Academic literature on the topic 'Constantes cosmologiques'
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Journal articles on the topic "Constantes cosmologiques"
Dubois, Eve-Aline. "1937." Revue des questions scientifiques 192, no. 1-2 (January 1, 2021): 69–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.14428/qs.v192i1-2.70003.
Full textBerche, Bertrand. "La constante cosmologique et le déploiement de l’espace." Philosophia Scientae, no. 15-2 (September 1, 2011): 123–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/philosophiascientiae.659.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Constantes cosmologiques"
Suchan, Berthold. "Die Stabilität der Welt : eine Wissenschaftsphilosophie der Kosmologischen Konstante /." Paderborn : Mentis, 1999. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb39965563w.
Full textGolse, Ghislain. "Contraintes cosmologiques déduites des effets de lentille gravitationnelle dans les amas de galaxies." Toulouse 3, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002TOU30145.
Full textI use cluster-lenses containing several multiple-imaged systems of background galaxies to constrain the cosmological parameters. Indeed, the model of the cluster of galaxies gravitational potential is then precise enough to get constraints on the distances between sources and images. These distances directly depend on the Universe geometry, which is fixed by the cosmological parameters (ie the Universe matter density, the cosmological constant and dark energy in general). This method requires precise parametric models of gravitational potentials. I developped a general formalism of pseudo elliptical profiles, giving analytical expressions for lensing quantities. I first study the errors semi analytically, to get the expected accuracy. Numerical simulations of of typical cluster-lenses complete this preliminary work. I can then precise the potential optimisation method and exhibit the expected degeneracy between the cosmological parameters. .
Buzzi, Adeline. "Nouveaux tests du modèle cosmologique : élaboration et applications." Aix-Marseille 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AIX11057.
Full textThe Cosmological Model describes today the evolution of the universe on large scales. During this thesis, we developed and applied to state-of-art data new cosmological tests. We first propose an observational criterion to reject a non-metric scenario of cosmic acceleration. Then we propose a strategy that aims to validate using galaxy distribution the consistency of one of the pilars of the Cosmological Model : the Copernican Principle. We estimate quantitatively the scale of isotropy of this distribution around different distant observers (and find for this scale 150Mpc/h), and then compare with results obtained using N-body simulations. Finally, we elaborate and then apply for the first time a geometrical test based on the Alcock-Paczynski effect. We analyze the symmetry properties of binary systems of galaxies, and computed the necessary corrections of their proper velocities. We obtain values for the parameters of the model, and confirm independantly the current cosmological paradigm. All the tests we propose can be implemented using available data, and will be optimally implemented using future surveys (SNeIa, redshift surveys of galaxies, such as EUCLID or BigBOSS)
GOLSE, Ghislain. "CONTRAINTES COSMOLOGIQUES DEDUITES DES EFFETS DE LENTILLE GRAVITATIONNELLE DANS LES AMAS DE GALAXIES." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00002279.
Full textPeirani, Sébastien. "Aspects dynamiques et physiques de la matière noire." Nice, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005NICE4101.
Full textThis work aims to study the dynamics of dark matter halos as well as the possibility of detection of gamma-rays resulting from the annihilation of neutralinos, supposed to be the constituent of dark matter (DM). In a first step, numerical simulations have been performed in the context of the Lambda-CDM cosmology and we have studied the effects of merger/accretion on the angular momentum evolution of halos and their dynamical relaxation. Our results indicate that halos acquire angular momentum essentially by the transfer of orbital angular momentum to spin during merger/accretion events rather than by tital torques. In a second step, we have studied the effects of the inclusion of a cosmological constant term in the spherical Tolman-Lemaître collapse model and re-derived masses for some nearby groups of galaxies, in particular the Local Group and Virgo. Our procedure yields a new evaluation of the Hubble constant in quite agreement with recent determination by other methods. Finally, we have predicted gamma-rays fluxes from different sources as M31, M87, Draco and Sagittarius and their detectability by the forthcoming GLAST satellite. The analysis of detection or not at different energy thresholds allows to constraint the neutralino mass and the spatial distribution of DM in those objects
Pisani, Alice. "Cosmology with cosmic voids." Thesis, Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066240/document.
