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Alsawalhi, Jamal Yousuf. "An asymmetric salient permanent magnet synchronous machine for wide constant power speed range applications." Thesis, Purdue University, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3686817.
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This work introduces a novel permanent-magnet synchronous machine (PMSM) architecture that employs rotational asymmetry to increase the torque density output in constant power variable speed applications. A population based multi-objective design optimization algorithm is used to design and analyze the new machine topology. A number of design studies are presented to show that the proposed machine structure outperforms a conventional PMSM machine. Validation of the analytical machine design model using a three dimensional finite element analyses is performed and the results are presented. Finally, a case study in which a hybrid electric bus traction motor is designed is presented.
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De, Kock Hugo Werner. "Dynamic control of the permanent magnet assisted reluctance synchronous machine with constant current angle." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/2062.
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Thesis (MScEng (Electrical and Electronic Engineering))--University of Stellenbosch, 2006.This thesis is about the dynamic control of a permanent magnet assisted reluctance synchronous machine (PMA RSM). The PMA RSM in this thesis is a 110 kW traction machine and is ideal for the use in electrical rail vehicles. An application of the dynamic control of the PMA RSM in electrical rail vehicles is to reduce wheel slip. The mathematical model of the PMA RSM is derived and explained in physical terms. Two methods of current control for the PMA RSM are investigated, namely constant field current control (CFCC) and constant current angle control (CCAC). It is shown that CCAC is more appropriate for the PMA RSM. A current controller for the PMA RSM that guarantees stability is derived and given as an analytic formula. This current controller can be used for any method of current control, i.e. CFCC or CCAC. An accurate simulation model for the PMA RSM is obtained using results from finite element analysis (FEA). The accurate model is used in a simulation to verify CCAC. A normal proportional integral speed controller for the PMA RSM is designed and the design is also verified by simulation. Practical implementation of the current and speed controllers is considered along with a general description of the entire drive system. The operation of the resolver (for position measurement) is given in detail. Important safety measures and the design of the electronic circuitry to give protection are shown. Practical results concerning current and speed control are then shown. To improve the dynamic performance of the PMA RSM, a load torque observer with compensation current feedback is investigated. Two observer structures are considered, namely the reduced state observer and the full state observer. The derivation of the full state observer and the detail designs of the observer elements are given. The accurate simulation model of the PMA RSM is used to verify the operation of the observer structures and to evaluate the dynamic performance. Both observer structures are implemented practically and practical results are shown. One method of position sensorless control, namely the high frequency voltage injection method, is discussed in terms of the PMA RSM. This work is additional to the thesis but it is shown, because it raises some interesting questions regarding the dynamic control of the PMA RSM.
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Rim, Geun-hie. "Variable speed constant frequency power conversion with permanent magnet synchronous and switched reluctance generators." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/40015.
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Chin, Yung-Kang. "A permanent magnet synchronous motor for an electric vehicle - design analysis." Licentiate thesis, KTH, Electrical Systems, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-1763.
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This thesis presents the study and the design analysis of apermanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) for the tractionapplication of an electric vehicle. An existing inductiontraction motor for an electric forklift benchmarks the expectedperformances of the proposed PMSM design. Further, thepossibility of using the identical stator as the one used inthe induction motor is explored for the fast prototyping. Theprototype motor is expected to be field-weakened and to have aconstant power speed range (CPSR) of 2.5 to 3.
A design approach based on the CPSR contour plot in aninterior permanent magnet (IPM) parameter plane is derived toobtain the possible designs that meet all the designspecifications and the targeted CPSR. This study provides thepossible alternative designs for the subsequent futureprototype motors.
An analytical approach to estimate the iron loss in PMsynchronous machines is developed and included in the designprocedure. The proposed technique is based on predicting theflux density waveforms in the various regions of the machine.The model can be applied at any specified load condition,including the field-weakening operation region. This model canbe ultimately embedded in the design process for a routine usein loss estimations.
The first prototype motor with an inset permanent magnetrotor has been built and the available measurements are used tovalidate the design performance. In particular, the thermalanalyses based both on the lumped-circuit approach and thenumerical method are compared with the measured results. Asecond and possibly a third prototype motor targeting a widerand higher performance will be carried out in the continuingphase of the project.
Keywords:Constant Power Speed Range, Electric Vehicles,Field-weakening, Reference Flux Linkage, Iron Loss, PermanentMagnet Synchronous Motor, Thermal Analysis
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Rim, Geun-hie. "Modeling, analysis and experimental verification of variable-speed constant-frequency power conversion scheme with a permanent magnet synchronous generator." Thesis, This resource online, 1988. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-06062008-163303/.
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Miao, Dongmin. "Voltage Stabilization Control of Wide-Speed-Range Permanent-Magnet Synchronous Generator Systems." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/246410.
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DC power systems have a constant DC-link voltage, as well as the advantages such as high stability, high efficiency, small size and light weight; therefore, they are widely used in stand-alone power systems, e.g. the power systems in aircrafts and automobiles, isolated wind power generation systems, etc. Permanent-Magnet Synchronous Generators (PMSGs) possess the advantages including high power density, high efficiency, and high control precision, and have obtained great attention and have been widely used in military, inductry, and daily life. Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) rectifier has been one of the main power conversion topologies thanks to its full controllability. The key point in the dissertation is to study the DC power system consisting of a PMSG to be the main power input device and a PWM rectifier to be the main power conversion topology. The objective of control is to output a constant DC-link voltage in a wide PMSG speed range. Since the PM-excited flux linkage is constant, when the PMSG is working at a high speed, field-weakening is needed to stabilize the stator voltage, further to stabilize the DC-link voltage. Hybrid excitation may be used to realize the field-weakening, but it has complex structure; no auxiliary devices are needed in the field regulation with the armature current, and can be easily realized with the PWM recifier and field-regulation control strategies. In this dissertation, the typical applications of the DC power systems are first introduced, with a comprehensive analysis and elaboration on the relevant research throughout the world. The research work is focused on the DC power system and its stabilization control, which is composed of a PMSG and a PWM rectifier. The involved research content in this dissertation includes the following aspects: 1. DC power system design with a wide-speed-range PMSGAs for the common DC power systems, PMSG with high power density, high efficiency is selected to the system power input device, usually with a variable-speed prime mover. The PWM rectifier with fully controlled switches is chosen to be the power conversion topology, which converts the AC power generated by PMSG into DC power, and supplies the DC load after the DC filter. The matching between the system requirements and the generator parameters are determined. Through finite-element analysis (FEA), a PMSG with strong field-weakening ability and suitable for wide-speed-range operation has been designed and manufactured, and the system test bench has been built based on dSPACE. 2. Study, analysis, optimization and experimental verification of the traditional control strategiesAccording to the PMSG designed in part 1, the DC-link model has been built, as well as the control model of the traditional control strategies, e.g. field-oriented control (FOC), direct torque control (DTC), and the effectiveness of the DC-link voltage stabilization control has been verified in a wide speed range. The theory of active damping has been proposed and analyzed, and has been utilized in the DC-link voltage control. When the load on the DC-link changes, the dynamic response of the DC-link voltage has been greatly accelerated, and it recovers quickly to its reference value. In the meantime, the performance influence of the prime mover speed on the actual system test bench should be considered. Finally, the performance of FOC and DTC has been compared and analyzed. 3. Analysis and experimental verification of the direct voltage control (DVC), and the comparative study of all the studied control strategiesThe derivation process of DVC has been theoretically analyzed: the inner current loops in FOC have been eliminated to obtain the direct voltage field-oriented control (DVFOC); the reference value of d-axis voltage in DVFOC has been replaced by the product of the stator voltage calculated by the speed and the load condition, and the sine value of load angle generated by the DC-link voltage PI controller, in order to form the DVC-1. Further, the DC-link voltage PI controller directly outputs the reference value of load angle and it becomes DVC-2. Finally, the comparative study has been carried out among all the studied control strategies.Doctorat en Sciences de l'ingénieur et technologie
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
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Любарський, Борис Григорович. "Моделювання та розробка комбінованого збудження зварювальних генераторів постійного струму з метою поліпшення їх техніко-економічних показників." Thesis, НТУ "ХПІ", 2001. http://repository.kpi.kharkov.ua/handle/KhPI-Press/5320.
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Дисертація присвячена питанням підвищення ККД зварювальних генераторів постійного струму. З метою підвищення ККД запропонована нова комбінована електромагнітна та магнітоелектрична система збудження зварювального генератора. Розроблена методика розрахунку електромагнітних характеристик генератора за результатами розрахунку магнітного поля методом скінчених елементів. Проведено аналіз впливу торцевих полів розсіювання на адекватність моделі постійного магніту прийнятої при розрахунку магнітного поля. Розроблена математична модель залежності усталеності горіння дуги від довжини повітряного зазору та струму збудження. Створена загальна схема розрахунку зварювального генератора. Розроблено та створено експериментальний зварювальний генератор з комбінованим збудженням та проведено його випробування. Створена модель дослідного зварювального генератора.The dissertation is devoted by a problem of increase efficiency of welding generators of a direct current. With the purpose of increase efficiency the offered new combined electromagnetic and permanent magnet system of excitation of the welding generator. The design procedure of electromagnetic characteristics of the generator on results of calculation of a magnetic field is created by a method of final elements. The analysis of influence of face fields of dispersion on adequacy of model of a constant magnet accepted is carried spent at calculation of a magnetic field. The mathematical model of dependence of stability of burning of an arch from length of an air backlash and a current of excitation is developed. The general circuit of calculation of the welding generator is created. The experimental welding generator with the combined excitation is developed and created and its tests are carried spent. The created model of the experienced welding generator.
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Santos, Michelly Christine dos. "Nanopartículas magnéticas funcionalizadas com bicamada de ácido láurico: caracterização, associação de moléculas bioativas e estudo de interação com BSA." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2012. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/8867.
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Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq
Magnetic nanoparticles with two different chemical compositions, magnetite and zinc doped manganese ferrite were synthesized, functionalized with lauric acid bilayers and dispersed into water yielding stable aqueous colloidal suspensions at physiological pH. Bioactive molecules of different sizes, Amphotericin B and curcumin, were associated to the lauric acid bilayers of the suspended nanoparticles. X-ray diffraction analyses reveled a diffraction pattern characteristic of the cubic spinel crystalline phase for both samples. The nanoparticles average size estimated by Debye-Scherrer’s formula was 9 nm for zinc doped manganese ferrite and 8 nm for magnetite. The hysteresis curves showed that the nanoparticles are super paramagnetic at room temperature with saturation magnetization of 44.2 emug-1 for zinc doped manganese ferrite and 51.5 emug-1 for magnetite. The IR analysis showed the presence of lauric acid associated to the nanoparticles, and the TG curves showed a higher amount of lauric acid bonded to zinc doped manganese ferrite. The hydrodynamic diameters of the nanoparticles indicate that they are dispersed into the suspension as aggregates, and that the association of bioactive molecules did not affect the hydrodynamic sizes of the aggregates. The IR spectra confirmed the presence of bioactive molecules in the formulations and the UV-VIS spectra showed that these molecules are solubilized into the lauric acid bilayers in their monomeric forms. The functionalized nanoparticles containing the bioactive molecules present less negative zeta potential than the lauric acid functionalized nanoparticles, indicating that the bioactive molecules interact with the medium of the suspensions. The evaluation of aggregation of the nanoparticles in cell culture medium showed that the nanoparticles aggregation is significantly reduced by the addition of proteins (FBS and BSA) in cell culture medium. The study of interaction of the nanoparticles with bovine serum albumin before and after the association with the bioactive molecules showed that these systems present great affinity for BSA, with binding constants (Kb) in the range of 105 -106M-1. These results suggest that the nanoparticles functionalized with lauric acid bilayers, pure or associated to amphotericin B and curcumin, can be bioconjugated to proteins producing formulations with higher colloidal stability in biological media.
