Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Construal'
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Zarroug, Amani. "The construal of romantic relationships in transgendered people : a personal construct approach." Thesis, University of Hertfordshire, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2299/7737.
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National Health Service (NHS) statistics show that 4000 people in the United Kingdom are receiving help for gender concerns (DH, 2008). Research has highlighted the importance of romantic relationships during early adulthood and an association with mental health (Fincham and Cui, 2011). The experience of romantic relationships among transgender people in ‘emerging adulthood’ (Arnett, 2000, 2006) is an under-researched area. The decision making process concerning, and construal of, romantic relationships among this group have yet to be investigated using Personal Construct Theory (PCT). This study uses qualitative and quantitative methods of inquiry from PCT to investigate the experiences of transgender people encountering romantic relationships. Overarching themes emerging from the participants in this study were of identity validation through romantic relationships, having a bi-gendered lens of the world, facilitating greater understanding in society, and learning from past relationships. Participants’ experiences are analysed individually, as well as as a group. Clinical significance of this, limitations and future research are also discussed.
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Roberts, Joseph C. "Construal level and prospective self-control." The Ohio State University, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1313595518.
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Torr, Stuart. "Construal level theory and mathematics education." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/9132.
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Includes bibliographical references.A common complaint of mathematics students is that mathematics is highly abstract. Students often find it difficult to attach meaning to the mathematical concepts they are expected to master. In addition to coming to grips with the abstract nature of the subject, mathematical proficiency requires engagement at a more concrete level. Students must be able to perform step by step algorithmic procedures, detailed algebraic manipulations and master new symbol systems. Mathematical competence often requires thinking at high and low levels of abstraction almost simultaneously and this creates a tension which lies at the core of mathematics education. This tension has been addressed in the literature on procedural versus conceptual approaches to mathematics education and in the literature on cognitive and metacognitive mathematical demands. Construal level theory, and to a lesser extent dual process theory, are theories in cognitive and social psychology which provide a lens through which the difficulties of reasoning at multiple levels of abstraction can be viewed. Construal level theory posits that thinking about psychologically distant objects influences the extent to which we view possibly unrelated objects abstractly or concretely. Psychological distance and abstract thought are cognitively linked together and make up Far Mode thinking. Psychological proximity and concrete thinking are intrinsically linked together to form Near Mode thinking. It is argued that construal level theory forms a useful framework for interpreting much mathematics education research as well as helping to explain the difficulties students experience in implementing problem solving heuristic strategies. Evidence is presented suggesting that priming mathematics students to adopt either a Near or Far mental mode has an impact on their performance in solving conceptually challenging mathematical problems.
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Perrett, Denise Lesley. "The dynamics of tense construal in Hadiyya." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.269955.
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Greaves, Sara. "Time-Construal Associations and Functional Outcomes: Examining the Relationship between Time-Construal Associations, Well-Being, Self-Control, and Time Travel." The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1428668899.
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Sasota, Jo A. "Construal-moderated automatic associations between temptations and goals." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1211402656.
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Woodrow, Ceri. "Nursing Staff's Construal of Patients with Anorexia Nervosa." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.503631.
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West, Tyler. "Interdependent Self-Construal: A Link to Psychological Resilience." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2016. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1224.
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In the course of figuring out one’s identity, the proactive manner in which an individual defines one’s self or builds one’s character is an important aspect of the venture. Markus and Kitayama (1991) described and contrasted interdependent self-construal and independent self-construal, two forms of self-construction. This paper presents the theoretical link between interdependent self-construal and psychological resilience. Identity development is viewed through the interdependent self-construal perspective and it is explained how interdependence provides an individual with more and better opportunities for identity development. Through a conceptual tie to self-compassion, interdependent self-construal may be a key component to experiencing psychological resilience.
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Strongheart, D. H., Florence Obison, and Fabio Bordoni. "Applying Construal Level Theory to Communication Strategies for Participatory Sustainable Development." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Sektionen för ingenjörsvetenskap, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-2835.
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To the vast majority of people, the terms “sustainability” and “sustainable development” are unfamiliar, and, when they are recognized, there is still a great deal of interpretability as to their significance. Since no consensus exists regarding these terms, communication efforts to promote action and awareness among citizens must invariably “frame” the issue of sustainable development in one way or another. By and large, most communication strategies promote small private-sphere actions relevant to patterns of consumption. While these small actions are helpful, participatory, collective, public-sphere activism towards sustainability is much more potent and desirable. In attempting to engage this type of participatory action, communicators must understand the psychological barriers that are likely to confront their efforts. Communication professionals recognize that one such barrier, that of perceived, or, psychological distance, from issues of non-sustainability is especially pernicious. This paper attempts to apply Construal Level Theory (CLT), which provides “an account of how psychological distance influences individuals’ thoughts and behavior” (Trope et al. 2007) to the design of communication strategies for participatory sustainable development. After providing a thorough review of CLT, the authors examine the many ways that the theory can contribute to the design of communication strategies for participatory sustainable development.
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Mateu, Fontanals Jaume. "Argument structure: relational construal at the syntax-semantics interface." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/4828.
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Aquesta tesi tracta de les propietats relacionals de la sintaxi i la semàntica de l'estructura argumental. En especial, estudio la relació entre l'estructura argumental i la descomposició lèxica: defenso que una descomposició mínima dels elements lèxics (e.g., ensellar o trencar) és necessària si es vol donar compte de les seves estructures relacionals complexes. Al capítol primer s'hi proposa la hipòtesi teòrica principal segons la qual hi ha un homomorfisme important entre la sintaxi i la semàntica relacionals de l'estructura argumental. Demostro que a aquesta hipòtesi se li pot donar una base teòrica si i només si es fa la distinció langackeriana següent: el significat és una funció del contingut conceptual i de la construalitat semàntica. En introduir aquesta distinció en el paradigma generativista, argumento que només la construalitat semàntica es codifica de manera transparent a la sintaxi. Poso també especial èmfasi a fer veure que la meva aproximació a l'estudi de l'estructura argumental participa tant de la teoria sintàctica de Hale i Keyser (1998, 1999a) com de la teoria semàntica de Mateu (1999).
Al capítol segon s'hi analitzen les propietats relacionals de la sintaxi i la semàntica dels verbs inacusatius i inergatius. Exemplifico la meva anàlisi de la 'inacusativitat' amb l'estudi de dos casos diferents: en primer lloc, faig una explicació formal dels aspectes semàntics relacionals que determinen la selecció d'auxiliar en llengües com l'italià i el francès; en segon lloc, defenso que l'anàlisi de la construcció progressiva implica una estructura inacusativa locativa que domina l'estructura argumental que està lèxicament associada al predicat verbal.
