Academic literature on the topic 'Constrained percolation'

Discontinuous shear thickening (DST) is associated with a sharp rise in a suspension’s viscosity with increasing applied shear rate or stress. Key signatures of DST, highlighted in recent studies, are the very large fluctuations of the measured stress as the suspension thickens with increasing rate. A clear link between microstructural development and the dramatic increase in stress fluctuations has not been established yet. To identify the microstructural underpinnings of this behavior, we perform simulations of sheared dense suspensions. Through an analysis of the particle contact network, we identify a subset of constrained particles that contributes directly to the rapid rise in viscosity and large stress fluctuations. Indeed, both phenomena can be explained by the growth and percolation of constrained particle networks—in direct analogy to rigidity percolation. A finite size scaling analysis confirms this to be a percolation phenomenon and allows us to estimate the critical exponents. Our findings reveal the specific microstructural self-organization transition that underlies DST.

We investigate via Monte Carlo simulations the kinetically constrained Kob-Andersen lattice glass model showing that, contrary to current expectations, the relaxation process and the dynamical heterogeneities seems to be characterized by different time scales. Indeed, we found that the relaxation time is related to a reverse percolation transition, whereas the time of maximum heterogeneity is related to the spatial correlation between particles. This investigation leads to a geometrical interpretation of the relaxation processes and of the different observed time scales.

Agricultural water scarcity is a global problem and this reinforces the need for optimal allocation of irrigation water resources. However, decision makers are challenged by the complexity of fluctuating stream condition and irrigation quota as well as the dynamic changes of the field water cycle process, which make optimal allocation more complex. A two-stage chance-constrained programming model with random parameters in the left- and right-hand sides of constraints considering field water cycle process has been developed for agricultural irrigation water allocation. The model is capable of generating reasonable irrigation allocation strategies considering water transformation among crop evapotranspiration, precipitation, irrigation, soil water content, and deep percolation. Moreover, it can deal with randomness in both the right-hand side and the left-hand side of constraints to generate schemes under different flow levels and constraint-violation risk levels, which are informative for decision makers. The Yingke irrigation district in the middle reaches of the Heihe River basin, northwest China, was used to test the developed model. Tradeoffs among different crops in different time periods under different flow levels, and dynamic changes of soil moisture and deep percolation were analyzed. Scenarios with different violating probabilities were conducted to gain insight into the sensitivity of irrigation water allocation strategies on water supply and irrigation quota. The performed analysis indicated that the proposed model can efficiently optimize agricultural irrigation water for an irrigation district with water scarcity in a stochastic environment.

We perform a gas gun experiment by shock loading tantalum samples of varying grain structures to assess the suitability of a numerical model for simulating spall behavior. The observed differences in spall strength, as well spallation and re-compression history, are not captured in uncalibrated hydrodynamic simulations. An optimization is performed on the Johnson spall model to determine the best parameters that fit the observed trends. Linear stability analysis is employed to motivate bounds on those parameters. Herein, optimized simulations agree well with the experimental results, reproducing pullback depth and recompression timescales across the different samples tested. Further, the observed pullback time of the single crystal sample was found to imply, via the stability analysis, a percolation threshold in good agreement with the theoretical value for a body centered cubic lattice. Therefore, the combined linear stability and percolation analysis shows promise and may be applied to other materials with diverse microstructures. Collectively, the findings demonstrate that the model is suitable for reproducing spall-induced free surface behavior across various microstructures, but also points to caution in using model coefficients for uncalibrated microstructures.

Cette thèse est consacrée à l'étude des modèles aux contraintes cinétiques et de la percolation bootstrap, dans l'intersection entre les probabilités, la combinatoire et la physique statistique. Les modèles aux contraintes cinétiques ont été introduits dans les années 80 pour modéliser la transition liquide-verre, dont la compréhension reste toujours un des plus grands problèmes de la physique de la matière condensée. Ils ont été depuis profondément étudiés par des physiciens dans l'espoir d'éclaircir ce problème et la communauté mathématique s'en intéresse de plus en plus lors de la dernière décennie. Ces modèles sont des systèmes de particules en interaction dont la théorie générale est maintenant bien établie. Leur analyse rencontre tout de même des difficultés qui nécessitent le développement de nouveaux outils mathématiques.La percolation bootstrap est une classe d'automates cellulaires, i.e. déterministes en temps discret. Elle a été considérée pour la première fois en 1979 et son étude est depuis devenue un domaine actif en combinatoire et en probabilités.Les modéles aux contraintes cinétiques et la percolation bootstrap ont été introduits séparément mais sont fortement reliés – on verra que la percolation bootstrap est une version déterministe des modèles aux contraintes cinétiques et que ces derniers sont une version stochastique de la percolation bootstrap.On se concentrera sur les échelles de temps de ces deux modèles dans le but de comprendre le comportement des matériaux vitreux
This thesis concerns with Kinetically Constrained Models and Bootstrap Percolation, two topics in the intersection between probability, combinatorics and statistical mechanics. Kinetically constrained models were introduced by physicists in the 1980's to model the liquid-glass transition, whose understanding is still one of the big open questions in condensed matter physics. They have been studied extensively in the physics literature in the hope to shed some light on this problem, and in the last decade they have also received an increasing attention in the probability community. We will see that even though they belong to the well established field of interacting particle systems with stochastic dynamics, kinetically constrained models pose challenging and interesting problems requiring the development of new mathematical tools.Bootstrap percolation, on the other hand, is a class of monotone cellular automata, namely discrete in time and deterministic dynamics, the first example being the r-neighbor bootstrap percolation introduced in 1979. Since then, the study of bootstrap percolation has been an active domain in both the combinatorial and probabilistic communities, with several breakthroughs in the recent years.Though introduced in different contexts, kinetically constrained models and the bootstrap percolation, as we will see, are intimately related; and one may think of bootstrap percolation as a deterministic counterpart of kinetically constrained models, and of kinetically constrained models as the natural stochastic version of bootstrap percolation

