Relevant bibliographies by topics / CONSOLIDATION BEHAVIOR

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'CONSOLIDATION BEHAVIOR'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 11 September 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "CONSOLIDATION BEHAVIOR"

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Pincus, HJ, A. Sridharan, K. Prakash, and SR Asha. "Consolidation Behavior of Soils." Geotechnical Testing Journal 18, no. 1 (1995): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/gtj10122j.

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Huang, Jieqing, Xinyu Xie, Jifa Zhang, Jinzhu Li, and Wenjun Wang. "Nonlinear Finite Strain Consolidation Analysis with Secondary Consolidation Behavior." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2014 (2014): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/979380.

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This paper aims to analyze nonlinear finite strain consolidation with secondary consolidation behavior. On the basis of some assumptions about the secondary consolidation behavior, the continuity equation of pore water in Gibson’s consolidation theory is modified. Taking the nonlinear compressibility and nonlinear permeability of soils into consideration, the governing equation for finite strain consolidation analysis is derived. Based on the experimental data of Hangzhou soft clay samples, the new governing equation is solved with the finite element method. Afterwards, the calculation results of this new method and other two methods are compared. It can be found that Gibson’s method may underestimate the excess pore water pressure during primary consolidation. The new method which takes the secondary consolidation behavior, the nonlinear compressibility, and nonlinear permeability of soils into consideration can precisely estimate the settlement rate and the final settlement of Hangzhou soft clay sample.
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ISOWAKI, Asuka, Makoto YAMAGUCHI, Shigeru TANAKA, and Nobuaki KAWAI. "Shock Consolidation Behavior of Concrete." Proceedings of the Materials and Mechanics Conference 2019 (2019): OS1515. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemm.2019.os1515.

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Ittershagen, T., and A. Kwade. "Measurement of Anisotropic Consolidation Behavior." Particulate Science and Technology 29, no. 1 (January 24, 2011): 79–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02726351.2010.510548.

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El-sakhawy, Nagwa Ragab, and Ahmed Abd El_Latief. "BEHAVIOR OF PILES DURING SOIL CONSOLIDATION." ERJ. Engineering Research Journal 33, no. 4 (October 1, 2010): 441–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/erjm.2010.67344.

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Kluge, Jonathan A., Nicholas C. Rosiello, Gary G. Leisk, David L. Kaplan, and A. Luis Dorfmann. "The consolidation behavior of silk hydrogels." Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials 3, no. 3 (April 2010): 278–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmbbm.2009.12.001.

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Bergstrom, Lennart, Christopher H. Schilling, and Ilhan A. Aksay. "Consolidation Behavior of Flocculated Alumina Suspensions." Journal of the American Ceramic Society 75, no. 12 (December 1992): 3305–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.1992.tb04426.x.

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Liu, Zhen, Wei Hu, Weihua Ming, Shenghua Xiong, Cuiying Zhou, and Lihai Zhang. "Modeling consolidation of soft clay by developing a fractional differential constitutive model in conjunction with an intelligent displacement inversion method." PLOS ONE 17, no. 9 (September 30, 2022): e0275034. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0275034.

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Studying the constitutive relation of soft clays is of critical importance for fundamentally understanding their complex consolidation behavior. This study proposes a fractional differential constitutive model in conjunction with an intelligent displacement inversion method based on the classic particle swarm optimization for modeling the deformation behavior of soft clay. The model considered the rheological properties of soft clay at different consolidation stages. In addition, statistical adaptive dynamic particle swarm optimization-least squares support vector machines were implemented to identify the model parameters efficiently. The accuracy and effectiveness of the model were validated using available experimental results. Finally, the application results showed that the proposed model could efficiently simulate coupling properties of soft clay’s primary and secondary consolidations.
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Abdulhadi, Naeem O., John T. Germaine, and Andrew J. Whittle. "Stress-dependent behavior of saturated clay." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 49, no. 8 (August 2012): 907–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t2012-057.

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A program of K0-consolidated undrained triaxial compression tests has been performed to investigate the effects of consolidation stress level on the compression and shear behavior of resedimented Boston blue clay (RBBC). Specimens were consolidated to maximum vertical effective stresses in the range 0.15–10 MPa and tested at three overconsolidation ratios (OCR): 1, 2, and 4. The results show that the virgin compression curves are essentially linear in e–log[Formula: see text] space over the consolidation stress range. However, the normally consolidated K0 stress ratio increases with the level of consolidation stress. The stress–strain–strength properties measured in undrained shear are significantly affected by the consolidation stress level at each OCR and show indications of non-normalizable behavior. At high pressures, the undrained shear stress–strain behavior becomes more ductile, requiring larger strains to mobilize peak resistance and exhibiting less post-peak strain-softening. The undrained strength ratio (su/[Formula: see text]) is not uniquely controlled by OCR as suggested by the SHANSEP equation, but consistently decreases with increasing consolidation effective stress. There is notable reduction in the stiffness ratio (Eu/[Formula: see text]) with stress level, and significant decrease in the large-strain friction angle.
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Ahmed, Mahmoud, Nicholas A. Beier, and Heather Kaminsky. "A Comprehensive Review of Large Strain Consolidation Testing for Application in Oil Sands Mine Tailings." Mining 3, no. 1 (March 3, 2023): 121–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mining3010008.

