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Academic literature on the topic 'Constraint translation'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 20 April 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Constraint translation"

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Clarke, Chris. "The strain of constraint." Francosphères: Volume 10, Issue 2 10, no. 2 (December 1, 2021): 265–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/franc.2021.18.

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This article seeks to define and illustrate the notion of ‘constraint’ as it applies to literary translation. After a brief discussion of various ways in which the concept of constraint intersects with literary translation, the focus turns to the notion of ‘elasticity’, which describes tensions exerted upon the translator by factors particular to a given translation project, whether these are stylistic, formal, lexical, or intentional literary constraints. This tension forces the translator to work ‘otherwise’ and dictates to a certain extent where the translator must situate him or herself along a continuum of ‘faithfulness’ that ranges from material form to semantic meaning. Four examples are taken from the author’s own work as a literary translator, drawing on translations of ‘constrained’ texts of progressive difficulty by Marcel Schwob, Raymond Queneau, Olivier Salon, and J.-A. Soubira. Finally, this illustration of varying textual elasticity and constraint is examined from a sociological angle, which seeks to explore practical constraints of literary translation in today’s American literary marketplace.

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Rędzioch-Korkuz, Anna. "Translating in a constrained environment." Babel. Revue internationale de la traduction / International Journal of Translation 67, no. 6 (December 8, 2021): 707–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/babel.00244.red.

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Abstract Translating children’s literature has been an object of interest researched from a number of vantage points, including the question of constraining factors. Scholars have highlighted mainly the question of dual readership or cultural adaptation, frequently without a global and systemic analysis of all impediments. This article examines the Polish translation of the German book for children, Katharina von der Gathen’s Klär mich auf, from a constraint-based framework. This article focuses on the reconstruction of the constraints in the translation process: the point of departure is the framework with three basic factors that constrain translation, i.e., the intention of the author/translator, text type, and the profile of the audience. The presented argumentation incorporates other formal impediments, such as the visual layer of the book and the semiotic make-up of the source text, language taboo and censorship or the literary polysystems. The analysis of the constraint framework helps to comprehend the translation in terms of the ST-TT relationship regarding their intended audiences, genre-related features, and the child-adult duality.

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Weber, Elodie. "Traduire l’« agrammaticalité » durassienne : liberté ou contrainte ?" Translationes 9, no. 1 (June 1, 2017): 83–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/tran-2017-0005.

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AbstractThis paper explores the constraints language deconstruction and ungrammaticality in Margerite Duras’s novels impose on the translation process. Given its “value” in Duras’s work, ungrammaticality seems to dictate the translator’s choice of literal translation to English or Spanish, except when the differences between language systems do not allow for literal translation and require creative ways to capture the source text and its effects. However, a review of several published English and Spanish translations of Duras’s novels has revealed that a more powerful constraint is imposed on translation and conflicts with the above-mentioned mechanism. This fundamental constraint is the acceptability of the proposed translation by the target culture.

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Briggs, Kate. "Translation and the Lipogram." Paragraph 29, no. 3 (November 2006): 43–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/prg.2007.0002.

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This article argues for a definition of translation as a form of writing under constraint. Quite straightforwardly, the translator must write the original text again in a language other than the one in which it was originally composed. Both inhibiting and enabling, that restriction is also translation's resource, ensuring its distinctiveness as a writing practice and providing the key to its unique transformative possibilities. Like lipogrammatical writing, translation is inaugurated by its constraint. The article explores the affinity between translation and the lipogram with reference to Georges Perec's La Disparition, where the prohibition of the letter e initiates a peculiarly inventive kind of writing. Peculiarly inventive, because the effects generated by writing without a given letter of the alphabet, or by writing a given text again in another, altogether different, language, are essentially unprogrammable: we do not know what is going to happen.

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Greenall, Annjo Klungervik. "Translating Breaches of Intersubjective Constraints on Interaction: the Case of Swearing in Roddy Doyle’s Novel The Commitments." Meta 56, no. 3 (March 6, 2012): 538–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1008332ar.

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This article investigates the translation of breaches of Gricean maxims (and other constraints on interaction) in situations where the “same” maxim/constraint displays different normative strengths within two cultures. It is argued that if a breach of such constraints is transferred directly, the result will be a different degree of attention-getting effect and a possible change in the implicature in the target text. This point is illustrated by the analysis of the Norwegian translation of the Irish novel The Commitments. Here the translator perhaps unwittingly ignores the fact that the “swearing constraint” is stronger in Norwegian than in Irish English. Many of the breaches are transferred more or less directly, which means that the translation contains a number of potential shifts: the potential attention-getting effect is far stronger, and the (social) implicature is most likely skewed, at least for a generalized segment of the audience.

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Rădulescu, Valentina. "Contrainte et réécriture-création dans la traduction des Exercices de style de Raymond Queneau." Translationes 9, no. 1 (June 1, 2017): 40–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/tran-2017-0002.