Cette thèse étudie la classe de systèmes de particules en interaction appelés modèles avec contraintes cinétiques (KCM). La première question considérée est celle de l’universalité : peut-on classer l’infinité de modèles possibles en un nombre fini de classes selon leurs propriétés ? Un tel résultat a été récemment démontré dans une classe de modèles proche, la percolation bootstrap, où les modèles se subdivisent en surcritiques, critiques et sous-critiques. Cette classification s’applique aussi aux KCM, mais elle n’est pas assez fine : les KCM surcritiques doivent être subdivisés en enracinés et non enracinés, et les KCM critiques selon qu’ils ont ou pas une infinité de directions stables. Cette thèse prouve la pertinence de cette classification des KCM et complète la preuve de leur universalité dans les cas surcritique et critique, en démontrant une borne inférieure pour deux grandeurs caractéristiques, le temps de relaxation et le premier temps auquel un site est à 0, dans les cas surcritique enraciné (travail avec F. Martinelli et C. Toninelli, reposant sur un résultat combinatoire réalisé sans collaboration) et critique avec une infinité de directions stables (travail avec I. Hartarsky et C. Toninelli). Elle établit aussi une borne inférieure plus précise dans le cas particulier du modèle de Duarte (travail avec F. Martinelli et C. Toninelli). Dans un deuxième temps, cette thèse montre des résultats de convergence exponentielle vers l’équilibre, pour tous les KCM surcritiques sous certaines conditions et dans le cas particulier du modèle Est en dimension d sans restriction
This thesis studies the class of interacting particle systems called kinetically constrained models (KCMs). It considers first the question of universality: can the infinity of possible models be sorted into a finite number of classes according to their properties? Such a result was recently proven in a related class of models, bootstrap percolation, where models can be divided into supercritical, critical and subcritical. This classification can also be applied to KCMs, but it is not precise enough: supercritical KCMs have to be divided into rooted and unrooted, and critical KCMs depending on them having or not an infinity of stable directions. This thesis shows the relevance of this classification of KCMs and completes the proof of their universality in the supercritical and critical cases, by proving a lower bound for two characteristic scales, the relaxation time and the first time at which a site is at 0, in the supercritical rooted case (work with F. Martinelli and C. Toninelli, relying on a combinatorial result shown without collaboration) and in the case of critical models with an infinity of stable directions (work with I. Hartarsky and C. Toninelli). It also establishes a more precise lower bound in the particular case of the Duarte model (work with F. Martinelli and C. Toninelli). Secondly, this thesis shows results of exponential convergence to equilibrium, for all supercritical KCMs under certain conditions and in the particular case of the d-dimensional East model without restrictions

La percolation avec contrainte consiste en l'étude de modèles de percolation pour lesquels on conditionne le sous-graphe aléatoire obtenu après suppression des arêtes à vérifier une contrainte particulière. La première partie de cette thèse traite d'un modèle spécifique de percolation avec contrainte : le modèle de corner percolation. Nous montrons que dans un régime à directions privilégiées, il existe presque sûrement une infinité de chemins infinis d'arêtes, et nous déterminons la direction asymptotique commune de ces chemins, en utilisant deux approches différentes. La seconde partie de cette thèse aborde des systèmes de particules en interaction. Nous nous intéressons à des variantes de deux modèles classiques dans ce domaine : le modèle de Richardson et le processus de contact. Ces derniers peuvent être vus comme des versions simplifiées de modèles représentant l'évolution au cours du temps d'une épidémie, et possèdent une dynamique d'infection et de guérison. On s'intéresse à l'incorporation dans ces modèles d'une dynamique de mélange, qui correspond au déplacement des individus. Nous montrons plusieurs résultats sur le modèle de Richardson avec mélange et le processus de contact avec mélange, notamment un théorème de forme asymptotique pour l'ensemble des individus infecté. Pour prouver ce théorème, nous utilisons un théorème de forme asymptotique général que nous avons montré pour une classe de systèmes de particules en interaction, que l'on appelle modèles à croissance aléatoire linéaire : ce théorème fait l'objet de la dernière partie de cette thèse
Constrained percolation is the study of percolation models in which the random subgraph obtained after edge removal is conditioned to verify a particular constraint. The first part of this thesis deals with a specific constrained percolation model: the corner percolation model. We show that in a regime with preferred directions, there are almost surely infinitely many infinite edge paths, and we determine the common asymptotic direction of these paths, using two different approaches. The second part of this thesis deals with interacting particle systems. We focus on variants of two classical models in this field: the Richardson model and the contact process. The latter can be seen as simplified versions of models representing the evolution over time of an epidemic, with infection and recovery dynamics. We focus on the incorporation into these models of a mixing dynamics, corresponding to the movement of individuals. We show several results on the Richardson model with mixing and the contact process with mixing, including an asymptotic shape theorem for the set of infected individuals. To prove this theorem, we use a general asymptotic shape theorem that we have shown for a class of interacting particle systems, which we call linear random growth models: this theorem is the subject of the last part of this thesis