Nanopartículas magnéticas com duas diferentes composições químicas, magnetita e ferrita de manganês dopada com zinco, foram sintetizadas, funcionalizadas com bicamadas de ácido láurico e dispersas em meio aquoso produzindo suspensões coloidais estáveis em pH fisiológico. Posteriormente, foram associadas moléculas bioativas de tamanhos diferentes, Anfotericina B e curcumina, nas bicamadas de ácido láurico funcionalizadas nos dois tipos de nanopartículas em suspensão. A caracterização estrutural e composicional das nanopartículas foi realizada por difração de raios X e análise química dos teores de íons metálicos. Os difratogramas mostraram um padrão de difração referente à formação de material constituído por uma única fase cristalina cúbica do tipo espinélio. Os tamanhos médios estimados pela fórmula de Debye-Scherrer foram 9 e 8 nm para as nanopartículas de ferrita de manganês dopadas com zinco e de magnetita, respectivamente. Os teores dos íons metálicos indicaram um pequeno desvio na estequiometria final dos sólidos em relação à estequiometria inicial. As técnicas utilizadas para caracterizar as nanopartículas funcionalizadas antes e após a associação da Anfotericina B e da curcumina foram IV, UV-VIS, TG, VSM e ainda foram realizadas medidas de potencial zeta e de diâmetro hidrodinâmico. As curvas de histerese indicaram a formação de nanopartículas superparamagnéticas à temperatura ambiente com magnetização de saturação de 44,2 emug-1 para a ferrita de manganês dopada com zinco e 51,6 emug-1 para a magnetita. As análises de IV mostraram que as nanopartículas foram funcionalizadas com ácido láurico e as curvas de TG indicaram que as nanopartículas de ferrita de manganês dopadas com zinco contêm maior quantidade de ácido láurico do que as nanopartículas de magnetita. Os valores de diâmetros hidrodinâmicos das nanopartículas indicaram que as mesmas estão dispersas na suspensão na forma de agregados e que a associação das moléculas bioativas não influenciou nos tamanhos hidrodinâmicos dos agregados. Os espectros de IV comprovaram a presença das moléculas bioativas nas formulações e a análise dos espectros de UV-VIS mostrou que as moléculas bioativas estão solubilizadas nas bicamadas de ácido láurico em suas formas monoméricas. As nanopartículas funcionalizadas associadas às moléculas bioativas apresentaram potencial zeta menos negativo que as nanopartículas funcionalizadas, indicando que as moléculas bioativas interagem com o meio das suspensões. O estudo de agregação de nanopartículas em meio de cultura celular mostrou que a adição de proteínas contribui significativamente para a diminuição da agregação das nanopartículas neste meio. O estudo de interação entre a albumina de soro bovino (BSA) e as nanopartículas funcionalizadas antes e após a associação das moléculas bioativas mostrou que os sistemas têm grande afinidade com a BSA, com constantes de ligação (Kb) da ordem de 105–106 M-1. Esses resultados sugerem que as nanopartículas funcionalizadas com bicamadas de ácido láurico, puras ou associadas à Anfotericina B e à curcumina podem ser bioconjugadas a essa proteína produzindo formulações com maior estabilidade coloidal em meios biológicos.
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Pennanen, T. (Teemu). "Computational studies of NMR and magneto-optical rotation parameters in water." Doctoral thesis, University of Oulu, 2012. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789514297311.
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Abstract
In this thesis nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and magneto-optical rotation (MOR) parameters are investigated for water, paying special attention to the effect of solvation from gaseous to liquid phase. Nuclear magnetic shielding and quadrupole coupling tensors of NMR spectroscopy are studied for gaseous and liquid water. Liquid state is modelled by a 32-molecule Car-Parrinello molecular dynamics simulation, followed by property calculations for the central molecules in clusters cut out from the simulation trajectory. Gaseous state is similarly represented by a one-molecule simulation. Gas-to-liquid shifts for shielding constants obtained this way are in good agreement with experiments. To get insight into the local environment and its effect on the properties the clusters are divided into groups of distinct local features, namely the number of hydrogen bonds. The analysis shows in detail how the NMR tensors evolve as the environment changes gradually from the gas to liquid upon increasing the number of hydrogen bonds to the molecule of interest. The study sheds light on the usefulness of NMR experiments in investigating the local coordination of liquid water. To go a bit further, the above mentioned NMR parameters along with the spin-spin coupling constant are examined for water dimer in various geometries to have insight into solvation and hydrogen bonding phenomena from bottom to top. Characteristic changes in the properties are monitored as the geometry of the dimer is systematically varied from very close encounter of the monomers to distances and orientations where hydrogen bonding between monomers ceases to exist. No rapid changes during the hydrogen bond breaking are observed indicating that the hydrogen bonding is a continuous phenomenon rather than an on-off situation. However, for analysis purposes we provide an NMR-based hydrogen bond definition, expressed geometrically, based on the behaviour of the NMR properties as a function of dimer geometry. Our definition closely resembles widely used definitions and thus reinforces their validity.
Magneto-optical rotation parameters, the nuclear spin optical rotation (NSOR) and the Verdet constant, are computed for gaseous and liquid water, in the same manner as the NMR properties above. Recent pioneering experiments including NSOR for hydrogen nuclei in liquid water and liquid xenon have demonstrated that this technique has a potential to be a useful new probe of molecular structure. We reproduce computationally, applying a first-principles theory developed recently in the group, the experimental NSOR for hydrogen nuclei in liquid water, and predict hydrogen NSOR in gaseous water along with the oxygen NSOR in liquid and gaseous water. NSOR is an emerging experimental technique that needs interplay between theory and computation for validation, steering and insight.
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Austrin, Lars. "On magnetic amplifiers in aircraft applications." Licentiate thesis, Stockholm : Elektrotekniska system, Kungliga Tekniska högskolan, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-4439.
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Santos, Francisco Paulo dos. "Determinação e analise das constantes de acoplamento nJch (n=2,3,4) em derivados do norbornano." [s.n.], 2009. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/250095.
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Orientador: Claudio Francisco TormenaTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Quimica
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Resumo: A tese está estruturada da seguinte forma. Primeiro uma parte introdutória relatando o efeito das interações hiperconjugativas na constante de acoplamento JXY e uma discussao sobre a as principais metodologias para a determinação de constantes de acoplamento a JXY a longa distância. Nesta primeira parte o leitor e introduzido nos tópicos básicos desta tese. Seguindo o corpo da tese contém os resultados e discussão. Primeiro apresentamos as metodologias para determinação das constantes de acoplamento JCH com enfase para o experimento de HSQMBC e para os experimentos de estado de spin seletivo (HSQC-TOCSY-IPAP e HSQC-TOCSY-IPAP-triplamente editado). Posteriormente apresentamos uma racionalização para a diferença entre os acoplamentos JC4H1 e JC1H4 da 3-exo-2-norbornanona (X = Cl, Br, SCH3). Mostramos que ambos os acoplamentos JC1H e JC4H14 deveriam apresentar uma redução de seus valores, devido as interações hiperconjugativas sC1-C7p*C2=O e sC1-C7s*C2=O que retiram densidade eletrônica do caminho a três ligações.Entretanto, observamos que a existência de uma terceira interação sC3-C4s*C2-O recupera parte da densidade eletrônica do acoplamento JC4H1 através de um caminho adicional a quatro ligações fazendo com que o acoplamento JC4H1 seja maior. Este caminho a quatro ligações é similar ao observado em sistemas homoalílicos, sendo que a principal diferença é a natureza do orbital antiligante, que para nossos sistemas é um orbital do tipo s, enquanto para os homoalílicos é do tipo p.
Abstract: In the introduction, it is presented a discussion about the effect of hyperconjugative interactions on coupling constants and a discussion about some methodologies for the measurement of long range heteronuclear coupling constants. JCH, with special emphasis on HSQMBC experiments and the spin state selective methodologies (HSQC-TOCSY-IPAP and HSQC-TOCSY-IPAP-triple editing). After that, a rationalization of the known difference between the JC4H1 and JC1H4 coupling constant transmitted mainly through the 7-bridge in norbornanone is presented in terms of the effects of hyperconjugative interactions involving the carbonyl group. Theoretical and experimental JC4H couplings were carried out for 3-endo- and 3-exo-X-2-norbornanone (X = Cl, Br, SCH3) and for exo- and endo-2- norbornanes derivatives. The hyperconjugative interactions were studied with the Natural Bond Orbital (NBO) analyses. It was observed that interactions involving the carbonyl p*C2=O and s*C2=O antibonding orbitals produce a decrease of threebond contribution for o both JC4H1 and JC1H4 couplings.However, the latter antibonding orbital also undergoes a strong sC3-C4s*C2=O interaction, which defines an additional coupling pathway for JC4H1 but not for JC1H4 .This pathway is similar to that known for homoallylic couplings, being the only difference the nature of the intermediate antibonding orbital, i.e. for JC4H1 is of s-type, while in homoallylic couplings is of p-type.
Doutorado
Quimica Organica
Doutor em Ciências
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Kato, T., 剛志 加藤, K. Nakazawa, R. Komiya, N. Nishizawa, S. Tsunashima, and S. Iwata. "Compositional Dependence of g-Factor and Damping Constant of GdFeCo Amorphous Alloy Films." IEEE, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/11190.
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Cui, Han. "Constant-Flux Inductor with Enclosed-Winding Geometry for Improved Energy Density." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/34722.
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The passive components such as inductors and capacitors are bulky parts on circuit boards. Researchers in academia, government, and industry have been searching for ways to improve the magnetic energy density and reduce the package size of magnetic parts. The â constant-fluxâ concept discussed herein is leveraged to achieve high magnetic-energy density by distributing the magnetic flux uniformly, leading to inductor geometries with a volume significantly lower than that of conventional products. A relatively constant flux distribution is advantageous not only from the density standpoint, but also from the thermal standpoint via the reduction of hot spots, and from the reliability standpoint via the suppression of flux crowding.
For toroidal inductors, adding concentric toroidal cells of magnetic material and distributing the windings properly can successfully make the flux density distribution uniform and thus significantly improve the power density.
Compared with a conventional toroidal inductor, the constant-flux inductor introduced herein has an enclosed-winding geometry. The winding layout inside the core is configured to distribute the magnetic flux relatively uniformly throughout the magnetic volume to obtain a higher energy density and smaller package volume than those of a conventional toroidal inductor.
Techniques to shape the core and to distribute the winding turns to form a desirable field profile is described for one class of magnetic geometries with the winding enclosed by the core. For a given set of input parameters such as the inductorâ s footprint and thickness, permeability of the magnetic material, maximum permissible magnetic flux density for the allowed core loss, and current rating, the winding geometry can be designed and optimized to achieve the highest time constant, which is the inductance divided by resistance (L/Rdc).
The design procedure is delineated for the constant-flux inductor design together with an example with three winding windows, an inductance of 1.6 µH, and a resistance of 7 mΩ. The constant-flux inductor designed has the same inductance, dc resistance, and footprint area as a commercial counterpart, but half the height.
The uniformity factor α is defined to reflect the uniformity level inside the core volume. For each given magnetic material and given volume, an optimal uniformity factor exists, which has the highest time constant. The time constant varies with the footprint area, inductor thickness, relative permeability of the magnetic material, and uniformity factor. Therefore, the objective for the constant-flux inductor design is to seek the highest possible time constant, so that the constant-flux inductor gives a higher inductance or lower resistance than commercial products of the same volume. The calculated time-constant-density of the constant-flux inductor designed is 4008 s/m3, which is more than two times larger than the 1463 s/m3 of a commercial product.
To validate the concept of constant-flux inductor, various ways of fabrication for the core and the winding were explored in the lab, including the routing process, lasing process on the core, etching technique on copper, and screen printing with silver paste. The most successful results were obtained from the routing process on both the core and the winding. The core from Micrometals has a relative permeability of around 22, and the winding is made of copper sheets 0.5 mm thick. The fabricated inductor prototype shows a significant improvement in energy density: at the same inductance and resistance, the volume of the constant-flux inductor is two times smaller than that of the commercial counterpart.
