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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Construction contracts'
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1
Seibert, Guilherme. "Os contratos de EPC : entre tipicidade e atipicidade." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/170681.
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O presente trabalho analisa a qualificação do tipo social do contrato de EPC (Engineering, Procurement and Construction) na ordem jurídica brasileira em face do tipo legal do contrato de empreitada. Investiga-se, portanto, a existência de identidade ou diferença entre ambos os tipos a fim de que se possa dar ao EPC a devida qualificação jurídica. Para isso, no Capítulo I, são apresentados os caracteres gerais dos contratos de construção, com foco na delimitação do espaço normativo específico ocupado pelo contrato de empreitada. No Capítulo II, apresenta-se o Contrato de EPC. São delineadas suas principais características gerais para que, em um segundo momento, possa-se aprofundar a análise a partir do emprego do método tipológico. Por fim, no Capítulo III, demonstra-se a forma como o regulamento dos contratos atípicos mistos em geral é construído para, posteriormente, analisar-se a formação do regulamento do EPC em seus principais pontos.The present work analyzes the qualification of the social type of the EPC Contract (Engineering, Procurement and Construction) in the Brazilian legal order in consideration with the legal type of the works and supply contract. It is therefore investigated the existence of an identity or difference between the two contractual types in order to give the EPC the appropriate legal status. For this purpose, in Chapter I the general characteristics of construction contracts are presented, focusing on the delimitation of the specific normative space occupied by the works and supply contract. In Chapter II, the EPC Contract is presented. Its main general characteristics are presented so that, in a second moment, one can deepen the analysis using the typological method. Finally, Chapter III demonstrates the way in which the regulation of mixed atypical contracts in general is constructed, so that it can be analyzed the formation of the EPC regulation in its main points.
2
Sancho, Calderón Diego. "Selection of contract type in construction contracts: Lump-Sum, Target-cost and Cost-plus contracts." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen för industriell ekonomi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-14823.
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The construction contract is a document which governs the business relationship of Contractor and Employer for the duration of a construction project. However, the selection of the contract type for the project tends to be performed too shallowly. The present thesis aims to analyse how the contract type is chosen among the three paradigmatic contracts considered here: lump-sum contracts, target-cost contracts and cost-plus contracts. The basis of the study is a case study performed on Project X, a large mine construction project in Western Europe. The relevant literature to the subject was reviewed, mainly the principal-agent theory, literature on risk allocation and on contract selection. After identifying several factors which may influence the contract selection in the literature and in a preliminary interview, a survey was conducted to assess their relative influence in general and in particular for the Project X. The survey was responded by a small sample of highly qualified and experienced managers. and was complemented with in-depth interviews with the majority of them. Some research on the project and on contract documents of the NEC standard contract was also performed in order to provide a context of the characteristics of Project X. The findings of the three sources made it possible to confirm the influence on the selection of the contract type of many of the factors proposed. It was possible to shortlist a small number of factors which influenced the most the selection of the contract type for Project X. These were the preferred risk allocation by the parties, the ability to adapt the contract to scope changes, the knowledge of each contract type by the contracting parties, the improvement of the project delivery by the contract type and the aim to enhance cooperation between the parties. Factors not present in previous research were also discovered, such as the different financial costs of the contract types and the requirement of financial information by the funders of the parties. The very different opinions of the respondents to the survey and interviews regarding the selection of the contract type confirm that the parties should consider in more detail that complex process, because by now the parties are not really sure why they are choosing a certain contract type. Further research should be performed in the future to analyse the factors which influenced the contract type selection in other projects. The projects could also be analysed during their whole duration. Other contract types or variants of the three contract types studied in this thesis could also be added to the analysis.
3
Yigit, Muhammet Alper. "Contract Management Behavior Of Turkish Construction Companies In International Contracts." Master's thesis, METU, 2009. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12610374/index.pdf.
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Contract management starts with the contract negotiations and lasts until the end of the contract, and is the process that covers three fundamental functions required to compensate the goals of the projectRelationship Management, Project Delivery, and Administration of the contract. This thesis focused on investigating contract management behavior of Turkish construction companies in international projects. A survey was composed and interviewed with professionals for investigating the contract management behavior of contractors. The survey aimed to investigate
factors influencing contractors&rsquo
behaviors, key success factors for contract management, company contract management organizations, claim issues, and conflict and dispute resolution behavior of firms. 51 companies participated to the survey. The survey results revealed that Turkish contractors consider contract management to be significant for success at international markets. Contractors are aware of the need for a continuous contract management application although this rate cannot be achieved in practice. Considering awareness as a driving factor for improvement it can be estimated that in future Turkish contractors will be managing their contracts in more efficient, organized and systematic ways than today. Results revealed that
contract management behaviors are mostly affected by the risk and complexity of the project, regular contract process is the most impactful process on the success, and change order requests of the owners are the most frequent reasons of claims. According to respondents contract management can reduce number of conflicts and disputes.
4
Williams, Peter J. "Project management and construction contracts." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 1990. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/36460/1/36460_Williams_1990.pdf.
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The concept of the Professional Construction Engineer has emerged and developed
over the past decade in response to pressures for construction capacity within the
Australian Industry. Prior to that time, few contractors employed professional
Engineers. The profession has evolved in response to the need for staff competent to
handle compressed contract periods and technically difficult administration procedures.
Contractors today enter into contracts requiring faster, more economical project
completions. Indeed, to remain competitive, contractors and clients are continually
developing contract conditions of greater complexity. All require a greater degree of
responsibility by the parties to the contract aiming to ensure that practical efficiency
is not lost to legal complexity.
This is not to say that matters of dispute do not arise between contracting parties.
Indeed, contractual claims and disputes have now become an endemic part of the
construction industry. Over the last decade the legal profession now has developed a
defined area of practice known as "construction law". The industry is constantly
reviewing publications and attending law conferences, all supporting a thriving disputes
industry.