I processi di interazione fuso-roccia rappresentano processi chiave nella formazione ed evoluzione chimica della crosta oceanica, come mostrato da diverse evidenze: (1) lo studio delle zonature chimiche e delle inclusioni fluide in fenocristalli in lave (Lissenberg et al., 2013; Laubier et al., 2014; Coumans et al., 2016), (2) “trends” composizionali peculiari, osservati in basalti di dorsale medio-oceaniche (MORBs), non consistenti con processi di pura cristallizzazione frazionata (Collier & Kelemen, 2010; Van den Bleeken et al., 2010, 2011; Paquet et al., 2016), (3) troctoliti arricchite in olivina descritte nei livelli più profondi della crosta oceanica, le quali vengono ritenute rappresentare il prodotto ‘ibrido’ di reazione tra duniti, originariamente localizzate nel limite mantello-ctosta, e magmi MORB percolanti che dissolvono olivina e cristallizzano plagioclasio e clinopirosseno (Suhr et al., 2008; Drouin et al., 2010; Renna & Tribuzio, 2011; Higgie & Tommasi, 2012; Sanfilippo et al., 2014; Rampone et al., 2016). Gli studi sopra citati descrivono la formazione di rocce gabbriche ricche in olivina come risultato di processi multipli di interazioni fuso-roccia a spese di scaglie di peridotiti di mantello incorporate alla base della crosta oceanica (Drouin et al., 2010, Sanfilippo & Tribuzio, 2012). Lo studio condotto in questa tesi ha come obiettivo quello di determinare le variazioni strutturali e geochimiche causate dai processi di interazione fusoperidotite in ambienti di transizione mantello-crosta oceanica, processi che causano la formazione di rocce ibride (duniti a plagioclasio, troctoliti, olivin gabbri). Questi processi sono descritti negli ambienti oceanici attuali (Mid-Atlantic Ridge, Southwest Indian Ridge, East Pacific Rise) dove però sono spesso carenti le relazioni strutturali tra i diversi litotipi, dai protoliti di mantello alle rocce gabbriche “ibride”, non permettendo quindi l’osservazione diretta dell’evoluzione microstrutturale e geochimica che accompagna i processi di interazione fuso-roccia. Questo lavoro di tesi e’ stato sviluppato mediante lo studio di peridotiti ed associate rocce gabbriche in tre sequenze ofiolitiche che preservano le relazioni strutturali primarie tra i diversi litotipi, ed in cui studi precedenti hanno documentato processi di interazione fuso/peridotite a diversi livelli litosferici : i) l’unita’ peridotitica Erro-Tobbio (Alpi Liguri; Rampone & Borghini, 2008; Rampone et al., 2016), ii) le peridotiti di Mt.Maggiore (Corsica Alpina, Francia; Rampone et al., 2008), e iii) la zona di transizione in Oman che presenta un layering alternato di livelli dunitici e livelli di olivin gabbri variabilmente evoluti (Koga et al., 2001; Higgie & Tommasi, 2012). Lo studio è stato sviluppato seguendo un approccio multidisciplinare che combina studi di terreno, strutturali (Electron Backscatter Diffraction, EBSD) e di composizione chimica degli elementi maggiori ed in tracce dei minerali (Electron Probe Micro-Analyzer e Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometer) con l’obiettivo di definire l’origine ibrida o magmatica “sensu strictu” delle rocce gabbriche, e la correlazione tra cambiamenti strutturali e geochimici durante il processo di interazione tra rocce di mantello e fuso, in settings geologici vincolati da chiare evidenze di terreno. Nell’Unità Erro-Tobbio (Alpi Liguri, Italia), le peridotiti di mantello impregnate sono primariamente associate a corpi mafici composti di troctoliti e wehrliti a plagioclasio, entrambi tagliati da dicchi di gabbro tardivi. I corpi troctolitici mostrano un’importante complessità composizionale interna: il corpo principale di troctolite (Troctolite A) è tagliato da una seconda generazione di corpi troctolitici con dimensioni metriche e forma pseudo-tabulare (Troctolite B) (Borghini et al., 2007; Rampone & Borghini, 2008; Rampone et al., 2016). La Troctolite A incassante è caratterizzata da due differenti occorrenze tessiturali di olivina, comprese tra olivine corrose e defornate di taglia millimetrica a centimetrica ed olivine tondeggianti, non deformate e di taglia fine; entrambe le olivine sono incluse in cristalli di plagioclasio e clinopirosseno con forma da interstiziale a poicilitica. La troctolite A mostra inoltre aggregati dunitici di dimensioni da centimetriche a decimetriche, circondati da zone arricchite in plagioclasio. Tali caratteristiche microstrutturali indicano la formazione della troctolite incassante A per impregnazione di una dunite da parte di un fuso sottosaturo in olivina (l’olivina viene corrosa dal plagioclasio interstiziale). L’evoluzione tessiturale durante l’evento di impregnazione è accompagnata da un evidente cambio dell’orientazione preferenziale degli assi cristallografici dell’olivina (CPO), che varia dal caratteristico pattern assiale [100] degli aggregati dunitici a plagioclasio interstiziale (simile al CPO analizzato nelle peridotiti associate) ad un CPO ad orientazione “random” nei campioni arricchiti in plagioclasio dove singoli cristalli di olivina sono inclusi in plagioclasio pecilitico. Quest’ultimo indica la perdita di coesione tra i cristalli di olivina, costituenti la matrice solida, durante l’evento di impregnazione ad elevati rapporti fuso/roccia (Rosenberg & Handy, 2005; Drouin et al., 2010). Le composizioni chimiche dei minerali costituenti la troctolite A mostrano trend evolutivi tipicamente di cristallizzazione “reattiva”, caratterizzati da variabili contenuti in anortite nei plagioclasi a costante contenuto in forsterite nelle olivine della matrice: questo indica che la composizione del fuso viene modificata e tamponata dall’assimilazione di olivina durante il processo d’impregnazione (Borghini et al., 2007; Rampone et al., 2016). I corpi pseudo-tabulari di troctolite B corrispondono ad intrusioni fragile-duttili nella troctolite A preesistente. Il CPO dell’olivina nella troctolite B indica che la sua origine è magmatica e la sua formazione è legata ad un flusso magmatico (orientazione preferenziale della forma dei cristalli; Benn & Allard, 1989; Jousselin et al., 2012). Le troctoliti B sono caratterizzate da estremevariazioni tessiturali, con olivine da dendritiche di dimensioni decimetriche a euedrali di dimensioni inferiori, entrambe incluse in plagioclasio poichilitico. Questa variazione tessiturale è il risultato dell’assimilazione di olivina durante la formazione della troctolite A (percolazione diffusa) ed intrusione della troctolite B, che causa un aumento del grado di raffreddamento del fuso percolante (aumento della temperatura di liquidus del fuso fino a 65°C durante l’assimilazione d’olivina; Faure et al., 2003, 2007; O’Driscoll et al., 2007). Le composizioni dei minerali costituenti la troctolite B sono simili a quelle dei minerali nella troctolite A e indicano che i processi di interazione fusoroccia, che sono responsabili per la dissoluzione di olivina, erano continuamente attivi durante la percolazione focalizzata di fusi. I minerali nelle intrusioni gabbriche che tagliano le peridotiti di mantello ed i corpi troctolitici, mostrano variazioni composizionali consistenti con processi di cristallizzazione frazionataa partire da fusi modificati durante la percolazione reattiva che ha determinato la formazione della troctolite A e troctolite B. I corpi troctolitici dell’Erro-Tobbio registrano quindi una storia evolutiva polifasica legata all’evoluzione termica di questo settore di mantello durante la progressiva esumazione (Borghini et al., 2007; Rampone & Borghini, 