The constant-flux inductor shows great improvement in energy density and the shrinking of the total size of the inductor below that of the commercial products. Reducing the volume of the magnetic component is beneficial to most power. The study of the constant-flux inductor is currently focused on the dc analysis, and the ac analysis is the next step in the research.Master of Science
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Favaro, Denize Cristina 1987. "Determinação e análise da influência angular e eletrônica nas constantes de acoplamento nJCH em 2-X-4-t-butilcicloexanonas e 2-X-4-t-butilcicloexanóis (X=H, Me, F, Cl, Br)." [s.n.], 2011. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/250091.
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Orientador: Claudio Francisco TormenaDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Química
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Resumo: A dissertação consiste de uma parte introdutória que versa sobre constantes de acoplamento JXH que seguem ou não uma relação de estrita dependência com o ângulo diedro, proposta por Karplus para JHH e por Aydin e Günther para JCH; apresentando como as interações hiperconjugativas afetam os valores das mesmas. Seguindo a estrutura da dissertação temos os resultados e discussão. Primeiro apresentamos a metodologia de HSQC-TOCSY-IPAP utilizada para determinação das constantes de acoplamento JCH. Posteriormente apresentamos uma racionalização para a diferença entre os acoplamentos JC2H6e para as cetonas cis/trans-2-X-4-t-butilcicloexanonas (X = H, Me, F, Cl e Br) e entre os alcoóis derivados. Mostramos, também, qual a influência do ângulo de ligação C2-C1-C6 na constante de acoplamento JC2H6e onde observamos que para a maioria dos compostos o valor de JC2H6e possui uma relação inversa com esse ângulo interno. Além disso, analisou-se o efeito das interações hiperconjugativas sC1-C6s*C2-Br, LP2(O)s*C1-C2 e LP3(X)s*C1-C2, onde as duas primeiras interações tornam mais efetiva a transmissão do acoplamento e a última retira densidade eletrônica do caminho a três ligações. Por fim, observamos a aplicabilidade das regras propostas por Marshall, Contreras e col. na racionalização da diferença dos valores de JC2H3a quando o heteroátomo ligado ao C2 se encontra na orientação axial ou equatorial
Abstract: It is presented an overview about heteronuclear coupling constants JXH and their strict dependence with the dihedral angle, as proposed by Karplus for JHH and by Aydin and Günther for JCH. It is also presented descriptions about the effects of hyperconjugative interactions on coupling constants and also on the HSQC-TOCSY-IPAP methodology for the measurements of long range heteronuclear coupling constants (JCH). The experimental values for JCH couplings obtained from HSQC-TOCSY-IPAP and rationalization of the difference between the JC2H6e for cis/trans-2-X-4-t-butylcyclohexanones and 2-X-4-t-butylcyclohexanols (X = H, Me, F, Cl and Br) based on the effects of bond angle C2-C1-C6 and hyperconjugative interactions involving the sC1-C6, LP2(O) and LP3(X) has been presented and discussed. The hyperconjugative interactions were studied with the Natural Bond Orbital (NBO) analyses. It was observed that interactions such as, sC1-C6s*C2-Br and LP2(O)s*C1-C2 increase the JC2H6e values and LP3(X)s*C1-C2 decreases this coupling constant values. Furthermore, we observed the applicability of the rules proposed by Marshall and Contreras in the rationalization of the difference between values of JC2H3a when heteroatom on carbon C2 is in the axial or equatorial orientation
Mestrado
Quimica Organica
Mestre em Química
15
Silva, Caio Ricardo Faiad da 1987. "Estudo experimental de teórico das constantes de acoplamento n ANTPOT. ('J IND. ch') (n= 1,2,3) em adamantanos substituídos." [s.n.], 2011. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/249182.
Full textAbstract:
Orientador: Roberto Rittner NetoDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Química
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Resumo: A introdução da dissertação consiste na breve descrição da racionalização de acoplamentos JCH (n = 1, 2 e 3), das etapas de cálculos teóricos e das duas técnicas recentemente implementadas no IQ-Unicamp: HSQC-TOCSY-IPAP e IPAP-HSQMBC. A primeira parte da seção Resultados e Discussão trata da determinação experimental dos acoplamentos nos derivados de adamantano. Na parte que aborda as constantes calculadas é mostrado que não há necessidade de alto rigor teórico nos cálculos de otimização de geometria para moléculas rígidas em estudos de constante de acoplamento. As estruturas otimizadas nos níveis de teoria PM3 e B3LYP não apresentaram diferenças nos parâmetros geométricos e nem nas constantes de acoplamento teóricas. Sendo assim, o tempo para a obtenção dos resultados utilizando o método PM3 é drasticamente diminuído. A última parte dos Resultados e Discussão consiste na racionalização os JCH. A introdução do substituinte no adamantano não provoca modificação estrutural e por isso as variações das JCH são atribuídas às interações hiperconjugativas. O aumento do JCßHß para todos os derivados e devido a interação do substituinte com o sCC ou sCC*. Já para os JCaHb e JCaHg é observado que para os substituintes CN, C(O)CH3 e C(O)NH2 a interacao sCaCb n*CO ou sCaCb n*CN, que retira densidade eletrônica do caminho do acoplamento, não permitem que haja aumento nessas constantes. Para os demais substituintes as interações NXs*CaCb, que aumenta a densidade eletrônica do caminho do acoplamento, são os responsaveis pelo aumento desse acoplamento
Abstract: In the Introduction section, there are short descriptions of the: a) rationalization of spin-spin couplings JCH (n = 1, 2 e 3); b) the steps of theoretical calculations; and c) two NMR experiments recently implemented at IQ-UNICAMP: HSQC-TOCSY-IPAP and IPAP-HSQMBC. The first part of Results and Discussion approaches the experimental determination of the spin-spin coupling constants (SSCC) in adamantane derivatives. The second part approaches theoretical spin-spin coupling constants. In this part is shown that isn ft necessary high precision in theoretical calculations of geometry optimization for studies of spin-spin coupling constants in rigid molecules. The optimizated structures at PM3 and B3LYP level of theory present no difference geometrical parameters as well as the theoretical values of SSCC. The results lead a decrease in the computational efforts. The last part of Results and Discussion is about rationalization of JCH. The substituent in adamantane doesn ft cause structural changes, so the variations in JCH are attributed to hyperconjugation. The increase in JCßHß for all derivatives is due to interaction between substituent and C-C bond (sCC or sCC*). For the JCaHb and JCaHg is observed that for the CN, C(O)CH3 and C(O)NH2 substituents the interaction sCaCb n*CO ou sCaCb n*CN, which removes electronic density in coupling pathway, doesn ft allow no increase in these constants. For the others substituents interactions NXs*CaCb, which increases electronic density in coupling pathway, are responsible for the increase in these spin-spin coupling constants
Mestrado
Quimica Organica
Mestre em Química
16
Sun, P., J. R. Jokipii, and J. Giacalone. "PITCH-ANGLE SCATTERING OF ENERGETIC CHARGED PARTICLES IN NEARLY CONSTANT MAGNITUDE MAGNETIC TURBULENCE." IOP PUBLISHING LTD, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/621389.
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We use a method developed by Roberts. that optimizes the phase angles of an ensemble of plane waves with amplitudes determined from a Kolmogorov-like power spectrum, to construct magnetic field vector fluctuations having nearly constant magnitude and large variances in its components. This is a representation of the turbulent magnetic field consistent with that observed in the solar wind. Charged-particle pitch-angle diffusion coefficients are determined by integrating the equations of motion for a large number of charged particles moving under the influence of forces from our predefined magnetic field. We tested different cases by varying the kinetic energy of the particles (E-p) and the turbulent magnetic field variance (sigma(2)(B)). For each combination of E-p and sigma(2)(B), we tested three different models: (1) the so-called "slab" model, where the turbulent magnetic field depends on only one spatial coordinate and has significant fluctuations in its magnitude (b=root delta B-x(2)(z)+ delta B-y(2)(z) + B-0(2)); (2) the slab model optimized with nearly constant magnitude b; and. (3) the slab model turbulent magnetic field with nearly constant magnitude plus a "variance-conserving" adjustment. In the last case, this model attempts to conserve the variance of the turbulent components (sigma(2)(Bx) + sigma(2)(By)), which is found to decrease during the optimization with nearly constant magnitude. We found that there is little or no effect on the pitch-angle diffusion coefficient D mu mu between. models 1 and 2. However, the result from model 3. is significantly different. We also introduce a new method to accurately determine the pitch-angle diffusion coefficients as a function of mu.
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Wang, Guisheng. "The Effect of Long Range Order on Elastic Properties of Alloys." Licentiate thesis, KTH, Tillämpad materialfysik, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-152529.
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Ab initio alloy theory, formulated within the exact muffin-tin orbitals method in combination with the coherent-potential approximation, is used to determine the effect of long range order on the elastic properties. The lattice parameters and single-crystal elastic constants of Cu3Au are calculated for different partially ordered structures ranging from the fully ordered L12 to the random face centered cubic lattice. Special attention is put on the chemical and magnetic effects and on the interplay between these two degrees of freedom. For non-magnetic Cu3Au, it was found that the lattice parameters and single-crystal elastic constants follow a clear trend with the degree of chemical order: namely, C11 and C12 decrease slightly, whereas C44 remains nearly constant with increasing disorder. As none of the single-crystal elastic constants were modified significantly due to the long-range-order, the polycrystalline elastic moduli of Cu3Au also keep nearly constant upon ordering. The Debye temperature does not show a strong chemical order dependence either. Using the calculated Debye temperatures, we find that for the entropy change upon order-disorder transition varies between −0.018 kB and 0.022 kB, the upper value being surprisingly close to 0.023 kB observed in experiments. However, some of the elastic constants of ferromagnetic Ni3Fe, adopting the same crystal lattice as Cu3Au, were affected considerably. For the lattice parameter a, the main effect of magnetism is concentrated in the chemically dis-ordered region, with long-range order parameter S below ∼ 0.6 and the effect gradually disappears with increasing S. In the ferromagnetic state, the lattice parameter is almost constant as a function of the degree of order. Out of the three single-crystal elastic constants, only C11 and C12 are found to be affected by magnetism in the ordered state, however, their combined effect results in a nearly constant bulk modulus as a function of S. C44 changes slightly with S and magnetic state. The tetragonal shear elastic constant C´ , the Young’s modulus E and the shear modulus G increase significantly with the degree of order in the ferromagnetic state, but the effect becomes weak as the system approaches the random regime. Especially the C´ shear elastic constant depends strongly on the magnetic state and the degree of order. As a result, the Zener anisotropy ratio C44/C´ and the Possion’s ratio are strongly affected by the long-range order in the ferromagnetic state. Nevertheless, the actual values for the Pugh ratio and the Cauchy pressure remain far from their critical values, indicating that the ductility of Ni3Fe is not influenced by the chemical/magnetic ordering. Interestingly, the ferromagnetic L12 system possesses ∼5.4% larger elastic Debye temperature than the paramagnetic one, which in turn has similar ΘD as the chemically disordered face centered cubic phase being in either ferro-or paramagnetic state. The implications of the chemical/magnetic order on the mechanical properties and order-disorder transition is discussed.QC 20140929
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Adam, Ahmad Yahia. "Theoretical Prediction of Nuclear Magnetic Shielding Constants of Acetonitrile." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/76769.
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Gauge invariant shielding constants calculations of ?H, ?C, and ??N were calculated for acetonitrile in the gas and liquid phases. Dierent basis sets as well as dierent ab initio and DFT methods were tested to select a time-ecient level of theory with reasonable accuracy. The eect of nuclear motion on the shielding constants was also explored. To investigate solvent eects on the shielding constants of acetonitrile, dierent clusters were extracted from molecular dynamics simulations. Convergence to the experimental values varied for the dierent clusters. The geometry of the central molecule in a cluster played an important factor in reaching convergence.Master of Science
19
Delczeg-Czirjak, Erna-Krisztina. "Energy Relevant Materials: Investigations Based on First Principles." Licentiate thesis, KTH, Materialvetenskap, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-25050.