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Oil sand tailings are a mixture of sand, fines, water, and a residual amount of un-extracted bitumen in varying proportions. Tailings management is highly dependent on the consolidation behavior of the tailings. Although a great deal of work on this sector has been performed to study the consolidation behavior of oil sands tailings, it continues to play a critical role in quantifying the long-term geotechnical stability of tailings storage facilities. A review of large strain consolidation testing that exists, whether in the industry or in academia, has been compiled and presented in this manuscript to illustrate the advantages and drawbacks of measuring consolidation behavior of tailings using these tests. For oil sands mine tailings, it has been concluded that the conventional oedometer consolidation test can result in significant errors in quantifying the consolidation behavior. Conversely, testing procedures such as multi-step loading large strain consolidation tests, large slurry consolidometer tests, centrifuge testing, and seepage induced consolidation tests are widely employed to quantify the consolidation behavior of oil sands tailings.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "CONSOLIDATION BEHAVIOR"

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Bylander, Thomas C. "Consolidation : a method for reasoning about the behavior of devices /." The Ohio State University, 1986. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487266691095527.

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Casey, Brendan (Brendan Anthony). "The consolidation and strength behavior of mechanically compressed fine-grained sediments." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/90039.

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Thesis: Ph. D. in Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2014.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 251-259).
This thesis investigates the consolidation and shear strength behavior of saturated fine-grained sediments over the effective stress range of 0.1 to 100 MPa. The research makes use of samples which are resedimented in the laboratory from natural soils. In addition to practical benefits, resedimentation allows for isolation and quantification of individual factors influencing behavior such as composition, consolidation stress and overconsolidation ratio (OCR). Ko-consolidated triaxial compression tests were performed on eight resedimented soils at room temperature. The results demonstrate conclusively that the conventional assumption of these soils exhibiting constant normalized properties is not valid when behavior is evaluated over a significant stress range. The direction and rate at which a soil's strength properties vary depend on its composition, with high plasticity soils showing a much more rapid reduction in both normalized undrained strength and critical state friction angle with increasing stress compared to low plasticity soils. For all soils, increasing consolidation stress results in a more ductile stress-strain response during undrained shearing as strain to failure increases and the amount of post-peak strain softening reduces at each OCR. Variations in strength properties as a function of stress level and soil type are closely linked to Ko, with higher values of Ko associated with both lower friction angles and lower undrained strengths. During virgin compression, high plasticity soils display a rapid increase in Ko and values in excess of 0.80 have been measured at high stresses. The permeability behavior of a large number of resedimented soils has been investigated over a permeability range of 10-¹⁴ m² to 10-²⁰ m² and a porosity range of about 0.75 to 0.20. The permeability-porosity relationship for a soil can be correlated to its liquid limit, which provides a robust indicator of the combined effects of pore size distribution and clay minealogy on behavior. Virgin compression behavior is strongly influenced by composition at low stresses, although at high stresses all fine-grained soils display a similar compression behavior regardless of their composition. The conventional 'Terzaghi' definition of effective stress is shown to be applicable to fine-grained sediments at pore pressures up to at least 10 MPa.
by Brendan Casey.
Ph. D. in Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering
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Hansen, Steven Matthew. "Influence of Consolidation and Interweaving on Compression Behavior of IsoTruss™ Structures." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2004. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/15.

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Composite IsoTruss™ structures incorporate intersecting longitudinal and helical members. At the intersections, the fiber tows can be interwoven to achieve mechanical interlocking for increased joint integrity. Interlocking introduces gaps and curvilinear fiber paths similar to the crossovers in filament-wound structures, potentially facilitating local delamination within the members, thus reducing the strength and/or damage tolerance of the structure. Optimizing the interlocking pattern at the joints along with efficient consolidation minimizes these effects. Joint specimens were fabricated using a specially designed machine. Specific tow intersection patterns at the joint were: 1) Completely encapsulating the longitudinal member with the tows of the helical member; and 2) Interweaving the tows of the helical member with the tows of the longitudinal member. Consolidation was accomplished using: 1) a braided sleeve; 2) a coiled sleeve; 3) a sparse spiral Kevlar® wrap; 4) a polyester shrink tape sleeve; 5) twisting the entire bundle of longitudinal fiber tows; and 6) cinching the joints using aramid fiber. Ultimate compression strength and stiffness is directly related to the straightness of the tows in the longitudinal members at the intersections. An encapsulated joint reduces member strength by only 4.6%; whereas, an interwoven joint reduces member strength by 30.5%. The fiber paths of the longitudinal member in encapsulated joints are straighter than in interwoven joints, resulting in an average strength difference of 26.2%. Physical properties, strength, and stiffness show that consolidation quality directly affects performance. Consolidation using sleeves provides high quality consolidation, high strength, and high stiffness. Encapsulated joints consolidated using sleeves have an average ultimate strength and Young's modulus 34% and 21% higher, respectively, than encapsulated joints consolidated using other methods. Interwoven joints consolidated using sleeves have an average ultimate strength and Young's modulus 28% and 19% higher, respectively, than interwoven joints consolidated using other methods. Consolidating specimens using a braided sleeve yields the highest quality based on consistency, strength, and stiffness. Consolidating specimens by twisting the longitudinal member yields the lowest strength and stiffness. These conclusions will be applied to IsoTrussâ„¢ grid structure design and manufacturing technology.
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Nam, Sookie. "Settling and sedimentation behavior of fine-grained materials." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/42677.

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Channeling has already been an observed phenomenon that often occurs during settling and sedimentation processes of finer materials. However, it has been regarded as a minor factor affecting settling process, e.g. settling velocity or consolidation rate. In this study, settling behaviors of talcs, kaolins and attapulgite were reviewed by experiments with small and large settling columns with special focus on channel formation during sedimentation. The large settling column is equipped with twenty eight measuring points, which are connected to pressure transducers for measuring pore pressure changes during settling. Throughout the study, channel formation was observed and related to the experimental conditions affecting it. The excess pore pressure changes were measured during the large column tests. Channels occurred under flocculation in zone settling and also in consolidation zones; pressure drop was observed near channels in some cases. It was apparent that channels work as a facilitator to dissipate the excess pore water pressure. It is summarized that not only initial concentration but also the material properties, such as specific gravity and shape of particles, can affect the channel formation.
Master of Science
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Budnik, Aimee Helen. ""IDENTIFYING PREDICTORS FOR PRIMARY PREVENTION ACTIVITIES IN LOCAL HEALTH DEPARTMENTS: UNDERSTANDING THE ROLE OF CONSOLIDATION"." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1543629941331548.

