Journal articles on the topic 'Consonant co-occurrence'
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MUKHERJEE, ANIMESH, MONOJIT CHOUDHURY, ANUPAM BASU, and NILOY GANGULY. "MODELING THE CO-OCCURRENCE PRINCIPLES OF THE CONSONANT INVENTORIES: A COMPLEX NETWORK APPROACH." International Journal of Modern Physics C 18, no. 02 (February 2007): 281–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129183107010395.
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Speech sounds of the languages all over the world show remarkable patterns of co-occurrence. In this work, we attempt to automatically capture the patterns of co-occurrence of the consonants across languages and at the same time figure out the nature of the force leading to the emergence of such patterns. For this purpose we define a weighted network where the consonants are the nodes and an edge between two nodes (read consonants) signify their co-occurrence likelihood over the consonant inventories. Through this network we identify communities of consonants that essentially reflect their patterns of co-occurrence across languages. We test the goodness of the communities and observe that the constituent consonants frequently occur in such groups in real languages also. Interestingly, the consonants forming these communities reflect strong correlations in terms of their features, which indicate that the principle of feature economy acts as a driving force towards community formation. In order to measure the strength of this force we propose a theoretical information definition of feature economy and show that indeed the feature economy exhibited by the consonant communities are substantially better than that of those where the consonant inventories had evolved just by chance.
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Yeverechyahu, Hadas. "Consonant co-occurrence restrictions in Modern Hebrew." Brill’s Journal of Afroasiatic Languages and Linguistics 11, no. 1 (June 12, 2019): 57–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18776930-01101006.
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Abstract The paper presents consonant co-occurrence restrictions in Hebrew, focusing on the influence of the similarity factor. A lexical analysis of Hebrew verbs reveals tendency to avoid similar, close consonants, by showing a highly significant correlation (p<0.0001) between co-occurrence of C1-C2 sequences in the lexicon and similarity factors (based on Frisch et al.’s 2004 model for similarity, adjusted to Hebrew). In other words, the more two consonants are similar to each other, the smaller their chances are to co-occur as C1-C2 in a Hebrew verb. In addition, a major role of place of articulation is observed, such that consonants that share major place of articulation are less likely to co-occur. However, the highly significant correlation between co-occurrences and similarity factors suggests that not only major place of articulation affects the restrictions; otherwise we would wrongly predict no effect in non-homorganic pairs.
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Aïm, Emmanuel. "An Unexpected Co-occurrence Restriction on Syriac Root Consonants." Hugoye: Journal of Syriac Studies 22, no. 1 (January 1, 2019): 39–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.31826/hug-2019-220103.
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Abstract The aim of this paper is to highlight an unexpected, and so far, unidentified, root consonants incompatibility in Syriac. It is generally admitted that Semitic radical w and y can combine freely with any other radical consonant. This is indeed mostly the case in Syriac. However, as I shall demonstrate, final radical w is subject to a dissimilatory constraint: it cannot follow a homorganic medial root consonant, viz. labial p, b, m and velar k, g, q. Syriac semi-vowels phonology is blurred by several processes (both synchronic and diachronic) that neutralize the opposition between w and y in favor of y. In order to demonstrate the regularity of the incompatibility of final radical w with preceding homorganic medial radicals, exhaustive examination of the III-w roots is consequently carried out.
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CHEN, LI-MEI, and RAYMOND D. KENT. "Consonant–vowel co-occurrence patterns in Mandarin-learning infants." Journal of Child Language 32, no. 3 (August 2005): 507–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305000905006896.
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Most studies on CV co-occurrence patterns in early phonetic development have been based on Indo-European languages. Data from infants learning Mandarin, which has a substantially different phonological system from Indo-European languages, can confirm or refute the findings of previous studies, thus shedding further light on the theoretical bases of CV association. Spontaneous vocalizations were recorded in 45-minute sessions for each of 24 Mandarin-learning infants aged 0;7 to 1;6. In addition, the speech production of 24 caregivers was audio-recorded during their natural daily interactions with the infants at home. Both infants' vocalizations and adults' speech were transcribed and analysed for consonant–vowel co-occurrence patterns. These patterns were similar to those in other language groups, but language-specific patterns were evident by 1;0. Combinations of alveolars+front vowels and velars+back vowels confirm Davis & MacNeilage's (1990, 1995) frame-then-content theory and Clements's (1991) model of unified features for consonants and vowels. However, our finding of a language-specific pattern (labials+back vowels) suggests the need to reexamine the ‘pure frame’ of Davis & MacNeilage and Clements's grouping of labials and rounded vowels.
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Abraham, Suzanne. "Using a Phonological Framework to Describe Speech Errors of Orally Trained, Hearing-Impaired School-Agers." Journal of Speech and Hearing Disorders 54, no. 4 (November 1989): 600–609. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/jshd.5404.600.
