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Hin, Tung Ian. "Construction and demolition waste in Western Australia: Application of existing methods to measure demolition waste." Thesis, Hin Tung, Ian (2020) Construction and demolition waste in Western Australia: Application of existing methods to measure demolition waste. Honours thesis, Murdoch University, 2020. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/59315/.
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In Australia, the construction and demolition industry contribute up to half the majority of the total waste generated. Western Australia is not only one of the largest construction and demolition (C&D) waste producer, but also one of the worst in term of recycling rate. One of the main barriers for a proper waste management plan is the lack of data quality for waste measurement. This unique study aims to compare three measurement methods from research paper with two unique sets of data. From literature reviews, the different techniques were never applied in the same case. This project also compares the different scenario to show the economic potential of source separation and sending the waste to a recovery centre. A comparison was made with Reunion Island where similar problems related to C&D are present. Different solutions are proposed to solve those problems and to reach a Circular Economy system. It will analyse the data to perform the calculation were collected from the demolition of a high school in Hamilton Hill and Councils for the third method. The direct measurement using a map to calculate the mass of waste produced by the walls made of asphalts have a percentage of error at only 0.75%. The second method using the trucks and the density of the materials for the mass calculation had only a 4.16% percentage error. The third measurement aimed to calculate the mass of demolition over the years, according to demolition permit could not be performed due to the lack of data available. Direct measurement was found to be the calculation which has the highest potential to be accurate, but it will require much more time to collect all the measurements. The scenario for the economic comparison shown a source separation to send clean waste to resource recovery centre allowed a saving up to 80% from the price of a landfill. The creation of a coefficient of expansion seems to be a potential project to improve the quality for volumetric calculation of waste in Western Australia.
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Karunasena, G. I. "Capacity building for post disaster waste management : construction and demolition waste." Thesis, University of Salford, 2012. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/38096/.
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Though increasing nature of impacts from disasters has made post disaster management a significant area of concern, management of disaster waste is identified as an area of least concern. It presents momentous challenges for those with inadequate capacities due to large volumes and hazardous constituents created, particularly in developing countries. This is equally applicable to Sri Lanka which was severely affected by the Indian Ocean Tsunami in 2004 and from three decades of civil war. In this context, it is vital to explore capacities which need to be enhanced for post disaster waste management. Accordingly, this study focuses on identification of existing capacities of post disaster waste management with special emphasise on Construction and Demolition (C&D) waste at national level entities in Sri Lanka. Disaster C&D waste comprises of waste such as debris generated from totally or partially damaged buildings and infrastructure as a direct impact of disasters or from demolished buildings and infrastructure at rehabilitation or early recovery stages. Literature revealed that after the Indian Ocean Tsunami in 2004, collected disaster waste containing a considerable proportion of C&D waste was not recycled or reused at its optimum capacity in Sri Lanka, instead disposing it at landfill sites. Initially, a literature review and document survey was conducted on capacity building with special emphasise on post disaster waste management to identify capacity building principles, strategies, evaluation measures and challenges, if there are any. Pilot interviews were conducted to identify current post disaster waste management practices in Sri Lanka. Multiple case studies and expert interviews were subsequently conducted to gather primary data on existing capacities of post disaster waste management in Sri Lanka. Three case studies which included fourteen individuals and seven experts representing government and non governmental organisations and other sector entities were selected for data collection. Semi-structured interviews were conducted as the main data collection method and code based analysis and cognitive mapping were used to analyse collected data. Results revealed existing capacities, capacity gaps and factors affecting capacity building for post disaster waste management including: skills and confidence building, links and collaborations, continuity and sustainability, research and development, communication and coordination, organisational implementations and investments in infrastructure. Approaches for enhancing capacities in post disaster waste management were identified. They include establishment of a regulatory body and enforceable rules and regulations, promotion of holistic approaches for training and development focussing on indigenous and sustainable methods, development of formal and transparent procedures to establish linkages and collaborations, create awareness on sustainable, environmentally friendly and culturally supportive techniques on disaster waste management. These approaches were identified with the aim to contribute towards achieving sustainable post disaster C&D waste management.
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Majeed, Osman Bin. "Evaluation of construction and demolition waste management in Singapore /." Table of contents and abstract only, 2003. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ENV/09envm233.pdf.
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Murray, Rachel Louise. "Construction and demolition waste in Western Australia: A case study on best practice demolition." Thesis, Murray, Rachel Louise (2019) Construction and demolition waste in Western Australia: A case study on best practice demolition. Honours thesis, Murdoch University, 2019. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/52465/.
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The C&D waste sector is the only sector in which waste generation has increased in Australia, and most recent data shows WA diversion of C&D waste from landfill to be 57% [1, 2]. This is low compared to countries such as Japan and the Netherlands which achieve diversion rates of 97% and 95% respectively. In addition to this, the extraction and production of raw construction materials can result in large amounts of greenhouse gas emissions which are harmful to the environment. The reuse and recycle of C&D materials can help to alleviate both problems and as such WA’s transition towards a circular economy is of high importance to the current waste industry.
The aim of this study is to identify barriers and opportunities which contribute to a higher rate of reuse, recycle and recovery in best practice demolition, and the transition towards a circular economy in the C&D sector of WA. The Hamilton Senior High School (HSHS) demolition was chosen as a case study due to the use of best practice demolition techniques, including onsite crushing activity and direct recycle/reuse. The four objectives achieved under this study include:
1. Gain an understanding of current issues or innovations within the C&D waste sector;
2. Identify the waste contribution of the HSHS demolition to the WA waste stream and stockpiling, and if this could be further improved;
3. Determine the environmental impacts/savings of conducting a demolition and potential construction using WA best practice;
4. Determine the economic viability of conducting best practice demolition in WA
The methods chosen to achieve these objectives were industry surveys, total waste quantification at the HSHS site, environmental impact assessment via carbon footprint, economic assessment via cost benefit analysis, and a comparison to a business as usual and worst case scenario.
Successful achievement of the objectives identified a significant problem with illegal disposal practices occurring to avoid landfill levy payments. Lack of regulation, voluntary reporting, lack of economic incentive (including market for products) and ineffective landfill levy application to regional areas were also identified to be barriers to higher recycle and reuse. Results also displayed the environmental and economic benefits of this demolition. Best practice techniques resulted in the highest net GHG abatement (327 tCO2e), low contribution to the C&D waste/stockpiling streams (10200 t, or 92.7% recycled material), and cost savings generated by lower raw material use, transport and waste fees (saving approximately $252,000). The HSHS demolition was however, the most expensive scenario, with approximately $1,900,000 comparable costs.
Further research could be conducted on the application of higher direct reuse and possibly design for deconstruction to improve material circularity. It is recommended that regulation surrounding the landfill levy should be put in place to discourage illegal practices. In addition, economic incentive could be provided in the form of lower labour taxes, and higher raw materials tax to encourage best practice demolition techniques.
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Chan, See Yan, and 陳詩恩. "Review on construction and demolition material management in HongKong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2001. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31254822.
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Craighill, Amelia Louise. "Lifecycle assessment and evaluation of construction and demolition waste management." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.247103.
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The aim of this thesis is to test the hypothesis that by increasing the amount of waste material that is reused and recycled, the UK construction industry can become more sustainable. Construction waste reclamation is increasing as a result of demonstration projects, encouraged by the landfill tax and the impending primary aggregates levy. However, much of the recovered material is used for low-grade purposes and there is still a reticence to embrace its widespread use in higher specification applications as a direct substitute for primary materials. Applying sustainability principles to construction waste management requires a lifecycle approach whereby the social, economic and environmental impacts are considered of both the raw and secondary materials chain. Using data from a number of case studies, a lifecycle assessmenmt odel was created within which the impacts from five alternative waste management scenarios were compared. The impacts were evaluated using economic valuation and multicriteria techniques to provide an overall picture of the relative sustainability of the alternative options. Sensitivity analyses were used to test the validity and robustness of the results in the light of data uncertainty and other variations. The results suggest that managing construction waste further up the waste management hierarchy will result in a more sustainableU K construction industry. The financial costs follow a similar pattern, which raises the question of why recycled materials are not more widely substituted for primary materials. It is concluded that there may be additional factors that are difficult to include within an LCA such as market and information failures, the timing of materials supply and demand and industry confidence. Unless addressed, such factors will continue to limit the extent to which secondary materials replace primary materials in the industry and therefore the sustainability benefits that can be realised
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Jarman, David S. "Developing a cost effective construction and demolition waste management plan." Thesis, This resource online, 1996. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-09182008-063013/.
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Eramela, Wing Yi Josefina. "Approaches for construction and demolition waste management in Hong Kong." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2009. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0041272.
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Aissa, Khaled Omer Salem. "Recycling of Construction and Demolition Wastes (CDW)." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2017.
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Due to urban expansion and what it results as construction and demolition waste specially in the big cities we had to deal with this wastes and put it in the right process to take advantage of them once again as a row materials.
This study aim to clarify the recycling methods of the construction and demolition wastes and also discuss the environmental and economic influence by presenting several studies in different countries shows the quantities of their wastes and its recycled percentage. As well as we discussed the challenges that can be faced during the waste recycling process
specially if that was done in a densely settled cities where necessary to take into account the possible problems that can happen within the demolition stage and during the transportation of the wastes from the demolition site to the treatment facility. Also it has been explained which is the perfect paths that can be followed to gain the highest recycled percentage and how it is possible to have the maximum benefit of the materials produced from that process.
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Gong, Jie Lu. "Environmental management of Macau construction and demolition (C&D) waste." Thesis, University of Macau, 2010. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b2182945.
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Aid, Graham, and Nils Brandt. "Action Research In Waste Management : Application to construction and demolition waste in the Stockholm region." KTH, Industriell ekologi, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-50217.
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The action research methodology and several of its methods have previously been highlighted and described by the authors as a fitting and rigorous framework approach for complex waste management systems. This was in response to criticism of the ex ante selection of traditional empiric systems analysis tools to provide decision support and ‘sustainable improvement’ in such complex systems which often involve strong human and political factors. Several of the action research methods described have recently been utilized in a case study around mineral (aggregate) construction and demolition waste in the Stockholm region. These methods were integrated through a series of workshops and work areas undergone together with project members from several private and public sectors. Leaving the problem fuzzy (loosely defined) in the beginning; utilizing convergent interviewing, rich pictures and focus groups allowed the researchers and partner stakeholders to identify not one but several problem areas within the system of focus. Indicator creation and a dialectic processes were then used to identify qualitative and quantitative aspects of salience around these problem areas. These resulting indicators were strengthened through a process of verification. Each indicator was then analyzed by what was deemed to be appropriate and transparent means. It is argued that this approach may create better communication, transparency, and understanding by the stakeholders. These factors in turn allowing stronger stakeholder ownership of the process and assisting in more informed decisions and help to provide stability for desired change. However the process was not without its drawbacks such as intense communication and time requirements.QC 20120110
Project BRA
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Molli, Bala Kiran. "Construction and demolition waste management in India, sustainable measures, methodologies to estimate and control waste." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2021. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/24194/.
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Construction waste management is critical today. One of the most serious issues confronting the building industry is the scarcity of aggregate for the manufacturing of concrete. Wasted construction materials resulted in significant financial losses for builders, contractors, regional governments, and the country. Because the waste generated by demolition of structures is greater than the waste generated during development, there is a need for Construction and Demolition Management (C & D) In India, wastes, as opposed to Municipal Solid Wastes, is a relatively new topic. To begin with, there is no accurate estimate of the amount of waste produced in India. The main reason is that less focused on this issue.
The proper utilization of building waste is a solution to the construction industry's rapid degradation of virgin raw materials. There is a lack of a regulatory framework and strict enforcement in this problem. This study contains specific recommendations for closing the loopholes in the problem. The current global status of building and demolition waste management is examined in this research, as well as the sustainable waste management hierarchy, to address the waste issue. Methods and various construction reuses are presented in this paper so that waste material created during demolition can be properly utilized. The importance of the reduce, reuse, and recycle (3R) concept for managing construction waste in India is highlighted in this research.
