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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Constitutinal history'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 28 July 2024

Last updated: 30 July 2024

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1

Joseph, Rosara. "The war prerogative : history, reform and constitutional design." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2011. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:9b7c6ac7-6c0e-4a84-ac01-bd11732d0ef8.

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This thesis studies the evolution of the war prerogative in England from 1600-2010. It traces the historical theory and practice of the war prerogative and proposes reform of the constitutional arrangements for its exercise. It addresses three key questions. First, what have writers on political and constitutional theory said about the constitutional arrangements for the war prerogative, and, in particular, what justifications have been advanced for those arrangements? Secondly, in practice, has the executive in fact possessed sole and exclusive powers over war and the deployment of force, or have Parliament and the courts had a role to play in their exercise and scrutiny? Thirdly, are there better ways to organise our constitutional arrangements for the war prerogative, to enable a more substantive role for Parliament (particularly the House of Commons) in its exercise and scrutiny? On the first question, I show that orthodox theoretical and political discourses have continuously asserted the executive’s exclusive power over war, but the justifications advanced for that arrangement have changed over time. Those changes reflect the varying influence of different political theories at different times. On the second question, I find that, contrary to orthodox theoretical and political discourses, Parliament has played an active and substantive role in the exercise and scrutiny of the war prerogative. The courts have refused to intervene in the exercise of the war prerogative, but have been more ready to intervene in cases involving the exercise of powers incidental to the war prerogative. On the third question, I argue that reform of the constitutional arrangements for the war prerogative is necessary and desirable. I recommend the use of ‘institutional mechanisms’, which are small-scale rules and institutional arrangements, within existing institutions, which aim to promote certain normative goals. In particular, I propose a statute which would impose conditions on the executive’s exercise of its war prerogative. I argue that these proposals show that, through careful institutional design, democratic values, national security and operational efficiency can each be reconciled and promoted.

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Ng, Kin-yuen. "Constitutional developments in China and Japan from the mid 19th century to the early 20th century." [Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong], 1992. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B13280181.

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3

Thompson, Bankole. "The constitutional history and law of Sierra Leone (1961-1995) /." Lanham (Md.) : University Press of America, 1997. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb389022691.

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4

Mayo-Bobee, Dinah. "Debating the Electoral College at the Constitutional Convention." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2017. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/737.

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Dr. Dinah Mayoo-Bobee, Assistant Professor, Department of History, East Tennessee State University, will address one of today’s hot topics at its inception and other issues which confronted the forefathers of our country.

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5

Preibusch, Sophie Charlotte. "Verfassungsentwicklungen im Reichsland Elsass-Lothringen 1871-1918 : Integration durch Verfassungsrecht? /." Berlin : BWV, Berliner Wissenschafts-Verlag, 2006. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=016543635&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.

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6

Ng, Kin-yuen, and 吳健源. "Constitutional developments in China and Japan from the mid 19th century to the early 20th century." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1992. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31950395.

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7

Mercado, Thornton Rebecca. "Constituting Women's Experiences in Appalachian Ohio: A Life History Project." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1339616463.

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8

Cable, Kasey Elizabeth. "The War Powers Resolution: Reassessing the Constitutional Balance of Power." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2009. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/224.

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This thesis is an analysis of the War Powers Resolution of 1973 and the impact it held on the role of Congress and the President in entering war. More specifically, this thesis takes a look at President Richard M. Nixon’s influence on the 93rd Congress’s decision to pass the War Powers Resolution after multiple failed attempts at similar legislation. Through a major domestic policy blunder, the Watergate break-in, and a foreign policy disaster, the on-going war in Vietnam, opposition to Nixon’s presidential conduct united both the House and the Senate and resulted in legislation that would attempt to restore the Constitutional balance of power.

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9

Staggers, Elijah T. "Dred Scott v. Sandford| The African-American Self-Identity Through Constitutional Hermeneutics." Thesis, Georgetown University, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10104386.

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In Dred Scott v. Sandford, Chief Justice Roger Taney spoke for the majority of the United States Supreme Court to declare that Blacks were not constituent members of the American political sovereignty, but rather they were “beings of an inferior order, altogether unfit to associate with the white race” and they “had no rights which the white man was bound to respect.” Through engaging in a critical inquiry of constitutional hermeneutics, Blacks looked to the Constitution to deduce their collective identity. However, when they looked in the constitutional mirror, they saw a broken reflection. By evaluating the existential dichotomy of the African-American self-identity revealed in the responses to the Dred Scott decision, this research argues that the African-American self-identity was broken by the Supreme Court’s declaration that they were neither citizens nor people under the Constitution; however, in the face of the Dred Scott decision, the African-American self-identity used the very document which denied their right to exist, to galvanize a unique identity capturing their oppression, and the hope to realize their deprived liberty.