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Abstract Our study presents a comparative analysis of selected texts from several translations of Queneau’s Exercices de style: the Romanian version (a collective work coordinated by Romulus Bucur), the English version (Barbara Wright) and the Italian one (Umberto Eco) that illustrate the variable degrees of difficulties in translating. The analysis is meant to confirm our research hypothesis: though disruptive and often hardly surmountable, translation constraint does not stifle translator’s creativity or his fidelity toward the original style; on the contrary, it stimulates the translational process and fosters the rewriting-creation.

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Zhou, Ding, Zhenhua Yu, Yanquan Zhang, and Shunli Li. "Translational and rotational motion planning for spacecraft close proximity using sampling-based methods." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part G: Journal of Aerospace Engineering 233, no. 10 (October 9, 2018): 3680–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954410018803986.

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For autonomous spacecraft close proximity under environments containing multiple obstacles and complicated constraints, incrementally rapid planning approaches stemming from sampling-based methods are investigated in this paper. Exploring planners are separately developed for the impulsive maneuvered translation and the piecewise constant controlled rotation, which, however, is constrained by the pointing limits coupling with relative positions during the proximity. Using a cost-informed parent-connecting strategy originating from dynamic programming as well as a sweeping growth fashion balanced between tree-based and graph-based methods, an asymptotically optimal unidirectional exploration method is proposed to search energy-efficient translational trajectory without collision. As for the rotation planning, the pointing constraints are taken as virtual obstacles in the state-space augmented with time horizon planned by the translation and, accordingly, a bidirectional exploration method is developed to generate constraint-satisfied slew paths with fast convergence rate. Numerical experiments indicate that the proposed sampling-based methods can rapidly return asymptotic optimal translation trajectory and rotation path satisfying collision avoidance and sensor field-of-view constraints.

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A. AlBzour, Baseel. "Optimal Constraints on Arabic-English Translation: a Case Study of Translating Surat AlFatiHa ‘The Opening’." International Journal of Applied Linguistics and English Literature 10, no. 6 (November 30, 2021): 68. http://dx.doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijalel.v.10n.6p.68.

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To add a useful brick to the huge mansion of translation theory in its modern scientific sense, this paper intrinsically endeavors to reduce the wide hiatus between the premises of conventional translation studies and modern linguistic theories in general and Optimality Theory (OT) in particular, in a very earnest hope that translation methods and techniques can find a solid and robust systematic ground that may enable professional translators and institutionalized translation agencies to conduct their translation quality assessment more accurately. Drawing on the assumptions and the mechanism of linguistically-channeled theory of Optimality in phonology, syntax and semantics, this researcher, therefore, banks on setting and implementing major OT constraints that specify the range of choices translators may opt for while oscillating between the clashing Faithfulness and Markedness principles in their vehement quest to achieve optimally the least detrimental effects to the source text and to the target text, instead of looking for the myth of closest equivalence, while translating Arabic texts into English and vice versa. Four different translations have been examined and optimally evaluated. The study shows how any choice that translators make must, therefore, be deliberately rationalized and precisely prioritized over other possible choices and candidates in light of universal violable constraints. Therefore, translation studies should be descriptively constraint-oriented and motivated instead of being prescriptively rule-controlled.

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Gan, Yan, Junxin Gong, Mao Ye, Yang Qian, Kedi Liu, and Su Zhang. "GANs with Multiple Constraints for Image Translation." Complexity 2018 (December 9, 2018): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/4613935.

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Unpaired image translation is a challenging problem in computer vision, while existing generative adversarial networks (GANs) models mainly use the adversarial loss and other constraints to model. But the degree of constraint imposed on the generator and the discriminator is not enough, which results in bad image quality. In addition, we find that the current GANs-based models have not yet been implemented by adding an auxiliary domain, which is used to constrain the generator. To solve the problem mentioned above, we propose a multiscale and multilevel GANs (MMGANs) model for image translation. In this model, we add an auxiliary domain to constrain generator, which combines this auxiliary domain with the original domains for modelling and helps generator learn the detailed content of the image. Then we use multiscale and multilevel feature matching to constrain the discriminator. The purpose is to make the training process as stable as possible. Finally, we conduct experiments on six image translation tasks. The results verify the validity of the proposed model.

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Atkins, Tim. "Seven Types of Translation: Translation Tables." English: Journal of the English Association 69, no. 267 (December 1, 2020): 379–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/english/efaa029.

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Abstract This article and accompanying table provide an overview and catalogue of a large number of experimental translation methods that have been used by avantgarde poets. Poetic/experimental translation as defined and explored herein is a form of translation in which the aesthetic and execution of the translator is as important as that of the perceived intention of the original writer. The article’s seven-section table gives a definition of each method, and gives examples and expositions of a range of particular poets' work. The table of translation methods recognizes and explores the fact that of all forms of writing, poetry concerns itself with the ‘how it is said’ more than any other. The table outlines many different methods of translation, looking at how meaning, rhyme, sound, form, constraint, or style can be translated by the experimental writer when translating one or more source texts. These individual, intellectual, and aesthetic choices made by a wide range of poets are collated and detailed in seven discrete-yet-overlapping areas.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Constraint translation"

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Pippin, William E. Jr. "Optimizing Threads of Computation in Constraint Logic Programs." The Ohio State University, 2003. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1041551800.