In addition to the changing construction environment and changed contract conditions
various construction management techniques and methods have evolved over recent
years. Construction management, project management, guaranteed maximum price and
combinations of contract forms have evolved. All use very sophisticated techniques
such as network based scheduling, cost engineering, project control groups and
documentation procedures. All have been extensively utilised to pursue or deny
construction claims within our legal system.
The following chapters seek to examine the modern contract documents and conditions,
their effects on the law and vice versa, administration of the contract, arbitration, the
modern alternative forms of contract and the need for such flexibility. The chapters are written to relate directly to the Australian Construction Industry to
provide a worthwhile review of the Australian situation which in the past has been
reliant on similar reference and advice from Britain and America.
The thesis seeks to answer the questions:
(a) What are the best methods or forms of contract for contracting parties to
adopt?
(b) Is there any need for changes to attitudes, forms of contract, methods of
contracting?
(c) Who will benefit from the changes and how?
5
Poon, Kan-young, and 潘根濃. "The bidding behavior of contractors in private and public sector construction projects." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/193476.
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This study investigates the behavior of contractors when submitting bids under different institutional arrangements. Construction projects under the private and public sectors in Hong Kong operate under two distinct contractual and bidding arrangements giving different degrees of risk and uncertainty to the contractors. First, private sector projects in Hong Kong invariably adopt conditions of contracts that shift more risk to the contractor. A typical example is private sector projects do not normally allow fluctuation adjustments, thereby shifting the risks of future increase in prices of construction resources to the contractor. Public sector construction projects include fluctuation clauses for projects of duration over 21 months (Later extended to all contracts via Circular DEVB(PS)107/3 dated 18 July 2008). Second, it is common practice for private sector clients to negotiate with the contractors after they have submitted their bids. Although in some cases, private sector clients may also simply accept the lowest tender, bidders would normally anticipate that they are likely to negotiate with them after the bids are opened. This practice, however, is not allowed in public sector projects. For reasons of public accountability, Government tendering procedures do not allow changes to the bid price after the tenders have been submitted and the time for return lapsed (except for specifically approved cases). This requirement basically bars any price negotiation as in the case of private projects. We conjecture that these two differences in institutional arrangements have significant impact on bidders’ behavior, which would be characterized by the distribution and pattern of the submitted bid prices.
Based on records of bid prices for 105 contracts tendered during the period 1997 and 2007, we found that public sector bids are more skewed to the left (or have a longer tail towards the left) than private sector bids, ceteris paribus. This means that low bids for public sector projects are more scattered than those of private sector projects. This result is consistent with the hypothesis that bidders attempt to hide their true bid prices by submitting higher bids when the client is not bound to accept the lowest tender.
The empirical results also suggest that the bid-spread, as defined by the percentage difference between the lowest and second lowest bid, is higher when post tender negotiation is prohibited. Bidders would tend to submit more aggressive bids for public sector projects, knowing that they would not have a second chance to adjust their bid prices at a later stage. This suggests a higher probability of winner’s curse for public sector projects.
For private sector projects that do not include fluctuation clauses, the bid-spread is also affected by the expected risk of future increase in the prices of construction resources. When such risk is high, bidders will become more cautious when submitting their bids and thus resulting in a lower bid-spread.
The bid distributions for public sector project have thicker tails on both ends compared to those of private sector projects due to its prequalification system and the practice of acceptance of the lowest bid. The empirical evidence in this study confirms this. In addition, market conditions, number of bidders, contract size and the proportion of prime cost and provisional sum as a percentage of the contract sum are also important determining factors of biding behavior.
The results of this study show that institutional arrangements matters in determining bidding behavior. Previous studies that attempt to estimate the distribution of bid prices for construction projects have largely ignored the importance of institutional arrangements, which may therefore lead to biased results. The results of this study contribute to our understanding of bidder’s behavior when bidding for construction projects under different institutional arrangements. The understanding will be useful in handling bidding exercises for new construction projects and the advancement of studies on bidding strategy models.published_or_final_version
Real Estate and Construction
Master
Master of Philosophy
6
Williams, Gail Antoinette. "Contract as organisation : an economic analysis of the joint contracts tribunal's standard form of building contract 1980." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/624.
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The objective of this thesis is to consider whether the institutionalist hypothesis that the choice of organisational form functions to limit the transaction costs of organising productive activities explains a major standard-form contract which is used in building production. I approach this task by demarcating three models of contract which represent different points along a "contracting continuum". Each of the three governance structures - classical contract, relational contracting and the firm - represents a distinct patterning of resource co-ordination and each generates its own configuration of transaction costs. Thus the contracting continuum provides a basis for comparing the cost-reducing strengths and weaknesses of governance structures that vary with respect to their characterisation of relations between economic actors, and of the form and substance of both planning and implementation of decisions. The second part of the thesis focuses on the standardform building contract and its location along the contracting continuum. This part of the thesis addresses the question of "transactional fit" between the building contract and the activity which it purports to regulate. The analysis proceeds by identifying sources of transaction costs in the context and in the practices of building production and examining the governance implications of the contractual responses to such costs. 11 In its conclusions the thesis attempts to evaluate the contribution of institutional analysis our understanding of legal conceptions of contract. By using an industry-wide standard-form contract as a focus, I hope to illustrate some of the strengths and also the limitations of this approach. Building contracts have received little academic attention in the UK., and transaction cost analysis of governance structures is a young science which has been pursued with more enthusiasm by economists than by lawyers. As yet there has been little attempt to relate substantive aspects of the lawyer's understanding of contract to the "new institutional economics". It is hoped that this thesis will make a contribution to that exercise.
7
Champion, Ronan. "Acceleration in construction and engineering contracts." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2005. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/acceleration-in-construction-and-engineering-contracts(caf6065f-f99b-40b6-aa76-73dada69ad47).html.
