Academic literature on the topic 'Constitutional spatial theory'
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Journal articles on the topic "Constitutional spatial theory"
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Hirschl, Ran. "Constitutional Design and the Urban/Rural Divide." Law & Ethics of Human Rights 16, no. 1 (May 1, 2022): 1–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/lehr-2022-2002.
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Abstract In this article, I consider a curious blind spot in constitutional scholarship concerning the resurging rural/urban divide—a readily evident phenomenon closely associated with political resentment and anti-establishment sentiments—and how we may begin to address that challenge through creative constitutional designs. Specifically, I draw upon insights from comparative constitutionalism to discuss four main areas of constitutional law and theory that appear to hold some intellectual promise in this context: (i) formal constitutional commitment at the national level to recognizing the urban/rural divide and commitment to addressing it; (ii) creative electoral system designs that take into account the spatial dimension of politics; (iii) spatial pluralization based on concepts such as “mixed constitutions,” “community standards,” and “margin of appreciation”; and (iv) rethinking elements of equalization and fiscal federalism more generally. Taken together, the four directions I discuss here offer a repertoire of constitutional design possibilities that hold promise in mitigating the resurging rural/urban gulf. More generally, they serve as an invitation to constitutional thinkers to shake up the rather stagnant constitutional thought of spatial governance, and to think creatively about the ever-expanding urban/rural divide and its consequences for the theory and practice of 21st century constitutional democracy.
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Hirschl, Ran. "Constitutions and the Metropolis." Annual Review of Law and Social Science 16, no. 1 (October 13, 2020): 59–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-lawsocsci-051920-020619.
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Extensive urbanization and the consequent rise of megacities are among the most significant demographic phenomena of our time. Our constitutional institutions and constitutional imagination, however, have not even begun to catch up with the new reality. In this article, I address four dimensions of the great constitutional silence concerning the metropolis: ( a) the tremendous interest in cities throughout much of the social sciences, as contrasted with the meager attention to the subject in constitutional theory and practice; ( b) the right to the city in theory and practice; ( c) a brief account of what national constitutions actually say about cities, and more significantly what they do not; and ( d) the dominant statist stance embedded in national constitutional orders, in particular as it addresses the sovereignty and spatial governance of the polity, as a main explanatory factor for the lack of vibrant constitutional discourse concerning urbanization in general and the metropolis in particular.
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Daly, Eoin. "The indivisibility of the French republic as political theory and constitutional doctrine." European Constitutional Law Review 11, no. 3 (December 2015): 458–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1574019615000267.
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Indivisibility of the French republic – sovereignty and French republicanism – universalism in French political thought – spatial and social dimensions of the indivisibility doctrine – indivisibility and identity-based classifications – Dilution of the indivisibility doctrine – a crisis of French universalism
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Hirschl, Ran. "The “Era of the City” as an Emerging Challenge to Liberal Constitutional Democracy." Ethics & International Affairs 36, no. 4 (2022): 455–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0892679422000478.
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AbstractExtensive urbanization is one of the most significant demographic and geopolitical phenomena of our time. Yet, with few exceptions, constitutional theory has failed to turn its attention to this crucial trend. In particular, the burgeoning constitutional literature aimed at addressing phenomena such as democratic backsliding, constitutional retrogression, and populist threats to judicial independence and the rule of law has failed to respond to the significance of place as an emerging cleavage in contemporary politics. An alarming disconnect has emerged between constitutionalism's overwhelmingly statist (or Westphalian) outlook and the reality of geographically localized concentration of worldviews, policy preferences, and political identities. In this essay, I identify urban agglomeration and the accompanying resurgence of the urban-rural divide as posing a critical challenge to liberal constitutional democracy, and argue that the time is ripe to pay closer attention to the spatial dimension of constitutional governance and its impact on the rise of anti-establishment political resentment. To that end, in the essay's final part I identify several areas of constitutional law and theory that appear to hold some intellectual promise in thinking creatively about mitigating the urban-rural divide, and about the mounting urban challenge more generally.
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Tretyak, Irina A. "The legal conflictology in constitutional and municipal law." Law Enforcement Review 3, no. 1 (April 26, 2019): 55–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.24147/2542-1514.2019.3(1).55-61.
