Relevant bibliographies by topics / Constituency service

Academic literature on the topic 'Constituency service'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 11 March 2023

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles

Select a source type:

Contents

Consult the lists of relevant articles, books, theses, conference reports, and other scholarly sources on the topic 'Constituency service.'

Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.

You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.

Journal articles on the topic "Constituency service"

1

Hofstetter, Emily, and Elizabeth Stokoe. "Getting service at the constituency office: Analyzing citizens’ encounters with their Member of Parliament." Text & Talk 38, no. 5 (August 28, 2018): 551–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/text-2018-0014.

Full text
Abstract:
Abstract In this paper, we present an analysis of how constituents procure services at the constituency office of a Member of Parliament (MP) in the United Kingdom. This paper will investigate how several previously documented interactional practices (e.g. entitlement) combine at the constituency office in a way that secures service. From a corpus of 12.5 hours of interaction, and using conversation analysis, we examine constituents’ telephone calls and meetings with constituency office staff and the MP, identifying practices constituents use. First, constituents opened encounters with bids to tell narratives. Second, constituents presented lengthy and detailed descriptions of their difficulties. These descriptions gave space to manage issues of legitimacy and entitlement, while simultaneously recruiting assistance. Third, we examine ways in which constituents display uncertainty about how the institution of the constituency office functions, and what services are available. The paper offers original insights into how constituency services are provided, and how constituency offices give access and support to ordinary citizens, while expanding the conversation analytic literature on institutional service provision.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Arter, David, and Tapio Raunio. "Concluding Remarks: Constituency Service or Constituency Effort?" Representation 54, no. 1 (November 8, 2017): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00344893.2017.1396241.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Koop, Royce. "Party Constituency Associations and the Service, Policy and Symbolic Responsiveness of Canadian Members of Parliament." Canadian Journal of Political Science 45, no. 2 (June 2012): 359–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008423912000364.

Full text
Abstract:
Abstract.Effective representation requires that representatives learn of the needs and preferences of their constituents and communicate their representative accomplishments back to those constituents. This article demonstrates how Canadian political parties, specifically their constituency associations in the ridings, assist MPs in their representative functions by facilitating communication between MPs and constituents. Representatives of local “sectors” on constituency association executives provide a means for focused communication between MPs and constituents. The result is that constituency associations enhance the service, policy and symbolic responsiveness of many MPs in their ridings. This article therefore elucidates the largely unrecognized role of Canadian parties' constituency organizations as important democratic and representational actors in the ridings.Résumé.Pour être efficace, il faut que les élus (1) comprennent les besoins et les préférences de leurs électeurs et (2) communiquent leurs activités en tant que parlementaires. Cet article montre à quel point les partis politiques canadiens, surtout les comités au niveau des comtés individuels, sont importants comme instrument pour réaliser ces tâches. Les comités organisent la communication entre un député et les groupes locaux qui s'intéressent au sujet en question. Pour résumer, les comités de militants fournit un element crucial au succès d'un politicien dans son comté. C'est une dimension de l'activité que les politiologues ont tendance à ignorer.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

King, Gary. "Constituency Service and Incumbency Advantage." British Journal of Political Science 21, no. 1 (January 1991): 119–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007123400006062.

Full text
Abstract:
Numerous scholars have documented a dramatic increase in incumbency advantage in US congressional elections and also state legislative elections over the past four decades. For example, Gelman and King show that incumbents in the House of Representatives now receive about twelve extra percentage points solely as a result of holding congressional office during the campaign; the comparable figure for most of the first half of this century was only 2 per cent. This advantage of incumbency has made members of the US House and many state legislators nearly invulnerable to electoral defeat.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Norris, Pippa. "The puzzle of constituency service." Journal of Legislative Studies 3, no. 2 (June 1997): 29–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13572339708420508.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

André, Audrey, Jonathan Bradbury, and Sam Depauw. "Constituency Service in Multi-level Democracies." Regional & Federal Studies 24, no. 2 (November 28, 2013): 129–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13597566.2013.858708.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Kelly, B. D. "Voting and mental illness: the silent constituency." Irish Journal of Psychological Medicine 31, no. 4 (October 2, 2014): 225–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ipm.2014.52.

Full text
Abstract:
Mental illness has been long associated with denial of certain human rights, social exclusion and political disempowerment. Too often, the effects of adverse social, economic and political circumstances, along with stigma, constitute a form of ‘structural violence’, which impairs access to psychiatric and social services, and amplifies the effects of mental illness in the lives of sufferers and their families. Existing literature indicates that voting rates are low among people with mental illness and, whereas voting preferences in the mentally ill may tend towards the liberal end of the political spectrum, they do not differ dramatically from the overall population. Rates of voting could be improved by mental health service users, service providers, advocacy services and others through (a) improved awareness of voting rights; (b) provision of information, especially to inpatients; (c) assessments of voting capacity, where indicated, using standardised, well-proven tools; and (d) pro-active voter-registration programmes.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Born, Richard. "Growing District Partisan Homogeneity and the Decline of the Personal Vote in U.S. House Elections." American Review of Politics 30 (November 1, 2009): 251–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.15763/issn.2374-7781.2009.30.0.251-274.