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Xu, Dapeng. "Time effects on soil behavior : a particulate-scale study on the mechanisms of secondary consolidation and ageing /." View abstract or full-text, 2006. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?CIVL%202006%20XU.

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Karim, Md Rezaul. "Simulation of long-term consolidation behavior of soft sensitive clay using an elasto-viscoplastic constitutive model." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/136140.

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Lent, David D. "Learning and Memory and Supporting Neural Architecture in the Cockroach, Periplaneta americana." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/193804.

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The cockroach, with its large brain and physiological resilience, holds many advantages for the development of behavioral paradigms. The work presented here provides a foundation for, and describes the results of, the implementation of studies of neural correlates of learning and memory on restrained animals.Using the antennal projection response (APR) as an indicator of learning and retention, several learning paradigms have been developed. A visual-olfactory associative and a gustatory-olfactory aversive conditioning paradigm demonstrated a plastic behavior that could be driven in an intact and immobilized cockroach. Conditioning the APR to a visual cue paired with an olfactory cue characterized the role of unilateral and bilateral olfactory input in learning and memory. While unilateral olfactory input is sufficient to learn a visual-olfactory association, bilateral olfactory input is necessary for long-term retention of the association. This comparison identified a critical time period in which memory is consolidated. This time period was subsequently used to analyze gene expression during memory consolidation.The split-brain cockroach preparation was developed to investigate what parts of the brain are necessary and sufficient for learning and retention of a visual-olfactory association; this preparation was also used to examine learning-induced changes in test tissue versus control tissue provided by the same animal. Evidence suggests that half of a brain is sufficient for a visual-olfactory association to be established and sufficient for retention of that association between 12 and 24 hours. However, the entire brain is necessary for long-term memory to be established. Using the split-brain cockroach simultaneously as the control and the test subject, learning-induced alterations in the microglomerular synaptic complexes of the calyces were identified in the trained half, but not in the naïve half.Using the APR, spatial learning and memory was examined. Multiple representations of space were revealed in the brain of the cockroach. Cockroaches represent space in terms of an olfactory gradient map, as well as the visuospatial relationship between objects. When both representations of space can be utilized by the cockroach to localize a cue, the positional visual cue is the one that determines the behavioral response.
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Denham, Martha H. "The Use of Laboratory Testing to Understand the Behavior of Collapsible Soil Upon Wetting." PDXScholar, 1992. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4664.

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In developing a constitutive model that could predict the settlement due to the collapse, several goals needed to be met. These were to gain an understanding of the collapse phenomenon, knowing the soil properties at the natural water content and how they change after collapse, and develop and test the new model. It was felt that laboratory testing could be of use. The types of test conducted included use of the Oedometer, Pressuremeter, and Triaxial tests. The material that was used for the testing was a "generic" soil manufactured out of diatomite. In all of the tests the soil was tested dry and saturated in order to establish state limits of the soil. Next, the soil was loaded dry then inundated which initiated the collapse of the soil. The stress and strains were continually recorded. From the testing it was concluded that there is a stress-strain region where after collapse the soil looses considerable strength. With increasing stress and strain the soil eventually becomes stronger. From the triaxial tests, the stress-strain data from this "region of collapse" was used in a constitutive model. Stress paths from the Oedometer and Pressuremeter tests were then successfully applied to the model. The constitutive model used was an elasto plastic model. The elastic and plastic strain components were provided using functions for yielding, hardening, plastic potential, and failure as proposed by Paul Lade in his work on cohesionless, frictional materials. Results from the conventional triaxial shear tests and isotropic compression tests were used to derive the values of the functions for the model. The end result was three dimensional surfaces for failure, yielding, plastic work and plastic potential for the dry and saturated soil in the zone of collapse.
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Chen, Tao. "The mechanical properties and oxidation behavior of nanocrystalline NiAl synthesized via shock consolidation of mechanically alloyed powders of Ni and Al." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/20029.

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Books on the topic "CONSOLIDATION BEHAVIOR"

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Pappas, Deno M. Behavior of simulated longwall gob material. Washington, D.C: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bureau of Mines, 1993.

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Lichtenberg, Frank R. The effects of leveraged buyouts on productivity and related aspects of firm behavior. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 1989.

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J, Winters William, Chamberlain Edwin J, and Geological Survey (U.S.), eds. Geotechnical properties and freeze/thaw consolidation behavior of sediment from the Beaufort Sea, Alaska. [Reston, Va.?]: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Geological Survey, 1985.

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Reineke, Rolf-Dieter. Akkulturation von Auslandsakquisitionen: Eine Untersuchung zur unternehmenskulturellen Anpassung. Wiesbaden: Gabler, 1989.

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Xu, Mingxia. Zhongguo qi ye de kua guo bing gou zhan lüe, guo nei shi chang de duo yuan hua xing wei yu bing gou ji xiao de guan xi yan jiu = Research on the relatonship among Chinese firms' cross-border M&A strategy, diversification behavior in the domestic market and post-acquisition performance. Beijing Shi: Jing ji ke xue chu ban she, 2014.

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Makarova, Svetlana, and Semen Reznik. Undergraduates of the Russian University: management of social behavior and professional training. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1137904.