2008), dalla percolazione reattiva diffusa e formazione della troctolite incassante A, in aambiente duttile,alla percolazione reattiva focalizzata in ambiente fragile-duttile e formazione della troctolite B, fino alla tardiva intrusione e cristallizzazione frazionata del fuso modificato e formazione dei dicchi gabbrici in ambiente fragile più superficiale. Le peridotiti di Monte Maggiore (Corsica Alpina, Francia) registrano una chiara storia evolutiva di progressiva esumazione litosferica, accompagnata da processi di interazione fusoroccia, da lherzoliti e minori duniti a spinello a litotipi che presentano variabili contenuti in plagioclasio (peridotiti a plagioclasio, troctoliti ricche in olivina e troctoliti) (Rampone et al., 1997, 2008; Muntener & Piccardo, 2003; Piccardo & Guarnieri, 2010).In facies a spinello, la percolazione reattiva di un fuso povero in LREE ha causato la dissoluzione di pirosseni di mantello e la crescita di cristalli d’olivina, fino alla formazione di harzburgiti reattive, e minori corpi di duniti di sostituzione a spinello. Come risultato, aggregati dunitici di dimensioni metriche, caratterizzati da irregolari cristalli di olivina di grandi dimensioni, sono inclusi in harzburgiti a spinello reagite e ricche in olivina (Rampone et al., 1997, 2008; Muntener & Piccardo, 2003; Piccardo & Guarnieri, 2010). L’evoluzione progressiva da lherzoliti a spinello, a harzburgiti fino alla formazione di duniti di sostituzione, è marcata da un cambio del CPO dell’olivina, da un pattern assiale [100] nelle lherzoliti, consistente con deformazione per dislocation creep ad alta temperatura e generalmente descritto in peridotiti di mantello (Tommasi et al., 2000), al pattern assiale [010] del CPO dell’olivina nelle duniti, che tipicamente è interpretato come il risultato di deformazione in presenza di un fuso (Holtzman et al., 2003; Le Roux et al., 2008). La composizione iniziale del fuso di percolazione é consistente con singoli incrementi di fuso prodotti dal 6% di fusione parziale di un mantello depleto (Rampone et al., 1997, 2008). La percolazione reattiva conduce al progressivo arricchimento del fuso in concentrazioni assolute di HREE, mentre preserva la concentrazione povera in LREE (Vernières et al., 1997; Rampone et al., 2008): queste sono consistenti con le composizioni delle olivine analizzate nelle duniti a spinello che sono arricchite in HREE. In facies a plagioclasio, i fusi modificati durante il processo di percolazione (impoveriti in LREE, arricchiti in HREE) impregnano le peridotiti e duniti a spinello, portando alla dissoluzione di olivina e cristallizzazione di plagioclasio e ortopirosseno (+- clinopirosseno) nelle peridotiti (Rampone et al., 1997, 2008; Piccardo & Guarnieri, 2010). Lo stadio di impregnazione è anche osservato nelle duniti a spinello, dove la reazione fuso-roccia porta alla formazione ibrida di troctoliti ricche in olivina e troctoliti successiva alla dissoluzione di olivina e cristallizzazione di plagioclasio interstiziale. La reazione di dissoluzione-precipitazione, che forma le troctoliti ibride, sviluppa variazioni tessiturali progressive correlate con il contenuto modale in olivina (diminuisce durante la reazione). Come dedotto da studi precedenti su troctoliti ibride ricche in olivina formatesi in ambiente oceanico (Suhr et al., 2008; Drouin et al., 2010), le olivine con abito irregolare e di grosse dimensioni costituenti il protolita dunitico sono corrose progressivamente e fragmentate dal fuso reattivo che cristallizza plagioclasio, per finalmente formare le tessiture caratterizzate da numerose olivine tondeggianti incluse in plagioclasio poichilitico. Durante il progressivo processo di impregnazione, si osserva l’aumento di ‘grain number’, il quale è correlato con la diminuzione di ‘grain area’, ‘aspect ratio’ e ‘shape factor’ dei cristalli di olivina. L’evoluzione tessiturale legata all’impregnazione non è accompagnata da chiare variazioni del CPO dell’olivina, quindi indicando che il processo di impregnazione è caratterizzato da bassi rapporti fuso/roccia instantanei. Le composizioni in REE di olivina, plagioclasio e clinopirosseno analizzati nelle troctoliti concordano con un processo di impregnazione associato ad una progressiva chiusura della porosità del sistema (a progressiva diminuzione della massa del fuso), la quale conduce alla cristallizzazione di fuso e, conseguentemente, all’arricchimento in REE nelle fasi cristalline durante gli ultimi incrementi di cristallizzazione (Vernières et al., 1997, Rampone et al., 2008). La cristallizzazione di piccole frazioni di fuso intrappolato sono consistenti con i bassi rapporti fuso/roccia instantanei suggeriti dal fatto che il CPO dell’olivina conserva caratteristiche precedenti la reazione durante il processo di impregnazione. La zona di transizione Moho in Oman è costituita di un layering alternato di duniti (sensu lato; >70 vol% olivina modale) e livelli di olivin gabbri variabilmente evoluti (da 10 vol% a 70 vol% di olivina; Boudier & Nicolas, 1995; Higgie & Tommasi, 2012). In un recente studio petrologico e strutturale, Higgie & Tommasi (2012) hanno dimostrato che i livelli di olivin gabbro sono di origine reattiva di sostituzione, formatesi durante un processo deformativo guidato dalla percolazione reattiva focalizzata in pre-esistenti duniti, durante il quale le olivine della matrice vengono corrose e clinopirosseno e plagioclasio cristallizzano interstiziali. La progressiva evoluzione delle composizioni modali (diminuzione della composizione modale dell’olivina) è accompagnata da un cambio della simmetria del CPO dell’olivina: da un pattern assiale [100] nelle duniti ad un CPO dell’olivina con pattern assiale [010] negli olivin gabbro, gli ultimi osservati in un range di composizione modale dell’olivina tra il 60% e 40 vol%. Higgie & Tommasi (2012) hanno interpretato quest’evoluzione del CPO dell’olivina come evidenza di un’intensa deformazione progressiva concentrata in zone ad elevato rapporto fuso/roccia nei livelli ad olivin gabbro. L’occorrenza di tali variazioni strutturali in scala centimetrica, che sono state osservate nel layering di dunite-olivin gabbro, indica una correlazione positiva tra deformazione e focalizzazione del fuso nei livelli più duttili ad olivin gabbro, come descritto in esperiment precedenti che riproducono deformazione per simple shear in presenza di fuso (Zimmerman et al., 1999, Holtzman et al., 2003b). Forti discrepanze si osservano tra le composizioni chimiche dei livelli dunitici e quelle dei livelli ad olivin gabbro: i “trends” di evoluzione composizionale delle duniti sono indicativi di un processo di impregnazione da fusi in un sistema chiuso, con la composizione del fuso controllata dalla roccia ospite e modificata dall’interazione fuso-roccia e dissoluzione di olivina; i livelli ad olivin gabbro mostrano composizioni dominate da quelle del fuso di percolazione, consistenti con un processo di percolazione reattiva in sistema aperto come descritto precedentemente da Higgie & Tommasi (2012). Abbiamo osservato una buona correlazione tra le microstrutture, che