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Pérution-Kihli, Guillaume. "Data Management in the Existential Rule Framework : Translation of Queries and Constraints." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Montpellier (2022-....), 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023UMONS030.

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Le contexte général de ce travail est la problématique de la conception de systèmes de haute qualité intégrant plusieurs sources de données via une couche sémantique codée dans un langage de représentation et de raisonnement sur les connaissances. Nous considérons les systèmes de gestion de données basés sur des connaissances (KBDM), qui sont structurés en trois couches : la couche de données, qui comprend les sources de données, la couche de connaissances (ou ontologique), et les mappings entre les deux. Les mappings et les connaissances sont exprimés dans le cadre des règles existentielles. Une des difficultés intrinsèques à la conception d'un système KBDM est la nécessité de comprendre le contenu des sources de données. Les sources de données sont souvent fournies avec des requêtes et des contraintes typiques, à partir desquelles on peut tirer des informations précieuses sur leur sémantique, tant que cette information est rendue intelligible aux concepteurs du système KBDM. Cela nous amène à notre question centrale : est-il possible de traduire les requêtes et les contraintes des données au niveau de la connaissance tout en préservant leur sémantique ? Les principales contributions de cette thèse sont les suivantes. Nous étendons les travaux antérieurs sur la traduction de requêtes sur les données vers l'ontologie avec de nouvelles techniques pour le calcul de traductions de requêtes parfaites, minimalement complètes ou maximalement adéquates. En ce qui concerne la traduction des contraintes sur les données vers l'ontologie, nous définissons un cadre général et l'appliquons à plusieurs classes de contraintes. Enfin, nous fournissons un opérateur de réécriture de requêtes adéquat et complet pour les règles existentielles disjonctives et les mappings disjonctifs, ainsi que des résultats d'indécidabilité, qui sont d'un intérêt indépendant
The general context of this work is the issue of designing high-quality systems that integrate multiple data sources via a semantic layer encoded in a knowledge representation and reasoning language. We consider knowledge-based data management (KBDM) systems, which are structured in three layers: the data layer, which comprises the data sources, the knowledge (or ontological) layer, and the mappings between the two. Mappings and knowledge are expressed within the existential rule framework. One of the intrinsic difficulties in designing a KBDM is the need to understand the content of data sources. Data sources are often provided with typical queries and constraints, from which valuable information about their semantics can be drawn, as long as this information is made intelligible to KBDM designers. This motivates our core question: is it possible to translate data queries and constraints at the knowledge level while preserving their semantics?The main contributions of this thesis are the following. We extend previous work on data-to-ontology query translation with new techniques for the computation of perfect, minimally complete, or maximally sound query translations. Concerning data-to-ontology constraint translation, we define a general framework and apply it to several classes of constraints. Finally, we provide a sound and complete query rewriting operator for disjunctive existential rules and disjunctive mappings, as well as undecidability results, which are of independent interest

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Williams, Philip James. "Unification-based constraints for statistical machine translation." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/9971.

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Morphology and syntax have both received attention in statistical machine translation research, but they are usually treated independently and the historical emphasis on translation into English has meant that many morphosyntactic issues remain under-researched. Languages with richer morphologies pose additional problems and conventional approaches tend to perform poorly when either source or target language has rich morphology. In both computational and theoretical linguistics, feature structures together with the associated operation of unification have proven a powerful tool for modelling many morphosyntactic aspects of natural language. In this thesis, we propose a framework that extends a state-of-the-art syntax-based model with a feature structure lexicon and unification-based constraints on the target-side of the synchronous grammar. Whilst our framework is language-independent, we focus on problems in the translation of English to German, a language pair that has a high degree of syntactic reordering and rich target-side morphology. We first apply our approach to modelling agreement and case government phenomena. We use the lexicon to link surface form words with grammatical feature values, such as case, gender, and number, and we use constraints to enforce feature value identity for the words in agreement and government relations. We demonstrate improvements in translation quality of up to 0.5 BLEU over a strong baseline model. We then examine verbal complex production, another aspect of translation that requires the coordination of linguistic features over multiple words, often with long-range discontinuities. We develop a feature structure representation of verbal complex types, using constraint failure as an indicator of translation error and use this to automatically identify and quantify errors that occur in our baseline system. A manual analysis and classification of errors informs an extended version of the model that incorporates information derived from a parse of the source. We identify clause spans and use model features to encourage the generation of complete verbal complex types. We are able to improve accuracy as measured using precision and recall against values extracted from the reference test sets. Our framework allows for the incorporation of rich linguistic information and we present sketches of further applications that could be explored in future work.

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Kourouni, Kyriaki. "Translating under time constraints in an undergraduate context: a study of students' products, processes and learning styles." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/84035.