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10

Drake, Thomas. "Eyewitness to History in Devolution of Democracy and Constitutional Rights Following 9/11." Thesis, Walden University, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10284227.

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Many researchers and political experts have commented on the disenfranchisement of the citizenry caused by irresponsible use of power by the government that potentially violates the 4^th Amendment rights of millions of people through secret mass surveillance programs. Disclosures of this abuse of power are presumably protected by the 1^st Amendment, though when constitutional protections are not followed by the government, the result can be prosecution and imprisonment of whistleblowers. Using a critical autoethnographic approach, the purpose of this study was to examine the devolution of democratic governance and constitutional rights in the United States since 9/11. Using the phenomena of my signature indictment (the first whistleblower since Daniel Ellsberg was charged under the Espionage Act) and prosecution by the U.S. government, data were collected through interviews with experts associated with this unique circumstance. These data, including my own recollections of the event, were inductively coded and subjected to a thematic analysis procedure. The findings revealed that the use of national security as the primary grounds to suppress democracy and the voices of whistleblowers speaking truth to, and about, power increased authoritarian tendencies in government. These tendencies gave rise to extra-legal autocratic behavior and sovereign state control over the institutions of democratic governance. Positive social change can only take place in a society that has robust governance and social structures that strengthen democracy, human rights, and the rule of law, and do not inhibit or suppress them.

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11

Saccone, Giuseppe Mario. "The role of A Dialogue in Hobbes's conception of law and legal history." Thesis, University of Exeter, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.240761.

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12

Cox, Rafael A. "Evolution not revolution : the constitutional decolonisation of the Eastern Caribbean 1962-1967." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.369586.

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13

De, Thy Ludovic. "L’écriture des lois constitutionnelles de 1875 : La fondation de l’ordre constitutionnel de la IIIe République." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017UBFCF004/document.

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14

Versteeg, Mila. "Words of liberty : the origins and evolution of constitutional ideas." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.669950.

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It has become almost universal practice for countries to adopt written constitutions that include a bill of rights. Yet we know little about the origins and evolution of the practice of constitution-writing on a global scale. Are bills of rights defining statements of the nation’s character and identity? Or are they more standardized documents that are similar across countries, and vary only at the margins? Are substantive constitutional features rooted in the society for which they are written, or are they borrowed from elsewhere? What are the origins of the world’s “words of liberty”? This thesis presents the first-ever systematic substantive exploration of the world’s written constitutions. It introduces a new database, based on the coding of the constitutions of 188 countries, for the period 1946-2006. With this data, it explores the historical trajectory of the world’s written constitutions and offers explanations for their substantive content. This thesis's most important finding is that constitutions are inherently “transnational” documents. As it turns out, substantive constitutional choices are remarkably unrelated to local needs and values. Constitutions do not express identity or national character. Instead, the most important predictor of whether any particular country adopts any particular constitutional provision is whether other countries previously did the same thing. Constitutions do not tell stories of the nation’s history, but rather tell stories of transnational interactions and international politics. As a result, constitutions have become at least partly standardized documents that vary along a small number of underlying dimensions. But this thesis also shows that not all constitutions are the same, and that there exists no evidence of a global constitutional convergence. Instead, the world’s constitutions divide in a limited number of constitutional families. This thesis is not currently available in ORA.

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15

Olsson, Jan. "A crucial watershed in Southern Rhodesian politics : The 1961 Constitutional process and the 1962 General Election." Thesis, Högskolan på Gotland, Institutionen för humaniora och samhällsvetenskap, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hgo:diva-923.