marcano una transizione da pattern assiale [100] nei campioni ricchi in olivina a pattern assiale [010] negli olivin gabbri più evoluti, e le composizioni geochimiche dei minerali che indicano una transizione da sistema chiuso (dominato dalla composizione della roccia) a sistema aperto (dominato dalla composizione del fuso). Le composizioni in REE ed elementi in tracce, che sono consistenti con le composizioni di fusi tipo MORB, sono simili ai clinopirosseni analizzati nei gabbri della sezione di crosta oceanica inferiore in Oman: questo suggerisce che i fusi che migrano nells zona di transizione Moho sono successivamente estratti ed alimentano la crosta oceanica (Kelemen et al., 1997; Korenaga & Kelemen, 1997; Koga et al., 2001). Gli olivin gabbri mostrano una sequenza di cristallizzazione [olivina linopirosseno-plagioclasio] (Browning, 1984), e l’elevato contenuto in anortite nel plagioclasio (An = 87-92 mol%) è associato ad una composizione relativamente evoluta di olivina (Fo = 83-84 mol%) e clinopirosseno (Mg = 86-88 mol%). Studi precedenti (Kelemen et al., 1997; Korenaga & Kelemen, 1997; Koga et al., 2001) hanno invocato la cristallizzazione di fusi idrati per interpretare il peculiare ordine di cristallizzazione e le composizioni chimiche dei minerali, che non sono consistenti con un fuso anidro tipo MORB a 2 kbar di pressione (Koga et al., 2001). In contrasto, considerando l’assenza di fasi idrate nelle rocce investigate, le elevate temperature di equilibrio calcolate tra plagioclasio e clinopirosseno (geotermometro REE elaborato da Sun et al., 2017), e la discordanza tra i contenuti in anortite nel plagioclasio ed in forsterite nell’olivina (entrambi correlati positivamente con il contenuto in acqua nel fuso), riteniamo che la composizione dei minerali che cristallizzano nelle rocce gabbriche non sia primariamente controllata dal contenuto in acqua nel magma parentale, quanto piuttosto dalla sua peculiare composizione chimica, ricca in CaO (elevati CaO/Na2O e CaO/Al2O3), possibilmente acquisita per fusione parziale di una sorgente mista di mantello peridotite-pirossenite (Borghini et al., 2017)
Melt-rock interactions have been increasingly invoked as key processes in the formation and compositional evolution of the oceanic crust, from separate lines of evidence: (1) the study of the chemical zoning and melt inclusions in lava phenocrysts (Lissenberg et al., 2013; Laubier et al., 2014; Coumans et al., 2016), (2) peculiar compositional trends observed in mid-ocean ridge basalts (MORBs), not consistent with a process of pure fractional crystallization (Collier & Kelemen, 2010; Van den Bleeken et al., 2010, 2011; Paquet et al., 2016), (3) olivine-rich troctolites found enclosed in the lowermost oceanic crust, thought to represent the “hybrid” reactive product of the interaction between dunites from the crust-mantle boundary and percolating MORB melts, dissolving olivine and crystallizing interstitial plagioclase and clinopyroxene (Suhr et al., 2008; Drouin et al., 2010; Renna & Tribuzio, 2011; Higgie & Tommasi, 2012; Sanfilippo et al., 2014; Rampone et al., 2016). The latter studies thus describe melt-rock interactions as a rock-forming process, leading to the incorporation of mantle slivers into the lower oceanic crust and formation of olivine-rich lithologies after multiple episodes of melt-rock interaction (Drouin et al., 2010, Sanfilippo & Tribuzio, 2012). The study presented in this thesis aims at constraining the structural and geochemical variations caused by melt-rock interaction processes acting at oceanic peridotite/gabbro transition settings, leading to the replacive formation of hybrid lithologies (plagioclase-bearing dunites, troctolites and olivine gabbros). These processes are often described in oceanic settings (Mid-Atlantic Ridge, Southwest Indian Ridge, East Pacific Rise), where clear field associations from the mantle protolith to the end-product are lacking, thus not allowing the direct observation of the evolution related to melt-rock interaction processes. The work has been developed through investigations on three ophiolitic case studies, fossil analogues of the oceanic lithosphere, preserving the primary association between mantle peridotites and gabbroic rocks: i) the Erro Tobbio peridotitic body and associated troctolites and olivine gabbros, in the Ligurian Alps (Italy), ii) the Monte Maggiore peridotites and associated dunites and troctolites, in the Alpine Corsica (France), and iii) the Maqsad massif Moho Transition Zone, in the Oman ophiolites. In all these ophiolites, previous studies documented a multi-stage melt-rock interaction history. In this study, we have used a multidisciplinary field, structural (EBSD) and geochemical approach (mineral major and trace element analyses) to define the replacive vs magmatic origin of the gabbroic lithologies and the correlation between the structural and geochemical variations induced by melt-rock interaction processes in a field-controlled petrological setting. In the Erro-Tobbio unit (Ligurian Alps, Italy), impregnated mantle peridotites are primarily associated to a hectometre-size mafic body composed of troctolite and plagioclase-bearing wehrlite, both crosscut by late gabbroic dykes. The troctolitic body exhibits high inner complexity, with a host troctolite (Troctolite A) crosscut by a second generation of troctolitic metre-size pseudo-tabular bodies (Troctolite B) (Borghini et al., 2007; Rampone & Borghini, 2008; Rampone et al., 2016). The host Troctolite A is characterized by two different textural types of olivine, between corroded deformed millimetre- to centimetre-size olivine and fine-grained rounded undeformed olivine, both embedded in interstitial to poikilitic plagioclase and clinopyroxene. It includes centimetre- to decimetre-size dunitic pods, surrounded by plagioclase enrichments. The Troctolite A shows meltrock reaction microstructures indicative of formation after impregnation of dunites by an olivineundersaturated melt (olivine being corroded by interstitial plagioclase). The textural evolution during impregnation is accompanied with a clear change of the olivine Crystallographic Preferred. Orientation (CPO), from dunitic aggregates bearing interstitial plagioclase preserving an axial-[100] pattern, similar to the CPO analyzed in the country peridotites, to single olivine grains embedded in poikilitic plagioclase in the most plagioclase-rich samples, showing a randoming of the olivine CPO indicative of the loss of cohesion of the solid matrix during impregnation at high melt/rock ratios (Rosenberg & Handy, 2005; Drouin et al., 2010). The Troctolite A shows reactive mineral compositional trends of evolution, characterized by variable Anorthite contents in plagioclase at constant Forsterite content in the olivine matrix, indicative of the buffering of the melt composition by the assimilation of olivine during impregnation (modelling performed using the pMELTS thermodynamic software; Ghiorso et al., 2002). The Troctolite B pseudo-tabular bodies correspond to brittle-ductile intrusions within the pre-existing Troctolite