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The subject. The article is devoted to integration of conflictology theory in legal science. The purpose of the paper is to confirm or disprove hypothesis that theoretical mechanisms of conflictology may be effectively applied into constitutional legal theory to prevent con‐ stitutional legal conflicts.The methodology of the study includes general scientific methods (analysis, synthesis, description) and sociological approach.The main results and scope of their application. The author describes the genesis of legal conflictology theory in different humanitarian sciences and its periodization, including integration of conflictology theory in legal science. The author substantiates necessity and justification of application of theoretical and methodological bases of science of conflictology in the constitutional and municipal law for the purpose of forecasting, identification and the resolution of the corresponding constitutional and legal conflicts.Conflictology of constitutional and municipal law is a research level of legal conflictology. The subject of this kind of conflictology are legal conflicts in constitutional and municipal law, their prediction, identification and resolution. It is necessary to take into account the following postulates of the General theory of conflictology in the study of legal conflicts in constitutional and municipal law:– the conflict is natural, objective and acts as an integral property of social life;– the social conflict at the same time acts as a stabilizing factor of functioning of social system;– social conflict is a complex social phenomenon as well as a process having structural, spatial‐temporal and dynamic characteristics;– the organic connection of law conflict with the law. The legal conflict arises about legal phenomena, it is realized under the influence and with the application of legal norms, it is resolved on the basis of legal regulation;– there is a special kind of political conflict that arises within the existing government, where each of the groups within the ruling class has more private interests and its own vision of the situation.Conflictology of constitutional and municipal law bases on the general theoretical postulates of the science of social conflicts. Constitutional conflict is a political type of social conflict – a disagreement between the subjects of constitutional and municipal legal relations over constitutional values, which can be transformed into legally significant conflict and generate legal consequences.Conclusions. The object of scientific knowledge of legal conflictology in constitutional and municipal law is a constitutional and legal conflict, the study of which should be based on the above postulates of the general theory of conflictology, and can not be limited to purely legal knowledge.
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Petrovic, Milan. "Regions (forms of territorial autonomy) in the theory of law and law history." Zbornik Matice srpske za drustvene nauke, no. 112-113 (2002): 97–126. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/zmsdn0213097p.
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This discussion has two main parts: theoretical and empirical. The task of the first part is to determine the notion of the region as such (the problem not sufficiently cleared up so far). Namely, it is necessary to delimit the region both from the notion of local self-administration and from the notion of state. The region differs from local self-administration in possessing a qualitatively higher degree of authority, authority for the original regulation of legal relations, legislation in the material sense. The region differs from the state in the fact that the authority of the subject with statal (constitutional) authority in principle has above it only the social legal norm as the content of the joint (collective) legal act of a stronger part of the nation in a state. On the contrary, the region has to be subjugated to the constitutional authority of the state in whose borders it is located. There are two basic types of regions: the region as a state fragment and region as a public service. The former is similar to the state, because it has its own state organs (organs with their own authority of coercion), while the latter does not have such organs. Furthermore, regions could be comprehensively divided into non-incorporated autonomous territories, separate original parts of a state and the regions included into the regional state. This discussion accepts as politically most, relevant the division of regions into the regions within monarchies and the regions within republics. (Due to the spatial limitations the third category, regions under the regime of international law, could not have been included into the discussion). Naturally, this discussion could not have been comprehensive when it comes to regions, so it discussed only the most interesting examples. Thus as examples of the regions in monarchies, it presented dominions within the British Empire and Finland within the Russian Empire, and of the regions in republics, the regions in Italy.
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Wang, Ya Jun, Yu Hu, Zheng Zuo, Xiao Qing Gan, and Zhi Hong Dong. "Stochastic Finite Element Theory Based on Visco-Plasto Constitution." Advanced Materials Research 663 (February 2013): 672–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.663.672.
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Most geo-engineering cases have non-linearity. Particularly, the material non-linearity is an important character of geo-engineering cases. Due to the randomness of materials’ spatial variation as well as boundary conditions’ fluctuation, these cases’ study incorporates stochastic theory. Stochastic finite element method is applicable for the randomness. The visco-plasto constitution is helpful for non-linear stochastic FEM application. The algorithm for non-linear stochastic FEM was established.
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Storper, M. "The Spatial and Temporal Constitution of Social Action: A Critical Reading of Giddens." Environment and Planning D: Society and Space 3, no. 4 (December 1985): 407–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/d030407.
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A number of social theorists have attempted to elaborate poststructuralist analytics that capture the dialectics of social structure and human agency. Giddens proposes a ‘general theory’, centered on the notion of ‘structuration’. He is particularly important to geography because he suggests that the spatiality of social practices belongs at the center of social theory and historical analysis. Systems of social practices are defined by their time–space characteristics. There are problems in the corpus of Giddens's work that require attention, however, before such a theory can be fully viable. These include: Giddens's derogation of intentional action in favor of practical knowledge; his notion that structure is ‘instantiated’; his concept of power; his treatment of material resources; and his lack of attention to discursive strategies. From an examination of these areas of Giddens's work, it can be seen that he advances several, inconsistent, theories of social change. In a reinvigorated theoretical human geography, based on the analysis of interaction in time and space, these problem areas must be tackled.
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Farías, Ignacio. "Tourist Maps as Diagrams of Destination Space." Space and Culture 14, no. 4 (January 11, 2011): 398–414. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1206331210392682.
