Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Consommation – Psychologie'
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Debenedetti, Alain. "L'attachement au lieu de consommation." Paris 9, 2006. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2006PA090044.
Full textSome consumption places prove to be very important for the consumer, not because of their intrinsic utility but because they are loved on a long- term basis and contribute to the consumer's self-construction. From an academic perspective, the literature review underscores the dearth of studies on place attachment. Thus, this dissertation intends to address this gap by studying the antecedents of the place attachment in the context of consumption places. A first qualitative exploratory study enabled us to unpack the mechanisms driving attachment to a consumption place. Then, we developed and validated a measurement scale including 11 items and 3 dimensions (social, physical, and personal). Eventually, an on-line questionnaire administered to 517 internet users enabled us to test the mechanisms suggested by the literature and the qualitative exploratory study. Results show that the attachment to a place is driven by numerous variables (specifically by the authenticity and psychological comfort felt in the place) which influence the construct dimensions with different degrees of intensity. They also suggest that the attachment to a place leads to behaviors and attitudes expressing loyalty, commitment, idealization, or decision to become the ambassador of the place. All these reactions might be of great interest to the managers willing to improve the relationships with their customers. To conclude, it is worth noting that the antecedents to attachment are also dependent on the nature of the consumption place
Chandon, Pierre. "Promotion des ventes, psychologie de l'achat et comportement de consommation." Phd thesis, Jouy-en Josas, HEC, 1997. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00994797.
Full textChandon, Pierre. "Promotion des ventes, psychologie de l'achat et comportement de consommation." Phd thesis, Jouy-en Josas, HEC, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997EHEC0054.
Full textSales promotions have experienced considerable growth over the past twenty years. Paradoxically, a growing number of academics and marketers argue that sales promotions are a sub-optimal by-product of price competition without any intrinsic utility for the consumer beyond reducing prices. In the first section of this dissertation, we re-examine the utility of sales promotions from the consumer's perspective. In so doing, we enlarge the currently dominant model of consumer response to sales promotions which is mainly focused on the economic dimension of sales promotions and on their effects on consumer purchase behavior. In the second section, we develop scales measuring the multiple consumer benefits of sales promotions and experimentally study their effects on brand choice. Our results show that consumers evaluate sales promotions on the basis of their utilitarian benefits: savings, but also quality and convenience. Sales promotions also provide consumers with hedonic benefits: entertainment, exploration and self-expression. We then show that monetary promotions are more effective for utilitarian products and that non-monetary promotions are more effective for hedonic products. In the third section, we examine the effects of sales promotions on consumption behavior. Field and laboratory experiments show that promotional stockpiling accelerate the consumption of the promoted product. They also show that this effect is partially due to the higher visibility and lower price of the promoted product. A scanner data analysis further shows that the effects of promotional stockpiling on consumption are only significant for substitutable products consumed on impulse. Overall, our results suggest to reconsider the utility of sales promotions for they can have an intrinsic utility for the consumer and they can increase primary demand by accelerating product consumption
Ruiz, Nicolas. "Contributions à l'étude du comportement de consommation des ménages." Cergy-Pontoise, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006CERG0308.
Full textConsumer theory offers an interesting framework which can be use for an empirical representation of consumption behaviour. Studying these behaviours is interesting in itself. Also, it can be use as a tool for public economies analysis. The aim of this thesis is to contribute to the study of these behaviours, and to propose sorne applications. In the first chapter, we treat the major problem of the measurement of priee effects in the case where no quantities are available in the data. The second chapter proposes a study of indirect taxation in a behavioural framework, with the use of a new microsimulation model. Finally, the third chapter focuses on the interest of the panel structure for the consumption data. We compute consumption laws on a highly disaggregated nomenclature by working out a pseudo-panel using a starting data set with no temporal dimension
Roederer, Claire. "L'expérience de consommation : exploration conceptuelle, méthodologique et stratégique." Dijon, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008DIJOE010.
Full textThis research is based on the assumption that a consumption experience consists in an interaction between a person and an object in a given situation (Punj and Stewart, 1983). It tests in a qualitative and quantitative manner, three dimensions of a consumption experience. The qualitative part relies on an experimental procedure using Kelly’s repertory grids (1955) and a phenomenological approach based on individual accounts of experiences. The quantitative part proposes an experience measurement scale with the comparison of different patterns of offer corresponding to Carù and Cova’s typology (2007), (consumer- driven, co-driven, company-driven experiences). The results reveal that an experience has three dimensions, irrespective of the context, which structure the individual’s memory of the experience. The first dimension is pleasure related and has been called the “hedonico-sensorial” dimension. The second is the “sociocultural rhetoric” dimension and explains what the experience reveals about the individual. The third relates to the control that an individual can have on the experience time. When applied to the two fields of consumption and experiences corresponding to Carù and Cova’s typology (2007), these dimensions can be used to establish patterns of offer and can be considered as levers for action to create or strengthen a competitive edge attached to an experience offer
Gollety, Mathilde. "Communication familiale et comportement de consommation de l'enfant." Paris 9, 1997. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1997PA090032.
Full textThis research fits in the field of consumer socialization. Its aim is to define which are the family interactions - I. E. The family communication processes - the parents use to develop consumer learning for their children. A qualitative methodology built on case studies and content analysis was used and the contributions of the work are three fold. First, we describe and explain the family communication dynamics developed in the field of consumption in each family. The results point out that parental consumer learning can be conveyed through 4 different types of family communication processes : - family communication processes through mediation of external information - family communication in retail stores - informal family communication processes - family communication processes focused on the values of money or autonomy. In a second time, we gather families, according to their closeness of their communication processes. Thus we define 5 patterns of family communication, each caracterized by a special combinaison of family communication processes. Then, we attempt to see which particular family communication process tends to favour the acquisition of consumer knowledge. At last, we identify the most efficient patterns of family communication, according to consumer learning for children
Boucherara, Issam. "Le Besoin, concept fondateur d'une discipline : l'image de soi et la consommation." Cergy-Pontoise, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008CERG0449.