A, showing olivine CPO indicative of a formation by magmatic flow (shape-related orientation of the crystals; Benn & Allard, 1989; Jousselin et al., 2012). They are characterized by extreme textural variations from decimetre-size dendritic to fine-grained euhedral olivines, embedded in poikilitic plagioclase. We infer that this textural variability is the result of olivine assimilation during formation of the Troctolite A (diffuse percolation) and intrusion of the Troctolite B (focused percolation), and to the related increase in the degree of undercooling of the percolating melt (increase of the melt liquidus temperature up to 65°C during olivine assimilation; Faure et al., 2003, 2007; O’Driscoll et al., 2007). Mineral compositions within the Troctolite B are similar to the ones analyzed in the Troctolite A and indicate that olivinedissolving melt-rock interactions were still involved in the focused melt percolation (pMELTS; Ghiorso et al., 2002). The gabbroic intrusions crosscutting the association between mantle peridotites and the troctolitic body show mineral compositional trends of evolution consistent with the fractional crystallization of the melts modified after the olivine-dissolving reactive melt percolation related to the formation of the Troctolite A and Troctolite B (pMELTS; Ghiorso et al., 2002). Therefore, the Erro-Tobbio troctolitic body shows a poly-phase formation history related to the thermal evolution (Borghini et al., 2007; Rampone & Borghini, 2008), from diffuse reactive percolation leading to the replacive formation of the host Troctolite A in ductile environments, to brittle-ductile focused reactive percolation and formation of the Troctolite B, to the intrusion and fractional crystallization of the modified melt and formation of the gabbroic dykes in brittle environments. The Mt.Maggiore peridotitic body (Alpine Corsica, France) exposes a clear evolution from spinel lherzolite to plagioclase-bearing lithotypes (plagioclase peridotites, olivine-rich troctolites and troctolites) (Rampone et al., 1997, 2008; Muntener & Piccardo, 2003; Piccardo & Guarnieri, 2010) during two continuous episodes of melt-rock interaction. At spinel facies, the reactive melt percolation of LREE-depleted melts, likely representing unaggregated last melt increments produced by fractional melting of underlying asthenosphere mantle, leads to the dissolution of mantle pyroxenes and the growth of olivine crystals, until the formation of replacive spinel dunites in the most reacted peridotites. As a result, metre-size dunitic pods, characterized by irregular coarse grains of olivine, are enclosed in reacted olivine-rich spinel harzburgites (Rampone et al., 1997, 2008; Muntener & Piccardo, 2003; Piccardo & Guarnieri, 2010). The progressive evolution from spinel lherzolite to harzburgite to replacive dunite is accompanied by a change of olivine CPO, from axial-[100] in the lherzolite, consistent with high-temperature low-strain dislocation creep, commonly described in mantle peridotites (Tommasi et al., 2000), to axial-[010] olivine CPO in the dunites, indicative of deformation in presence of melt (Holtzman et al., 2003; Le Roux et al., 2008). The initial percolating melt composition is consistent with single melt increments after 6% partial melting of a depleted mantle source (Rampone et al., 1997, 2008). The reactive melt percolation leads to a progressive enrichment in the melt HREE absolute concentrations, while preserving its LREE depletion (REE modelling using the Plate Model after Vernières et al., 1997), consistent with the enriched analyzed HREE composition of olivine in the spinel dunite. At shallower plagioclase facies, the melts modified after reactive melt percolation (LREEdepleted, HREE-enriched) impregnate the spinel-facies lithotypes, leading to the dissolution of olivine and crystallization of plagioclase and orthopyroxene (± clinopyroxene) in the peridotites (Rampone et al., 1997, 2008; Piccardo & Guarnieri, 2010). The impregnation stage is also observed in the spinel dunites, leading to the hybrid formation of olivine-rich troctolites and troctolites, after dissolution of olivine and crystallization of interstitial plagioclase. The dissolution-precipitation reaction forming the hybrid troctolite develops progressive textural variations correlated with the modal content in olivine (decreasing during reaction). As inferred from previous studies of hybrid olivine-rich troctolites in oceanic settings (Suhr et al., 2008; Drouin et al., 2010), the irregular and coarse olivines from the dunite protolith are progressively corroded and disrupted by the reactive plagioclase-crystallizing melt, to form textures characterized by numerous rounded olivines embayed in poikilitic plagioclase. Therefore, during progressive impregnation, an increase in Grain Number, correlated with a decrease in grain area, aspect ratio and shape sactor of the olivine grains is observed. The textural evolution during impregnation is not accompanied by clear variations in the olivine CPO, indicative of very low instantaneous melt/rock ratios during the impregnation process. Olivine, plagioclase and clinopyroxene REE compositions analyzed in the troctolite fit a process of impregnation with a progressive closure of the porosity (at decreasing melt mass), leading to the crystallization of trapped melt and REE enrichments during the last crystallization increments (Plate Model; Vernières et al., 1997). The crystallization of small trapped melt fractions is consistent with the low instantaneous melt/rock ratio suggested by the preserved olivine CPO during the impregnation process. The Oman Moho Transition Zone (MTZ) is formed of a layering of interfingered dunites (sensu lato; >70 vol% modal olivine) and variably evolved olivine gabbros (from 10 to 70 vol% olivine; Boudier & Nicolas, 1995; Higgie & Tommasi, 2012). A recent petrological and structural study by Higgie & Tommasi (2012) demonstrated the replacive origin of the olivine gabbro layers, formed by a deformation-driven focused reactive percolation within the pre-existing dunite, corroding the olivine matrix and crystallizing interstitial clinopyroxene and plagioclase. The progressive evolution of modal compositions (decreasing modal composition of olivine) is accompanied by a change in symmetry of olivine CPO from axial-[100] patterns in the dunite to axial-[010] CPO in the olivine gabbro, observed over a range of olivine modal compositions from 60 to 40 vol%. Higgie & Tommasi (2012) interpreted this olivine CPO evolution as indicative of the higher cumulated strain and melt/rock ratio integrated over time in the olivine gabbro layers. The centimetre-scale at which the structural variations are observed within the dunite - olivine gabbro layering calls for a positive feedback between deformation and melt focusing in the weaker olivine gabbro layers, as previously described in melt-bearing simple shear experiments (Zimmerman et al., 1999, Holtzman et al., 2003b). Strong chemical discrepancies are observed between the dunite layers showing compositional trends of evolution