the individuals' ones, works in this direction. This however changes at the end of the 19th century with the 3rd Republic, which breathes a fresh wind of liberalism into the doctrine. From 1870 to 1930, this doctrine then endeavours to think theoretically of the State and even, for some authors, to erect a true theory of the State. That said, the 20st century administrative law scholars do not totally break with those of the century before. If their thinking of the State has truly gone, their thought is not without a form of legitimisation of the model of the State. They keep on carrying on a certain form of Statist Liberalism, i. e. a form of liberalism which is not against the State, but by the State
Sild, Nicolas. "Le Gallicanisme et la construction de l'Etat (1563-1905)." Thesis, Paris 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA020039.
Full textBy the properties that characterize it, Catholic Church is often considered, following the example of the State, as a legal system which takes place inside and outside State. Before the 1905 Act, Gallicanism struggles for independance of the Church of France and the State against papacy, encouraging Sovereign’s interventions in ecclesiastical affairs. Gallicanism can be translated in terms of relations between two legal systems, and the matter of this study is to prove this movement has been a momentum in the intellectual building of Modern State through the reflexion of french jurist from the Ancient Monarchy to the end of the 19th century. Church and State are, by many ways, concurrent systems aiming to dominate the same territory and the same subjects. Gallican thoughts present themselves like an answer to these conflicts. Canonical rules promulgated by the Pope or a Council are not self-executing, and have to be approved by the Sovereign to be Law of the State. Gallicanism build a technical discurse based on State sovereignty to preserve a french particularism against the Roman hegemonic threath. Invented to resolve conflicts of competences between ecclesiastical and State’s authorities, the procedure named « appel comme d’abus » gives exclusive power to the State to determine the extent of its competence. Furthermore this procedure subordinates Church of France to State by the judicial review of its administrative acts
Belomo, Essono Pélagie Chantal. "L'ordre et la sécurité publics dans la construction de l'Etat au Cameroun." Phd thesis, Institut d'études politiques de Bordeaux, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00306419.
Full textChidjou, Abdoul Karime. "L'Incidence d'une conception de l'ethnie sur la construction de l'Etat au Bénin." Clermont 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003CLF10257.
Full textSince the Republic was proclamed in december 1958, Benin has been going through successive political systems and country names, "only remained the option of the Republic" (Preambule to the constitution of 1990). But this republic was colored by ethnical and regional particularities, political leaders developed a concept of nation based on the asertion on th suprematie of collective rights. The State of Benin's collapse in 1989 imposed recognition of individual rights, starting from political equality, beyong particularities, conditions and diversity of status. Now, the elected representative will express nation's wishes, gathering the autority essential to any political power and people aspiration to freedom and wellbeing
Struk, Kachani Alexandra. "La construction des politiques de l'autisme : concurrence des acteurs et arbitrage de l'Etat." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BORD0612/document.
Full textThis thesis questions the processes and mecanisms in the emergence of the political problem ofAutism in France. A bottom-up movement has emerged, thanks to the actions of "coalitions ofcauses" (especially those of parents' associations) which have carried out a work of empowerment,in order to appropriate the research work, legitimate themself against the medical power, and claimrights with the public authorities.This reasearch explore the reasons why Autism became a political issue in the mid-1990s untilbeing recognized as a "Great national cause" in 2012. It elaborate an analysis of the process thatchange the status of autism (family problem first, social problem then, and political problem at end)and define the possible public treatment
Blin, Louis. "L'Algérie, du Sahara au Sahel : route transsaharienne, économie pétrolière et construction de l'Etat." Paris 4, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA040067.
Full textAlgeria has decided to build the transsaharan highway after the nationalization of petroleum, following years of unproductive regional co-operation. The Algerian authorities set this road as a model. This project is a symbol of the power given to the state by the hydrocarbons on both internal and external stages, as it was to turn the Sahara into the masterpiece of the establishment of a national territory, as well as it aimed at the reorganization of the regional environment, relating to the situation involved by the petroleum rent. This highway has materialized at one time the new vocation of the Sahara as a root and a stake of power, and the rivalries enhanced between its inhabitants and their states, as well as between the neighboring or non-neighboring countries. Algeria put this project aside after 1978, and sahelian countries built concurrent roads: these phenomenons show the crisis of the petroleum-based economy and the withdrawal of Algerian southern ambitions. On the cultural point of view, the transsaharan highway has lead to the reappraisal of Algeria’s saharan components, in opposition to its Mediterranean leaning during and after the colonization. The Sahara is the base of Algeria’s and even of most of the partly saharan countries ' development. It must not be considered as a peripheric or a transit zone, but as a distinct area. The awareness of belonging to Sahara may be a way for the people of this region to build their own identity
Boko, Akila-Esso François. "La problématique prétorienne dans la construction de l'Etat de droit en Afrique noire francophone." Paris 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA01A004.
Full textGervais, Victor. "Du pétrole à l'armée : les stratégies de construction de l'Etat aux Emirats arabes unis." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011IEPP0044.
Full textThe study explores the relationship between state formation process and war preparation in the United Arab Emirates. It aims to understand the context in which the UAE armed forces have become an essential component of Abu Dhabi state building strategy. By focusing on war preparation as a source of state formation and transformation, it identifies a new set of dynamics that specify political change in the Gulf and serves to establish the bases for a post-rentier reading of state formation process in the region
Legay, Marie-Laure. "Les États provinciaux dans la construction de l'Etat moderne aux XVIIe et XVIIIe siècles /." Genève : Droz, 2001. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb38805011q.