Al capítol tercer s'hi estudien les propietats relacionals de la sintaxi i la semàntica de l'anomenada 'elasticitat del significat verbal' (Rappaport Hovav i Levin 1998). Es demostra que la variació lingüística que afecta aquest fenomen està relacionada amb la distinció tipològica de Talmy (1985, 1991, 2000) entre llengües d'emmarcament en el satèl·lit com l'anglès, l'alemany o el neerlandès, i llengües d'emmarcament en el verb com el català, l'espanyol o el francès. S'hi analitzen de manera detallada la sintaxi i la semàntica relacionals de dues construccions que són típiques de les llengües d'emmarcament en el satèl·lit: les construccions de moviment que inclouen un verb de manera de moviment i un trajecte fitat, i les construccions resultatives complexes. Poso especial èmfasi a demostrar per què en català no existeixen aquestes construccions. Faig veure també per què en català no existeixen determinats verbs denominals complexos ni certs casos d'alternances locatives, que són més aviat típics de llengües germàniques com l'alemany o el neerlandès.
Al capítol quart s'hi estudia l'anomenada 'restricció d'objecte directe' en les construccions resultatives de l'anglès. Tot i que s'ha posat en dubte aquesta restricció (e.g., vegeu Rappaport Hovav i Levin 2001), faig veure les raons per les quals cal recuperar la validesa d'aquesta restricció. En aquest capítol s'hi analitza també la sintaxi i la semàntica relacionals d'una construcció idiomàtica de l'anglès que té un correlat molt directe amb les construccions resultatives: i.e., la "way-construction". Demostro també per què aquesta construcció no transgredeix la 'restricció d'objecte directe', tot i que ho pugui semblar a primer cop d'ull.
Al capítol cinquè s'hi fa un resum força extens de les tesis més rellevants que un hom pot extreure d'aquest treball. Aquestes tesis les exemplifico a partir de l'anàlisi de la sintaxi i la semàntica relacionals d'un dels meus casos d'estudi preferits: el verb climb. Cal advertir que aquest capítol està pensat per a aquell lector (cada vegada més freqüent!) que vol saber amb un cert detall de què tracta la tesi, però que no té temps per a llegir-se-la tota.
This thesis deals with the relational syntax and semantics of argument structure. Special attention is paid to the relation between argument structure and lexical decomposition: a minimal decomposition of lexical items like to saddle or to break is argued to be necessary in order to elucidate their complex relational structures.
In chapter 1 I put forward the hypothesis that there is a strong homomorphism between the relational syntax and semantics of argument structure. This hypothesis is shown to gain theoretical support iff a fundamental distinction is drawn: meaning is a function of both non-syntactically transparent conceptual content and syntactically transparent semantic construal. Accordingly, a syntactically transparent approach to semantic composition is adopted in the present framework, which partakes in both Hale & Keyser's (1998, 1999a) syntactic theory of the basic argument structure types and Mateu's (1999) semantic theory of argument structure, which assumes that certain meanings are associated to certain structures.
In chapter 2 I analyze the relational syntax and semantics of unaccusative and unergative verbs. The present analysis of unaccusativity is exemplified with two different case studies: Firstly, I provide a formal account of the relational semantic determinants of 'aux-selection' in languages like Italian and French. Secondly, I argue that the progressive construction can be analyzed as involving a locative unaccusative structure over that argument structure lexically associated to the verbal predicate.
In chapter 3 I put forward a relational syntactic and semantic account of the crosslinguistic variation involved in the so-called 'elasticity of verb meaning' (Rappaport Hovav & Levin 1998). Such a variation is argued to be related to Talmy's (1985, 1991, 2000) typological distinction between 'satellite-framed languages' and 'verb-framed languages'. In particular, I analyze two constructions that are typical of satellite-framed languages like English, Dutch or German: complex telic path of motion constructions and complex resultative constructions. I also show why these constructions are impossible in verb-framed languages like Catalan or Spanish. Moreover, I provide an explanation of why certain classes of complex denominal verbs and some cases of locative alternation are more productive in satellite-framed languages rather than in verb-framed ones.
In chapter 4 I argue my way to the conclusion that the so-called 'Direct Object Restriction' (DOR) on resultative constructions, which has been recently called into question by Rappaport Hovav & Levin (2001), must be regained. In this chapter I also put forward a relational syntactic and semantic analysis of the so-called way-construction, showing that, despite appearances, such an idiomatic construction does not violate the DOR either.
Chapter 5 provides an extensive recapitulation of some relevant theses worth being drawn from the present work. I exemplify them by providing a relational syntactic and semantic analysis of one of my favorite case studies: i.e., the verb climb.
CAVEAT: Chapter 5 is mainly intended for that reader who does not want to spend time reading a 300-pages work on lexical decomposition issues, but nonetheless wants a very detailed summary of it.
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Reyt, Jean-Nicolas. "Innovation, Learning and Construal Levels in the Modern Workplace." Phd thesis, Université Paris Dauphine - Paris IX, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01066641.
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Knowledge is increasingly recognized as one of the most critical resources in the modern workplace, because the way knowledge is learned, shared and used determines organizational innovation and effectiveness. In my dissertation, I build on construal level theory to explore the relationship between workers' roles and the types of knowledge that workers create and share. In particular, I draw upon two features of the modern workplace that are evolving dramatically - the increasing use of technology and changing hierarchical structures - to explore how the level of abstraction at which employees mentally represent their work roles mediates the relationship between these structural features of the work context and the practically-relevant and important employee behaviors underlying innovation. I leverage methodological diversity to test the hypotheses in eight studies, including two studies based on archival data, four laboratory experiments and two longitudinal studies based on survey data.
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Simonovic, Nicolle. "Effects of Construal Framing on Responses to Ambiguous Health Information." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1594927308547261.
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Friedman, Michael David. "The effects of self-construal and religious fundamentalism on terror management effects." Thesis, Texas A&M University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/545.
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Two experiments were conducted to assess the effects of self-construal and religious fundamentalism on terror management processes. It was found that both interdependent self-construal and religious fundamentalist beliefs offer protection against death-related thoughts and worldview defense following mortality salience. The implications for terror management theory are discussed.
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Carnevale, Jessica Jane. "The Impact of Individual Differences in Distance-Construal Associations on Self-Control." The Ohio State University, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1308082178.
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Beydogan, Basak. "Self-construal Differences In Perceived Work Situation And Well-being." Phd thesis, METU, 2009. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12609332/index.pdf.