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El presente estudio analiza de forma empírica si los estilos de aprendizaje se correlacionan significativamente con la calidad de traducción, cuando la tarea de traducción se desarrolla bajo restricciones de tiempo cada vez mayores. Además, el estudio vincula la práctica pedagógica con la realidad profesional, a la vez que potencia las sinergias entre dicha práctica pedagógica y la investigación empírica en el campo de la traducción. El estudio se construye gradualmente sobre el análisis de los patrones de rendimiento basado en el producto y los patrones de rendimiento basado en el proceso resultantes y luego destaca los vínculos pertinentes de la variable personal de estilos de aprendizaje. Todo ello sobre la base de los datos obtenidos sobre un total de 84 estudiantes universitarios de traducción de la Facultad de filología inglesa de la Universidad Aristóteles de Tesalónica en Grecia. Los resultados apuntan a un estilo de aprendizaje que se correlaciona significativamente con la calidad de la traducción cuando se trabaja con plazos de entrega relativamente más amplios y otro distinto cuando se aumentan las restricciones de tiempo. La evidencia empírica sugiere que los participantes experimentan un estado cognitivo de "shock" cuando sufren restricciones de tiempo cada vez mayores. Las conclusiones parecen indicar que es aconsejable favorecer un ambiente de aprendizaje que tenga en cuenta los diferentes estilos de aprendizaje de los estudiantes.
The present study examines empirically whether learning styles significantly correlate with translation quality when the translation task takes place under increasing time constraints. It strives to link pedagogical practice with professional reality, while promoting synergies between pedagogical practice and empirical translation research. The study gradually builds on the analysis of emerging product- and process-based performance patterns and then highlights pertinent links with the personal variable of learning styles, on the basis of data collected from a total of 84 undergraduates studying translation at the School of English, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece. Results point to a learning style that correlates significantly with translation quality when working under a relatively relaxed deadline, and to a different one when time constraints increase. Empirical evidence also suggests that participants undergo a state of cognitive “shock” when under increasing time constraints. The conclusions seem to indicate it is worthwhile favoring a learning environment which will take into account students’ different learning styles.

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Al-Shehari, Khalid S. "The semiotics and translation of advertising texts : conventions, constraints and translation strategies with particular reference to English and Arabic." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.488378.

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Bernabo, Laurena Elizabeth Nelson. "Translating identity: norms and industrial constraints in adapting Glee for Latin America." Diss., University of Iowa, 2017. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/5416.

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This project analyzes the Spanish dubbing of Glee for Latin American audiences in order to understand how identity—gender, sexuality, race, ethnicity, religion, and (dis)ability—is shaped by the adaptation process. I make two primary interventions within the field of global television studies. First, I expand adaptation analysis by adding industrial norms and production processes to the traditional theorizations of technical and cultural aspects; secondly, I use this web of elements as an interpretive lens for analyzing television translations, thus providing a model for making sense of how the adaptation process affects the representation of race, sexuality, and other forms of identity. Glee is translated for all of Latin America by the Mexico City company New Art Dub, and so I spent three weeks there doing field work. In addition to interviewing Glee’s Spanish-language script writer, director, actors, engineers, and technicians, and observing their work at every stage, I reviewed dubbed scripts and conducted textual analysis of the dubbed episodes. As this project demonstrates, the translation process negotiates complex international forces along with numerous industrial, technical, and cultural constraints as it shapes representations of and discourses about sexual, gender, racial, and ethnic identities. This research demonstrates that between imperialism and indigenization is an entire adaptation industry which simultaneously exaggerates and downplays cross-cultural similarities and differences.

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Yahiaoui, Rashid. "Ideological and cultural constraints in audiovisual translation : dubbing The Simpsons into Arabic : an approach to raise awareness and understanding of practitoners involved in the dubbing and subtitling industries." Thesis, London Metropolitan University, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.629420.

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Although Audiovisual Translation has received considerable attention in recent years, evidence suggests that there is a paucity of empirical research carried out on the topic of ideological and cultural constraints in audiovisual translation from English into Arabic. This is despite the fact that subtitling and dubbing Western animation into Arabic has been on the increase ever since television sets entered Arab homes; which is why several authority figures are calling for tighter control and moral screening of what is aired on television sets, in particular that which is aimed at children. This study aims to add some understanding of the problems facing practitioners in the dubbing/subtitling industry, such as the reasons for their alleged reality distortion and how these problems are dealt with by the dubbing agencies. This is achieved by exploring the extent ideological and cultural norms, as weB as other agents, shape the outcome of dubbed English animations/films when rendered into Arabic by manipulation, subversion and/or appropriation. Fifty-two dubbed episodes of The Simpsons were selected for this study. The Simpsons was chosen due to its universal appeal and influence. It addresses many sensitive issues, such as sex, drugs, religion, politics, racial and gender stereotypes, with a bluntness and boldness rarely seen before, and goes beyond passive entertainment and school education. Therefore, it is looked at with suspicion and vigilance in the Arab World. The methodological approach adopted for this study is primarily qualitative, which is proven to provide the kind of expert understanding this study aims to achieve, as Denzin and Lincoln (1994) attest. Because this research springs from the conviction that the issues involved constitute a complex phenomenon, and because the aim is to uncover what could be learnt about intrinsic and extrinsic conditions, it is important to adopt Toury's (1980, 1995) descriptive translation studies paradigm as well as critical discourse analysis strategy. This paradigm enables researchers to describe, explore, analyse, interpret views of the participants, and bring forth the representational properties of the screen discourse as a vehicle for ideological and cultural power transfer. The contrastive analysis of the English and Arabic versions of The Simpsons yielded interesting results; it established that the translation process is marred by many intrinsic and extrinsic factors, either exercised by the translator or imposed upon him. Ideological and socio-cultural factors are the chief culprits in the case of translating The Simpsons into Arabic.