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Energy production, storage and efficient usage are all crucial factors for environmentally sound and sustainable future technologies. One important question concerns the refrigeration industry, where the energy efficiency of the presently used technologies is at best 40% of the theoretical Carnot limit. Magnetic refrigerators offer a modern low-energy demand and environmentally friendly alternative. Iron phosphide based materials have been proposed to be amongst the most promising candidates for working body of magnetic refrigerators. Hydrogen is one of the central elements on the most promising sources of renewable energy. Considerable international research focuses on finding good solid state materials for hydrogen storage. On the other hand, hydrogen gas is obtained from hydrogen containing chemical compounds, which after breaking the chemical bounds usually yield to a mixture of different gases. Palladium-silver alloys are frequently used for hydrogen separation membranes for producing purified hydrogen gas. All these applications need a fundamental understanding of the structural, magnetic, chemical and thermophysical properties of the involved solid state materials. In the present thesis ab initio electronic structure methods are used to study the crystallographic and magnetic properties of Fe2P based magneto-caloric compounds and the thermophysical properties of Pd-Ag binary alloys. Lattice stability of pure Fe2P and the effect of Si doping on the phase stability are presented. In contrast to the observation, for the ferromagnetic state the body centered orthorhombic structure (bco, space group Imm2) is predicted to have lower energy than the hexagonal structure (hex, space group P62m). The zero-point spin fluctuation energy difference is found to be large enough to stabilize the hex phase. For the paramagnetic state, the hex structure is shown to be the stable phase and the computed total energy versus composition indicates a hex to bco crystallographic phase transition with increasing Si content. The magneto-structural effects and the mechanisms responsible for the structural phase transition are discussed in details. The magnetic properties of Fe2P can be subtly tailored by Mn doping. It has been shown experimentally that Mn atoms preferentially occupy one of the two different Fe sites of Fe2P. Theoretical results for the Mn site occupancy in MnFeP1-xSix are presented. The single crystal and polycrystalline elastic constants and the Debye temperature of Pd1-xAgx binary alloys are calculated for the whole range of concentration, 0≤x≤1. It is shown that the variation of the elastic parameters of Pd-Ag alloys with chemical composition strongly deviates from the simple expected trend. The complex electronic origin of these anomalies is demonstrated. Within the present thesis, all relaxed crystal structures are obtained using the Projector AugmentedWave full-potential method. The chemical and magnetic disorder is treated using the Exact Muffin-Tin Orbitals method in combination with the Coherent Potential Approximation. The paramagnetic phase is modeled by the Disordered Local Magnetic Moments approach.QC 20101101
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Favaro, Denize Cristina 1987. "Estudo dos mecanismos de transmissão dos acoplamentos escalares via ligação e/ou via nuvem eletrônica próxima no espaço e estudos de difusão (DOSY) de 19F." [s.n.], 2014. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/250094.
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Orientador: Claudio Francisco TormenaTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Química
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Resumo: A tese "Estudo dos mecanismos de transmissão dos acoplamentos escalares via ligações e/ou via nuvem eletrônica próxima no espaço e estudos de difusão (DOSY) de 19F" é composta de 5 capítulos. O primeiro capítulo é uma visão geral sobre Ressonância Magnética Nuclear (RMN), sequências de pulso para determinação experimental das constantes de acoplamento, mecanismos envolvidos na transmissão desse importante parâmetro de RMN e Teoria dos Orbitais Naturais de Ligação (NBO). No segundo capítulo há uma introdução sobre acoplamentos transmitidos "espacialmente" (TS). Posteriormente, os valores de nJFN, cujo n4, são correlacionados com distância (dFN) e densidade eletrônica ao longo do caminho do acoplamento. No terceiro capítulo os mecanismos de transmissão da constante de acoplamento JFH em 2-F-benzaldeído foram investigados. A motivação para este estudo foi a observação do maior valor dessa constante em meio polar. Os resultados teóricos mostraram que a forma sinperiplanar é a mais estável, porém a porcentagem da forma antiperiplanar aumenta em solvente polar. Além disso, os resultados teóricos suportam um JFH maior para a forma anti. Esses resultados corroboram com o dado experimental acima mencionado. Seguindo a apresentação dos resultados, o capítulo 4 versa sobre o uso de constante de acoplamento vicinal (3JCH) para a determinação da estereoquímica de duplas ligações. Primeiro apresentamos a metodologia sel-HSQMBC-TOCSY utilizada para determinação do acoplamento 3JCH. Posteriormente apresentamos uma racionalização para os valores observados para derivados de quinolina e pirrolizidinonas, mostrando a importância da ocupância dos orbitais e da % de caráter s dos carbonos envolvidos para a transmissão desse acoplamento. Por fim, no capítulo 5 são apresentados os resultados para os experimentos de DOSY (Diffusion Ordered SpectroscopY). Neste capítulo apresentamos a sequência Oneshot-19F{1H} uma modificação da sequência original Oneshot-1H para detecção de 19F com desacoplamento de 1H
Abstract: The thesis "Study of the mechanisms of transmission of the scalar couplings through bond and/or through the electronic cloud close in space and studies of diffusion (DOSY) of 19F" is composed by 5 chapters. The first chapter is an overview of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), pulse sequences to determine experimentally scalar spin-spin coupling constants (SSCC), mechanisms involved in the transmission of SSCC and Natural Bond Orbital analysis (NBO). The second chapter introduced the through space coupling constant (TS) transmission pathway. In addition, it was proposed a correlation among the values of nJFN, with n?4, the distance (dFN) and the electronic density along the coupling pathway. In the third chapter the mechanisms involved in the transmission of the JFH coupling constant in 2-F-benzaldehyde were investigated. The experimental observation of a higher coupling constant in polar solvent compared to the nonpolar one was our motivation to evaluate in details this coupling constant. It is important to highlight that was not possible to determine experimentally this coupling constant in nonpolar solvent because the value is smaller than spectral resolution. From theoretical calculation it was observed that the syn periplanar is the most stable conformer, however the population of the antiperiplanar conformer increases in polar solvent. Besides, the theoretical results support higher JFH value for the antiperiplanar conformer in comparison to syn periplanar. These results are in agreement with the experimental. Following the discussion, chapter 4 is related to the application of vicinal coupling constant (3JCH) for relatively stereochemical determination. The experimental 3JCH coupling was measured using sel-HSQMBC-TOCSY pulse sequence. In addition, it was done a rationalization of the couplings observed for quinolines and pirrozilidinones derivatives, suggesting that the % s character of the carbons and occupancy of the orbitals involved in the coupling pathway describes the experimental behavior. Finally, chapter 5 introduces the use of DOSY (Diffusion Ordered SpectroscopY). For this purpose, It was designed a pulse sequence dubbed Oneshot-19F{1H} ¿ consisting in a modification of the original Oneshot-1H to allow radiofrequency changes between 1H and 19F channels and a 1H decoupling during 19F acquisition
Doutorado
Quimica Organica
Doutora em Ciências
21
Castro, Aguilera Abril Carolina. "Computational study of nuclear magnetic shielding constants." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Girona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/565597.
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Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is an indispensable structural tool in the modern analytical arsenal of chemists and structural biologists. The present thesis is a computational study of the NMR shift constants in a number of chemical systems of interest, using both static and dynamic approaches via Density Functional Theory, to predict, confirm the presence of transient species, and/or explain ambiguous signals in the NMR spectra. Special attention was put on cases where there are strong interactions between the solvent and the molecule studied. In addition, this thesis addresses other methodological issues that influence the quality of the calculated NMR chemical shifts such as the level of theory, the explicit inclusion of solvent molecules, the choice of the reference molecule, as well as the relativistic effects for heavy element compoundsL’espectroscòpia de Ressonància Magnètica Nuclear (RMN) és una eina indispensable en el modern arsenal de químics analítics i biòlegs estructurals.La present tesi és un estudi computacional dels desplaçaments químics de RMN en un nombre de compostos químics d’interès, usant aproximacions estàtiques i dinàmiques mitjançant la teoria del funcional de la densitat, la qual ajudarà a predir, a confirmar i/o a complementar dades obtingudes experimentalment. S’ha donat especial atenció en casos on existeixen fortes interaccions substrat-solvent. Addicionalment, aquesta tesi aborda altres problemes metodològics que afecten la qualitat dels desplaçaments químics teòrics com el nivell de teoria, la inclusió explícita de molècules de solvent, l’elecció de la molècula de referència, així com els efectes relativistes en compostos que contenen àtoms pesats
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Saldanha, Carlos M. "An algebraic constraint system for computer-aided design in magnetics /." Thesis, McGill University, 1988. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=64003.
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Randewijk, Peter-Jan. "Analysis of a radial flux-air-cored permanent magnet machine with a double-sided rotor and non overlapping windings." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/20246.
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Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2012.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: In this dissertation a new type of electrical machine, a Radial Flux Air-Cored Permanent Magnet machine with a Double-sided Rotor and utilising concentrated, non-overlapping windings, is proposed. The concept of the Double-sided Rotor Radial Flux Air-Cored Permanent Magnet machine, or RFAPM machine for short, was derived from the Double-sided Rotor Axial Flux Air-Cored Permanent Magnet (AFAPM) machine. One of the problems that AFAPM machines experience, is the deflection of the rotor discs due to the strong magnetic pull of the permanent magnets, especially with double-sided rotor machines. The main advantage of a RFAPM machine over a AFAPM machine is that the rotor back-iron is cylindrically shaped instead of disk shaped. Due to the structural integrity of a cylinder, the attraction force between the two rotors does not come into play any more. The focus of this dissertation is on a thorough analytical analysis of the Double-Sided Rotor RFAPM machine. With the RFAPM being an air-cored machine, the feasibility to develop a linear, analytical model, to accurately predict the radial flux-density and hence the induced EMF in the stator windings, as well as the accurate calculation of the developed torque of the machine, needed to be investigated. The need for a thorough analytical examination of the Double-Sided Rotor RFAPM machine stemmed from the need to reduce the blind reliance on Finite Element Modelling (FEM) software to calculate the back-EMF and torque produced by these machines. Another problem experienced with the FEM software was to obtain accurate torque results. Excessive ripple torque oscillations were sometimes experienced which took a considerable amount of time to minimise with constant refinement to the meshing of the machine parts. Reduction in the mesh element size unfortunately also added to the simulation time. The requirement for an accurate analytical model of the RFAPM machine was also necessary in order to reduce the amount of time spent on successive FEM simulation to obtain the optimum pole arc width of the permanent magnet in order to minimise the harmonic content of the radial flux-density distribution in the the stator windings. In this dissertation, the use of single-layer and double-layer, non-overlapping, concentrated winding for the RFAPM machine is also investigated. It was decided to include a comparison of these two non-overlapping winding configurations with a “hypothetical” concentrated, overlapping winding configuration. This would allow us to gauge the effectiveness of using nonoverlapping winding with respect to the reduction in copper losses as well as in the reduction in copper volume. It would also allow us to investigate the extent of how much the developed torque is affected by using non-overlapping windings instead of overlapping windings.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: In hierdie proefskrif word ’n nuwe tipe elektriese masjien, ’n Radiale-vloed Lugkern Permanent Magneet Masjien met ’n dubbelkantige rotor en nie-oorvleuelende Windings voorgestel. Die konsep vir die Radiale-vloed Lugkern Permanent Magneet Masjien, of RVLPM vir kort, is afgelei vanaf die Dubbelkantige Rotor, Aksiale-vloed Lugkern (AVLPM) masjien. Een van die probleme wat met AVLPM masjiene ondervind word, is die defleksie van die rotorjukke as gevolg van die sterk aantrekkingskragte van die permanente magnete, veral in dubbelkantige rotor masjiene. Die hoof voordeel wat die RVLPM masjien inhou bo die AVLPM masjien, is die feit dat die RVLPM se rotorjukke silindries is in plaas van ronde skywe. As gevolg van die strukturele integriteit van ’n silinders, speel die aantrekkingskrag van die permanente magnete nie meer ’n rol nie. Die fokus van die proefskrif gaan oor die deeglike analitiese analise van die dubbelkantige RVLPM masjien. Weens die feit dat die RVLPM masjien ’n lugkern masjien is, is daar besluit om ondersoek in te stel na die moontlikheid om ’n lineêre, analitiese model vir die masjien op te stel waarmee die radiale-vloeddigtheid, teen-EMK asook die ontwikkelde draaimoment vir die masjien akkuraat bereken kan word. Die behoefde aan ’n akkurate analitiese model vir die dubbelkantige rotor RVLPM masjien is om die blinde vertroue te elimineer wat daar in Eindige-Element Modellering (EEM) sagteware gestel word om die teen-EMK en ontwikkelde draaimoment van die RVLPM masjien uit te werk. ’n Verdere probleem wat daar met EEM sagteware ondervind is, is die akkurate berekening van die ontwikkelde draaimoment. Oormatige rimpel draaimoment ossillasies is soms ondervind wat heelwat tyd geverg het om te minimeer, deur voortdurende verfyning van die EEM maas in die verskillende dele van die masjien. Soos die maas egter kleiner word, verleng dit die simulasie tyd van die EEM aansienlik. Nog ’n rede vir ’n akkurate analitiese model van die RVLPM masjien, is om vinnige metode te verkry om die optimale permanente magneet pool hoekwydte te verkry, wat die minste Totale Harmoniese Vervorming (THV) in die radiale-vloeddigtheidsdistribusie in die statorgebied sal veroorsaak, sonder om herhaaldelike EEM simulasies te loop. In die proefskrif word die gebruik van enkellaag en dubbellaag, nie- oorvleuelende, gekonsentreerde wikkelings vir die RVLPM masjien ook ondersoek. Daar is besluit om hierdie twee nie-oorvleuelende windingskonfigurasies met ’n “hipotetiese” gekonsentreerde, oorvleuelende windingskonfigurasie te vergelyk. Dit behoort ons in staat te stel om die doeltreffendheid van nie-oorvleuelende windings te bepaal, met betrekking tot die afname in koperverliese asook die afname in kopervolume. Verder sal dit ons in staat stel om ook mate waartoe die ontwikkelde draaimoment deur nie-oorvleuelende windings beïnvloed word, te ondersoek.