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Bohne, Rolf André. "Eco-efficiency and Performance Strategies in Construction and Demolition Waste Recycling Systems." Doctoral thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Engineering Science and Technology, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-452.
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This thesis studies the Danish and Norwegian recycling systems for construction and demolition (C&D) waste. The architectural, Engineering and Construction (AEC) industry is a major contributor to societies waste production; accounting for approximately 40% of the waste production. It is therefore important to manage the C&D waste effectively to move society towards sustainability.
This study applies the Industrial Ecology paradigm. This involved multidisciplinary approach, spanning the fields of Industrial Ecology, Systems Engineering and Organizational and Social Studies.
The scope of this thesis is threefold. The first scope is to get a better understanding of the processes that are taking place within the socio-technical sphere of a recycling system. Second, what is the nature of the C&D waste and what are the environmental impacts from the various waste fractions. Third, how can this information be used to improve recycling systems for C&D waste.
The study show that the suggestions in the National Action Plan and the corresponding policies are eco-effective, but that the environmental impact is very transport dependent. The study also shows that there is a great need to focus on future waste composition in the design of recycling systems for C&D waste. However, such waste projections are difficult to perform due to poor data availability.
There is a need for making more qualified decisions on environmental issues, with regard to long term management of such recycling systems. Long term models combined with environmental and economic information can make a powerful tool for such analysis.
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Wickins, Kyle. "The use of construction and demolition waste in concrete in Cape Town." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/14047.
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Incorporating recycled aggregates in concrete, despite the fact that effective technologies are available, is being adopted at a slow rate. These shortcomings have been associated with poor quality recycled aggregate (RA) products, lack of guidelines facilitating the use of RAs in various applications, and little incentive to incorporate these materials into civil engineering projects in Cape Town. In order to promote the use of RAs, a construction and demolition waste (C&DW) recycling culture has to be developed. Analysis of municipal waste data over the past 10 years shows that the commercial aggregate industry and market has not grown. A major contributor to the excess C&DW in the City, is the discarded C&DW once used to manage landfill sites with regard to activities such as cell creation, road building etc. This has resulted in 195 000 tons of the estimated 680 000 tons per annum (2012) of C&DW being disposed in Cape Town. The approach of the City and the construction industry to waste management is characterised by quality control issues, resource inefficiencies, economic and social burdens and environmental impacts. The realisation of C&DW as a resource and the development of on-site recycling procedures are seen as the key to creating more sustainable C&DW management systems. This is achieved internationally through detailed integrated waste management plans (IWMPs) that require waste generators to identify and separate a variety of C&DWs, as well as specify their proposed uses for these materials. This creates an environment where a specialist waste-processing sector can develop and practices such as the re-use and recycling of multiple C&DWs can flourish. It is important that the management and handling of C&DWs is carried out in a manner such that the technical requirements of this resource are understood. This study analyses two major C&D materials in clay and concrete masonry (CMA) materials and waste concrete (RCA). Greywacke stone is used as the control coarse aggregate. A 100% replacement ratio of coarse RA is used in all RA concrete mixes. A 50% Klipheiwel and 50% Dune sand mix is used in all concrete mixes respectively. C&D materials in this study were processed through simulated, on-site procedures to produce 19 mm coarse aggregate for concrete.
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Sianchuk, Robert Alexander. "Identifying barriers to waste diversion : improving collection and quality of construction and demolition waste flow information." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/34981.
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The majority of US construction and demolition (C&D) wastes flows are currently landfilled, which represents a significant source of underutilized resources and environmental degradation. Growing public concerns have increased the demand for C&D waste product recovery firms to reduce the landfilling of C&D wastes. Despite C&D wastes being one of the US’s largest solid waste flows,
there is a lack of collection and reporting on US construction sector wastes. This is disconcerting to waste product recovery firms who would benefit from C&D waste flow information to support their exploration of wants and uses of potential
C&D wastes, development of competitive business strategies and operational planning. This thesis contended that the lack of information on the US construction sector’s C&D waste flows is a significant barrier to the optimal development of the C&D waste product recovery market. This thesis sought to address concerns over the collection and quality of information inherent in currently available C&D waste estimates for the US construction sector. The second chapter addressed the high levels of uncertainty and significant methodological shortfalls in existing national C&D waste estimates. A novel framework was developed to improve collection methods and the resolution of the data collected on C&D waste flows and composition. The framework included; measurement of data at the construction site, use of standardized reporting procedures, differentiation of renovation construction and renovation demolition wastes, accounting of construction materials stocked in buildings, characterization of materials at a product level and implementation of regulatory mechanisms. In the third chapter,
a national stocks and C&D waste flows model was developed to determine structural wood product use, including softwood lumber, softwood plywood, OSB, glulam, I-joists and LVL, in US single family residences between 1950 and 2008. The results from this model demonstrated a product level of resolution in stocks and C&D waste flow estimates which revealed the variability of waste
composition over time. The methodology used to develop the stock and flows model may also be applied to estimate other C&D waste products, provided sufficient data were available.
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Gunja, Leela Sai Phani Kumar. "Sustainable management and recycling processes of various construction and demolition wastes." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2022. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/25773/.
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The construction industry has experienced rapid expansion in recent decades as a consequence of population growth, increased IT spending, increased industrialization, and the introduction of new infrastructure projects, all of which have resulted in a dramatic increase in the construction industry. As a result, the demand for building materials for construction operations is high, resulting in a large volume of construction trash. Wasted construction materials resulted in significant financial losses for builders, contractors, regional governments, and the country as a whole. The massive volumes of construction and demolition (C&D) waste created throughout the world, which account for more than 25% of all waste generated, has become a severe environmental concern that must be addressed. This analytical research study examines the many negative environmental effects of the currently utilized conventional waste management approach of landfilling and offers trash recycling as a viable alternative.
Because of the vast volumes created and the tremendous potential for re-use and recycling reflected in these materials, the EC has designated construction and demolition (C&D) waste as a priority stream. Indeed, appropriate management would result in the effective and efficient use of natural resources as well as the reduction of the planet's environmental consequences. As a result, the Waste Framework Directive (WFD) requires Member States (MS) to take all necessary steps by 2020 to obtain the minimum target of 70% (by weight) of C&D waste for re-use, recycling, and other material recovery, including backfilling operational processes using non-hazardous C&D waste to replace other materials.
As a result, this study on C&D waste is an important tool for determining the next stages and trends in the handling of this waste stream in Europe.
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Patterson, Lynn M. "Local economic development agencies' support for construction & demolition recycling." Available online, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2007, 2007. http://etd.gatech.edu/theses/available/etd-04062007-105904/.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--City Planning, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2007.Leigh, Nancey Green, Committee Chair ; Contant, Cheryl, Committee Member ; Meyer, Peter, Committee Member ; Vanegas, Jorge, Committee Member ; Elliott, Michael, Committee Member.
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Bianchini, Murillo Emar Fabricio. "Influence of construction and demolition (C&D) waste on green roof performance." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/42952.
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Green roofs have been used as an environmentally friendly product for many centuries and considered as a sustainable construction practice. Green roofs are built with different layers and variable thicknesses depending on the roof type and/or weather conditions. Basic layers, from bottom to top, of green roof systems usually consists of a root barrier, drainage, filter, growing medium, and vegetation layer. Environmental and operational benefits of green roofs are many. Green roofs must be installed on existing structures to maximize their potential environmental benefits; however, their main disadvantages are cost and weight. New technology enabled the use of light materials such as: low density polyethylene and polypropylene (polymers) to promote their installation. Nevertheless, lifecycle analyses demonstrate that more sustainable products must replace current green roof materials.
This research evaluates indoor air temperature, indoor vapor pressure, water quality, and water retention performance of green roofs built with construction and demolition (C&D) waste. Temperature, vapor pressure, water quality and storm water retention were assessed by comparing the rainwater retained in experimental C&D based green roofs with standard green roofs under the same environmental conditions. Results show that C&D waste, compared to plastics, improves water quality, indoor air temperature and vapor pressure performance; however it reduces the water retention performance. These findings confirm the environmental potential of green roofs. Benefits of installing C&D based green roofs to minimize the impact of construction industry in landfills are potentially enormous.
The Net Present Value (NPV) per unit of area of a green roof was estimated by considering the social-cost benefits that green roofs generate over their lifecycle. The economic analysis demonstrated that green roofs are short-term investments in terms of net returns. In general, installing green roofs is a low risk investment. Furthermore, the probability of profits out of this technology is much higher than the potential financial losses. It is evident that the inclusion of social costs and benefits of green roofs improves their value.
In addition, this study evaluates the influence of green roofs on the seismic response of frame structures. Results from the structural analysis proved that intensive and extensive green roofs do not affect the seismic performance of reinforced concrete frame structures.
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Wikström, Erik. "Construction and demolition waste in Helsinki : Case study of the circular economy hub HSY Ekomo." Thesis, KTH, Hållbar utveckling, miljövetenskap och teknik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-234469.
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The limited amount of natural resources on our planet has been actively discussed during the past decade. Recycling materials is becoming increasingly important in order to benefit the economy and the environment. The purpose of this study is to conduct a material flow analysis of the construction and demolition waste in the Helsinki metropolitan area to find out whether or not the goals set by the EU Waste Framework Directive can be reached by 2020. The study aims to map out the flows and suggest improvements wherever needed. The study is conducted by using a case study, HSY Ekomo, the first fully operational circular economy hub in Finland. The results show that both the municipality and private sector are well over the required goal of 70% recyclability rate of construction and demolition waste with a steady positive improvement from the first year of operations. The improvements were over 10% between the year 2016 and 2017. The private sector experiences some turbulence regarding legislation issues such as noise- and environmental permits which limits the economic benefit of recycling construction and demolition waste. Continued monitoring and faster adaption to international standards (such as the EU Waste Framework Directive) is required in order to be able to benefit the most economically and environmentally out of circular economic initiatives.Den begränsade mängden naturresurser som existerar på vår planet har diskuterats under det senaste decenniet aktivt. Återvinning av material blir allt viktigare i dagens samhälle och vi kan se en trend var utvecklingen strävar efter beslut som har rötterna i cirkulär ekonomiskaprinciper. Resultatet av diskussionerna har blivit höga måtsättningar för medlemsländerna i Europeiska Unionen gällande återvinning var målet är att uppnå en återvinningsgrad på 70% innan 2020 för bygg- och rivavfall. Studien använder materialflödes analys (MFA) som metod för att kartlägga och kvantifiera flödnena av bygg- och rivavfall. Materialflödes analysen använder data från årsrapporter och statistik som blivit tillgängligt av HSY (statligt ägt bolag) samt av intervjuerna som utfördes på fältet. För att kvantifiera flödena på basis av den konceptuella modellen avnändes mjukvaran STAN. Avhandlingen strävar efter att ta första steget för att kartlägga materialflöden av bygg- och rivavfall i huvudstadsregionen (Helsingfors). Målet är att skapa en modell som kan användas som botten i framtida undersökningar och att kvantifiera modellen med existerande data för att se ifall målsättningarna stadgade av Europeiska Unionen kommer att uppnås innan 2020. Studien utfördes på cirkulär ekonomi stationen Ekomo för att kunna göra upp modeller för den privata sektorn och den kommunalla sektorn eftersom båda är verksamma på Ekomo. Resultaten av anvhandlingen var följande: Den privata sektorn och staten uppnår en återvinningsgrad på över 90% vilket är väl över stadgan satt av den Europeiska Unionen under året 2017 med en stadig utveckling från året innan med en väldigt liten andel som placeras på soptipp. Resultaten visar en stark utveckling av intresse från hushåll och företag för återvinning eftersom antalet kunder och lastbilar som besökt stationen ökat starkt under de senaste fem åren. Även om målsättningarna inom återvinning är uppnådda finns det ärenden som måste behandlas för att försäkra en fortsatt positiv utveckling. Den privata sektorn upplever att begränsade möjligheter för återanvänd krossbetong minskar efterfrågan på produkten, vilket gör den finansiellt svår att integrera i deras försälning. Buller- och miljötillstånd tvingar för tillfället bolagen att transportera bygg- och rivmaterialet utanför rivmålet, t.ex till Ekomo, för att krossas vilket ytterligare skapar finansiella problem för den privata sektorn. Lösningar för att göra återvinning av riv- och byggnadsmaterial för den privata sektorn lukrativare behövs för att inspirera flera organisationer att ansluta sig till arbete mot ett mera cirkulärt samhälle. Monitorering och snabbare anpassningsförmåga för internationella standarder krävs för att kunna utnyttja cirkulär ekonomiska initiativ på bästa möjliga sättet. För att komplettera avhandlingen skulle det vara intressant att se resultaten av en livcykelanalys (LCA) gällande samma flöden för att identifiera miljörelaterade problem och för att optimera flöden.