Full text
Abstract:
Despite decline in the magnitude of U.S. House members’ personal vote, reelection safety has not been impaired. Oppenheimer’s explanation for this seeming paradox rests upon the growing partisan homogeneity of House districts; i.e., incumbents presumably reduced their level of constituency service knowing that any resulting attrition in their personal vote would be compensated by a more substantial partisan vote. My study uncovers some evidence to back up this explanation. I indeed find that members from safer partisan districts have been perceived by constituents as less engaged in constituency activity and that such activity has declined somewhat over time. The electoral consequences of reduction in constituency engagement, however, seem too small to have been a major cause of the attenuation in the personal vote.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Skjæveland, Asbjørn, and Flemming Juul Christiansen. "Putting Party First? Constituency Service in Denmark." Representation 54, no. 1 (January 2, 2018): 23–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00344893.2018.1461682.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Kusche, Isabel. "Reflection on Political Representation." Comparative Sociology 16, no. 5 (October 9, 2017): 634–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15691330-12341437.

Full text
Abstract:
Abstract This article compares how Members of Parliament in the United Kingdom and Ireland reflect on constituency service as an aspect of political representation. It differs from existing research on the constituency role of mps in two regards. First, it approaches the question from a sociological viewpoint that emphasizes the process character of role-taking and its need for validation by others. Second, instead of relying on interviews and surveys it analyses how mps refer to aspects of constituency work in parliamentary debate. This choice of empirical material opens up a long-term view on reflections of constituency service that either validate or question understandings of the constituency role. Although mps in both countries are heavily engaged in constituency work, the analysis reveals important differences in this regard, with Irish mps recurrently criticizing their own role in the constituency, while British mps unequivocally see it in a positive light.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
More sources

Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Constituency service"

1

Yoon, Jong-Bin. "Legislator-constituency links : constituency service in South Korea /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 1999. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9951138.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Verma, Swati. "Defining service quality in an outpatient clinic with complex constituency." [Tampa, Fla.] : University of South Florida, 2007. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0002240.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Hofstetter, Emily. "Citizens getting help : interactions at the constituency office." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2016. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/22740.

Full text
Abstract:
This thesis examines a previously unstudied site of interaction: the constituency office. At the constituency office, Members of Parliament (MPs) hold MP surgeries , during which they help constituents to solve their personal difficulties. This thesis provides the first analysis of interactions at the constituency office. It is the only place where ordinary citizens can meet their MP; as such, it also provides the first analysis of face-to-face, unmediated interactions between politicians and their constituents. For this study, 12.5 hours of interactional data were recorded at the office of an MP in the United Kingdom, comprising over 80 encounters between office staff, the MP, and their constituents. The MP was of the majority ( government ) party at the time of recording. The data were analyzed using conversation analysis (CA), in order to investigate how the social activities of the constituency office were accomplished through interaction. The first analytic chapter reveals the overall structure of constituency office encounters, as well as examining what constituents say when they call or visit the office, and how they express that they are in need of assistance. This chapter finds that constituents avoid making direct requests of their MP, and instead use narrative descriptions. These descriptions manage interactional challenges including the unknown nature of the institution (Stokoe, 2013b), contingency and entitlement (Drew & Curl, 2008), reasonableness and legitimacy (Edwards & Stokoe, 2007; Heritage & Robinson, 2006), and recruitment (Kendrick & Drew, 2016). The second analytic chapter examines the action of offering, and finds it to be the central mechanism for transacting service. The staff use different offer designs to index different nuances in the offering action, such as asking permission or confirming an activity. Both the first and second analytic chapters show that systematic deployment of offers help control the direction of the encounters and tacitly instruct constituents as to what services are available. Furthermore, both of these chapters show the flexibility participants employed in turn design and action ascription, which extends previous descriptions of how requests and offers are constructed (Couper-Kuhlen, 2014; Curl, 2006) and supports recent calls for a more nuanced approach to action description from conversation analysts (Kendrick & Drew, 2014; Sidnell & Enfield, 2014). The third analytic chapter investigates the ostensibly political context of the constituency office, and how the MP and constituents raise political topics in conversation. The chapter finds that the term political is challenging to define in live interactions, and relies on the concept of politicizing (Hay, 2007) statements that upgrade (or downgrade) a topic into greater (or lesser) public and governmental concern. Both the MP and constituents were found to initiate political topics, but in different ways. The MP initiated political topics in explicit references to government, in order to provide evidence that the government was aligned with constituents interests. The constituents initiated political topics in vague and indirect references to recent policy changes, and avoided implicating the MP in any criticisms. The findings suggest that constituents privilege interactional norms (such as not criticizing a co-present interlocutor) over any potential interest in making political critiques. The chapter also discusses what impact these findings may have on concepts such as power and evasion . The final analytic chapter assesses the concept of rapport , finding that it is difficult for both participants and analysts to determine long-term outcomes from local, interactional occurrences in interaction. Rapport is important for MPs who may be attempting to build a personal vote relationship with constituents, but this chapter also finds that constituents have a stake in building rapport in order to receive the best (or any) service. The chapter finds that while traditional practices for building rapport , such as doing small talk or finding common ground, are problematic to employ and assess from an interactional perspective, other local outcomes such as progressivity (Fogarty, Augoustinos & Kettler, 2013) and affiliation (Clark, Drew & Pinch, 2003) may be more useful indicators of positive interactions. This chapter concludes that we need a more nuanced, and interactionally-based, framework to train practitioners (and clients) in effective communication practices. This thesis challenges the conversation analytic literature by finding that the constituency office setting revolves around a more flexible ascription of requests than many studies have previously accepted, and that we can analyze actions as if on a spectrum, rather than in bounded categories. The thesis also contributes to the political discourse literature by finding that constituents activities at the constituency office are strongly influenced by interactional norms, rather than political attitudes. Finally, this thesis provides a basis from which to study the constituency office, as a site of service interaction.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Shearman, Leah Claire. "The Legislator -Constituent relationship in Southern Africa: The extent to which electoral competitiveness, electoral systems and role orientation affect levels of constituency service conducted by legislators." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/3696.