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Based on the theoretical framework provided by Balanced Integration Differentiation (BID) Model (mamoglu, 19982003) and Self-Determination Theory (SDT) (Deci and Ryan, 1985), this study aimed to explore possible determinants of Turkish employees&
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subjective (i.e., life satisfaction) and psychological well-being. Previous SDT research demonstrated that autonomus causality orientation and perceived autonomy supportiveness of context predicted need satisfaction at work and in turn, employee well-being (e.g., Baard et al., 2004
Ilardi et al., 1993). BID Model was tested in a work setting for the first time. Different from SDT research, relational aspects both as a form of self orientation and a contextual characteristic (i.e., perceived relatedness supportiveness) were included in this study, along with individuational orientation and perceived autonomy supportiveness dimension, to explore their possible influence on well-being. Three-hundred-eighty-three employees (154 women and 229 men) from various public and private sector organizations participated in the study. Onehundred- ninety-two of them were from public sector organizations, whereas 191 of them were from private sector organizations. Relational and individuational self orientations directly predicted need satisfaction and psychological well-being, whereas relational orientation directly predicted life satisfaction. Need satisfaction also predicted both types of wellbeing. Furthermore, relational orientation predicted both autonomy and relatedness supportiveness of work context and in turn, predicted need satisfaction and well-being in public sector organizations. Furthermore, individuational orientation predicted autonomy supportiveness and relational orientation predicted relatedness supportiveness and in turn, predicted need satisfaction and well-being in private sector organizations. The findings were discussed in terms of relevant literature.
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Pizzi, Gabriele <1982>. "The temporal pattern of customer satisfaction: a construal-level approach." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2010. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/2514/.
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Customer satisfaction has been traditionally studied and measured regardless of the time elapsed since the purchase. Some studies have recently reopened the debate about the temporal pattern of satisfaction. This research aims to explain why “how you evaluate a service depends on when you evaluate it” on the basis of the theoretical framework proposed by Construal-Level Theory (CLT). Although an empirical investigation is still lacking, the literature does not deny that CLT can be applied also with regard to past events. Moreover, some studies support the idea that satisfaction is a good predictor of future intentions, while others do not. On the basis of CLT, we argue that these inconsistent results are due to the different construal levels of the information pertaining to retrospective and prospective evaluations. Building on the Two-Factor Theory, we explain the persistence of certain attributes’ representations over time according to their relationship with overall performance.
We present and discuss three experiments and one field study that were conducted a) to test the extensibility of CLT to past events, b) to disentangle memory and construal effects, c) to study the effect of different temporal perspective on overall satisfaction judgements, and d) to investigate the temporal shift of the determinants of customer satisfaction as a function of temporal distance.
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Pope, Nicolas William. "Supporting the migration from construal to program : rethinking software development." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2011. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/46969/.
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Creative software design, where there is no theory, no pre-computer precedent, no set of requirements or even necessarily an objective, challenges all existing software development methods. There can be no assumption that end-users know what they want. Each and every situation is unique, unpredictable and due to feedback is continually changing. Fixed solutions developed by non-domain experts are all but impossible in more unconventional systems, and increasingly there may not be domain experts at all. Allowing individuals or groups of non-professionals to program is one approach (End-User Development). However, programming requires a degree of formality, design and specification that cannot co-exist with the most informal pre-theoretical applications which need to be developed by exploratory experimentation to help with problem-solving and sense-making. Instead of programming a finished application from the beginning, there is a need to develop personal, provisional and subjective models and evolve these into public, objective and assured applications. Developing these models \on-line" through interactive experimentation is essential and it is the objective of Empirical Modelling (EM) research to enable the modelling of sense-making artefacts called construals. Whilst existing EM tools are able to support construals there is a need to see how a smooth transition from construals to applications can be made. Such a migration is not one-way as the resulting applications need to remain plastic. The aim of this thesis is to explore and develop ways of enhancing EM principles and tools to better support such migrations from construals to programs. By first identifying key characteristics of construals and associated principles and techniques, along with a critique of the existing EM tool, a new kind of environment for plastic software development is proposed. A major contribution of this thesis is the development of such a prototype environment which is illustrated using a collection of artefacts developed within it. From the prototype, called Cadence, an informal and a formal idealised account was elicited to provide a framework for this kind of development activity. The ideas explored in the thesis have the potential to impact upon the operating systems community and the everyday computer user in radical ways if taken forward. The thesis demonstrates that applications can be developed from construals without a translation step, keeping the resulting applications plastic.
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Buchanan, Joshua. "Construal level as a moderator of the opportunity-regret association." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1354560869.
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Wright, Scott A. "Using Construal level Theory to Deter the Social Desirability Bias." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1336413019.
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Bruchmann, Kathryn Irene Gaetz. "Exploring the implications of construal level for social comparison theory." Diss., University of Iowa, 2013. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/1555.
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This dissertation examines the relationship between two social psychological theories: Social Comparison Theory (Festinger, 1954) and Construal Level Theory (Liberman & Trope, 1998). More specifically, this research assesses how a person's level of mental abstraction (i.e., construal level) might influence the way social comparison information from individuals or aggregates is used to form self-evaluations. Typically, comparison information from individuals (versus information about aggregates) is given disproportionate weight when forming self-evaluations; in other words, there is a "local" (i.e., individual) dominance effect in the utilization of social comparison information (e.g., Zell & Alicke, 2010). It is predicted that with greater mental abstraction (i.e., higher construal level), this tendency will be reversed, and instead comparison information from aggregates will be relied upon more when evaluating the self. In other words, abstract mindsets (versus concrete mindsets) should result in a "global" (i.e., aggregate) dominance effect in the weighting of social comparison information.
Six studies examine the influence of construal level on the use of aggregate versus individual social comparison information. Two pilot studies provide initial evidence that abstract mindsets lead to a global dominance effect. The generalizability of these effects is tested by providing comparison feedback on different tasks (Study 1 and Study 4), testing the influence of different construal mindset manipulations (Study 2), as well as manipulating the psychological distance (an antecedent of construal level; e.g., Trope and Liberman, 2003) of social comparison targets (Studies 3 - 4). Additionally, the relative weighting of individual versus aggregate comparison targets is directly tested by comparing self-evaluations with only aggregate comparison information, and with both aggregate and individual comparison information (Study 2 and Study 4).
Results across all studies indicate that while social comparisons with better off or worse off targets typically result in robust effects, evidence of local dominance and effects of construal manipulations are much more subtle. Theoretical implications for Social Comparison Theory and Construal Level Theory and practical implications are discussed.
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Stillman, Paul Edgar. "Maximizing Progress: High-Level Construals Promote Sensitivity To Goal Progress Asymmetries." The Ohio State University, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1308244662.
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Zhu, Wenzhen. "Adult Attachment, Cultural Orientation and Sacrifice in Couples: A Comparison between American and Chinese Samples." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2019. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1538783/.