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Dahl, Thor Lobekk, Yichang Lu, and Sidney Carina Thill. "Sustainability of Construction and Demolition Waste : A Closed-loop Supply Chain for Flat Glass." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för ekonomistyrning och logistik (ELO), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-104631.
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Purpose: This thesis’ purpose is to identify a CLSC model of flat glass, including actors,waste sources, and what can be done with recycled flat glass. In addition, this researchaims to propose a cost structure of a flat glass CLSC. Thus, this thesis’ research questions(RQ) are: RQ1: How can closed-loop supply chains (CLSC) for the purpose of flat glasslook like? RQ1.A: What actors are a part of a flat glass CLSC? RQ1.B: What are thewaste sources of flat glass in a flat glass CLSC? RQ1.C: What are the uses of flat glassas secondary material? RQ2: How can a cost structure for a closed-loop supply chain(CLSC) for the purpose of flat glass look like? Method: For this purpose of this thesis the researchers chose to employ a pragmatistresearch philosophy. The thesis is an exploratory qualitative study using an abductiveapproach. A case study strategy was used, and data was collected through semi-structuredinterviews and a literature review. Seven interviews were conducted with the six casecompanies. Findings: A flat glass CLSC consists of three phases: manufacture, use, and secondary(raw) material. The main actors are float glass manufacturer, flat glass processor/refiner,flat glass distributor, construction and demolition company, flat glass recycler, and freighthauler. Sub-actors of a flat glass CLSC are raw materials supplier, government, thirdparty contractors, container glass manufacturer, and glass wool manufacturer. Secondarymaterial occurs during flat glass manufacturing, distribution/transport, construction, anddemolition. It can be divided into three types, i.e., pure, high quality cut-offs,contaminated flat glass, and end-of-use flat glass. The possible uses of flat glass assecondary material are float glass, container glass, and glass wool manufacturing. Thecost structure for a flat glass CLSC divides cost elements into the three phases of a flatglass CLSC and six supply chain cost categories, which include manufacturing cost,distribution cost, warehousing cost, administration cost, capital cost, and installation cost. Theoretical Implications: This master’s thesis helps in adding to two research areas: flatglass and CLSC. By reviewing existing literature and conducting the case studies inChina, Germany, and Norway, the researchers can reflect the current practices of flat glassCLSCs in different countries, thereby adding to existing scientific research to close theresearch gap of flat glass CLSCs. Practical Implications: This master’s thesis contributes to practice by providing a flatglass CLSC model and cost structure which can be used as a starting point of developinga flat glass CLSC and its cost structure. In addition, this thesis is connected to anotherbigger research project in collaboration with the Linnaeus University and the city ofVäxjö, the findings from this thesis are beneficial for improving the situation of flat glassin Sweden. Societal Implications: By researching circularity in CDW, this master’s thesis helps notonly the city of Växjö but also other Swedish cities to improve the situation of flat glassand strive towards a full circular economy, further contributing to an increase insustainability in Sweden.
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Harris, Chad Michael Trent. "A supply chain analysis of Construction and Demolition waste streams in Perth, Western Australia." Thesis, Harris, Chad Michael Trent (2017) A supply chain analysis of Construction and Demolition waste streams in Perth, Western Australia. Honours thesis, Murdoch University, 2017. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/36711/.
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Construction and Demolition (C&D) waste makes up 50% of the total waste stream in Perth, Western Australia. This stream primarily consists of construction rubble, cement, bricks, and sand. The current recovery of these materials is considerably low when compared to international and interstate cases. These materials have a high recovery potential and can be a valuable resource to the construction industry to increase sustainability outcomes for the businesses and state targets. Savings for the use of recycled aggregates is primarily in a reduction of logistics costs along with lower embodied energy and emissions.
A supply chain analysis was conducted to determine the current recycling practices, reporting structure, legislative components, how legislation affects the supply chain, its drivers and market for these recycled products. This study has found that the lack of reporting requirements, standards, data recording methodology and guidance from government bodies has resulted in an unstable market with little demand for these materials.
Due to insufficient data, an extensive understanding of illegal dumping and waste generation in particular sectors were not possible. An estimated 3.3Mt of C&D waste is generated each year from commercial and residential construction, and demolition. A 35% recovery rate was calculated, lower than reported amounts and found that the waste stream is currently not large enough to allow the use in high-value applications. Up to 76% (2.5Mt) of C&D waste stream can be easily diverted into low value applications (e.g. road construction). To increase confidence in these products a new reporting structure and licencing requirements are recommended to allow better tracking of the materials throughout the supply chain.
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Adjei, Solomon D. "Review of waste management in the UK construction industry." Thesis, University of Wolverhampton, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2436/618541.
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The construction industry is considered the world over as a major contributor to the high rates of waste generation in developed countries. The negative influence of waste generation on the environment, natural resources, and the profitability of firms puts increasing pressure on the industry to reduce the waste it generates. The pressures to reduce waste are heightened by current trends demanding sustainable management of waste for the purposes of economic, social, and environmental gains. Literature on factors influencing waste management (WM) suggests government legislation is the most critical success factor for ensuring waste is sustainably managed. A review of the literature however indicated that researches holistically investigating the practices of construction firms and the extent to which these practices meet the intended outcomes of government legislation on waste are not present. Thus this research was undertaken to holistically investigate WM practices in the UK construction industry, to identify best practices and the extent to which they meet the intended outcomes of government WM legislation ad policy. The study adopted a multiple case study design to examine WM approaches, strategies and practices at both the corporate and project level within construction companies. Four construction companies who had won awards for their sustainability and environmental performance were purposefully selected to investigate best practice WM. Data was collected through semi-structured interviews, passive observations, and documentary analysis. Analysis of the data revealed that the drivers for WM in the construction industry are: economic considerations; company sustainability agenda; company image; client requirements; environmental concerns; government legislation; moral and social demands; industrial benchmarking; environmental concerns; and the requirements of standards. Regarding the influence of legislation, the results revealed that government legislation plays a secondary role in influencing WM as clients are interested in using only compliant firms. Best practices targeting design to reduce waste through standardisation and prefabrication; on-site segregation through multi-skip provision; supply take back schemes; intensified site education; and the use of incentives were identified to lead to improved WM. The results also indicated that company sustainability agenda is the most influential driver for achieving sustainable construction, demolition and excavation (CD&E) WM. The findings highlighted the importance of having a clear vision and structure for WM at the corporate level alongside strategies to be implemented on projects to ensure sustainable WM is achieved. To help construction firms in achieving sustainable WM, which is the ultimate goal of government legislation, a best practice framework has been developed based on the findings from the study and evaluated using semi-structured interviews with selected target participants. The framework presents a coherent and systematic approach for achieving sustainable WM in construction companies by providing a roadmap for instituting measures at both corporate and project levels, taking into account factors that are likely to promote or inhibit the achievement of sustainable WM.
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Fagotti, Francesco. "Mechanical properties of circular concrete made with 100% recycled aggregates from construction and demolition waste." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2019.
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Nowadays, one of the main focuses of the concrete industry is to have environmental friendly buildings to reduce the relentless rise of GHG emissions. The majority of energy and GHG emissions embodied in concrete are due to use of cement and it is responsible for more than 50% of the CO2-emission. This research has been held in the Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences of the of Delft and it concerns the mechanical properties of circular concrete, which is made of 100% recycled aggregates from construction and demolition waste. This investigation is placed within a project about particle packing technologies and the objective of the latter is to optimize the particle size distribution of aggregates and understand the compaction of concrete made of recycled aggregates. Particle size optimization is aimed to improve the density of concrete made of regularly packed aggregates and the distribution of voids thereby improving its sustainability and strength, leading to considerable CO2 reduction. Three recipes have been designed to employ different types of aggregates. The water to cement ratio of recipes was adjusted based on the magnitude of the slump. In particular, recycled aggregates (<12mm) and natural aggregates of different sizes (<12mm and <16 mm) are used. The role of maximum aggregates size and effect of complete substitution of natural aggregates with recycled aggregates has been studied. The recipes have been casted by varying the duration of vibration in order to understand the role of vibration on the compressive strength and the distribution of air bubbles inside the concrete. Results indicate that the duration of vibration was observed to be critical depending on the type and size of aggregate. Despite direct relation of vibration and internal pores, the impact seems to be negative beyond some time. Meanwhile, the compaction and mechanical property of concrete made of recycled aggregates need more vibration compared to natural aggregates.
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López, Ruiz Luis Alberto. "Implementation and evaluation of the circular economy model in the construction and demolition waste sector." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/673359.