Full text
Abstract:
The early 1990's marked the beginning of a new era for Southern Africa when a number of single party states began the transition to multiparty democratic systems. Within this process, democratic institutions were established and then have since played varied roles in normalizing of democratic norms in their respective countries. The elites who make these institutions play a vital role in maintaining democracy within these countries. This study examines their perceptions and actions in order to get a better understanding of the quality of representation and as a result the quality of democracy. More specifically the study examines how possible micro and macro level factors, such as electoral competitiveness, role orientations and electoral systems affect the level of constituency service performed by legislators in five Southern African countries (South Africa, Mozambique, Malawi, Kenya and Zambia). The majority of data used in this study comes from Module 3 of the African Legislatures Project. Electoral data was also collected from national electoral commissions and country experts. The results indicate that as a whole the electoral system has an effect on the level of constituency service conducted by legislators. Role orientation does not appear to be a factor in legislator's decision about the amount of constituency service they will perform. Electoral competition is a factor for number of countries in the study. However, the evidence shows that in some cases higher levels of electoral competitiveness actually induce legislators to perform less constituency service.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

MARTELLI, GIUSEPPE. "Personal vote in Southern Italy: particularism or universalism?" Doctoral thesis, Luiss Guido Carli, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11385/201114.

Full text
Abstract:
In the South of Italy, the personal vote has represented a synonym for clientelism, understood as a political exchange between votes and particular benefits. The available literature traced the roots of clientelism, from the 1950s onward, to either cultural or structural social determinants, such as cynicism, disenchantment, fatalism or, on the other side, lagging or lacking economic development. Only recently, Political Science has tried new approaches to this phenomenon, by adopting rationalist frameworks to define the strategies underpinning the clientelist bargain. Such a perspective proposed new concepts, a “virtuous clientelism” resembling the Anglo-American constituency service: in this type of clientelism, both voters and candidates are inspired by the desire to provide universal benefits to their community, rather than being limited to egoistic gains. This research wants thus to uncover this type of clientelism through a qualitative research involving in-depth semi-structured interviews, performed with a sample of electors in four of the most important regions of the Italian Mezzogiorno: Calabria, Campania, Apulia and Sicily. This research also provides a map of the desires, expectations, hopes and disillusions of the southern Italian voters. Hence, this study does not limit itself to the research question and goes on to provide more insight on the private and public reasons underpinning political choices and to open further avenues for qualitative research on the topic.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Ziniel, Curtis Edward. "Passive signals or active bureaucracy house members' use of staff to racially represent their constituents /." Diss., UC access only, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?index=120&did=1907183701&SrchMode=1&sid=1&Fmt=7&retrieveGroup=0&VType=PQD&VInst=PROD&RQT=309&VName=PQD&TS=1270487883&clientId=48051.

Full text
Abstract:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, Riverside, 2009.
Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 106-109). Issued in print and online. Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Wani, Mary Apayi Ayiga. "Leadership and accountability in managing the Constituency Development Fund (CDF): a case study of Yei River County, Central Equatoria State, Juba." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1007150.

Full text
Abstract:
This study is based on Leadership & Accountability in managing the Constituency Development Fund (CDF), the case of Yei River County (YRC) of Central Equatoria State, Republic of South Sudan (RSS). CDF is one of the initiatives of the government of South Sudan created by a legislation of Parliament to compliment development of the community needs as they expect more from the government of the day. The CDF Act 2007 which was passed by the parliament stipulated structures that govern the operation of the fund in terms of management, leadership and accountability to enhance effective and efficient provision of services to the people. The CDF Act provided that fund allocated to the MPs is to address the challenges that face the communities such as construction of schools, health facilities, water, roads and government facilities but not for personal interest or individual use. The problem that motivated the researcher to explore the performance of the CDF was inadequate service to the community although the government has allocated funds to each constituency channeled through the members of parliament to improve the socio-economic status of the community. The research looked at how the CDF roles, functions, and procedure were applied in the utilization of the funds to ensure efficiency. It analysed and evaluated the effectiveness and efficiency of management of CDF to promote service delivery in the constituencies of Yei, Ottogo, Tore and Mugwo Payams. The study investigated the following questions: How is the Constituency Development Fund (CDF) been managed and utilized by the Members of Parliament (MPs) to promote development in their constituencies? To what extent is the Constituency Development Fund (CDF) used in accordance with the provisions of the CDF Act (2007)? To what extent does the CDF achieve its objective in promoting development to meet the aspirations of the people within the constituencies? And, what is the nature of the relationship between the MPs, the community and the County Local Authority in relation to the CDF? The study also examined the linkage between the various committees formed by the CDF Act 2007 to guide the implementation of the fund as well as the projects at grass-root levels in regards to monitoring and evaluation process. The study used both descriptive and explanatory techniques to guide the researcher in gathering information required on the best of CDF practice in Yei River County which were carried out using interviews, focus group discussion and observation. Twenty (20) respondents comprising of head of departments, women, youth, MPs of both parliaments - the National and the State, chiefs, councilors, CDF committees from the four constituencies mentioned above were interviewed about the use of the CDF. The study reveals that there are no clear linkages between the various committees formed by the CDF Act 2007 to guide the implementation of the fund as well as the projects at the grass-root level in regards to monitoring and evaluation process. In addition to this, less participation of the community in identification, planning, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of the CDF community projects was one of the contributing factors that affected the effectiveness and efficiency of the result. Although creation of CDF has effect in some of the areas of the county, it requires more improvement in the implementation process to increase development in other areas. Based on these findings, the study argues that for the best of the CDF utilization, leadership and accountability which are components of the Public Administration Discipline that enhances efficiency in the public institutions need to be put into practice. Hence, rigorous application of the CDF rules, regulations and procedures is paramount in managing the utilization of the fund allocated for the purpose of development.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

LAI, CHENG-YIN, and 賴承吟. "The Effect of City-County Consolidation on Constituency Service in Taichung." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/55j28d.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Guillory, Christine Ann. "Constituency service and United States House members: The role of character assessments." Thesis, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1911/17089.