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A phonological framework was used to analyze and describe the meaningful speech and speech errors of 13 orally trained, hearing-impaired children ages 5:11 to 15:11 enrolled in public school programs. Using speech samples elicited from the subjects, consonant inventories and percentage scores for correct production of consonants and for frequency of occurrence of phonological processes were derived and analyzed. Results of data analyses indicated initial consonant inventories were significantly larger and more complete than final inventories, although both were incomplete. Production accuracy for consonants in the subjects' inventories was significantly related to size of consonant inventories. Accuracy of production differed significantly between sound classes and word positions. Between 4 and 9 phonological processes were productive and co-occurring in the hearing-impaired subjects' meaningful speech. Comparisons with younger, normal hearing children and phonologically disabled children are drawn, and the clinical implications of the findings are discussed.
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Nikolaev, Dmitry, and Eitan Grossman. "Consonant co-occurrence classes and the feature-economy principle." Phonology 37, no. 3 (August 2020): 419–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0952675720000226.
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The feature-economy principle is one of the key theoretical notions which have been postulated to account for the structure of phoneme inventories in the world's languages. In this paper, we test the explanatory power of this principle by conducting a study of the co-occurrence of consonant segments in phonological inventories, based on a sample of 2761 languages. We show that the feature-economy principle is able to account for many important patterns in the structure of the world's phonological inventories; however, there are particular classes of sounds, such as what we term the ‘basic consonant inventory’ (the core cluster of segments found in the majority of the world's languages), as well as several more peripheral clusters whose organisation follows different principles.
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KILPATRICK, ALEXANDER J., RIKKE L. BUNDGAARD-NIELSEN, and BRETT J. BAKER. "Japanese co-occurrence restrictions influence second language perception." Applied Psycholinguistics 40, no. 2 (January 30, 2019): 585–611. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0142716418000711.
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ABSTRACTMost current models of nonnative speech perception (e.g., extended perceptual assimilation model, PAM-L2, Best & Tyler, 2007; speech learning model, Flege, 1995; native language magnet model, Kuhl, 1993) base their predictions on the native/nonnative status of individual phonetic/phonological segments. This paper demonstrates that the phonotactic properties of Japanese influence the perception of natively contrasting consonants and suggests that phonotactic influence must be formally incorporated in these models. We first propose that by extending the perceptual categories outlined in PAM-L2 to incorporate sequences of sounds, we can account for the effects of differences in native and nonnative phonotactics on nonnative and cross-language segmental perception. In addition, we test predictions based on such an extension in two perceptual experiments. In Experiment 1, Japanese listeners categorized and rated vowel–consonant–vowel strings in combinations that either obeyed or violated Japanese phonotactics. The participants categorized phonotactically illegal strings to the perceptually nearest (legal) categories. In Experiment 2, participants discriminated the same strings in AXB discrimination tests. Our results show that Japanese listeners are more accurate and have faster response times when discriminating between legal strings than between legal and illegal strings. These findings expose serious shortcomings in currently accepted nonnative perception models, which offer no framework for the influence of native language phonotactics.
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Arsenault, Paul. "Retroflex consonant harmony: An areal feature in South Asia." Journal of South Asian Languages and Linguistics 2, no. 1 (January 1, 2015): 1–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jsall-2015-0001.
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AbstractRetroflexion is a well-known areal feature of South Asia. Most South Asian languages, regardless of their genetic affiliation, contrast retroflex consonants with their non-retroflex dental counterparts. However, South Asian languages differ in the phonotactic restrictions that they place on retroflex consonants. This paper presents evidence that a large number of South Asian languages have developed a co-occurrence restriction on coronal obstruents that can be described as retroflex consonant harmony. In these languages, roots containing two non-adjacent coronal stops are primarily limited to those with two dentals (T…T) or two retroflexes (Ṭ…Ṭ), while those containing a combination of dental and retroflex stops are avoided (*T…Ṭ, *Ṭ…T). Historical-comparative evidence indicates that long-distance retroflex assimilation has contributed to the development of this phonotactic pattern (T…Ṭ → Ṭ…Ṭ). In addition, the paper demonstrates that the distribution of languages with and without retroflex consonant harmony is geographic in nature, not genetic. Retroflex consonant harmony is characteristic of most languages in the northern half of the South Asian subcontinent, regardless of whether they are Indo-Aryan, Dravidian or Munda (but not Tibeto-Burman). It is not characteristic of Indo-Aryan and Dravidian languages in the south. Thus, retroflex consonant harmony constitutes an areal feature within South Asia.
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Ozburn, Avery, and Alexei Kochetov. "Ejective harmony in Lezgian." Phonology 35, no. 3 (August 2018): 407–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0952675718000118.
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This paper contributes to the typology of laryngeal harmony by analysing an unusual case of long-distance laryngeal co-occurrence restrictions and alternations in Lezgian. This pattern, previously unmentioned in the phonological literature, is the first known case of alternations involving ejective harmony. In Lezgian, local processes mask the interaction of ejectives and plain voiceless stops. This is robustly supported by our dictionary analysis, which reveals a ban on the co-occurrence of ejectives and plain voiceless stops within the foot. Both harmony alternations and static co-occurrence restrictions are sensitive to foot structure, unlike previous cases of consonant harmony. Harmony also interacts opaquely with vowel syncope, and certain co-occurrences of plain and ejective stops are resolved with dissimilation rather than harmony, showing a conspiracy to avoid co-occurrences. We demonstrate an account within the Agreement by Correspondence framework and discuss implications for the typology and analysis of consonant harmony.