Full textThe subject of this thesis is the examination of the relations between the self-image and the consumption. This thesis provides a better understanding of the concept of need. It introduces also the concept of waiting as a basic explanation of the consumption since this concept takes account of both the consumer and the product. Additionally, the thesis analyzes the relations between the expectations and the self-image. The knowledge of these relations allows to better determine the reasons that explain the individual preferences. This feature facilitates the selection of symbols in order to make benefits when communicating
Perrissol, Stéphane. "Exposition sélective appliquée aux objets alcool et tabac : influence de la structure et de la mesure de l'attitude." Rennes 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004REN20036.
Full textAccording to selective exposure's theory, people tend to expose themselves to consonant information and to avoid discrepant ones (Festinger, 1957). However, many studies do not succeed in highlighting dissonant informations avoidance. Three explanation have been proposed. The first one assumes the existence of many factors that could moderate or modulate the relation between attitude and exposure. The second one do not agree with the existence of these processes and reduces them to a simple context effect. At least, the third one postulates that contradictory results come from measures. This work mainly deals with this last alternative. It explores the structure of attitude and uses different measures (attitude and behavior questionnaires, implicit measure). Furthermore, many new selective exposure measures are elaborated. Finally, all the experiments deal with alcohol and tobacco and allow us to gather information on the real impact of advertising and prevention for these hot topics
Tricot-Guerin, Marie. "Le rôle des facteurs affectifs dans le processus de détérioration du lien relationnel en situation de crise : application à la consommation alimentaire." Lyon 3, 2010. https://scd-resnum.univ-lyon3.fr/out/theses/2010_out_guerin_m.pdf.
Full textThe crisis situation, regarding food, leads to numerous changes in buying and consuming behaviour. In this respect, the various works that have been carried out so far give a central position to the concept of perceived risk in the explanation of such phenomena. The growing importance lent to emotional states in the explanation of some of the consumer’s attitudes underlines today the necessity to widen this approach. This research thus offers to understand the different changes in the buying/consuming behaviour as the outcome of a deterioration process of the link initially established between the protagonists of the sector and the consumer. This process originates from the appearance of an event (in case of a product recall, or an accident, a food poisoning, or malpractice) that is unusual and worrying enough to craw the attention of some individuals who, therefore, develop various emotional and cognitive reactions. These reactions simultaneously lead to question the confidence initially put in the protagonists of the food sector. Withdrawing from the relationship eventually leads individuals to stop buying/consuming temporarily or permanently, to look for detailed information, or to change products or supplying sources, and also to spread negative rumours or taken boycott actions. The purpose of this research work consists in showing that taking into account the emotional reactions resulting from the crisis situation leads to a better understanding of the deterioration process in the relation between the consumers and protagonists of the food sector. This demonstration required the implementation of a new concept, “the crisis affect”, defined as “a subjective and relative concept aiming at synthesizing all the emotional reactions which are the most commonly and collectively felt by the consumers who are confronted with a crisis situation, and of its scale. The results that are obtained clearly underline the improvement that results from taking into account this concept in the explanation of the loss of confidence and of the changes in buying/consuming behaviour
Reineri-Brial, Bérangère. "Téléprésence, nouvelles sociabilités et stratégies identitaires dans l’expérience de consommation en ligne." Paris 9, 2011. http://basepub.dauphine.fr/xmlui/handle/123456789/7673.
Full textNoting that the use of Internet is not only utilitarian but experiential indeed cultural, this dissertation describes in depth and explains what people lives in their online consumer experiences. This description is done through the three great social and personal changes brought by the advent of cyberculture: the question of materiality of the body during immersion, through the concept of telepresence, the identity strategies and new forms of sociability appearing in the online consumption. The research is interpretive and involves a number of methods including the life stories as the main one (the semi-structured interviews and projective collages are also used). They are analyzed by a structural analysis and comparative analysis. In addition, the dissertation engages multidisciplinary literature, mainly based on media research, social psychology and marketing. Finally, recommendations are made for researchers and managers
Chauchard, Emeline. "Le craving et les remissions naturelles de la consommation de cannabis." Toulouse 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010TOU20088.
Full textCannabis is the most used illegal substance in France. Many studies have investigated cannabis dependence and associated disorders. However little is known concerning active addiction processes, relapse and cessation in cannabis dependence. Therefore, in France, cannabis craving and withdrawal are still misunderstood. The present research, including three separate studies, aims to investigate craving and self-initiated cessation of cannabis use. Study 1 - Objective: To validate a French form of the Marijuana Craving Questionnaire Short Form (MCQ-SF). The Marijuana Craving Questionnaire Short Form (12 items) was completed by a sample of 679 marijuana users. The results showed that the 4 factor model (compulsivity, emotionality, expectancy, purposefulness) was a poor fit to the data. Further analysis revealed 2 factors, pleasure and tension relief with good psychometric properties. Study 2 - A sample of 1266 young adults completed a questionnaire assessing depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation. (1) Results showed that among the entire sample, there was not association between depression, suicidal ideation and the use or not of cannabis. However, among cannabis users (for at least 1 month before inclusion), revealed an association between dependence, depression and suicidal ideas. (2) Findings show a correlation between cannabis craving, depressive symptoms and suicidal ideations. Study 3 – Twenty-three semi directive interviews were conducted among young adults, having abstained from cannabis for at least 30 days. The negative effects of cannabis use were stated as the main factor influencing self-initiated cannabis cessation. These results indicate the importance of cognitive assessment during change. The main strategies mentioned were changes of environment, new activities, and changes of life style. Many participants experienced difficulties in achieving total remission (craving, withdrawal symptoms…), and the benefits derived from their attempt are rarely emphasised. Finally over half the participants resumed cannabis use but in a more moderated and controlled fashion. Conclusions : These present results contribute to the understanding of cannabis craving and self-initiated cessation, and highlight the importance of creating specific prevention interventions
Sohier, Romain. "L'impact de la consommation numérique dans l'équilibre identitaire chez les adolescents : Quelle place pour l'identité digitale?" Caen, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016CAEN0506.