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The present study examined the effects of adult attachment and cultural orientation on sacrifice behaviors and the corresponding emotional reactions, using a cross-cultural sample in the U.S. and China. Strain-tests protocol was utilized in this study, in which an individual (i.e., the asker) was asked to share with their romantic partner a personal goal that required a major sacrifice from their partner (i.e., the responder), and then entered a discussion to process their plan of carrying out this goal. The final sample included 115 couples from the U.S. and 99 couples from China. Results indicated that responder's attachment avoidance was negatively associated with sacrifice offered to their partners and they reported more positive emotions as a result. The interaction between attachment anxiety and nationality was significant. Specifically, in the U.S. sample, individuals with high attachment anxiety were more likely to offer sacrifice for their partners, but this effect was reversed in the Chinese sample. In addition, interdependent self-construal (ISC) was a significant moderator for the relation between attachment anxiety and sacrifice behavior. Individuals who endorsed higher ISC and higher anxious attachment were less likely to make sacrifice for their partner. Furthermore, when individual offered more sacrifice, they reported more positive emotions in general, but this effect was stronger in the Chinese sample than the U.S. sample. In addition, it was found that responders who endorsed higher ISC offered more sacrifice to their partner when asked to. These results advanced our understanding of the complex role of adult attachment in negotiating situations when partners in romantic relationships have different goals, as well as possible cultural differences in the expression of the attachment influences. The findings also highlighted the systemic perspective in understanding the roles of both partners' individual traits (i.e., attachment) and cultural values (i.e., interdependent self-construal) on their behaviors (i.e., sacrifice) in romantic relationships. Counseling implications, limitations, and future research directions were discussed.
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Lyytikäinen, Maria. "(Bort)förklaringar till varför reflexer inte används : Ålder, kön och Construal Level Theory." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för hälsa, vård och välfärd, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-19238.
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Genom att använda reflex kan gångtrafikanten i mörkret upptäckas 100 meter tidigare av bilisten. Ändå används de inte. CLT rör hur mentala konstruktioner formas och hur individen rör sig mellan psykologiska distanser på abstrakta eller konkreta nivåer. Kognitiv dissonans innebär att beteenden ligger i konflikt vilket leder till obehag som behöver reduceras. En enkätundersökning med 120 deltagare genomfördes med syftet att se om individer inomhus i dagsljus förklarade sin frånvaro av reflexer abstrakt medan individer utomhus i mörker förklarade konkret. Resultatet visade inget stöd för detta men däremot att män hade en tendens att förklara sig mer abstrakt än kvinnor samtidigt som de använde reflexer mer sällan och ansåg dem vara mindre viktiga för säkerheten. Resultatdiskussionen gällde om frågorna i indelningarna av abstrakt och konkret är alltför olika. Dessutom diskuteras om den psykologiska distansen var för liten eller om kön avgör mer för typ av förklaring än miljön.
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Dusthimer, Nicole. "Temptation and Construal Level Associations as a Marker of Unsuccessful versus Successful Dieting." The Ohio State University, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1462024089.
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Miller, Traci Rinker. "Culture, gender and moral emotions the role of interdependent self-construal /." Full text available online (restricted access), 2002. http://images.lib.monash.edu.au/ts/theses/Miller.pdf.
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Higginbotham, Andrew. "Construal of self in voice hearers who use mental health services." Thesis, University of East London, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.532439.
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Wiebe, Jeff, and University of Lethbridge Faculty of Management. "Near or far : psychological distance construal and its role in ethical." Thesis, Lethbridge, Alta. :|bUniversity of Lethbridge, Faculty of Management,|cc2013, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10133/3431.
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A focus group and experiment were conducted to test the effects of psychological distance on participant affect, intentions, and behaviours in the realm of ethical consumption. Construal Level Theory (Liberman and Trope, 1998) posits that psychologically-near concepts are viewed differently than their psychologically-far counterparts, and this framework was used to guide the development of predictions relating to four dimensions of distance: temporal, spatial, social, and hypothetical. The study revealed that participants exhibit significantly higher levels of affect and intention when presented stimuli involve psychologically near impacts rather than psychologically-far impacts. This finding did not carry over into actual behaviour, however. Subject disposition toward psychological distance was measured but was found to not impact affect, intentions, or behaviour. Perceived Consumer Effectiveness (Kinnear, Taylor, & Ahmed, 1974) was found to be an important predictor of behaviour.viii, 103 leaves ; 29 cm
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Stillman, Paul Edgar. "The Neural Correlates of Temporal Distance Traversal and Level of Construal." The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1437048047.
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Kiselica, Andrew Mark. "The Effects of Repetitive Thought and Construal Level on Alcohol Consumption." Scholar Commons, 2015. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/5521.
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Repetitive thought, or the recurrent, often cyclical, focus on self-relevant concerns and experiences, is one liability that may be common across internalizing (INT) and externalizing (EXT) disorders. One particular area of interest for examining repetitive thought as a transdiagnostic process is in relation to alcohol use because alcohol abuse and dependence are the most common, and possibly most costly, EXT disorders. This study experimentally induced abstract repetitive thought, concrete repetitive thought, or distraction to test if repetitive thought and construal level have an effect on drinking behavior. It was hypothesized that individuals in both repetitive thought conditions would drink more than those in the distraction condition. Second, it was expected that individuals in the abstract condition would drink more than those in the concrete condition. Neither of these hypotheses was supported. Additionally, to assess for evidence of repetitive thought as a transdiagnostic process, the interaction between repetitive thought and INT was examined. If repetitive thought is truly transdiagnostic, then the relationship between repetitive thought and drinking should be stronger for individuals with more internalizing symptoms. Results did not indicate a significant interaction effect. The lack of findings in this study may be due to an ineffective experimental manipulation. Alternatively, they may suggest that repetitive thought does not have an effect on drinking.
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MacGregor, Karen E. "Antecedents, Consequences and Lay Theories of Counteractive High-Level Construal in Self-Control Contexts." The Ohio State University, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1342557642.
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Bevan, Nicole Dusthimer. "Understanding Factors that Influence the Effectiveness of Construal Level on Self-Control Success." The Ohio State University, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1554718599915027.
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Stredwick, Jane Rebecca. "Construal of sources of help for psychological problems by charismatic evangelical Christians." Thesis, University of East London, 1995. http://roar.uel.ac.uk/3646/.
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Previous research on constructions of help-seeking for psychological problems in Christians in the UK is absent. What research there is more generally, has been over-shadowed in psychology and psychotherapy by the dominance of a pathologyoriented social system and values about what is good and how life should be lived "healthily". The aim of this research was to use a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods, to investigate the ways in which Christians construe help-seeking for psychological problems from various sources. 14 committed Christians from a close-knit group in East London were participants in the study. Participants were interviewed using repertory grid methodology and, using the "Triadic method", 10 bipolar constructs were elicited for each person. The grids was then filled in, and the element and construct ratings were factor-analysed. The resultant factors were then returned to the participants, each being interviewed in order to elaborate, modify or interpret them from their own point of view. A thematic analysis of the interview transcripts was carried out. The analysis produced 4 significant themes: 1)Belief in the "intrusive spiritual", 2)Fami1iarity, friendship, trust and safety, 3)Secular professionals and 4)Authority, hierarchy and power. The clinical and theoretical implications of these findings were discussed and suggestions for future research made.