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MacNeilage, Peter F., and Barbara L. Davis. "Frame dominance in babbling: Further evidence from consonant- vowel co-occurrence constraints." Infant Behavior and Development 19 (April 1996): 595. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0163-6383(96)90649-9.
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Combiths, Philip N., Jessica A. Barlow, Jennifer Taps Richard, and Sonja L. Pruitt-Lord. "Treatment Targets for Co-Occurring Speech-Language Impairment: A Case Study." Perspectives of the ASHA Special Interest Groups 4, no. 2 (April 15, 2019): 240–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2019_pers-sig1-2018-0013.
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Purpose The intersection of speech and language impairments is severely understudied. Despite repeatedly documented overlap and co-occurrence, treatment research for children with combined phonological and morphosyntactic deficits is limited. Especially, little is known about optimal treatment targets for combined phonological–morphosyntactic intervention. We offer a clinically focused discussion of the existing literature pertaining to interventions for children with combined deficits and present a case study exploring the utility of a complex treatment target in word-final position for co-occurring speech and language impairment. Method Within a school setting, a kindergarten child (aged 5;2 [years;months]) with co-occurring phonological disorder and developmental language disorder received treatment targeting a complex consonant cluster in word-final position inflected with 3rd-person singular morphology. Results For this child, training a complex consonant cluster in word-final position resulted in generalized learning to untreated consonants and clusters across word positions. However, morphological generalization was not demonstrated consistently across measures. Conclusions These preliminary findings suggest that training complex phonology in word-final position can result in generalized learning to untreated phonological targets. However, limited improvement in morphology and word-final phonology highlights the need for careful monitoring of cross-domain treatment outcomes and additional research to identify the characteristics of treatment approaches, techniques, and targets that induce cross-domain generalization learning in children with co-occurring speech-language impairment.
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안영란. "Preliminary findings of co-occurrence restrictions in the consonant insertion case of Korean." Studies in Phonetics, Phonology, and Morphology 25, no. 1 (May 2019): 73–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.17959/sppm.2019.25.1.73.
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Orzechowska, Paula. "In search of phonotactic preferences." Yearbook of the Poznan Linguistic Meeting 2, no. 1 (September 1, 2016): 167–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/yplm-2016-0008.
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Abstract The objective of this contribution is to provide an analysis of consonant clusters based on the assumption that phonotactic preferences are encoded in phonological features of individual segments forming a cluster. This encoding is expressed by a set of parameters established for the following features: complexity, place of articulation, manner of articulation and voicing. On the basis of empirically observed tendencies of feature distribution and co-occurrence, novel phonotactic preferences for English word-initial consonant clusters are proposed. Statistical methods allow us to weigh the preferences and determine a ranking of phonological features in cluster formation.
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Zlatić, Larisa, Peter F. Macneilage, Christine L. Matyear, and Barbara L. Davis. "Babbling of twins in a bilingual environment." Applied Psycholinguistics 18, no. 4 (October 1997): 453–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0142716400010936.
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ABSTRACTTranscriptions of 17 hours of recordings of babbling by fraternal twins in an English/Serbian language environment (1,454 utterances) were analyzed for basic aspects of articulatory organization, effects of the “twin situation,” and effects of the two ambient languages, English and Serbian. Predictions that babbling would be dominated by a “frame” provided by rhythmic mandibular oscillation were, for the most part, confirmed in the form of consonant-vowel co-occurrence constraints showing little active intersegmental tongue movement (one subject) and a predominance of “vertical” (mandible-induced) intersyllabic variegation (both subjects). A possible effect of the twin situation was observed in the form of unusually high frequencies of the consonants and vowels most frequent in babbling. The only prominent ambient language effect was a relatively high frequency of palatal glides (palatals are common in Serbian).
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Hungria, Mariana, and Eleonora Cavalcante Albano. "CV co-occurrence and articulatory control in three Brazilian children from 0:06 to 1:07." Gradus - Revista Brasileira de Fonologia de Laboratório 1, no. 1 (October 8, 2020): 67–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.47627/gradus.v1i1.104.
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Many studies in language acquisition have addressed consonant/vowel co-occurrence, henceforth CV. Traditional views focus on the upper vocal tract, while a recent one stresses the importance of its lower end. None has nevertheless attempted to understand how these two tracts interact and cooperate in early vocalization. The role of the ambient language in this interaction is also understudied. The aim of this paper is to integrate such apparently contradictory views by observing activity in the entire vocal tract during the emergence of CV combinations in three Brazilian children interacting with their parents between the ages of 0:06 and 1:07. We have used a mixed longitudinal and cross-sectional method, whereby one child was followed longitudinally while the other two were observed at later, complementary stages. Data were collected using a digital recorder, transcribed with the aid of acoustic analysis, and later processed with a syllable counter. Our results uncovered the following trends: biomechanical constraints interact with ambient language inluences; control over articulations is diferent for vowels and consonants; infants tend to have a favorite babbling vowel; the lower vocal tract remains active past 12 months; and not all children acquire articulatory control in the same way. Overall, they do not support any speciic view, but, rather, call for the integration of several separate strands in the literature.