Full text
Abstract:
If devoting more staff and more resources to constituency service in the district brings members of the U.S. House no electoral benefits, why has the performance of these activities and members' interest in them increased in recent decades? Studies with misspecified models and inappropriate tests previously have failed to uncover the causal link between constituency service and electoral fortunes. Using individual-level 1994 American National Election Studies data, I find that knowledge of constituency service impacts vote choice only through its effect on citizens' impressions of incumbent candidates' personal characteristics.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Chou, Ming-Hui, and 周明慧. "A Study of Incumbency Advantage in U.S. House- Constituency Service and Congressional Elections." Thesis, 1991. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/16980057788459978972.

Full text
Abstract:
碩士
淡江大學
美國研究所
79
Before the 1960s, the result of congressional elections primarily reflected the number of party identifiers in the constituencies. However, after the 1960s, instead of voter's partisan identification, a candidate's electoral support originated in his or her personal qualities, qualifications, activities, and image. Therefore, how to build an image which could be identified by voters would be a point of emphasis in candidates' efforts. A study of how congressmen continued to expand their incumbency advantage after voters having abandoned old principles of congressional voting is the major subject of this thesis. 　　The methodology of this thesis is based mainly on content analysis, along with behavior analysis. At first, the trends and reasons of the high reelection rate of House incumbents in congressional elections are introduced. In addition, the reasons of the rise of constituency service is explored, and the institutionalization of constituency service is also discussed. Furthermore, how constituency service influences voters' judgement on congressmen, and the influence of constituency service on congressional elections are the main discussion in the thesis. 　　Since the activities of House members in districts has been changed and the achievement of constituency service had been publicized, it really affected voters' behavior on congressional voting. After the mid-1960s, House incumbents won a larger margin in elections, not only led to the marginal districts disappearing; as for the incumbents with safe seats, it also reinforced the safety in congressional elections.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
More sources

Books on the topic "Constituency service"

1

A, Ferejohn John, and Fiorina Morris P, eds. The personal vote: Constituency service and electoral independence. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press, 1987.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Bowler, Shaun. Representation and theEuropean Parliament in 1990: Electoral systems and constituency service. Manchester: European Policy Research Unit, Department of Government, Victoria University of Manchester, 1991.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Creelman, Samuel. Creelman's address to the electors of the constituency of Truro. [Halifax, N.S.?: s.n., 1987.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

author, Omolo Annette, and Finch, Christopher (Social Development Specialist), author, eds. Six case studies of local participation in Kenya: Lessons from Local Authority Service Delivery Action Plan (LASDAP), the Constituency Development Fund (CDF), and Water Action Groups (WAGs). Nairobi, Kenya: World Bank, 2013.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Library of Congress. Constituent Services. Consultative Management Planning Group. Constituent Services, CMPG final report and recommendations. [Washington, D.C: Library of Congress, 1994.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Equity in resource allocation: The need for alternative constituency development fund allocation criteria. Nairobi: Institute of Policy Analysis and Research, 2007.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Oyugi, Lineth Nyaboke. Equity in resource allocation: The need for alternative constituency development fund allocation criteria. Nairobi: Institute of Policy Analysis and Research, 2007.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

H, Marks Joan, Sarah Lawrence College. Health Advocacy Program., and Advocacy in Health Care Conference (1984 : Sarah Lawrence College), eds. Advocacy in health care: The power of a silent constituency. Clifton, N.J: Humana Press, 1986.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Wilmore, Elaine L. Superintendent leadership: Applying the educational leadership constituent council (ELCC) standards for improved district performance. Thousand Oaks, CA: Corwin Press, 2008.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Ghosh, Sunanda. Parliament and information flow: A study of the Lok Sabha. New Delhi: Uppal Pub. House, 1991.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
More sources

Book chapters on the topic "Constituency service"

1

Aissa, Meriem. "Gender quotas, constituency service, and women's empowerment." In Routledge Handbook on Elections in the Middle East and North Africa, 222–34. London: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003185628-21.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Resnick, Danielle, Bhavna Sivasubramanian, Idiong Christopher Idiong, Michael Akindele Ojo, and Likita Tanko. "The Enabling Environment for Informal Food Traders in Nigeria’s Secondary Cities." In Transforming Urban Food Systems in Secondary Cities in Africa, 103–31. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-93072-1_6.