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Palaneeswaran, Ekambaram. "Contractor selection systems for design-build projects." Thesis, Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2000. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B22582150.
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Le, Roux Felix. "The recognition of costs in different phases of completion of a construction contract." Pretoria :[s.n.], 2006. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-04212008-154221.
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Mallmann, Frederico Baptista. "Parâmetros para a interpretação do contrato de shopping center no direito brasileiro : atipicidade e coligação contratual." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/185048.
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Esta dissertação apresenta um estudo a respeito da interpretação do contrato de cessão remunerada de espaço para instalação de loja em shopping center, denominado como “contrato de shopping center”, visando à estipulação de parâmetros hermenêuticos que auxiliem na busca do seu conteúdo. Para isso, procede-se, em primeiro lugar, à devida caracterização deste contrato, em seus aspectos econômico-negociais e jurídicos, que são decisivos para o desenvolvimento do estudo quanto à sua interpretação. Em especial, manifesta relevância o estudo da sua qualificação jurídica, que parte das duas principais discussões percebidas na doutrina e na jurisprudência nesse tocante, a respeito da tipicidade ou atipicidade do contrato e da presença de coligação contratual nesta relação negocial. Expostas as características de cada categoria, compreende-se que o contrato de shopping center é um contrato atípico misto, que apresenta coligação com outros, para a consecução da finalidade socioeconômica do empreendimento. Tal qualificação tem repercussões na interpretação deste contrato, uma vez que atrai a consideração de fatores específicos no processo hermenêutico, em conjunto com a aplicação das normas legais sobre a interpretação dos contratos (arts. 112, 113 e 423 do Código Civil). Assim sendo, com base na doutrina e na análise de precedentes jurisprudenciais, especialmente sobre o contrato de shopping center, estabelece-se que o intérprete desse contrato deve observar a incidência das referidas normas legais sob a perspectiva de tal qualificação contratual, que atrai os seguintes parâmetros interpretativos: pela sua atipicidade mista, a preeminência das disposições contratuais estipuladas pelas partes em face dos modelos legais típicos, considerando a relevância dos usos e costumes na definição desse sentido, mediante o tipo socialmente formado, e a possibilidade de aplicação de tais modelos legais típicos, se não contrariar o significado próprio do contrato; pela presença de coligação contratual, a “ampliação” do material interpretativo, impondo a consideração dos demais contratos vinculados na interpretação do contrato coligado, e a maior relevância da função socioeconômica supracontratual exercida pelos contratos em conjunto para a definição do conteúdo do contrato na coligação.This dissertation presents a study on the construction of the contract for the lease of premises for retail stores in shopping centers - named “shopping center contract” - in order to establish hermeneutic parameters that assist in the definition of its content. For that we will first characterize such contract according to its economic, trading and legal aspects, which are decisive for the development of the study concerning its construction. In special, the study of its legal qualification reveals importance in that matter: this qualification is grounded on two major debates perceived in the jurisprudence and in the case law in this subject - the characterization of the contract as “typical” or “atypical” and the presence of linked contracts in this business relationship. Once the features of each of these categories are exposed, we can understand the “shopping center contract” as a “mixed atypical contract”, which is linked to other contracts for the achievement of the socioeconomic purposes of the enterprise. Such legal qualification has bearing in the construction of the shopping center contract, as it draws the consideration of specific elements in the hermeneutical process, along with the application of statutory rules for the construction of contracts (articles 112, 113 and 423 of the Brazilian Civil Code). Therefore, based on the jurisprudence and on the analysis of case law, specially surrounding the “shopping center contract” in Brazil, we can establish that the legal interpreter of this contract must abide by the application of the aforementioned statutory rules under the perspective of such legal qualification, which by its turn casts construction parameters into consideration. These are: due to its nature as a mixed atypical contract, the preeminence of the contractual terms agreed upon by the parties vis-à-vis the typical statutory legal standards, considering also the importance of the customary practices in the definition of its content, through the socially formed contractual type, in addition to the possibility of the application of such typical statutory legal standards when they are not conflicting with the contract’s own meaning; and, due to the presence of linked contracts, the “enlargement” of the subject matter to be construed, which imposes the consideration of the remaining linked contracts in the interpretation of the contract at hand, and the superior relevance of the socioeconomic function of the union of all linked contracts for the definition of a contract’s content within its group.
11
Persson, Viktor, and Daniel Strindlund. "Logistic costs when calculating construction work contracts." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Kommunikations- och transportsystem, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-110572.
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Byggindustrin är idag en av Sveriges största industrier med en omsättning som under 2012 uppgick till hela 309 miljarder kronor. Studier har dock visat att cirka 35% av den totala kostnaden vid ett byggprojekt är vad som i andra industrier betraktas som slöseri. I detta innefattas aktiviteter som materialhantering, höga lagernivåer och onödiga väntetider. För att förbättra sin logistik kan byggentreprenörer välja att lägga ut vissa aktiviteter på en tredjepartslogistiker. Denna studie har fokuserat på hur logistikkostnader som skapas på byggarbetsplatsen tas i beaktande under kalkyleringsskedet i ett byggprojekt. Målet har varit att illustrera hur en anpassning kan göras i dagens kalkyleringsmetoder för att visa effekterna av en logistikentreprenad. Kalkylering av byggentreprenader sker till stor del på erfarenhetsbasis med vedertagna enhetstider. Dessa enhetstider är uppbyggda av aktiviteter som bland annat materialhantering, förberedande arbete och produktion. En totalkostnadsmodell har utifrån tidigare studier och intervjuer skapats för fungera mer anpassat till byggindustrin. Genom en kartläggning har det varit möjligt att identifiera vilka logistikkostnader som är synliga och dolda i dagens kalkyler samt att placera in dem under respektive kostnadspost i modellen. En uppskattning är att en ökning av det värdeskapande arbetet med 10% skulle innebära en kostnadsreducering omkring 7% då tredjepartslogistik används.