Full textConsumption is digital and we live in offline and offline spaces. In this context, it is necessary to understand the Internet user behavior. The study of the digital identity (DI) is a solution for its anaiysis. Our thesis aims at clarifying the DI ; measure the impact of digital consumption on the identity balance of individuels and thus identify the place of the DI in this link. We focus on adolescence, an age that combines an anchor between identity and technological ease. A qualitative study (n=33) reveals that the DI of an individual is its digital DNA, correlated or not with his real identity. It consists of four strands: the thoughts of the individual, its shares, its communications and its representations. The quantitative study (n=1335) stipulates that the measurement scale of the DI is divised in four dimensions. It identifies that the DI is the mediator of the relationship between the digital environment and the real identity. It states that there are five DI profiles that are created by practices. This thesis shows that the digital identity is an element on which marketers can rely on to do business by working on the dimensions of the measurement scale or identified profiles: Virtual reputation-Narcissist profile (product placement, brand content), Digital multiplied Self-Ultra-digital profile (user experience, virtual possessions) ; but also on new practices: e-sport, twitch. Tv. It also represents a societal and educational challenge for future generations that will be anchored in the digitalization of society
Torché, Maïlys. "Création de soi et imaginaire de consommation : une étude ethnographique de consommateurs geeks." Rouen, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ROUED006.
Full textConsumption has begun to live as a pleasure and symbolic experience (Holbrook and Hirschman, 1982) and fantasy consumption for geeks is an example. Geek is engaged in double consumption for digital and fantasy consumption (Billard, 2013). Fantasy consumption inspires co-creation of identity (Baker and Curasi, 2008) as imaginary consumption (Robert-Demontrond and Ozpaglar-Toulouse, 2011). How does an imaginary consumption contribute to the creation of self? We conduct a market oriented ethnographic study (Amould and Wallendorf, 1994) of geek consumers. Our findings demonstrate a creation of self for geeks inspired by fantasy consumption. We discuss the extended self (Belk, 1988) with the creation of self (Sartre, 1943) and the theory of structure and agency (Amould, 2007) with die symbolic structure (Tumer, 1990). Geeks create their identities by allocating fantasy resources. Therefore, we recommend ways to design fantasy experiences (Martin, 2016)
Sahed, Imaine. "L'évolution de la consommation de cigarettes, de cannabis et d'alcools forts au cours de l'adolescence : mode de consommation et quête identitaire." Paris, EHESS, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016EHES0065.
Full textThis thesis topic concerns the evolution of psychoactive substances use (cigarettes, cannabis and alcohol) during adolescence. The purpose is to understand why in adolescence some youth have limited themselves to the test of these substances while others have developed a regular, repeated (at least two or three times per week, weekly (once a week) and occasional consumption (at least once per month). The thesis favours identity problematic in order to understand the mode of consumption evolution. It puts in perspective the role of parents and friends in the identity mode of construction. From a methodological point of view, the thesis uses mixed methods. It is based on qualitative and quantitative approach. The empirical data present the different consumption as an expression of their autonomy in their choice and behaviours. In selecting not accept to be submitted to peer's or parents' norms and rules, to consume or to not consume does not appear as the identification process. These choices are approached as a revendication, expression of their autonomy. This approach is designed to free up consumers from identification approach. This movement may have several forms depending on familial experiences. It varies with parenting practices, which make a little allowance for free space, initiatives. The interviews analysis allows us to expand two types of process emancipation according to the interviews profiles: an emancipation process concerning parental norms for consumers and a emancipation process concerning peers norms for experimenters who have limited themselves to the test of psycho actives substances
Arripe, Marie-Laure. "Les normes de consommation : homogénéisation ou différenciation? Le cas de l'agro-alimentaire en France entre 1969 et 1991." Toulouse 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998TOU10023.
Full textDo consumer norms lead to homogenization or differentiation? We will try to answer this question through the study of food purchases patterns and the analysis of their macroeconomics determinants and effects in France over the period 1969-1991. Where consumer norms are often perceived as producing a relative uniformity in consumer behaviour, conditions of production (economy of scale, standardization of production processes, globalization etc. . . ) are often used as an explanation. However, Engel’s and more recent research has showed that the different consumer habits between social categories have not changed over the years. These differences between food expenditures patterns point to one group of representative products for each social category of consumers. How does one explain, from an economic view point, this enduring differentiation? We suggest a definition of consumer norms as a dynamic process based on intentional and non-intentional actions of consumers and manufacturers. We explore the relationship between production and consumption, through, firstly, looking at the differentiation strategies employed by manufacturers (such as advertising), and secondly, through examining the interaction between social structure in the demand od food products and economic characteristics of the sectors which actually produce these products. Finally, we observe that productivity and profitability are higher in those sectors which produce for specific demand, and especially, for the upper class, than those which produce for "mass market". Therefore, we conclude that the social structure of demand influences the economic results of the different sectors within the food industry
Abouhazim, Kawtar. "Mariage et consommation : approche ethnologique et recommandations marketing." Thesis, Normandie, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020NORMC008.
Full textBased on a phenomenological approach and an ethnomarketing protocol, this doctoral dissertation explores to what extent the culture of consumption around weddings in France interferes with the observed subcultures (religious, areligious, of gender, of passions and lifestyles, etc.). Through the study of the social and market structures that guide the customer journey of fourteen observation units, it emerges that weddings are largely predetermined by rituals inherited from the subcultures of origin. Nonetheless, personalisation and cultural hybridisation are present in varying degrees, creating more meaningful experiences and shaping a unique identity to each celebration. This produces customer journeys with diverse and heterogeneous trajectories, oriented by a thematic referent framework and the leitmotiv to “throw a successful wedding"
Alliez, Camille. "L' office du juge en matière de crédit à la consommation." Montpellier 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008MON10047.