Full text
Abstract:
AbstractInformal vendors are a critical source of food security for urban residents in African cities. However, the livelihoods of these traders, and the governance constraints they encounter, are not well-understood outside of the region’s capital and primate cities. This study focuses on two distinct secondary cities in Nigeria, Calabar in the South-South geopolitical zone of the country and Minna in the Middle Belt region. Interviews were collected with local and state officials in each city on the legal, institutional, and oversight functions they provide within the informal food sector. This was complemented with a survey of approximately 1097 traders across the two cities to assess their demographic profile, contributions to food security, key challenges they face for profitability, engagement with government actors, and degree of access to services in the markets. The analysis highlights two main findings. First, informal traders report less harassment by government actors than has been observed in larger Nigerian cities. At the same time, however, the enabling environment is characterized by benign neglect whereby government-mandated oversight functions are not comprehensively implemented and service delivery gaps remain a major hindrance to food safety. Second, there are important differences in the needs of traders across cities, suggesting that policies focused on food safety and improving the livelihoods of this constituency more broadly need to be properly nuanced even at the subnational level.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Wilson, Tim, and Marcia Seidle. "Projects and Proposals in Business Services." In Projects as Business Constituents and Guiding Motives, 89–101. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-4505-7_7.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Engelhardt, Yuri, and Clive Richards. "A Universal Grammar for Specifying Visualization Types." In Diagrammatic Representation and Inference, 395–403. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-86062-2_40.

Full text
Abstract:
AbstractA ‘universal grammar’ for the full spectrum of visualization types is discussed. The grammar enables the analysis of any type of visualization regarding its syntactic constituents, such as the types of visual encodings and visual components that are used. Such an analysis of a type of visualization, describing its compositional syntax, can be represented as a specification tree. Colour coded tree branches between constituent types enforce the combination rules visually. We discuss how these specification trees differ from linguistic parse trees, and how visual statements differ from verbal statements. The grammar offers a basis for generating visualization options, and the potential for formalization and for machine-readable specifications. This may serve as a basis for a system providing computer-generated visualization advice.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

"Constituency Service." In Electoral Engineering, 230–46. Cambridge University Press, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511790980.012.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Oberst, Robert C. "Constituency Service." In Legislators and Representation in Sri Lanka, 55–72. Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429037917-5.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Russell, Annelise. "All Politics Is Local." In Tweeting is Leading, 137–68. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197582268.003.0007.

Full text
Abstract:
Each senator is responsible for developing an approach to his job that he believes satisfies his goals and future political success, and many senators pursue a style of representation that is based on relationships with constituents at home. This chapter looks more closely at how senators constrain their rhetorical agenda to prioritize constituent service—such as advertising state office hours and promoting town hall meetings—and examines how electoral incentives influence senators’ choice to adopt a constituent servant style of communication. This chapter explains how pressures from local constituents or the state’s political environment incentivize another group of senators to prioritize state-specific information for their geographic constituency. For constituent servants, the pressures that a senator faces from the party or the institution come second to the expectations of a senator’s constituency and the relationships maintained by constraining the message to localized issues.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Bussell, Jennifer. "The Provision of Constituency Service." In Clients and Constituents, 71–92. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190945398.003.0003.

Full text
Abstract:
Chapter 3 draws on a field experimental audit of politicians with a near census of Indian state and national legislators to show that, on the whole, politicians do not take indicators of partisanship into account when responding to individual-level requests. Specifically, this national field experiment shows that for India’s high-level politicians, information on electoral preferences does not affect the willingness of representatives to respond to an individual’s request for assistance. In addition, indications of shared ethnicity, e.g., caste, which may be closely tied to political preferences, do not result in preferential treatment. Overall, these findings offer strong evidence that the aid high-level politicians offer to individuals requiring assistance navigating the state is often noncontingent in nature, taking the form of constituency service.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Bussell, Jennifer. "Constituency Service in Comparative Perspective." In Clients and Constituents, 295–314. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190945398.003.0011.

Full text
Abstract:
Chapter 11 considers the extent to which we should expect to observe similar dynamics of distributive politics in other parts of the world. It draws on a range of cross-national data to show that the contextual characteristics supporting constituency service—the dynamics of patronage democracy, difficulty in access to public benefits, and partisan allocation of benefits at local levels, accompanied by the presence of high-level representatives with little ability to monitor individual electoral behavior—coexist across a range of democracies around the world. It offers evidence to suggest that high-level politicians in countries across Africa, Asia, and Latin America also engage in individual-level distribution to build a personal vote, rather than support for their party, and that highly partisan distribution by local operatives may ironically heighten their incentives to assist constituents in a nonpartisan manner. Thus, India is an exemplar of a common trend, rather than a global outlier.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Papp, Zsófia. "Constituency service: incentives and consequences." In Research Handbook on Political Representation, 266–75. Edward Elgar Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4337/9781788977098.00030.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Conference papers on the topic "Constituency service"

1

RADUCU, Daniela. "SOIL BIOTIC CONSTITUENTS PROVIDING ECOSYSTEM SERVICES." In 17th International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference SGEM2017. Stef92 Technology, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2017/32/s13.064.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Karni, Reuven, and Maya Kaner. "Knowledge-Based Design of Services With Application to an After-Sales Service Facility." In ASME 2008 9th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2008-59156.

Full text
Abstract:
A service is a process comprising a series of more or less intangible activities that normally, but not always, take place in interactions between the customer and service employees and/or physical resources and goods and/or systems of the service provider, and provide solutions to customer problems. We define a service concept in terms of the components of the service package and translate the concept into its constituent parts, such as persons (owners, service providers, service supporters, experts, clients, consultants), tangibles (physical products or parts, facilities, amenities, equipment, furnishings, call center), intangibles (goals, service / external / information environments, service recovery, performance, feedback), and activities (functions, processes, procedures, events) — so that it can be designed, tested, and delivered. The range and diversity of service components is organized in a five-level taxonomy for services, whose major categories encompass customers, goals, inputs, outputs, processes, human operatives, physical and technological resources, information and knowledge, and the environment. This serves as a knowledge base for design, which is carried out through an unguided or guided search down the hierarchy, progressively selecting and incorporating categories, attributes and values into the evolving service concept. The procedure is illustrated through its application to an after-sales service facility.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Shen, Xinjian, and Xin Zhu. "The Constituent Elements and Countermeasures for the Development of Innovative Enterprises." In 2010 International Conference on Management and Service Science (MASS 2010). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icmss.2010.5576412.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

El Rassi, Joseph, and Gregory N. Morscher. "Constituent and Ply Level Understanding of Electrical Resistance in Si-Containing SiC/SiC Composites." In ASME Turbo Expo 2021: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2021-60395.