Full textModern surveys allow us to access to high quality measurements, by sampling the galaxy distribution in detail also in the emptier regions, voids. When we observe cosmic voids, however, we observe them in redshift-space: their real shape remains inaccessible to us, thus limiting our knowledge about such structures. To employ voids as a precision tool for Cosmology, it is fundamental to obtain their real-space shape. This thesis presents a model-independent non-parametric algorithm to reconstruct the spherical density profiles of stacked voids in real space, without assumptions about redshift distortions. With this algorithm, we obtain the first ever real-space density profiles of stacked voids. With the profiles we study the mass compensation and obtain a theoretical prediction for the velocity profiles of voids based on linear theory and assuming cosmological parameters. In parallel, we discuss the use of the real-space profiles to obtain model-independent information about the peculiar velocity profiles of voids. Also, using mock catalogues, we analyse the effect of peculiar velocities on void properties and discuss it in the framework of current and future surveys. Finally we calculate a forecast for void abundances with the future Euclid mission and obtain, using the Fisher matrix formalism, a prediction for the constraints that void abundances will set on cosmological parameters. The real-space profiles of voids can be used to test cosmological models (through the understanding of peculiar velocities effects and the improvement of the Alcock-Paczynski test); and void abundances promise to bring independent information and to shed light on the mystery of dark energy
Siebert, Julien A. "Mécanique statistique des gaz autogravitants." Paris 6, 2005. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00009667.
Full textBautista, Solans Maria Teresa. "Weyl anomalies and quantum cosmology." Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066329/document.
Full textIn this thesis we study the cosmological consequences of Weyl anomalies arising from the renormalization of composite operators of the fundamental fields, including the metric. These anomalies are encoded in the gravitational dressings of the operators in a non-local quantum effective action. We derive the evolution equations that follow from this action and look for cosmological solutions. For simplicity, we focus on Einstein-Hilbert gravity with a cosmological constant. We first consider two-dimensional gravity, where Liouville theory allows us to compute the gravitational dressing of the cosmological constant operator. Using a Weyl-invariant formulation, we determine the gauge-invariant but non-local effective action, and compute the corresponding non-local momentum tensor. The Weyl anomalies modify the full quantum momentum tensor, not only its trace, and hence lead to interesting effects in the cosmological dynamics. In particular, we find a decaying vacuum energy and a slow-down of the de Sitter expansion. In four dimensions, motivated by our results in two dimensions, we parametrize the effective action with scale-dependent gravitational dressings, and compute the general evolution equations. In the approximation of constant anomalous dimensions, the momentum tensor leads to a decaying vacuum energy and a slow-roll quasi-de Sitter expansion, just as in two dimensions. The anomalous dimensions are in principle computable in a given microscopic theory using semiclassical methods. Even though the anomalous dimensions are small in perturbation theory, their integrated effect over several e-folds could add up to something significant during primordial cosmology
Siebert, Julien. "Mécanique statistique des systèmes autogravitants." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00009667.
Full textFoënard, Gabriel. "Inflight performance of the PILOT experiment." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOU30371.
Full textPILOT, for Polarized instrument for Long Wavelength Observation of the Tenuous interstellar medium) is a stratospheric balloon astrophysics experiment whose main objective is the measurement of the polarized emission of light by the dust of the interstellar medium. This experiment will allow the mapping of the galactic magnetic field to a resolution of the order of one arcmin at a wavelength of 240 µm (1.2 THz). The polarization detection is carried out using a polarizer placed at 45° in the beam, decomposing it into two orthogonal polarized components each detected by four matrices of 256 bolometers, and a half-wave plate. The PILOT observations are in addition to the observations made using the Planck satellite, with better angular resolution, and in addition to polarization observations conducted on the ground with instruments such as NIKA2 installed on the IRAM 30m telescope. This thesis is divided into three parts, the first being devoted to the presentation of the scientific context surrounding the instrument as well as to the presentation of the instrument and the two flying campaigns that took place in Timmins in Canada and Alice Spring in Australia. The second part focuses on the inflight performance of PILOT and the third part presents the pipeline set up for data processing and the first polarization maps obtained
Book chapters on the topic "Constantes cosmologiques"
Combes, Françoise. "La constante cosmologique : la plus grande erreur d’Einstein." In Einstein au Collège de France. Collège de France, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/books.cdf.9443.
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