Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Consommation durable – Aspect économique – France'
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Assouly, Laurent. "La sobriété à l’épreuve de nouvelles migrations urbaines de télétravailleurs : impact sur la consommation et la représentation des idéaux de vie." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris-Panthéon-Assas, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023ASSA0069.
Sufficiency is a polysemous term presented by academic research and the media as the essential scenario for ecological transition. Its contemporary meaning encompasses a multitude of meanings: frugality, temperance, voluntary simplicity, all of which refer to possible ways of regulating our material consumption. This thesis examines and tests the notion of sufficiency by drawing on field research into the 'urban migration of teleworkers'. A move to rural areas based on materialistic and affective motivations.We are studying the subjective relationship to consumption and the representations of the ideals of life of the digital-neo-rural. This neologism defines this new figure of the digital employee straddling several territories, between modernism and a return to the land.Our surveys reveal an experiential sufficiency that shows several possible operationalities of this reductionist concept: "debond effect", "territorially responsible consumption", "another relationship with time", "contingent sufficiency", "domestic hub". Sufficiency has a number of facets that can broaden its desirability. Acculturation is managed by integration strategies in which consumption is used to legitimise territorial affiliation. Our research shows that digital-neo-rural living combines environmental, technological, economic, and societal issues. This thesis provides a better understanding of the construction of alternative lifestyles and imaginaries, with the logic of abundance being called into question
Le, Guirriec-Milner Gaëlle. "L'arbitrage autarcie-marché et la modélisation des décisions de production au sein de la famille : une analyse théorique et empirique." Paris 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA020053.
Le, Bot Jean-Michel. "Du développement durable au bien public : responsabilité et légitimité en question : à partir des cas de la Bretagne et de la Russie." Rennes 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999REN20003.
Recognising the relevance of the concept of sustainable development as a political reference, the author can hardly conceive it as a scientific concept. He prefers the concept of public good, of which as precise a definition as possible is given. He starts by examining two cases : Russia and Brittany. In Russia, can the ecologist movement, together with the desire for change which became apparent from the mid-80s, contribute in overcoming the ecological and sanitary consequences of the soviet industrial development, combining productivism and totalitarianism ? In Brittany, a productivist agricultural system is now being criticised because of its pollutant effects, whereas there are recognised alternative methods : organic farming, sustainable development plans, etc. Their supporters show that it is possible to produce otherwise, combining economic viability, ecological security and social acceptability. But does this clarify the real issues of these alternatives ? Analysing the practices demands the intervention of a theoretical model allowing for an identification of rationalities which formalise these practices. This model, which allows the question of environment and economic rationality to be dealt in a new way, is studied in the second part. A third part specifies how the study of Russian and Breton cases can enlighten fundamental problems. Don't the Russian post-soviet ecological crisis and the crisis of the Breton agricultural system, illustrate the limits of reference to economic rationality ? Doesn't contemporary reference to sustainable development constitute a reminder of a political principle of responsibility, as well as of an ethical principle of legitimacy ? How does the theoretical model used allow for a precise definition to be given of the concept of public good ? Finally, a certain similarity is shown between the crises concerning the professions of social workers and farming advisers. A redefinition of the profession of adviser is proposed
Besancenot, François. "Territorialité, durabilité : un seul enjeu ? : réflexion sur la mise en oeuvre d'un développement territorial durable à partir d'un exemple : le Bassin potassique alsacien." Lyon, École normale supérieure lettres et sciences humaines, 2006. https://theses.hal.science/tel-00097780.
The difficulties encoutered by many terrtorial authorities in Europe when putting sustainable development policies into practice suggest that territory and sustainable development do not necessarily sit well together. However, a closer examination seems to show that they are actually inextricably intertwined. The study of the regeneration of the Alsace potassium Basin helps bring these two concepts closer together. A single activity/single identity system, typical of mining areas, progressively replaced by diversification in business and identities, has allowed us to ask : how to make a success of such a fundamental process of change ? Can the concept of sustainable development help us here ? Based on bibliographical studies, public surveys and extensive discussions, a better knowledge of the Basin (1904-2005) has allowed us to develop an alternative conception of its development and to demonstrate that it is ready to adopt a real territorial project like a sustainable development project. This is followed by a dissection of differing methods of putting sustainable development ideas into pratice and some further reflection on the suitability of the area chosen for study. Finally, we propose a sustainable development diagnosis that can be extended to any territory, using appropriately adapted indicators. This way of trying out such a diagnosis for the Basin has proven the importance of the concept of territoriality when putting in place Agenda 21 at a local level. Every project of this sort requires a coherent territorial entity (potassium Basin) even if this (Communauté de communes de Mulhouse Sud-Alsace) does not correspond directly to the area of a given political body. Whilst this particularly study has been solely of the potassium Basin, it would be especially interesting to apply our methods to analysis of other sustainable development projects, whether or not they work within coherent territories, both in France and in other countries
Dabat, Marie-Hélène. "Analyse économique du développement durable du littoral : application au cas de la Méditerranée française." Montpellier 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000MON10068.
Bettaieb, Hanene. "Rationalisation de la consommation d'énergie et qualité de développement durable : étude de la relation consommation d'énergie - croissance économique (cas de la Tunisie)." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015SACLV005/document.