Full textYildirim, Galip Emre. "Sociologie historique de l'Etat turc : une institutionnalisation inachevée." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLN052.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is to analyse the Turkish State as well as the socio-political andeconomic changes experienced by its social entity. It aims to explore, in depth, the difficultconstruction of the state in Turkey in the face of the many problems that profoundly affect its politicaldevelopment. What makes the state fail to achieve a sufficiently strong political integration of theterritory to fit the nation-state model? The question is indeed of a political nature and leads us to tryto understand and explain the nature of Turkish political power; in other words to grasp and study thereality and the specificity of the political order of which the State has been the vector. The challengeis to reflect on the State, its setting, its nature and its scope.This research includes the genesis of the Turkish state, its political and administrative evolution andthe current manifestation. To better understand this, it was necessary to analyse the constructionmechanisms of the state. The current situation of the Turkish state is clearly characterised by thepermanence of the three points that I consider fundamental: the existence of a decisive bureaucracy,the importance of a strong charismatic power and the presence of an army occupying a politicallypowerful place, which limits the independent action of governments. The maintenance of these threefactors has prevented the construction of an institutionalized state with a democratic political system,in the Western sense of the term. This thesis bears witness to the difficulties of constructing a stablepolitical order
El, Kahlaoui Soraya. "Posséder. Construction de l'Etat et résistances aux mécanismes de dépossession dans le Maroc post-2011." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEH202.
Full textThrough two ethnographic studies - one about an informal housing neighbourhood under construction (2012-2013), the other one about the resistance of the Guich Oudaya tribe, expelled from their land at the heart of Rabat (2014-2016), this thesis aims at questioning the practices that marginalized social groups use to claim their right in post-2011 Morocco. Particularly, this study aims at revealing an aspect of the political reconfigurations which followed the various protests of the 20 February movement in 2011 by shedding lights on the dynamics of the conflicts and the power balance established in the confrontation between the State as administrator of the urban order and a population living in the informal world and struggling for their right to housing. The struggles of this « informal people » are rooted in a long historical process engendered by colonialism. The colonial power extensively destroyed the modes of territorial management through the urbanisation of Morocco. This urbanisation process, based on mechanisms of dispossession, caused a spatial segregation built on the separation between the modern and the informal spaces. Indeed, with the establishment of the colonial/modern cities, the lack of work and of state housing has led to the development of « shanty towns » in the periphery of urban areas and the creation of an informal economy. In these zones of urban marginality and always from a situation of semi-legality, these populations were obliged to contest the state. If this situation of semi-legality structures their fights and shapes their forms of organization, it also places these populations in direct confrontation with one of the main privileges of the modern State: that to define the outlines of the property right
Massamba, Makoumbou Jean-Serge. "Contribution à l'étude des politiques de la mémoire dans la construction de l'Etat en Afrique." Thesis, Paris Est, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PEST2013.
Full textBuilding peace following a conflict reveals the importance of the role of the memory as witnessed by the increased importance of the memory policies witch are responsible of conflicts and the change of political regimes. This undertaking remains subject to the knowledge, or lack of it, of the serious violations of the rights of man, and the material and symbolic redress for victims seeking recognition as well as the rewriting of history with the aim of changing stereotypes at the origin of conflicts within a particular community.Given the absence of an independent judicial system and a third party State, the memory policies initiated in the resolution of Congolese conflicts tend towards legitimizing an authoritarian political regime rather than promoting reconciliation. The constitutionalizing of peace, the limited accusation of war criminals and the deficit of “congolité” reveals the inadequacy of these policies, and the continuance of the international pardon policies.In light of this, the edification of a positive peace that differs from a simple cessation of the hostilities requires the establishment of a correlation between forgiveness and justice in a quest for accountability. This approach calls for a fresh attitude capable of favouring the transformation of the negative behaviours into rational positions with the aim of forgetting past outrages in order to work toward promoting a new innovative communal life. If the establishment of the future resolution mechanisms appear to be a major factor, any withdrawal from a crisis remains partial when not associated with a process of reconciliation
Vallat, Jean-Philippe. "La politique familiale en France (1945-2001) : construction des intérêts sociaux et transformations de l'Etat-providence." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002IEPP0010.
Full textDerdaele, Elodie. "La construction constitutionnelle de la nation et de l'Etat en Afrique du Sud : l'unité dans la diversité." Nancy 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998NAN20016.
Full textSince 1994, South Africa has created a new constitutional order to put a definitive end to apartheid. From now on, the constitutional ideal rests on the concept of unity in diversity, explicitly legally established in the preamble of the final constitution. Equality, nondiscrimination, the universality of citizenship, and the rights and freedoms (generally admitted in liberal democracies) are also legally established, making the principle of equality one of the cornerstones of the constitution. Now the idea of equality as well as the principle of national reconciliation goes hand in hand with the attempt of establishing and promoting national unity. The state, although decentralized, also is seeing its preeminence assured from the moment that the national interest justifies it. This will mean creating a new state nation. However, because of their cultural diversity, the South Africans can't accept unification if they must lose their separate identities. The communities’ demands have driven the government to take the multicultural character on the society into consideration. The republic of South Africa is officially multilingual. It recognizes the authority of the African Negro traditional chiefs, the customs and the rites practiced in the country, and the right to practice, individually or collectively, the culture, language and religion of one's choice. Moreover, whether on the cultural or political plan, the cultural communities don't benefit from a status of public law. They are not politically represented in this way, and can either inhibit the freedom of their members or discriminate against them. Cultural rights are thus recognized so the individual is able to express his or her identity. Therefore the state has for its mission statement to promote the unity and the diversity of this heterogeneous and multicultural society, for which unity cannot be realized without the acceptance of the diversity of the social body, which rests on the implicit recognition of all the cu
Rambour, Muriel. "Post-nationalisme et intégration politique communautaire : réflexions sur l'avenir de l'Etat-Nation face à la construction européenne." Université Robert Schuman (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004STR30018.