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Construction and demolition waste (CDW) is a major environmental concern that requires immediate attention. The large volumes of CDW produced and its associated environmental effects have led to explore new alternatives addressing this problem in more sustainable ways. In this context, the Circular Economy (CE) paradigm emerged as an innovative solution for creating more sustainable production and consumption patterns, fostering economic growth, and providing environmental protection and social welfare. At the global level, the concept of CE has gained increasing interest from government bodies, business organizations and academics. This has resulted in multiple political agendas including CE as a core driver, as well as an emerging trend of research exploring its concept and applications. However, because of the novelty and dynamism of the concept, research developments on practical applications and quantitative assessments are at an early stage. The main aim of this study was to propose an approach to integrate the CE concept in the construction and demolition sector, as well as providing the basis for evaluating the environmental and economic effects of circularity strategies and to monitor their implementation. For this purpose, an integrative framework of strategies for CE adoption in the CDW sector is proposed. This together with a methodological proposal to evaluate and compare the environmental and economic performance of different circularity alternatives incorporating multi-criteria decision analysis. In addition, this work proposes a system of indicators for measuring CE features for CDW products. The proposed framework identifies 14 influential strategies for the circularity of the CDW sector and describes their interaction throughout its lifecycle stages. The methodological proposal incorporates the Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) methodology to assess the environmental dimension., while the economic criteria adopt a complex cost method. The multicriteria VIKOR method was used to perform the multi-criteria analysis. The methodology is applied to evaluate the use of concrete waste in high-grade applications, specifically the production of structural and non-structural concrete mixes in the region of Catalonia, Spain. The indicators framework incorporates a systematic approach considering the most relevant factors and parameters for successful measurement of CE interventions. It consists of 22 measures within the three dimensions of environment, economic and innovation/materials. Preconstruction strategies are highlighted as the most influential in the circularity of the sector. CE strategies presented better environmental and economic performance; however, results are conditioned by the particular context of the study. Transportation and landfilling are identified as the most conditioning parameters affecting both environmental and economic performance.Los residuos de construcción y demolición (RCD) son un grave problema medio ambiental que requiere atención inmediata. Los grandes volúmenes de RCD producidos y sus efectos ambientales han llevado a buscar nuevas alternativas para resolver esta problemática de forma más sostenible. En ese contexto, la Economía Circular (EC) ha emergido como una solución innovadora para crear patrones de producción y consumo más sostenibles, fomentar el crecimiento económico, asegurar la protección medio ambiental y la protección social. A nivel global, el concepto de la EC ha ganado interés entre organismos gubernamentales, sector empresarial y académicos. Ello ha resultado en la incorporación de la EC como eje conductor en múltiples agendas políticas y con una tendencia emergente en la investigación de su concepto y aplicaciones. Sin embargo, la investigación de las potenciales aplicaciones y su evaluación se encuentran en una fase temprana de desarrollo debido a la novedad y dinamismo del concepto. El objeto principal de este estudio fue el de desarrollar una propuesta de integración del concepto de EC en el sector de la construcción y la demolición, así como proveer las bases para evaluar los efectos económicos y ambientales de estrategias de circularidad y monitorear su implementación. Para ello, se propone un marco integrativo de estrategias para la adopción de la EC en el sector de los RCD, además de una propuesta metodológica para evaluar y comparar el desempeño económico y ambiental de diferentes alternativas de circularidad incorporando análisis de decisión multi-criterio. Asimismo, este trabajo propone un sistema de indicadores para medir características de circularidad de los RCD. El sistema propuesto identifica 14 estrategias de influencia para la circularidad del sector de los RCD, describiendo su interacción a lo largo de sus etapas de ciclo de vida. La propuesta metodológica de evaluación incorpora la metodología de Análisis de Ciclo de Vida (ACV) para el criterio ambiental, y el análisis de costes complejos para el criterio económico. Mientras que para el desarrollo del análisis multi-criterio fue utilizado el método VIKOR. La metodología es aplicada en la evaluación del uso de residuos de concreto en aplicaciones de alto grado, específicamente en la producción de hormigón estructural y no estructural en la región de Cataluña, España. El marco de indicadores incorpora un enfoque sistémico que considera los factores y parámetros más relevantes para la adecuada medición de estrategias de EC. Este consiste en 22 medidas contenidas en tres grupos o dimensiones: ambiental, económica y de innovación/materiales. Las estrategias durante la etapa pre-constructiva son identificadas como las más influyentes en la circularidad del sector. Resultados de la evaluación muestran un mejor desempeño económico y ambiental de las alternativas de EC, sin embargo, éstos son condicionados por el contexto específico de la zona de estudio. En particular, el transporte y el vertido son identificados como los parámetros más condicionantes tanto para el aspecto ambiental, como el económico.
Els residus de construcció i demolició (RCD) són un greu problema mediambiental que requereix atenció immediata. Els grans volums de RCD produïts i els seus efectes ambientals han conduit a buscar noves alternatives per resoldre aquesta problemàtica en formes més sostenibles. En aquest context, l'Economia Circular (EC) ha emergit com una solució innovadora per a crear patrons de producció i de consum més sostenibles, impulsar el creixement econòmic, assegurar la protecció del medi ambient i la protecció social. A nivell global, el concepte de l'EC ha guanyat l'interès d'organismes governamentals, del sector empresarial i d'acadèmics. Això ha resultat en la incorporació de l'EC com eix conductor en múltiples agendes polítiques i amb una tendència emergent en la investigació del seu concepte i aplicacions. No obstant això, la investigació de les potencials aplicacions i la seva avaluació es troben en fase primerenca de desenvolupament degut a la novetat i dinamisme del concepte. L'objectiu principal d'aquest estudi va ser el desenvolupar una proposta d'integració de l'EC en el sector de la construcció i la demolició, així com proporcionar les bases per avaluar els efectes econòmics i ambientals d'estratègies de circularitat i monitoritzar la seva implementació. Per això, es proposa un marc integratiu d'estratègies per a l'adopció de l'EC en el sector dels RCD. A més, d'una proposta metodològica per avaluar i comparar el rendiment econòmic i ambiental de diferents alternatives de circularitat incorporant un anàlisi de decisió multi-criteri. Seguidament, aquest treball proposa un sistema d'indicadors per mesurar característiques de circularitat dels RCD. Aquest sistema identifica 14 estratègies d'influència per la circularitat del sector dels RCD, descrivint la seva interacció al llarg de les etapes de cicle de vida. La proposta metodològica d'avaluació incorpora la metodologia d'Anàlisis de Cicle de Vida (ACV) per al criteri ambiental, i l'anàlisi de costos complexos per al criteri econòmic. Mentre que per al desenvolupament de l'anàlisi multi-criteri s'ha utilitzat el mètode VIKOR. La metodologia s'aplica en l'avaluació del ús de residus de formigó en aplicacions d'alt grau, específicament en la producció de formigó estructural i no estructural en la regió de Catalunya, Espanya. El marc d'indicadors incorpora un enfocament sistèmic que considera els factors i paràmetres mes rellevants per a l'adequada mesura d'estratègies d'EC. Aquest consisteix en 22 mesures agrupades en 3 grups o dimensions: ambiental, econòmica i d'innovació/materials. S'identifica que les estratègies de l'etapa pre-constructiva són les més influents en la circularitat del sector. Els resultats de l'avaluació demostren que les alternatives d'EC presenten millor rendiment econòmic i ambiental, però, aquests són influenciats per les condicions particulars de la zona d'estudi. Particularment, el transport i abocament són identificats com els paràmetres més condicionants tan per el criteri ambiental, com per l'econòmic.
Enginyeria ambiental
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Felmingham, Casey. "Residential construction and demolition waste in Perth, Western Australia: Cost benefit analysis of best practices." Thesis, Felmingham, Casey (2015) Residential construction and demolition waste in Perth, Western Australia: Cost benefit analysis of best practices. Honours thesis, Murdoch University, 2015. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/29858/.
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In Perth, Western Australia the construction and demolition (C&D) industry contributes 50% of all waste generated. The recovery rate in WA for C&D waste is currently only 38% which is very poor compared to European countries as they are exceeding 80%. This project aimed to assess C&D waste generation in Perth to determine how waste recovery could be improved. Waste from three construction sites and two demolition sites was collected and collated to determine waste generation and composition and to identify areas for improvement. Also landfill sites, skip bin operators, and resource recovery facilities were surveyed on the cost of waste disposal to determine the most cost effective option. This study showed that the residential construction industry would generate approximately 881,000 tonnes of waste during 2015 using the predicted housing figures from HIA and UDIA. Also it shows that there is great variation with the generation of demolition waste due to the different site characteristics, which was shown by the two demolition sites of different sizes both generating nearly 300 tonnes of waste. Resource recovery was found to be the most cost effective option out of landfill, skip bins and resource recovery. The waste streams produced highlight that the main area of concern is rubble materials, concrete, sand, dirt, and broken bricks and tiles. Therefore better waste management of these wastes and possible recycling into waste derived materials is recommended. The findings from this study indicate that large scale changes are needed within the industry to increase resource recovery rates in WA, such as legislation change, more education, and the possible introduction of subsidy programs.
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Patterson, Lynn M. "Local Economic Development Agencies' Support for Construction and Demolition Recycling." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/14634.
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The construction and demolition (C and D) recycling industry creates economic opportunity through business activity; promotes equity through workforce training and partnerships; and helps to conserve natural resources through the reuse, remanufacturing, and recycling of C and D debris. While C and D recycling satisfies traditional local economic development goals, it also addresses broader goals of progressive, and sustainable local economic development. The general planning literature shows an increasing interest in sustainability; however, there have been fewer studies on sustainable local economic development initiatives. This research examines the current state of local economic development agency support for the C and D recycling industry as an economic development strategy. In doing so, the dissertation assembles the array of activities local economic development agencies used to support the industry; identifies distinguishing policy or contextual characteristics of agencies that actively supported the industry from those that did not; and assesses whether the agencies support for C and D recycling fit within the rational planning model. Using data from a national survey of local economic development agencies, the study categorizes the local economic development tools used to support the industry. Results show that a combination of traditional, progressive, and sustainable local economic development tools are adapted and newly created to satisfy the specific needs of this specialized industry. Multiple discriminant analyses identify key characteristics of the agencies that support C and D recycling. These characteristics include previous support for the general recycling industry, the presence and support of environmental enterprise zones and eco-industrial parks, and knowledge of local landfill capacity issues. Overall, the agencies that actively supported C and D recycling engage in activities associated with sustainable local economic development. The descriptive and statistical analyses are combined with the surveys qualitative responses to determine that local economic development agencies do not operate under a strict interpretation of the comprehensive rational planning model in their support of C and D recycling. Instead, local economic development agencies use modified rational and reactive planning strategies in their support of the industry. The study concludes with policy recommendations to increase local economic development agency support for C and D recycling.
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Farmer, Declan Seamus. "An investigation into the possible uses of recycled construction and demolition wastes as a road making material." Thesis, University of Ulster, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.243734.
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Kong, Yiu-kuen Wilson. "To evaluate the current solid waste issues in Hong Kong's housing process." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2002. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B31969124.
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Gehrke, Amanda Elisa Barros. "Indicadores de sustentabilidade como ferramenta de apoio a gestão pública de resíduos da construção civil em municípios de pequeno porte." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/60723.
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Introdução: Apesar de a Resolução n°307/2002 exigir a existência de um Plano Integrado de Gestão de Resíduos da Construção Civil (RCC), em todos os municípios brasileiros, desde o ano de 2003, poucos o possuem. Quando desenvolvidos, muitos são pensados para um horizonte de curto prazo e com função meramente corretiva ou, ainda, são adaptações de experiências de outros contextos, sem considerar a realidade local de onde estão sendo implantados. Estudos anteriores apontam dificuldades, principalmente nos municípios de pequeno porte, em implantar as práticas desta resolução. Nesse contexto, identificou-se que indicadores de sustentabilidade poderiam auxiliar na elaboração de políticas públicas mais sustentáveis, fornecendo dados para o planejamento. Objetivos: O objetivo principal desta pesquisa foi o de se desenvolver indicadores de sustentabilidade para a avaliação da gestão de RCC, em municípios de pequeno porte, a fim de se analisar a situação destes e auxiliá-los no processo de decisão, frente a alternativas mais sustentáveis. Esse objetivo foi desdobrado em objetivos secundários: verificar as particularidades do manejo de RCC em municípios de pequeno porte; investigar a utilidade e a eficiência da ferramenta proposta e; identificar oportunidades de inserção dos resultados do diagnóstico no desenvolvimento de políticas públicas de gestão de RCC mais sustentáveis. Método: A estratégia de pesquisa adotada foi a pesquisa construtiva. A construção da ferramenta de apoio à tomada de decisões foi realizada em três etapas: compreensão, desenvolvimento e análise. A primeira etapa teve como objetivo compreender a realidade do manejo de RCC em municípios de pequeno porte brasileiros e, para isto, um estudo exploratório foi realizado em três municipalidades localizadas na Região do Vale do Caí, Rio Grande do Sul. A segunda etapa, a de desenvolvimento dos indicadores, foi realizada a partir do estudo da legislação brasileira, de diretrizes mais sustentáveis de gestão de RCC e das particularidades de municípios de pequeno porte brasileiros. Nesta etapa, contou-se com a participação de três especialistas da área, para avaliação dos indicadores. Após a sua construção, a ferramenta foi implementada e testada no município de Feliz-RS, e seus resultados foram analisados a partir da sua utilidade e aplicabilidade. Na última etapa, foram discutidas as possíveis correções da ferramenta e as adequações necessárias para aplicação em outros municípios. Resultados: A falta de estrutura de municípios de pequeno porte, e consequente falta de dados referentes ao sistema pesquisado, foi determinante para a escolha dos indicadores. Foram desenvovlvidos quinze dicadores, divididos entre cinco dimensões da sustentabilidade, que foram incorporados em uma planilha eletrônica ExcelTM a ser utilizad por gestores municipais. Esse programa, além de fornecer um diagnóstico ao município, sobre a sua inclinação em direção ao desenvolvimento sustentável, para cada um dos indicadores, fornece orientações para que as situações desfavoráveis sejam convertidas em favoráveis. Através da aplicação dos indicadores no município de Feliz-RS, verificou-se que, além de auxiliar no processo de tomada de decisão e direcionar ações, a ferramenta possui caráter educativo.Introduction: In spite of Resolution No. 307/2002 requirements for the development of an Integrated Management Plan for Construction and Demolition Waste (C&D), in all Brazilian municipalities, few have it done. And, when developed, many are designed with a short time horizon and with purely corrective function, or are adaptations of experiences from other contexts, without considering the local reality where they are developed for. Previous studies indicate difficulties, especially in small municipalities, in implementing the practices of this resolution. In this context, the author understands that sustainability indicators could help on developing more sustainable public policies, thus providing data for planning. Objectives: The main objective of this research was to develop sustainability indicators for assessing the C&D management in small municipalities, in order to analyze their situation and to assist them in the process of making more sustainable decisions. This objective was divided into three secondary objectives: to verify the details of the C&D management in small municipalities; to investigate the usefulness and efficiency of the proposed tool and to identify opportunities for integration of diagnosis results in the development of public policies for more sustainable C&D management. Method: The research strategy adopted was the constructive research. The construction of the tool to support decision-making was done in three stages: understanding, development and analysis. The first step was aimed at understanding the reality of C&D management in small municipalities, and for this intent, an exploratory study was conducted in three locations with this scale. The second step, the development of indicators, was conducted from the study of Brazilian legislation, guidelines of more sustainable C&D management and the particularities of small municipalities in Brazil. construction, the tool was implemented and tested in the municipality of Feliz, in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, and its results were analyzed, based on their usefulness and applicability. In the last step, the possible corrections on the tool and its settings, for the application process in other municipalities, were discussed. Results: The lack of structure in small municipalities and consequent lack of data on the investigated system was crucial to the choice of indicators of sustainable development. Fifteen indicators, divided into five dimensions of sustainability, were found and incorporated into a electronic worksheet to be used by municipal managers. This program, in addition, provides data to convert unfavorable situations. Through the application of indicators in the municipality of Feliz-RS, it was found that, in addition to helping in the process of decision making and of directing actions, the tool has an educational character.