indicative of a closed system melt impregnation, with the buffering of the melt composition by the host rock and the olivine dissolving melt-rock interaction, and the olivine gabbro layers showing compositions dominated by the percolating melt composition, consistently with the open-system reactive melt percolation previously described by Higgie & Tommasi (2012). We observed a good correlation between the transition from axial-[100] in olivine-rich samples to axial-[010] in more evolved olivine gabbros, and the geochemical transition from closed system (matrix-dominated) to open system (meltdominated) mineral compositions. The clinopyroxene REE and trace elements compositions are consistent with a MORB-type melt composition, similar to the clinopyroxenes analyzed in the Oman lower crustal gabbros, indicating that melts percolating the Moho Transition Zone were then extracted and fed the oceanic crust (Kelemen et al., 1997; Korenaga & Kelemen, 1997; Koga et al., 2001). The olivine gabbros show an [olivine – clinopyroxene – plagioclase] crystallization sequence (Browning, 1984), and high-Anorthite plagioclase (An = 87-92 mol%) is associated with relatively evolved compositions of olivine (Fo = 83-84 mol%) and clinopyroxene (Mg# = 86-88 mol%). Previous studies (Kelemen et al., 1997; Korenaga & Kelemen, 1997; Koga et al., 2001) invoked the crystallization of hydrous melts to explain the peculiar crystallization order and minecompositions, not consistent with the crystallization ofdry MORB-type melt at 2kbar (Koga et al., 2001). However, based on the absence of any hydrous phase, the high calculated plagioclaseclinopyroxene equilibrium temperatures (REE geothermometer after Sun et al., 2017), and the decoupling between Anorthite contents in plagioclase and Forsterite contents in olivine (both positively correlated with the water content in the melt), we infer that the water content of the parental melt is not the controlling factor on the composition of crystallizing minerals, rather a peculiar CaO-rich chemical signature of the primary MORB melt (high CaO/Na2O and CaO/Al2O3 and fractional crystallization modelling performed using the pMELTS thermodynamic software; Ghiorso et al., 2002), possibly formed by partial melting of a mixed pyroxenite-peridotite mantle source (e.g. Borghini et al., 2017). The results of this thesis demonstrate the possible hybrid origin of gabbroic rocks in fieldcontrolled ophiolitic settings, and provide a textural, structural and geochemical methodology to constrain melt-rock interaction processes and the magmatic vs replacive origin of an olivine-rich gabbroic rock. The three case studies highlight a significant control of instantaneous and cumulated melt/rock ratios on both the structural and the geochemical evolution during melt-rock interaction processes. The combination of structural and geochemical analyses allows a detailed understanding of the melt-rock interaction processes from large to small scale, and the related structural and geochemical evolution of the pre-existing mantle matrix and percolating melt.

AbstractIn a framework of multiple services supplied simultaneously by forests, the protection against natural hazards is one of the most important. Forests deliver conservation of natural resources, including soil and water, and other environmental services. They slow water dispersion and allow for infiltration and percolation of rainwater, which recharges soil and underground water storage. Forest cover, moreover, protects soil from wind and water erosion, avalanches and landslides. INFC collects a wide range of information related to the protective function of Italian wooded areas. This chapter shows estimates regarding such physical site characteristics, as slope, land position and aspect which, together with tree canopy coverage and terrain roughness, can condition the protective role of forests. Inventory statistics on terrain instability and hydrogeological constraint, as defined by national laws, are shown as well, the latter being a basis of most national and regional regulations on forest management. Finally, the presence of a primary designated management objective has been assessed with a particular focus on direct and indirect protection. Estimates on such attributes are shown in the last section of this chapter.

Abstract Past discussions of core formation are incorrect or incomplete because they assume that metallic iron­ rich liquid is able to migrate through a mostly solid silicate matrix by percolation, prior to macrosegregation and diapiric descent. Experimental and theoretical considerations suggest that percolation is largely prevented because of the high surface tension of iron. Two alternative views of core formation are offered. One assumes that percolation is possible in the deep mantle ( where perovskite is the major phase). Iron is then supplied to the deep mantle by Rayleigh-Taylor instabilities of a silicate­ iron suspension in the shallow mantle, and drains efficiently from the deepest mantle into the core by Darcy flow. The other model assumes complete or nearly complete melting of all or part of the mantle. Despite vigorous convection, iron droplets approximately one centimeter in radius are predicted and settle rapidly by Stokes flow, either to the core or into a layer or ponds that provide iron-rich diapirs that can descend to the core. These stories generally suggest very efficient core formation in the sense that the t}pical residence time of metallic iron in the mantle is orders of magnitude shorter tban the formation time of Earth (-108 years). Good chemical equilibrium between mantle and core phases is also predicted in many cases. Geochemical constraints and implications relevant to these scenarios are discussed but are largely inconclusive. The tentative inference of rapid core formation on Mars suggests a magma ocean and iron rainout.

Conventional coarse particle hydraulic conveying is performed under turbulent flow conditions, usually at concentrations of less than 40% v/v. The last three or four decades have seen the development of much higher concentration conveying, with the successful transport of suspensions of 70% v/v or more. These suspensions can be conveyed at very low velocities and generally exhibit very benign characteristics, having the capability of being stopped and restarted at will. There are generally two methods of pumping coarse materials safely at low velocities. The first method, using a Newtonian such as water, can be applied when the particle size distribution is sufficiently broad to minimize percolation and the concentration sufficiently high to prevent particle restructuring during transport. A second method uses a non-Newtonian, visco-plastic carrier fluid, normally fine particle slurry, to convey the coarser particles. This second method removes the constraints of the first method, allowing a greater range of coarse solid distributions and concentrations to be pumped. In both cases, the conveying characteristics appear similar to laminar flow. Both methods are described and analyzed in this chapter.