12
Ayus, Abdul Mohaimin Bin Noordin. "Building contract claims a comparative study (Scotland, England and Malaysia) /." Thesis, Available from the University of Aberdeen Library and Historic Collections Digital Resources, 1992. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?application=DIGITOOL-3&owner=resourcediscovery&custom_att_2=simple_viewer&pid=59638.
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Curtis, Bernard. "Roles, responsibilities, and risks in management contracts." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.240907.
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Stevenson, Colin. "An evaluation of the available methods of selecting a contractor, in order to satisfy the client's objectives, with a view to offering a systematic approach to which method should be adopted." Bachelor's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/28247.
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Although the client's objectives of balancing cost, time and performance have not changed, the complexity of the design and construction of modern buildings today requires a thorough understanding of the factors affecting these objectives if they are to be accomplished. This study therefore begins by analysing the client's objectives to establish the factors affecting each objective and to determine the inter-relationship and possible conflict between these factors. The principal types of contracts and methods of selecting a contractor are then identified. The methods of selecting a contractor are then evaluated according to these factors and their effects on the client's objectives are established. This evaluation is then used as the basis for recommending a procedure to choose which method should be used to select a contractor, in order to accomplish the client's objectives, under differing circumstances.
15
Sertyesilisik, Begum. "An Investigation On The Application Of Standard Contracts In The Turkish Construction Industry." Phd thesis, METU, 2007. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12608116/index.pdf.
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Construction contracts are one of the most important tools in the construction sector. They define the various aspects, obligations and relations between each party that are necessary to reach a common expected goal. They contribute to successful completion of projects. Turkish construction companies have successfully completed many projects in domestic and international venues and gained important experience in this respecthowever, they still encounter problems in application. The aim of this study was: - to analyze Yapim &
#272
slerine Ait Tip Sö
zlesme (Standard Contract for Construction Works, YIATS) of Kamu &
#272
hale Kurumu (Public Procurement Authority KIK) and Fé
dé
ration Internationale des Ingé
nieurs-Conseils (International Federation of Consulting Engineers, FIDIC) standard contract for construction
- to identify problem areas and their causes in application of contracts
- to compare YIATS and FIDIC contracts with respect to problem areas
- to analyze views, experiences and recommendations of companies about YIATS and FIDIC contracts. In this study, based on survey conducted on contract literature, questionnaire was applied to member companies of Tü
rk Mü
teahhitler Birligi (the Turkish Contractors&rsquo
Association, TMB). Applied standard contracts, Court of Cessation decisions and International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) arbitration awards were analyzed to determine problem areas. Telephonic and face-to-face interviews were performed with staff of companies for further information on their answers, their opinions and recommendations on problem areas. Additionally, hypotheses were tested: to determine the effect of existence of clauses on exposure of contractors to consequences of problems emerged in execution phase of contract
to analyze relationship between problems encountered in FIDIC or YIATS and financial, temporal and non-compliance problem areas
to analyze effect of cost determination method on emergence of problems related to these areas. These studies revealed main problem areas as: financial, temporal and non-compliance issues.
16
Chan, Yee Man Theresa. "The role of finance in competitiveness of indigenous contractors in Hong Kong." online access from Digital Dissertation Consortium, 2008. http://libweb.cityu.edu.hk/cgi-bin/er/db/ddcdiss.pl?3341102.
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Tong, Fei Carlo. "Incomplete contracts and behavioural aspects – a case study in the construction and IT industries." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/65173.
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Contracts capture an agreement between two parties to exchange a resource in the future (ex-ante), however the future is not certain. Only after the event has happened, might the two parties compare the resources they have received to what they expected (ex-post). Entering into a contract with unknowns gives rise to incomplete contracts theory, the focus of which includes the study of human behavior. Relational contracting is currently being studied as a method of reducing the transaction costs and incompleteness of contracts.
Using case studies, this research aimed to reach a conclusion regarding why certain contractual projects run over budget. Overruns are often related to a variation agreement that is incomplete and open to interpretation. Understanding what the issues are and how to mitigate contractual risks was thus a key focus of this research.
The research examined two industries - construction and IT. From the case studies, 16 interviews were conducted and 12 contracts reviewed. The least concern for all the parties was disputes, as the parties find solutions to address issues not considered when drafting contracts. Industry specific experience and knowledge is needed to mitigate some unknown contractual risks, however.
Relational contracting was also very evident in resolving issues outside of a contract. Further studies into ancillary contracts will reveal more insight into behavioural and relational contracting.Dissertation(MBA)--Gordon Institute of Business Science, University of Pretoria,2018.
Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS)
MBA
Unrestricted
18
Prout, William J. "Analysis of modification types in Navy Construction Contracts." Thesis, Springfield, Va. : Available from National Technical Information Service, 1998. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA350971.
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Vidogah, William. "Claims on construction contracts : a new management framework." Thesis, University of Wolverhampton, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/2436/90560.
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Yiu, Tak Wing. "A behavioral analysis of construction dispute negotiation /." access full-text access abstract and table of contents, 2005. http://libweb.cityu.edu.hk/cgi-bin/ezdb/thesis.pl?phd-bc-b19887577a.pdf.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--City University of Hong Kong, 2005."Submitted to Department of Building and Construction in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy" Includes bibliographical references (leaves 179-201)
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Ma, Ho-yin, and 馬浩然. "Competitive tendering in construction: a study of some theoretical bidding models and their application in thelocal construction industry." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1987. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31262314.
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Anvuur, Aaron Maano. "Cooperation in construction projects : concept, antecedents and strategies /." Thesis, Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2008. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B40887650.
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Chan, Chuen Fye Philip. "The development of construction law in Singapore." Thesis, University of London, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.271421.
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Pang, Wai-shing Wilson. "Hong Kong government's construction price estimating methodology /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1996. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B25948209.