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Nordlander, Anna, and Jelena Tararyko. "Waste Management - CSR Engagement within the Construction Industry in Sweden." Thesis, Högskolan i Jönköping, Internationella Handelshögskolan, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-15627.
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Introduction: Over the last few decades there has been a great increase in the attention to Corporate Social Responsibility. Organizations that up until recently have had profit maximization and shareholder value as their only concerns have found themselves in a position where stakeholder demands have created pressure to produce and act on sustainability agendas. Concepts like intergenerational equity, wealth distribution, equality and macroeconomic stability became a part of everyday business language and these days the majority of firms communicate a variety of CSR related issues through annual or separate sustainability reports. Up until recently the construction industry has managed to avoid such demands, however lately, the pressure from various stakeholders such as society, activist groups, governments and external competition, has put the industry among the more environmentally sensitive sectors. Although industry wide CSR involvement has increased within environmental construction management, much is still left to be done. Problem: One area which has received little attention is recycling after demolition. Most companies focus on making new building projects as environmentally friendly as possible, however hardly any attention is geared towards what happens to old buildings being torn down and the lifecycle of the old material. Although construction companies have the legal obligation to recycle hazardous material, much can be improved within the other areas especially regarding the reusing of materials from the demolishing sites which means both environmental and economical aspects are so far being overlooked. Purpose: The authors aim to examine the complexities and challenges facing the construction industry in environmental management of demolition projects, and more specifically the effect this has on the recycling and reusing of materials. Methodology: In order to research the waste management practices on demolition sites the research employs interview studies conducted through qualitative mostly face-to-face and a few telephone interviews. Complementary cases were selected within different categories of the construction industry sectors related to demolition projects: client, construction, demolition and waste management companies’ employees were interviewed. Conclusion: The results show that companies within the construction industry realize the potential negative effects their line of business has on the environment. Sustainability agendas in all cases focus extensively on environmental management, which includes proper disposal of demolition waste. The main benefits for recycling and reusing (in some cases reselling) the material were financial incentives and generated competitive advantage, which resulted in better competitiveness concerning procurement. The main challenges identified are time and monetary constraints. Lack of regulation, common standard that would enable firms to compete equally, and lack of common effort and cooperation towards more efficient waste management practices on demolition sites were identified as main hindering factors for industry wide improvement.
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Delaware, Kamil. "Construction and demolition waste management : assessment of demand and supply of recycled materials in the Western Cape." Bachelor's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/15416.
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Includes bibliographical references (leaves 96-100).Concern for environmental degradation has been a motivating factor in the efforts to reuse or recycle construction and demolition waste. The intention is not only to reduce environmental desecration, but also to recycle the construction and demolition waste into potential building materials to be reused elsewhere. This study investigated the supply and demand of recycled construction materials in the Western Cape, and aimed to determine the perception held by important stakeholders about these materials. A qualitative analysis of the case study results revealed that poor waste management plans implemented on construction and demolition sites have affected the quality, supply and price of recycled materials. In addition to this it was also revealed that the negative perceptions regarding recycled materials were the major barriers to creating an established secondary market. Inadequate knowledge and experience were major contributors to resistance to change of perceptions. A case study was conducted on Malans Quarries Recyclers in order to determine the supply of raw materials (construction and demolition waste) reaching the recycling plant; the supply of recycled materials to the end user (consumer); and the recycling process that takes place. A sample of fifteen respondents from a variety of large, medium and small construction contractors, as well as consultants and civil engineering companies, completed a questionnaire to determine the demand for and perceptions about these materials. The qualitative analysis of the results of the questionnaires showed that the majority of respondents still preferred to use primary materials over recycled materials. However, it appears that the gap between respondents who prefer to use primary materials, and those who utilize recycled materials, has narrowed in comparison to results obtained in previous studies. It seems that there may be more usage of recycled materials in the future. The results also revealed that tax cuts, could be a good economic incentive to encourage the use of recycled material. The questionnaire results also revealed that the majority of the respondents believed that landfill taxes where not effective in discouraging the illegal dumping of waste, and that the lack advertisements, and difficulties in obtaining recycled materials played a crucial role in the under-use of recycled materials.
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Duvalon, Clark Juan Raul. "Construction and demolition waste transport in Stockholm : A geospatial and comparative analysis between road- and intermodal transport." Thesis, KTH, Transportplanering, ekonomi och teknik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-214724.
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Almeida, Jorge Alexandre Sales. "Plano de prevenção e gestão de residuos de construção e demolição. Uma análise crítica." Master's thesis, ISA, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/3348.
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Mestrado em Engenharia do Ambiente - Instituto Superior de AgronomiaThe construction sector consumes an elevated amount of natural resources and produces large quantities of residues. In Portugal, this situation is aggravated due to low rates of reuse and recycling and resort to landfill sites. The main goal of the present work it was analysed the structure of a plan of prevention and management of construction and demolition residues (PPGRCD, acronym for Planos de Prevenção e Gestão de Resíduos de Construção e Demolição), and it has been evaluated the interest of its application in a construction site, that is to say, a critical analysis has been made to its implementation methodology in a actual construction site. It has been verified a production of over three times more construction and demolition residues than what was foreseen in the project phase. The inexistence of a general practice calculation methodology that can be considered warrantable is one of the factors of this discrepancy. The PPGRCD is a useful tool, because it promotes the performance of good habits in construction and demolition residues management. During its elaboration and implementation it is necessary the involvement of an experienced work group in this area. This residues management instrument could become even more useful if it was associated to a producer penalty in case of no fulfilment of the valorisation rates expected in the project phase.
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Loong, Cheuk-yui Michael, and 龍焯銳. "Impact of different construction methods for concrete buildings on waste management." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2004. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31255942.
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Young, Jason M. "Determination of Size Fractions and Concentrations of Airborne Particulate Matter Generated From Construction and Demolition Waste Processing Facilities." VCU Scholars Compass, 2007. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/910.
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Construction and Demolition (C&D) processing and recycling facilities accept waste materials that are generated during construction and demolition activities. The processing facility sorts, processes, and transfers the material to another operation. A consequence of these processes is the generation of particulate matter.This study involved quantifying and qualifying airborne particulates at three C&D processing facilities. Active stationary particulate sampling devices were employed to quantify the particle sizes of interest. Results were compared to United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) National Ambient Air Quality Standards(NAAQS) and United States Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)standards.The results from this study are not valid for determination of compliance with NAAQS or OSHA standards. However, the data indicate that C&D processing facilities may exceed current NAAQS at certain locations, but do not exceed OSHA standards. These results can be used by the industry as an engineering tool to reduce airborne particulate levels during normal operations of C&D facilities.
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Yildirim, G., A. Kul, E. Özçelikci, M. Sahmaran, A. Aldemir, D. Figueira, and Ashraf F. Ashour. "Development of Alkali-Activated Binders froRecycled Mixed Masonry-originated Waste." Elsevier, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/17960.
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YesIn this study, the main emphasis is placed on the development and characterization of alkali-activated binders completely produced by the use of mixed construction and demolition waste (CDW)-based masonry units as aluminosilicate precursors. Combined usage of precursors was aimed to better simulate the real-life cases since in the incident of construction and demolition, these wastes are anticipated to be generated collectively. As different masonry units, red clay brick (RCB), hollow brick (HB) and roof tile (RT) were used in binary combinations by 75-25%, 50-50% and 25-75% of the total weight of the binder. Mixtures were produced with different curing temperature/periods and molarities of NaOH solution as the alkaline activator. Characterization was made by the compressive strength measurements supported by microstructural investigations which included the analyses of X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDX). Results clearly showed that completely CDW-based masonry units can be effectively used collectively in producing alkali-activated binders having up to 80 MPa compressive strength provided that the mixture design parameters are optimized. Among different precursors utilized, HB seems to contribute more to the compressive strength. Irrespective of their composition, main reaction products of alkali-activated binders from CDW-based masonry units are sodium aluminosilicate hydrate (N-A-S-H) gels containing different zeolitic polytypes with structure ranging from amorphous to polycrystalline.
The full-text of this article will be released for public view at the end of the publisher embargo on 24 Jul 2021.
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Wiens, Ivy Karina. "A gestão de resíduos da construção civil : iniciativas na bacia hidrográfica Tietê-Jacaré e uma proposta para o município de Bauru (SP) /." Bauru : [s.n.], 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/136668.
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Orientador: Jorge HamadaBanca: Adílson Renófio
Banca: Bernardo Arantes do Nascimento Teixeira
Resumo: Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo principal levantar a situação dos resíduos sólidos, em especial os resíduos de construção civil (RCD) nos cinco municípios mais populosos da Unidade de Gerenciamento de Recursos Hídricos (Bacia Hidrográfica) Tietê-Jacaré, que abrange trinta e quatro municípios. Entre 2006 e 2008 foram realizadas visitas de campo e uma pesquisa mais aprofundada em Araraquara, Bauru, Jaú, Lençóis Paulista e São Carlos. A perspectiva utilizada foi a do saneamento ambiental integrado, como preceitua a legislação federal, que inclui neste conceito o abastecimento de água, a coleta e tratamento dos esgotos, o manejo e disposição final de resíduos sólidos e a drenagem urbana. Os princípios da redução, reutilização, reciclagem e recuperação dos resíduos são indissociáveis do gerenciamento eficiente. No caso dos resíduos de construção, foi identificada a necessidade de uma gestão diferenciada, onde o planejamento urbano é utilizado como instrumento para otimizar a aplicação dos recursos públicos, o que é uma tendência. Os gestores municipais, de acordo com a Resolução CONAMA 307/02, precisam ser articuladores do sistema, envolvendo todos os protagonistas - gestores, transportadores, geradores, catadores. Experiências bem sucedidas no Brasil e no exterior podem servir de exemplo, mas cada município deve elaborar seu Plano de Gestão adequado à realidade local. Como recomendação, apresentamos uma proposta para o município de Bauru, buscando contribuir com a gestão integrada de resíduos de construção.