ABSTRACT Fluid flow through faults controls subsurface transport processes, considerably impacting seismic hazards and geoengineering such as enhanced geothermal systems (EGS). Recent advances in geophysical techniques have detected changes in electrical resistivity and seismic velocity due to crustal stress changes, and possibly predicted the changes in subsurface fluid flow. However, we could not quantitatively interpret these geophysical monitoring data due to the absence of rock physical models for fractured rocks. This study investigated changes in permeability, resistivity, elastic wave velocity, and their respective relationships at elevated normal stress by performing numerical simulations of various fracture models with changing fracture surface roughness and shear displacement. The results show that permeability-resistivity and permeability-velocity relationships are less dependent on any geometric characteristics, but controlled by the percolation based on microscopic flow analysis. Our finding suggests that Overall, resistivity is more sensitive to less connected flow regime, while seismic velocities are more sensitive to connected flow regime. INTRODUCTION The fluid-flow characteristics of fractured geological formations are of critical interest in a number of areas including fluid resources (e.g., geothermal fluids, shale oil, and groundwater), geological storage or disposal, and seismic hazard assessment (fault reactivation, slow slip, and induced seismicity). Numerous studies have revealed that fluid-flow properties are constrained by fracture surface topography, which is also altered by shear displacement and stress (e.g., Chen et al., 2017; Durham and Bonner, 1994; Durham, 1997; Ishibashi et al., 2015; Pyrak-Nolte and Morris, 2000; Watanabe et al., 2008 Witherspoon et al., 1980; Zimmerman et al., 1992). Insitu stress is never constant during geoengineering developments or on the geological time scale, and consequently the aperture distribution and associated hydraulic properties also must change in natural settings. Although direct measurement of permeability changes is challenging, geophysical observations are potential approaches to evaluate the permeability change. Many studies have reported changes in seismic velocities or electrical resistivity that may reflect subsurface stress changes associated with hydraulic stimulation, earthquakes or geothermal fluid production (e.g., Brenguier et al., 2008; Didana et al., 2017; Mazzella and Morrison, 1974; Nimiya et al., 2017; Park, 1991; Sánchez-Pastor et al., 2019Taira et al., 2018; Tsuji et al., 2021; Johnson et al., 2021). It would be advantageous if changes in permeability caused by subsurface stress changes could be linked to these geophysical properties that could be remotely monitored.

Abstract High gas flow rates in deep-buried dolomitized reservoir from an offshore field Abu Dhabi cannot be explained by the low matrix permeability. Previous permeability multiplier based on distance to major faults is not a solid geological solution due to over-simplifying reservoir geomechanics, overlooking folding-related fractures, and lack of detailed fault interpretation from poor seismic. Alternatively, to characterize the heterogeneous flow related with natural fractures in this undeveloped reservoir, fracture network is modelled based on core, bore hole imager (BHI), conventional logs, seismic data and test information. Limited by investigation scale, vertical wells record apparent BHI, and raw fracture interpretation cannot represent true 3D percolation reflected on PLT. To overcome this shortfall, correction based on geomechanics and mechanical layer (ML) analysis is performed. Young's modulus (E), Poisson ratio (ν), and brittleness index are calculated from logs, describing reservoir tendency of fracturing. Other than defining MLs, bedding plane intensity from BHI is also used as an indicator of fracture occurrence, since stress tends to release at strata discontinuity and forms bed-bounded fractures observed from cores. Subsequently, a new fracture intensity is generated from combined geomechanics properties and statistics average of BHI-derived fracture occurrence within the ML frame, which improves match with PLT and distinguishes fracture enhance flow intervals consistently in all wells. Seismic discontinuity attributes are used as static fracture footprints to distribute fractures from wells to 3D. The final hybrid DFN comprises large-scale deterministic zone-crossing fractures and small-scale stochastic bed-bounded fractures. Sub-vertical open fractures are dominated by NE-SW wrenching fractures related with Zagros compression and reactive salt upward movement. There is no angle rotation of fractures in different fault blocks. Open fractures in other strikes are supported by partial cements and mismatching fracture walls on computerized tomography (CT) images. ML correlation shows vertical consistence across stratigraphic framework and its intensity indicates fracture potential of vertical zones reflected by tests. Fracture-enhanced flow units are further constrained by a threshold in both combined geomechanics properties and statistics average of raw BHI fracture intensity in ML frame. As a result, final fracture network maps reservoir brittleness and flow potential both vertically and laterally, identifying fracture regions along folding axis not just major faults, evidenced by wells and seismic. According to the upscaling results, the case study reveals a type-III fractured reservoir, where fractures contribute to flow not to volume. Fracture network enhances bed-wise horizontal communication but also opens vertical feeding channels. Fracture permeability is mainly influenced by aperture and intensity, while aspect ratio, fracture length, and proportion of strikes and dips mainly influence permeability distribution rather than absolute values. This study provides a production-oriented characterization workflow of natural fracture heterogeneity based on correction of raw BHI in undeveloped fields.

Sustainable water resource management is essential as urbanization and population growth intensify competition for limited freshwater resources. Accurate streamflow estimation in river basins is a key tool for effective management. Hydrologic modelling provides a flexible approach for estimating streamflow, but its application can be challenging in ungauged basins due to data scarcity and other constraints. This research improves streamflow estimation in data-scarce regions, aiding more effective water resource management amid rising demands. This research explores the applicability of the spatial and temporal transferability approaches for parameter transfer in the semi-lumped HEC-HMS hydrological model. Three sub-basins, namely, Ellagawa, Ratnapura, and Baddegama, were selected for the analysis. All sub-basins are located within Sri Lanka's wet zone and have varying area extents (Ellagawa: 1,393 km², Ratnapura: 603 km², Baddegama: 681 km²). The HEC-HMS model was applied to each sub-basin, with a calibration period from 2006 to 2012. Verification utilized different periods due to limited observed data availability. Model performance was evaluated using the Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency Coefficient (NSE) and Mean Ratio Absolute Error (MRAE). The spatial transferability approach involved transferring calibrated parameters within basins (Ellagawa and Ratnapura) and across basins (Ratnapura in Kalu Ganga vs Baddegama in Gin Ganga). The temporal approach involved transferring parameters from calibrated models to the same basins for a different time period. Streamflow hydrographs and flow duration curves for low, high, and intermediate flows were used to assess the transferability of calibrated HEC-HMS parameters. The calibrated models for Ellagawa, Ratnapura, and Baddegama achieved satisfactory performance with NSE values ranging from 0.62 to 0.78 and MRAE values between 0.35 and 0.74. Within-basin transferability showed moderate success, with NSE ranging from 0.60 to 0.63 and MRAE varying between 0.51 and 0.84. Initial attempts at across-basin transferability resulted in low accuracy. However, adjusting sensitive parameters (Groundwater 1 Storage, Groundwater 1 Percolation, Groundwater 1 Coefficient, etc.) improved overall model accuracy to 87% in Ratnapura and 85% in Baddegama. Based on these results, an Excel-based interactive hydrological modelling system (E-HMS) was developed to assess parameter transferability within and across river basins. Calibration becomes achievable with minimal effort and in less time using E-HMS. The temporal transferability approach exhibited greater success, particularly when transferring parameters from the main basin to sub-basins. These findings demonstrate the potential of the HEC-HMS model with transferable parameters for sustainable water resource management in Sri Lanka's wet zone basins. The research highlights the viability of the spatial transferability approach within similar basins and the temporal approach for transferring parameters from main to sub-basins. Further research could explore the applicability of these approaches in different geographical contexts and investigate methods for identifying the most transferable parameters.