Full text
Abstract:
Abstract Electrical resistance, also known as direct current potential drop (DCPD), has been demonstrated as an enabling means to monitor damage evolution in SiC-based ceramic matrix composites. For laminate composites, it has become apparent that the location and orientation of SiC fibers, free Si and in some cases insertion of C rods can greatly affect the measured resistance. In addition, the nature of crack growth through the different plies which consist of different constituents will have different effects on the change in resistance. Therefore, both experimental and modeling approaches as to the resistance and change in resistance for different laminate architectures based on the nature of constituent content and orientation are needed to utilize and optimize electrical resistance as a health-monitoring technique. In this work, unidirectional and cross-ply laminate composites have been analyzed using a ply-based electrical model. Based on a ply-level circuit model, the change in resistance was modeled for damage development. It is believed that this can serve as a basis for tailoring the architecture/constituent content to create a “smarter” composite.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Cinibulk, M. K., Z. D. Apostolov, E. E. Boakye, T. S. Key, and D. S. King. "Constituent Development for Higher-Temperature Capable Ceramic Matrix Composites." In ASME Turbo Expo 2018: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2018-76835.

Full text
Abstract:
This paper highlights research that is addressing the need for improved high-temperature-capable CMCs, with a focus on CMC constituents and an understanding of their processing, microstructure, and behavior in relevant service environments. The most pervasive lifetime and temperature limitations for SiC/SiC CMCs are related to oxidation, creep and stress rupture of the fibers, oxidation-induced instability of the fibermatrix interface, and instability of the matrix at temperatures > 1400°C. Consequently, we are addressing these shortcomings by developing technologies to enable higher-temperature capable SiC fiber, oxidation-resistant fiber-matrix interfaces, and improvements in processing of refractory matrices for both turbine engine and hypersonic applications.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Duan, Yunlong, and Chunjin Duan. "Evaluation and Application of Enterprise's Sustainable Innovation Motivation Based on the Main Constituents Projection Method." In 2010 International Conference on Management and Service Science (MASS 2010). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icmss.2010.5576973.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Naus, D. J., and H. L. Graves. "A Review of the Effects of Elevated Temperature on Concrete Materials and Structures." In 14th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone14-89631.

Full text
Abstract:
Concrete’s properties are more complex than those of most materials because not only is concrete a composite material whose constituents have different properties, but its properties depend upon moisture and porosity. Exposure of concrete to elevated temperature affects its mechanical and physical properties. Elements could distort and displace, and, under certain conditions, the concrete surfaces could spall due to the buildup of steam pressure. Because thermally-induced dimensional changes, loss of structural integrity, and release of moisture and gases resulting from the migration of free water could adversely affect plant operations and safety, a complete understanding of the behavior of concrete under long-term elevated-temperature exposure as well as both during and after a thermal excursion resulting from a postulated design-basis accident condition is essential for reliable design evaluations and assessments of nuclear power plant structures. As the properties of concrete change with respect to time and the environment to which it is exposed, an assessment of the effects of concrete aging is also important in performing safety evaluations. The effects of elevated temperature on Portland cement concretes and constituent materials are summarized, design codes and standards identified, and considerations for elevated temperature service noted.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Carleer, M., R. Colin, A. C. Vandaele, and P. C. Simon. "Detection of Minor Tropospheric Constituents using Fourier Transform Spectroscopy." In Optical Remote Sensing of the Atmosphere. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/orsa.1991.owe19.

Full text
Abstract:
In the frame of TOPAS (Tropospheric OPtical Absorption Spectroscopy), an EURO-TRAC subproject supported by the Belgian State - Prime Minister’s Service - Science Policy Office and the ”Fond National de la Recherche Scientique”, a long path (788 m) absorption system has been constructed on the urban site of the campus of the Université Libre de Bruxelles. It consists of a Xenon high pressure emission source connected to a 30 cm Cassegrain type telescope. A parabolic mirror placed at a distance of 394 m reflects the light back into a similar telescope connected to a high resolution Fourier Transform spectrometer BRUKER IFS120HR. The two telescopes are mounted on alignment devices and the external mirror is equipped with a driving system operated from the laboratory. This system has been in operation since October 1990. Absorption structures of O2, O3, NO2 and SO2 have been observed in the UV region (25000-45000 cm-1). The spectra are recorded at a dispersion of 8 cm-1.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Wang, Hongqiang, Huijie Zhu, Chuchu Xia, Kui Zhang, Liping Zhang, and Zhenbin Wu. "An Analysis of Chemical Constituents of Volatile Oil of Typha Latifolia and Their Algae Inhibition Activity." In 2010 International Conference on E-Product E-Service and E-Entertainment (ICEEE 2010). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iceee.2010.5660911.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Huang, Yong-Chun, and Chen Yang. "The Research on the Constituent System of Growth Competence of Independent Intellectual Property Famous Brand -Based on Brand Competitiveness Theory." In 2010 International Conference on Management and Service Science (MASS 2010). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icmss.2010.5577593.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Reports on the topic "Constituency service"

1

Ngo, Thanh. Effective Methods of Constituency Service in Oregon State. Portland State University Library, January 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/honors.151.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Cornick, Jorge, Jeffry Frieden, Mauricio Mesquita Moreira, and Ernesto H. Stein. Open configuration options Political Economy of Trade Policy in Latin America. Inter-American Development Bank, February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003986.