To study the relation between the energy consumption, the economic growth and the environment is crucial in the process of proposal of the policies. Except, that the question that arises, that is of use to what to propose actions, strategies and policies which are not practised by the consumer. For that purpose, our reflection articulated in three axes within this thesis by beginning by studying the relation between the energy consumption and the economic growth by taking into account the oil price, in first axis. Then, we have to study this relation but this time by integrating the environmental side via CO2 emissions to consider the environmental effects due to the energy consumption which followed the rhythm been imperative by the acceleration of the economic growth. Where from, the interest of the energy and environmental policies to reduce the demand of energy and to protect the environment. The citizen as the actor of RSA(ACTIVE SOLIDARITY REVENUE) has to have an awareness of the DD via several actions such as the education and the formation on one hand and the putting in measure of the information to the public of the children to the young people to the adults. Yet, the not awareness entailed one evil understanding of action plans and thus the evil practises. Otherwise, the success of these actions in Tunisia requires a combined awareness of a participation of the other actors. For these reasons, the last part was dedicated to the study of the consciousness at the students and the teachers. According to the results, the students and the teachers are little (see not of quite sometimes) informed about the councils of control and about environmental protection. Thus, the implementation of the programs of formation and raising sensitization is seen necessary within the university establishments and all the educational establishments, and the actors of RSA generally. Nevertheless, these actors do not have to act by obligation but rather they must be convinced of the strategic interest of the energy and environmental policies of the country
Venzal, Christel. "Le géotourisme dans le Verdon : la mise en réseau des géosites (géologiques et préhistoriques) comme enjeu du tourisme durable." Avignon, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006AVIG1045.
Benhamou, Gérard. "Structures de production, de distribution et d'information des médicaments. Un exemple de consommation pharmaceutique : les contraceptifs, application à la Seine-Saint-Denis." Paris 5, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA05P166.
Mouysset, Lauriane. "Les politiques publiques au défi de la biodiversité : modèles et scénarios bio-économiques pour une agriculture durable." Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012MNHN0004.
Global changes such as the climate change, the agriculture evolution or the urbanization, have exerted significant pressures on biodiversity (declines, extinctions, and biotic homogenizations). In this context, reconciling human activities with a sustainable biodiversity turns out as a main issue. To respond to this objective, the development of bio-economic analysis appears as an interesting perspective for public policies facing biodiversity. However the agri-environmental policies have not yet been able to provide a relevant management of biodiversity. Based on a bio-economic process, this PhD intends to contribute to the debate on public policies facing the challenge of a sustainable management of agriculture and biodiversity. The systemic models developed in this work combine both ecologic and economic dynamics through land-use variables at the small agricultural area scale across the whole France. In our case, biodiversity is perceived as a community of 34 common birds, avoiding an emblematic species-based approach. Calibration of the models is based on agri-economic and ecological time series from 2001 to 2009. Different scenarios are generated up to 2050 and their bio-economic performances are compared through a set of indicators, avoiding the problem of biodiversity monetization. A focus on the choice of these indicators has been driven to characterize correctly the status of communities. In particular, different aspects of the sustainability are explored by combining cost-effectiveness and co-viability approaches. This study shows that it is possible to improve simultaneously ecological and economic performances in comparison to the current trends. In the one hand, economic incentives at the macro-economic scale guide directly the farmers’ choices towards more biodiversity-friendly activities. In the other hand, diversification mechanisms, in response to economic risk, have also a positive influence on the bio-economic performances. However, it appears difficult to maximize simultaneously economic and ecological objectives. The PhD explores several options to overcome this bio-economic trade-off. In particular, an analysis based on public costs suggests that the integration of ecological objectives in the public policies generates a double dividend. Finally, in an uncertain context, the approach of co-viability allows us to identify scenarios leading to a multi-functional agriculture that remains fair through generations. Extending these bio-economic approaches towards the concept of ecosystemic services should bring further insight into the design of public policies achieving a sustainable biodiversity
d'Isep, Clarissa Ferreira Macedo. "L' eau juridiquement durable." Limoges, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006LIMO0519.
Water is an element multiple functions, different manifestations and plural titles which, added up to its current state of penury, make it a scare resource, soon lacking economic value. The eminence of hydro-conflicts, due to the hydric penury, has caused the uprising of the universal right to water, which has echoed into the juridical nature of common patrimony of Mankind, reflecting its unitary character estified in the hydrologic cycle. This patrimonialization of water declared by the Law has revealed the embryonic manifestation of the juridical-economic value of water. Hydric pollution leads to the application of the pollutant-payer, a negative manifestation of the economic value of water, which has in the user-payer principle and in the principle of sustainable developement, determined its management in a sustainable, balanced, participative and integrated form. To make it possible it is necessary to have premises, values and instruments. The economic value is a fundament of the water policies – both in France and in Brazil, being instrumented into the charge for water taxes. The hydro-juridical-economic relation of this charge is provided by juridical peculiarities which must be better put into effect by means of the Law. The application of charges requires the observation of the fundamental right to water and of the principles of the management of water in the price formation, which must be done faithfully. The economic methodology is put into the service of this formation which lends some of its instruments, in the aim of accomplishing the price composition, through the ethical and solidary cooperation of its users and the application of the principle of subsidiarity which has an important subject in the local community and the Judiciary Power to fiscalize and punish its disobedience, thus assuring the legality of the juridical application of the water charge taxes
Lejoux, Patricia. "Localisation des consommateurs et organisation spatiale de l'économie : une mesure de la consommation touristique nette générée par les flux touristiques dans les régions françaises." Paris 12, 2006. https://athena.u-pec.fr/primo-explore/search?query=any,exact,990002533750204611&vid=upec.
In a context where the majority of researches consider that spatial organization of the economy is determined by the location of producers, firms, and that is translated by an increasing concentration of production and consumption in metropolitan areas, the objective of this thesis aims at verifying the hypothesis according to which the temporary changes of location made by consumers during their tourism mobilities, by the displacements of consumption they generate between spaces could costitute also a determiner of spatial organization of the economy. Two research axis were developed : a geography of tourist flows was established at first to estimate the importance of tourist frequenting in french regions, then a measure of the displacements of consumption was realized by the notion of "net tourist consumption" taking into account consumptions made by tourists inside regions and consumptions made outside by the inhabitants of the regions. The results show that temporary changes of location made by consumers during their tourist mobilities lead to a transfer of wealth from metropolitan areas to non metropolitan areas and that spaces little favoured from dynamics of production are more favoured from dynamics of consumption, netherless some spaces do not benefit fromthis advantages
Ngo, Anh-Thu. "Environmentally responsible consumption of ethanol blended gasoline : behavioural determinants, economic decisions and politics of intervention." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27158/27158.pdf.