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Tourist maps cannot be understood as signs or symbolic representations of an already constituted destination space. They are spatial devices playing an active role in the constitution of such space. To grasp this generative capacity, the author proposes conceiving tourist maps as diagrams, in the sense first introduced by Foucault and further developed by Deleuze and Guattari. Looking at very diverse tourist maps of Berlin and relying on selected spatial theory, this article examines four diagrammatic operations through which tourist maps constitute destination space: extending matter, edging experience, placing objects, and folding displacement. The article concludes by assessing the virtual ontological status of the space thus constituted.
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PROZOROV, SERGEI. "The other as past and present: beyond the logic of ‘temporal othering’ in IR theory." Review of International Studies 37, no. 3 (July 13, 2010): 1273–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0260210510000586.
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AbstractThe article ventures a critique of the logic of ‘temporal othering’ in contemporary International Relations (IR) theory. Originally articulated in the field of European integration, this logic presupposes a possibility for a political community to constitute its identity without any spatial delimitation by means of casting as Other its own past, whose repetition in the future it seeks to avoid. While the image of contemporary Europe as ‘othering’ its own past has been subjected to empirical criticism, this article makes a conceptual argument for the indissociability of temporal and spatial aspects in any act of othering. Drawing on Alexandre Kojève's reading of Hegel, I argue that any historical action is necessarily spatiotemporal, combining the abstraction of temporal negation with the concrete actuality of a negated spatial being. Alternatives to the logic of sovereign territoriality are therefore not to be sought in the temporal aspect of othering, but rather by pursuing the possibility of self-constitution in the absence of any negating action whatsoever. The article concludes with an outline of such an alternative ethos, developed on the basis of Giorgio Agamben's reconstruction of the Hegelian-Kojèvian problematic of the end of history and his theory of the subject.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Constitutional spatial theory"
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Rochow, Neville Grant. "Human dignity and constitutional spatial theory: towards an Australian framework for the resolution of conflicts in equality rights and religious liberties claims." Thesis, 2021. https://hdl.handle.net/2440/135390.
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This thesis seeks to resolve a particular problem in the Australian human rights regime—the conflict between the legal right to equal treatment and the conscientious claim to a right to refuse equal treatment. A right may be claimed to discriminate in respect of protected attributes in exception to the legal right to equality. The problem arises when vendors of goods or services claim that as a manifestation of their religious liberty, they have the right to refuse to deal with customers who possess a protected attribute because to do so would offend their conscientiously-held objections in relation to that attribute. Whether and how such a right should be granted in diminution of the right to equal treatment thus creates a problem. Despite legislation and litigation seeking some form of balance between liberty and equality, the problem remains unresolved and appears incapable of resolution. The only solution suggested to date has been the creation of further exceptions and ad hoc exemptions to equality laws permitting discrimination in cases where the conscience is impinged. An ideal solution to the problem should be guided by sufficiently clear principles that avoids the need to call upon the legislature for amendments to cater for new categories of conscientious objection or for the courts to resolve ongoing interpretational disputes. Solutions that require either ongoing legislative amendment or judicial intervention are unlikely to provide an efficient, durable, workable solution to the problem. Can religious freedom be protected in Australia without the need for the continual creation of conscientious exceptions to equality laws? And, if so, under what theoretical framework? The answer to the first question is ‘yes’. In answer to the second, a theoretical framework is to be found in ‘constitutional spatial theory’, the elements of which are outlined in the thesis. The principal element, human dignity, is all but completely absent in the Australian regime. This thesis argues that the need to provide for ongoing exceptions and exemptions can be overcome. Introducing a concept of ‘constitutional space’ would provide the missing principled rationale by limitation of rights and freedoms to their allocated spaces, avoiding encroachment upon other rights. It would also break the current mendicant cycle of advocacy, begging for a place for religious freedom in the current paradigm of exemptions. The resolution is presented in four stages to produce a novel system for dealing with human rights in Australia and resolving the conflict identified in respect of religious freedom: 1. The first stage is the formulation of a hypothesis that there can be a theoretical framework, not previously applied to the problem in Australia, involving the constitutional spatial theory and the principle of human dignity, which can be tested in three ways. 2. The second stage is the first test of the hypothesis—namely, whether such a theory can be formulated. 3. The third stage is the second test of the hypothesis—namely, whether the theory can embrace human dignity as a part of its resolution of the problem. 4. The fourth stage is the third test of the hypothesis—namely, whether the theory, embracing human dignity, can provide, first, a constitutional space for religious freedom and, secondly, a durable solution to the problem without creating exceptions and ad hoc exemptions to equality laws for conscience. The thesis presents a novel framework. That framework, first, enshrines human dignity as the dominant and guiding principle; secondly, it guarantees rights by a constitutionally entrenched bill of rights, creating a new constitutional space for religious freedom; and thirdly, it finally resolves the clash of discrimination and equality by the invocation of the Hohfeldian rights theory.Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Law, 2022
Books on the topic "Constitutional spatial theory"
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Damen, Mario, and Kim Overlaet, eds. Constructing and Representing Territory in Late Medieval and Early Modern Europe. NL Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789463726139.