Full text
Abstract:
Few propositions in economics are as widely accepted as the theory of comparative advantage: If two countries have a comparative advantage in the production of different goods and services, trade can be welfare-enhancing for both. But trade policy has always been controversial in Latin America, as it is not made by academic economists but by politicians who need to gather and maintain the support of constituents who in some cases have much to lose or gain from different trade policies. This book walks the reader through a complex thicket of contending interests and disparate political institutions to analyze why Latin American governments make the trade policies they do. Its chapters show how an array of different governments have attempted to navigate frequently conflicting interests and ideas, and how different institutional arrangements impinge on trade policy design and outcomes. It is to be hoped that the experiences analyzed here can inform the making of future policy and, perhaps, help improve it.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Durden, Susan, Tyson Vaughan, and Brook Herman. Other social effects and social vulnerability analysis : existing resources. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), June 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/44662.

Full text
Abstract:
The following technical note (TN) provides a summary of existing resources available to the US Army Corps of Engineers’ (USACE) districts that address benefits in the Other Social Effects account for evaluating the effects of water resource projects. Consideration of social factors is key to a complete, robust, water-resources analysis, and these resources provide planners and project development teams with approaches and tools for their consideration. "social effects—the constituents of life that influence personal and group definitions of satisfaction, well-being, and happiness —OSE Primer, 3" This TN is limited in scope and does not cover ecosystem goods and services or environmental-quality metrics that can also be used to assess benefits outside of economic benefits from water-resource projects. The following resources and their associated metrics are presented in a manner that is focused on assisting districts during the project-planning phase, although the metrics can be used to assess benefits or impacts during other project phases as well (for example, construction, operations, and maintenance).
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Jones, Robert M., Alison K. Thurston, Robyn A. Barbato, and Eftihia V. Barnes. Evaluating the Conductive Properties of Melanin-Producing Fungus, Curvularia lunata, after Copper Doping. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/38641.

Full text
Abstract:
Melanins are pigmented biomacromolecules found throughout all domains of life. Of melanins’ many unique properties, their malleable electrically conductive properties and their ability to chelate could allow them to serve as material for bioelectronics. Studies have shown that sheets or pellets of melanin conduct low levels of electricity; however, electrical conductance of melanin within a cellular context has not been thoroughly investigated. In addition, given the chelating properties of melanin, it is possible that introducing traditionally con-ductive metal ions could improve the conductivity. Therefore, this study investigated the conductive properties of melanized cells and how metal ions change these. We measured the con-ductivity of pulverized Curvularia lunata, a melanized filamentous fungi, with and without the addition of copper ions. We then com-pared the conductivity measurements of the fungus to chemically synthesized, commercially bought melanin. Our data showed that the conductivity of the melanized fungal biomass was an order of magnitude higher when grown in the presence of copper. However, it was two orders of magnitude less than that of synthetic melanin. Interestingly, conductance was measurable despite additional constituents in the pellet that may inhibit conductivity. Therefore, these data show promising results for using melanized cells to carry electrical signals.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Lewis, Dustin, and Naz Modirzadeh. Taking into Account the Potential Effects of Counterterrorism Measures on Humanitarian and Medical Activities: Elements of an Analytical Framework for States Grounded in Respect for International Law. Harvard Law School Program on International Law and Armed Conflict, May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.54813/qbot8406.