Harribey, Jean-Marie. "Développement soutenable et réduction du temps de travail : analyse critique appliquée au cas de la France." Paris 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA010042.
At the end of the 20 th century, economic development encounters ecological and social limits. In a first part we present the elements of methodological criticism that are needed to understand the development crisis. We focus the analysis of technique, economic rationality and value with a view to examining social relations. In a second part we show that the problems of sustainability are placed in an alternative. On the one hand, the approach of environmental economy consists in internalizing the negative externalities : it leads to constantly extend the field of trade activities. On the other hand, sustainability is characterized by the insertion of economy in the biosphere with the prospect of the reproduction of living beings and systems. We propose a typology of the approaches of sustainable development focusing on the notions of value, and we show that the ambiguity of the concept of sustainable development lies in the fact that it considers economic growth as a universal and permanent condition necessary to the improvement of welfare. In a third part, we try to link a qualitative sustainable development with productivity gains to be used to reduce working time and to give each one a job. Such a strategy is based on three principles : responsibility, solidarity and saving. We develop a model for the reduction of inequalities so as to derive the means to fund job creation necessary to cut down unemployment in france
Levarlet, François. "Les modèles éco-énergétiques à l'interface économie-environnement." Paris 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA010060.
Our thesis deals with ecological-economic modeling. It develops a typology in this field of research and suggets two classes of environmental-economic interface : "weak interface" and "strong interface". With this categories we are able to analyse two kinds of eco-energetic models : ecco model and odum's models. Our work takes specially care with odum's approach. We build an account model for the french case and insert our work in sustainable development field
Spach, Miléna. "Une analyse économique des déterminants de la consommation de drogues à l'adolescence." Thesis, Paris 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA010023/document.
This thesis starts with the recognition that, in order to curb drugs use (alcohol, tobacco, cannabis), it is necessary to precisely analyze the determinants of entry into these consumptions, especially during adolescence. The tools provided by the economic analysis allow us to shed new light on these determinants. After presenting an overview of public policies fighting against tobacco and alcohol in France, we articulate our thinking around four main themes. First, we analyze the monetary resources available to the adolescents, and we show that the amount and the origin (pocket money, illegal activity, etc.) of these resources are key determinants of adolescent drugs use. Second, we examine the issue of complementarity and substitution between tobacco and alcohol use. We highlight that a taxation policy on spirits helps reduce both the use of spirits and tobacco for European adolescents, but the results are heterogeneous according to the group of European countries considered. Third, we examine the influence of peer group structure on adolescent's consumption of drugs. We emphasize that adolescent's drugs use positively depends on the number of peers perceived as drug users, and negatively on the size of the peer group, the desire to acquire a higher social status or good relationship with peers. Fourth, we provide a theoretical analysis highlighting that traditional policies based on costs' increase (taxation, consumption restrictions, etc.) face decreasing returns. As a result, considering the benefits of drug use (via pleasure) offers new avenues for reflection for public policies
Fortin, Marie-José. "Paysage industriel, lieu de médiation sociale et enjeu de développement durable et de justice environnementale : les cas des complexes d'Alcan (Alma, Québec) et de Péchiney (Dunkerque, France)." Thèse, Paris 1, 2005. http://constellation.uqac.ca/535/1/24605668.pdf.
Sokhna, Ndeye Penda. "Impacts économiques de l'immigration en France : finances publiques et consommation." Thesis, Paris 10, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA100161/document.
The issue of immigration, in host economies, is today at the center of political, economic and social concerns. Immigration is perceived as a problem rather than an opportunity for host countries in general and France in particular. The results of the Transatlantic Trends survey between 2008 and 2013 show that in France, public opinion on immigration has deteriorated significantly. Do you perceive immigration as a problem rather than an opportunity? 50% of French respondents answered yes in 2013. This percentage was only 39% in 2008. At the same time, demographic projections show a population ageing and immigration could be a solution to this problem. The thesis aims to analyze, in this context of population ageing, the economic effects of immigration by focusing on its impact on public finances and consumption in France. It contributes to the literature on costs and benefits of immigration in the host countries. It helps to shed light on the economic consequences of a political decision on immigration, by testing the effects of changes in migration policies on public finances or the effects of rising income on the consumption of native and immigrant households in France. The thesis focuses on two main parts: the first focuses on the fiscal impact of immigration, with a first chapter on accounting evaluation and a second chapter on dynamic evaluation using a general equilibrium model. The second part of the thesis focuses on the consumption of immigrants in France. Again, there are two chapters: the first measures the contribution of immigrants to final demand and the second analyzes the consumption behavior of native and immigrant households in France
Amorsi, Natacha. "La gestion durable de l'eau : l'apport de la Matrice de le Délibération à l'évaluation économique. Etude de cas: la nappe des calcaires de Champigny." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013VERS044S.
The characterisation of water is strongly related to the functions and services delivered by the water. Nevertheless, a consensual approach relies on the fact that “the water is not a private good as the others”. Therefore the analysis of the natural capital ‘water’ challenges the standard economic approaches. The market mechanisms are not efficient for goods that are non exclusive and non rival. Environmental governance issues are characterised by uncertainty and complexity often embedded in incomplete information. In the context of the sustainable development which supports to reconcile the economic, social and environmental dimensions, one major challenge is the public participation in the water policy. Non expert knowledge should enhance scientific knowledge for two main reasons: in order to complete the information as well as to raise the social acceptability of water management measures. Our research explored how deliberative approach organised with virtual tools support the economic evaluation for water sustainable management. We showed multi-criteria analysis is complementary to cost benefit and cost effective analysis, highlighting their capacities to mobilise and structure different kind of knowledge. The first version of the Deliberation Matrix has been developed for our case study: Champigny aquifer. The concept is embedded in a multi-criteria and multi-actors analysis structured with governance issues and potential futures of the aquifer. The transposition of the concept to the deliberation tool Champigny DST answers some of the Science Society Interface challenges
Boubaker, Wided. "Eco-innovation, Performance environnementale et impact économique sur les entreprises : étude de cas des groupes Papetiers présents en France." Thesis, Nice, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015NICE0048/document.