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Kim, Yongtaek 1968. "Event construal and its linguistic encoding: Towards an Extended Semantic Map model." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/10329.
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xvi, 185 p. : ill. A print copy of this thesis is available through the UO Libraries. Search the library catalog for the location and call number.This dissertation investigates constructional alternation among the English verb- at , verb- away-at , and verb- away constructions. The primary purpose is to lay a fundamental conceptual framework on the interrelation between how we perceive a situation in an external world and how we construe it as an event structure in a conceptualized world to encode it linguistically. This study suggests an Extended Semantic Map (hereafter ESM) model. It presents an in-depth analysis of the three constructions, derived from the BNC (British National Corpus), and resultative constructions in Korean and Japanese. I argue that language has conceptual bases rooted in perception and cognitive construal. Construal allows one to view the same situation in a number of alternative ways. Construal is closely related to distribution of attention, which has two main patterns: focus of attention and windowing of attention. Focus of attention is mainly based on perceptual prominence. It is placed on participants and is typically encoded in the selection and arrangement of nominals. Windowing of attention operates on cognitive prominence. It is a cognitive process to segment some relation(s) out of an event structure. It is typically encoded in predicate or adverbial expressions. I further argue that any mismatch between perceptual and cognitive prominence requires overt marking. For example, the English passive construction requires the overt marking of ' be/get + past participle,' which directs an addressee's primary focus of attention to a perceptually secondary but cognitively primary patient. It also places windowing of attention on the perceptually secondary but cognitively primary Change. Windowing and focus of attention will be used to define the X- and Y-axes of the ESM. The X-axis consists of five causal relations -- Volition, Activity, Force Transfer, Change, and State, on which attention is windowed. The Y-axis is composed of four types of configuration for the semantic roles of the participants -- Agent, Agent-Location, Agent-Theme, and Theme. The ESM visually maps relations among constructions within and across languages. It illustrates how event structures can be categorized typically as either [Activity]-windowing or [Change]-windowing. Finally, it also allows us to represent cross-linguistic differences in the available constructions for construing event structures.
Committee in charge: Eric Pederson, Chairperson, Linguistics; Scott DeLancey, Member, Linguistics; Doris Payne, Member, Linguistics; Kaori Idemaru, Outside Member, East Asian Languages & Literatures
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Cochran, Karly A. "When Relationships Threaten Quality of Life: The Role of Romantic Self-Construal." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1564451173049897.
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Cardoso, Laylla Donata. "A systemic functional approach to experiential meaning construal in agony aunt columns." Florianópolis, SC, 2007. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/90111.
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Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Comunicação e Expressão. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Letras/Inglês e Literatura Correspondente.Made available in DSpace on 2012-10-23T06:15:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 238448.pdf: 881628 bytes, checksum: 355ad2c765eed1b2e6ff47b7beaab256 (MD5)
Nos dias atuais, há uma crescente necessidade de socializar problemas pessoais e, notavelmente, as revistas femininas são um bom veículo para o compartilhamento de experiências. Nesta dissertação, investigo um gênero textual específico em revistas femininas, as colunas de aconselhamento. A função principal dessas colunas é responder e aconselhar leitoras sobre questões pessoais, normalmente relacionadas a problemas conjugais envolvendo sexo e amor, assim como relacionamento entre amigos. Este estudo propõe uma investigação lingüística de duas colunas de aconselhamento publicadas na revista Glamour. O objetivo principal é mostrar como as experiências são representadas nas cartas das leitoras e também nas cartas de aconselhamento. Para esse fim, em uma macro aborgadem, a análise deste gênero textual revela a estrutura esquemática das cartas sob consideração. E, em uma micro abordagem, este estudo examina a representação de experiências realizadas pelas escolhas de transitividade. O arcabouço analítico aplicado a esta pesquisa baseia-se na teoria sistêmico-funcional, principalmente nos estudos de Halliday (1985, 1994) e Halliday & Matthiessen (2004). Os resultados do presente trabalho indicam que: 1) as colunas de aconselhamento publicadas na revista Glamour podem ser consideradas um gênero textual híbrido, no qual as cartas das leitoras apresentam características narrativas, enquanto as cartas de aconselhamento apresentam estrutura exortativa; 2) a análise da transitividade revela que: (i) até mesmo em uma dimensão profissional, as experiências femininas estão relacionadas a emoções e relacionamentos pessoais; (ii) os processos materiais, relacionais e mentais aparecem em maior número, indicando que as experiências são construídas geralmente por representações de ações, relações de atribuição/identidade e compartilhamento de sentimentos/pensamentos; (iii) esses processos associam as experiências femininas aos contextos privado e profissional, à idealização de soluções para os problemas expostos, e à ações abstratas; (iv) as leitoras se representam em papéis passivos, como "vítimas" socialmente oprimidas, visto que a conselheira é representada de maneira autoconfiante, como uma solucionadora de problemas. Os resultados desta pesquisa esperam contribuir para a conscientização dos leitores, estimulando-os a refletir sobre as práticas textuais vigentes, bem como fornecer ferramentas teórico-analíticas para que possam discutir e desvendar significados freqüentemente obscuros nos textos. In contemporary days, there seems to be a growing need to socialize personal problems, and notably, women's magazines appear to be a good vehicle for sharing experiences. In this thesis, I investigate a specific genre in women's magazines, the Agony Aunt Columns, also known as advice columns. The main function of Agony Aunt Columns is to answer readers' letters by providing pieces of advice on personal issues, normally related to love, sex, and relationships in general. The present study proposes a linguistic investigation of two Agony Aunt Columns, published on Glamour magazine. The main objective of this work is to show how experiential meanings are construed in both, advice-seeking and advice-giving letters. For that purpose, at a macro level, a genre analysis reveals the schematic structure of the letters under consideration. And, at a micro level, this study examines the representation of experiential meanings realized by the transitivity choices. The analytical framework applied to this research is based on Systemic Functional theory, mainly on the works of Halliday (1985, 1994) and Halliday & Matthiessen (2004). The results of this study indicate that: 1) Glamour Agony Aunt Columns may be considered an example of hybrid genre, in which advice-seeking letters present narrative features, while advice-giving letters resemble the structure of hortatory text-types; 2) the transitivity analysis of the two Agony Aunt Columns reveals that: (i) even in a workplace dimension, women's experiences are related to emotions and private affairs; (ii) material, relational and mental processes appear in a major number, indicating that women's experiences are construed mostly by representations of actions, relationships of being and sharing of feelings/thoughts; (iii) the processes associate women's experiences with identification in the two contexts (private and professional), idealization (the solutions for their problems), and with abstract and non-abstract actions; (iv) advice-seekers tend to represent themselves in passive roles, as "victims" socially oppressed, whereas the advice-giver is strongly represented as a reliable self-confident problem solver. The findings of this research hope to contribute to raise language awareness, stimulate readers to reflect on textual practices, as well as empowering them with theoretically-oriented analytical tools for discussing and unveiling often hidden textual meanings.