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The textbook discusses the main approaches to the formation of the conceptual foundations of the social state, which in modern conditions ensure the consolidation of the model of the modern state, focused on the consistent development and implementation of social projects, and effective social policy. Special attention is paid to the consideration of socio-anthropological and value-normative approaches that provide a more complete study of the features of the formation of the social character of the state, along with formal and legal ones. Special attention is paid to the formation of competencies necessary for the activities of employees of social institutions, state and municipal employees, volunteers and other participants of public associations.
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Cynthia, Surrisi, and Gallagher Carolyn, eds. Someone is buying the zoo: Balancing organization and employee needs in mergers and acquisitions. St. Paul, MN: Mollyockett Press, 1991.

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Beusch, Peter. Contradicting management control ideologies: A study of integration processes following cross-border acquisitions of large multinationals. Göteborg: BAS Pub., 2007.

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Lin, Meng-Chih. Post-consolidation behaviour of acetaminophen crystals. Ottawa: National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1993.

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Papadimitropoulos, Emmanuel A. Post consolidation behaviour of two crystalline materials, sodium chloride and potassium bromide. Ottawa: National Library of Canada, 1990.

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Book chapters on the topic "CONSOLIDATION BEHAVIOR"

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Estevez, Marcel A., and Ted Abel. "Epigenetic Mechanisms of Memory Consolidation." In Brain, Behavior and Epigenetics, 267–85. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-17426-1_13.

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Ali, Tousif, M. A. Khan, and Kausar Ali. "Consolidation Behavior of Clayey Soil Reinforced with Geofiber." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 119–29. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-6969-6_12.

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Wang, Fengrong. "M&A Waves in China: A Survey from the Government Behavior Perspective." In M&A and Corporate Consolidation, 73–174. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-6675-2_3.

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Hirata, Yoshihiro, and Ilhan A. Aksay. "Colloidal Consolidation and Sintering Behavior of CVD-Processed Mullite Powders." In Ceramic Microstructures ’86, 611–22. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-1933-7_62.

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Yoon, Seung Chae, Do Minh Nghiep, Sun Ig Hong, Zenji Horita, and Hyoung Seop Kim. "Achieving Both Powder Consolidation and Grain Refinement for Bulk Nanostructured Materials by Equal-Channel Angular Pressing." In The Mechanical Behavior of Materials X, 173–76. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-440-5.173.

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Zhang, Tongwei, Yongfeng Deng, Haocheng Xue, Xingjun Zhang, and Shijun Wang. "Salinity and Clay Mineralogy Effects on Consolidation Behavior of Pure Clays." In Proceedings of the 8th International Congress on Environmental Geotechnics Volume 2, 529–36. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-2224-2_65.

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Egashira, K., K. Iwataki, T. Sato, M. Katagiri, M. Terashi, and M. Nishimura. "Effect of initial water content on consolidation behavior of clay sludge." In Physical Modelling in Geotechnics, 231–36. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780203743362-42.

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Mukherjee, Krishanu, and Anil Kumar Mishra. "Consolidation Behavior of Compacted Sand–Bentonite–Tire Fiber Mixture for Landfill Application." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 213–22. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-51354-2_19.

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Dupuy, Alexander D., Baolong Zheng, Yizhang Zhou, Jean-Pierre Delplanque, Todd C. Monson, Enrique J. Lavernia, and Julie M. Schoenung. "Consolidation and Behavior of FeCoV Soft Magnetic Materials via Spark Plasma Sintering." In Spark Plasma Sintering of Materials, 473–91. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-05327-7_16.

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Hirata, Yoshihiro, and Yosuke Tanaka. "Analysis of Consolidation Behavior of 68 nm Yttria-Stabilized Zirconia Particles during Pressure Filtration." In Characterization, Design, and Processing of Nanosize Powders and Nanostructured Materials, 71–84. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118144077.ch8.

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Conference papers on the topic "CONSOLIDATION BEHAVIOR"

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Ma, Boning, Balasingam Muhunthan, and Xinyu Xie. "Modeling Effects of Clay Structure on Consolidation Behavior." In Fifth Biot Conference on Poromechanics. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784412992.104.

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Tong, Jun, Noriyuki Yasufuku, and Kiyoshi Omine. "Consolidation Behavior of Ultra-Soft slurry and 1-D Consolidation Model Considering Viscosity." In Second International Conference on Geotechnical and Earthquake Engineering. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784413128.070.

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Nishimura, Shin-ichi. "Inverse Analysis of Consolidation Behavior with Several Nonlinear Models." In Proceedings of the 7th International Symposium on Geotechnical Safety and Risk (ISGSR 2019). Singapore: Research Publishing Services, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3850/978-981-11-2725-0-is7-4-cd.

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B. A, Mir, and Juneja A. "Consolidation Behavior of Composite Ground Reinforced with Sand Columns." In International Conference on Ground Improvement & Ground Control. Singapore: Research Publishing Services, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.3850/978-981-07-3559-3_01-0114.

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Knight, John, and K. Jayaraman. "Consolidation Behavior of Continuous Strand Random Glass Mats with Binders." In International Congress & Exposition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/930176.

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Horpibulsuk, S., A. Chinkulkijnwat, A. Cholaphatsron, J. Suebsuk, and M. D. Liu. "Finite Element Analysis of Consolidation Behavior of Composite Soft Ground." In GeoCongress 2012. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784412121.097.

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Jia, Rui, Takenori Hino, Takaharu Hamada, Mitsugu Yoshimura, and Tsunetaka Terao. "Sedimentation and Consolidation Behavior of Bottom Sediment in Isahaya Bay." In International Conference on Ground Improvement & Ground Control. Singapore: Research Publishing Services, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.3850/978-981-07-3559-3_01-0102.

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Boulanger, Ross W., and Scott J. Brandenberg. "Accounting for Strain Rate Dependent Behavior during Consolidation of Saturated Clay." In Eighth International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784482124.070.