This thesis seeks to demonstrate that improved Environmental Performance (EP), through the implementation of eco-innovative initiatives , positively influences Financial Performance ( FP) of a company. As basic hypothesis, we chose that of Porter ( 1991), which emphasizes the benefits of implementing environmental strategies respecting the principle of sustainable development. This hypothesis is totally opposed to the neoclassical vision that considers the costs of environmental protection as additional and excessive costs that may hamper the company's economic development. To validate our research hypothesis , we chose to test econometrically , through the method of linear regression, the relationship between EP and FP choosing as EP indicators, environmental investments and expenses (IE), the percentage of certified fiber (CF) and the "Sustainable Value"Environment indexes, relative to each of the environmental resources. These indexes are calculated using the approach "Sustainable Value" destined to evaluate the corporate sustainability and who represents an application of reasoning of classical financial analysis to environmental resources. We chose to conduct this study in a static and dynamic perspectives in order to assess the effects of EP on FP in a short and a medium term, through the evaluation of both the current effect and the one and two years delayed effect of the EP in FP. The results thus released from the econometric study provided a validation of our main research hypothesis , stating that a good EP influence positively the FP and the profitability of the Company.We note that the environmental initiatives are profitable since the first year of their implementation, except that the intensity of this profit varies according to the nature of Eco-innovation (Eco-innovation product, Eco-innovation process) and according to the characteristics of each company
Vaucelle, Sandrine. "La gestion de l'eau facturée à Bordeaux et en Gironde : production, consommation et épuration d'un bien disputé." Bordeaux 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2005BOR30073.
The public service of invoiced water (drinkable water supply and purification) meets the demand of the consumers who want to be able to get high quality water continuously and profusely. A technical system was gradually organised in Bordeaux from the second half of the 19th century. First a water supply network was built. Later the town had to install a draining system and then a purification system for the urban effluents that kept increasing as new European sanitary conditions were voted. Invoiced water is now nearly exclusively managed by the state organisation for water supply. A lot of contracts are signed between la Lyonnaise des Eaux and towns or public companies common to several towns (EPCI). La Lyonnaise des Eaux has been established in the suburbs of Bordeaux since 1906. A hundred years later, as the leading operator in the area (département), the firm sells water to a million people in the Gironde (three inhabitants out of four, a town out of two). However this public- private partnership lead to a few excessive situations. From 1990 consumers as well as the 'Chambre Régionale des Comptes' started taking issue over the soaring prices and urged public authorities to have a better control over their proxies and to renegotiate some signed contracts. There is also an environmental issue concerning ground waters that are too much used and are likely to be 'salinized'. That's why a joint management , gathering all the users of this resource, is being organised in Bordeaux according to a development and management plan (SAGE), imposing limits to public supply
Marochini, Eric. "Les remembrements en Moselle entre économie, environnement et société : essai de géographie rurale et appliquée." Metz, 1999. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/1999/Marochini.Eric.LMZ9913_1.pdf.
This research about rural geography is devoted to the regrouping of lands, which is today the center of multiple varied issues. It is no longer used as a mere tool of revision and reorganization of agricultural plots of land. Its developing purpose and conservation desire as well as the preservation or improvement of rural societies coherence have led to a change of aims as regards the regrouping of lands, without changing its major function of rationalization of parcels. These methods are now resolutely turned towards the ambition of sustainable agriculture. The author deals here with the numerous questions linked to those new expectations analysing is his research the geographical area of the departement of Moselle. There, the landscapes are characterized by openfields whose divisions varies strongly with geo-historical and geo-agronomical specificities in the areas studied. Besides, for o couple of years, the Conseil Général of Moselle has put a lot into a qualitative approach throughan adequate property development. It is therefore an original field of experiment. The extrem variety and complexed entanglement of the possible consequences of a regrouping have led the author to deal with the experiment on fifteen towns regrouped between 1986-1996, along a cross-disciplinary theme, before suggesting sollutions, orientations so as to make aims, the procedure and the decision-making instruments evolve qualitatively
Boubaker, Wided. "Eco-innovation, Performance environnementale et impact économique sur les entreprises : étude de cas des groupes Papetiers présents en France." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Nice, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015NICE0048.
This thesis seeks to demonstrate that improved Environmental Performance (EP), through the implementation of eco-innovative initiatives , positively influences Financial Performance ( FP) of a company. As basic hypothesis, we chose that of Porter ( 1991), which emphasizes the benefits of implementing environmental strategies respecting the principle of sustainable development. This hypothesis is totally opposed to the neoclassical vision that considers the costs of environmental protection as additional and excessive costs that may hamper the company's economic development. To validate our research hypothesis , we chose to test econometrically , through the method of linear regression, the relationship between EP and FP choosing as EP indicators, environmental investments and expenses (IE), the percentage of certified fiber (CF) and the "Sustainable Value"Environment indexes, relative to each of the environmental resources. These indexes are calculated using the approach "Sustainable Value" destined to evaluate the corporate sustainability and who represents an application of reasoning of classical financial analysis to environmental resources. We chose to conduct this study in a static and dynamic perspectives in order to assess the effects of EP on FP in a short and a medium term, through the evaluation of both the current effect and the one and two years delayed effect of the EP in FP. The results thus released from the econometric study provided a validation of our main research hypothesis , stating that a good EP influence positively the FP and the profitability of the Company.We note that the environmental initiatives are profitable since the first year of their implementation, except that the intensity of this profit varies according to the nature of Eco-innovation (Eco-innovation product, Eco-innovation process) and according to the characteristics of each company
Roy, Nicolas. "Patrimoine, développement durable et le problème du climax anthropique des marais de la baie du Mont-Saint-Michel (France)." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/68412.