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The thesis examines the political development in Southern Rhodesia 1960-1962 when two processes, the 1961 Constitutional process and the 1962 General Election, had far-reaching consequences for the coming twenty years. It builds on a hypothesis that the Constitutional process led to a radicalisation of all groups, the white minority, the African majority and the colonial power. The main research question is why the ruling party, United Federal Party (UFP) after winning the referendum on a new Constitution with a wide margin could lose the ensuing election one year later to the party, Rhodesian Front (RF) opposing the constitution. The examination is based on material from debates in the Legal Assembly and House of Commons (UK), minutes of meetings, newspaper articles, election material etc. The hypothesis that the Constitutional process led to a radicalization of the main actors was partly confirmed. The process led to a focus on racial issues in the ensuing election. Among the white minority UFP attempted to develop a policy of continued white domination while making constitutional concessions to Africans in order to attract the African middle class. When UFP pressed on with multiracial structural reforms the electorate switched to the racist RF which was considered bearer of the dominant settler ideology. Among the African majority the well educated African middleclass who led the Nationalist movement, changed from multiracial reformists in late 1950‟s to majority rule advocates. After rejecting the 1961 Constitution they anew changed from constitutional reformists to supporter of an armed struggle. Britain‘s role was ambivalent trying to please all actors, the Southern Rhodesian whites and Africans but also the international opinion. However, it seems to have been its own neo colonial interests that finally determined their position and its fault in the move towards Unilateral Declaration of Independence and the civil war was huge. On the main research question the analysis points to two reasons. Firstly, the decision by the Nationalists to boycott the election and the heavy-handed actions they took to achieve this goal created a white back-lash against the ruling party and the loss of the second vote advantage. Secondly, when the ruling party decided to make the repeal of the Land Apportionment Act a key election issue they lost not only indifferent voters but also a major part of its normal electorate. They threatened the Settler State‟s way of life for the white minority.

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16

Kühne, Jörg-Detlef. "Die Reichsverfassung der Paulskirche Vorbild und Verwirklichung im späteren deutschen Rechtsleben /." Frankfurt am Main : A. Metzner, 1985. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/13914422.html.

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17

Harvey, Sean Patrick. "Commonwealth: Republican Rhetoric in the Pennsylvania Constitutional Convention of 1837-38." W&M ScholarWorks, 2002. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539626367.

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18

Kwon, Chan Doo. "Reassessing Korean legal culture and the rule of law : legal history, constitutional review and negotiations." Phd thesis, Faculty of Law, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/5994.

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19

Swithinbank, Hannah J. "Talking politics : constructing the res publica after Caesar's assassination /." St Andrews, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/910.

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20

Mason, David (David Mark George). "Burke's political philosophy in his writings on constitutional reform." Thesis, McGill University, 1986. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=66187.

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21

Benedetti, Milincovich Filippo. "The Islamic Republic in Iran. Constitutional Genealogies and Institutional Development 1979-1989." Phd thesis, Australian Catholic University, 2023. https://acuresearchbank.acu.edu.au/download/608dbfe1bcdadf53d5ec2857d28d5194f167b6b4deccb765b38f0d8f951a9ee7/3984822/Benedetti_2024_The_Islamic_Republic_in_Iran_Constitutional.pdf.

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This thesis analyses the political and institutional history of the Islamic Republic of Iran through the categories of “constitutional genealogies” and “institutional development”. The first part consists of two chapters, which focus on the development of Shiite Islam and the constitutional revolution of 1906, when the first constitutional text in the history of Persia was adopted. The second part (chapters 3 and 4) investigates the 1979 revolution, both from a descriptive and analytical point of view, examining the 1979 Constitution and its roots: on the one hand, the Orléanistic dualism coming from the monarchical experience, and on the other Khomeyni’s theological-political doctrine, known as “velayat-e faqih” (“guardianship of the Islamic jurist”). The institutional development of the Islamic Republic in Iran is addressed in the fifth and sixth chapters, which form the third part of the thesis. While the fifth chapter studies Iran’s political and institutional history from 1980 to 1988, assessing the actual constitutional and institutional practice in the country, the sixth chapter focuses on the periodizing moment of 1988-89, as political-institutional caesura generated from Khomeyni’s conceptualization of “absolute guardianship”, the end of the war against Iraq, Khomeyni’s death and the 1989 constitutional amendment process.

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22

Haardt, Oliver F. R. "The federal evolution of Imperial Germany (1871-1918)." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2017. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/269288.