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Richardson, Julia Margaret. "The measurement of coupling constants and the use of heteronuclear cross-polarisation in NMR experiments for the study of proteins." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.281970.
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Russ, Jennifer Lynn. "Studies of Solution Paramagnetic-Substrate Nuclear and Electron Intermolecular Interactions." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/27050.
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Advanced nuclear and electron magnetic resonance techniques (i.e. nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)) were used to study the attitude and dynamics of TEMPO (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidinyloxy)-substrate systems and the relaxivity properties of water-soluble trimetallic nitride template functionalized endohedral metallofullerenes (TNT-fMF). The attitude and average distance of interaction for each TEMPO-substrate system was determined from comparing density functional theory (DFT) calculation results with experimental hyperfine coupling constants leading to an improved understanding of solution dynamics. The short-lived solvent-solute interactions of the TEMPO-substrate molecules, such as transient complex formation, are governed by weak hydrogen-bonding interactions. The collisions in solution were explained by determining the favored orientations of the two molecules interacting using calculated relative energy minima and reproducibility of the experimental results by the calculated coupling constants.
Water-soluble TNT-fMFs are studied as candidates for the next generation MRI contrast agents as diagnostic agents and also as possible therapeutic agents to kill cancer cells and decrease tumors. The TNT-fMFs are being studied as part of a multi-modal platform dependent upon which metal atoms are encapsulated inside: Gd â MRI contrast agent (diagnostic), Lu and Ho â radio labeled for use as a therapeutic agent, Tb â fluorescence, and Lu â x-ray contrast. The current commercial MRI contrast agent, OmniscanTM, contains one gadolinium atom; however, the metal is complexed to, not encapsulated in, the molecule. TNT-fMFs fully encapsulate three metal atoms to ensure the patient does not run the risk of metal poisoning. The r1 and r2 relaxivities of TNT-fMFs containing either Gd, Lu, Ho, or Sc metals were measured at 0.35T. The data for the Gd containing TNT-fMFs indicated the metallofullerene has significantly higher relaxivities than OmniscanTM, and can be the next generation MRI contrast agent. The Ho containing species has a high r2/r1 ratio compared to the other samples showing it is a potential T2 agent, and has therapeutic capabilities.Ph. D.
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Negodaev, Igor. "The calculation of the thermal dependency of the magnetic susceptibility in extended systems with ab initio electronic structure parameters." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/31934.
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La tesi estudia l'acoblament magnètic en sistemes de diferent dimensionalitat amb mètodes multireferencials. L’objectiu principal del treball és calcular propietats macroscòpiques, com la dependència de la susceptibilitat magnètica amb la temperatura, a partir de la constant d'intercanvi magnètic calculada, J. Aquest paràmetre microscòpic quantifica la interacció magnètica entre dos centres i es pot extreure per ajust de la corba de susceptibilitat experimental en sistemes finits però això no és possible en sistemes magnètics infinits com cadenes o capes 2D.
L’estratègia del treball és calcular J en petits clusters i simular els sistemes estesos utilitzant aquesta J en l’Hamiltonià de Heisenberg en models de 8 a 16 centres. Amb l’espectre obtingut es construeixen les corbes de dependència tèrmica de la susceptibilitat magnètica que, comparades amb les experimentals, donen la possibilitat de quantificar les interaccions magnètiques dels materials estudiats a nivell microscòpic.
S'han estudiat diferents tipus de sistemes estesos com cadenes i xarxes hexagonals, on els centres magnètics són ions de metalls de transició.The thesis studies the magnetic coupling in systems of different dimensionality, by using multireference methods. The aim of the work is to determine macroscopic properties such as the thermal dependency of magnetic susceptibility, from the calculated magnetic exchange constant J. This microscopic parameter quantifies the magnetic interaction between two magnetic sites and can be extracted from the experimental susceptibility curve in finite systems. However this extraction is not possible in extended magnetic systems such as chains or 2D-layers. The strategy followed consists in calculating J in small clusters and in simulating the extended systems by introducing the calculated J in the Heisenberg Hamiltonian of 8 to 16 site models. From the spectrum, the thermal dependency of the magnetic susceptibility is the calculated. When compared to the experimental one, this curve gives a quantification of the magnetic interactions of the studied materials at the microscopic level. We have studied different types of extended systems such as chains and hexagonal lattices, where the magnetic sites are transition metal ions.
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Chater, Rabah. "Etude des antimonites MeSb 2 O 4 à basse température : évolution structurale, thermodynamique, propriétés élastiques et magnétiques anisotropes ; modélisation." Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066219.
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Etude par diffraction des RX et de neutrons, spectroscopie Raman et IR, chaleur massique, susceptibilité magnétique des antimonites (MNNifezn)sb2o4. Interprétation quantitative des anomalies de dilatation liées à Tltn dans le cas des composés de Ma et Fe. Définition d'un champ de force cohérent avec un potentiel de paires simplifié.
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Leach, Jacob H. "Tuning of electrical properties in InAlN/GaN HFETs and Ba0.5Sr0.5TiO3/YIG Phase Shifters." VCU Scholars Compass, 2010. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/2035.
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Engineers know well from an early point in their training the trials and tribulations of having to make design tradeoffs in order to optimize one performance parameter for another. Discovering tradeoff conditions that result in the elimination of a loss associated with the enhancement of some other parameter (an improvement over a typical tradeoff), therefore, ushers in a new paradigm of design in which the constraints which are typical of the task at hand are alleviated. We call such a design paradigm “tuning” as opposed to “trading off”, and this is the central theme of this work. We investigate two types of microwave electronic devices, namely GaN-based heterostructure field effect transistors (HFETs) and tunable ferroelectric-ferrite-based microwave phase shifters. The “tuning” associated with these types of devices arises from the notion of an optimal 2DEG density, capable of achieving higher performance in terms of electron velocity and enhanced reliability in the case of the HFET, and the coupling of ferroelectric and ferrite materials in tunable microwave phase shifters, capable of achieving high differential phase shifts while at the same time mitigating the losses associated with impedance mismatching which typically arise when the phase is tuned. Promises and problems associated with HFET devices based on the intriguing InAlN/GaN material system will be described. We focus on the fundamental problem associated with the induction of the large density of carriers at the interface, namely the disintegration of an excess of longitudinal optical phonons (hot phonons) in the channel. We use microwave measurements in conjunction with stress tests to evidence the existence of an optimal 2DEG density wherein the hot phonon effect can be “tuned,” which allows for enhanced high frequency performance as well as device reliability. Next, we focus on the design, fabrication, and measurement of tunable phase shifters consisting of thin films of BaxSr1-xTiO3 (BST), which has the advantage of having high dielectric tunability as well as relatively low microwave loss. We discuss the design, fabrication, and measurement of a simple coplanar waveguide (CPW) type of phase shifter as well as a more complicated “hybrid” phase shifter consisting of a ferrite (YIG) in addition to BST. The use of such a bilayer allows one to “tune” the impedance of the phase shifters independently of the phase velocity through careful selection of the DC biasing magnetic fields, or alternatively through the use of an additional piezoelectric layer, bonded to YIG whose permeability can then be tuned through magnetostriction.
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Sá, Franciéli Lima de. "Estudo do acionamento do motor síncrono de ímãs permanentes: abordagem baseada no controle vetorial com ângulo de torque constante." Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, 2010. http://tede.udesc.br/handle/handle/1904.
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In this work is introduced a study of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM), involving issues about constructive characteristics, modeling, control and simulation. Initially, are studied the constructive characteristics, principally in that refers of the magnets disposition in the rotor. Then, are shown some applications for the PMSM. The mathematic model of PMSM is developed starting of stationary reference frame and utilizing the rotation transformation for obtain the equations of currents and voltage in the rotor reference frame. The feed shape of the PMSM is an analysis of extreme importance in the study of this motor, for this reason also is show in this work. The vector control is analyzed in the sequence, utilizing the direct method for the rotor flux and considering the approach with Constant torque control. Are presents some techniques for the design of controllers of speed and current loops. Through the performed simulations, are analyzed and compared the several technical approached. The results obtained show that the vector control approach with constant torque angle applied to the PMSM presents a good dynamic response for motor drive.
Neste trabalho, é apresentado um estudo do Motor Síncrono de Ímãs Permanentes (MSIP) envolvendo questões pertinentes às características construtivas, modelamento, controle e simulação. Inicialmente, são estudadas as características construtivas, principalmente no que se refere à disposição dos ímãs no rotor. Em seguida são mostradas algumas aplicações para o MSIP. O modelo matemático do MSIP é desenvolvido partindo do referencial estacionário e utilizando a transformação de rotação para se obter as equações de corrente e tensão no referencial girante. A forma de alimentação do MSIP é uma análise de extrema importância no estudo deste motor, e por esta razão também é mostrada neste trabalho. O controle vetorial é analisado na seqüência, utilizando o método direto pelo fluxo de rotor e considerando a abordagem com controle de torque constante. São apresentadas algumas técnicas para o projeto dos controladores das malhas de corrente e velocidade. Através das simulações realizadas, são analisadas e comparadas as diversas técnicas abordadas. Os resultados obtidos mostram que o controle vetorial com abordagem do ângulo de torque constante aplicado ao MSIP apresenta uma boa resposta dinâmica para o acionamento do motor.
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Huang, Lunmei. "Computational Material Design : Diluted Magnetic Semiconductors for Spintronics." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-7800.
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Sbai, Youssef. "Analyse semi-classique des opérateurs périodiques perturbés." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0270/document.