Full text
Abstract:
For at least a decade, States, humanitarian bodies, and civil-society actors have raised concerns about how certain counterterrorism measures can prevent or impede humanitarian and medical activities in armed conflicts. In 2019, the issue drew the attention of the world’s preeminent body charged with maintaining or restoring international peace and security: the United Nations Security Council. In two resolutions — Resolution 2462 (2019) and Resolution 2482 (2019) — adopted that year, the Security Council urged States to take into account the potential effects of certain counterterrorism measures on exclusively humanitarian activities, including medical activities, that are carried out by impartial humanitarian actors in a manner consistent with international humanitarian law (IHL). By implicitly recognizing that measures adopted to achieve one policy objective (countering terrorism) can impair or prevent another policy objective (safeguarding humanitarian and medical activities), the Security Council elevated taking into account the potential effects of certain counterterrorism measures on exclusively humanitarian activities to an issue implicating international peace and security. In this legal briefing, we aim to support the development of an analytical framework through which a State may seek to devise and administer a system to take into account the potential effects of counterterrorism measures on humanitarian and medical activities. Our primary intended audience includes the people involved in creating or administering a “take into account” system and in developing relevant laws and policies. Our analysis zooms in on Resolution 2462 (2019) and Resolution 2482 (2019) and focuses on grounding the framework in respect for international law, notably the U.N. Charter and IHL. In section 1, we introduce the impetus, objectives, and structure of the briefing. In our view, a thorough legal analysis of the relevant resolutions in their wider context is a crucial element to laying the conditions conducive to the development and administration of an effective “take into account” system. Further, the stakes and timeliness of the issue, the Security Council’s implicit recognition of a potential tension between measures adopted to achieve different policy objectives, and the relatively scant salient direct practice and scholarship on elements pertinent to “take into account” systems also compelled us to engage in original legal analysis, with a focus on public international law and IHL. In section 2, as a primer for readers unfamiliar with the core issues, we briefly outline humanitarian and medical activities and counterterrorism measures. Then we highlight a range of possible effects of the latter on the former. Concerning armed conflict, humanitarian activities aim primarily to provide relief to and protection for people affected by the conflict whose needs are unmet, whereas medical activities aim primarily to provide care for wounded and sick persons, including the enemy. Meanwhile, for at least several decades, States have sought to prevent and suppress acts of terrorism and punish those who commit, attempt to commit, or otherwise support acts of terrorism. Under the rubric of countering terrorism, States have taken an increasingly broad and diverse array of actions at the global, regional, and national levels. A growing body of qualitative and quantitative evidence documents how certain measures designed and applied to counter terrorism can impede or prevent humanitarian and medical activities in armed conflicts. In a nutshell, counterterrorism measures may lead to diminished or complete lack of access by humanitarian and medical actors to the persons affected by an armed conflict that is also characterized as a counterterrorism context, or those measures may adversely affect the scope, amount, or quality of humanitarian and medical services provided to such persons. The diverse array of detrimental effects of certain counterterrorism measures on humanitarian and medical activities may be grouped into several cross-cutting categories, including operational, financial, security, legal, and reputational effects. In section 3, we explain some of the key legal aspects of humanitarian and medical activities and counterterrorism measures. States have developed IHL as the primary body of international law applicable to acts and omissions connected with an armed conflict. IHL lays down several rights and obligations relating to a broad spectrum of humanitarian and medical activities pertaining to armed conflicts. A violation of an applicable IHL provision related to humanitarian or medical activities may engage the international legal responsibility of a State or an individual. Meanwhile, at the international level, there is no single, comprehensive body of counterterrorism laws. However, States have developed a collection of treaties to pursue specific anti-terrorism objectives. Further, for its part, the Security Council has assumed an increasingly prominent role in countering terrorism, including by adopting decisions that U.N. Member States must accept and carry out under the U.N. Charter. Some counterterrorism measures are designed and applied in a manner that implicitly or expressly “carves out” particular safeguards — typically in the form of limited exceptions or exemptions — for certain humanitarian or medical activities or actors. Yet most counterterrorism measures do not include such safeguards. In section 4, which constitutes the bulk of our original legal analysis, we closely evaluate the two resolutions in which the Security Council urged States to take into account the effects of (certain) counterterrorism measures on humanitarian and medical activities. We set the stage by summarizing some aspects of the legal relations between Security Council acts and IHL provisions pertaining to humanitarian and medical activities. We then analyze the status, consequences, and content of several substantive elements of the resolutions and what they may entail for States seeking to counter terrorism and safeguard humanitarian and medical activities. Among the elements that we evaluate are: the Security Council’s new notion of a prohibited financial “benefit” for terrorists as it may relate to humanitarian and medical activities; the Council’s demand that States comply with IHL obligations while countering terrorism; and the constituent parts of the Council’s notion of a “take into account” system. In section 5, we set out some potential elements of an analytical framework through which a State may seek to develop and administer its “take into account” system in line with Resolution 2462 (2019) and Resolution 2482 (2019). In terms of its object and purpose, a “take into account” system may aim to secure respect for international law, notably the U.N. Charter and IHL pertaining to humanitarian and medical activities. In addition, the system may seek to safeguard humanitarian and medical activities in armed conflicts that also qualify as counterterrorism contexts. We also identify two sets of preconditions arguably necessary for a State to anticipate and address relevant potential effects through the development and execution of its “take into account” system. Finally, we suggest three sets of attributes that a “take into account” system may need to embody to achieve its aims: utilizing a State-wide approach, focusing on potential effects, and including default principles and rules to help guide implementation. In section 6, we briefly conclude. In our view, jointly pursuing the policy objectives of countering terrorism and safeguarding humanitarian and medical activities presents several opportunities, challenges, and complexities. International law does not necessarily provide ready-made answers to all of the difficult questions in this area. Yet devising and executing a “take into account” system provides a State significant opportunities to safeguard humanitarian and medical activities and counter terrorism while securing greater respect for international law.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

FICHE D’INFORMATION : Origines de la gouvernance hybride et de la mobilisation des communautés armées en Afrique subsaharienne. RESOLVE Network, December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.37805/fs2020.7.cbags.fr.

Full text
Abstract:
Cette fiche d’information présente un aperçu des conclusions de l’effort de cartographie de l’Initiative de recherche sur les groupes armés communautaires du RESOLVE Network qui étudie la dynamique des groupes armés communautaires (GAC) pour identifier des approches potentielles visant à les engager, les gérer et les transformer. Ce rapport de recherche explore les origines, les dynamiques et les moteurs des GAC en Afrique, et clarifie la multiplicité et la complexité des relations entre ces groupes et l’État, ainsi que leurs rôles et responsabilités prépondérants en matière de sécurité et de prestation de services. Des discussions avec les parties prenantes et une revue critique de la littérature ont révélé la nécessité que la recherche aille au-delà du discours selon lequel les GAC constituent des menaces à la sécurité nationale et considèrent leurs rôles en tant que contributeurs à la construction de l’État et à la consolidation de la paix. Pour en savoir plus sur la méthodologie de recherche, les résultats détaillés et les études de cas illustratives, veuillez consulter le rapport de recherche RESOLVE de Daniel E. Agbiboa : Origins of Hybrid Governance and Armed Community Mobilization in Sub-Saharan Africa (Origines de la gouvernance hybride et de la mobilisation des communautés armées en Afrique subsaharienne).
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
You might also be interested in the extended bibliographies on the topic 'Constituency service' for particular source types:
Journal articles Dissertations / Theses Books
We offer discounts on all premium plans for authors whose works are included in thematic literature selections. Contact us to get a unique promo code!

To the bibliography