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This dissertation examines the evolution of federal government in the German Empire from the unification in 1871 to the collapse of the monarchy in 1918. The story of how the imperial federal state changed over the years has hitherto been hidden from view by disciplinary biases and methodological limitations. While concentrating on how Germany’s peculiar form of government oscillated between a Western-style constitutional monarchy and a semi-absolutist autocracy, historians have failed to make sense of deeper systemic issues. In order to move these to the centre of analysis, the thesis combines different perspectives from history, law, and political theory. This approach exposes an extraordinary development. The 1871 constitution left Germany’s organisational nature largely undefined. The new national state possessed only very few institutions and competences. There was not even a national government. The Reich completely depended on the constituent states. This weakness was no coincidence. Bismarck’s plan was to secure the dominance of the Prussian monarchy by giving the union enough flexibility to develop either into an integrated composite state or a loose cooperative assembly of states. But the decades after unification turned out differently. By seizing control over the Prussian administration, the federal bureaucracy gradually acquired so many competences that by the outbreak of the First World War Germany had changed into a centralised state. Rather than by the collaboration of the monarchical state governments, national decision-making was now shaped by the competition and cooperation of the federal parliament – the Reichstag – and the newly emerged federal government around the Chancellor. This transformation came about, the thesis argues, because both monarchical and democratic actors – above all the Prussian government, the federal bureaucracy, and the national parliament – saw federal structures primarily as an instrument of power to be manipulated for their own purposes, namely for the preservation of princely prerogatives or for the expansion of parliamentary rights. There was little respect for federalism as an organisational principle that was beneficial per se. Rather, most executives, administrators, and parliamentarians understood Germany’s federal organisation – albeit for different reasons – as a necessary evil and a means to an end. This attitude had a lasting impact on German political culture, with federal structures remaining at the mercy of power interests throughout the twentieth century. The dissertation is woven from three different strands. By combining them, it can draw connections that would not come into view if it concentrated on just one of these themes. First, it is a history of German federalism that focuses on the key question of the political history of the Empire: who or what actually governed Germany? As it thus exposes the anatomy of power in the imperial state, it is also a contribution to one of the biggest controversies in modern European history, namely the debate on Germany’s alleged ‘special path’: where did Germany go wrong? Thirdly and lastly, the thesis offers a systemic analysis of federal structures whose observations are relevant for federal orders – such as the European Union – more generally.

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23

Ballard, Susan Elaine. "Perceiving images : constituting British identities in museums." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2001. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/362440/.

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Fargeaud, Benjamin. "La doctrine constitutionnelle sous la IVe République : Naissance d'une nouvelle génération de constitutionnalistes." Thesis, Paris 2, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA020054.

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En 1945, la période de la Libération devait également être un moment de rénovation pour le droit constitutionnel. Au moment même où la France se dotait d’une nouvelle Constitution, une nouvelle génération de constitutionnalistes accède au devant de la scène. A la génération des « disciples », qui elle-même avait succédé à la génération des fondateurs, succède celle que Marcel Prélot avait baptisée la « troisième génération de constitutionnalistes » et qui devait être la génération des « novateurs ». La rénovation du droit constitutionnel s’avéra toutefois un programme difficile à mettre en œuvre. La IVe République, malgré l’adoption d’une Constitution nouvelle, est rapidement revenue aux pratiques et usages de la IIIe République antérieure, décevant ainsi les espoirs de la doctrine constitutionnelle et les tentatives de façonner un droit constitutionnel propre au nouveau régime. Constatant l’échec du droit constitutionnel à encadrer la vie parlementaire, les constitutionnalistes ont alors délaissé le terrain de la technique constitutionnelle et se sont tournés vers la science politique afin de refonder leur discipline. Si cette voie politiste a permis à la « jeune école de droit public » d’aborder des champs de recherches nouveaux, tels que les partis politiques ou l’histoire des idées politiques, elle l’a toutefois détournée du terrain de la technique constitutionnelle sur lequel allait finalement se jouer la révision constitutionnelle de 1958, qui a consacré la Constitution de la Ve République
In 1945, the Liberation era was supposed to be a time when constitutional law would be renovated. At the very moment where France was adopting a new Constitution, a new generation of constitutional law Professors emerged. From the « disciple » generation which succeeded to « the founders » generation itself, the « Third generation of constitutional law Professors », as Marcel Prélot named them, emerged. It was meant to be the « creative » generation. But renewing constitutional law was not an easy task. Notwithstanding the adoption of a new Constitution, the IVth Republic rapidly came back to the uses and habits of the IIIrd Republic. It therefore disappointed the hopes of the constitutional legal doctrine and its attempts to reshape a specific constitutional law suiting the new regime. Taking note of the failure of constitutional law to frame the parliamentary daily life, constitutional law Professors reoriented their efforts to renew their academic discipline in a way that would get closer to political sciences. This new orientation allowed the « Third generation » to tackle new fields of research, such as political parties or the history of political ideas, but diverted them from a more technical approach. However, it was on the latter that the constitutional revision of 1958 that set out the Constitution of the Vth Republic settled

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25

Monroe, Theresa. "An analysis of canonical aspects of the constitutional history of the Society of the Sacred Heart." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1989. http://www.tren.com.