Abstract: This research has as its main goal, study the situation of solid waste, specially construction and demolition waste, in the five largest cities in Tietê-Jacaré watershed, that is comprehended for 34 countries. Between 2006 and 2008 Araraquara, Bauru, Jaú, Lençóis Paulista e São Carlos received the field visit and a little deeper research. The used perspective was of the integrated environmental sanitation, as it is required by the federal law, which includes in this concept the water supply, the collecting and treatment of the sewer, the handling and final disposal of the solid residues and the urban drainage. The principles of the reduction, reutilization, recycling and recovery of the residues are inseparable from the effective management. As for the residues of the construction sector the promotion of differentiated management, in which the urban planning is used as a tool to optimize the application of the public resources is a tendency. Most of the time the city managers are not well prepared for this reality and then they need to act as articulators of the system involving all the protagonists - managers, transporters, generators, collectors. Experiments that have been successful in Brazil and abroad may be useful as examples, but each and every town must elaborate its own Management Plan properly adapted to the local reality. At the end of this study, it is a suggestion of a proposition for the implantation of an integrated management of the residues of the civil construction sector in the city of Bauru.
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Oyenuga, Abioye. "Economic and environmental impact assessment of construction and demolition waste recycling and reuse using LCA and MCDA management tools." Thesis, London South Bank University, 2016. http://researchopen.lsbu.ac.uk/1810/.
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Reuse and recycling of waste from construction and demolition (C&D) is problematic because the markets for secondary materials have not yet been fully integrated. Decisions regarding the reuse and recycling of building waste materials, however, are beneficial economically to the construction industry, in addition to having environmental and social responsibility outcomes. The aim of this thesis is to evaluate the economic and environmental benefits of recycling and reuse of C&D waste. It explores how impact categories such as economic and environmental impact can be used to develop a decision-support framework for recycling and reusing building waste. Two case studies of real-life Demolition and New Build projects are selected to demonstrate how waste inventory data can be collected and adopted to support the decision-making process. A thorough review of the available literature revealed a holistic view of C&D waste management and its related economic and environmental impacts. The literature review helped establish a direction for what is needed to develop a decision-support framework. Two management tools (LCA and MCDA) were identified as possible tools needed to complete the decision-support framework. Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) and Analytic Hierarchical Process (AHP) (an aspect of MCDA) were adopted to construct the framework, which was to be applied to the case study’s waste management system. The combination of these two management tools enables the full development of a framework that can measure both the economic and environmental impact of the current waste management system, as well as act as a tool for supporting decisions regarding different policy alternatives. Thus, the framework was applied to the Demolition and New Build case studies, and later validated for consistency. The framework delivered a set of positive results that could be useful for those making decisions on policy alternatives. Both the decision making process and waste management policy were selected and facilitated by the new framework. Decision makers' preferences on policy alternatives were ranked as final outcomes, and favoured reducing, recycling and reusing opportunities in C&D waste management. The result depicts an approach that, compared to current waste management practices, demonstrates a strong acceptability in terms of the environment and cost-effectiveness. Thus, the key findings discussed here provide an interesting foundation for future research, which will focus more on other impacts, such as the social and policy impacts of recycling and reusing C&D waste.
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Miralles, Louis. "Establishment of an action plan for better recovery of building waste from demolition and rehabilitation operations." Thesis, KTH, Byggnadsmaterial, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-279479.
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The aim of this study was to establish an action plan whose implementation would improve waste management practices in demolition and rehabilitation operations and improve the recovery of waste from these operations in accordance with the hierarchy established by the European regulations in the Waste Framework Directive of 19 November 2008. This study made it possible to establish a diagnosis of the current state of waste management in the building sector and to identify the various brakes preventing better waste recovery. For these brakes, levers for improvement were identified by a literature study, associated with concrete examples of innovative solutions implemented by companies in France. A systemic approach to the building sector was used to identify the brakes and levers for improvement. This macroscopic approach took into consideration all the players in the sector as well as all the phases (upstream and downstream) of a demolition or rehabilitation project. On the basis of the brakes and levers identified, graphs representing the causal links between the brakes and the levers of improvement were drawn up. The superimposition of these graphs made it possible to draw up brake-lever pairs, which together forms the basis for the action plan for improving waste recovery. Being limited to demolition and rehabilitation operations only, the method carried out in this study may also be used in future studies applying this protocol to the entire building sector including also infrastructures. The action plan established in this study could thereby be enriched. The second step will be to put the action plan into practice on a "test" work site and to study the impact of the improvement levers on waste recovery in order to conclude on the relevance of this action plan.
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Piriyaprakob, Nutthawut. "Scrap compiling : using digital technology to manipulate scraps from construction sites in order to create architecture." Virtual Press, 2006. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1355597.
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This project is inspired by two facts that occur on an everyday basis in much of the world. First, it is obvious that many persons and organizations in many developing nations are paying large amounts of money for large-scale architecture projects, including skyscrapers, museums, and airport, subway, and train terminals. It is often the case that as the mega-buildings are built, many useful materials—structural steel, wood, reinforcing rods, sheets of corrugated steel, and concrete among them--are wasted, even though they could be utilized in smaller projects. The second fact is that digital technology is playing a more important role in the daily life of many people and professionals. The development of such technologies also influences the ways in which buildings are created. Many types of software programs now facilitate the standard and non-standard workings of architecture offices worldwide, starting with design, moving through fabrication, and culminating with assembly.It is suggested that we can reuse the scraps from huge construction projects to provide much needed small buildings in the developing world (such as houses or small commercial structures) by using new digital technologies. As the technology becomes available, many architects will be able to adapt and utilize all types of raw materials in the most efficient ways possible while minimizing the amount of waste taken to landfill sites.To advance these ideas, the author worked as an intern at Morphosis and visited the offices of Gehry Partners and Greg Lynn Form (all in Los Angeles), and Sharpies Holden Pasquarelli Architects (SHoP) in New York; these firms are among the most influential offices in the world, both in regards to the buildings they design and the digital technologies with which they work. Rule-based design was studied to better understand the logic of computation. Simultaneously, several experimental projects were designed and built.The knowledge gained from these studies, experiences, and experiments can give us confidence that new technology can help architects and designers organize the complexity of unique scraps for use in the construction of buildings or building components.However, problems were revealed that are in need of attention. For example, the machines that are typically used for digital fabrication procedures today, such as the laser cutter and CNC router, do not provide the best support for this work because they are not intended to be used with scraps and the price of the machine is relatively high.It is hoped that this project can be a small first step for other architects to understand the possibility and the logic of digital technology within the realm of building construction waste. If studied and understood, the new technology can be a very powerful tool to utilize the leftover material in the most efficient way.Department of Architecture
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Rizzo, Charlotte. "Wood Waste Derived Fuel: State of the Ard and Development Prospects in France : Focus on Construction and Demolition Wood Wastes." Thesis, KTH, Industriell ekologi, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-55330.
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Wood wastes are mainly originated from forestry, wood industry and construction and demolition sites activities. Among them, three types of wood waste can be identified: untreated wood waste (raw wood considered as biomass), slightly treated wood wastes (issued from coating or gluing treatments) and highly treated wood wastes (issued from impregnation treatments with CCA and creosote, and considered as hazardous wastes). According to the regulation, management of wastes in Europe is oriented towards more recycling and less elimination. However, among the French requirements, three main trends can be observed in regards of wood waste recovery: only treated wood wastes can be recovered in combustion units, no extensive technologies are allowed to recover highly treated wood wastes, which must then be eliminated by incineration, and slightly treated wood wastes can be either recovered as particle boards or eliminated. However, in this context, the amount of wood wastes from construction and demolition sites reach 7 million of tons in France. Among them, 5% correspond to raw wood, and 25% are slightly treated. The high combustion potential of wood wastes is moreover an opportunity to replace conventional fuel used in combustion units. The four main methods used to treat wood wastes are recycling as particleboards, combustion, incineration and land filling. Due to the various typologies of wood wastes, a conditioning step is needed before recovery. Then, if combustion seems to present advantages because of its neutral carbon impact, life cycle analysis demonstrates that emissions of other pollutants are observed. In addition, it is proved that controlled elimination methods are less impacting than unequipped recovery ones. Recycling is then not always the best practice in regards of the impacts considered in the study. Competition among the different methods treatment and low prices of wood wastes are specific economical aspects that could influence the development of the field. Moreover, the increasing acceptance of people for recovery and local waste treatment methods, as well as the need for energetically independency are factors that can likely promote wood waste derived fuel. These driving forces are evolving in a very rapid way. Regulation is moving towards implementation of standards to promote the development of slightly treated wood waste derived fuel. Technological and social improvement such as sorting at source, and the development of end of pipe treatment methods are also likely to have positive effects. An integrated solution to develop wood waste derived fuel would be to implement strong financial incentives in favour of clean technologies for wood wastes recovery methods. This enhancement could then be the mean to answer the double challenge of wood waste treatment and fossil fuel replacement. Wood wastes are mainly originated from forestry, wood industry and construction and demolition sites activities. Among them, three types of wood waste can be identified: untreated wood waste (raw wood considered as biomass), slightly treated wood wastes (issued from coating or gluing treatments) and highly treated wood wastes (issued from impregnation treatments with CCA and creosote, and considered as hazardous wastes). According to the regulation, management of wastes in Europe is oriented towards more recycling and less elimination. However, among the French requirements, three main trends can be observed in regards of wood waste recovery: only treated wood wastes can be recovered in combustion units, no extensive technologies are allowed to recover highly treated wood wastes, which must then be eliminated by incineration, and slightly treated wood wastes can be either recovered as particle boards or eliminated. However, in this context, the amount of wood wastes from construction and demolition sites reach 7 million of tons in France. Among them, 5% correspond to raw wood, and 25% are slightly treated. The high combustion potential of wood wastes is moreover an opportunity to replace conventional fuel used in combustion units. The four main methods used to treat wood wastes are recycling as particleboards, combustion, incineration and land filling. Due to the various typologies of wood wastes, a conditioning step is needed before recovery. Then, if combustion seems to present advantages because of its neutral carbon impact, life cycle analysis demonstrates that emissions of other pollutants are observed. In addition, it is proved that controlled elimination methods are less impacting than unequipped recovery ones. Recycling is then not always the best practice in regards of the impacts considered in the study. Competition among the different methods treatment and low prices of wood wastes are specific economical aspects that could influence the development of the field. Moreover, the increasing acceptance of people for recovery and local waste treatment methods, as well as the need for energetically independency are factors that can likely promote wood waste derived fuel. These driving forces are evolving in a very rapid way. Regulation is moving towards implementation of standards to promote the development of slightly treated wood waste derived fuel. Technological and social improvement such as sorting at source, and the development of end of pipe treatment methods are also likely to have positive effects. An integrated solution to develop wood waste derived fuel would be to implement strong financial incentives in favour of clean technologies for wood wastes recovery methods. This enhancement could then be the mean to answer the double challenge of wood waste treatment and fossil fuel replacement.Träavfall kommer från skogsbruk, trä‐ och byggbranschen och rivningsplatser. Bland dem kan tre typer av träavfall identifieras: obehandlat träavfall (obehandlat trä betraktas som biomassa), lätt behandlat träavfall (från beläggning eller limning) och högbehandlat träavfall (från impregnering med CCA och kreosot, betraktas som farligt avfall). Enligt avfallsförordningen, är hantering av avfall i Europa inriktad mer mot återvinning och mindre mot eliminering. Bland de franska kraven, kan tre huvudsakliga tendenser iakttas för återvinning av träavfall: endast behandlat avfall kan behandlas i förbränningsanläggningar för energiutvinning, högbehandlat träavfall måste elimineras genom förbränning och lätt behandlat avfall kan antingen återvinnas som spånskivor eller elimineras. I detta sammanhang uppgår mängden träavfall från bygg‐ och rivningsplatser till 7 miljoner ton i Frankrike. Bland dem, motsvarar 5% obehandlat trä, och 25% är lätt behandlat. Den höga förbränningspotentialen för träavfall ger dessutom en möjlighet att ersätta konventionellt bränsle som används i förbränningsanläggningar. De fyra huvudsakliga metoder som används för att behandla träavfall är återvinning i spånskivor, förbränning med energiutvinning, förbränning och deponering. På grund av olika typer av träavfall, krävs ett konditioneringsteg innan återvinning. Även om förbränningen är fördelaktigt på grund av sitt neutrala kol, visar livscykelanalyser utsläpp av andra föroreningar. Dessutom visas att kontrollerade elimineringsmetoder har mindre miljöpåverkar än återvinningsmetoder som ej har rätt utrustning. Återvinning är alltså inte alltid att föredra om man beaktar de effekter som gjorts vid denna undersökningen. Konkurrensen mellan olika behandlingsmetoder och låga priser på träavfall är specifika ekonomiska aspekter som skulle kunna påverka utvecklingen inom området. Dessutom, den ökande acceptansen av människor för återvinning och lokala avfallshanteringsmetoder, liksom behovet av inhemska energikällor är faktorer som sannolikt kan främja bränsle från träavfall. Dessa drivkrafter utvecklas på ett mycket snabbt sätt. Avfallsförordningen är på väg mot införandet av standarder för att främja utvecklingen av lätt behandlat träavfalls bränsle. Tekniska och sociala förbättringar, exempelvis källsortering och utveckling av återvinningsmetoder ger också sannolikt positiva effekter. En integrerad lösning för att utveckla bränsle från träavfall skulle vara att genomföra starka ekonomiska incitament till förmån för ren teknik för återvinning av träavfall. Den här förbättringen kan sedan vara ett medel att anta den dubbla utmaningen av hantering av träavfall och ersättning av fossila bränslen.