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Kim, Young Kyu. "Age-related differences in construal level theory: implications for product concept testing." Diss., University of Iowa, 2018. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/6449.
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This research seeks to advance our understanding about potential sources of error arising from key decisions when conducting new product concept tests. My particular focus is on research design decisions including respondent selection (younger vs. older), information type (attribute vs. benefit) and presentation format (verbal vs. visual) and how their decisions influence respondents’ evaluations of new product concepts during concept tests. Importantly, I draw on construal level theory (CLT) to demonstrate that decisions in these three areas influence respondents’ reactions to new product concepts in an interactive rather than independent manner.
A key implication is that design decisions in concept testing lead to acceptance and rejection of product concepts independent of the inherent characteristics of the concepts themselves. Therefore, this research identifies potential sources of error not yet identified in the marketing literature. Furthermore, I provide prescriptions for overcoming the identified limitations. For example, I draw on CLT to explain challenges older respondents face when evaluating “attribute only” concept statements. The findings in this research suggest thst when product managers conduct “attribute only” product concept tests with older adults, they should consider the inclusion of design factors such as images and instructions that promote a more concrete processing style.
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Seaton, Gina. "MANAGING DIFFICULT CUSTOMER INTERACTIONS: THE EFFECTS OF ACTIVATED SELF-CONSTRUAL ON EMOTION REGULATION." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1523220168908689.
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Her, Pa. "Parental Emotion Socialization of Seventh and Eighth Graders: Gender Differences in Independent and Interdependent Self-Construals." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/28506.
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The primary goal of the present study was to assess linkages between parentsâ beliefs about childrenâ s emotions, parent-child discourse, and childrenâ s independent and interdependent self-construals with sixty 7th and 8th grade children. Children were interviewed with the Self-Guide Questionnaire (Higgins, Klein, & Strauman, 1985) and completed an independent and interdependent reaction time measure (Watson & Quatman, 2005). Childrenâ s self-guide responses were coded for independent and interdependent traits and behaviors. Parents completed the Parentsâ Beliefs about Childrenâ s Emotions Questionnaire (Halberstadt et al., 2008) to assess their beliefs about the danger of emotions and parentsâ and childrenâ s roles in emotion socialization. Parentsâ elaborative reminiscing style and both parent and child emotion labeling were measured through a cooperative game designed to elicit emotion-related discourse. Results showed that girls responded faster to interdependent traits and included more interdependent and connected self attributes than did boys, whereas boys included more independent and unique self attributes than did girls. Parents who believe children can guide their own emotion socialization elaborated less about their childrenâ s independent and interdependent memories. Their children who responded more slowly to both independent and interdependent traits, with a stronger effect for independent compared with interdependent traits. The interaction between parentsâ beliefs about the danger of emotions and about their guidance of their childâ s emotions was related to girlsâ , but not boysâ , balance of independent and interdependent traits in their self-construal. Results have implications for identifying beneficial developmental trajectories of positive adjustment and mental health.Ph. D.
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Shoda, Tonya M. "Interpersonal Sensitivity and Self-construals: Who's Better at Thin-Slicing and When?" Miami University / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1305132064.
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Ferenczi, Nelli. "The antecedents and psychological outcomes of perceived rejection from one's heritage culture." Thesis, Brunel University, 2015. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/11309.
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What factors predict whether we perceive rejection from our heritage culture? Few studies have examined the antecedents and outcomes of intragroup marginalisation – perceived rejection due to not conforming to the expectations of one’s heritage culture – in spite of its implications for the psychological functioning of bicultural individuals. The broad aims of this thesis are twofold: to provide a holistic insight into the predictors of intragroup marginalisation and, in turn, to investigate its impact on psychological adjustment and functioning. The General Introduction reviews existing acculturation and marginalisation research and situates intragroup marginalisation within the Social Identity Theory framework. It is noted that previous research on the marginalised experiences of bicultural individuals has centred on either their choice of dis-identifying with their heritage culture, or being prevented from identifying with the heritage culture by the mainstream culture. The role of the heritage culture in-group in rejecting non-conforming members has largely been neglected. The predictors of this perceived rejection from one’s heritage culture were chosen because of their importance in shaping interpersonal interactions and goals: attachment orientations, selfconstrual, and conservation values. In addition, perceived cultural distance between the heritage and mainstream cultures was included as a factor which may heighten the tension between one’s cultural identities. To provide broad insight into the detrimental impact of intragroup marginalisation, outcome variables were chosen that represent general psychological functioning: psychological adjustment (conceptualised as acculturative stress, subjective well-being, and flourishing), an integrated bicultural identity, and extreme progroup behaviour. Study 1 found that anxious and avoidant attachment orientations were associated with greater intragroup marginalisation and, in turn, with lower psychological adjustment. Study 2 experimentally primed attachment representations; results further supported the link between chronic attachment orientations and decreased intragroup marginalisation. Study 3 further supported the link between attachment avoidance and anxiety and increased intragroup marginalisation. Furthermore, support was found for the indirect effects of avoidant attachment through intragroup marginalisation on greater endorsement of extreme pro-group behaviours. Study 4 increased the cognitive accessibility of independent and interdependent self-construals through a priming manipulation. Primed interdependent self-construal exerted a protective effect against the link between intragroup marginalisation and poor psychological adjustment and a conflicted bicultural identity, whilst primed independent self-construal was linked with increased intragroup marginalisation, and, in turn, decreased psychological adjustment. Study 5 indicated that valuing security and perceiving cultural distance decreased intragroup marginalisation, whilst valuing tradition marginally increased perceptions of intragroup marginalisation. Study 6 examined intragroup marginalisation experiences longitudinally. Results indicated that an increase in intragroup marginalisation from Time 1 to Time 2 was associated with an increase in acculturative stress. The General Discussion reviews the general findings, discusses implications for bicultural individuals, and sets further directions for research.
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Lee, Yun K. "Unveiling the underlying mechanism for the matching effect between construal level and message frames: how and why do matches between gain versus loss frames and construal level enhance persuasion?" Diss., University of Iowa, 2012. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/3332.