Since 1979 the bay of Mont-Saint-Michel in France has been listed by UNESCO as a world heritage site for its cultural and natural elements. This “nature-culture” duality is easily observed at the site as well as in the thousands of images representing the Mont-Saint-Michel (MSM). On one side there is the mount, a granitic rock surrounded by water at high tide and surmounted by an abbey. On the other, there are vast expanses of tidal marshes and flats. The beauty of this landscape has made it a world-renowned touristic destination, endowing it with an important role in the regional economy with an estimated three million annual visitors. However, this popular landscape is in danger of transformation as a result of the progressive encroachment of the salt marshes separating MSM from the continent. The insularity of MSM is thus under threat of disappearing in the next forty years without human intervention. Because such a loss of insularity would be catastrophic for the tourist economy of the region, French authorities launched the project Restore the Maritime Character of Mont-Saint-Michel (Rétablissement du Caractère Maritime du Mont-Saint-Michel, or RCM) to “restore the natural ecosystem” of the bay by limiting siltation around MSM. In an attempt to better understand the ecological repercussions of the RCM project, this study relies on social and natural science methods. Using archaeological and historical information, as well as data gleaned from sedimentological studies, aerial photographs, LiDAR and tide gauges, it is possible to present an integrated vision, both natural and cultural, of the evolution of this heritage bay. The results suggest that the work carried out within the framework of the RCM project have drastically altered the ecological trajectory of the southern half of the bay, creating a suspended state of natural development that this study interprets as an anthropogenic climax.
Serval, Sarah. "Les managers territoriaux face à l'attractivité durable de leur territoire : comment favoriser l'ancrage territorial des filiales étrangères ? : une perspective ago-antagoniste." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM1096.
The question of attractiveness of subnational territories is particularly raised due to the fact that some French territories are facing the phenomenon of deindustrialization accompanied with movements of relocation in a context of worldwide competition. This thesis will focus on the territorial attractiveness intended as the capacity to retain foreign economic activities so that favoring local development. Thus, the research works raise the question of the theoretical and empirical link between local public action and the territorial anchoring of foreign subsidiaries. The idea is to understand what this anchoring consists of in terms of local public action, and the way it affects it
Sciaccitano, Marie. "Élasticités Environnementales d'Engel : Mesures, Estimations et Déterminants." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Côte d'Azur, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023COAZ0030.
In the context of climate change, ecological transition relies in part on the adoption of sustainable consumption, in line with the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals (2015). The diversity of definitions associated with sustainable consumption leads to a lack of consensus related to the classifications and scope of sustainable consumption. Consequently, data and measures related to sustainable consumption are limited, thereby restricting empirical studies on this subject. The thesis addresses these constraints through three chapters, offering the original methodology and results.Chapter 1 presents a methodology for measuring household sustainable consumption in 150 countries over the period 1995-2015. This measure is constructed using environmental goods and services, classified as CLEG and APEC, identified in the final demand of households from the Input-Output Tables Exiobase3rx.Chapter 2 explores the relationship between disposable income and sustainable consumption at the macroeconomic level, referring to the Environmental Engel Curve framework. The empirical analysis estimates the effect of disposable income on household sustainable consumption and determines Engelian elasticities which, depending on their values, categorize this consumption as either a luxury or a necessity consumption. Furthermore, our econometric estimation introduces a Bartik instrument, suggesting a significant impact of green fiscal policies on household sustainable consumption. Performing a simulation exercise, we emphasize the importance of considering the «true value» of Engelian elasticities in the context of global redistribution policies, such as the Climate Fund.Chapter 3 evaluates the effect of income inequality on this type of consumption, thereby contributing to the debate on the trade-off between environmental quality and inequalities. Using three inequality indicators, our results suggest that the impacts of inequalities on sustainable consumption depend on the income level and the measure of inequalities considered. By introducing a higher-order polynomial, we analyse the sensitivity of this consumption to changes in the level of inequalities and determine an optimal level of inequalities that maximizes household sustainable consumption.Overall, this thesis contributes to the measurement of household sustainable consumption by country and explores its determinants, while also providing insights for environmental and redistributive policies
Serval, Sarah. "Les managers territoriaux face à l'attractivité durable de leur territoire : comment favoriser l'ancrage territorial des filiales étrangères ? : une perspective ago-antagoniste." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM1096/document.
The question of attractiveness of subnational territories is particularly raised due to the fact that some French territories are facing the phenomenon of deindustrialization accompanied with movements of relocation in a context of worldwide competition. This thesis will focus on the territorial attractiveness intended as the capacity to retain foreign economic activities so that favoring local development. Thus, the research works raise the question of the theoretical and empirical link between local public action and the territorial anchoring of foreign subsidiaries. The idea is to understand what this anchoring consists of in terms of local public action, and the way it affects it
Bocarejo, Juan Pablo. "Évaluation économique de l'impact des politiques publiques liées à la mobilité : les cas de Paris, Londres, Bogotá et Santiago." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00937668.
Voyé, Pierre. "Valeur verte et approches spatialisées de la maîtrise de la demande d’énergie." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019UBFCG007.
The current environmental and economic context implies a need to manage energy demand. In order to do this, understanding completely the determinants of energy demand is first required. Also, there is a need to find tools to reduce energy consumption. In this thesis, we are interested in the consequences of a household’s choice of location on energy consumption and on the role of the green value to promote the adoption of energy-efficient buildings by households. The first chapter analyzes an urban microeconomic model of residential choice of location and energy consumption. In order to complete this theoretical analysis, we estimate the energy demand of the residential sector. The second and third chapters study the green value and its role in the promotion of green buildings. In chapter 2, we present a meta-analysis of the literature estimating the green value. In chapter 3, we use a spatial hedonic model to estimate the residential green value for the urban area of Dijon. Finally, in the last chapter, we study the residential choice of households concerning the energy performance of their dwelling. To do so, we estimate the probability of households to live in an energy-efficient building or not. The results of these estimates and the results of the previous chapters are then mobilized to discuss the efficiency of the public policy used for managing energy demand
Holstein, Philippe. "La soutenabilité des économies insulaires coloniales et postcoloniales : le cas de l’île de La Réunion." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014IEPP0021.