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SARTHAK MAHAPATRA, SARTHAK MAHAPATRA, JONATHAN BELNOUE, JAMES KRATZ, DMITRY S. IVANOV, and STEPHEN R. HALLETT. "MODELLING COMPACTION BEHAVIOR OF TOUGHENED PREPREG DURING AUTOMATED FIBRE PLACEMENT." In Thirty-sixth Technical Conference. Destech Publications, Inc., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12783/asc36/35757.

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One of the most widely used automated manufacturing processes for composite parts is automated fibre placement (AFP). The deposition process involves the simultaneous warming, lay-up and consolidation of prepreg consisting of multitude of process parameters. Currently, AFP process parameters that ensure part conformance are derived by expensive and time-consuming trial-and-error approaches. The aim of this study is to demonstrate how physics-based finite element simulations that can predict the as manufactured geometry of a preform deposited by AFP can help reduce some of the empiricism associated with current industry practices. Here we particularly focus on the consolidation behaviour of toughened prepregs during the deposition process. An isothermal roller compaction model with thermal properties derived from an independent simplified thermo-mechanical model of the AFP head is used. Additionally, a fully characterised viscoelastic material definition is used for the prepreg tape along with a hyperelastic material for the compaction roller to accurately represent the physical parts. Various lay-up speeds, heater powers and compaction forces are simulated. To reduce the empiricism present in the manufacturing process, the viability of incorporating the numerical models into existing statistical relationships between process parameters and manufactured geometry is examined.
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Azimi, Artine, Adam Kaplan, and Nader S. Rad. "A Simplified Self-Weight Consolidation Test Apparatus to Investigate the Consolidation Behavior of Dredged Material at Low Effective Stresses." In Geo-Congress 2020. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784482803.041.

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Reports on the topic "CONSOLIDATION BEHAVIOR"

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Ardanaz, Martín, Eduardo A. Cavallo, Alejandro Izquierdo, and Jorge Puig. Output Effects of Fiscal Consolidations: Does Spending Composition Matter? Inter-American Development Bank, December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003881.

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This paper studies whether changes in the composition of public spending affect the macroeconomic consequences of fiscal consolidations. Based on a sample of 44 developing countries and 26 advanced economies during 1980-2019, results show that while fiscal consolidations tend to be on average, contractionary, the size of the output fall depends on the behavior of public investment vis-a-vis public consumption during the fiscal adjustment, with heterogeneous responses growing over time. When public investment is penalized relative to public consumption and thus, its share in public expenditures decreases, a 1 percent of GDP consolidation reduces output by 0.7 percent within three years of the fiscal shock. In contrast, safeguarding public investment from budget cuts vis-a-vis public consumption can neutralize the contractionary effects of fiscal adjustments on impact, and can even spur output growth over the medium term. The component of GDP that mostly drives the heterogeneity between both types of adjustments is private investment. The results hold up to a number of robust-ness tests, including alternative identification strategies of fiscal shocks. The findings have policy implications for the design of fiscal adjustment strategies to protect economic growth as countries recover from the coronavirus pandemic.consolidation reduces output by 0.7 percent within three years of the fiscal shock. In contrast, safeguarding public investment from budget cuts vis-a-vis public consumption can neutralize the contractionary effects of fiscal adjustments on impact, and can even spur output growth over the medium term. The component of GDP that mostly drives the heterogeneity between both types of adjustments is private investment. The results hold up to a number of robustness tests, including alternative identification strategies of fiscal shocks. The findings have policy implications for the design of fiscal adjustment strategies to protect economic growth as countries recover from the coronavirus pandemic.
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Perkey, David, and Danielle Tarpley. Using geophysical and erosion properties to identify potential beneficial use applications for Atlantic Intracoastal Waterway sediments. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), July 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/44825.

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In an effort to identify alternative and beneficial use placement strategies for dredged sediments from the Atlantic Intracoastal Waterway (AIWW), the US Army Corps of Engineers, Savannah District (SAS), and the US Army Engineer Research and Development Center (ERDC) performed a series of physical property tests of 34 core borings from the SAS AIWW. Physical property testing found that 14 of the borings were non-cohesive sandy materials that may be suitable for potential beach renourishment or berm construction. The remaining 20 borings had mud contents sufficient enough to result in cohesive behavior. A subset of six of these materials from across the geographic region were further evaluated to characterize their erosion behavior. Following a self-weight consolidation period of 30 days, erosion testing showed that the tested cohesive sediments had critical shear stress values that ranged from 1.7 Pa to 2.9 Pa, suggesting that these sediments would likely be resistant to erosion in most wetland environments after placement. Additionally, the cohesive sediments were found to produce gravel-sized mud clasts. These clasts could account for 20% or more of the eroded mass and significantly reduce the amount of silts and clays incorporated in suspended plumes during and immediately following placement.
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Perkey, David W., Danielle R. N. Tarpley, and Renée M. Styles. Using Geophysical and Erosion Properties to Identify Potential Beneficial Use Applications for Atlantic Intracoastal Waterway Sediments. U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, July 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/44906.

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In an effort to identify alternative and beneficial use placement strategies for dredged sediments from the Atlantic Intracoastal Waterway (AIWW), the US Army Corps of Engineers, Savannah District (SAS), and the US Army Engineer Research and Development Center (ERDC) performed a series of physical property tests of 34 core borings from the SAS AIWW. Physical property testing found that 14 of the borings were non-cohesive sandy materials that may be suitable for potential beach renourishment or berm construction. The remaining 20 borings had mud contents sufficient enough to result in cohesive behavior. A subset of six of these materials from across the geographic region were further evaluated to characterize their erosion behavior. Following a self-weight consolidation period of 30 days, erosion testing showed that the tested cohesive sediments had critical shear stress values that ranged from 1.7 Pa to 2.9 Pa, suggesting that these sediments would likely be resistant to erosion in most wetland environments after placement. Additionally, the cohesive sediments were found to produce gravel-sized mud clasts. These clasts could account for 20% or more of the eroded mass and significantly reduce the amount of silts and clays incorporated in suspended plumes during and immediately following placement.
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Haider, Huma. Fostering a Democratic Culture: Lessons for the Eastern Neighbourhood. Institute of Development Studies, August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2022.131.