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U., Elizabeth, and Francis I.A. "The Syllable Structure of Tiv." International Journal of Literature, Language and Linguistics 4, no. 1 (September 22, 2021): 53–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.52589/ijlll-p2unambu.
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Linguistic studies reveal that every language has a particular way of combining its sounds to form words or parts of words called syllables. The paper looks at the syllable structure of the Tiv language, one of the Bantoid languages spoken mostly in the Middle Belt area of Nigeria, especially in Benue, Plateau, Taraba, Nasarawa and Cross River states of Nigeria. The objective of the study is to investigate the internal structure of syllables in the Tiv language in order to establish the regularities and restrictions inherent in the language. The study, therefore, aims at ascertaining the syllable patterns that are found in Tiv. This study adopts qualitative and analytical research design using the C V tier model of the phonological theory of syllable analysis as proposed by McCarthy (1979) and adopted by Clements and Keyser (1983), to explicate the permissible patterns of syllable structures in Tiv. Data for the study were gathered from native speakers of Tiv, whose language has not been corrupted by urbanisation and the researchers' intuitive knowledge of the Tiv language. It was found out in the study that, some of the permissible syllable structures in Tiv language include vowels and consonants like v, cv, ccv, cccv, cvc. It was also discovered that all the five vowels of the English alphabets may begin or end a syllable in the Tiv language. As found in English and other languages where the sequential occurrence of two or more consonants is termed consonant cluster, the Tiv syllable structure permits two or more consonants at the initial or final positions of the syllable which could occur as onset or coda, but they are not regarded as consonant clusters. They are regarded as co-articulations. The study concludes that Tiv language has a wide range of phonotactic constraints which if studied can contribute to the development of Tiv language.
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NICOLADIS, ELENA, and JOHANNE PARADIS. "Learning to liaise and elide comme il faut: evidence from bilingual children*." Journal of Child Language 38, no. 4 (October 29, 2010): 701–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305000910000231.
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ABSTRACTLiaison and elision in French are phonological phenomena that apply across word boundaries. French-speaking children make errors in contexts where liaison/elision typically occurs in adult speech. In this study, we asked if acquisition of French liaison/elision can be explained in a constructivist framework. We tested if children's liaison/elision was sensitive to co-occurrence and meaning. We expected children's use of liaison/elision to correlate with their experience with French (estimated by vocabulary). Thirty-one French-speaking children (twenty-five bilingual) between three and five years old produced familiar vowel-initial words, following four words: (1) un, (2) deux, (3) un petit and (4) beaucoup de. The children with smaller French vocabularies produced many vowel-initial words and some consonant-initial chunks. The children with larger French vocabularies produced liaison/elision correctly across several frames while associating a number interpretation with liaised consonants. These results suggest that children use a variety of cues to construct the appropriate use of liaison/elision.
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FÉRY, CAROLINE. "Markedness, Faithfulness, Vowel Quality and Syllable Structure in French." Journal of French Language Studies 13, no. 2 (September 2003): 247–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959269503001121.
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The quality of vowels in French depends to a large extent on the kind of syllables they are in. Tense vowels are often in open syllables and lax vowels in closed ones. This generalisation, which has been called loi de position in the literature, is often overridden by special vowel-consonant co-occurrence restrictions obscuring this law. The article shows first that the admission of semisyllables in the phonology of French explains a large number of counterexamples. Many final closing consonants on the phonetic representation can be understood as onsets of following rime-less syllables, opening in this way the last full syllable. Arguments coming from phonotactic regularities support this analysis. The second insight of the article is that Optimality Theory is a perfect framework to account for the intricate data bearing on the relationship between vowels and syllable structure. The loi de position is an effect dubbed Emergence of the Unmarked, instantiated only in case no higher-ranking constraint renders it inactive.
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GILDERSLEEVE-NEUMANN, CHRISTINA E., BARBARA L. DAVIS, and PETER F. MACNEILAGE. "Syllabic patterns in the early vocalizations of Quichua children." Applied Psycholinguistics 34, no. 1 (October 13, 2011): 111–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0142716411000634.
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ABSTRACTTo understand the interactions between production patterns common to children regardless of language environment and the early appearance of production effects based on perceptual learning from the ambient language requires the study of languages with diverse phonological properties. Few studies have evaluated early phonological acquisition patterns of children in non-Indo-European language environments. In the current study, across- and within-syllable consonant–vowel co-occurrence patterns in babbling were analyzed for a 6-month period for seven Ecuadorean Quichua learning children who were between 9 and 17 months of age at study onset. Their babbling utterances were compared to the babbling of six English-learning children between 9 and 22 months of age. Child patterns for both languages were compared with Quichua and English ambient language patterns. Babbling output was highly similar for the child groups: Quichua and English children's babbling demonstrated similar predicted within-syllable (coronal-front vowel, labial-central vowel, dorsal-back vowel) patterns, and across-syllable manner variegation patterns for consonants. These patterns were observed at significantly greater rates in the child groups than in the respective adult language input patterns, suggesting production system influences common to children across languages rather than ambient language perceptual learning effects during these children's babbling period.