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Monteiro, Marcela Rossi. "A tradução de marcadores culturais do filme O Auto da Compadecida nas legendas em inglês: uma proposta de análise." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8160/tde-16042018-111046/.

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A tradução para legendas compreende, além de fatores culturais e linguísticos, questões técnicas específicas, as quais exercem grande influência no momento de fazer as escolhas tradutórias. É frequente a sensação, para os conhecedores da língua fonte, de que a legenda não compreende tudo o que está sendo dito na tela. Entretanto, o conhecimento das restrições técnicas, bem como a análise de fatores extratextuais envolvidos no material, permitem ao espectador discernir as possíveis intenções do legendador. Nesta pesquisa, analisamos o script do filme O auto da Compadecida, de Guel Arraes (2000), a fim de identificarmos marcadores culturais e quais os tratamentos dispensados a eles nas traduções para as legendas disponíveis no DVD oficial do filme, a partir do conceito de modalidades tradutórias de Aubert (2006). Após o levantamento dos marcadores e as análises das traduções, observamos as relações estabelecidas entre a tradução textual, as restrições técnicas da legendagem e os elementos extratextuais presentes no filme, conforme Titford (1982), e o quanto essas relações favorecem a compreensão da natureza dos marcadores por parte dos espectadores estrangeiros. Como resultado, apresentamos quatro tipologias de legendas combinadas com as modalidades, com o propósito de favorecer futuros estudos que versarão sobre a tradução de marcadores culturais e tradução para legendagem.
Translation into subtitles includes, in addition to cultural and linguistic factors, specific technical concerns, which exert great influence in the moment of making translation choices. It is often felt by those who have a solid knowledge of the source language, that the subtitle does not consist of everything that is displayed on the screen. However, the knowledge of specific technical constraints, as well as the analysis of extratextual factors involved in the material, allow the viewer to discern the possible intentions of the subtitler. In this research, we analyzed the movie script of O auto da Compadecida (A dogs will) by Guel Arraes (2000) in order to identify cultural markers and what treatments were given to them in the official subtitles which are available in the DVD, based on the concept of translation modalities by Aubert (2006). After selecting the cultural markers and having analyzed the translations, we observed the relations established between the textual translation, the technical constraints and the extratextual elements present in the movie, according to Titford (1982), as well as how these relations allow the comprehension of the nature of the markers by the foreign viewers. As a result, we present four typologies of subtitles united with the modalities, with the purpose of providing support for future studies that deal with translation of cultural markers and translation for subtitling.

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Di, Pietro Magali. "Régulation des aquaporines et réponse des racines d'Arabidopsis thaliana à des stimuli abiotiques et nutritionnels." Thesis, Montpellier, SupAgro, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011NSAM0038/document.

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La conductivité hydraulique racinaire (Lpr) traduit la facilité du passage de l'eau au travers des racines. Ce paramètre, majoritairement contrôlé par l'activité de canaux hydriques membranaires (aquaporines), est modulable par diverses contraintes environnementales. Ce travail a permis de caractériser, sur un même organisme (Arabidopsis), les effets d'un ensemble de contraintes abiotiques et biotiques, représentatives de situations environnementales, sur la Lpr. Alors que la flagelline n'affecte pas la Lpr, les contraintes osmotiques (NaCl, mannitol), oxydantes (H2O2, NO) et nutritionnelles (carence en phosphate, en nitrate, culture des plantes en nuit prolongée) inhibent la Lpr. Par contre, la réalimentation en phosphate ainsi que l'addition de saccharose à des plantes cultivées en nuit prolongée stimulent la Lpr. Une approche phosphoprotéomique quantitative, basée sur l'analyse par MS de protéines microsomales racinaires purifiées à partir de plantes cultivées dans trois de ces contextes (NaCl, NO, phosphate) a permis de quantifier les variations d'abondance de l'ensemble des aquaporines racinaires ainsi que de leur état de MPT. D'un point de vue qualitatif, 22 aquaporines ont été identifiées dans la racine ainsi que plusieurs types de MPTs, incluant des nouveaux sites de phosphorylation (7), de méthylation (13 à 15), de formylation (4) et de déamidation (25 à 26). D'un point de vue quantitatif, cette étude a permis de conclure que les observations réalisées au niveau de la Lpr sont la résultante de mécanismes multifactoriels incluant l'état de phosphorylation des trois sites de l'extrémité C terminale de PIP2;1/2;2/2;3, l'état de phosphorylation de l'extrémité N terminale de PIP1;1/1;2, ainsi que les aquaporines TIPs. Ce travail permet donc de proposer de nouveaux mécanismes moléculaires impliqués dans la régulation de la Lpr en réponse à des contraintes de l'environnement
The water uptake capacity of plant roots (root hydraulic conductivity, Lpr) is mainly determined by water channels (aquaporins) and is modulated by environmental constraints. The present work characterised, in a unique organism (Arabidopsis), effects on Lpr of abiotic and biotic constraints representative of environmental situations. Whereas flagelline does not affect Lpr, osmotic (NaCl or mannitol), oxidative (H2O2 or NO) and nutritional (phosphate or nitrate starvation, prolonged night) stimuli inhibit Lpr. However, phosphate and sucrose resupply stimulate Lpr. A phosphoproteomics approach based on MS analysis of microsomal proteins extracted from roots of plants cultivated in different environmental constraints (NaCl, NO,phosphate starvation and resupply) allowed to quantify variations of abundance of roots aquaporins and of their PTMs. As a qualitative point of view, 22 aquaporins were identified in roots as well as several post-translational modifications including new sites of phosphorylation (7), methylation (13 to 15), formylation (4) and deamidation (25 to 26). From a quantitative point of view, the present work drove to the conclusion that the modulations of Lpr result from multifactorial mechanisms including the phosphorylation status of the C terminal part of PIP2;1/2;2/2;3 and of the N-terminal part of PIP1;1/1;2 and TIP aquaporins. This study proposes new molecular mechanisms implicated in Lpr regulation in response to various environmental situations