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Tabrizi, Shanar. "Keeping it in the loop : A roadmap to circular economy for NCC." Thesis, KTH, Industriell ekologi, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-189054.
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Resource efficiency and circular economy (CE) has become increasingly relevant to the Swedish construction company NCC in connection to the plans of demolishing the current head office in Stockholm and building a new head office next to it. NCC wants to investigate how to minimize the negative sustainability implications of bringing down a commercial facility well before its life length has expired, through exploring the possibilities of integrating principles of CE in future planning‐and construction processes. This study seeks to understand how the Swedish construction company NCC could work with decision-making for CE in order to keep their materials in the loop. As the concept of CE is broad there are many options for working with its principles. However, the construction industry is relatively new to these and a list of priorities would therefore be helpful in such an initial phase, as focusing on all would be inefficient and rather daunting. Thus, this study suggests a multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) as a tool for decision-making and prioritizing between various approaches to CE. Together with NCC, an MCDA was performed where three different options for working with CE were analysed (Waste as Resource, Circular Design and Circular Business Models). In a focus group, 17 criteria that were relevant to NCC were developed as a basis for analysing the options. These were then defined, scored and weighted to reveal a most preferable option. The MCDA showed that the most preferable approach to CE for NCC is working with circular design, i.e. Design for Deconstruction (DfD), followed closely by measures to increase the rate of reuse and recycling of already existing construction- and demolition waste. However, the sensitivity analysis revealed that if economic criteria received a higher weight, increased reuse and recycling is the most preferable option. MCDA was deemed a helpful decision-making tool for CE principles. While the scoring and weighting is subjective and it is challenging to quantify the criteria, the strength lies in bringing a new and innovative topic on the agenda by gathering key decision-makers in focus groups to discuss and learn. A preliminary study to this thesis was conducted at NCC (Tabrizi, 2015) with the aim of conducting a survey of good examples with regard to development of commercial properties that are designed for flexibility and deconstruction during refurbishment and end‐of‐life. It showed that the challenges relate to the hesitant perception of secondary material, design and construction limitations, the need for material documentation, organization and logistics as well as creating sustainable business models. Key success factors for overcoming these challenges for NCC is working towards better communication and promotion of secondary material through information sharing, building up a knowledge base and internal targets, as well as establishing a consistent work methodology for DfD in order to move NCC towards a circular economy.
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Kong, Yiu-kuen Wilson, and 江耀權. "To evaluate the current solid waste issues in Hong Kong's housing process." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2002. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31969124.
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Ribeiro, Simone. "Diagnóstico do gerenciamento dos resíduos da construção civil da região metropolitana de São Paulo /." Bauru : [s.n.], 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/90788.
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Orientador: Rosane Aparecida Gomes BattistelleBanca: Adilson Renofio
Banca: Adriana Antunes Lopes
Resumo: O crescimento dos resíduos sólidos vem se transformando em um dos grandes desafios para os órgãos municipais, especialmente dos resíduos sólidos urbanos, decorrentes da indústria da construção civil. Este trabalho teve como objetivo realizar um diagnóstico do gerencimento deste tipo de resíduos na região metropolitana de São Paulo, baseando-se em informações fornecidas pelos órgãos envolvidos e em visitas a locais de armazenamento, triagem, reciclagem e disposição final. Esta investigação decorreu da necessidade de se avaliar estratégias para minimizar os impactos socioambientais negativos, acarretados por esses resíduos. Seu objetivo geral foi coletar dados que delineassem a realidade do descarte de resíduos da construção civil no município de São Paulo e gerar subsídios que pudessem servir de apoio aos agentes envolvidos. Teve também por objetivos específicos: identificar os pontos de descarte na região metropolitana de São Paulo e realizar, por meio de dados e informações obtidas junto a órgãos públicos e empresas privadas, uma estimativa da geração dos resíduos de construção civil nesses pontos. Como resultado, contabilizou-se valores na ordem de 1.366.460,17 t/mês. Conclui-se que há necessidade de uma maior valorização de todos os materiais que constituem as peças de uma construção , no sentido de que não ocorram sobras, nem desperdícios de matéria-prima. Recomenda-se a preservação das áreas de jazidas de materiais e minimização do uso desses locais para destinação final dos resíduos.
Abstract: The growth of solid waste has become one of the greatest challenges for the public authorities, in particular the management of solid urban waste resulting from the construction industry. The purpose of this work is to perfom a diagnosis of the management of this type of waste in the greater São Paulo. This study is based on information supplied by the involved agencies, as well as visits to storage, separation, recycling and final disposition sites. Such investigation results from the need to evaluate strategies to minimize negative social and environmental impacts caused by such waste. The goal was to raise general data to draw the reality of disposal of waste from construction in the municipality of São Paulo and generate subsidies that could serve as a support for the agents involved. He had also by specific objectives: to identify the points of disposal in the greater São Paulo and carry through data and information from the public agencies and private companies, an estimate of the generation of waste from construction at such points. The data totalize a generation of Construction and Demolition Waste (CDW) of 1.366.460,17 metric tons/month in the city of São Paulo. In conclusion, one can mention the need to increase the value of all materials used as construction elements so that no unused materials remain nor raw materials are wasted. It is recommended to preserve the extraction sites of the materials and limit the use of these sites as final waste destination.
Mestre
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Karlsson, Andreas. "Avfallshantering på byggarbetsplatser : Potential för en miljöeffektiv avfallshantering." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för ekonomi, samhälle och teknik, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-21999.
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This thesis concerns waste management on construction sites and was conducted on behalf of ICA Fastigheter. Areas of concern: How can an environmentally-efficient waste management system on construction sites be defined? What potential exists for exploiting the waste resources that are generated? How can the waste management be optimised by reducing the quantity of waste and by optimal sorting? How can the client of a project influence the waste management? The purpose of the work was to investigate sustainable waste management in the building and construction sector and to highlight waste as a resource from an environmental and economic perspective.The aim of the work was to define an environmentally-efficient waste management system, to analyse the potential that exists in waste management and to draw up guidelines for optimal waste management.The method consisted of a literature study, two visits to construction sites and four interviews.An environmentally-efficient waste management system means that the waste is managed in the following order of priority: Prevention Reuse Recycling Energy recovery Landfill The prevention of waste is an important area that has not been adequately explored by the building and construction industry. The quantities of waste could decrease with the implementation of measures such as ordering materials in the dimensions required, prefabricated components, logistics centres with Just-In-Time deliveries, less and improved packaging and less wrapping. The reuse of waste materials and temporary apparatus as well as the use of a return pallet system are examples of reuse that reduces the quantities of waste. In most cases the source sorting work is a matter of course and the proportion going to landfill is down at a low level. The source sorting can be optimised by sorting all materials that can be reused and recycled to use them as a resource. The client of a project has great opportunities to influence the waste management in a sustainable direction by placing demands on the contractor. Demands can be placed on measures to reduce the quantities of waste, on a specific level of source sorting and on the reporting and monitoring of statistics.
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Feijão, Neto Francisco Gonçalves. "Deposições irregulares de resíduos da construção civil na cidade de Parnaíba - PI /." Rio Claro : [s.n.], 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/95673.
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Orientador: Manuel Baldomero Rolando Berrios GodoyBanca: Silvia Aparecida Guarnieri Ortigoza
Banca: Salvador Carpi Junior
Resumo: A presente pesquisa consistiu em investigar possíveis causas que levam à persistência da deposição irregular de Resíduos da Construção Civil - RCD -, em vias e logradouros públicos da cidade de Parnaíba/PI, de forma a gerar subsídios para a implementação de políticas públicas relacionadas à limpeza urbana municipal, com a finalidade de contribuir para a melhoria da saúde, bem como, também, para a qualidade de vida e ambiental no município. Para a definição das causas sociais que geram o problema, buscou-se identificar as categorias participantes que, direto ou indiretamente, estão envolvidas com o processo das deposições irregulares de RCD, que relações se estabelecem entre elas, quais as expectativas de umas em relação às outras, e que sanções existem, e são aplicadas, para cada categoria de participantes, quando da tentativa de controlar o comportamento de outras categorias envolvidas. As possíveis causas da persistência da deposição irregular de RCD em áreas de domínio público da cidade de Parnaíba estão relacionadas à inexistência de política pública municipal que considere os problemas dos RCD; aos altos investimentos de recursos na coleta corretiva, com a contínua remoção dos resíduos sólidos em geral, sem um acompanhamento efetivo; à falta de expressividade e à não efetividade de ações de controle por parte da administração municipal local, quanto à questão das deposições irregulares em vias e logradouros públicos do município; à indiferença da administração municipal quanto à legislação dos serviços de saneamento, no sentido de fazer valer as regulamentações federais e municipais; à substancial economia obtida pelos geradores e transportadores, que externam para a cidade os custos de transporte e deposição; ao recebimento de valores significativos por parte de empresas contratadas pela administração municipal, ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: This research consists in investigating possible reasons which lead to the persistence of irregular deposition of construction and demolition waste (CDW) in public ways and streets in Parnaíba-PI, in a manner of generating subsidies for implementation of public policy connected with the municipal urban sanitation, with the purpose of contributing for the health improving, as also, for the quality of life and ambient in the Municipality. To define the social reasons that generate the problem, it was necessary to identify the participant categories that, in a direct or indirect way, are involved with the irregular deposition of Construction and Demolition Waste process, what kind of connections are established among them, what are their expectations, and what sanctions exist and are applied for every participant categories regarding the attempt to control the behavior of others involved categories. The possible causes of the persistence of irregular CDW in public domain areas in Parnaíba-PI are connected with: the inexistence of a Municipal public policy that looks upon the problems of the CDW; the high investments of resources about the corrective collect with the continuous removal of solid waste, in general without an effective monitoring; the inexpressive and ineffective actions from the Municipal Administration about the irregular deposition of construction and demolition waste in public ways and streets; the indifference of the Municipal Administration about the legislation concerning the sanitation services in order to enforce the federal and municipal regulations; the substantial saving obtained from the generators and transporters, who externalize to the city the costs of transport and deposition; with the receiving of highly expressive values, from companies contracted for the Municipal Administration, as payment for public cleaning services, - collect, weeding and sweeping ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre
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Wiens, Ivy Karina [UNESP]. "A gestão de resíduos da construção civil: iniciativas na bacia hidrográfica Tietê-Jacaré e uma proposta para o município de Bauru (SP)." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/136668.