Small, isolated and vulnerable, islands have become symbols in current debates on the sustainability of economic systems. This is no coincidence. For colonial and insular experiences have played a key role in the emergence of political economy, which, initially focused on the creation of wealth as much as on its durability. Conversely, political economy nurtured the development of a new “art of government” which has deeply influenced islands trajectories and engendered new relations of power that persist today. In particular through the concept of (sustainable) development that naturalizes a contingent, utilitarian, view of sustainability. By bringing together the paradigm of complexity, ecological economics and poststructuralist works, this thesis aims to deconstruct this concept and reframe it through an institutionalist and interdisciplinary approach that fully integrates ecological, symbolic and social factors as well as the multiplicity of economies. It then studies the formation and evolution of plantation economies, both in Reunion Island and the Caribbean, to question the paradox of “durable unsustainability”: why and how can an economy grounded on destruction and unable to satisfy the ends it was designed for, maintain itself on the long term? A third part queries the sustainability of the “departementalisation” project, i.e. decreeing development: turning a ruined colony in a modern economy, able to reach European standards through self-sustained growth. It thus emphasizes the retroactions that wiped this utopia out to give birth to an original, yet fragile, model of resilient dependence
Mangold, Marie. "Pour une sociologie de la "maison durable" : entre production d'une offre techno-centrée et vécu des habitants : projets et acteurs dans les espaces périurbains en Alsace." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018STRAG051.
In the early twenty-first century, “sustainable housing” has become a popular catchword, and its goals are increasingly being embraced in the housing sector. This new context calls for analysing the interactions between housing and environment, especially insofar as they relate to the urban phenomenon and its evolutions. This PhD in sociology adopts an interdisciplinary social science perspective (branching out into urbanism, planning and ethnology) in its empirical examination of the construction of individual houses in the Alsace region of France, that take into consideration energy performance and the use so-called “ecological” materials, especially in peri-urban areas.The PhD pursued two main goals. First, based on a study of regional architects and builders, and in light of the evolution of legal frameworks and national real estate markets, it analyses the modalities of production of techno-centric “sustainable houses” that reflect the demands of environmental policies in terms of energy efficiency. Second, based on ethnographical approach and on the characterization of the trajectories of households, it looks into the experiences of residents, their appropriation of the “sustainable houses” and lifestyles. The PhD ultimately offers crosscutting insights into the impact of calls for energy sobriety and individual responsibility by reconsidering the “sustainable house” model and its effects on social and spatial inequalities
Harbreteau, Manuel. "Le tourisme et les loisirs dans l'aire eurorégionale transmanche : vers la constitution d'un territoire touristique ?" Lille 1, 2003. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2003/50377-2003-23.pdf.
Holstein, Philippe. "La soutenabilité des économies insulaires coloniales et postcoloniales : le cas de l’île de La Réunion." Thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014IEPP0021/document.
Small, isolated and vulnerable, islands have become symbols in current debates on the sustainability of economic systems. This is no coincidence. For colonial and insular experiences have played a key role in the emergence of political economy, which, initially focused on the creation of wealth as much as on its durability. Conversely, political economy nurtured the development of a new “art of government” which has deeply influenced islands trajectories and engendered new relations of power that persist today. In particular through the concept of (sustainable) development that naturalizes a contingent, utilitarian, view of sustainability. By bringing together the paradigm of complexity, ecological economics and poststructuralist works, this thesis aims to deconstruct this concept and reframe it through an institutionalist and interdisciplinary approach that fully integrates ecological, symbolic and social factors as well as the multiplicity of economies. It then studies the formation and evolution of plantation economies, both in Reunion Island and the Caribbean, to question the paradox of “durable unsustainability”: why and how can an economy grounded on destruction and unable to satisfy the ends it was designed for, maintain itself on the long term? A third part queries the sustainability of the “departementalisation” project, i.e. decreeing development: turning a ruined colony in a modern economy, able to reach European standards through self-sustained growth. It thus emphasizes the retroactions that wiped this utopia out to give birth to an original, yet fragile, model of resilient dependence
Ciambrone, Alessandro. "Patrimoine mondial et développement local : étude comparative de systèmes touristiques locaux en Italie et en France." Thesis, Paris 10, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA100005/document.
The main objective of this study is to demonstrate, in times of global economic crisis, how it is possible to combine economic growth needs and strategies for the protection and enhancement of the heritage in a sustainable way, starting from the assumption that tourism is one of possible areas for regional development, social integration and improvement of living conditions of local communities. The Campania Region and the Province of Caserta – territories object of study in Italy - have a unique cultural, landscape and intangible heritage but is not sufficiently protected and enhanced. To this end, the research analyzes and proposes policies for managing assets through the study of international "best practices", in particular in France, in the field of cultural tourism, seen as an engine for sustainable development of local communities. France, the first country in the world for number of international visitors, according to updated data, provided by the World Tourism Organizations, has developed a long-term government policy aimed at the protection and enhancement of heritage, through actions on assets, on the organizational structure of the institution in charge, and targeted promotion of all art forms of intellectual production. In Italy, however, the management strategy has often shown inadequate compared to the international prestige of the country for its cultural, landscape, food, wine and intangible heritage, with a limited growth of economy if compared with this heritage’s potential with the consequent negative effect on heritage
Pagni, Olivier. "Economie du développement durable et politiques publiques d’énergies en Europe : de l’étude des paradigmes à une évaluation multicritère appliquée aux scénarios d’avenirs énergétiques en Corse." Thesis, Corte, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014CORT0002/document.