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邵毅. "重寫與節約 : 從女性主義角度論《傲慢與偏見》的中譯本 = Rewriting and constraints : a study of the Chinese translations of Pride and prejudice from a feminist perspective." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2007. http://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/855.

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Books on the topic "Constraint translation"

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The ways of translation: Constraints and liberties of translating Chinese. Venezia: Cafoscarina, 2013.

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Jean, Boase-Beier, and Holman Michael, eds. The practices of literary translation: Constraints and creativity. Manchester: St. Jerome, 1999.

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Bogucki, Łukasz. A relevance framework for constraints on cinema subtitling. Łodź: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego, 2004.

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Guttfeld, Dorota. English-Polish translations of science fiction and fantasy: Preferences and constraints in the rendering of cultural items. Toruń: Grado, 2008.

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Image, Isabella. Constraint (2): Thoughts and Passions. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198806646.003.0007.

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In common with others, Hilary sees passions or emotions as causing instability (mutabilitas), which prevents human action from being purely rational. In the Psalms commentaries (but not elsewhere) he suggests we cannot control our thoughts (cogitationes) which then might lead to destructive passions. This seems to be a translation of Origen’s (dia)logismoi, which in turn is related to a Stoic concept. The literature is assessed, concluding that the cogitationes should not be considered as Stoic pre-passions (propatheiai) but as impressions, an earlier step in the mental processes leading to action. Hilary is ambiguous on whether we are morally responsible for our thoughts, but certainly disagrees with the idea that a Christian should strive for apatheia or impassibility.

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Wilson, Rita, and Leah Gerber. Creative Constraints: Translation and Authorship. Monash University Publishing, 2018.

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Haan, Estelle. ‘Translated Verse’. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198754824.003.0005.

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This chapter discusses a cluster of English verse translations of Milton’s Poemata that emerged in the long eighteenth century. Focusing on versions by Symmons, Cowper, and, to a lesser degree, Strutt and others, it foregrounds a variety of contexts—biographical, literary, discursive—that engendered, it is argued, an intellectual discourse on translational methodology that is still relevant today. It is a discourse, moreover, that raises a host of important theoretical questions: about the nature and function of translation; the viability of rendering a neo-Latin source text in a target language; the potential ‘fetters’ that, in Drydenesque terms, might constrain ‘the Verbal Copyer’, or perhaps the quasi-liberating fluency, described by Venuti as the ‘fluent strategy’, attendant upon recourse to verse as translational medium.

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Munday, Jeremy, Stefanie Barschdorf, and Dora Renna. Translating Boundaries: Constraints, Limits, Opportunities. ibidem-Verlag, 2017.

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Boase-Beier, Jean, and Michael Holman. Practices of Literary Translation: Constraints and Creativity. Taylor & Francis Group, 2016.

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Boase-Beier, Jean, and Michael Holman. Practices of Literary Translation: Constraints and Creativity. Taylor & Francis Group, 2016.

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Book chapters on the topic "Constraint translation"

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Bick, Eckhard. "Constraint Grammar-Based Swedish-Danish Machine Translation." In Advances in Natural Language Processing, 216–27. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-10888-9_23.

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Wong, Fai, Dong-Cheng Hu, Yu-Hang Mao, Ming-Chui Dong, and Yi-Ping Li. "Machine Translation Based on Constraint-Based Synchronous Grammar." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 612–23. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/11562214_54.

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Kallel, Sahar, Bastien Tramoni, Chouki Tibermacine, Christophe Dony, and Ahmed Hadj Kacem. "Automatic Translation of Architecture Constraint Specifications into Components." In Software Architecture, 322–38. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-23727-5_27.