Full textThe consumer credit is a contract making it possible to the consumer to finance the purchase of consumer goods without having the funds necessary. This contract which especially developed with the consumer society during the second part of the XXth century rests on a relation unbalanced between a financial institution and a consumer. The question of “the office of the judge as regards consumer credit” has arisen for a few years, because of the importance of the contentious matters which this unbalanced contract causes, often presented like a factor of over-indebtedness. It is advisable to raise the question of the intervention of the judge in this contract (Left 1) before studying the methods of this intervention (Left 2). The judge “d'Instance”, exclusively qualified on the matter, indeed is led to raise office certain means of defence of the failing borrower (often absent from the debates), as the irregularity of the preliminary offer of credit or the preclusion from the action in payment, step which is not validated by the Supreme court of appeal : the ignored rules would not concern a law and order of protection, which can be discussed. In the field close to the abusive clauses, the Court of Justice of the European Communities recognized with the judge the capacity to seize office of the abusive character of a clause contained in a contract of loan on personal property. In several recent judgments, the Court of Justice of the European Communities did not decide with all the clearness awaited on the precise question of the office of the matter judge of consumer credit, but the recent intervention of the legislator in article 34 of the law n° 2008-3 of January 3 2008, made it possible to clear up the situation by granting to the judge the possibility of raising of office non-observance of the provisions of the Code of consumption. This whole of given testifies to the acuity of the problem and its national dimension as well as Community
Dufer, Jean. "Satisfaction et insatisfaction du consommateur : proposition d'un modèle psycho-économique de consommation : implications pour l'entreprise." Nice, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986NICE0010.
Full textFerrandi, Jean-Marc. "Les effets de la culture sur le comportement de consommation : complexité du concept et limites de la mesure." Nice, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994NICE0015.
Full textAfter having defined the concept of culture and analysed its different components from a litterature review of human sciences and consumer behavior, we on the one hand proposed a partial measure of culture from the feast rituals of south constantine inhabitants, and on the second hand worked on operating conclusions for enterprise environment
Stien, Emilie. "L'impact de la culture sur le comportement de consommation : modélisation d'un comportement de consommation éthique ethnique." Thesis, Artois, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ARTO0105/document.
Full textResearch recognizes the influence of culture on consumer behaviour. Anthropology has developed the culture approach thanks to in situ studies and has allowed to grasp her moving nature. Moreover, it has measured the impact of situational variables on the strength of ethnic identity’s consumers. Studies on ethics are more recent and model the ethical decision making including the influence of individual and environmental characteristics. Facing an environment more and more multicultural and a growth of ethics concerns, the present thesis has conceptualized a model of ethic-ethnic consumer behaviour in order to answer the research question: cultural environment and individual characteristics influence the individual moral philosophy, the choice criterias, the behaviour and the ethic-ethnic consumption. The study, managed by a survey on 969 respondents, associates ethics and ethnic behaviour for the first time. Findings show that persons strongly attached to their cultural group and their cultural values are also more sensitive to ethics and ethnics criterias in their purchase intentions, which confirms the importance of the group in the personality construction. The strength of ethnic identity influence behaviours (which is a contribution of this study) and ethic and ethnic consumptions. Nevertheless, the ethical decision making has an indirect influence on the ethic and ethnic behaviours: this relation is mediatised by choice criterias. Management implications are numerous: first, firms have interest to communicate on the ethical dimensions of their ethnic products and secondly, this study shows the interest to develop offers based on “consumption experiences”
Saintives, Camille. "La culpabilité post-consommation : un modèle de ses effets sur les stratégies d'ajustement et la satisfaction envers la consommation." Thesis, Reims, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012REIME004.
Full text"This dissertation develops and tests a model explaining the antecedents of post-consumption guilt and its effects on satisfaction and repurchase intention. On the basis of a qualitative study and two experiments, this doctoral dissertation identifies self-esteem, guilt proneness, gender and situational control as antecedents of post-consumption guilt. This work also identifies the mediating role of coping strategies in the effect of guilt on satisfaction, these coping strategies being moderated by the antecedents of guilt. Finally, the last contribution of this doctoral dissertation lies in a coping strategies-based typology which identifies four clusters of consumers reacting in different ways to guilt."
Le, Serre Delphine]. "L'influence de l'âge subjectif sur les comportements de consommation touristique des seniors." Rennes 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010REN1G003.
Full textThe ageing population could initiate enormous opportunities for all industries. This new seniormarket has now captured the attention of marketers, product manufacturers and services providers who are facing this first issue : who really is the senior consumer and how do we identify him ? An in depth analysis of the review of litterature in Marketing has been led and has revealed that this question has still no unique answer. In order to provide a stable conceptual framework for study on the senior consumer, this research proposes the building of a new, stable and precise definition, linked to an indicator that aims to empirically identify the senior consumer. The resulting definition could be used by every researcher and practitioner in Marketing, whatever industry he/she is interested in. For this study, the area of interest has been the Tourism industry. Involving 600 French travellers (300 seniors and 300 non seniors), our study led to interesting results for a better understanding of these new consumers. The main purpose of our research was to study the impacts of the subjective age variables on the seniors' travel behaviours. Our results show that such effects exist, and that, for this industry, the most interesting subjective age variable is the discrepancy age, the difference between the cognitive and the ideal ages. Indeed, this variable, which has been neglected in previous studies on the senior consumer, has significant impacts on their travel behaviours and could be useful to segment this new market. It is the important to take this variable into account when studying the senior consumer behaviour
Clauzel, Amélie. "L' approche spatiale des interactions sociales : le cas de la consommation expérientielle au restaurant." Paris 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA010060.
Full textRezaee, Vessal Saeedeh. "Les heuristiques dans le luxe : la psychologie de l'utilisation des signaux liés au luxe." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAG003.
Full textIn this research, we discuss consumers’ preference for status products which is affected by their mode of thinking. In a series of experiments, we show that when consumers are more likely to rely on intuitive system thinking, they use status signal more often as a cue in their decision making process. In order to show the effect of the status signal as a heuristic cue, we manipulate consumers’ mode of thinking. Using an online questionnaire, we show that being in intuitive mode of thinking leads individuals to disproportionately rely on status signals as a heuristic cue in their decision making process
Daoud, Rasha. "La consommation énergétique domestique pour le chauffage en France." Thesis, Lille 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIL1A007/document.