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Bujadoux, Jean-Félix de. "Rationalisation du parlementarisme en France (XIXe-XXIe siècles)." Thesis, Paris 2, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA020028.

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Le concept de la rationalisation du parlementarisme a été dégagé par Boris Mirkine-Guetzévitch en 1928 à partir de son étude des Constitutions adoptées dans les nouveaux pays européens issus du Traité de Versailles. Il renvoie à une démarche de codification écrite des pratiques et des usages régissant les rapports entre le pouvoir exécutif et les assemblées dans un régime parlementaire, afin de les aménager selon une finalité déterminée.En France, à l’instar d’autres pays européens durant la même période, cette démarche a été poursuivie par les constituants en 1946, puis en 1958. Toutefois, l’idée de rationaliser le parlementarisme en fonction d’une représentation donnée du régime parlementaire a dans notre pays des origines bien antérieures, remontant même au XIXe siècle, à la généralisation du recours à cette technique après la Première, puis la Seconde Guerre mondiale au sein des démocraties parlementaires européennes. En outre, les approches de l’idée de rationalisation, au travers des différents corpus forgés par les acteurs politiques et les publicistes, apparaissent plus denses et nombreuses dans le débat constitutionnel français au point que l’on puisse évoquer des rationalisations du parlementarisme en France et distinguer, dans une classification générale, trois catégories – camérale, gouvernementale et arbitrale – de rationalisation du parlementarisme. Ces trois catégories ont pu être mises en œuvre, alternativement ou cumulativement, en France à la fin de la IIIe, puis sous les IVe et Ve République avec des effets contrastés sur le fonctionnement des institutions. Aujourd’hui, la rationalisation du parlementarisme demeure un des piliers structurants du régime parlementaire français
The concept of the rationalization of parliamentarism was cleared by Boris Mirkine-Guetzévitch in 1928 from his study of the Constitutions adopted in the new European countries from the Treaty of Versailles. It refers to a process of written codification of the practices and usages governing the relationship between the executive power and the assemblies in a parliamentary system, in order to adapt them to a specific purpose.In France, like other European countries during the same period, this process was pursued by the constituents in 1946 and again in 1958. However, the idea of rationalizing parliamentarism according to a given representation of the regime in our country, our parliamentary origins go back much as far back as the nineteenth century to the widespread use of this technique after the First and Second World Wars in European parliamentary democracies.In addition, the approaches of the idea of rationalization, through the different corpora forged by the political actors and the publicists, appear more dense and numerous in the French constitutional debate to the point that one can evoke rationalizations of parliamentarism in France. and distinguish, in a general classification, three categories - cameral, governmental and arbitral - of rationalization of parliamentarism. These three categories could be implemented, alternately or cumulatively, in France at the end of the third, then under the Fourth and Fifth Republic with contrasting effects on the functioning of institutions. Today, the rationalization of parliamentarism remains one of the structuring pillars of the French parliamentary system

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Harms, Katharina. "Verfassungsrecht in Umbruchsituationen /." Baden-Baden : Nomos, 1999. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=015248436&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.

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Knecht, Ingo. "Der Reichsdeputationshauptschluss vom 25. Februar 1803 Rechtmässigkeit, Rechtswirksamkeit und verfassungsgeschichtliche Bedeutung /." Berlin : Duncker & Humblot, 2007. http://books.google.com/books?id=IoqbAAAAMAAJ.

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Grothe, Ewald. "Zwischen Geschichte und Recht : deutsche Verfassungsgeschichtsschreibung 1900-1970 /." München : Oldenbourg, 2005. http://books.google.com/books?id=IpiXAAAAMAAJ.

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30

Dorondo, D. R. "A comparative study of Bavarian federalism 1918-1933, 1945-1949." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.384066.

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Brzezinski, Mark Francis. "The development of constitutionalism in Poland." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.319059.

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32

Bosworth, David. "The view of human nature in the United States constitution as expressed in The federalist papers." Online full text .pdf document, available to Fuller patrons only, 2001. http://www.tren.com.

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33

Wasielewski, Andreas. "Der kurhessische Verfasungskonflikt von 1850 in der Bewertung des Deutschen Konstitutionalismus." Kassel : Verein für hessische Geschichte und Landeskunde e.V, 1990. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/23924336.html.

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34

Jenks, Edward. "The Constitutional experiments of the commonwealth : a study of the years 1649-1660 /." Union, N.J. : Lawbook Exchange, 2002. http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/fy041/00067823.html.