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Lester, Martin Mariusz. "CoPTIC: Constraint Programming Translated Into C." In Tools and Algorithms for the Construction and Analysis of Systems, 173–91. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-30820-8_13.

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AbstractConstraint programming systems allow a diverse range of problems to be modelled and solved. Most systems require the user to learn a new constraint programming language, which presents a barrier to novice and casual users. To address this problem, we present the CoPTIC constraint programming system, which allows the user to write a model in the well-known programming language C, augmented with a simple API to support using a guess-and-check paradigm. The resulting model is at most as complex as an ordinary C program that uses naive brute force to solve the same problem.CoPTIC uses the bounded model checker CBMC to translate the model into a SAT instance, which is solved using the SAT solver CaDiCaL. We show that, while this is less efficient than a direct translation from a dedicated constraint language into SAT, performance remains adequate for casual users. CoPTIC supports constraint satisfaction and optimisation problems, as well as enumeration of multiple solutions. After a solution has been found, CoPTIC allows the model to be run with the solution; this makes it easy to debug a model, or to print the solution in any desired format.

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Gall, Daniel, and Thom Frühwirth. "Translation of Cognitive Models from ACT-R to Constraint Handling Rules." In Rule Technologies. Research, Tools, and Applications, 223–37. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-42019-6_15.

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Denkers, Jasper, Marvin Brunner, Louis van Gool, and Eelco Visser. "Configuration Space Exploration for Digital Printing Systems." In Software Engineering and Formal Methods, 423–42. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-92124-8_24.

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AbstractWithin the printing industry, much of the variety in printed applications comes from the variety in finishing. Finishing comprises the processing of sheets of paper after being printed, e.g. to form books. The configuration space of finishers, i.e. all possible configurations given the available features and hardware capabilities, are large. Current control software minimally assists operators in finding useful configurations. Using a classical modelling and integration approach to support a variety of configuration spaces is suboptimal with respect to operatability, development time, and maintenance burden.In this paper, we explore the use of a modeling language for finishers to realize optimizing decision making over configuration parameters in a systematic way and to reduce development time by generating control software from models.We present CSX, a domain-specific language for high-level declarative specification of finishers that supports specification of the configuration parameters and the automated exploration of the configuration space of finishers. The language serves as an interface to constraint solving, i.e., we use low-level SMT constraint solving to find configurations for high-level specifications. We present a denotational semantics that expresses a translation of CSX specifications to SMT constraints. We describe the implementation of the CSX compiler and the CSX programming environment (IDE), which supports well-formedness checking, inhabitance checking, and interactive configuration space exploration. We evaluate CSX by modelling two realistic finishers. Benchmarks show that CSX has practical performance (<1s) for several scenarios of configuration space exploration.

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Devi, Maibam Indika, and Bipul Syam Purkayastha. "An Exploratory Study of SMT Versus NMT for the Resource Constraint English to Manipuri Translation." In IOT with Smart Systems, 329–38. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-3761-5_31.

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Pârlog, Aba-Carina. "The Constraints of Interlingual Translation." In Intersemiotic Translation, 53–63. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-16766-0_6.

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Manahan, Michael. "Beyond Constraints." In Translation Studies in the Philippines, 52–65. London: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003405603-5.

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Toole, Janine, Davide Turcato, Fred Popowich, Dan Fass, and Paul McFetridge. "Time-Constrained Machine Translation." In Machine Translation and the Information Soup, 103–12. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-49478-2_10.

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Conference papers on the topic "Constraint translation"

1

Chen, Guanhua, Yun Chen, Yong Wang, and Victor O. K. Li. "Lexical-Constraint-Aware Neural Machine Translation via Data Augmentation." In Twenty-Ninth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Seventeenth Pacific Rim International Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-PRICAI-20}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2020/496.

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Leveraging lexical constraint is extremely significant in domain-specific machine translation and interactive machine translation. Previous studies mainly focus on extending beam search algorithm or augmenting the training corpus by replacing source phrases with the corresponding target translation. These methods either suffer from the heavy computation cost during inference or depend on the quality of the bilingual dictionary pre-specified by user or constructed with statistical machine translation. In response to these problems, we present a conceptually simple and empirically effective data augmentation approach in lexical constrained neural machine translation. Specifically, we make constraint-aware training data by first randomly sampling the phrases of the reference as constraints, and then packing them together into the source sentence with a separation symbol. Extensive experiments on several language pairs demonstrate that our approach achieves superior translation results over the existing systems, improving translation of constrained sentences without hurting the unconstrained ones.

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Chang, Chen-Chuan K., and Hector Garcia-Molina. "Conjunctive constraint mapping for data translation." In the third ACM conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/276675.276681.

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Qin, Yun, and Jian S. Dai. "Four Motion Branches of an Origami Based Eight Bar Spatial Mechanism." In ASME 2013 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2013-12584.