Full textThe process of European integration and the discussion of its political prospects lead to examine the place of the states in this new configuration. This thesis aims at mobilizing the post-national view, mainly inspired by the German philosopher Jürgen Habermas, in order to explore this simultaneous movement of European construction and internal changes in the nation-state. Such a scientific posture offers two major interests. It makes it possible to focus, in a critical manner, on the problematic of the political and institutional structure of the European Union. Post-national theory can also be used in order to study citizens' implication in the current debale about the European project. The relevance of this conceptual framework can then be evaluated according to the assertions defended by various actors, such as national political leaders, European institutions and thelr representatives, "think tanks" and other members of the "civil society". This analytical confrontation shows that post-national theory is quite a guideline in the debates about the purposes of the European integration, as weil as in the way ta conceive the democratic adaptations induced - and at the same time required - by this process
Barlagiannis, Athanasios. "Hygiène publique et construction de l'Etat grec, 1833-1845 : la police sanitaire et l'ordre public de la santé." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017EHES0044.
Full textThis study is about the organization of public hygiene in the kingdom of Greece between 1833, when prince Otto of Bavaria ascends to the throne, and 1845, when the political and epidemiological frontiers of the kingdom are traced by a complete system of lazarettos and sanitary offices. We will firstly analyze the structures of sanitary prevention in the interior of the country (vaccinators, public health doctors, municipal doctors) as well as at its frontiers, and then we will focus on the measures against contagious diseases (such as the plague and smallpox) and against miasmas. We are also interested in examining the main diseases that determine the mortality of the period under scrutiny and the medical theories that explain the applicable sanitary measures. At the same time, we will review some of the aspects of the classical distinction of Erwin Ackerknecht between contagionism and miasmatic theory. Finally, we will study the difficult formation of an official group of medical professionals. The interest in public hygiene imposes the study of the biological construction of the state and, subsequently, of the state itself. Public hygiene defines the threats which it tries to prevent, and it creates and secures the collectivity. In the Police State of the cameralist king Otto, these developments are controlled by the bureaucracy, the administration, the public force and the science of medical police. Its purpose is to construct and order the public space, the space of state action, which is natural as well as social. This action of ordering imposes the centralization of health and at the same time it normalizes the natural elements and the social forces so that they can coordinate without resistance; in other words, the action of ordering pacifies. Medical police controls these processes by reconfiguring the ties that bind individuals with each other and with the geography, the nature and their diseases
Brondino, Laura. "Les pouvoirs intermédiaires et la construction de l'Etat mexicain. Les jefes políticos de l'état du Yucatán (1878-1902)." Thesis, Paris 4, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA040126.
Full textThis research studies the establishment of the hierarchical power of the Mexican State in its territories on the local scale. It focuses on the case study of the federated state of Yucatán. An intermediary civil official, the jefe político is introduced step by step between the governor and the municipal powers, this institution is achieved during the last quarter of the 19th century. He is, on the one hand, the agent of the state authority in the partidos (districts) and, on the other hand, the official intermediary between the executive power, the municipal authorities and the society, as the voice of the local requests. This double-acting office, essentially based on public relations, enables us to analyze the imbrications rather than the contrasts between the State establishment and the non-state powers in the Mexican State building, in order to clear up the specific character of the Mexican State and to explain the mechanisms by which the porfirian government could last in time by adapting to the existent socio-political actors and by using them into its service
CERQUEIRA, DE BRITO LUIS MANUEL. "Le frelimo et la construction de l'etat national au mozambique. Le sens de la reference au marxisme (1962-1983)." Paris 8, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA080616.
Full textFrelimo has developed since the period of the independence struggle a political line whose main reference was marxism. However, the analysis of the liberation struggle history and that of the party's policies after independence (until the mid-eighties) shows that mozambique has not experienced a true process of socialist transition. In reality, marxism has been used by frelimo's leadership essentialy as an instrument for his project of creation of the mozambican nation through the state
ALAM, ADIL MASOOD. "Influence de gammes de tournage sur l'etat de surface et la fatigue en endurance limitee d'un acier de construction." Toulouse 3, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998TOU30108.
Full textQuiroz, Lissell. "Du service du roi au service de la République : haute magistrature et construction de l'Etat au Pérou (1810-1870)." Paris 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA010586.
Full textTassembedo, Claude Aimé. "De la capacité intégrative de l'état mossi précolonial à la construction de l'Etat-nation Burkinabè : esquisse d'une théorie politique d'intégration." Paris 8, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA081789.
Full textGouzévitch. "Le transfert du savoir technique et scientifique et la construction de l'Etat russe (fin du XVe-début du XIXe siècle)." Paris 8, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA081925.