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Cette thèse traite de certaines propriétés spectrales de deux classes spécifiques des opérateurs périodiques. Nous nous intéressons tout d’abord à un modèle périodique perturbée par un opérateur dépendant d’un petit paramètre semi-classique. Nous obtenons alors le comportement asymptotique de la fonction du comptage des valeurs propres dans les gaps spectrales avec une estimation optimale du reste. Le second modèle étudié dans cette thèse est un modèle elliptique périodique d’ordre deux perturbée par un opérateur dépendant d’une grande constante de couplage. Nous donnons également la description de la fonction de compactage des valeurs propres lorsque la constante de couplage tend vers l’infini. La dernière partie de cette thèse discute l’étude du spectre discret de l’opérateur de Schrödinger avec un potentiel très oscillent dépendant d’un petit paramètre semi-classiqueThis Ph.D thesis deals with some spectral properties of two specific classes of two periodic operators. We are firstly interested in the model periodic perturbed by operator depending on a small semi-classical constant. We obtain an asymptotic behavior of the eigenvalue counting function in the spectral gaps with scharp remainder estimate. The second model studied in this thesis is a two-dimensional periodic elliptic second order opera-tor perturbed by operator depending on a large coupling constant. We also give the description of the counting function of eigenvalues when the coupling constant tends to infinity. The last part of this thesis highlights the study the spectrum of a Schrödinger operator perturbed by a fast oscillatingdecaying potential depending on a small parameter
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Chen, Fu-Tseng Andy. "Molecular Dynamics in the Liquid Phase by FT-NMR, FT-IR and Laser Raman Lineshape Analysis." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1988. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc330608/.
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Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) provides a convenient probe for the study of molecular reorientation in liquids because nuclear spin-lattice relaxation times are dependent upon the details of molecular motion. The combined application of Raman and Infrared (IR) lineshape analysis can furnish more complete information to characterize the anisotropic rotation of molecules. Presented here are the studies of NMR relaxation times, together with Raman/IR Mneshape analysis of the solvent and temperature dependence of rotational diffusion in 1,3,5-tribromobenzene and 1,3,5-trifluorobenzene. In these experiments, it was found that the rotational diffusion constants calculated from Perrin's stick model were two to three times smaller than the measured values of D, and D,,. Similarly, rotational diffusion constants predicted by the Hu-Zwanzig slip model were too large by a factor of 2. Application of the newer Hynes-Kapral-Weinberg model furnished rotational diffusion constants that were in reasonable agreement with the experimental results. The vibrational peak frequencies and relaxation times of the isotropic Raman spectra of the υ1 modes of CD2Br2 and CHBr3 were studied in solution. The frequency shifts in non-interactive solvents were explained well on the basis of solution variations in the dispersion energy. In Lewis bases, the displacements were in some, but not all, cases greater than predicted. On the other hand, it was found that the vibrational relaxation times of the C-H/C-D modes decreased dramatically in all Lewis base solvents. Therefore, it was concluded that relaxation times of the υ1 modes, rather than frequency shifts, furnish a more reliable measure of hydrogen bonding interactions of halomethanes in solution.
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Vérot, Martin. "Phénomènes de transport : contribution de l'approche ab initio et applications." Phd thesis, Ecole normale supérieure de lyon - ENS LYON, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00866347.
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Dans une première partie, nous avons étudié quelques propriétés de molécules magnétiques impliquant des radicaux organiques (seuls ou conjointement avec des terres rares). Nous avons ainsi pu interpréter l'évolution de la susceptibilité magnétique et de l'aimantation en fonction de la température en évaluant par des approches ab initio fonctions d'onde les constantes d'échange ou le tenseur g au sein de ces matériaux. De plus, nous avons chercher à définir les conditions pour que des matériaux à base de radicaux organiques présentent simultanément des propriétés magnétiques et conductrices. Nous avons ainsi examiné différentes familles de composés et l'influence de la structure géométrique et chimique des radicaux organiques utilisés. Pour cette partie, nous avons extrait les intégrales physiques pertinentes par la méthode des Hamiltoniens effectifs.Dans une deuxième partie, nous avons utilisés ces quantités physiques (intégrale de saut, répulsion sur site, échange) pour décrire le phénomène de transport dans des jonctions pour lesquelles les effets de la corrélation électronique ne peuvent être écartés. Munis de ces paramètres ab initio, nous avons développé un modèle phénoménologique permettant de décrire la conduction moléculaire à l'aide d'un jeu d'équations maîtresses. Nous avons ainsi cherché à mettre en évidence l'intérêt des approches post Hartree-Fock empruntant une fonction d'onde corrélée et de spin adapté dans la description du transport électronique. Que ce soit dans le cas de transport polarisé en spin ou non, l'approche utilisée (mono ou multi-déterminentale) conditionne qualitativement et quantitativement la caractéristique courant/tension.
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Hoogerheide, Shannon Michelle Fogwell. "Trapped positrons for high-precision magnetic moment measurements." Thesis, Harvard University, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3566927.
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A single electron in a quantum cyclotron provides the most precise measurement of the electron magnetic moment, given in units of the Bohr magneton by g/2 = 1.001 159 652 180 73 (28) [0.28 ppt]. The most precise determination of the fine structure constant comes from combining this measurement with Standard Model theory, yielding α-1 = 137.035 999 173 (34) [0.25 ppb], limited by the experimental uncertainty of the electron g-value. The most stringent test of CPT symmetry in leptons comes from comparing the electron and positron magnetic moments, limited by the positron uncertainty at 4.2 ppt. A new high-stability apparatus has been built and commissioned for improved measurements of the electron and positron magnetic moments, a greatly improved test of lepton CPT symmetry, and an improved determination of the fine structure constant. These new measurements require robust positron loading from a retractable radioactive source that is small enough to avoid compromising the high-precision environment of our experiment. The design and implementation of such a scheme is a central focus of this work. Robust positron loading at a rate of 1-2 e+/min from a 6.5 μCi 22Na source has been demonstrated.
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Majumdar, Madhabi. "Elastic Constants, Viscosities and Fluctuation Modes of Certain Bent-Core Nematic Liquid Crystals Studied by Dynamic Light Scattering and Magnetic Field Induced Orientational Distortion." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1321991835.
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Bracikowski, Nicolas. "Modélisation multi-physique par modèles à constantes localisées ; application à une machine synchrone à aimants permanents en vue de son dimensionnement." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale de Lille, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00905641.
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Afin de définir une conception optimale d'un système électromécanique, celui-ci doit intégrer des contraintes toujours plus drastiques et de nombreux phénomènes physiques issus de : l'électromagnétique, l'aérothermique, l'électronique, la mécanique et l'acoustique. L'originalité de cette thèse est de proposer une modélisation multi-physique pour la conception reposant sur des modèles à constantes localisées : solution intermédiaire entre la modélisation analytique et numérique. Ces différents modèles permettront l'étude et la conception sous contraintes d'une machine synchrone à aimants permanents dédiée pour la traction ferroviaire. Les résultats de simulations seront comparés à des résultats éléments finis mais aussi à des essais expérimentaux. Ce modèle multi-physique est entièrement paramétré afin d'être associé à des outils d'optimisation. On utilisera ici une optimisation par essaim de particules pour chercher des compromis entre différents objectifs sous forme de Front de Pareto. Dans ce papier, nous ciblerons les objectifs suivants : le couple d'origine électromagnétique et le bruit d'origine électromagnétique. Finalement une étude de sensibilité valide la robustesse de la conception retenue quand celle-ci est soumise aux contraintes de fabrication. L'objectif étant de poser les bases d'un outil d'aide à la décision pour le choix d'une machine électrique
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Ennassiri, Hamza. "Analyse magnéto-vibroacoustique des machines synchrones discoides à commutation de flux dédiées aux véhiculex électriques hybrides." Thesis, Normandie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NORMLH36/document.
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Ce mémoire de thèse traite la problématique des émissions vibroacoustiques dès les premières phases de conception de machines électriques dans le but de mettre en œuvre des machines robustes, fiables et surtout efficientes répondant aux contraintes dans un large domaine d’applications et spécialement pour le véhicule électrique et hybride. Ce manuscrit ne s’intéresse pas seulement à l’identification et la mise en exergue de la problématique vibroacoustique mais surtout a apporté des solutions et des éléments de réponse à certaines contraintes. La problématique vibroacoustique étant trop vaste et trop complexe, ce travail de thèse se focalise sur les aspects vibroacoustiques d’origine électromagnétiques. Pour ce faire, les méthodes de réduction de bruit sont présentées mais seules les solutions de réduction passive sont évoquées. Ces solutions se basent sur le dimensionnement et la conception par optimisation de machines électriques performantes et moins bruyantes. Cela nous ramène au cœur de ce travail qui est le développement d’outils et de modèles multi-physique réunissant les critères de généricité, rapidité, précision et facilité de couplage. Dans ce cadre, plusieurs modèles électriques, magnétiques, mécaniques, thermiques, et acoustiques sont présentés. Différentes stratégies de couplages et d’approches de modélisation sont investiguées. Des conclusions sont tirées à chaque fois en fonction des besoins pour le cas d’applicationThis PhD thesis deals with the issue of vibroacoustic emissions from the first design phases of electrical machines in order to have robust, reliable and above all efficient machines that meet the constraints in a wide range of applications and especially electrical vehicles. This manuscript is not only interested in the identification and highlighting the vibroacoustic problem, but above all to brought solutions and response elements to certain constraints. Knowing that the vibroacoustic problem is too vast and complex, this thesis focuses on vibroacoustic aspects of electromagnetic origin. To do so, the methods of noise reduction are presented but only the passive reduction solutions are used. These solutions are based on the design and optimization of efficient and less noisy electrical machines. This brings us back to the core of this work, which is the development of tools and multi-physics models combining the criteria of genericity, speed, accuracy and simplicity of coupling. In this context, several electric, magnetic, mechanical, thermal and acoustic models are presented. Different coupling strategies and modeling approaches are investigated. Conclusions are drawn each time according to the needs for the application use case
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McKinnon, Douglas John Electrical Engineering & Telecommunications Faculty of Engineering UNSW. "Novel efficiency evaluation methods and analysis for three-phase induction machines." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. Electrical Engineering and Telecommunications, 2005. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/21869.
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This thesis describes new methods of evaluating the efficiency of three-phase induction machines using synthetic loading. Synthetic loading causes the induction machine to draw full-load current without the need to connect a mechanical load to the machine's drive shaft. The synthetic loading methods cause the machine to periodically accelerate and decelerate, producing an alternating motor-generator action. This action causes the machine, on average over each synthetic loading cycle, to operate at rated rms current, rated rms voltage and full-load speed, thereby producing rated copper losses, iron loss and friction and windage loss. The excitation voltages are supplied from a PWM inverter with a large capacity DC bus capable of supplying rated rms voltage. The synthetic loading methods of efficiency evaluation are verified in terms of the individual losses in the machine by using a new dynamic model that accounts for iron loss and all parameter variations. The losses are compared with the steady-state loss distribution determined using very accurate induction machine parameters. The parameters were identified using a run-up-to-speed test at rated voltage and the locked rotor and synchronous speed tests conducted with a variable voltage supply. The latter tests were used to synthesise the variations in stator leakage reactance, magnetising reactance and the equivalent iron loss resistance over the induction machine's speed range. The run-up-to-speed test was used to determine the rotor resistance and leakage reactance variations over the same speed range. The test method results showed for the first time that the rotor leakage reactance varied in the same manner as the stator leakage and magnetising reactances with respect to current. When all parameter variations are taken into account there is good agreement between theoretical and measured results for the synthetic loading methods. The synthetic loading methods are applied to three-phase induction machines with both single- and double-cage rotors to assess the effect of rotor parameter variations in the method. Various excitation waveforms for each method were used and the measured and modelled efficiencies compared to conventional efficiency test results. The results verify that it is possible to accurately evaluate the efficiency of three-phase induction machines using synthetic loading.
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Parzefall, Ulrich. "A measurement of trilinear gauge couplings using the DELPHI detector." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.366942.
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Fronk, Michael. "Charakterisierung von dia-, para- und ferromagnetischen dünnen Schichten mittels magnetooptischer Kerr-Effekt-Spektroskopie." Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 2010. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:ch1-qucosa-61755.