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In recent political and constitutional history, scholars seldom specify how and why they use the concept of territory. In research on state formation processes and nation building, for instance, the term mostly designates an enclosed geographical area ruled by a central government. Inspired by ideas from political geographers, this book explores the layered and constantly changing meanings of territory in late medieval and early modern Europe before cartography and state formation turned boundaries and territories into more fixed (but still changeable) geographical entities. Its central thesis is that analysing the notion of territory in a premodern setting involves analysing territorial practices: practices that relate people and power to space(s). The book not only examines the construction and spatial structure of premodern territories but also explores their perception and representation through the use of a broad range of sources: from administrative texts to maps, from stained glass windows to chronicles.
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Gebeye, Berihun Adugna. A Theory of African Constitutionalism. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192893925.001.0001.
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This book asks and seeks to answer why we need a theory for African constitutionalism and how this could offer us better theoretical and practical tools with which to understand, improve, and assess African constitutionalism on its own terms. By locating constitutional studies in Africa within the experiences, interactions, and contestations of power and governance beginning in precolonial times, the book presents the development and transformation of African constitutional systems across time and place, along with the attendant constitutional designs and practices ranging from the nature and operation of the African state to its vertical and horizontal government structures, to its constitutional rights regime. It offers both a theoretically and comparatively rich, historically and contextually informed, and temporally and spatially extensive account of the nature, travails, and incremental successes of African constitutionalism with detailed case studies from Nigeria, Ethiopia, and South Africa on important themes like federalism, executive power, and women’s rights. The book aims to bring a new global conversation with a richly African experience as a comparative resource in reimagining the purpose, substance, and scope of constitutions and constitutionalism.
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Sheppard, Eric. Heterodoxy as Orthodoxy: Prolegomenon for a Geographical Political Economy. Edited by Gordon L. Clark, Maryann P. Feldman, Meric S. Gertler, and Dariusz Wójcik. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198755609.013.9.
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For most geographers, thinking geographically about the economy means something very different than for mainstream/geographical economists: what is heterodox for the latter constitutes geographers’ orthodoxy. Nineteen propositions about geographical political economy demonstrate how thinking geographically disrupts core propositions about capitalism in mainstream economic theory. The spatiotemporality and relational nature of inter-sectoral commodity production, shaped by the socio-spatial dialectic, implies that commodity production generally is far from equilibrium, (re)produces uneven geographical development, and cannot be divorced from political processes. With respect to exchange, markets are socio-spatial constructs, profit rates are positive, free trade is inequalizing, and financialization matters. With respect to distribution, globalizing capitalism (re)produces socio-spatial inequality, an outcome modulated by the necessity of llabour politics and state intervention. Trajectories of globalizing capitalism co-evolve also with cultural and biophysical processes: its constitutional failure to deliver on the promise of equal opportunity for all makes it necessary to countenance more-than-capitalist alternatives.
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Gurukkal, Rajan. History and Theory of Knowledge Production. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199490363.001.0001.
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This book seeks to provide an introductory outline of the history and theory of knowledge production, notwithstanding the vastness of the subject. It is to try and do a history of intellectual formation or history of ideas. One can see it as a textbook of historical epistemology, which in spatio-temporal terms historicizes knowledge production and contextualizes methodological development. It addresses itself as the historical process of the social constitution of knowledge, that is, the social history of the making of knowledge. Its objective is to make researchers of knowledge knowledgeable about the significant elements that underlie the history of knowledge. These elements constitute contemporary compulsions that make, shape, and regulate knowledge. Understanding what they mean and how they work is essential to prepare researchers as self-consciously realistic about the socio-economic and cultural process of knowledge production. What forces engender knowledge, how certain forms of it acquire precedence over the rest, and why are questions examined. Who decides what knowledge means or what should be recognized as knowledge becomes important here. We confine the discussion of knowledge systems to the broad heads, namely, the non-European, specifically the Indian and the European. Examining the process of the rise of science and new science, the book ends up reviewing speculative thoughts and imagination about the dynamics of subatomic micro-universe as well as the mechanics of the galactic macro-universe.
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Da Costa, Dia. Conclusion. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252040603.003.0010.