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Highkin, Emily. "Delegate Voting at the 1787 Constitutional Convention: The Entanglement of Economic Interests and the Great Compromise." Oberlin College Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=oberlin1582396815051673.

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Callum, Douglas R. "Soviet society and law : the history of the legal campaign to enforce the constitutional duty to work." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1995. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/6553/.

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In both the 1936 and 1977 USSR Constitutions conscientious labour in socially useful activity was decreed to be a "duty and matter of honour" for every Soviet citizen. This study examines the various approaches adopted by successive Soviet leaderships in their determined efforts to reinforce that ethos. It focuses, in particular, on the so-called "anti-parasite" laws dating back to 1957, when as a part of Khrushchev's attempt to revive popular justice, several smaller republics experimented with enactments that permitted peer justice institutions in the form of amorphous social assemblies to exile "parasites" via a procedure which bypassed the existing court system. Special attention is devoted to the criticism lodged against the laws (during their adoption and spread to the other union republics in 1961) by members of the legal profession, who complained that the wide punitive given to the extra-judicial bodies and the attitudes and behaviour encouraged in them would erode the respect for "socialist legality" which they had been charged with enhancing in the minds of the mass public. Although as a result of such criticism, the Khrushchev regime modified the peer justice institutions in the early 1960's, and even though his populism was absorbed by or subordinated to the normative sector of social control in Brezhnev's legal policy, the study highlights the fact that complaints of abuses and inconsistencies in anti-parasite proceedings continued to be levelled against the prosecution process. This, it is contended, was due in large part to the extreme vagueness of the notion of social parasitism itself, although the lack of a precise and consistent definition of this peculiar offence (and of the key elements which were deemed to constitute it) was actually seen as necessary and even desirable since it allowed the authorities to use the anti-parasite legislation as a weapon of suppression against a broad spectrum of socially, politically, and economically inconvenient groups within Soviet society.

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37

Aroney, Nicholas Theodore 1966. "The Federal Commonwealth of Australia : a study in the formation of its constitution." Monash University, Faculty of Law, 2001. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/8864.

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Schmidt, Christian Hermann. "Vorrang der Verfassung und konstitutionelle Monarchie eine dogmengeschichtliche Untersuchung zum Problem der Normenhierarchie in den deutschen Staatsordnungen im frühen und mittleren 19. Jahrhundert (1818-1866) /." Berlin : Duncker & Humblot, 2000. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/45716296.html.

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Matiatos, Christoforos. "Essai sur la pratique hellénique du droit constitutionnel intermédiaire." Thesis, Paris 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA010284/document.

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Ce travail étudie, dans ses aspects juridiques, le processus des ruptures de continuité constitutionnelle et des dépassements de ces ruptures, au cours de l'histoire de l'État hellénique moderne. Processus par lequel un régime en place disparaît et un autre apparaît. Processus dans lequel la légitimation précède la légalisation. Processus qui réserve un sort varié à l'ordre constitutionnel antérieur et qui s'achève par l'élaboration d'un ordre nouveau. Ce processus s'étend sur une période que l'on pourrait qualifier d' « intermédiaire». La durée de celle-ci peut varier, et il arrive qu'elle soit d'une certaine longueur. Cela fut parfois le cas en Grèce. Mais cette période a son « droit », qui trouve une place dans le droit constitutionnel général, malgré les particularités qui le singularisent
This work studies, in its legal aspects, the process of breaches of constitutional continuity and the way out of them, in the course of the history of the modern Greek State. Process by which a regime in power disappears and another appears. Process in which legitimation precedes legalization. Process that reserves a varied fate to the former constitutional order and ends with the establishment of a new order. This process extends over a period that could be called "intermediate". Its duration varies, and it happens to be of a certain length. This was sometimes the case in Greece. But this period has its "law" that has a place in the general Constitutional Law in spite of its peculiarities that make it particular

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40

Turnbull, Christine Hazel. "The Viceroyalty of Lord Reading, 1921-1926 : with particular reference to the political and constitutional progress of India." Thesis, London Metropolitan University, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.280517.

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Taylor, Kristie A. "Constitutional alcohol Prohibition in the United States: Power, profit and politics." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/289817.