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Die polare magnetooptische Kerr-Effekt-Spektroskopie (MOKE) wird in dieser Arbeit zum ersten Mal zur Charakterisierung paramagnetischer Schichten eingesetzt. Die Schichten bestehen aus Phthalocyanin-Molekülen (H2Pc, VOPc, MnPc, CoPc und CuPc), die sich als Modellsystem zur Untersuchung des Einflusses des Molekülzentrums auf die elektronischen Zustände eignen. Die optischen Konstanten und die Dicken der Schichten werden mittels Ellipsometrie bestimmt. Mithilfe eines optischen Schichtmodells wird aus den Ellipsometrie- und MOKE-Daten die Voigt-Konstante, ein magnetooptischer Materialparameter, berechnet. Der Einfluss des Molekülzentrums auf die energetische Dispersion der Voigt-Konstante ist moderat. Vergleichsweise groß ist der Einfluss der Orientierung der Moleküle auf die Größe der Voigt-Konstante. Daher kann diese als Maß für den Aufstellwinkel des planaren CuPc herausgestellt werden. Darüber hinaus wird am Beispiel von CuPc gezeigt, dass sich die strukturelle Ordnung in molekularen Schichten mittels Reflexions-Anisotropie-Spektroskopie quantifizieren lässt.
Die MOKE-Spektroskopie wird zusammmen mit MOKE-Magnetometrie auch zur Untersuchung von Eisen-Platin-Schichten mit Schichtdicken um 5 nm auf thermisch oxidiertem Silizium verwendet. Hier wird der Einfluss von eindiffundiertem Kupfer auf die magnetischen Eigenschaften Remanenz, Koerzitivität und magnetische Anisotropie der Schichten untersucht. Dabei wird neben der in Form einer Unterschicht bereitgestellten Kupfermenge die Temperatur variiert, bei der das Kupfer diffundiert. Die Magnetometrieuntersuchungen ergeben, dass Kupfer die magnetischen Eigenschaften der Eisen-Platin-Schichten verbessert, das Optimum des Kupfergehalts aber deutlich unter 20% liegt. Die optimale Mischtemperatur beträgt 600°C. Durch die Anwendung der MOKE-Spektroskopie wurde im Rahmen dieser Arbeit erstmals die Präsenz einer Feinstruktur der magnetooptischen Übergänge aus den 3d-Zuständen des Eisens entdeckt. Durch Vergleichsmessungen mit Schichten anderer Schichtdicke und auf anderen Substraten kann diese Feinstruktur mit mechanischen Verspannungen an der Grenzfläche zum Substrat in Verbindung gebracht werden.
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Benhamida, Mohammed Ali. "Investigation de nouvelles technologies de générateurs pour les éoliennes offshore." Thesis, Normandie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NORMLH11/document.
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Ce mémoire de thèse constitue une contribution à l'investigation des génératrices destinées à une application éolienne en mer. Le but est de rechercher les solutions optimales dans un domaine de recherche vaste contenant entre huit et onze variables d'optimisation, tout en respectant un cahier de charge bien précis. Afin d'y parvenir, un modèle multi-physique a été développé permettant la détermination des distributions du champ électromagnétique et de température dans les topologies de génératrices choisies avec prise en considération des non-linéarités des matériaux. La méthode des constantes localisées couplée aux fonctions d'interpolations a été choisie comme solution offrant un bon rapport temps de calculs/précision, prenant ainsi en considération les caractéristiques des matériaux (thermiques et magnétiques). Le modèle développé a été couplé à un algorithme d'optimisation génétique, NSGAII, permettant dans un premier temps ; d'investiguer le poids nécessaire des aimants permanents et des parties actives de deux topologies de génératrices synchrones à aimant permanent où dans la première les aimants sont montés en surfaces et dans la seconde insérés en concentration de flux, trois puissances différentes ont été investiguées 5, 8 et 15 [MW]. Dans un second temps, l'intégration d'un multiplicateur de vitesse magnétique dans la chaîne de conversion éolienne a été étudiée à travers la même approche optimale utilisée précédemment tout en comparant le poids nécessaires des aimants permanents pour ce type d'entrainement avec celle des topologies à attaque directe (sans multiplicateur de vitesse)The aim of this PhD report is the investigation of electrical generators dedicated to an offshore wind turbine application. The main goal is to find optimal solutions in a vast research domain containing between eight and eleven optimization variables, while respecting a the imposed constraints. In order to achieve this goal, a multi-physics model was developed allowing the determination of the electromagnetic and temperature fields distributions in the selected topologies. Lumped models coupled to the interpolation functions were chosen as a solution offering a good computation time / precision ratio, thus taking into consideration the characteristics of the materials (thermal and magnetic). The developed model was coupled to a genetic optimization algorithm, NSGAII, allowing at first; the investigation of the necessary permanent magnets weight and the active parts one of two permanent magnet synchronous generator topologies where in the first the magnets are mounted in surfaces and in the second inserted in order to have flux concentration, three different powers have been investigated 5, 8 and 15 [MW]. Second, the integration of a magnetic gear in the wind energy conversion chain was studied using the same optimal approach previously used, while comparing the weight required of permanent magnets for this type of training with that of direct drive topologies (without gearbox)
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Aveiro, Susana Seabra. "The p22HBP heme binding protein: an NMR study of the dynamics and heme-protein interactions." Doctoral thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/14278.
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Doutoramento em BioquímicaThe work presented in this Thesis investigates the dynamics and molecular interactions of p22HBP and the p22HBP-tetrapyrrole complex. Specifically, the key residues involved when a tetrapyrrole binds to p22HBP were sought. Previous molecular modelling studies identified three possible charged residues R56, K64 and K177 as possibly being important in tetrapyrrole binding via electrostatic interactions with the propionate groups of the tetrapyrrole. A number of variants of murine p22HBP were therefore prepared and fluorescence quenching and NMR used to verify the integrity of the variants and their interaction with tetrapyrrole. The same molecular modelling studies identified a mobile loop Y171-R180 in p22HBP that decreased in mobility on tetrapyrrole binding, therefore to confirm this mobility change dynamics studies based on NMR relaxation experiments were carried out. Finally in order to obtain a non heme-binding form of human p22HBP a chimeric p22HBP was designed and constructed. This construct, and the resulting protein, will be important for future siRNA knockdown studies where rescue or recovery of function experiments are required to prove the knockdown results. Chapter one discusses the current state of the art in terms of the biological, structural and functional aspects of p22HBP. The main objectives of the Thesis are also introduced here. Chapter two presents a detailed description of the different expression vectors (pNJ2 and pet28-a) and procedures used for overexpression and purification of murine p22HBP and its variants and human p22HBP. All expression and purification systems used gave good yields and allowed isotopic labeling to be carried out. The fluorescence quenching results for tetrapyrrole binding to murine p22HBP and variants are presented in chapter three along with the dissociation constants that were found to be in the nanomolar range for wild type murine and human p22HBP. The same studies were performed for murine p22HBP variants, with hydrophobic and polar changes being introduced at R56, K64 and K177. The dissociation constants were found to double in some cases but no significant changes in the strength of hemin-protein interactions were observed. The tetrapyrrole interaction with p22HBP was also followed by NMR spectroscopy, where chemical shift mapping was used to identify binding pocket location. All the variants and wild type human p22HBP were found to bind at the same location. Chapter 4 contains the data from 2D and 3D experiments carried out on 15N/13C labelled human p22HBP that was used to obtain backbone assignments. Comparison with wild type murine p22HBP assignments, PPIX titrations and theoretical calculations based on chemical shifts (Talos+) allowed 82% of the backbone resonances to be assigned. The results from the relaxation experiments used to probe the dynamics of the mobile loop in p22HBP on binding to tetrapyrrole are presented in chapter 5. The overall protein was found to tumble isotropically in the free and bound forms however the results to probe mobility changes in the 171-180 loop on tetrapyrrole binding proved inconclusive as only residue could be assigned and this did not seem to become significantly less mobile. The final chapter describes the design and construction of a chimeric p22HBP. For these purpose, the alfa1-helix sequence of human p22HBP in the phHBP1 plasmid was replaced by its homologous sequence in hSOUL, a non heme-binding protein with identical 3D structure. The results however indicated that either the incorrect sequence was introduced into the plasmid or the purification procedure was inadequate.
O trabalho apresentado nesta Tese focou-se na dinâmica e nas interações moleculares da p22HBP e do complexo p22HBP-tetrapirrol, nomeadamente nos resíduos chave envolvidos nesta interação. Estudos prévios de modelação molecular identificaram três possíveis resíduos chave R56, K64 e K177 como sendo importantes na interação com os tetrapirróis, através de interações eletrostáticas com os grupos propionato do tetrapirrol. Foram desenhados e construídos variantes da p22HBP murina e foram desenvolvidos estudos de extinção de fluorescência e RMN para avaliar a integridade dos variantes e a sua interação com os tetrapirróis. Os mesmos estudos de modelação molecular identificaram ainda uma zona flexível (Y171-R180) na p22HBP que diminui a mobilidade com a interação do tetrapirrol. Para confirmar esta alteração de mobilidade, foram realizados estudos de dinâmica, baseados em RMN. Por fim, com o intuito de obter uma versão não funcional da p22HBP humana, foi planeada e construída uma versão quimérica da p22HBP humana. No futuro, esta nova versão da p22HBP quimérica, será importante para os estudos de knockdown envolvendo siRNA. O capítulo um introduz uma revisão dos aspetos biológicos da p22HBP nomeadamente os estudos estruturais e as possíveis funções que foram identificadas. Os principais objetivos da tese são também apresentados neste capítulo. No capítulo dois é apresentada uma descrição detalhada dos diferentes vectores de sobreexpressão (pNJ2 e pet28-a) e dos métodos de sobreexpressão e purificação da p22HBP murina e respectivos variantes, bem como da p22HBP humana. Todos os sistemas de sobreexpressão e purificação utilizados obtiveram bons rendimentos e permitiram a marcação isotópica das proteínas. No capítulo 3 são apresentados os resultados de extinção de fluorescência para a interação da p22HBP murina e humana com hemina através das constantes de dissociação determinadas na ordem dos nanomolar. Os mesmos estudos foram realizados para os variantes da p22HBP murina, com alterações hidrofóbicas e de polaridade nos resíduos R56, K64 e K177. Em alguns casos, as constantes de dissociação determinadas são mais elevadas, embora não se tenham verificado alterações significativas na força da interação proteína-hemo. As interações tetrapirrólicas com a p22HBP foram também estudadas por espectroscopia de RMN, onde foram mapeadas as diferenças nos desvios químicos para identificar a localização da zona de interação. A localização da zona de interação dos variantes da p22HBP e a p2HBP humana mantém-se igual à p22HBP murina. No capítulo 4 encontram-se os resultados das experiências 2D e 3D realizadas na p22HBP humana, isotopicamente marcada com 15N/13C, para identificar as ressonâncias da cadeia principal. 82% dos sistemas de spin da cadeia principal foram identificados através da comparação com a p22HBP murina, das titulações com PPIX e de cálculos teóricos baseados nos desvios químicos (Talos+). No capítulo 5 são apresentados os resultados das experiências de relaxação, usados para comprovarem a dinâmica do loop na p22HBP aquando da interação com o tetrapirrol. A proteína no seu todo move-se de uma forma isotrópica na forma livre e ligada. No entanto os resultados para comprovar as alterações de mobilidade no loop 171-180 na presença de hemo, foram inconclusivos uma vez que só a um resíduo foi atribuído um sistema de spin, e não foi indicativo da perda significativa de mobilidade. O último capítulo descreve o planeamento e a construção da p22HBP quimérica. Para tal, a sequência que codifica a hélix alfa 1 da p22HBP humana, no plasmídeo phHBP1, foi substituída pela sequência homóloga da SOUL humana, uma proteína com uma estrutura 3D semelhante mas não liga ao hemo. Os resultados no entanto demonstraram que ou a sequência não foi introduzida corretamente no plasmídeo ou o sistema de purificação não foi adequado.
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Najib, Abdelkrim. "Etude de quelques composés de cérium du type fermions lourds : corrélations, cohérence, diagrammes de phases sous pression." Grenoble 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988GRE10064.