Full textWe analyze in this work the determinants of the energy source for heating choice and its impact on the households living in France energy consumption and expenses. This thesis is written in five chapters. In the first we show the lack of data relative to home's energy consumption and we present a set of descriptive statistics showing some features of the energy consumption and expenses in the French dwellings. In the second chapter we describe in details the utilization of energy for heating in the French residential park and we make use of a discrete choice model to determine the factors intervening in the choice of heating equipments.In the third chapter we analyze the determinants of the energy demand for heating and the overall energy expenses in all the French dwellings by estimating a series of econometric models inspired by Dubin and Mcfadden (1984) used to deal with the selection biais.In the fourth chapter we concentrate on the rental sector to determine its singularities on the one hand, and, on the other hand, to find out the features which distinguish the social sector from the private sector concerning the heating equipment choice and the energy consumption and expenses levels. And last but not least, the fifth chapter is dedicated to lay the foundations of a theoretical model formalizing the behavior of all the agents toward energy when the heating bill is collective. It is worth noting that so far, there isn't any model dealing with this question
Badaoui, Khafid. "Les comportements de consommation des adolescents : apport du concept d'identité : applications au cas des styles vestimentaires." Dijon, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009DIJOE008.
Full textThere is a double interest in studying adolescents consumption behaviors; a managerial interest because adolescents constitute a real financial windfall and, an academic interest given the limited work in marketing literature about French adolescents. The concept of identity, whose construction is a cornerstone in adolescence, can enrich the understanding of consumer behavior. This work highlights the importance of two facets of identity (i. E. , personal and social) and the notion of clothing style when it comes to the adolescent clothing market. It is part of a classical marketing approach which takes into account individual and environmental variables. From several empirical studies combining different methodologies, this research highlights the influence of identity and clothing styles on products and brands consumption of adolescents
Dobré, Michelle. "La résistance, ressource du quotidien (étude des capacités civiles d'autolimitation de la consommation en relation avec la question écologique)." Orléans, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999ORLE1032.
Full textAllais, Olivier. "Non séparabilité des préférences et hétérogénéité des agents : deux tentatives de résolution des paradoxes de la consommation." Paris 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA010062.
Full textBlais-Lecours, Sarah. "Modèle de l'association entre la consommation de cyberpornographie, le fonctionnement sexuel et la satisfaction sexuelle selon le genre." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/28047.
Full textVavassori, David. "Etude psychopathologique des comportements de consommation de substances psychoactives (usage, abus, dépendance) : construction d'un modèle multidimensionnel de la dépendance psychopathologique." Toulouse 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002TOU20054.
Full textThe descriptions of the "addictive practices" (use, abuse, dependence) while constituting an important common basis for the diagnosis. Do these facts interrogate us on what is a psychopathological dependence ? This interrogative development conduct us to elaborate the following hypothesis: The "psychopathological dependence" to the psychoactive substances is characterized by psychodynamic, psychological and environmental factors, contributory to the constitution of differents mode of the psychic dependence. This process predominate in the apparition of the addictive behaviors. We tested this hypothesis near to 53 consumers subjects of psychoactive substances, submitted to instrument battery (ASI; SCL 90-R; TAT; The test of the tree; The biographic interview). Our results put in evidence : The absence of empiric foundation of the psychiatric classification of the consumption behaviors (use, abuse, dependence). Psychopathological configurations of the dependence integrating the psychodynamic, psychological and environmental factors. The existence of different modes of the psychic dependences predominate in the "psychopathological dependence". Finally, we attempted to construct a model of the "psychopathological dependence"
Cheung, Thelma. "Les mangeurs urbains brésiliens et leurs comportements de consommation : une recherche sur les différentes relations des groupes et leurs aliments." Nantes, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007NANT4003.
Full textIn this work it is investigate the behavior of Brazilian urban food consumers from stated information by interviews. Surveys are applied to Brazilian people and to ask about food products, food consumer places, food thinks and food constraints. The main goal of this work is to consider not only social economic but also socio-cultural factors which indicate how consumers persuade the food and thus adopt certain consumer behaviors. Multivariate statistical techniques are applied to problem and permit to consider qualitative variables for identifying consumer typologies. Moreover, lexical analysis is used to search other interesting information. It is conclude that food practices represent a way of approximating consumers to their reference group or a way of apartheid consumer groups
Casanova, Clémence. "Nouvelle démarche méthodologique dans les armées françaises pour améliorer la prévention des comportements à risque pour la santé : exemple de la consommation d'alcool." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0767/document.
Full textAlcohol misuses can have negative social and health repercussions on a given population. In terms of professional risk, members of the French military must be particularly vigilant about alcohol, given some of the specificities of the profession of arms. This thesis was designed to propose a new methodological approach within French military in order to prioritize prevention focuses on alcohol misuses. To reach this objective, we relied on the one hand on a mixed methodology associating qualitative and quantitative methods which emphasizes on a pragmatic approach. On the other hand we relied on the theory of social representations, a robust tool for studying risky health behaviors. First, semi-structured exploratory interviews were conducted to identify the social representations of alcohol with a sample of military. In a second step, a questionnaire was implemented based on the results of the interviews. By focusing on the content and the organization of the discourses relating to alcohol, we were able to better define risky drinking practices of a French military population, and thus to propose preventive measures adapted to this specific population. Our methodological approach proves to be useful for the prevention and to be also innovative to understand a public health issue, as no researches on this subject have so far been carried out within the French Army Health Service
Boesen-Mariani, Sabine. "Déterminants de l'évaluation, du choix et de la consommation des produits mixtes : une application au cas des aliments "santé"." Grenoble, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010GRENG007.