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Why was national alcohol Prohibition repealed in the United States? Prohibition's repeal is unique in several respects. Alcohol Prohibition is the only American drug prohibition to ever be repealed, and the only constitutional amendment to ever be repealed. Furthermore, the volatility of Prohibition policy serves as a useful case for political sociology, which tends to focus on stable policies and government agencies. Prohibition's repeal is important substantively because it is the only American drug prohibition to be repealed. The question of repeal requires examination of several theoretical issues. First, is the process of creating a new policy fundamentally different from the process of dismantling an existing policy? Second, what effect does an exogenous crisis (like World War I or the Great Depression) have on state actor's response to the demands of a social movement? Third, what is the role of elites in a social movement? Fourth, what effect does the implementation of a policy have on those constituencies supporting it? I examine the substantive and theoretical issues of Prohibition's repeal using a variety of primary and secondary sources. National Prohibition resulted from the combined effects of crisis and elite social movement activity. Both were necessary for passage of the 18th Amendment. Implementation of the amendment proved difficult and had a destabilizing effect on Prohibition's supporters. Repeal of Prohibition resulted from the combined effects of implementation and crisis. The passage and repeal of Prohibition were the result of very different processes, suggesting that dismantling a policy is a different kind of political project than creating a policy.

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Johnson, Laurie Ann. "The Suppressions of the "Chicago Times" and the "New York World" and their Constitutional Implications." W&M ScholarWorks, 1985. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539625320.

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Dlamini, Lomakhosi G. "Socio-economic and political constraints on constitutional reform in Swaziland." University of the Western Cape, 2005. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_4327_1197279930.

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This study looked at socio-economic and political constraints on constitutional reform in Swaziland, an independent state with a fully autonomous government that falls under the Monarch who is Head of State. Swaziland maintains strong economic and trading links with South Africa and also maintains such ties with other states, especially in the Southern African Development Community region. Up untill 1973, the country's constitution was Westminister based. This was evoked and replaced with a system designed to facilitate the practice of both western and traditional styles of government. This system incorporated the system known as Tinkhundla and provides for the people to elect candidates to be their parliamentary representatives for specific constituencies.

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McNairn, Jeffrey L. "The capacity to judge public opinion and deliberative democracy in Upper Canada, 1791-1854 /." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp02/NQ27696.pdf.

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Lajoinie, Tamara. "Le référent historique dans le contentieux constitutionnel comparé." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM1063.

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L’histoire a toujours occupé une place singulière au sein des sciences sociales mais qu’en est il de sa place dans le contentieux constitutionnel comparé des démocraties occidentales ? Le présent travail de recherche tendra ainsi à démontrer que la référence à l’histoire est bel et bien présente et qu’elle revêt un impact décisif sur les solutions constitutionnelles effectivement retenues pas le juge comme sur la substance même des droits et libertés fondamentaux. Il apparaîtra, en effet, que l’histoire, jaillissant dans le contentieux constitutionnel sous la forme d’un référent juridique type pouvant faire l’objet d’une systématisation au sein du droit comparé, contribue, par le truchement du juge constitutionnel à l’établissement comme au fonctionnement de l’État de droit contemporain. De la même manière, la symbolique particulière des évènements historiques qui seront mobilisés, c’est à dire leur charge positive ou négative pour l’État de droit, va nourrir la volonté juridictionnelle du juge d’assurer la rupture avec un fait historique tragique ou à l’inverse de conforter un héritage historique glorieux. Juge qui, en dernier analyse, pourra être conduit, conformément au rôle social nouveau que lui confère les démocraties constitutionnelles contemporaines, selon une utilisation soutenue du référent historique, à réparer directement ou plus indirectement les préjudices nés de l’histoire comme à renforcer ou à limiter le sens des droits et libertés fondamentaux devenus historiquement circonstanciés
History has always occupied a singular place within the realm of Social Sciences and the question of its functions in comparative judicial review deserves to be raised. This research intends to demonstrate that the historical argument has a decisive impact on constitutional decisions as well as on the substance of fundamental rights and freedoms. History, being systematized in comparative law, through the form of a standard legal argument, contributes, via constitutional review, to the establishment as well to the operation of the rule oflaw, today. The immediate legal logic of such historical impregnation will be analysed through the work of the judge in the motivation of its decisions. In the same perspective, the singular meaning of historical events and their positive or negative impact, feeds judicial interpretation, either breaking away from a tragic historical event or consolidating a glorious historicalheritage. The judge, in accordance with his new social function recognized in western democracies, is lead to repare directly or indirectly, the damages resulting from historical events as well as to strenghten or limitate the scope of fundamental rights, which appear today, historically situated

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Bose, Feler. "Evolutionary impulses in law." Fairfax, VA : George Mason University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1920/2986.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--George Mason University, 2007.
Title from PDF t.p. (viewed Jan. 17, 2008). Thesis directors: Charles K. Rowley, Duncan Black. Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Economics. Vita: p. 206. Includes bibliographical references (p. 201-203). Also available in print.