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The conclusion draws out main findings and contributions of a book that provides historical, spatial and ethnographic specificity to creative economy discourses and their critiques. It calls for provincializing creative economy discourses everywhere that they circulate; charting out and seeing the relational constitution of what counts as creativity in hegemonic and unrecognized creative practices; and attending to a visceral materialism that traces the complex formation of embodied knowledge produced in structures of production, rule and feeling. Ultimately, the praxis of the two troupes and the creative, transformative potential embedded in their suffering, despair and pessimism not only indicates and explains their hunger called theater, it also reminds us to reimagine creative economy in the image of creativity rather than the other way around.
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Brenner, Neil. New Urban Spaces. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190627188.001.0001.
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The urban condition is today being radically transformed. Urban restructuring is accelerating, new urban spaces are being consolidated, and new forms of urbanization are crystallizing. How can these transformations be deciphered? In this book, critical urban theorist Neil Brenner argues that confronting this challenge requires not only intensive research on urban restructuring but new theories of urbanization. To this end, Brenner proposes an approach that breaks with inherited conceptions of the urban as a bounded settlement unit—the city or the metropolis—and explores the multiscalar constitution, political mediation, and ongoing rescaling of the capitalist urban fabric, from the local and the regional to the national and the planetary. New Urban Spaces offers a paradigmatic account of how rescaling processes are transforming inherited formations of urban life, the role of multiscalar state spatial strategies in animating them, and their variegated consequences for emergent patterns and pathways of urbanization. The book also advances an understanding of critical urban theory as radically revisable: key urban concepts, methods, and cartographies must be continually reinvented in relation to the relentlessly mutating worlds of urbanization they aspire to illuminate.
Book chapters on the topic "Constitutional spatial theory"
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Hinich, Melvin J., and Michael C. Munger. "Spatial Theory." In Readings in Public Choice and Constitutional Political Economy, 295–304. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-75870-1_18.
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Hirschl, Ran. "Cities in Federal Systems." In Cities in Federal Constitutional Theory, 76—C4.N*. Oxford University PressOxford, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192843272.003.0005.
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Abstract This chapter considers two questions concerning the constitutional status of cities in federal systems. First, what is the significance of the federal/unitary distinction in determining the constitutional status of cities? It is suggested, in a nutshell, that the evidence is mixed and inconclusive, and that ultimately the Global North/Global South distinction, and in particular the tendency towards stagnation in the former versus a tendency towards innovation in the latter appears more significant than the federal/unitary dimension in assessing the constitutional status of cities. Second, what do national constitutions say about the urban/rural divide—one of the most significant factors in contemporary politics—and how significant is the federal/unitary dimension in addressing that challenge? Here too, the data suggest that despite the central place of subsidiarity and local autonomy in federalism theory, the constitutions of federal countries are no more likely than the constitutions of unitary states to commit to addressing the urban/rural divide. This in turn raises the possibility that federal constitutional theory’s preoccupation with traditional subnational unit boundaries may in fact lead to conceptual rigidity and institutional path dependence when it comes to addressing new spatial challenges such as urban agglomeration, the rise of megacities, or the increasing salience of the urban/rural divide. It may also suggest that whether federalism is favourable or unfavourable to cities is merely an auxiliary question to other more pertinent factors such as the North/South distinction, constitutional ‘newness’ or malleability, and concerted political will to constitutionally strengthen cities.
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Hirschl, Ran. "The Sound of Constitutional Silence." In City, State, 17–50. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190922771.003.0002.
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This chapter examines four introductory dimensions of the political and constitutional discourse around cities. The first is the tremendous interest in cities throughout much of the human sciences as contrasted with the silence of public law in general, and of comparative constitutional law in particular. Next, the chapter takes a look at the dominant statist stance embedded in constitutional law, in particular as it addresses sovereignty and spatial governance of the polity. A brief account of what national constitutions actually say about cities, and more significantly what they do not is then given. Finally, the chapter turns to the tendency in political discourse on collective identity to understand the “local” almost exclusively at the national or regional levels, rather than distinguishing urban interests from those of the state. Taken together, the four angles of city constitutional (non)status examined here highlight the bewildering silence of contemporary constitutional discourse with respect to cities and urbanization, as well as the strong statist outlook embedded in national constitutional orders, effectively rendering the metropolis a constitutionally non-tenable entity.
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Hirschl, Ran. "Rethinking City Constitutional Status." In City, State, 173–232. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190922771.003.0006.
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This chapter explores key arguments for assigning greater constitutional status and standing to cities and their residents. It suggests that existing arguments for enhanced city power do not acknowledge or appreciate the full scope of urban centers’ constitutional powerlessness, and overlook crucial aspects of urban agglomeration, in particular in the Global South. To address these shortcomings, this chapter develops six fresh arguments for extending constitutional status to cities that have not been given due attention in the pertinent literature. These include considerations of electoral parity, economic inequality, the right to housing, climate change, density, diversity, democratic stakeholding, federalism and subsidiarity, all pointing to an acute need for a modified spatial conceptualization of the city in the constitutional state. En route, the chapter explores several constitutional designs that may remedy the systemic underrepresentation of urban voters while providing suitable voice to rural area constituencies.