Full textMixed products (i. E. , hedonic products to which utilitarian attributes have been added or subtracted), have been gaining market share in the last few years, in a context where consumers are increasingly concerned with their health and weight. Yet, in spite of a number of successful launching, companies are also facing many failures. In fact, positioning and promoting these products is challenging since they combine attributes that are contradictory to consumers, such as tastiness and healthiness (Raghunathan, Naylor et Hoyer, 2006). However, the literature does not reflect the importance of this challenge. Research have mainly focused on characterizing hedonic versus utilitarian consumption and also on understanding the consequences – also emotional – of choosing a hedonic versus utilitarian product, and visa versa (Khan, Dhar and Wertenbroch, 2005). Moreover, this line of research is based on binary choices (the product tested is either mainly hedonic or mainly utilitarian) and suggests that the hedonic versus utilitarian perceptions can be represented in a bipolar continuum (Dhar and Simonson, 1999; Khan and Dhar, 2006 ; Okada, 2005 ; Shiv and Fedorikhin, 1999). Yet, consumers are daily confronted to options that are far more complex and therefore it seems interesting to consider products which are not only predominantly hedonic or utilitarian, but also products that vary in terms of "mixity" in term of these two dimensions. The main goal of this research was therefore to explore the determinants of attitudes, choice and consumption of these mixed products. More specifically, we investigated the influence of a particular emotion - guilt - and hedonic and utilitarian motivations in the attitudes, choice and consumption of mixed food products. The first phase of this research studied consumers’ attitudes towards mixed products. In order to achieve this goal, we first conducted a qualitative study (Study 1), which allowed us to highlight the importance of the dimension guilt related dimension. Second, based on the results of the qualitative study and on a literature review, we proposed and tested, via an internet quantitative study (study 2), a conceptual model that confirms the role of guilt in the formation of attitudes towards mixed products. The second phase of this research explored the process underlying choice and consumption of the mixed products. Based on the literature review and on results of the first two studies, we proposed and tested a model that highlights the role of guilt and hedonic versus utilitarian motivations in these processes. More specifically, we conducted two experiments using real products and we show that guilt can be activated by the characteristics of choice set in which the product mixed is inserted and by the presence of nutritional information. The presence (versus absence) of this emotion leads individuals to redefine their motivational priorities (hedonic versus utilitarian) and, subsequently, influence the choice and amount of mixed product consumed. First, the results of Study 3 indicate that in a hedonic context (when the mixed product is presented near a hedonic product), the choice of the mixed option is guided by the guilt activated by the choice context and by a utilitarian motivation: so that participants control the amount consumed (serving a smaller quantity of the mixed product compared to the utilitarian context). Conversely, in a utilitarian context (when the mixed product is presented near a utilitarian product), guilt is less present and, therefore, the choice of the mixed product is guided by a hedonic motivation, which leads participants to serve a larger quantity of this product (relative to the hedonic context). These effects are more important for women and for restrained eaters. In Study 4, the guilt was activated via the presence of nutritional information. Significant results were obtained only for consumption (not for choice). Our results show that the presence of guilt in the utilitarian context can eliminate the overconsumption observed in Study 3, however, no significant changes observed in the hedonic context
Clarisse, René. "Etude chronopsychologique des effets de l'alcool sur les comportements en situation festive et sur les performances à des épreuves psychotechniques : un moment particulier : l'apéritif." Tours, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995TOUR2024.
Full textOur study, which stands in the chronopsychological field, focuses on the aperitif ritual habit. This habit shows three features. It is the consumption of an alcoholic drink, socially shared out and taken at a given time. We have tried to estimate the effect of the alcoholic consumption and of the time of this consumption upon some psychotechnical achievements (some being motorperceptive and others mental) on the one hand, and upon the social communication on the other hand. We have carried out an experience with this aim in view and got the following results: the profiles of the daily fluctuation in the achievements can be distinguished from the standard profiles usually met with in the study of the vigilance and of the mental activity; the alcohol has made the communication easier but it has almost had no effect on all the psychotechnical achievements ; the time has had no effect at all either on the communication or on the non-verbal achievements of the general intelligence, but it has had some on the attentional tasks. We have also observed a training effect concerning these last ones. From this study, it seems to us that the sole mere alcohol consumption its not enough to activate the verbalization ; another condition is required, it is the ritual nature of this consumption
Michaud, Céline. "Comportements des consommateurs et biens privés à caractéristiques environnementales : une approche expérimentale." Grenoble, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010GRENE001.
Full textOur thesis provides an analysis of consumer preferences for green products that have the specificity to mix private charactéristics with environmental ones. Our work provides insights on how consumers may contribute to environmental protection by their purchase decisions and addresses the question of the empirical measure of consurmers' values. Chapter 1 presents the main theoretical concepts providing tools to study the green consumption phenomenon. Chapter 2 discusses the methodologies used to elicit consumer values in the empirical analysis of preferences. Chapter 3 is an experimental study of consumer preferences for products deriving from a remanufacturing process. An experimental auction mechanism shows that consumers' willingness to pay for a remanufactured camera result from important tradeoffs between its environmental and quality attributes. Consumers nevertheless express environmental preferences by undervaluing, or even boycotting, a conventional - brand new - and thus more polluting product. Chapter 4 explores consumers' choices for roses associated with two independant environmental characteristics : an environmental certification of environment-friendly cultivation practices and a carbon footprint indicator. We implement a real choice experiment for a non food product whose consumption cannot bring any sanitary benefit to the consumer. Not driven by any private motives related to possible health benefits, consumers nevertheless exhibit positive willingness to pay for both environmental attributes of the roses. Our results give strength to the hypothesis of altruistic motivations in consumers' choices for green products
Barrault-Couchouron, Marion. "Fluctuations émotionnelles, relation conjugale et consommation de substances : une étude en vie quotidienne chez un échantillon de femmes toxicomanes." Bordeaux 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007BOR21429.
Full textCette étude prospective vise à mettre en évidence les déterminants émotionnels et interpersonnels spécifiques à la sphère conjugale, impliqués dans le déclenchement des épisodes de craving et de la consommation de substances. S’appuyant sur un dispositif ambulatoire de recueil de données chez un échantillon de femmes toxicomanes en traitement (n = 80), les analyses ont porté sur les liens en vie quotidienne entre l’intensité de l’expérience émotionnelle et la nature de l’interaction conjugale sur l’intensité des épisodes de craving et la fréquence de consommation de substances. Les résultats montrent qu’il existe un lien chronologique et unidirectionnel entre craving et consommation ultérieure de substances le même jour. Les émotions négatives n’influencent pas l’intensité du craving ou la fréquence de consommation, mais l’intensité du craving est prédite par la diminution de l’intensité des émotions positives, par un haut niveau d’intimité et d’insatisfaction conjugale. Les déterminants proximaux émotionnels et interpersonnels ont donc un rôle déterminant dans le déclenchement de ces épisodes. Ces déterminants sont eux-mêmes influencés par des facteurs distaux tels que la détresse conjugale et la symptomatologie anxio-dépressive. La fréquence de la consommation de substances est déterminée par l’intensité des émotions positives et non prédite par les affects négatifs. Les déterminants interpersonnels proximaux et distaux semblent avoir peu d’impact sur la consommation. Les résultats permettent de souligner l’importance de la méthodologie ambulatoire tant pour examiner empiriquement des modèles dynamiques de la rechute que, dans la prise en charge thérapeutique
Lebrun, Mathilde. "L’influence des crises, événements, et accidents de vie sur l’achat et la consommation : une approche ethnomarketing à l’échelle familiale." Thesis, Paris 2, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA020004.