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The current research investigates how and why consumers' construal levels and the appeals framed either by gains or losses jointly influence persuasion. The findings across four experiments indicate that matching high-level construals with gain frames and low-level construals with loss frames leads to a) higher intentions to engage in cholesterol lowering behavior (experiment 1), b) more favorable brand attitudes (experiment 2), c) greater willingness to donate to an environmental organization (experiment 3), and d) higher buying intentions for a brand (experiment 4). It seems that these outcomes occur because matches between construal level and message frames encourage people to pay attention to the information they evaluate (experiments 1 ˜4), and this enhanced attention induces greater perceptions of processing fluency, which in turn leads to positive attitudes (experiments 2˜4). Further, this research demonstrates that an adequate amount of cognitive resources is required for this matching effect to occur (experiment 4). The current research contributes to the construal level, message framing, and matching literatures by unveiling the specific mechanism underlying the matching relationship between construal level and gain versus loss frames on persuasion and by identifying a boundary condition for it. This research also has managerial implications for marketing managers and policymakers in that it suggests a strategic way to use construal level and message frames to enhance marketing communication and advertising effectiveness.
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Cheng, Wing-yi Rebecca. "Effects of social goals on student achievement motivation the role of self-construal /." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2005. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B33709245.
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Mealier, Anne-Laure. "Comment le langage impose-t-il la structure du sens : construal et narration." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE1333.
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Cette thèse a été effectuée dans le cadre du projet européen WYSIWYD (What You Say is What You Did). Ce projet a pour but de rendre, plus naturelles, les interactions Humain-robot, notamment par le biais du langage. Le déploiement de robots compagnon et de robots de service requière que les humains et les robots puissent se comprendre mutuellement et communiquer. Les humains ont développé une codification avancée de leur comportement qui fournit la base de la transparence de la plupart de leurs actions et de leur communication. Jusqu'à présent, les robots ne partagent pas ce code de comportement et ne sont donc pas capables d'expliquer leurs propres actions aux humains. Nous savons que dans le langage parlé, il existe un lien direct entre le langage et le sens permettant à une personne qui écoute d'orienter son attention sur un aspect précis d'un événement. Ceci est particulièrement vrai en production de langage. On sait que la perception visuelle permet l'extraction des aspects de «qui a fait quoi à qui» dans la compréhension des événements sociaux. Mais dans le cadre d'interactions humaines, il existe d'autres aspects importants qui ne peuvent être déterminés uniquement à partir de l'image visuelle. L'échange d'un objet peut être interprété suivant différents points de vue, par exemple du point de vue du donateur ou de celui du preneur. Nous introduisons ainsi la notion de construal. Le construal est la manière dont une personne interprète le monde ou comprend une situation particulière. De plus, les événements sont reliés dans le temps, mais il y a des liens de causalité ainsi que des liens intentionnels qui ne peuvent pas être vus d'un point de vue uniquement visuel. Un agent exécute une action, car il sait que cette action satisfait le désir d'un autre agent. Cela peut ne pas être visible directement dans la scène visuelle. Le langage permet ainsi de préciser cette particularité : "Il vous a donné le livre parce que vous le vouliez". La première problématique que nous mettons en évidence dans ce travail est la manière dont le langage peut être utilisé pour représenter ces construals. Autrement dit, la manière dont un orateur choisit une construction grammaticale plutôt qu'une autre en fonction de son centre d'intérêt. Pour y répondre, nous avons développé un système dans lequel un modèle mental représente un événement d'action. Ce modèle est déterminé par la correspondance entre deux vecteurs abstraits : le vecteur de force exercée par l'action et le vecteur de résultat correspondant à l'effet de la force exercée. La deuxième problématique que nous étudions est comment des constructions de discours narratif peuvent être apprises grâce à un modèle de discours narratifs. Ce modèle se base sur des réseaux neuronaux de production et de compréhension de phrases existants que nous enrichissons avec des structures additionnelles permettant de représenter un contexte de discours. Nous présentons également la manière dont ce modèle peut s'intégrer dans un système cognitif global permettant de comprendre et de générer de nouvelles constructions de discours narratifs ayant une structure similaire, mais des arguments différents. Pour chacun des travaux cités précédemment, nous montrons comment ces modèles théoriques sont intégrés dans la plateforme de développement du robot humanoïde iCub. Cette thèse étudiera donc principalement deux mécanismes qui permettent d'enrichir le sens des évènements par le langage. Le travail se situe entre les neurosciences computationnelles, l'élaboration de modèles de réseaux neuronaux de compréhension et de production de discours narratifs, et la linguistique cognitive où comprendre et expliquer un sens en fonction de l'attention est crucialThis thesis takes place in the context of the European project WYSIWYD (What You Say is What You Did). The goal of this project is to provide transparency in Human-robot interactions, including by mean of language. The deployment of companion and service robots requires that humans and robots can understand each other and communicate. Humans have developed an advanced coding of their behavior that provides the basis of transparency of most of their actions and their communication. Until now, the robots do not share this code of behavior and are not able to explain their own actions to humans. We know that in spoken language, there is a direct mapping between languages and meaning allowing a listener to focus attention on a specific aspect of an event. This is particularly true in language production. Moreover, visual perception allows the extraction of the aspects of "who did what to whom" in the understanding of social events. However, in the context of human interaction, other important aspects cannot be determined only from the visual image. The exchange of an object can be interpreted from the perspective of the giver or taker. This introduces the notion of construal that is how a person interprets the world and perceive a particular situation. The events are related in time, but there are causal and intentional connexion that cannot be seen only from a visual standpoint. An agent performs an action because he knows that this action satisfies the need for another person. This may not be directly visible in the visual scene. The language allows specifying this characteristic: "He gave you the book because you like it." The first point that we demonstrate in this work is how the language can be used to represent these construals. In response, we have developed a system in which a mental model represents an action event. This model is determined by the correspondence between two abstract vectors: the force vector exerted by the action and the result vector corresponding to the effect of the applied force. The application of an attentional process selects one of the two vectors, thus generating the construal of the event. The second point that we consider in this work is how the construction of narrative discourse can be learned with a narrative discourse model. This model is based on both existing neural networks of production and comprehension of sentences that we enrich with additional structures to represent a context of discourse. We present also how this model can be integrated into an overall cognitive system for understanding and generate new constructions of narrative discourse based on similar structure, but different arguments. For each of the works mentioned above, we show how these theoretical models are integrated into the development platform of the iCub humanoid robot. This thesis will explore two main mechanisms to enrich the meaning of events through language. The work is situated between computational neuroscience, with development of neural network models of comprehension and production of narrative discourse, and cognitive linguistics where to understand and explain the meaning according to joint attention is crucial
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Thompson, Debora Viana. "Influencing consumers' preferences the effects of mental construal and mode of information processing /." College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/3384.
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Thesis (Ph. D.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2006.Thesis research directed by: Business and Management. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
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Cheng, Wing-yi Rebecca, and 鄭穎怡. "Effects of social goals on student achievement motivation: the role of self-construal." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2005. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B33709245.
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Md-Ali, Ruzlan. "Teachers' indication and pupils' construal and knowledge of fractions : the case of Malaysia." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.429716.