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Lee-Kim, Sang-Im. "Revisiting Mandarin ‘apical vowels’: An articulatory and acoustic study." Journal of the International Phonetic Association 44, no. 3 (November 25, 2014): 261–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025100314000267.
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The present study investigates the articulatory and acoustic properties of the unique apical segments in Mandarin Chinese that occur after dental and retroflex sibilants instead of the high front vowel [i]. An ultrasound study showed that the segments are homorganic with the preceding dental and retroflex sibilants. However, an acoustic study showed that they have a periodic waveform and clear formant structures with no inherent frication noise, indicating that they are not ‘voiced fricatives’. The results also suggest that the observed F2 pattern can only be explained with an acoustic model of a sonorant consonant, wherein F2 is attributed to the cavity behind the apical constriction. Based on this, it is argued that the segments can be best seen as ‘dental approximant []’ and ‘retroflex approximant [ɻ]’. A phonological implication of the pattern is also discussed: the co-occurrence restriction with the high front vowel eliminates a potential chance of palatalization of the dental and retroflex sibilants that may lead to neutralization of the place contrast. The tongue front gesture in the following approximants seems to provide an additional cue to the place of the preceding consonants; the low F3 of [ɻ], for example, enhances cues to the place of the preceding retroflex sibilant.
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BERENT, IRIS, and JOSEPH SHIMRON. "Co-occurrence restrictions on identical consonants in the Hebrew lexicon: are they due to similarity?" Journal of Linguistics 39, no. 1 (March 2003): 31–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022226702001949.
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It is well known that Semitic languages restrict the co-occurrence of identical and homorganic consonants in the root. The IDENTITY HYPOTHESIS attributes this pattern to distinct constraints on identical and nonidentical homorganic consonants (e.g. McCarthy 1986, 1994). Conversely, the SIMILARITY HYPOTHESIS captures these restrictions in terms of a single monotonic ban on perceived similarity (Pierrehumbert 1993; Frisch, Broe & Pierrehumbert 1997). We compare these accounts by examining the acceptability of roots with identical and homorganic consonants at their end. If well-formedness is an inverse, monotonic function of similarity, then roots with identical (fully similar) consonants should be less acceptable than roots with homorganic (partially similar) consonants. Contrary to this prediction, Hebrew speakers prefer root final identity to homorganicity. Our results suggest that speakers encode long-distance identity among root radicals in a manner that is distinct from feature similarity.
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LEKAKOU, MARIKA, and KRISZTA SZENDRŐI. "Polydefinites in Greek: Ellipsis, close apposition and expletive determiners." Journal of Linguistics 48, no. 1 (December 19, 2011): 107–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022226711000326.
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Greek polydefinites are cases of adjectival modification where the adjective features its own definite determiner. We propose an account of the phenomenon that treats it as an instance of close apposition. Like close appositives, polydefinites in Greek instantiate multiple definite determiners, display a freedom in word order, and involve a restrictive interpretation. We propose that close apposition in Greek forms a complex DP out of two DPs which are in a sisterhood relationship through identification of the Referential roles within the DPs. This operation, semantically tantamount to set intersection, is constrained to apply only when the resulting set is not co-extensive with either initial set. This ensures the restrictive interpretation of one DP over the other. The fact that in polydefinites, it is always the DP containing the adjective that obligatorily satisfies the constraint has to do with the presence of noun ellipsis within that DP: (noun) ellipsis is known to come with a disanaphora requirement. We show that noun ellipsis is also responsible for the distribution of adjectives and adjective interpretations, as well as those discourse effects of polydefinites that have been thought of as the result of a DP-internal Focus projection. Finally, we make a proposal for the encoding of definiteness in Greek, consonant both with the existence of polydefinites in the language and with the prerequisite for set intersection among DPs: the overtly realized Greek definite determiner does not itself contribute an iota operator but preserves the <e,t>denotation at the DP level. Our proposal thus deals not only with the multiple occurrence of definite determiners in a construction that picks out a single discourse referent, but also with the compositionality problem that such a situation gives rise to. In the final part we tie the cross-linguistic (un)availability of expletive determiners of the Greek type to the (un)availability of morphologically realized case.
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Mukherjee, Animesh, Monojit Choudhury, Anupam Basu, and Niloy Ganguly. "Self-organization of the Sound Inventories: Analysis and Synthesis of the Occurrence and Co-occurrence Networks of Consonants∗." Journal of Quantitative Linguistics 16, no. 2 (May 2009): 157–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09296170902734222.
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Cahill, Michael. "Aspects of the phonology of labial-velar stops." Studies in African Linguistics 28, no. 2 (June 15, 1999): 155–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.32473/sal.v28i2.107374.
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Phonological patterns of labial-velar stops [kp, gb] are distinctively different from other consonants in their distribution and participation in phonological processes. A summary of cross-linguistic (> 80 languages) patterns of labial-velars includes phonemic inventories, co-occurrence patterns with vowels and consonants, and phonological processes that involve labial-velars. To explain these patterns, phonetic distinctives of labial-velars are presented, as well as the historical development of labial-velars. Feature Geometry and Articulatory Phonology are shown to account for some patterns. The conclusion drawn is that some patterns are best explained by diachronic factors, and there is no single current phonological theory that adequately accounts for all the other patterns.