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Bainbridge, William Sims. "Virtual Nations." In Electronic Constitution, 224–41. IGI Global, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-60566-254-1.ch014.
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Virtual worlds are computer environments in which large numbers of human beings may interact, do useful work for each others, and build enduring social connections. For example, in World of Warcraft an estimated nine million subscribers form short-term action-oriented groups and long-term guilds, employing a variety of software tools to manage division of labor, spatial distributions, activity planning, individual reputations, and channels of communication, to accomplish a variety of often complex goals. A broader system of essentially permanent allegiances, comparable to current national governments and major corporations, frames the volatile forming and dissolving of small and medium-sized cooperative groups. New social technologies have a clear potential to supplement and render more flexible the existing structures of government, but they may also represent a significantly new departure in human social organization. The chapter will describe the diversity of information technology tools used to support social cooperation in virtual worlds, and then explain how they could be adapted to mediate in new ways between government and its citizens.
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Renschler, Katrin, and Eva Gerharz. "The challenge of mastering one’s own future—Students’ negotiations of mobility in Meghalaya, Northeast India." In Universities as Transformative Social Spaces, 87–114. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192865571.003.0004.
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Using the narratives of students enrolled at the North-Eastern Hill University (NEHU) in Meghalaya, this article reveals different forms of mobility at work. It shows how spatial and social movements intersect and how they shape the constitution of individual future plans. We demonstrate how students navigate the social spaces of the university and analyse how they renegotiate social relations. Particularly, we explore the ways in which students relate to people located in different places and how they construct translocal social spaces. These spaces are constituted by (im)mobile practices and also through confrontations with ethnic and religious differences. At university, students experience new sources of inspiration and the need to reposition themselves in relation to the different social and spatial constellations with which they engage. Furthermore, we show how the students develop aspirations of their own futures, in accordance with their present world, and the one they anticipate to come.
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Heath-Kelly, Charlotte. "Mutating disaster space: itinerant death at the Ground Zero Mosque and Bali bombsite." In Death and Security. Manchester University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.7228/manchester/9781784993139.003.0006.
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This chapter explores civil society activism around bombsite reconstruction in Bali and Manhattan, during delays in post-disaster reconstruction. Organisations have protested against potential profane usage of post-terrorist space in both cases, and in the process they have inadvertently and implicitly made spatial claims about ‘sacred’ space. This chapter explores the Ground Zero Mosque (park 51) controversy, the transportation of debris from the twin towers to a Staten Island landfill site, and the Bali Peace Park campaign to reclaim the Bali bombing site, to explore how activism causes bombsites to mutate, expand and contract in their spatial constitution. The chapter interprets the civil society activism around bombsites through cultural geography to argue that mortality remains an itinerant force of anxiety until post-terrorist landscapes are rebuilt.
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Avsec, Franci. "Slovenia: In Search of a Sensitive Balance between Economic, Social, and Ecological Functions of Agricultural Land and Rural Areas." In Acquisition of Agricultural Lands : Cross-Border Issues from a Central European Perspective, 293–334. Central European Academic Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54171/2022.jesz.aoalcbicec_12.
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The Slovenian Constitution guarantees the right to private property and inheritance; emphasizes the economic, social, and environmental functions of property and grants special protection to agricul- tural land. According to these provisions, middle-sized family farms are protected against division so that they are, in principle, inherited by a single testamentary or intestate heir, while the number of other heirs and their inheritance shares are reduced. The legal transfer of agricultural land, forests, and farms is subject to several substantial restrictions and prior administrative control. After a general prohibition to divide the protected farms inter vivos was lifted in spring 2022, the disposal of protected farms has been less restricted, but the number of protected farms is expected to decrease. The legislation on agricultural land, protected farms, forests, and agricultural communities, as well as on nature conservation, water, cultural heritage protection, and spatial planning, regulate several preemption rights, of which two or more concur in many a case. To prevent the circumvention of statutory preemption rights, conclusion donation contracts are also restricted. In certain cases, the physical division of agricultural and forest plots is prohibited by the law. Lease contracts of agricul- tural land are also regulated by some special provisions (relating to prelease rights, minimum lease period, and so on) and subject to prior administrative control. The current legislation and interna- tional treaties allow citizens and legal persons of certain states (e.g., the EU member states) as well as persons with the status of a Slovene without Slovene citizenship to acquire agricultural land, so that reciprocity is not required. Citizens and legal persons of certain other states may acquire agricultural land based on a legal transaction, inheritance, or a state body’s decision under condition of reciproc- ity, while citizens and legal persons of all other states may acquire agricultural land only on the basis of inheritance and under a condition of reciprocity. The statutory provisions on the legal transfer of agricultural land and holdings have been assessed several times by the Constitutional Court from the standpoint of constitutional right to private property and inheritance; economic, social, and environmental function of property; free economic initiative; rule of law; and the principles of legal certainty and proportionality.