Full textGnanho, Thierry Cohovi. "Les implications de la construction de l'Etat de droit au bénin et leur influence sur le processus du développement durable." Nice, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000NICE0054.
Full textRenaut, Laurène. "Le concept d'étrangeté (ghurba) dans la construction identitaire des cyber-militants de l'Etat Islamique. Ethnographie d'une djihadosphère entre 2018 et 2022." Electronic Thesis or Diss., CY Cergy Paris Université, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023CYUN1274.
Full textThis thesis, at the crossroads of Discourse Analysis and Information and Communication Sciences, questions the concept of strangeness (ghurba) in online Salafist jihadist discourse, and more specifically in the identity construction of EI supporters. The research is based on an ethnographic survey of the Facebook jihadosphere, where we observe, incognito, individuals practicing media jihad. A protocol (involving observation, a grid of criteria attesting to adherence to jihadist ideology, a mixed methodology for data collection and an ethical framework) was drawn up in contact with the respondents. To analyze the data from this fieldwork, we used a "techno-semio-discursive methodology" (Rondot, 2015), based on a discursive approach, while taking into account non-verbal signs and the characteristics of the device invested. We show that beyond being a dominant theme of jihadist discourse, the concept of strangeness (as mobilized by these militants) founds an ontology; governs their digital representations; and guides their online conducts. In this way, it constitutes the ideological matrix of the discourse of EI supporters on Facebook. With this work, we intend to shed new light on the Salafist jihadist commitment via the conceptual prism of strangeness
López, Elvira. "Le processus de construction de l'Etat au Chili : une étude à travers l'organisation des finances publiques et de la bureaucratie (1817-1860)." Paris, EHESS, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013EHES0072.
Full textLa tesis aborda el proceso de construcción estatal en Chile durante los años 1817-1860, a partir del estudio de la organización de la hacienda pública y la formación de un cuerpo burocrático. El análisis de las finanzas y de la creacion de una burocracia estatal permite observar las transformaciones, los cambios y continuidades que supone la ruptura dei pacto colonial. La formacion y afianzamiento dei Estado están lejos de caracterizarse por una evolución clara y lineal; este es un proceso complejo, que presenta avances y retrocesos, y una negociación constante entre aquello que se hereda y lo que se busca construir. En el caso chileno, esta dicotomia entre el apego a la tradición y a lo moderno estuvo muy marcada por los vaivenes de la guerra; y si el resultado fue el afianzamiento de un modelo republicano de raigambre liberal y de una economia orientada al comercio exterior, ello tuvo mucho de coyuntural y de pragmático. El estudio de la organización de la hacienda pública muestra que la creación de una estructura e institucionalidad ecónmica. Representa el principal desafio del proceso de construcción estatal tras la independencia, pues sólo en la medida que se cu enta con recursos se puede hacer la guerra y defender una entidad politica independiente. A lo largo del trabajo se cuestiona también la "excepcionalidad" dei modelo estatal chileno, apuntando a las bases de la exitosa y temprana instauración de un modelo politico-económico centralista que perdurará en el tiempo. En suma, la tesis se pregunta sobre el : proceso de formación estatal, des de una mirada que engloba el discurso oficial y juridico, y la realidad local y particular de los sujetos que vivieron dicho proceso
Wlodarczyk, Marion. "La souveraineté de l'Etat à l'épreuve de la construction européenne : analyse sociologique de la stratégie étatique en matière d'éloignement forcé des étrangers." Paris, EHESS, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011EHES0080.
Full textThis research questions the evolution of State sovereignty induced by the European construction through a careful analysis of migrants' forced return policy. The analysis is based on the study of the legal texts as weIl as on a survey of six months in the region of Calais. As it is highly symbolic and traditionally controlled only by State institutions, migrants' expulsion and re-admission policies enable the sociologist to identify the consequences of the introduction of the European actor in this field. The aim of this thesis is to show that the State has had to change the way it exercises sovereignty in order to remain a central actor on the European political scene. Firstly, it was necessary to elaborate a sociological definition of sovereignty: by using the method of ideal type, it appears that it can be defined through two dimensions, the will and the potentia. With this theoretical frame, it has been possible to study the exercise of the "supreme power". The survey led among the State services involved in migrants' forced return policy in Calais ("Police Aux Frontières" and "Préfecture") shows that the State endeavours to be in charge more of the implementation of the policy than of its elaboration. This movement of internaI re-structuring of sovereignty, that can be summed up by these terms "power is the exercise of power", seems to be an efficient strategy on a highly competitive political scene
Azaïs, Thierry. "Synthese et etude par rmn multinucleaire a l'etat solide de clusters al-o-p, modeles d'unites de construction secondaires de materiaux microporeux." Paris 6, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA066261.
Full textBlanc, Agnès. "La langue du roi est le français : essai sur la construction juridique d'un principe d'unicité de langue de l'Etat royal, 842-1789." Perpignan, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PERP0802.