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Flemming, Edward. "The relationship between coronal place and vowel backness." Phonology 20, no. 3 (December 2003): 335–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0952675704000041.
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This paper presents evidence that tongue-body position is always specified in the phonological representation of coronals, even where it is non-contrastive. Tongue-body position is needed to account for the typology of interactions between coronal consonants and adjacent vowels. For example, coronals only condition vowel fronting if they are produced with a front tongue body (usually anterior coronals), and only coronals produced with a back tongue body (usually retroflexes) condition vowel retraction. However, coronals do not have a fixed tongue-body position. Tongue-body position is affected by the position of the tongue tip/blade, because these articulators are physically connected, so each type of coronal has a preferred tongue-body position that facilitates the production of the coronal constriction. These preferences can be overridden, however, e.g. due to assimilation to a vowel. Optimality-theoretic feature co-occurrence constraints provide a good account of this type of dependency between articulators.
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Ruiz-Argüelles, Guillermo J., Alejandro Ruiz-Argüelles, Javier Garces-Eisele, Virginia Reyes-Nuñez, Maria Fernanda Vallejo-Villalobos, and Gisela B. Gomez-Cruz. "Donor Cell Myeloma: A Unique Case." Blood 132, Supplement 1 (November 29, 2018): 5743. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2018-99-112526.
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Abstract Leukemia relapse occurring in donor cells, so called donor cell leukemia (DCL) after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation has been previously reported in the literature. Some authors have suggested that the development of DCL is perhaps a more common occurrence than traditionally thought. Donor cell myeloma (DCM) seems to be less frequent than DCL. This 46-year old male when first seen in 2000 was diagnosed with stage IIIa multiple myeloma. A monoclonal IgA kappa spike was recorded at diagnosis. Treatment with melphalan and prednisone was delivered every four to six weeks for a total of 22 courses. Fourty months after the initial diagnosis, an M2 acute myelogenous leukemia was identified. Treatment with chemotherapy resulted in complete remission. Matched UCB cells were localized at the London Cord Blood Bank. The UCB belonged to a male product of a white western European mother and a black Nigerian father who was a carrier of hemoglobin S. Hemoglobins A, F and S were detected in the UCB, consonant with sickle cell trait. The patient was allografted employing the "Mexican" NST conditioning regimen, granulocyte count recovered to more than 0.5 x 109/L on day 14, with the platelet count never dropping below 20 x 109/L. On day +40, the polymorphic microsatellite markers revealed mixed chimerism. The hemoglobin S gene was identified on day +20 and on day +60, full chimerism was shown. Cyclosporine A was stopped on day +350. The patient returned 170 months after the transplant with low back pain and the bone marrow aspiration disclosed 80% abnormal plasma cells, an IgA kappa monoclonal spike of 3.1 gr/dl, and complete chimerism. Malignant plasma cells were sorted by means of flow cytometry before genetic fingerprinting; cells were stained with an admixture of fluorescent monoclonal antibodies and cells co-expressing dim CD45, bright CD38 and CD56 were sorted out to ≥99% purity. Sorted cells were shown to have donor origin (Figure 1). The patient was treated with thalidomide, dexamethasone and bortezomib and the monoclonal spike disappeared; an autologous stem cell transplant is planned. Most people consider that the development of a malignancy in the cells of the donor is a rare event and very few prospective studies have analyzed the real prevalence of this phenomenon. Prospectively, we have found that 7% (95% CI 2.9 to 13.6%) of patients with leukemic activity after an allogeneic graft do have a donor cell-derived leukemia; this figure contrasts with those described elsewhere in non-prospective studies. A major problem in the analysis of donor cell derived malignancies is that demonstration of the donor cell origin of malignant activity. In this case, the demonstration of DNA of the donor in the fluorescence-activated sorted malignant plasma cells is indicative of the origin of the myeloma cells. Interestingly, the immunoglobulin type produced by the initial myeloma cells is the same as that of the donor-cell myeloma; Despite being two myelomas producing the same immunoglobulin subtype, both should be considered as de novomalignancies and as such, treated; we have previously shown that donor cell leukemias do have a response when treated as de novo, non-secondary leukemias. To our best knowledge, this is the second report of DCM following allogeneic HSCT. Prior to this case, Kim et al reported a DCM after an allogeneic transplant in a patient with refractory anemia with ringed sideroblasts. Previously, two cases have been reported of donor-origin MM, but they occurred in patients who underwent solid organ transplantation of the kidney and heart-lung. Kumar et alreported a case of DCM developing after unrelated allogeneic HSCT in the both donor and recipient but they did not conducted a comprehensive molecular cytogenetic study. In the case published by Maestas et al, an abnormal proliferation of plasma cells was identified in the donor, thus making possible that a malignant plasma cell clone was already present in the donor stem cells. In summary, we have clearly shown that this patient has had three different malignancies: 1) De novomultiple myeloma, 2) Secondary acute myelogenous leukemia and 3) De novodonor cell-derived multiple myeloma. The mechanisms involved in these episodes could be useful to better understand tumorigenesis. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Nikolaev, Dmitry. "Bootstrap co-occurrence networks of consonants and the Basic Consonant Inventory." Linguistic Typology, January 10, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/lingty-2022-0036.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract It has been recently shown by Nikolaev and Grossman that it is possible to provide a fine-grained typological analysis of consonant inventories of the world’s languages by investigating co-occurrence classes of segments, i.e. groups of segments that tend to be found together in inventories. Nikolaev and Grossman argued that the structure of many of such co-occurrence classes is in contradiction with the Feature-Economy Principle. As a side product of this analysis, a new definition of the Basic Consonant Inventory (BCI)—a cluster of segments forming the bedrock of consonantal inventories of the world’s languages—was provided. This paper replicates the co-occurrence study in an arguably more robust way. In addition to making a methodological contribution, it shows that some of the co-occurrence classes defined by Nikolaev and Grossman, including the BCI, are not statistically stable and may be an artefact of the imbalance in the language sample used for the analysis. The findings of the authors regarding the Feature-Economy Principle, however, were corroborated.