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Pang, Oi Ling Irene. "Dispute resolution for construction contracts adopting the 1999 general conditions of contract of the HKSAR deficiencies in the GCC /." access abstract and table of contents access full-text, 2006. http://libweb.cityu.edu.hk/cgi-bin/ezdb/dissert.pl?ma-slw-b21847691a.pdf.
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Gabert, Henny, and Henrik Grönlund. "Blockchain and smart contracts in the Swedish construction industry." Thesis, KTH, Fastigheter och byggande, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-231596.
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Blockchain technology with its distributed ledgers attracts massive attention today and creates interest in many different industries. One of the most promising areas for implementation of blockchain technology is its use to create fully automated and decentralized contract solutions, so-called smart contracts. The blockchain technology is also expected to develop the concept of BIM by facilitating the creation of a common model. The problem addressed in this study is the limited amount of research carried out in the blockchain field and the potential use of smart contracts in procurement of services in the construction industry. The construction industry differs from many other industries as it is project-based with changing circumstances and conditions. The study shows that the construction industry is an industry focused on discussions and disputes, the majority of which are linked to payments and contractual interpretations. Two of the key concepts of the study are therefore moral hazard and opportunistic behavior. Opportunistic behavior can affect norms, the willingness for cooperation and the degree to which parties trust each other. Designing contracts to reduce the risk of moral hazard and opportunistic behavior is therefore an important aspect. The study has chosen to study both relationships that are hierarchical to nature but also peer-to-peer. The purpose of the study has been to conceptually reflect on percived opportunities and challenges with blockchains in the construction industry regarding two identified applications, smart contracts and BIM. To investigate this, a qualitative interview study has been conducted. The study points to the need for a more standardized building process that is subject to a certain degree of repetition to achieve successful use of a blockchain network and smart contracts. The study also shows that there is a positive attitude from the respondents regarding a possible development for several of the potential applications of blockchain technology. Blockchain technology and smart contracts have the potential to improve the reliability and credibility of logbooks, self-checks and work performed within a building project. Furthermore, the study highlights the importance of long-term relationships and confidence in reducing opportunistic behavior. Based on previous research and empirical analysis, the study contributes to an increased understanding of which levels in the construction industry smart contracts may be applicable. The study shows that smart contracts are not perceived suitable for complex contracts where the work to be performed can be changed many times during the contract period. The study, on the other hand, indicates that blockchain development with BIM is not demanded at the present time. Finally, the study points out that blockchain technology is perceived to have the potential to make the building process more transparent and open with reduced power conditions at the same time as it gets less centralized which opens up the need for research in that direction.Blockkedjetekniken med sina distribuerade liggare lockar idag massiv uppmärksamhet och skapar intresse inom många olika branscher. Ett av de mest lovande områdena för implementering av blockkedjetekniken är dess användning för att skapa helt automatiserade och decentraliserade kontraktslösningar, så kallade smarta kontrakt. Blockkedjetekniken spås även kunna utveckla begreppet BIM genom att underlätta skapandet av en gemensam modell. Problemet som adresseras i denna studie är den begränsade mängd forskning som har utförts gällande blockkedjor och smarta kontrakts potentiella användning vid upphandling av tjänster i byggbranschen. Byggbranschen skiljer sig från många andra branscher då den är projektbaserad med föränderliga förhållanden och förutsättningar. Studien visar på att byggbranschen är en bransch kantad av diskussioner och tvister, vars majoritet är kopplad till betalningar och kontraktstolkningar. Två för studien centrala begrepp är därmed moral hazard och opportunistiskt beteende. Opportunistiskt beteende kan påverka normer, viljan till samarbete och i hur hög grad parter litar på varandra. Att utforma kontrakt så att risken för moral hazard och opportunistiskt beteende minskar är därmed en viktig aspekt. Studien har valt att studera både relationer som är hierarkiska till naturen men också peer-to-peer. Syftet med studien har varit att konceptuellt reflektera över uppfattade nya möjligheter och utmaningar som finns med blockkedjor i byggbranschen gällande två identifierade användningsområden, smarta kontrakt och BIM. För att undersöka detta har en kvalitativ intervjustudie genomförts. Studien pekar på att det krävs en mer standardiserad byggnadsprocess som omfattas av en viss grad av upprepning för att få en lyckad använding av ett blockkedje-nätverk och smarta kontrakt. Studien visar också på att det finns en positiv grundinställning från respondenternas sida kring en möjlig utveckling för flera av blockkedjeteknikens potentiella applikationer. Blockkedjetekniken och smarta kontrakt har potentialen att förbättra tillförlitligheten och trovärdigheten hos loggböcker, egenkontroller och utförda arbeten inom ett byggnadsprojekt. Vidare belyser studien vikten av långsiktiga relationer och tillit för att minska opportunistiskt beetende. Baserat på tidigare forskning, empiri och analys bidrar studien till en ökad förståelse kring vilka nivåer inom byggbranschen smarta kontrakt kan vara applicerbara. Studien förevisar att smarta kontrakt inte uppfattas lämpa sig för komplicerade kontrakt där arbetet som ska utföras kan ändras många gånger under kontraktsperioden. Studien indikerar däremot att blockkedje utvecklingen med BIM inte efterfrågas i dagsläget. Slutligen pekar studien på att blockkedjetekniken uppfattas ha potential att göra byggprocessen mer transparent och öppen med minskade maktförhållanden samt mindre centraliserade vilket öppnar upp behov av forskning i den riktningen.