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Political culture is the values, beliefs, and emotions that members of a society express about the political regime and their role in it (Pickering, 2022, p. 5). Norms, values, attitudes and practices considered integral to a “culture of democracy”, according to the Council of Europe, include: a commitment to public deliberation, discussion, and the free expression of opinions; a commitment to electoral rules; the rule of law; and the protection of minority rights; peaceful conflict resolution. The consolidation of democracy involves not only institutional change, but also instilling a democratic culture in a society (Balčytienė, 2021). Research on democratic consolidation in various countries in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) finds that a key impediment to consolidation is the persistence of old, authoritarian political culture that undermines political and civic participation. This rapid review looks at aspects of democratic culture and potential ways to foster it, focusing on educational initiatives and opportunities for civic action — which comprise much of the literature on developing the values, attitudes and behaviours of democracy. Discussion on the strengthening of democratic institutions or assistance to electoral processes is outside the scope of the report.
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Stormont, John, Brandon Lampe, Melissa Mills, Laxmi Paneru, Timothy Lynn, and Aayush Piya. Final Report: Improving the understanding of the coupled thermal-mechanical-hydrologic behavior of consolidating granular salt. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1380117.

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Ringhand, Madlen, Maximilian Bäumler, Christian Siebke, Marcus Mai, and Felix Elrod. Report on validation of the stochastic traffic simulation (Part A). Technische Universität Dresden, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.26128/2021.242.

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This document is intended to give an overview of the human subject study in a driving simulator that was conducted by the Chair of Traffic and Transportation Psychology (Verkehrspsychologie – VPSY) of the Technische Universität Dresden (TUD) to provide the Chair of Automotive Engineering (Lehrstuhl Kraftfahrzeugtechnik – LKT) of TUD with the necessary input for the validation of a stochastic traffic simulation, especially for the parameterization, consolidation, and validation of driver behaviour models. VPSY planned, conducted, and analysed a driving simulator study. The main purpose of the study was to analyse driving behaviour and gaze data at intersections in urban areas. Based on relevant literature, a simulated driving environment was created, in which a sample of drivers passed a variety of intersections. Considering different driver states, driving tasks, and traffic situations, the collected data provide detailed information about human gaze and driving behaviour when approaching and crossing intersections. The collected data was transferred to LKT for the development of the stochastic traffic simulation.
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Artana, Daniel, Cynthia Moskovits, Jorge Puig, and Ivana Templado. Fiscal Rules and the Behavior of Public Investment in Latin America and the Caribbean: Towards Growth-Friendly Fiscal Policy?: The case of Argentina. Inter-American Development Bank, February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003057.

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This paper analyzes the implementation of Fiscal Rules (FR) in Argentina. Several clear attempts to establish a FR at the national level are identified. The analysis suggests that the environment matters. The only FR that was binding in the period was approved in 2004 during an economic boom, with the country under a program with the IMF and with high political support. During the world financial crisis the expenditure ceilings were relaxed, however, and current primary expenditures soared. Simulations show that a countercyclical fund could have been implemented even after reducing highly distorting taxes at the federal and provincial levels, and at the same time securing a high level of capital expenditure as a share of GDP, had Argentina complied with the 2004 FR. Moreover, an econometric exploration of the link between flexible FRs and public investment finds that a flexible FR helps to mitigate the negative effects of fiscal consolidations on provincial public investment. Based on the previous analysis, guidelines for a proposal for a FR in Argentina are provided.
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Hernández, Juan, and Juan Santaella. How to repay the after-COVID-19 public debt?: The case of Colombia. Inter-American Development Bank, May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004248.

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The COVID-19 pandemic produced a shock to public finances throughout the world. In the case of Colombia, the public debt to GDP ratio increased from 39.8% to 65.0%. We use a two-country neoclassical general equilibrium model to determine which one-shot tax reforms make the new debt level sustainable. Our analysis shows that Colombia was on the wrong side of the Laffer curve for capital and labor income taxes before the crisis and hence would need to reduce those taxes to repay its current debt. Specifically, reducing the capital tax by four percentage points and the labor tax by three percentage points restores sustainability. In contrast, the analysis suggests that the economy is on the upward-sloping side of the Laffer curve for the consumption tax. An increase of 10 percentage points in the consumption tax generates a future path of primary surpluses big enough to repay the post-COVID level of debt. The results suggest that behavioral changes and general equilibrium effects are sizeable. Therefore, ignoring them will bias fiscal consolidation analysis.
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Snyder, Victor A., Dani Or, Amos Hadas, and S. Assouline. Characterization of Post-Tillage Soil Fragmentation and Rejoining Affecting Soil Pore Space Evolution and Transport Properties. United States Department of Agriculture, April 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2002.7580670.bard.