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Stanton, Juliet. "Segmental Blocking in Dissimilation: An Argument for Co-Occurrence Constraints." Proceedings of the Annual Meetings on Phonology 4 (May 9, 2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.3765/amp.v4i0.3972.
Full textAbstract:
Most contemporary work assumes that dissimilation is motivated by featural co-occurrence constraints: a process that maps /X...X/ to [X...Y] (for example) is explained by positing a ban on co-occurring [X]s (e.g. Alderete 1997, Suzuki 1998; though cf. Bennett 2015). I show how this approach can be extended to analyze the typology of segmental blocking effects in long-distance consonant dissimilation, and provide evidence from lexical statistics in support of the analysis. Preliminary results indicate that the proposed analysis makes more accurately restrictive predictions than available alternatives.
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Yimam, Baye. "Phonological Features of the Amharic Variety of South Wəllo." Oslo Studies in Language 8, no. 1 (February 9, 2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.5617/osla.4415.
Full textAbstract:
This paper examines the phonological features that characterize the Amharic variety spoken in South Wəllo, an area which has been influenced by the diffusion of linguistic and cultural features arising from longstanding contact situations between Semitic and non-Semitic linguistic groups. Data from eight districts of the zone have shown that the South Wəllo variety has 26 consonant and seven vowel phonemes. The consonants are four fewer than that reported of the standard variety. The co-occurrence restrictions of the consonants and the syllable structures are the same as those of the standard variety. However, the phonological rules that operate at morpheme internal, morpheme and word boundary levels are different in the degree of complexity and directionality. These include inter-vocalic lenition of velar stops, word-final weakening of alveo-palatals, coalescence of lowering diphthongs, centering, lowering and fronting of vowels, metathesis of coronals and anteriors, and lexeme specific alternations of homorganic consonants. The description of the facts provides more substantive arguments in favor of the long-held claim that Wəllo constitutes a distinct dialect area.
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Stanton, Juliet. "Aggressive reduplication and dissimilation in Sundanese." Phonological Data and Analysis 2, no. 5 (September 5, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.3765/pda.v2art5.25.
Full textAbstract:
Most cases of long-distance consonant dissimilation can be characterized as local (occurring across a vowel) or unbounded (occurring at all distances). The only known exception is rhotic dissimilation in Sundanese (Cohn 1992; Bennett 2015a,b), which applies in certain non-local contexts only. Following a suggestion by Zuraw (2002:433), I show that the pattern can be analyzed in a co-occurrence-based framework (Suzuki 1998) by invoking two unbounded co-occurrence constraints, *[r]…[r] and *[l]…[l], whose effects in local contexts are obscured by a drive for identity between adjacent syllables. Statistical trends in the lexicon are consistent with this analysis. I compare the predictions of this analysis to those of Bennett’s (2015a,b) and suggest that the present proposal is preferable.
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"Estimation of Power Spectral Density in SVPWM based Induction Motor Drives." International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering 8, no. 9S2 (August 31, 2019): 602–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijitee.i1123.0789s219.