The study reveals a multidisciplinary character concerning, in the first time, the economy of the sustainable development, economy of the environment and ecological economy.In the second time, we will study precisely, the way public policies on energy are carried out and regarded at, on a continental, national and territorial ladder, by leaning on the political data of the macroeconomics of energy politics for Europe, France and finally the Corsican region. The frame of the analysis was delimited by an applied formal perimeter, and inscribes itself in a continuum of integration of sustainable development as an aim. All the aspects of the particular situation of Corsica due to its insularity will be approached and studiedA multicriteria simulation and evaluation of different energy scenarios which will conclude our work. The objective here is to determine the best possible ways for Corsica to source its energy in the future.This includes the construction of scenarios, a presentation of the research typology of a multicriteria evaluation, including a summary of the scientific literature applied to energy scenarios as part of the multicriteria evaluation, and a synthesis of multicriteria problematic, as well as a development concerning the choice of the applied method.The results of our study point out a strong preference for the scenario of sustainable development. They determine the best possible compromise between the different hypothetical scenarios according to our chosen criteria. Our obtained result points out that sustainable development offers the best solutions to local given problems
Laurent, Anne. "La gestion en bien commun des eaux souterraines : La nappe des sables astiens de Valras-Agde (Hérault), une opération pilote en Languedoc-Roussillon." Montpellier 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993MON20256.
Toupet, Joy. "Les traducteurs du changement : de l’intégration des jeunes ruraux à la gestion de la nature : les formes de l’Education à l’Environnement au sein de l’ULAMIR-CPIE du Pays de Morlaix (1974 – 2017)." Thesis, Rennes 2, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018REN20003/document.
This thesis aims, from a social and historical perspective, at analyzing a coordination of stakeholders dedicated to environmental education, to the local implementation of ecological-oriented public measures. This coordination of stakeholders is studied as a network from which awareness actions are carried out, in order to make the social mobilisation around these measures more efficient. The reflection is based on a field survey conducted in Finistère (France) around, in particular, the action of the Permanent Center for Environmental Initiatives (CPIE) of Morlaix. The hypothesis of this work is based on the existence of a link between the professional legacy of this network and its current practices. The first level of analysis explores the process through which this network, grounded in sociocultural awakening of rural youth, transforms itself to the point of developing environmental management actions. The second level of analysis concerns the translation, in the local area, of a public device for managing biodiversity, named “Trame Verte et Bleue”. The study of this translation highlights that it is not so much the ecological dimensions contained in the device that dialogue and social link that are pursued in redefining environmental patterns of local planning. The thesis shows that if, throughout more than forty years of existence, the CPIE changes significantly around the subject of its action, its practices of mediation continue to include the local territory and its inhabitants in broader socio-political configurations, as was formerly the case. More generally, this research contributes to better understand, at the same time, the way of a network stakeholders continuously reconfigures itself from a succession of contexts and the role it plays in the territorialisation of environmental public action
Fontaine, Tiphanie. "Le marché de capacité français : la place des énergies renouvelables en présence d'incertitude." Thesis, Paris 10, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA100056/document.
The problematic of this thesis focuses on the impacts of the French capacity marketon the deployment of renewable energies in the presence of uncertainty. This marketis set up in France in order to cover high peaks in electricity consumption. It asks suppliers to ensure the consumption of their customers at these peaks by buying guarantees from electricity producers. This mechanism compensates for theavailable capacity during periods of tension between supply and demand, and itsvaluation depends on its contribution to security of supply. Due to their intermittent nature, the remuneration of renewable energies is more uncertain than for other means of electricity production. This thesis studies the adequacy between a goal of security of supply and a goal of deployment of renewable energies, two aims of the French government
Billion, Camille. "Rôle des acteurs du commerce et de la distribution dans les processus de gouvernance alimentaire territoriale." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018CLFAL017/document.
Food became a subject of major interest since the 2000’s, for consumers as well as for public actors, who gradually address food issues. This phenomenon is mainly related to the recognition of dysfunctions and crisis prevailing in the agro-industrial and dominant food system. Consequently, food production and distribution re-localization initiatives multiplied, aiming at developing “Alternative Food Networks” (AFNs). However, the recent focus on these networks, frequently based on short food supply chains, has led to leave aside some intermediary actors in the food systems, such as food distributors. Food distributors include independent retailers (butchers, grocers, etc.), supermarket chains, wholesalers and new emerging forms of retailing. Distributors are central to the food systems and perform specific functions, allowing them to play a special role in food system re-localization.The recent dynamics in the food sector has brought new interactions within the food system, bringing out issues of change in food governance mechanisms. Thus, this thesis studies the emergence of a food governance at a territorial level. We particularly examine the integrative nature of territorial food governance processes, studying one specific actor: food distributors.First, we analyzed three French case studies in Nantes, Lyon and Figeac, describing the ongoing governance processes, but also some of the difficulties related to addressing food issues by public actors. The integrative nature of food governance processes seems limited, regarding the absence of food distributors and retailers in these processes. Then, we conducted a “territorial” work by studying a territory, the “Grand Clermont” in Auvergne, to analyze food distributors’ practices regarding local foods. This approach highlights the types of interactions established between food distributors and public actors, but also the issues at the heart of these interactions. More generally, we describe the difficult identification of food distributors by public actors, mostly due to a lack of knowledge – and sometimes to mistrust – towards these actors. However, food distributor’s intervention in some food sectors (i. e. local economy, nutrition, etc.) can help thinking their potential integration to territorial food governance processes. Finally, this thesis outlines the main obstacles and constraints to the implementation of territorial food governance processes, from a distributor’s perspective. In particular, it highlights the specific role territorial public actors play in these mechanisms, initiating public food programs and federating stakeholders around food issues. Moreover, food distributor’s intervention in various food sectors can be seen as a potential way to build a territorial food governance
Badji, Ikpidi. "Est-ce que le vieillissement peut être une opportunité pour l’économie française ?" Thesis, Paris 10, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA100173.