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Tillage modifies soil structure, altering conditions for plant growth and transport processes through the soil. However, the resulting loose structure is unstable and susceptible to collapse due to aggregate fragmentation during wetting and drying cycles, and coalescense of moist aggregates by internal capillary forces and external compactive stresses. Presently, limited understanding of these complex processes often leads to consideration of the soil plow layer as a static porous medium. With the purpose of filling some of this knowledge gap, the objectives of this Project were to: 1) Identify and quantify the major factors causing breakdown of primary soil fragments produced by tillage into smaller secondary fragments; 2) Identify and quantify the. physical processes involved in the coalescence of primary and secondary fragments and surfaces of weakness; 3) Measure temporal changes in pore-size distributions and hydraulic properties of reconstructed aggregate beds as a function of specified initial conditions and wetting/drying events; and 4) Construct a process-based model of post-tillage changes in soil structural and hydraulic properties of the plow layer and validate it against field experiments. A dynamic theory of capillary-driven plastic deformation of adjoining aggregates was developed, where instantaneous rate of change in geometry of aggregates and inter-aggregate pores was related to current geometry of the solid-gas-liquid system and measured soil rheological functions. The theory and supporting data showed that consolidation of aggregate beds is largely an event-driven process, restricted to a fairly narrow range of soil water contents where capillary suction is great enough to generate coalescence but where soil mechanical strength is still low enough to allow plastic deforn1ation of aggregates. The theory was also used to explain effects of transient external loading on compaction of aggregate beds. A stochastic forInalism was developed for modeling soil pore space evolution, based on the Fokker Planck equation (FPE). Analytical solutions for the FPE were developed, with parameters which can be measured empirically or related to the mechanistic aggregate deformation model. Pre-existing results from field experiments were used to illustrate how the FPE formalism can be applied to field data. Fragmentation of soil clods after tillage was observed to be an event-driven (as opposed to continuous) process that occurred only during wetting, and only as clods approached the saturation point. The major mechanism of fragmentation of large aggregates seemed to be differential soil swelling behind the wetting front. Aggregate "explosion" due to air entrapment seemed limited to small aggregates wetted simultaneously over their entire surface. Breakdown of large aggregates from 11 clay soils during successive wetting and drying cycles produced fragment size distributions which differed primarily by a scale factor l (essentially equivalent to the Van Bavel mean weight diameter), so that evolution of fragment size distributions could be modeled in terms of changes in l. For a given number of wetting and drying cycles, l decreased systematically with increasing plasticity index. When air-dry soil clods were slightly weakened by a single wetting event, and then allowed to "age" for six weeks at constant high water content, drop-shatter resistance in aged relative to non-aged clods was found to increase in proportion to plasticity index. This seemed consistent with the rheological model, which predicts faster plastic coalescence around small voids and sharp cracks (with resulting soil strengthening) in soils with low resistance to plastic yield and flow. A new theory of crack growth in "idealized" elastoplastic materials was formulated, with potential application to soil fracture phenomena. The theory was preliminarily (and successfully) tested using carbon steel, a ductile material which closely approximates ideal elastoplastic behavior, and for which the necessary fracture data existed in the literature.
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Monetary Policy Report - January 2023. Banco de la República, June 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/inf-pol-mont-eng.tr1-2023.