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Akinyede, Imisioluseyi Julius. "Framework for effective management of cost constraint on building project delivery in South Africa." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/1063.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirement for the degree
Master of Technology (Construction Management)
In the Faculty of Engineering
2014According to findings presented in literature, construction projects are restrained within budgeted cost. Hence, the operational system is challenged within prohibitive cost limits to deliver projects at a stipulated time and at a satisfactory quality. This has prompted the intention of establishing effective management of cost constraint on building project delivery in South Africa. Data for the main study were collected through observations, semi-structured and unstructured qualitative interviews and quantitative close-ended questionnaires administered to construction stakeholders working in the Western Cape and Gauteng provinces, South Africa. Findings are that the following are factors that affect cost during building production process: additional works without contractual procedure, inadequate co-ordination of design phase and construction phase during production by project managers, financial mismanagement, frequent changes in design, cost of materials in the market, fluctuation of price of materials. Additional findings are proper monitoring and controlling at stages during production, procurement of competent contractors and subcontractors, involvement of experienced professionals in production, proper briefing by the client during production process, targeting quality during production, prompt decision taking during production, and the establishment of effective communication systems on site during production, frequent changes in building design by the client during production affect construction cost; frequent changes in building design during production cause rework; changes in building design during construction caused by errors and omissions detected affects quality of project delivered; and specification due to procurement of new materials during construction causes changes in building design, labour productivities, wrong planning for machine usage on site, late delivery of equipment during production and unanticipated increases in prices of building materials. Late delivery of materials also affects production process. Regular meetings on site will promote efficient productivities of human resources, team work on site during production, general progress reports on site during production, projects schedule/timetable for production and work programmes for site activities. The study concluded by recommending that proper adoption of these findings by the South African construction stakeholders during production processes will enhance delivery of building projects at reduced construction resources, at the standard of quality expected, at the time stipulated, at the budgeted cost specified, and to the satisfaction of the client. Interest will be achieved as illustrated under each objective of the research study. This research recommends further investigation of the effects of building material supply management during production processes in the South African construction industry.
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Lee, Cheuk Woon. "Design & build in Hong Kong : an alternative procurement method /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1994. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B25947254.
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So, Shiu Sing David. "Compare the alternative dispute resolution (ADR) used in Hong Kong and Japan construction industry." access abstract and table of contents access full-text, 2006. http://libweb.cityu.edu.hk/cgi-bin/ezdb/dissert.pl?ma-slw-b21843181a.pdf.
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Thesis (M.A.)--City University of Hong Kong, 2006."Master of Arts in arbitration and dispute resolution, LW6409 dissertation" Title from PDF t.p. (viewed on May 23, 2007) Includes bibliographical references.
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Lin, Zhengping. "A decision support system for determining the optimal contract size in a construction superproject." Tokyo : Construction Management & Infrastructure Systems Lab., Dept. of Civil Engineering, the University of Tokyo, 1999. http://books.google.com/books?id=XpBRAAAAMAAJ.
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McLellan, Robert. "The use of project management procedures by construction contractors." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 1994. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=21349.
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Research into the use of project management procedures has mostly been directed at the private sector of the construction industry, despite the fact that the public sector contribute almost half of the UK's construction output, in the repair and maintenance sector of the construction industry. Indeed, since the introduction of compulsory competitive tendering (CCT) in 1980, the public sector has had to carry out a continually increasing proportion of their work under competitive conditions, bidding for work along with private sector construction contractors. This thesis focuses on the use of project management procedures in both private and public sector construction contractor organisations, looking at the utilisation of a number of different project management procedures, including organisation profile, project planning and control, quality management, and human resource considerations. It is believed that all these aspects must be considered together, if an accurate picture of an organisation's approach to the management of projects is to be achieved. The argument employed throughout this study is that where project management procedures are adopted in the management of projects, a project manager will have the potential to better manage the project, than would otherwise be the case. Empirical research was carried out using both a quantitative approach (structured mail questionnaire) and a qualitative approach (semi structured interviews). 100 responses were received in all, 80 to a questionnaire for construction contractors, 63 in the private and 17 in the public sector. Personal interviews were carried out with 20 project managers. Analysis of the data investigated the use of a number of different project management procedures and identified differences in their use between private and public sector contractors. The results showed that despite tendering for and carrying out work in the same market area, there were notable differences in the use of project management procedures between private and public sector construction contractors. In the main, private sector construction contractors utilised project management procedures to a greater extent than contractors in the public sector; however, in many instances the use of such procedures could hardly be described as extensive. For example, planning in many instances did not extend to the monitoring and control phase once projects were underway; the 'baseline' plan was effectively disregarded for updating project status, particularly so in the public sector. Despite the powerful nature of performance monitoring techniques, such as 'earned value analysis', little use was made of them. This general lack of project control was further exacerbated because both private and public sector construction contractors tended to operate separate 'stand alone' project costing systems, remote from those used for project planning and control purposes. There was a strong commitment to quality in both the private and public sectors. However, a noticeable difference wast that the private sector tended to apply their quality management systems to all areas of their business, whereas, the public sector normally only operated such systems for restricted areas of work, when compared to the 'overall' project. Of further concern was that both private and public sector construction contractors took account of the 'human' element to a much lesser degree than issues of time, cost or quality, even though they said they viewed it as important. Notwithstanding the existence of project management procedures for many years, there was a common lack of awareness and under utilisation of all but the most straightforward procedures in both sectors of the industry. This was especially so within the public sector. Essentially, private and public sector construction contractors must initiate familiarisation and training programmes within their organisations to enable their project managers to access the best project management 'tools' available to assist them in their projects.
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Yates, David John. "Conflict and disputes in the Hong Kong construction industry : a transaction cost economics perspective /." Thesis, Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1998. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B20002920.
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Lee, Yiu Ming. "Mediation for contractors in Hong Kong Special Administrative Region." access abstract and table of contents access full-text, 2006. http://libweb.cityu.edu.hk/cgi-bin/ezdb/dissert.pl?ma-slw-b21847678a.pdf.
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Thesis (M.A.)--City University of Hong Kong, 2006."A dissertation to the School of Law in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Master of Art in arbitration and dispute resolution" Title from PDF t.p. (viewed on May 23, 2007) Includes bibliographical references.