Full textThe goal of this thesis is to expand our understanding of purchasing and consumption practices for a group of individuals that make up a family. We explore the notions of crisis, events, life accidents, turning points at the family level, and their influences on buying and consumption practices. We adopt a longitudinal approach with data collection extending over more than 3 years and combine several data collection techniques. The protocol used is ethnomarketing, a research method adapted from anthropology and ethnography to marketing research. The research focuses on the influence of major life changes (e.g., births, children leaving home, retirement, death) and crises (the 2008 economic crisis for example) on consumption practices with analysis carried out using thematic analysis and semiotics. This doctoral thesis starts with a look at the research methodology, followed by a description of six of the families studied, intra-familial and inter-family analysis, theoretical discussion and finally managerial contributions. The thesis highlights the importance of the individual’s perception of the event. Furthermore, the idea of identity is a key factor in understanding the influence of changes and crises. This research also considers the following notions- others, objects, places and times - in consumption practices
Saadatfard, Esmaeil. "Comparaison de deux méthodes d'obtention de chaînes moyens-fins : une application en Iran sur trois catégories de produits de grande consommation." Bordeaux 4, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BOR40077.
Full textBonin, Delphine. "Variabilité évaluative et effets de contexte : contribution à l'étude des limites de l'influence contextuelle implicite sur les réponses évaluatives et perspectives pour l'optimisation des situations de test de consommation." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003CLF20007.
Full textAl, Hazzouri Naim. "Etude analytique du comportement de consommation des ménages syriens." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986CLF10024.
Full textEl, Ghali Mansouri Mariem. "L'identification des 8-14 ans à travers la consommation expérientielle des émissions de la téléréalité : Cas de « Star Academy »." Caen, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012CAEN0688.
Full textThe present PhD research is positioned within a context that yields controversial attitudes that is the reality TV phenomenon. This type of broadcast which is a new trend in television programming has led to different opposing reactions. On the one hand, it has led to serious criticism that belongs to a varied and diverse environment. On the other hand, and being omnipresent, its various formats have seen an enormous success especially within the category of children and adolescents who are in search for their identity. Thus, the current work main objective is to better encircle the effect of the experiential consumption of the concept of reality TV on the identity construction of people aged between 8 and 14. This research was conducted from an axis relying on three sources of data collection namely the semi- structured interview, the mini- group interviews and observations in a situation. Indeed, several results were found out, the attitude towards the reality TV programs and more specifically the program in question that is star academy is influenced by the religious aspect of the cultural and the social class of the Tunisian families. The experiential consumption of such program has largely contributed to the construction of the two identity facets (individual and collective) of the subjects through the physical appearance of the participants of the show, family reactions and feelings while broadcasting it, the competitive aspect and the imitative behaviour of the candidates
Mingant, Gaëlle. "Les femmes et l'alcool ou l'impossible mise en scène de la féminité." Montpellier 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005MON30042.
Full textWith the passing practice of a clinician psychology listening to alcoholic's women, we were particularly sensitive to the recurrence of the femininity question and the difficulties that they have to go through. These researches on this subject propose an answer to the following question : what about femininity for an alcoholic woman ? Thanks to the psychoanalytical theory and particularly with reference to Freud and Lacan, we try to open and to throw light on this question centred on two main thoughts : how an alcoholic woman may identify herself as a woman ? How a human being anatomically female may become a woman ? Working on the masquerade femininity's concept, which is according to us, the proper meaning of the femininity, we have put in evidence how an alcoholic woman shirking of father's metaphor is unable to put in scene her feminine masquerade. Without an appropriate answer from her father to her question of femininity, an alcoholic woman is using the toxic alcohol in order to forget this non recognition of prime necessity
Leung, Chit Kwai Gary Kim Seng. "Chômage, alcoolisme et insertion professionnelle." Bordeaux 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994BOR2M171.
Full textDemeure, Gilles. "LA PRESSE DE TERRITOIRE : D'une conception stéréotypée à une consommation sécurisante." Phd thesis, Université Michel de Montaigne - Bordeaux III, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00442679.
Full textBelahmira, Kawtar. "Comportement du consommateur dans le cadre de la consommation énergique durable et responsable. Effet de la nouvelle tarification sur le comportement de consommation d’eau et d’électricité des ménages casablancais." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020COAZ0001.
Full textIn a context of change in the water and electricity pricing system in Morocco, can households in Casablanca change their behavior to reduce their consumption ? To answer this question, we identified the different causes of the behavioral lock of individuals and the opportunities for change cited in literature.Then, we have analyzed the evolution of the water and electricity consumption of Moroccan and Casablancan households before the implementation of the new pricing system and observedthe national stakes of the energy sector in Morocco. From 62 qualitative interviews, we have observed the different types of behavior. By analyzing in detail the collected data, we have revealed the different factors influencing the energy consumption behavior of the households interviewed in particular: their attitude, their ability to act, their environmental preference and the social influence of those around them, the behaviors put in place following the tariff increase and their future arrangements. One special attention was allocated to four groups of households that we identified using different criteriaas an extrinsic motivation to reduce energy consumption Finally, we have made recommendations for energy policy makers to support households towards sustainable and responsible consumption
Degorre, Aline. "Le placement de marques dans une expérience de consommation musicale : enjeux et mesure." Thesis, Toulouse 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU10064.