Full textHaving its existence in positive law born of the relationship between the state’s striving for political unity and the instrumentalisation to this end of a single language, the French language’s first appearance in the history of French institutions took place during the period of royal sovereignty. This thesis aims to trace through historical analysis the genesis of this relationship between linguistic unicity and state unity. Roman, the ancestor of modern French, was at first the language of the Francia occidentalis judging from the oaths sworn at Strasbourg in AD 842 and the treaty of Verdun in AD 843. The institution of linguistic unity became henceforth in theory the criteria of the unity of the state in France. With the emergence of the feudal system and the linguistic disparities that in encouraged, this criteria of linguistic identity evolved and gradually imposed itself as royal sovereignty was reconstituted : as the state reconstructed itself and condensed around a sole power, the unity of language became embodied in the choice of the french language. The frech language became henceforth the unique language in which royal sovereignty was expressed. The emergence of the absolutism of the 16th century conscrated this irreversible change and is testified to by different way marks : the ruling of Villers-Cotterêts of 1539 imposed royal vernacular in the communication of the judiciary, putting an end to the dichotomy, characteristic of sovereign utterances, which prevailed thereunto, in which legislation took place in French and judgement in latin. It is this principle, new for the era, which was applied in different conquests : the language of the king, guarantee of his sovereignty, became one of the principal intruments of management and assimilation of new territories
Shtembari, Arber. "Après la guerre : Mobilisations et luttes pour la reconnaissance. Contribution à une analyse sociohistorique de la construction de l'Etat au Kosovo (1945-2012)." Thesis, Limoges, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIMO0057.
Full textThis thesis examines jointly, the mobilizations and the classification struggles of the post-war groups in Kosovo after 1999, focusing on the access procedures toward their legal and legitimate recognition. It also analyzes the State formation process in Kosovo and the production of its symbolic forms of consecration. Two main contributions of this work are: First, it highlights a number of issues on post-war groups formation, identification, lifestyles and definition (civils victims, war veterans, war prisoners, families of missing persons, etc.) needing reflection and it questions the conventional wisdom. Second, it examines the complex relationships between the symbolic domination work of the State in Kosovo and the struggles of post-war groups in freeing from their social condition
Tshiyembe, Mwayila. "Etat et société en Afrique : construction étatique et désintégration sociale : essai sur une théorie sociologique de fondation de l'Etat plural en Afrique noire." Nancy 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995NAN20023.
Full textThe founding theory of the plural state, an alternative model of constructing the state and civil society, is a precolonial invention of African societies embracing the specific historical and cultural experience of precolonial black Africa. Tree key postulates follow from the underlying logic of plural state theory. The first is its antinomy with the European concept of nation-state. The second resides in its irreducibility to the nation-state concept and this in spite of minor features shared with the latter here and there. The third has to do with the principal reason accounting for the failure of the different attempts to forge a nation-state in black Africa: the absence of a formal theory on the plural state and its irreducibility to the nation-state concept. Two inescapable conclusions emerge. Firstly, the nation-state solution, in addition to not being a universal panacea, leads to a head end in black Africa. Secondly, for the challenge of democratic change in black Africa to have a collective and popular meaning, it must propose a global project aimed at reinventing and reviving the ditunga which is an embodiment of the values and principles of the precolonial African model of the plural state
Lehtinen, Terhi. "Nation à la marge de l'Etat : la construction identaire du Mouvement Culturel Amazigh dans l'espace national marocain et au-delà des frontières étatiques." Paris, EHESS, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003EHES0133.
Full textMarrel, Guillaume. "L'élu et son double : cumul des mandats et construction de l'Etat républicain en France du milieu du XIXème au milieu du XXème siècle." Grenoble 2, 2003. https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01691408.
Full textMancini, Flavia. "Naissance et développement d'une magistrature administrative : la Congrégation du Buon Governo de l'Etat Pontifical (16ème - 19ème siècles)." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017EHES0161.
Full textThis PhD thesis aims to investigate the theme of the birth and development of modern state institutions, starting from the analysis of an organ of the temporal Church government, the Sacra Congregatio Boni Regiminis, established by Clement VIII in 1592 with the Bulla Pro Commissa a Domino, and responsible for the administration and management of the internal affairs of the Papal State until its suppression in 1847.The Papal State is in fact currently regarded by many academics as a real political laboratory/workshop, where institutional innovations intended to be placed and accepted by most of early modern States were tested.For this reason, a preliminary analysis examining the field of local administration seemed to be very useful and appropriate, as this matter shows how the Pope legitimizes his empire not only in the religious sphere, but also in the temporal one: cloaked in the spiritual robe, in the exercise of his powers, he pursues purely secular objectives.The study of a body as Buon Governo makes it possible to examine the phenomenon of the setting up of the modern state structures from a privileged point of view. This also allows us to focus on the relationship between central government and local communities.The action of Buon Governo relating to local/territorial administration testifies the reality of a body which is entrusted not only with structures typical of an actual ministry, with insightful administrative powers of supervision and control over local finances, but also with judicial competences and powers. Driven by this dual nature, the Papal temporal government thus reveals a configuration considered by Paolo Prodi as anticipatory of typical of modern states, showing an internal structure that branches out into organisms and systems capable of managing and exercising, even at the peripheral level, a very penetrating control on local realities.As mentioned, since 16th century, the Papal State has demonstrated a certain precocity in the process of institutional modernization, an ideal substrate for the birth of the Buon Governo.The work of the Congregatio Boni Regiminis is organized on a double level: it is not only responsible for the management and administration in enforcing judgments emanating from the center, but it has also judicial functions and competences in relation to the same issues.Administrative functions are principally reflected in the supervision and control of local finances: in this way the Papal State gradually put in place a system of centralized financial control.The reality just described is clearly shown in particular in the field of common properties (woods, pastures, etc.): this is in fact one of the subjects in which the Sacra Congregatio exercises both functions and powers, proto-administrative and properly judicial.The issue of the ownership of common properties becomes crucial when they are wrongly involved in the Pope Pio VII economic reform program: the aim of the motu proprio of 19 march 1801, and the subsequent ones of 1803 and 1807, is in fact to transfer to the Papal State – and in particular to the Reverenda Camera Apostolica – all debts contracted and not honored by local institutions in exchange of the assignment of all their properties (“beni comunitativi”). Among them they were wrongly included also common properties: they belong to communities, and not to local institutions.In this way, common properties, of which people and individuals belonging to a given community are owners, and towards them local institutions arise only in terms of “exponential” entity (they only have representative powers), are mistakenly included in the act of “incameramento”, coming to determine in this way a series of appeals to the Buon Governo, responsible for managing all the Apostolic Camera fiscal operations
Kiamba, Claude-Ernest. "Construction de l'Etat et Politiques de l'Enseignement au Congo-Brazzaville, de 1911 à 1997. Une contribution à l'analyse de l'Action publique en Afrique noire." Phd thesis, Institut d'études politiques de Bordeaux, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00305675.