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An eight bar spatial mechanism inspired from an origami paper fold by considering the carton panels as links and creases as revolute joints is proposed. The constraint deposition and motion characteristics analyses of the eight bar spatial mechanism show that the mechanism implements one screw motion and one pure translation. The configuration space of the mechanism comprises four subspaces. Through adding different geometrical constraints to the eight bar spatial mechanism, different motions of the end-effector are limited leading to three 2-DOF and one 1-DOF motion branches. Additional geometrical constrained conditions in four motion branches with aimed motions of double translations, single translation and two single screw motions are revealed. In the first two motion branches, the eight bar spatial mechanism remains the constant relative orientations of joint-axes. However, the joint-axes of the eight bar spatial mechanism change their orientations in the last two motion branches. Kinematic analyses are discussed in four motion branches, respectively.

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Zeng, Weiyuan, and Cong Liu. "Improving Lexical-Constraint-Aware Machine Translation by Factoring Encoders." In 2021 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ijcnn52387.2021.9533673.

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Wu, Kui, Xuancong Wang, and AiTi Aw. "Bilingual word embedding with sentence similarity constraint for machine translation." In 2017 International Conference on Asian Language Processing (IALP). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ialp.2017.8300560.

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Cai, Cheng, Qirun Zhang, Zhiqiang Zuo, Khanh Nguyen, Guoqing Xu, and Zhendong Su. "Calling-to-reference context translation via constraint-guided CFL-reachability." In PLDI '18: ACM SIGPLAN Conference on Programming Language Design and Implementation. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3192366.3192378.

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Shu, Raphael, and Hideki Nakayama. "Improving Beam Search by Removing Monotonic Constraint for Neural Machine Translation." In Proceedings of the 56th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers). Stroudsburg, PA, USA: Association for Computational Linguistics, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18653/v1/p18-2054.

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Gan, Yan, Mao Ye, Guanyu Xing, and Fanyu Zeng. "A new keyframe decision mechanism with translation constraint for visual slam." In 2017 14th International Computer Conference on Wavelet Active Media Technology and Information Processing (ICCWAMTIP). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccwamtip.2017.8301468.

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Wu, Yuguang, and C. G. Li. "The Automated Planning for Fixture Location Based on Process Requirement." In ASME 2010 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2010-28205.

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This research carries out a systematic investigation on the automation of fixture location planning. A novel classification and representation method of constrained degrees of freedom (DOF) is proposed. Constrained DOFs are classified into four types: linear translation DOF, linear rotation DOF, planar translation DOF and planar rotation DOF, and they are represented in the form of vector. On the basis of the classification and representation, constrained DOFs are automatically obtained from process requirement. By analyzing datum constraint DOF capability and datum location ability, the operation rules of constrained DOF: union, decomposition and coordinate transformation, are established. The approach to the evaluation of datum location ability and the judgment of datum conflict is explored, and the solution of datum conflict and datum location problem is presented. Eventually, the rules of location point layout are formalized.

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Oliveira, Francisco, Fai Wong, Ka-Seng Leong, Chio-Kin Tong, and Ming-Chui Dong. "Query Translation for Cross-Language Information Retrieval by Parsing Constraint Synchronous Grammar." In 2007 International Conference on Machine Learning and Cybernetics. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icmlc.2007.4370846.

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Reports on the topic "Constraint translation"

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Paule, Bernard, Flourentzos Flourentzou, Tristan de KERCHOVE d’EXAERDE, Julien BOUTILLIER, and Nicolo Ferrari. PRELUDE Roadmap for Building Renovation: set of rules for renovation actions to optimize building energy performance. Department of the Built Environment, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.54337/aau541614638.

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In the context of climate change and the environmental and energy constraints we face, it is essential to develop methods to encourage the implementation of efficient solutions for building renovation. One of the objectives of the European PRELUDE project [1] is to develop a "Building Renovation Roadmap"(BRR) aimed at facilitating decision-making to foster the most efficient refurbishment actions, the implementation of innovative solutions and the promotion of renewable energy sources in the renovation process of existing buildings. In this context, Estia is working on the development of inference rules that will make it possible. On the basis of a diagnosis such as the Energy Performance Certificate, it will help establishing a list of priority actions. The dynamics that drive this project permit to decrease the subjectivity of a human decisions making scheme. While simulation generates digital technical data, interpretation requires the translation of this data into natural language. The purpose is to automate the translation of the results to provide advice and facilitate decision-making. In medicine, the diagnostic phase is a process by which a disease is identified by its symptoms. Similarly, the idea of the process is to target the faulty elements potentially responsible for poor performance and to propose remedial solutions. The system is based on the development of fuzzy logic rules [2],[3]. This choice was made to be able to manipulate notions of membership with truth levels between 0 and 1, and to deliver messages in a linguistic form, understandable by non-specialist users. For example, if performance is low and parameter x is unfavourable, the algorithm can gives an incentive to improve the parameter such as: "you COULD, SHOULD or MUST change parameter x". Regarding energy performance analysis, the following domains are addressed: heating, domestic hot water, cooling, lighting. Regarding the parameters, the analysis covers the following topics: Characteristics of the building envelope. and of the technical installations (heat production-distribution, ventilation system, electric lighting, etc.). This paper describes the methodology used, lists the fields studied and outlines the expected outcomes of the project.

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