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Clarke, Colin. "Kingston: A Creole Colonial City (1692–1962)." In Decolonizing the Colonial City. Oxford University Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199269815.003.0010.
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In colonial towns—settlements founded or developed by Western, imperial powers—two or more ‘cities’ usually exist: ‘the indigenous, ‘‘tradition-orientated’’ settlement, frequently manifesting the characteristics of the ‘‘pre-industrial city’’, and on the other hand, the ‘‘new’’ or ‘‘western’’ city, established as a result of the colonial process’ (King 1976: 5–6). But Caribbean cities gainsay this duality. Caribbean societies have virtually no pre- European inhabitants, and the non-Western elements in their cultures are no more indigenous than the traits of their white elites. Caribbean cities are quintessentially colonial, products of early mercantilism. Their creole (local or American) cultural characteristics were fashioned in the Caribbean by white sugar planters, merchants, and administrators who enslaved the blacks they imported from Africa, and with them bred a hybrid group—the free coloured people (Braithwaite 1971). Caribbean colonial cities are characterized by a morphological unity imposed by Europeans, yet their social and spatial structures have been compartmentalized by these creole social divisions (Clarke 1975a; Goodenough 1976; Welch 2003) Caribbean societies have been moulded by colonialism, the sugar plantation and slavery. These historical factors have also been underpinned by insularity, which facilitated occupation, exploitation, and labour control— and implicated port cities in such seaborne activities as sugar export and slave-labour recruitment. Accordingly, four themes provide the organizational framework for this chapter on Kingston, the principal city of Jamaica, during the colonial period: the economy, population, colour-class-culture stratification, and the spatial aspects of the city’s organization. The themes relate to different scales: the urban economy expresses the global aspects of commercial transactions; population and race-class stratification refer to the juxtaposition of different populations and cultures within colonial society; these socio-economic structures give rise to distinctive spatial configurations within the urban community. By 1800 Kingston was the major city and port of the largest British colony in the Caribbean, and its multiracial population was rigidly stratified into legal estates. Since the early nineteenth century, Jamaica has experienced a sequence of clearly identified historical events—slave emancipation in 1834, equalization of the sugar duties after 1845, a workers’ riot in 1938, and a slow process of constitutional decolonization after 1944, leading up to independence in 1962. This chapter is therefore organized around three major periods in Caribbean history—slavery (1692–1838), emancipation and the postemancipation period (1838–1944), and constitutional decolonization (1944– 62).
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McCarthy, Erin. "The Space of the Self." In The Paideia Archive: Twentieth World Congress of Philosophy, 26–32. Philosophy Documentation Center, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/wcp20-paideia199815300.
Full textAbstract:
In this paper, I will first examine the spatial aspect of self as found in Watsuji Tetsuro’s Climate and Culture. My study will focus almost entirely on the first chapter of this work where Watsuji sets out his theory of climate. I will then turn to his recently translated Ethics and examine the spatiality of the self as ningen, concentrating mainly on Chapter Nine, "The Spatiality of a Human Being." I do not pretend to give a full account of Watsuji’s philosophy, but hope to raise questions in order to think of space and self in a different manner, recognizing space as an essential element in the constitution of a concept of self — one forgotten in Heidegger’s Being and Time and in many contemporary accounts of personal identity.
Conference papers on the topic "Constitutional spatial theory"
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Malá, Markéta. "English and Czech children’s literature: A contrastive corpus-driven phraseological approach." In Eighth Brno Conference on Linguistics Studies in English. Brno: Masaryk University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/cz.muni.p210-9767-2020-8.
Full textAbstract:
The paper explores the recurrent linguistic patterns in English and Czech children’s narrative fiction and their textual functions. It combines contrastive phraseological research with corpus-driven methods, taking frequency lists and n-grams as its starting points. The analysis focuses on the domains of time, space and body language. The results reveal register-specific recurrent linguistic patterns which play a role in the constitution of the fictional world of children’s literature, specifying its temporal and spatial characteristics, and relating to the communication among the protagonists. The method used also points out typological differences between the patterns employed in the two languages, and the limitations of the n-gram based approach.
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Ojeda Sampson, Alejandra. "The ex Haciendas San Nicolas de Esquiros and Santa Maria del Refugio: their patrimonial in a neoliberal context." In Virtual City and Territory. Barcelona: Centre de Política de Sòl i Valoracions, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/ctv.8156.