Full textMulamba, Ngandu Roger. "Construction et déconstruction du patrimoine foncier et immobilier de l'Etat dans la ville de Kananga en République démocratique du Congo, de 1885 à 2011." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/251901.
Full textDoctorat en Histoire, histoire de l'art et archéologie
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Jean-Baptiste(-Altbuch), Mathieu. "Le divin, l'Etat et le droit international : essai sur l'apport de la pensée biblique et du religieux dans la construction du droit international contemporain." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX32043.
Full textThe interweaving of divine and religious, on one hand, of law and noticeably of international law on the other hand, is a matter which topicality hits the observer. After decades during which secularisation and the end of History may have hidden such an interweaving, the latter suddenly came back to appear to the Western eye at the beginning of the 21st century. A more careful examination demonstrates that the withdrawal of divine and religious from the law field was an impression mainly felt in the last two centuries West: it did not affect identically all state and, inside, all of the states. If it is insisted in this work on the Bible, more than in the sacred texts of other religions, it is precisely because the Bible influenced the West, which is the geographical and intellectual area where the secularisation movement was born. It is in this area that central concepts of international law, as state and sovereignty, dawned. Both two concepts are influenced by the reading of the Biblical text, and the Christian viewpoint is presented here as well as the Jewish viewpoint. Both those viewpoints have fed debates, of which one opposed controversially two of the major 20th Century law philosophers. This controversy illustrates the limits of the intellectual movement of secularisation, which interests first and foremost national public law and international law. As a matter of fact, secularisation does not prevent state to figure itself as a new shape of divinity, which goods offered to the citizens are called welfare (“providence” in French). The main expression of the social contract, the Constitution, includes in numerous cases explicit references to divine and to religion. Those are even more underlined in the particular case of the relations between Israel and the Holy See, two states owe much to the Bible, though in different scales and in interpretations that have long lastingly prevented the recognising of one by the other. There again, divine and religious go on imprinting public and international law
Salcedo, Cécile. "La transition démocratique sud-africaine : essai sur l'émergence d'un droit public de la reconstruction de l'Etat." Aix-Marseille 3, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AIX32050.
Full textIn 1994, South Africa knew its first democratic elections. Sixteen years later, and four general elections, the country seems to have made a success of its bet of a democratic South Africa. The strong tensions which remained at the end of the apartheid regime let not at all augur a democratic and peaceful transition. The will of the negotiating parties to reach an optimal compromise and confidence in the rule of law guided the country in its choices. South Africa chose to supervise the slightest details of its transformation by the law. The Republic of South Africa demonstrated the importance that the law can take on the reconstruction of the State, by appealing to characteristic elements of the democratic transitions, such as constitutionalism, more specific instruments, such as a Truth Commission and egalitarian policies. This last one is mainly registered in two constitutions, "temporary" and "definitive". These not only allowed the passage of the apartheid regime towards a democratic one, but they also registered the bases of a new transitional justice, through a Truth and reconciliation commission of a new kind. They also began a reparation policy, with egalitarian aims, and registered in a global project of State building. Choices made by South Africa in transition and in State building can be source of inspiration for number of States in transition
Cho, Inhaeng. "Le processus d'industrialisation en Corée : le rôle de l'Etat dans la construction dynamique de la capacité technologique des années soixante aux années quatre vingt dix." Paris 13, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA131025.
Full textOver the period 1960-1990, Korea knew a considerable economic growth and a constant industrial dynamism based on an extravert model of exports growth. This economic success is often interpreted as the proof of the superiority of the free operation of the market. This thesis proposes to highlight the role of the State instead of market as paramount actor in the construction of the domestic technical capabilities, which are essential for the absorption of imported technologies. In presence “market failures”, Korea implemented a policy devoted to the promotion of the technical and industrial development, featured by a functional, selective, strategic and corrective involvement of the State. Beyond macro-economic stability, the State promoted the technical effort, the rising of physical and human capitals. Thus, the State ensured the evolution of local contents in technology and the industrial expansion toward local technical contents in more and more complex technology
De, Simone Sara. "State-building South Sudan : discourses, practices and actors of a negotiated project ( 1999-2013)." Thesis, Paris 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA01D083/document.