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Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo principal levantar a situação dos resíduos sólidos, em especial os resíduos de construção civil (RCD) nos cinco municípios mais populosos da Unidade de Gerenciamento de Recursos Hídricos (Bacia Hidrográfica) Tietê-Jacaré, que abrange trinta e quatro municípios. Entre 2006 e 2008 foram realizadas visitas de campo e uma pesquisa mais aprofundada em Araraquara, Bauru, Jaú, Lençóis Paulista e São Carlos. A perspectiva utilizada foi a do saneamento ambiental integrado, como preceitua a legislação federal, que inclui neste conceito o abastecimento de água, a coleta e tratamento dos esgotos, o manejo e disposição final de resíduos sólidos e a drenagem urbana. Os princípios da redução, reutilização, reciclagem e recuperação dos resíduos são indissociáveis do gerenciamento eficiente. No caso dos resíduos de construção, foi identificada a necessidade de uma gestão diferenciada, onde o planejamento urbano é utilizado como instrumento para otimizar a aplicação dos recursos públicos, o que é uma tendência. Os gestores municipais, de acordo com a Resolução CONAMA 307/02, precisam ser articuladores do sistema, envolvendo todos os protagonistas - gestores, transportadores, geradores, catadores. Experiências bem sucedidas no Brasil e no exterior podem servir de exemplo, mas cada município deve elaborar seu Plano de Gestão adequado à realidade local. Como recomendação, apresentamos uma proposta para o município de Bauru, buscando contribuir com a gestão integrada de resíduos de construção.
This research has as its main goal, study the situation of solid waste, specially construction and demolition waste, in the five largest cities in Tietê-Jacaré watershed, that is comprehended for 34 countries. Between 2006 and 2008 Araraquara, Bauru, Jaú, Lençóis Paulista e São Carlos received the field visit and a little deeper research. The used perspective was of the integrated environmental sanitation, as it is required by the federal law, which includes in this concept the water supply, the collecting and treatment of the sewer, the handling and final disposal of the solid residues and the urban drainage. The principles of the reduction, reutilization, recycling and recovery of the residues are inseparable from the effective management. As for the residues of the construction sector the promotion of differentiated management, in which the urban planning is used as a tool to optimize the application of the public resources is a tendency. Most of the time the city managers are not well prepared for this reality and then they need to act as articulators of the system involving all the protagonists - managers, transporters, generators, collectors. Experiments that have been successful in Brazil and abroad may be useful as examples, but each and every town must elaborate its own Management Plan properly adapted to the local reality. At the end of this study, it is a suggestion of a proposition for the implantation of an integrated management of the residues of the civil construction sector in the city of Bauru.
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Beja, Igor Amorim. "Agregado reciclado de construção e demolição com adição de aglomerantes hidráulicos como sub-base de pavimentos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3138/tde-16102014-151237/.
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O uso de resíduos de construção e demolição (RCD) vem ganhando espaço crescente em aplicações na engenharia. Este material adquiriu maior importância a partir da década de 70, com seu emprego ampliado como material granular em concretos de cimento para obras civis e no setor de infraestrutura, principalmente como camadas de pavimentos. O presente trabalho tem por objetivo compreender o comportamento físico e mecânico do agregado reciclado de resíduos de construção e demolição com adição de aglomerantes, a cal hidratada e cimento Portland. Foram construídos três trechos experimentais de uma via urbana com uso de RCD misto na sub-base dos pavimentos: (i) um sem aglomerantes adicionais, (ii) um com adição em usina de 3% de cal hidratada, e (iii) um com adição em usina de 3% de cimento Portland. Todas as amostras coletadas em usina foram caracterizadas em laboratório e foram analisados os comportamentos mecânicos das três diferentes misturas por meio de ensaios de (i) resistência à compressão simples aos 7 dias de cura para os materiais com aglomerantes, (ii) ensaios de módulo de resiliência a 7, 28 e 60 dias de cura para todas as misturas, e (iii) ensaios de deformação permanente com diferentes tensões. Analisando os resultados das misturas a 60 dias de cura, a mistura em RCD apresentou com o menor ganho em módulo de resiliência, enquanto que a mistura de RCD com 3% cimento, apresentou os maiores módulos, e a mistura RCD com adição em 3% de cal obteve um valor pouco abaixo daquele com cimento. Quanto ao comportamento à deformação permanente, verificou-se que a baixos níveis de tensão, todas as misturas apresentaram baixas deformações e comportamento similar. Em maiores níveis de diferença de tensões principais, as misturas estabilizadas apresentaram comportamento estável e as misturas em RCD obtiveram deformação permanente mais significativa. Com o monitoramento deflectométrico foi possível realizar retroanálise, e estimar os módulos de resiliência in situ, cujos valores foram similares aos encontrados em laboratório. Passados quase dois anos, o comportamento funcional e estrutural dos trechos experimentais é satisfatório.The use of construction and demolition waste (CDW) has been increasing in engineering applications the use of CDW has become more important since the 70s as granular material in cement concrete applications in civil engineering and transportation infrastructure, mainly as pavement layers. This study aims to understand the physical and mechanical behavior of recycled aggregate from construction and demolition waste with the addition of hydraulic binders, as hydrated lime and Portland cement. Three experimental urban pavement sections were constructed using CDW as subbase material: (i) the first one using CDW, (ii) the second one using CDW with 3% of hydrated lime (mixed in the plant), and (iii) the third one employing CDW with 3% of cement (also mixed in the plant). All samples collected in the plant were characterized in laboratory. The mechanical behavior of these materials and mixtures were analyzed through the following tests: (i) compressive strength after 7 days of curing for materials with hydraulic binders, (ii) resilient moduli after 7, 28, and 60 days of curing for all mixes, and (iii) permanent deformation. By analyzing the responses of the mixture after 60 days of curing, the CDW mixture presented, as a crushed stone, the smallest gain on resilient modulus, whereas mixture with 3% cement with CDW had the highest modulus. The mixture with 3 % hydrated lime with CDW showed resilient modulus smaller than the mixture with cement. The permanent deformations at low stress levels were low and similar for the three tested materials. On the other hand, at higher stress level, the stabilized mixtures exhibited stable behavior, and the mixture with CDW shows a significant permanent deformation. The backcalculation based on the measurement of field deflections showed values of resilient moduli in situ similar to the laboratory results. After almost two years, the performance of the experimental sections is considered satisfactory.
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Caldas, Ana Helena Mousinho. "Análise da disposição final dos resíduos de construção e demolição na cidade de João Pessoa." Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 2016. http://tede.biblioteca.ufpb.br:8080/handle/tede/9677.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
Waste resulting from the construction industry have a significant negative environmental impact, thus being a major problem for the construction industry and the regulatory agencies. The minimization of this waste can occur if they are properly managed from its generation to its final disposal, contributing to the reduction of environmental degradation. This research presents the results of the verification of the performance of the components of the RCD flow (generator - transporter - receiver for final disposal) regarding establishing legislation in the João Pessoa city. The aim of this study is to verify the compliance percentage (level of service) the final disposal stage of RCD flow in relation to the provisions of the legislation. The study presents the adherence percentage for the two companies officially responsible for the final disposal of this region, namely the USIBEN (RCD processing plant) which showed 79% of adherence and the Landfill Metropolitan which showed 63% adherence. The results show deviations in the treatment of RCD in relation to what is provided in legislation, especially to waste class D, which are considered dangerous, as well as other points that can and should be improved.
Os resíduos resultantes da indústria da construção civil têm um impacto ambiental negativo relevante, sendo assim um grande problema para o setor da construção civil e para os órgãos fiscalizadores. A minimização destes resíduos pode ocorrer se os mesmos forem corretamente gerenciados desde sua geração até sua disposição final, contribuindo para a diminuição da degradação do meio ambiente. Esta pesquisa apresenta os resultados da verificação da atuação dos componentes do fluxo de RCD (gerador – transportador – receptor para disposição final) em relação ao disposto na legislação na cidade de João Pessoa. O objetivo geral deste trabalho é verificar o percentual de aderência (nível de atendimento) da etapa de disposição final do fluxo de RCD em relação ao disposto na legislação. O estudo apresenta o percentual de aderência para as duas empresas oficialmente responsáveis pela disposição final desta região, qual seja, a USIBEN (usina de beneficiamento de RCD) que apresentou 79% de aderência e o Aterro Metropolitano que apresentou 63% de aderência. Os resultados demonstram desvios no tratamento de RCD em relação ao que está disposto na legislação, especialmente para com os resíduos classe D, que são considerados perigosos, além de outros pontos que podem e devem ser melhorados.
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Ribeiro, Simone [UNESP]. "Diagnóstico do gerenciamento dos resíduos da construção civil da região metropolitana de São Paulo." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/90788.
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O crescimento dos resíduos sólidos vem se transformando em um dos grandes desafios para os órgãos municipais, especialmente dos resíduos sólidos urbanos, decorrentes da indústria da construção civil. Este trabalho teve como objetivo realizar um diagnóstico do gerencimento deste tipo de resíduos na região metropolitana de São Paulo, baseando-se em informações fornecidas pelos órgãos envolvidos e em visitas a locais de armazenamento, triagem, reciclagem e disposição final. Esta investigação decorreu da necessidade de se avaliar estratégias para minimizar os impactos socioambientais negativos, acarretados por esses resíduos. Seu objetivo geral foi coletar dados que delineassem a realidade do descarte de resíduos da construção civil no município de São Paulo e gerar subsídios que pudessem servir de apoio aos agentes envolvidos. Teve também por objetivos específicos: identificar os pontos de descarte na região metropolitana de São Paulo e realizar, por meio de dados e informações obtidas junto a órgãos públicos e empresas privadas, uma estimativa da geração dos resíduos de construção civil nesses pontos. Como resultado, contabilizou-se valores na ordem de 1.366.460,17 t/mês. Conclui-se que há necessidade de uma maior valorização de todos os materiais que constituem as peças de uma construção , no sentido de que não ocorram sobras, nem desperdícios de matéria-prima. Recomenda-se a preservação das áreas de jazidas de materiais e minimização do uso desses locais para destinação final dos resíduos.
The growth of solid waste has become one of the greatest challenges for the public authorities, in particular the management of solid urban waste resulting from the construction industry. The purpose of this work is to perfom a diagnosis of the management of this type of waste in the greater São Paulo. This study is based on information supplied by the involved agencies, as well as visits to storage, separation, recycling and final disposition sites. Such investigation results from the need to evaluate strategies to minimize negative social and environmental impacts caused by such waste. The goal was to raise general data to draw the reality of disposal of waste from construction in the municipality of São Paulo and generate subsidies that could serve as a support for the agents involved. He had also by specific objectives: to identify the points of disposal in the greater São Paulo and carry through data and information from the public agencies and private companies, an estimate of the generation of waste from construction at such points. The data totalize a generation of Construction and Demolition Waste (CDW) of 1.366.460,17 metric tons/month in the city of São Paulo. In conclusion, one can mention the need to increase the value of all materials used as construction elements so that no unused materials remain nor raw materials are wasted. It is recommended to preserve the extraction sites of the materials and limit the use of these sites as final waste destination.