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Guttenberg, Karl-Theodor zu. "Verfassung und Verfassungsvertrag : konstitutionelle Entwicklungsstufen in den USA und der EU /." Berlin : Duncker & Humblot, 2009. http://d-nb.info/992131669/04.

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Stephens, Otis H. Jr, John M. II Scheb, and Colin Glennon. "American Constitutional Law, Volume I and II: Civil Rights and Liberties." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2015. http://amzn.com/1285736923.

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AMERICAN CONSTITUTIONAL LAW, Volumes I and II, combines cases, decisions, and authorial commentary to maximize your learning and understanding in this course. These comprehensive volumes cover the entire range of topics in constitutional law. Volume I examines the institutional aspects of constitutional law; Volume II deals with civil rights and liberties. Each of the chapters includes an introductory essay providing the legal, historical, political, and cultural context of Supreme Court jurisprudence in a particular area of constitutional interpretation. Each chapter also contains several boxed features (labeled "Case in Point" and "Sidebar") to provide additional perspective and context for the set of edited decisions from the United States Supreme Court cases that follow. In selecting, editing, and updating the materials, the authors emphasize recent trends in major areas of constitutional interpretation, as well as many landmark decisions, some of which retain importance as precedents while others illustrate the transient nature of constitutional interpretation. Because the book provides a good balance of decisions and authorial commentary, this text appeals to instructors of law as well as instructors of political science.
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Lunau, Ralf. "Auf der Schwelle dieser Demokratie : Normentstehung und Normbestand der Verfassung des Landes Thüringen vom 20. Dezember 1946 /." Stuttgart [u.a.] : Boorberg, 2003. http://www.gbv.de/dms/spk/sbb/recht/toc/368930297.pdf.

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Hashemi, S. Ahmad. "The question of freedom within the horizon of the Iranian Constitutional Movement (1906-1921)." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:74388230-d9c6-4c17-850b-bdbceaa0848b.

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The present DPhil research attempts to develop an appropriate method for the historiography of ideas by taking into consideration cultural, linguistic and socio-political limitations and obstacles to free thinking in a predominantly closed society like Qajar Iran. By applying such a method the study then investigates the history of the idea of freedom in Iran during one of the most important periods in the evolution of this concept. The research method is grounded in a hermeneutical interpretation of Collingwood's logic of question and answer. It also employs MacCallum's meta-theoretical frame of analysis which states that freedom is always of something (an agent or agents), from something (conditions), to do something (actions). Using this methodological framework, the research shows how most locutions about freedom uttered in the last century of the Qajar period were formed within the horizon of the question of decline and were somehow related to remedy such situations. It then explores how late Qajar interpretations of the three variables of freedom manifest themselves in the socio-political life of early 20th century Iran. During the first constitutional period (August 1906-June 1908), the major concern of the first majlis was to establish the rule of law. In legislating the constitution and its supplement, the majority of the majlis believed that the main obstacle to freedom was arbitrary rule. Therefore, they endeavoured to restrain the government’s illegal and arbitrary interferences in the people's freedom. However, they did not develop a rational criterion for identifying legitimate and justifiable legal interferences. During the second constitutional period (July 1909– February 1921), the main concern of the second majlis was to restrain chaos and to strengthen the central government in order to put an end to domestic insecurity and foreign threats. To rectify such a situation, the majlis empowered the government to interfere even in the freedoms guaranteed by the constitution. As a result, the situation began to turn from chaos towards arbitrary rule. The research also argues that in most of their interpretations of the aim of freedom, constitutionalists considered an action permissible only if it was compatible with public interest as well as the material and spiritual progress of individuals and society. Theoretically, the aim of freedom could not have been the doing of an action that harmed another person or violated his/her freedom. Furthermore, 'the right to be wrong,' even if it harmed no one, was never defended. Nonetheless, in practice, freedom turned into chaos and licence in both the first and in the second constitutional periods. Finally, this study investigates how the Iranian pioneers of the freedom-seeking movement responded to the question of the eligibility of the agent of freedom, and the question of the equality of agents in having freedom. Iranian society was taking its first steps in experiencing the rule of law and had a long way to go to rectify its discriminatory culture and to establish equal rights. In such conditions, accepting a set of equal fundamental rights for all Iranians should be considered a great achievement for the constitutional movement.

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