Full textState-building programs supported by the international donor community since the end of the 1990s in post-conflict contexts have often been considered ineffective. Analyzing the state-building enterprise in South Sudan in a historical perspective, this thesis shows how these programs, portrayed as technical and apolitical, intertwine with the longer term process of state formation with its cumulative and negotiated character. This negotiation occurs in an arena created by the encounter between international programs and local actors. The thesis will focus on three sectors in which the “local communities” have been given an important role as rightbearing subjects: the local government reform, the delivery of basic services and the land reform. As collective rights to land, services and self-rule are managed by traditional authorities, the customary sphere overlaps with the bureaucratic sphere of the modern state, encouraging the ethnicization of South Sudanese politics. The formulation of laws and policies in these three sectors provides the “rules of the games” influencing local actors' interaction with the state, as they understand them to be necessary to gain access to state resources. Two kinds of dynamics emerge from these interactions: horizontal ethnic fragmentation and vertical patronage relationships. Discourses on administrative effectiveness and efficiency create a communal subject which contributes to re-politicize (and ethnicize) the statebuilding process through the appropriation of these discourses by local population and their traditional authorities
Lambert, Guy. "L'architecte et la figure de l'expert, au service de l'Etat sous la Troisième République : Cultures et stratégies professionnelles : Autour de Paul Guadet (1873-1931)." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007VERS025S.
Full textThe activities of Paul Guadet within the framework of state departments (Civil Buildings and National Palaces, Foreign Affairs Ministry, Postal Services and Technical Education) illustrate a number of the public practices of architecture: along with the conception and management of public building projects and/or their upkeep, the civil servant-architect also had an advisory role and a counselling mission laid down by the civil service that employed him. Investigated in terms of professional skills, knowledge, authority and strategies, the analysis of this role of “expert” requires studying the processes that established the architect’s public career and personal stance, even before his being hired in the public services, but also understanding the interactions between his theoretical conceptions, his architectural production and his involvement with collective bodies, further outlined and exemplified by the confrontation with his fellow architects that occurred at the time
Sanchez, Stéphanie. "Efficacité mythique et construction nationale : le cas des mythes entropiques en Colombie : Récurrence de la violence, précarité de l'Etat et naissance d'une identité problématique dans un contexte de crise." Aix-Marseille 3, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001AIX32034.
Full textThis research consists in explaining the specific aspects of the Colombian political system - notably the recurrence of violence, the weakness of the State and the tendency toward "parainstitutionality" - by the presence of atypical political myths that we call "entropic". The body of the thesis is preceded by an introductory section intended to clarify the concept of myth : after distinguishing it from related terms and defining it, we put forward a typology of political myths significant in modern societies and we establish a relationship between political myths and nation building. While the myths observed in most societies, which inspire most theories of nation building, work toward unity (they constitute the foundation of nation building and are therefore a source of political legitimacy), the Colombian myths favour the division of the entire society. .
Yernault, Dimitri. "L'Etat et la propriété: permanences et mutations du droit public économique en Belgique de 1830 à 2011." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209832.
Full textMalgré ces mutations, le droit public économique n’en présente pas moins une structure permanente qui s’articule autour de cinq grandes relations existant entre les institutions juridiques de l’État et de la propriété :1/ l’État dessine les régimes de propriété ;2/ l’État est lui-même propriétaire ;3/ l’État police et régule les usages de le propriété ;4/ l’État soutient selon les circonstances certaines catégories de propriétaires ;5/ l’État redistribue certains fruits et influences tirés de la propriété.
Si la thèse porte essentiellement sur la période qui court de l’Indépendance à la veille de la sixième réforme de l’État, d’une part, et alors que la Belgique connaît une crise des finances privées et publiques enclenchée en 2008, d’autre part, elle offre à la fois une histoire inédite de la législation économique et un examen minutieux des grandes questions contemporaines qui agitent le droit public économique. Elle aborde ces mouvements longs en trois grandes parties (de 1830 à 1919 aux temps du suffrage restreint ;de 1919 à 1980 de l’avènement du suffrage universel à la crise de la fin des Trente Glorieuses ;de 1980 à nos jours, soit depuis l’installation concomitante du fédéralisme et du primat de la concurrence).
S’intéressant au mouvement communal comme au droit colonial, au sauvetage des secteurs jugés systémiques comme à la fondation de grands organismes d’intérêt public, à la régulation comme à la soi-disant subsidiarité fonctionnelle de l’État, la dissertation vérifie l’hypothèse selon laquelle un droit qui a pour objet la politique économique repose sur l’ensemble des cinq grands rapports identifiés que nouent l’État et la propriété. Elle permet ainsi de mieux appréhender ce qu’est la vraie "Constitution économique" de la Belgique, laquelle est loin d’être portée par sa seule Constitution écrite.
Doctorat en Sciences juridiques
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Caille, Frédéric. "Les instruments de la vertu : l'Etat, le citoyen et la figure du sauveteur en France : construction sociale et usages politiques de l'exemplarité morale de la fin de l'Ancien Régime à 1914." Grenoble 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997GRE21005.