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Etude des composes ce in cu::(2), ce mg et ce cu::(6). Les etudes de susceptibilite magnetique, resistivite electrique et chaleur specifique sur les solutions solides(ce-y)incu::(2) et (ce-la)incu::(2) mettent en evidence des correlations antiferromagnetiques dans le compose ceincu::(2). Influnce des impuretes sur la coherence du reseau. Determination pour ce compose du coefficient de grueneisen a partir des proprietes de transport sous pression hydrostatique. Etude pour les autres composes des diagrammes de phase sous pression hydrostatique jusqu'a 130 kbar
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Pientka, Grit. "Hadronic corrections to electroweak observables from twisted mass lattice QCD." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/17312.
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Für verschiedene Richtgrößen, die untersucht werden, um Hinweise auf Neue Physik jenseits des Standardmodells der Teilchenphysik zu finden, stellt die Gitter-QCD stellt derzeit den einzigen Ab-initio-Zugang für die Berechnung von nichtperturbativen hadronischen Beiträgen dar. Zu diesen Observablen gehören die anomalen magnetischen Momenten der Leptonen und das Laufen der elektroschwachen Kopplungskonstanten. Wir bestimmen den führenden QCD-Beitrag zum anomalen magnetischen Moment des Myons mit Hilfe einer Gitter-QCD-Rechnung auf Ensemblen, die Nf=2+1+1 dynamische Twisted-Mass-Fermionen berücksichtigen. Durch die Betrachtung aktiver up, down, strange and charm Quarks können erstmalig Gitter-QCD-Daten für die Myonanomalie direkt mit phänomenologischen Resultaten verglichen werden, da letztere bei der derzeitigen Genauigkeit sensitiv auf die ersten beiden Quarkgenerationen sind. Unlängst wurde darauf hingewiesen, dass es auch möglich sein könnte Beiträge Neuer Physik durch verbesserte Messungen der anomalen magnetischen Momente des Elektrons und des Tauons nachzuweisen. Aus diesem Grund berechnen wir auch deren führende QCD-Beiträge, was gleichzeitig eine Überprüfung des Wertes für das Myon liefert. Zusätzlich nutzen wir die gewonnenen Daten, um den führenden hadronischen Beitrag zum Laufen der Feinstrukturkonstante zu berechnen. Darüber hinaus zeigen wir, dass sogar für den schwachen Mischungswinkel der führende QCD-Beitrag mit Hilfe dieser Daten berechnet werden kann. Dadurch identifizieren wir eine neue grundlegende Observable für die Suche nach Neuer Physik, deren hadronische Beiträge mit Hilfe der Gitter-QCD beschafft werden können. Mit den Resultaten dieser Arbeit ist es uns gelungen ungeeignete Herangehensweisen der phänomenologisch notwendigen Flavourseparation auszuschließen und somit direkt die derzeit präziseren phänomenologischen Bestimmungen dieser bedeutsamen physikalischen Größe zu unterstützen.For several benchmark quantities investigated to detect signs for new physics beyond the standard model of elementary particle physics, lattice QCD currently constitutes the only ab initio approach available at small momentum transfers for the computation of non-perturbative hadronic contributions. Among those observables are the lepton anomalous magnetic moments and the running of the electroweak coupling constants. We compute the leading QCD contribution to the muon anomalous magnetic moment by performing lattice QCD calculations on ensembles incorporating Nf=2+1+1 dynamical twisted mass fermions. Considering active up, down, strange, and charm quarks, admits for the first time a direct comparison of the lattice data for the muon anomaly with phenomenological results because both the latter as well as the experimentally obtained values are sensitive to the complete first two generations of quarks at the current level of precision. Recently, it has been noted that improved measurements of the electron and tau anomalous magnetic moments might also provide ways of detecting new physics contributions. Therefore, we also compute their leading QCD contributions, which simultaneously serve as cross-checks of the value obtained for the muon. Additionally, we utilise the obtained data to compute the leading hadronic contribution to the running of the fine structure constant, which enters all perturbative QED calculations. Furthermore, we show that even for the weak mixing angle the leading QCD contribution can be computed from this data. In this way, we identify a new prime observable in the search for new physics whose hadronic contributions can be obtained from lattice QCD. With the results obtained in this thesis, we are able to exclude unsuitable phenomenologically necessary flavour separations and thus directly assist the presently more precise phenomenological determinations of this eminent quantity.
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Berthier, Serge. "Théories de la fonction diélectrique optique des milieux inhomogènes : application aux propriétés électromagnétiques des cermets." Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066283.
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Analyse comparative des différentes théories de la fonction diélectrique optique des milieux inhomogènes aléatoires macroscopiques (MIAM). Résultats expérimentaux sur le comportement diélectrique de 5 échantillons au-MGO dont la concentration volumique en métal n'excède pas 0,41; apparition de la résonnance de plasmon de surface sur tous les échantillons entre 550 et 600 nm. Nouvelles approches: théorie de Bruggeman modifiée, méthode des groupes de renormalisation. Applications dans les capteurs solaires
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Specht, Michael. "Etude expérimentale de systèmes désordonnés dans le régime de la localisation d'Anderson." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998GRE10067.
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Ce travail est consacre a l'etude de la phase isolante de systemes desordonnes dans le regime de la localisation d'anderson. Les etats electroniques sont localises sur une echelle characteristique, la longueur de localisation, suite a des interferences destructives induites par le desordre. L'effet d'un champ magnetique sur la longueur de localisation a suscite plusieurs travaux theoriques recents. D'un cote la theorie de matrices aleatoires propose une dependance universelle de la longueur de localisation en fonction de la symmetrie du systeme. Un champ magnetique brise la symmetrie par rapport au renversement du sens du temps et peut induire un changement de la longueur de localisation quand un quantum de flux est mis a travers un site localise. D'un autre cote, la phase des fonctions d'onde lors d'un processus tunnel est sensible a un champ magnetique ce qui modifie l'element matriciel intersite. Pour etudier ces phenomenes nous nous sommes interesse dans un premier temps a la constante dielectrique. Cette quantite peut etre relie tres simplement a la longueur de localisation et represente donc une quantite tres importante si l'on s'interesse a la dependence de la longueur de localisation en fonction d'un champ magnetique applique. Par contre, a temperature finie un processus de relaxation de debye contribue a la constante dielectrique et doit etre separe dans une analyse des effets du champ. Nous presentons ici une etude assez complete de la constante dielectrique de systemes desordonnes yttrium-silicium en fonction d'un champ applique, de la temperature, de la frequence et de la longueur de localisation. Cette etude permet de bien separer l'effet du champ dans les differentes regimes et proche de la transition nous pouvons identifier un changement de la longueur de la localisation lorsqu'un quantum de flux est mise a travers un site localise. L'etude de la dependence en frequence montre que loin de la transition un modele de percolation permet de expliquer les lois d'echelle observe assez facilement. Proche de la transition, l'interaction coulombienne joue un role dominant a tres basse temperature et a l'aide d'un modele qui prend en compte un gap de coulomb dans la densite d'etat le comportement de la constante dielectrique est qualitativement bien decrit. Enfin nous avons etudie le magnetisme orbital dans les systemes yttrium-silicium tres proche de la transition. Nos resultats preliminaires suggerent que les effets sont induit par une brisure de la symmetrie par rapport au renversement du sens du temps, bien que une etude plus complete en fonction de la longueur de localisation est necessaire pour prouver l'origine orbital du signal observe.
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Nasri, Ridha. "Conception et réalisation d'un adaptateur haute impédance programmable : epplication à la caractérisation de liquides magnétiques." Saint-Etienne, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994STET4014.
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Ce travail s'inscrit dans le cadre de la recherche sur les ferrofluides ou liquides magnétiques. Les évolutions, qui peuvent être rapides, des propriétés diélectriques de ces matériaux telles que les changements de phase du liquide porteur, la perte d'homogénéité par formation d'agrégats ou de multicouches nécessitent l'automatisation complète de l'acquisition des mesures. Pour cela, nous avons développé autour d'un analyseur vectoriel, un adaptateur haute impédance programmable en mode shunt fonctionnant dans la gamme 1mhz-10khz. Cette réalisation fait appel à l'électronique haute impédance : résistances de fortes valeurs allant jusqu'à iteraohm et condensateurs à faibles fuites ; ces composants sont commutés par des relais de résistance d'isolement supérieure à 1000teraohms commandes par le bus VXI. Ce spectromètre automatique nous a permis de caractériser, entre 50c et -200c, un ferrofluide ionique composé de particules nanométriques de ferrite de manganèse (Fe2Mno4) dispersées dans le tétrachlorure de carbone (CCL4) utilisé comme liquide porteur. Nous avons ainsi mis en évidence les différentes phases du tétrachlorure de carbone pur à pression atmosphérique (liquide, plastique, solide). Les résultats obtenus sur le ferrofluide, à plusieurs concentrations, ont été analysés selon diverses lois de mélanges théoriques utilisant les constantes diélectriques des deux constituants. Nous avons pu montrer, dans nos conditions expérimentales, la perte de stabilité de ce ferrofluide à basse température et forte concentration
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Loppinet, Benoit. "Etude de la structure de solutions d'ionomères en solvants polaires par diffusion aux petits angles." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994GRE10208.
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Ce travail presente l'etude, principalement par diffusion aux petits angles (dpa) de neutrons et de rayons-x, de solutions d'ionomeres. Les differentes analyses de l'intensite dpa (variation de contraste, analyse du comportement asymptotique, positions du pic d'interferences), appliquees aux solutions d'ionomeres perfluores (ipf), menent a la conclusion de la presence de particules colloidales de symetrie cylindrique. Cette geometrie est obtenue pour des solutions de trois ipf dans des solvants varies couvrant une gamme importante de constante dielectrique. La valeur du rayon depend de l'ipf et du solvant. En particulier les solutions dans l'eau se trouvent avoir les particules aux rayons les plus importants. Les etudes complementaires de solutions d'ipf par viscosimetrie font apparaitre des comportements dependant fortement du solvant (presence ou non d'effet polyelectrolyte suivant le solvant). Quelques mesures rmn mettent en evidence le comportement atypique des solutions aqueuses. L'etude par dpa de solutions aqueuses d'autres ionomeres, copolymeres d'ethylene et d'acide methacrylique, met la encore en evidence l'existence de particules colloidales, de geometrie ellipsoidale, dont la taille depend du taux de neutralisation
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Lahiouel, Rachid. "Evolution du réseau Kondo en fonction de l'hybridation : les systèmes CeIn(Ag,Cu)2 et Ce(Ge,Si)2." Grenoble 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987GRE10054.
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Observation du passage d'un regime kondo mixte a un regime kondo pur ou a un regime de valence intermediaire sous l'effet de la pression chimique. Etude du diagramme de phases magnetiques. Determination du coefficient de couplage entre electrons 4 f et la bande de conduction jn(e::(f)). Coefficient de la chaleur specifique, temperature de kondo et coefficient de grueneisen electronique de ceincu::(2)
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Berretil, Slimane. "Proprietes electroniques des semi-conducteurs magnetiques gamo : :(4)s::(8), gamo::(4)se::(8), gamo::(4)se::(4)te::(4) et ganb::(4)s::(8)." Paris 6, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA066262.
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Etudes effectuees en vue de preciser la nature des electrons qui participent ala conduction et au magnetisme de ces composes. Les composes, caracterises par la presence d'amas tetraedriques des ions metalliques mo et nb dans les bas etats d'oxydation, revelent des proprietes de magnetisme itinerant repondant au modele de stoner-wohlfarth avec les densites d'etats les plus elevees observees dans des composes intermetalliques 3d ou 4d. La rpe a confirme que les raies observees correspondant aux ions metalliques dans un etat s = 3/2 (ions mo**(3+) et nb**(3+)); leur elargissement est d'origine dipolaire retrecie par echange et les valeurs des integrales d'echange obtenues sont en bon accord avec celles obtenues a partir des temperatures de curie