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1. Macroeconomic Summary In December, headline inflation (13.1%) and the average of the core inflation measures (10.3%) continued to trend upward, posting higher rates than those estimated by the Central Bank's technical staff and surpassing the market average. Inflation expectations for all terms exceeded the 3.0% target. In that month, every major group in the Consumer Price Index (CPI) registered higher-than-estimated increases, and the diffusion indicators continued to show generalized price hikes. Accumulated exchange rate pressures on prices, indexation to high inflation rates, and several food supply shocks would explain, in part, the acceleration in inflation. All of this is in a context of significant surplus demand, a tight labor market, and inflation expectations at different terms that exceed the 3.0% target. Compared to the October edition of the Monetary Policy Report, the forecast path for headline and core inflation (excluding food and regulated items: EFR) increased (Graphs 1.1 and 1.2), reflecting heightened accumulated exchange rate pressures, price indexation to a higher inflation rate (CPI and the producer price index: PPI), and the rise in labor costs attributed to a larger-than-estimated adjustment in the minimum wage. Nevertheless, headline inflation is expected to begin to ease by early 2023, although from a higher level than had been estimated in October. This would be supported initially by the slowdown forecast for the food CPI due to a high base of comparison, the end anticipated for the shocks that have affected the prices of these products, and the estimated improvement in external and domestic supply in this sector. In turn, the deterioration in real household income because of high inflation and the end of the effects of pent-up demand, plus tighter external and domestic financial conditions would contribute to diluting surplus demand in 2023 and reducing inflation. By the end of 2023, both headline and core (EFR) inflation would reach 8.7% and would be 3.5% and 3.8%, respectively, by December 2024. These forecasts are subject to a great deal of uncertainty, especially concerning the future behavior of international financial conditions, the evolution of the exchange rate, the pace of adjustment in domestic demand, the extent of indexation of nominal contracts, and the decisions taken regarding the domestic price of fuel and electricity. In the third quarter, economic activity surprised again on the upside and the growth projection for 2022 rose to 8.0% (previously 7.9%). However, it declined to 0.2% for 2023 (previously 0.5%). With this, surplus demand continues to be significant and is still expected to weaken during the current year. Annual economic growth in the third quarter (7.1 % SCA)1 was higher than estimated in October (6.4 % SCA), given stronger domestic demand specifically because of higher-than-expected investment. Private consumption fell from the high level witnessed a quarter earlier and net exports registered a more negative contribution than anticipated. For the fourth quarter, economic activity indicators suggest that gross domestic product (GDP) would have remained high and at a level similar to that observed in the third quarter, with an annual variation of 4.1%. Domestic demand would have slowed in annual terms, although at levels that would have remained above those for output, mainly because of considerable private consumption. Investment would have declined slightly to a value like the average observed in 2019. The real trade deficit would have decreased due to a drop in imports that was more pronounced than the estimated decline in exports. On the forecast horizon, consumption is expected to decline from current elevated levels, partly because of tighter domestic financial conditions and a deterioration in real income due to high inflation. Investment would also weaken and return to levels below those seen before the pandemic. In real terms, the trade deficit would narrow due to a lower momentum projection for domestic demand and higher cumulative real depreciation. In sum, economic growth for all of 2022, 2023, and 2024 would stand at 8.0%, 0.2% and 1.0%, respectively (Graph 1.3). Surplus demand remains high (as measured by the output gap) and is expected to decline in 2023 and could turn negative in 2024 (Graph 1.4). Although the macroeconomic forecast includes a marked slowdown in the economy, an even greater adjustment in domestic absorption cannot be ruled out due to the cumulative effects of tighter external and domestic financial conditions, among other reasons. These estimates continue to be subject to a high degree of uncertainty, which is associated with factors such as global political tensions, changes in international interest rates and their effects on external demand, global risk aversion, the effects of the approved tax reform, the possible impact of reforms announced for this year (pension, health, and labor reforms, among others), and future measures regarding hydrocarbon production. In 2022, the current account deficit would have been high (6.3 % of GDP), but it would be corrected significantly in 2023 (to 3.9 % of GDP) given the expected slowdown in domestic demand. Despite favorable terms of trade, the high external imbalance that would occur during 2022 would be largely due to domestic demand growth, cost pressures associated with high freight rates, higher external debt service payments, and good performance in terms of the profits of foreign companies.2 By 2023, the adjustment in domestic demand would be reflected in a smaller current account deficit especially due to fewer imports, a global moderation in prices and cost pressures, and a reduction in profits remitted abroad by companies with foreign direct investment (FDI) focused on the local market. Despite this anticipated correction in the external imbalance, its level as a percentage of GDP would remain high in the context of tight financial conditions. In the world's main economies, inflation forecasts and expectations point to a reduction by 2023, but at levels that still exceed their central banks' targets. The path anticipated for the Federal Reserve (Fed) interest rate increased and the forecast for global growth continues to be moderate. In the fourth quarter of 2022, logistics costs and international prices for some foods, oil and energy declined from elevated levels, bringing downward pressure to bear on global inflation. Meanwhile, the higher cost of financing, the loss of real income due to high levels of global inflation, and the persistence of the war in Ukraine, among other factors, have contributed to the reduction in global economic growth forecasts. In the United States, inflation turned out to be lower than estimated and the members of the Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) reduced the growth forecast for 2023. Nevertheless, the actual level of inflation in that country, its forecasts, and expectations exceed the target. Also, the labor market remains tight, and fiscal policy is still expansionary. In this environment, the Fed raised the expected path for policy interest rates and, with this, the market average estimates higher levels for 2023 than those forecast in October. In the region's emerging economies, country risk premia declined during the quarter and the currencies of those countries appreciated against the US dollar. Considering all the above, for the current year, the Central Bank's technical staff increased the path estimated for the Fed's interest rate, reduced the forecast for growth in the country's external demand, lowered the expected path of oil prices, and kept the country’s risk premium assumption high, but at somewhat lower levels than those anticipated in the previous Monetary Policy Report. Moreover, accumulated inflationary pressures originating from the behavior of the exchange rate would continue to be important. External financial conditions facing the economy have improved recently and could be associated with a more favorable international context for the Colombian economy. So far this year, there has been a reduction in long-term bond interest rates in the markets of developed countries and an increase in the prices of risky assets, such as stocks. This would be associated with a faster-than-expected reduction in inflation in the United States and Europe, which would allow for a less restrictive course for monetary policy in those regions. In this context, the risks of a global recession have been reduced and the global appetite for risk has increased. Consequently, the risk premium continues to decline, the Colombian peso has appreciated significantly, and TES interest rates have decreased. Should this trend consolidate, exchange rate inflationary pressures could be less than what was incorporated into the macroeconomic forecast. Uncertainty about external forecasts and their impact on the country remains high, given the unpredictable course of the war in Ukraine, geopolitical tensions, local uncertainty, and the extensive financing needs of the Colombian government and the economy. High inflation with forecasts and expectations above 3.0%, coupled with surplus demand and a tight labor market are compatible with a contractionary stance on monetary policy that is conducive to the macroeconomic adjustment needed to mitigate the risk of de-anchoring inflation expectations and to ensure that inflation converges to the target. Compared to the forecasts in the October edition of the Monetary Policy Report, domestic demand has been more dynamic, with a higher observed level of output exceeding the productive capacity of the economy. In this context of surplus demand, headline and core inflation continued to trend upward and posted surprising increases. Observed and expected international interest rates increased, the country’s risk premia lessened (but remains at high levels), and accumulated exchange rate pressures are still significant. The technical staff's inflation forecast for 2023 increased and inflation expectations remain well above 3.0%. All in all, the risk of inflation expectations becoming unanchored persists, which would accentuate the generalized indexation process and push inflation even further away from the target. This macroeconomic context requires consolidating a contractionary monetary policy stance that aims to meet the inflation target within the forecast horizon and bring the economy's output to levels closer to its potential. 1.2 Monetary Policy Decision At its meetings in December 2022 and January 2023, Banco de la República’s Board of Directors (BDBR) agreed to continue the process of normalizing monetary policy. In December, the BDBR decided by a majority vote to increase the monetary policy interest rate by 100 basis points (bps) and in its January meeting by 75 bps, bringing it to 12.75% (Graph 1.5). 1/ Seasonally and calendar adjusted. 2/ In the current account aggregate, the pressures for a higher external deficit come from those companies with FDI that are focused on the domestic market. In contrast, profits in the mining and energy sectors are more than offset by the external revenue they generate through exports. Box 1 - Electricity Rates: Recent Developments and Indexation. Author: Édgar Caicedo García, Pablo Montealegre Moreno and Álex Fernando Pérez Libreros Box 2 - Indicators of Household Indebtedness. Author: Camilo Gómez y Juan Sebastián Mariño
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