Full textThis study tries to apprehend the comprehension of the concrete republican citizenship. In this aim, it proposes to think about the role played by the massive social promotion of morally exemplary behaviours in the acceptance and putting into practice, at the end of 19th century, of this kind of social and political link model. The work considers the procedures developped to this effect, and more specifically the ones which concern the generic figure of the devoted, helpful and courageous individual : the rescuer. The first part introduces three types of procedures. First, the official honorary distinctions for acts of courage and devotion, presented in the context of the growth of civil distinctions during the 19th century, and in the detail of their institutionalization. Secondly, the prices of virtue awarded by the "academie francaise" and the other provincial academic societies, institutions which grew in an amazing fashion from 1866. Third, the national society of the encouragement to the good, a private association established in 1864 and which acquired during the third republic the status of a real national institution. The second part examines the social and political uses of the rescuer figure, beginning by the investigation of the popular press and the political and media management of the "bazar de la charite" fire. The genesis of the rescuers associations, their promotors and their political viewpoint untill the begining of the 20th century are described afterwards. Mutual aid associations between decorated rescuers, rescuing societies, first-aid workers and "athletic rescue" are characterized in fact by the promotion of virtuous behaviours. We conclude with the analysis of the failed passage of the legislation concerning the indemnization of injured rescuers. The general conclusion returns on the political reconstruction of "citizenship", which is shown by the various political uses of moral exemplarity
Sainovic, Ardijan. "Acteurs locaux et acteurs internationaux dans la construction de l’Etat. : Une approche interactionniste du cas du Kosovo." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BORD0765.
Full textHow can international actors build legitimate institutions following intra-state conflict? In other words, what factors determine the outcome of post-conflict statebuilding? On the one hand, the dominant approach, termed "technical", argues that significant resources (financial, human and political) allow international actors to build the required institutions. In Kosovo, international actors have established an international administration with executive powers, extending and sustaining resources throughout process. However, the success of statebuilding generally is mixed. On the other hand, the so-called "liberal peace" paradigm affirms that liberalization (political and economic) is a contributing factor to the limited success of post-conflict operations because it is either misapplied, illegitimate or even dangerous for societies emerging from violent conflicts. The liberal peace approach neglects these facts and ignores variations in international intentions. It is based, as is the technical approach, on an implicit (erroneous) assumption of an asymmetry in power relationships in favor of international actors. The result is that, these approaches fail to acknowledge the possibility of local actors resisting international standards and objectives.To explain variations in the success of statebuilding, we present an alternative theoretical model where a multi-level, sequential approach is modeled to a two-level game. Our thesis is as follows: variations in the statebuilding success are the function of strategic interactions, themselves determined by changes both in preferences and the power relationships between international actors and domestic political elites. Statebuilding is seen here as an interactive process, potentially linking three key actors who dominate any post-conflict political landscape. In unique conditions, no statebuilding process or international reforms need pose a threat to the political power of local elites - power derived from two pillars, i.e. nationalism and informal practices. Rather, international actors mobilise sufficient resources to induce local elites to adopt and implement the desired reforms.However, the preferences of the actors are very rarely aligned. In the case of Kosovo, it has been shown that international statebuilding has been instrumentalized and undermined by divergent and contradictory preferences among key actors. The international actors’ desire was to create a democratic and multinational state, but they opted for stability instead because they had to deal with local political elites - Kosovar-Albanian and Kosovar-Serb. The latter were concerned about maintaining their power over, and domination of, their group over others as well as maintaining leadership within their own group. This has led to a multiplication of authorities and a fragmentation of legitimacy: two distinct political and social systems persist, preventing the development of a cohesive and multinational state. While EU intervention has brought about a game change and helped to calm the situation on the ground, tensions persist, reaffirming the compromise that has taken place
Meunier, Jules-Mathieu. "Le 1 % logement : la participation d'une institution paritaire à la production de l'action publique : genèse, perte de légitimité et reprise en main par l'Etat." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01072245.
Full textMeunier, Jules. "Le 1 % logement : la participation d'une institution paritaire à la production de l'action publique : genèse, perte de légitimité et reprise en main par l'Etat." Thesis, Paris Est, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PEST1154/document.
Full textBy transferring to public authorities the capacity to decide on the employment(use) of the Participation of the employers in the effort of construction ( PEEC), the law of mobilization for the accommodation(housing) and the fight against social exclusion of March 25th, 2009 transformed in depth the organization of the housing 1 %. The object of the search(research) is to bring to light factors(mailmen) at the origin of such an inflection
Canelas, Rapaz Paulo José. "Le Président de la république portugaise : la construction de la figure présidentielle portugaise depuis 1986." Thesis, Paris 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA020075/document.
Full textThis doctoral dissertation tells what the President of the Portuguese Republic is and gives it a name. To this end, it shows how the Portuguese presidential figure has built itself since 1986, since the Portuguese democracy has no more been under the “shadow of swords”. To reach this goal, the dissertation begins by focusing on the president’s legitimacy, direct but unpartisan. Its particular legitimacy cannot be understood without referring to Portugal’s political and constitutional history which went through fragmented parliamentarism and personal dictatorship. Then it considers the presidential position within the Portuguese constitutional framework using its powers and looking into its relations with the Government as a function and as an organ. If the Portuguese presidency does not fix the country general policy, it does take part in the State’s will formation due to the emergence of a proper magistracy. Speech and field acts have given a reality to the President beyond the constitutional purview. Finally, this doctoral dissertation infers the qualification of the Portuguese political regime and ends by naming the Portuguese presidential figure, as it has been built and as it has been built itself