Full textFacing increasingly violent anti-advertising movements and a diversion of individuals from a strong advertising pressure, marketing has to rethink traditional communication strategies. From this perspective, brand placement appears to be an effective way to promote a brand, a product or a service to individuals. We study the impact of brand placement on the behavior of the consumer in a musical consumer experience. In this context, we present the development of the real-time measurement tool, the Continous Responses Digital Interface. Through an experiment with 240 individuals, we test and validate the research model and the CRDI tool, on two different audiovisual supports. The statistical processing carried out using SmartPLS software highlights short-term memorial effects of brand placement in the audiovisual medium. In addition, our research model highlights the role of flow as a mediator of the relationship between immersion and satisfaction
Burzala-Ory, Hélène. "L'image des légumes : discours, représentations, et pratiques de consommation en France." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018UBFCH036/document.
Full textSince the establishment of the PNNS (National Health Nutrition Program) in 2001 in France, everyone knows that we must eat vegetables daily, and from a very young age, to enjoy a balanced diet. In the country whose "gastronomic meal" was certified in 2010 by the UNESCO Intergovernmental Committee for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity, the food culture has, for twenty years, seen its tradition based on on taste and commensality, disrupted by an increasingly functional approach to nutrition, focused on nutrition and health.The French eater is, in this context, beset by contradictory discourses on food, but which tend for the most part to make him responsible and potentially to make him feel guilty. Impregnated with a food culture of pleasure and freedom, it undergoes a real upheaval of the values related to food.One could then think that the practices have changed and that the consumption of vegetables, today highlighted by the public health policies, has strongly increased. Paradoxically, this is not the case. The latest CREDOC study even shows that "in 2016 (...) we have never had so many large consumers of fruits and vegetables, whether in children or adults. "(2017). In addition, "reaching the benchmark of five fruits and vegetables a day is primarily done by consuming more fresh fruit" (Ibid.).However, while the latest studies show a general decline in vegetable consumption, the certified classes of society are the only ones that maintain a higher consumption, mainly of fresh vegetables. The question then is whether the vegetable would not be on the way to becoming a new distinctive food, concentrating the dominant values of our super-modern society (Augé, 1994) taken over by the "upper middle" categories, such as freshness, lightness, naturalness, etc. If we can bet a diffusion of practices today minority from the top of the social ladder down, following the theories of social innovation observed throughout history, it seems relevant to be interested the brakes and levers, beyond the material conditions, the consumption of vegetables among these eaters.To understand, interpret and analyze the consumption of vegetables in France, it is a question here of studying the imaginary that they deploy among the most consuming eaters, because if "all social fact must be studied from the material and from the mental point of view "(Corbeau, Poulain, 2002), the parameters of rational choice are far from sufficient, in the case of food in general, and vegetables in particular, to understand their low consumption. In this context, the consumption of vegetables is understood as a source of distinction and social integration.From the field survey on 20 eaters, limited in number but extended by the multiple survey protocols deployed, from socioprofessional categories graduates, it is to understand the relationship between sensory experience and even polysensory, sensitive (multimodal) attached to vegetables and concomitant representations.From the tasting experience to the "image of taste" (Boutaud, 2005) of vegetables, through the context and the modalities of their consumption, the idea is to grasp, on the ground and in a very concrete way, the way in which the numerous media discourses on vegetables, constitutive of social imaginaries on the subject, are received, perceived, appropriate and more or less integrated into the practices of the eaters, themselves located at the crossroads of a bundle of favorable factors or not in the image of vegetables, at different scales, consciously or unconsciously
Gicquel, Yohan. "Entre norme et déviance. Exploration des pratiques liminales de consommation." Thesis, Paris Est, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PEST0076.
Full textThis research focuses on deviant consumption practices. It examines when these consumers are caught in conflicting normative systems : the world of consumption and their practice. Based on an ethnographic method, two cases are studied: the excessive alcohol consumption and of online video games practice. Data were analyzed by constant comparison and an iterative process of coding, categorization and data abstraction. From an interactionist reading the findings indicate the main stages of the career of these consumers : (1) engaging in practice, (2) entry into the deviance, and (3) the construction of normal appearances. Finally, the results show that, during the meetings with 'normal' consumers, deviant mobilize naturalization methods to negotiate their place in the scale of normalities structuring the world of consumption
Boizot, Christine. "La consommation des boissons à domicile : une analyse économétrique de la demande et des achats en France en 1997." Paris 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA010056.
Full textFejlaoui, Younss. "Les leviers de l'influence des leaders d'opinion au sein des communautés virtuelles de consommation : approches netnographique et psychométrique." Thesis, Toulouse 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011TOU10053.
Full textBy all the means of communication that Internet offers, it constitutes a data mine and a suitable universe for exchanges between consumers. It does permit the interaction of different people sharing their passions and their experiences based on the knowledge to make their own consumption decisions. Yet, we have witnessed the rise of focused, local and intimate virtual spaces : virtual communities of consumption. Nevertheless, many researches evoke the role that close entourage plays in making consumers decisions and particularly the one played by the opinion leader in that same decision. However, the very few they placed this concept within an online opinion environment, have considered that an offline opinion leader has the same characteristics that an online one. There has been no research yet that has modeled its influence within virtual communities of consumption. The overcome this lack, study and understand the interpersonal influence within e-consumers groups, we conducted, over a period of 14 months, 10 netnographic studies following 10 consumer virtual communities that use forums of discussion as a mean of communication. These studies allowed us not only to confirm the existence of interpersonal influence but also to define the essence and the theoretical structure of two new concepts : the opinion of e-leadership and the perceived usefulness of the source message and their valid and reliable measures. These netnographic studies allowed us as well to model the attribution of the influence to a source opinion proposing other variables that specify forums of discussion as the status of the opinion source and its assiduity within the forum. To test our model, we then adopted a psychometric approach to explain the phenomena of interpersonal influence by studying, following a dyadic approach, the interaction in-situ between two members of the community. Our results show that the level of the source opinion e-leadership and its status has a direct effect on the influence attributed to it by the other members of the community. Both effects are mediated in part by the perceived usefulness of the message of the source