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This paper is readied the product programming of the SVPWM and half of breed PWM basically based DTC of recognition engine manipulate for assessing the strength Spectral Density (PSD) and the overall consonant mutilation (THD) of the road flows. The PWM set of guidelines utilizes three beautiful PWM methodologies like traditional SVPWM, AZPWM3 and combination PWM for the evaluation of the vitality spectra and consonant spectra. In quality spectra appraisal the extents of the power accrued at express frequencies and inside the consonant spectra the problem band sizes at one among a type replacing frequencies are taken into consideration for the assessment. To confirm the PWM calculations, numerical activity is performed making use of MATLAB/simulink Telugu (తెలుగు) is one of the Dravidian languages which is morphologically rich. As in the other languages it too contains polysemous words which have different meanings in different contexts. There are several language models exist to solve the word sense disambiguation problem with respect to each language like English, Chinese, Hindi and Kannada etc. The proposed method gives a solution for the word sense disambiguation problem with the help of ngram technique which has given good results in many other languages. The methodology mentioned in this paper finds the co-occurrence words of target polysemous word and we call them as n-grams. A Telugu corpus sent as input for training phase to find n-gram joint probabilities. By considering these joint probabilities the target polysemous word will be assigned a correct sense in testing phase. We evaluate the proposed method on some polysemous Telugu nouns and verbs. The methodology proposed gives the F-measure 0.94 when tested on Telugu corpus collected from CIIL, various news papers and story books.The present methodology can give better results with increase in size of training corpus and in future we plan to evaluate it on all words not only nouns and verbs
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Kilpatrick, Alexander, Shigeto Kawahara, Rikke Bundgaard-Nielsen, Brett Baker, and Janet Fletcher. "Japanese Perceptual Epenthesis is Modulated by Transitional Probability." Language and Speech, June 16, 2020, 002383092093004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0023830920930042.
Full textAbstract:
Perceptual epenthesis is the perception of illusory vowels in consonantal sequences that violate native phonotactics. The consensus has been that each language has a single, predictable candidate for perceptual epenthesis, that vowel which is most minimal (i.e., shortest and/or quietest). However, recent studies have shown that alternate epenthetic vowels can be perceived when the perceptual epenthesis of the minimal vowel would violate native co-occurrence restrictions. We propose a potential explanation for these observed patterns: speech perception, and thus also vowel perceptual epenthesis, is modulated by transitional probability whereby epenthetic vowels must conform to the language specific expectations of the listener. To test this explanation, we present two experiments examining perceptual epenthesis of two Japanese vowels—/u/ and /i/—against their transitional probability in CV sequences. In Experiment 1, Japanese listeners assigned VCCV tokens to VCuCV and VCiCV categories. In Experiment 2, participants discriminated VCCV tokens from VCuCV and VCiCV tokens. The results show that sequences where /i/ is transitionally probable are more likely to elicit /i/ perceptual epenthesis.
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Lo, Chiachih, Feng-fan Hsieh, and Yueh-chin Chang. "Variegated VC Rime Restrictions in Sinitic Languages." Proceedings of the Annual Meetings on Phonology 7 (June 1, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.3765/amp.v7i0.4490.
Full textAbstract:
In this study, we consider a non-Markedness-based account for VC rime phonotactics in Sinitic languages, with special reference to Taiwanese Southern Min and Hakka. Rime gaps in Chinese languages have been customarily analyzed as co-occurrence markedness constraints. But analyses along this line not only overgenerate by predicting unattested gaps, but also fail to motivate those phonotactic constraints in a principled fashion. By adopting Hsieh’s (2010) duration-based account, we present further phonetic evidence to show that phonotactics of Chinese VC combinations may be attributed to: (i) low perceptibility of coda consonants due to absence of release, and (ii) decreased vowel distinctiveness as a result of vowel reduction. One of the new findings in this study is that the perceptual difficulties are further exacerbated by the relatively shorter duration of Taiwanese checked syllables, if compared with those of Hakka and Cantonese. Also, salient F2 transitions (vowel gliding) may occur to enhance the place of articulation of a stop coda in Taiwanese. Therefore, rime gaps are normally found in contexts whereby (i) VC coarticulation is weak and (ii) vowel distinctiveness cannot be maintained. In sum, the results of our acoustic studies suggest that the duration-based approach offers a more straightforward account for why Taiwanese has more rime gaps than Hakka and Cantonese do.
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Ana M. BÁEZ, undefined. "Barremian anurans of the Iberian Peninsula: new insights into their taxonomic diversity." Comptes Rendus Palevol, no. 6 (February 15, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/cr-palevol2021v20a6.
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The Barremian continental successions of the Iberian Peninsula have yielded numerous remains of anurans. Some of these finds consist of fragmentary bones whereas others furnish more complete evidence on the skeletal morphology and proportions of the represented taxa. Notwithstanding the foregoing, most of these records have been ascribed either to the relatively basal extant costatan clade or to the poorly known extinct genus Eodiscoglossus Villalta, 1954 based on insufficient data. Recent revisions of some of these materials have demonstrated the presence of traits presumably plesiomorphic and unknown in extant costatans, thereby casting doubts on their phylogenetic placements. Herein two specimens from the upper Barremian Las Hoyas Konservat-lagerstätte are thoroughly described and compared, providing evidence of additional anuran taxa in this site. One of these specimens, initially reported as cf. Eodiscoglossus, is referred to Wealdenbatrachus Fey, 1988, a genus already described in the coeval fossil site of Uña. Another specimen consisting of a partial postcranial skeleton is documented by a latex-rubber cast and a photograph; it represents a new taxon whose phylogenetic position remains uncertain due to the incompleteness of the available evidence. Comments on a third specimen that might belong to another taxon are included, although its detailed description awaits its full preparation. The overview of the Barremian taxa currently recognized from Iberia reveals the co-occurrence of taxa of different sizes, body proportions, and lifestyles, suggesting some ecological partitioning in consonance with the heterogeneous habitats represented in the yielding fossil sites.