The ageing population in France is a subject of major concern and has been the subject of several studies from the economical perspectives. Most of studies highlight the negative effects of aging on the French economy, particularly on social protection accounts, the labor market. Recently a new literature on ageing emerges. It seeks to know and show how ageing can be an opportunity for the economy. This thesis is part of this literature. It seeks to answer the following question: Is Ageing can be an opportunity for the French economy? To answer to this question, the thesis explores the tracks of savings and consumption insisting on the consumption. The thesis is organized in five chapters. Chapter 1 describes the causes of ageing in France and provides an overview of studies covers the effect of this phenomenon on the French economy. Chapter 2 analyzes the evolution of income, consumption levels, and savings rates over the life cycle and according to the generations, to understand the evolution of aggregate consumption and aggregate savings rate in a society that's facing ageing and the renewal generations. These results also allow us to compare standards of living of age groups and different generations. Chapter 3 focuses on the evolution of consumption structure by age, generations. It provides also information about evolution of consumption structure when the household income changes. Chapter 4 began from the observation of the change in structure consumption over time, the difference in consumption structure between working-age households and seniors to estimate equivalence scales from 1979 to 2010, seniors and working-age households. These scales are used to compare the standards of living of seniors and working-age households, taking into account economies of scale achieved within different households. Finally Chapter 5 uses a general equilibrium model to quantify the effect of aging on the structure of consumption, productive and employment
Park, Jiyeon. "Aménagement du territoire, levier de développement durable : étude comparée des systèmes d'innovation français et sud-coréens dans le processus de métropolisation." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAG036.
The development of a Metropolis is very often associated with the construction of a vast territory, which limits it to the simple search for a pertinent perimeter or level. It implies, however, much more. The French intercommunality, that opens up to various forms of cooperation between different territorial entities, is an interesting approach in this respect. France is, indeed, often presented aborad as an example of cooperation and of decentralization, especially in countries with a strong centralizing tradition, such as South Korea. In this perspective, we will carry out comparative case studies mirroring the process of metropolisation in France and in South Korea. Our study seeks to illustrate how to structure the innovation system (IS) according to the co-construction scheme PAS, making it possible, among otherthings, to co-create an ecosystem of exchange, sharing and arbitration -and thus serving as a driving force and optimizing force in an urban system of specialization. Finally, our study aims at orienting spatial planning towards the integrated approach of sustainable development
Trommenschlager, Marion. "Évolution du commerce et des formes urbaines à travers la transformation numérique." Thesis, Rennes 2, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019REN20008/document.
Due to the social acceleration of "late modernity", new political and economic issues are taking more space in territorial compositions. Confronting them with a strong recomposition of temporalities that affect the lived world. The digital transformation is not the cause but is part of this dynamic "ephemeral present"? And is likely to strengthen it in concrete terms at various levels of scale. The aim of this work is to understand is to understand how the relations between commercial forms and spatial forms are recomposed, redrawn by the numerical mutation. By studying, within the framework of a CIFRE, the respective evolutions of the shops and the territory of Rennes’s city center. The current research program will help you understad the link between city practices, commercial practices, places and spaces, but also temporalities.This research program takes part of the "Between Form and Standards" program of the PREFIcs team. It is based on an extended conception of the logics of information and communication which consider that information, to make sens, symbolically, must also be a process of formatting, considering the articulation of organizational forms. This research paper therefore questions the reconfiguration in space and time, those of public spheres and material assignments as a framework for commercial logics and consumption imaginaries
Dhenain, Sandrine. "Les territoires littoraux languedociens face aux changements globaux : trajectoires et politiques d'adaptation." Thesis, Paris, Institut agronomique, vétérinaire et forestier de France, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018IAVF0002/document.
Since the 2000s, adaptation to climate change has been a new consideration for local territories in France, but its implementation is complex. Adaptation is not only a new issue for public policies but also a concept tinted with a semantic blur. At the same time, it is presented as a very technical issue. It is often highlighted as a state to reach. Decision-makers can "operationalize" adaptation by simply applying a specific methodology. However, adaptation is not only a mechanism but it is also a process that implies economic, social and ecological trade-offs for socio-ecological systems. These political dimensions are often implicit. Our work focuses on adaptation process and public policies. We studied local public policies implemented and discussed for the coastlines on the eastern coastal area of Languedoc Roussillon in the south of France that is facing global changes. We combine vulnerability and resilience approaches with sociology/political science in order to investigate adaptation pathways and local public policies and instruments. We conducted an empirical analysis of local actions and strategic plans related to climate but also to urban planning, flooding and water management. In order to provide a vehicle to clarify this concept of adaptation and its political dimensions, we propose a typology of adaptation measures. We found four logics that associate different political instruments and reflect different degrees of transformation. Secondly, we show that the issue of adaptation is framed differently by the different stakeholders. We show the gap between the national frame of standards and multiple local frames. Those frames can limit the panel of solutions that are discussed locally and can allow for compromises. The different types of actions constitute the ‘repertoire’ of adaptation but its implementation is constrained by local configurations of actors, power relationships. Throughout our work, we have highlighted the political dimensions of adaptation actions, power relationships and governance issues. We shed a light on trade-offs inherent in adaptation choices
Royer, Danie. "Résistances sur le marché : discussion sur les enjeux économiques actuels à partir d'une étude sur les entrepreneurs de la consommation responsable au Québec." Mémoire, 2013. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/5788/1/M13121.pdf.
Jauzion, Catherine. "Entrepreneuriat et travail dans un commerce engagé : exploration du sens et panorama des pratiques des acteurs." Mémoire, 2008. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/1241/1/M10371.pdf.