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San Nicolas de Esquiros and Santa Maria del Refugio Haciendas emerge from colonial times in Mexico, instituting their communities based on this and the figure of peasant subsumed to that of the authority. Based on its morpho-spatial characteristics and its festivities, communities form what is meaningful for them: their heritage and their identity. Due to the neoliberal economic system they live in social exclusion and economic poverty, having to sell or divide their patrimonial to slightly solve this situation. This has led to the disarticulation of these heritage spaces, thus affecting their being a community. A growth of its hull destruction can be observed as well as pollution of its springs and the transformation of their celebrations. Economic problems are leading them to live in ways that oppose their constitution of identity and because of this condition of submission and poverty, governance still seems far from being handled.
It will be shown how the current economic system has a negative impact on the patrimonial of its populations, thereby harming the social, spatial and identity tissue. The impossibility to state governance for the preservation of its governance will also be displayed.
The method used was the critical dialectics, performing ethnographic work (semi-structured interviews and participant observation), in site readings and works analysis. All of it taken to a database from the two approaches: first the one for discovery and afterwards that of explanation.
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Yamaguchi, Takami, and Hao Liu. "Computational Visualization of External and Internal Biological Flows With Fluid-Wall Interactions." In ASME 1998 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1998-0063.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Most of biologically interesting flows consist of four dimensional (4D), i.e. of three spatial and one temporary dimensions, motion. This is always true regardless it is the internal or the external biological flow field. In the blood flow, one of representative internal flows, the blood vessel has extremely complex 3D configuration and the flow is highly unsteady due to an oscillatory driving pressure generated by the heart. Respiratory flow, which is another important internal flow in the living animals, is a purely oscillatory flow with null mean in time. The airway is also as complex as the vascular system in its configuration and constitution. External flow phenomena are not exceptions to this. Flows passing over wings of flying animals and fins of swimming animals are also strongly unsteady due to oscillatory motion of these propelling structures. The shape of wings and fins is far from simple and their motion is complex in the spatial three dimensions.
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Isabel Oliver, María. "Resiliency: It Goes Beyond the Hair." In 2018 ACSA International Conference. ACSA Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.35483/acsa.intl.2018.11.
Full textAbstract:
In the January article of The Guardian News ‘How Hurricane Maria forced Puerto Ricans to change their hair’, author Norbert Figueroa reflects on the devastating effects of the category four storm in the US territory. Besides the aftermath caused by floodwaters, massive electric shortage, and structural damages, Figueroa revealed how Hurricane Maria forced adaptations to everyday life, including the way Puerto Ricans styled their hair. Extreme conditions of heat and humidity, exacerbated by the lack of electric power, lead to the acceptance of natural hairdos, to the creation of sidewalk barber shops, and to the formalization of an underground economy where haircuts in the form of currency, were exchanged for power generators. Figueroa’s simple but complex observation is critical in the revelation of creative self-organizing assemblages at the face of concealed realities. If the simple act of hair restructuring convokes taxonomical categorizations, ingenious adaptabilities, spatial re-conceptualizations, and the creation of new underground economies, why isn’t architecture transcending its heteronomous condition to achieve ‘resilient’ solutions? If resilience is defined as ‘the ability of objects to spring back into shape’ after being deformed,’ does it exclude the notion of ‘predictability’? This paper does not bring to the fore the discursivity that the resilient discourse entails, but it is an attempt to question its interpretations and trivial meanings within a ‘utopian’ model that fails to come to terms with the constitution of the physical realm.
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Santos, Angela Moulin Penalva, and Pedro Henrique Ramos Prado Vasques. "Property tax as urban planning instrument in large cities: the Brazilian experience." In Virtual City and Territory. Barcelona: Centre de Política de Sòl i Valoracions, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/ctv.8159.
Full textAbstract:
There is an ongoing process of increasing urbanization of the world population with socio-spatial polarization in large cities. Such population density increases the competition for urban land, arousing crescent ground rent generation from the central areas, where there is greater availability of urban infrastructure. The outcome of this process has been an extensive growth of these cities, generating costs for the low-income population, forced to take longer trips to get to work centers. It is also represents a cost increment for public administration, responsible for the expansion of urban infrastructure networks. One among the various instruments to face these costs is the urban real estate taxation, which can also fulfill an extra fiscal function, when used to regulate land use.
In this article, we aim to analyze urban policy in Brazil regarding the use of the property taxation instrument, arguing its effectiveness in controlling land use. This was an important innovation introduced by the 1988 Federal Constitution and it is associated with private property defense as long as it fulfills its social function. Under these conditions, the main tax levied on real estate assets in Brazil, the Urban Building and Land Tax (IPTU), would be used as an urban policy instrument by foreseeing the possibility of using different rates according to the land's condition (built or not), its destination (residential or commercial), and also predicting progressive rates for properties that do not comply with the social function. Our study takes as reference municipalities with population over 200,000 inhabitants.