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Andersson, Linda. "Public Private Partnerships (PPP) : theoretical models and a analysis of Swedish contracts /." Stockholm : Arkitektur och samhällsbyggnad, Kungliga Tekniska högskolan, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-9454.
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Lynch, Peter S. "Issues surrounding the design/build delivery system for construction contracts." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/26029.
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Eaglestone, Frank Nelson. "An improved method of requesting insurance under UK construction contracts." Thesis, City University London, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.240686.
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Evans, Dennis C. (Dennis Christopher). "Predictors of successful outcomes of U.S. Coast Guard construction contracts." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/67551.
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Thesis (S.M. in Engineering and Management)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, System Design and Management Program, 2011.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 117-118).
The U. S. federal government contracts over five hundred billion dollars in goods and services each year. Traditionally, these contracts are awarded on the basis of a combination of a contractor's proposed cost, quality, technical capability and demonstrated past performance. While all valid and important comparators, the overall quality and customer satisfaction achieved at the completion of contracts awarded on these bases remains highly variable from contract-to-contract. This thesis examines potential reasons for the variability of these results and further proposes additional factors for contract evaluation and award that should improve the chances for successful contract outcomes. Twenty four randomly selected and recently completed U. S. Coast Guard construction contracts were used as the basis for study. The documented performance information for each contract was compared against contract demographic information in a search for correlations that are predictive of the likelihood of a high level of contract satisfaction. Contract performance ratings, contract timeliness and contract on-budget performance were compared to overall contractor annual revenue, total contractor employees, the relative contract size and a contractor's revenue per employee. The main finding is that total contractor revenue, relative contract size (higher is better) and contractor revenue per employee (higher is better) are reliable predictors of performance and should be considered as relevant source selection factors for negotiated contracts. Capable small contractors should be selected not simply as a matter of conformance to a social program, but because the expected results are higher. In addition, the following recommendations apply in order to maximize the probability of positive performance outcomes on U. S. Coast Guard construction contracts: 1) Improve the collection and utilization of past performance data. 2) Minimize sealed-low bid contracting. 3) Maximize contracts by negotiation. 4) Maximize the usage of small businesses, above the "micro-small" level.
by Dennis C. Evans.
S.M.in Engineering and Management
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Prouvost, Amaury Louis. "In search of optimal contracts in the construction building industry." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/87805.
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Mahesh, Gangadhar. "Gain/pain share and relational strategies to enhance value in target cost and GMP contracts." Thesis, Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2009. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B4266424X.
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Popescu-Kohler, Anamaria Iuliana. "Improvements to construction delay analysis techniques /." Digital version accessible at:, 1998. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.
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Leung, Chi-ming. "Design consultancy vs design and build consultancy : present trends in the construction industry /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1995. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B14038869.
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Mulcahy, Francis S. "The effectiveness of partnering and source selection in job order contracting." Thesis, Springfield, Va. : Available from National Technical Information Service, 2000. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA403569.
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To, Elaine. "Arbitration in construction industry : a Hong Kong perspective /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2002. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B25939403.
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Shehadeh, Nabil Moh'd A. A. "Factors influencing construction claims in developing countries, the case of Kuwait." Thesis, University of Leeds, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.278361.
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Lowe, Scott. "An examination of the effectiveness of partnering in Navy construction contracts." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/25915.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis presents an analysis of the effectiveness of partnering of construction contracts
in the U. S. Naval Facilities Engineering Command. Partnering is a contract
administration tool designed to foster open communications between contracting parties
and avoid the traditional adversarial relationships that have become the standard over the
past years. Implementation of partnering is done on a project by project basis since
acquisition regulations do not allow for long term relationships between private
contractors and the federal government. Successes reported in partnering have all been
subjective and based on individual project performance. This thesis compares project
performance of partnered and non-partnered projects. Criteria of comparison include cost
growth, incidence of claims, response times for various contract requirements, value
engineering savings and end of project contractual issues.
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Borg, Lena. "Procurement Contracts, Innovation and Productivity in the Construction Sector : Five Studies." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Bygg- och fastighetsekonomi, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-177455.
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With its size, large number of actors, and its impact on everyday life, the construction sector plays an important role in every nation’s economy and in the improvement of the built environment. The recognition of this fact by the sector, in combination with the reputation for being conservative, problematic, having low productivity growth, and low pressure for change leads to a focus on different strategies that can be used to improve of the sector. Suggestions to improve the productivity in sector have been many during the years. One example is enhanced procurement contracts that encourage long-term orientations to improve the performance outcome and increase innovations. This thesis consists of five studies with specific objectives. The overall objective is, however, to increase the understanding of how to enhance the conditions to improve the construction sector. This is a response to the concerns that the actors on the market have difficulties carrying out necessary measures to make improvements in the construction sector. Procurement contracts were studied in two ways; bundled procurement contracts with service as a key to create incentives for innovations (Paper II) and the difficulty in evaluating the effects of different procurement contracts because of unclear concepts (Paper I). Innovations were also studied in two ways: the importance for creating incentives for “good” innovations and how to open up for more transparency with respect to innovation (Paper III), and the direct and indirect effects a specific innovation have in the design choices of construction in profit-maximising firms (Paper IV). Policies are based on data and misleading data can lead to mistaken recommendations. Indications of measurement errors in the calculations of productivity have been reported which leads to an interest to increase the reliability of productivity calculations (Paper V). The first paper has the focus to make the evaluation process easier, for the scholar, the actors on the market as well as for governmental institutions which formulate policies, by trying to make the relation between different contract types clearer with a new framework for structuring procurement contracts. The second papers are showing that bundling construction with service will not automatically increase profit for firms in the sector, rather that it might be an alternative way to transfer the risk in construction projects. Moral Hazard problems can also reduce the potential positive effects. Paper III wants to shift the focus from the quantity of innovations to how incentives can nourish “good” innovation and suggests a new classification system for technical innovations. The objective is to achieve increased transparency and reduced information asymmetry in the construction sector. Paper IV takes it starting point in an indicated shift in developers’ planning and construction practices for laundry facilities in owner-occupied multi-family buildings. The mapping of the shift shows that a change in regulations can have an effect on how we build, and that developers are using spaces in innovative ways, which in turn can have unforeseen external effects. The finding indicates that even though the number of appliances has increased since the 1990s, the energy consumption has not necessarily increased during the usage phase, depending on the energy performance of the appliances and on user behaviour. Paper V highlights the effects of including more rigorously and detailed gathered indicators of characteristics in the calculations of productivity development figures in the sector. By including more cost-driving characteristics, it should be easier to distinguish pure price changes from price changes related to increase in quality. It is, important to bear in mind that there are several projects yearly that are delivered on time, within budget, with good quality and where innovations have been used. Seen against the background of this thesis, it can indeed be stated that improvements are needed if we intend to create an innovative friendly work environment that will contribute to productivity growth. However, the contribution here is also a warning that the evaluation tools that are used to describe the sector might not measure what we intend to measure.Byggsektorn är stor och består av många olika aktörer. Den påverkar alla i samhället på ett eller annat sätt och spelar en viktig roll i varje land ekonomi och hur den byggda miljön utvecklas. I kombination med att byggsektorn tampas med ryktet om att vara konservativ, har kvalitetsproblem, dålig produktivitetsutveckling och låg förändringsgrad har lett till diskussioner om många åtgärder för att förbättra sektorn. En utgångspunkt för åtgärderna har varit att uppmuntra till långsiktighet i projekten så att incitament skapas för att förbättra kvalitén i sektorn och en miljö som främjar innovationer. Den här avhandlingen består av fem studier som var och en adresserar en specifik forskningsfråga relaterad till upphandling, innovation eller produktivitet. Det övergripande syftet med avhandlingen har varit att öka förståelsen för förutsättningarna att komma till rätta med problemen i byggsektorn. Upphandling undersöktes på två sätt; entreprenadkontrakt med helhetsåtagande med service som en viktig komponent för att skapa incitament för innovationer (Artikel II) och svårigheterna i att utvärdera effekterna av olika entreprenadkontrakt på grund av oklara begrepp (Artikel I). Innovation studerades också på två sätt: vikten av att skapa transperens och incitament för “bra” innovationer (Artikel III), och den direkta och indirekta effekten av en innovation i design av vinstmaximerande byggbolag (Artikel IV). En policy kan baseras på data men om uppgifterna den baseras på är bristfälliga, kan det leda till felaktiga rekommendationer. Mätfel kopplade till beräkningar av produktiviteten i byggsektorn har rapporterats, vilket har lett till ett intresse att öka tillförlitligheten i dessa beräkningar (Artikel V). Den första artikeln syftar till att göra utvärderingen av entreprenadkontrakt enklare för forskare, branschen samt statliga institutioner som formulerar rekommendationer, genom att strukturera entreprenadformerna utifrån olika steg i beslutsprocessen och om hur risker fördelas för att tydliggöra relationen mellan dem. Den andra artikeln visar att entreprenadkontrakt med helhetsåtagande inklusive service inte automatiskt ökar vinsten för företag inom sektorn, snarare att det kan vara ett alternativt sätt att överföra risken i byggprojekt. Moral Hazard problem kan minska potentiella positiva effekter. Artikel III flyttar fokus från mängden innovationer till hur incitament kan ge näring "bra" innovation och diskuterar ett nytt system för klassificering av tekniska innovationer. Målet är att uppnå ökad tydlighet och minskad informationsasymmetri i byggsektorn. Artikel IV tar sin utgångspunkt i en förändring i plan- och byggmetoder för tvättstuga i bostadsrättshus. Kartläggningen visar att en förändring av regle kan ha en effekt på hur vi bygger, och att utvecklare använder ytor på ett innovativt sätt, vilket i sin tur kan ha oförutsedda externa effekter. Artikeln visar att trots att antalet apparater har ökat sedan 1990-talet, har energiförbrukningen inte nödvändigtvis ökat under användningsfasen, beroende på apparaternas energiprestanda och på användarnas beteende. Artikel V belyser effekterna av mer noggranna och detaljerat insamlade kvalitetsegenskaper från nyproduktion när produktivitetet i byggsektorn ska beräknas. Genom att inkludera mer kostnadsdrivande egenskaper borde det vara lättare att skilja rena prisförändringar från prisförändringar relaterade till ökad kvalitet. Det är viktigt att komma ihåg att det årligen finns många byggprojekt som levereras i tid, inom budget, med god kvalitet och där innovationer har använts. Sett mot bakgrund av denna avhandling, kan det sägas att förbättringar behövs om vi har för avsikt att skapa en innovativ arbetsmiljö som bidrar till ökad produktivitet. Dock är bidraget här också en varning om att de utvärderingsverktyg som används för att fånga utvecklingen kanske inte mäter vad vi har för avsikt att mäta.
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Bediawan, Dedi. "Determinants of process innovation on construction projects from contractors' perspective." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2003.
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Mantler, Mathias. "Der GMP-Vertrag aus bauvergaberechtlicher Sicht /." Frankfurt ; New York : Lang, 2004. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=010635104&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.
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Dissertation Koln, Universität, 2003. Zugl.: Köln, Universiẗat, Diss., 2003 u. d. T.: Der GMP-Vertrag als neue Vertrags- und Wettbewerbsform aus bauvergaberechtlicher Sicht.Includes bibliographical references (p. 187-204).
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Hui, Ken. "Court decisions on building contract disputes a Coasian empirical analysis /." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2008. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B40988193.
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Pun, I. Chung. "Feasibility study of contractor registration system and contractor grading system in Macau." Thesis, University of Macau, 2012. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b2586271.
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