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Yu, Alexander Brian. "The Role of Cultural Self-Construal and Autonomy on Athlete Preference for Intervention." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2017. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1011792/.
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Self-construal (SC) refers to the way people perceive their identities in relation to self and others (Markus & Kitayama, 1991b). It has been found in the literature to influence thinking, decision-making, and preferences (e.g., Sung, Choi, & Tinkham, 2012) which suggests that a person's SC may affect her/his preference on psychological interventions. However, no empirical studies can be located that examined this relationship. The study examined the effects of independent SC, interdependent SC, general autonomy (GA), and sport autonomy (SA) on athletes' preferences and desire to use the interventions in the future, especially how these relations might vary as a function of the type of intervention. It was hypothesized that the relationship between each of the predictors and preference for and desire to use intervention would be moderated by the type of intervention received. Four hundred and thirty-one current and former athletes were recruited to participate in this study. Participants completed a questionnaire that measured SC, GA, and SA and were then randomly assigned to receive one of two self-talk interventions, representing either a self- or other-focused intervention. Participants were asked to rate their preference for and desire to use the given intervention in the future. Results found positive significant relationships with all predictors and intervention preference, in both self- and other-focused groups. Initial hierarchical multiple and logistic regression analyses did not support a significant moderation effect of intervention type on the relationships between the independent and dependent variables. However, a post-hoc analysis that conducted a hierarchical multiple regression with participants separated by gender found a significant moderation effect of intervention type on the relationship between independent SC and preference for intervention for females only. Additional post-hoc analyses were conducted to replicate Sung et al.'s (2012) analysis procedures in which the SC continuous variables were transformed into categorical ones, and a 2x2 ANOVA and Pearson chi-square analyses were conducted. Post-hoc analyses revealed significant interaction effects of intervention type and participants' dominant self-construal type on their desire to use intervention. Limitations, implications for counseling/consulting, and future research directions are discussed.
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Wu, Yu-ping, and 吳玉屏. "Influences of Self Construal, Construal Level and Message Framing in Charitable Advertising." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/77238823646283637577.
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碩士國立中山大學
企業管理學系研究所
101
In daily life, ads sponsored by of different charity campaigns can be seen everywhere. Charitable promotion includes purchase-receipt donation, monetary donation, volunteering and material donation. More and more charity organizations make good use of advertising to arouse consumer attitudes and behavioral intentions. Previous research focuses on the motivation of helping behavior and gender difference in charity advertising. This research examines the different self-construals and considers two moderators related to advertising presentation: construal level and message framing. The present study uses experimental design to investigate the advertising effects of people’s self-construal (independent vs. interdependent), construal level (high vs. low), and message framing (gain vs. loss). Thus, 2×2×2 factorial design is conducted. The ad effects are measured by attitudes toward the charity and intentions to donate to observe the response under eight different and fictitious scenarios. The results indicate that, participants who are primed as interdependent self-construal are more likely to be influenced by a charity ad than those primed as independent self-construal. When participants are primed to be self-independent, a gain-framed message is more effective than a loss-framed one. When considering both construal level and message framing, we find that when consumers are primed as interdependent self-construal, a loss-framed message along with low construal level is more likely to enhance participants’ behavior intention than that along with high construal level. According to these findings, this study suggests that marketer should consider not only the consumer self-construal but also construal level and message framing in order to enhance advertising persuasion.
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Wang, Szu-ting, and 王思婷. "Effects of Counteractive Construal in Consumer Goal Pursuit– with Social Comparison and Self-Construal as Moderators." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/06096772045814180251.
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碩士大同大學
事業經營學系(所)
101
Consumers often face temptations in the pursuit of important long-term goals. For example, an aspiring student may be distracted by attending an extracurricular activity. Because the pursuit of such temptations potentially undermines the attainment of the goal, the presence of both the goal and the temptation constitutes a self-control conflict. This study hopes to understand the impacts of learning goal and self-control on participating intention. Besides, this research joins the social comparison as moderator in study 1, and joins the self-construal as moderator in study 2. Study 1 uses 2 (learning goals: high/low) *2 (self-control conflict: conflict/no conflict) *2 (social comparison: upward/downward) three-factor design, where self-control conflict was manipulated as a between-subject factor and the strength of the academic goal was measured as an individual difference factor. Study 1 uses 2 (learning goals: high/low) *2 (self-control conflict: conflict/no conflict) *2 (self-construal: independent/ interdependent) three-factor design, where self-control conflict was manipulated as a between-subject factor and the strength of the academic goal was measured as an individual difference factor. Via the result after analyzing, this research receives the following result: 1.We found participants with a strong learning goal expected intention of participation a concert lower than they had a weak learning goal. 2.We found participants with a self-control conflict expected intention of participation a concert lower than they did not have self-control conflict. 3.When participants with a strong learning goal, upward comparison had lower participating intention than downward comparison. In contrast, participants with a weak learning goal, downward comparison versus upward comparison on participating intention had no significant difference. 4.When participants with a strong learning goal, independent would have lower intention of participation a concert than interdependent. In contrast, participants with a weak learning goal, interdependent would have lower intention of participation a concert than independent. 5.When participants experienced self-control conflict, independent would have lower intention of participation a concert than interdependent. In contrast, when participants did not experience self-control conflict, interdependent would have lower intention of participation a concert than independent.
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Kim, Dong Hoo. "Time will construe me : the fit effect of culture, temporal distance and construal level." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/25879.
Full textAbstract:
The present research examined how individuals’ cultural orientations influenced the relationship between their construal level and temporal distance. There were two studies in this research. Study 1 was composed of two parts. In the first part, the relationship between culture and construal level was examined through the Behavioral Identification Form (BIF). In the second part, the influence of culture on temporal distance and individuals’ construal level was investigated by analyzing participants’ descriptions of their lives. In study 2, the three-way interaction between culture, temporal distance, and the construal-level frame of persuasive messages (desirability vs. feasibility focused message) was investigated. A total of 200 students from two different countries (Korea and the U.S.) participated in the study. A fictitious brand and advertisement were created to examine the interaction. The findings revealed that individuals from an individualistic culture (U.S.) prefer abstract thinking to concrete thinking and focus more on the desirability than the feasibility of an event or object. And the reverse was true for individuals from a collectivistic culture (Korea). When individuals are in a proximal temporal condition, those from a collectivistic culture have a more proximal temporal perspective, and they are more likely to represent the future event in low-level terms. In contrast, individuals from an individualistic culture have a more distal temporal perspective and tend to represent the future event in high-level terms. Consistent results were found in an advertising context. When individuals from a collectivistic culture were in a proximal temporal condition, they tended to show a more favorable attitude toward the advertisement emphasizing the feasibility features of the product. The reverse was true for individuals from an individualistic culture.text